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Roth RH, Ding JB. Cortico-basal ganglia plasticity in motor learning. Neuron 2024; 112:2486-2502. [PMID: 39002543 PMCID: PMC11309896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
One key function of the brain is to control our body's movements, allowing us to interact with the world around us. Yet, many motor behaviors are not innate but require learning through repeated practice. Among the brain's motor regions, the cortico-basal ganglia circuit is particularly crucial for acquiring and executing motor skills, and neuronal activity in these regions is directly linked to movement parameters. Cell-type-specific adaptations of activity patterns and synaptic connectivity support the learning of new motor skills. Functionally, neuronal activity sequences become structured and associated with learned movements. On the synaptic level, specific connections become potentiated during learning through mechanisms such as long-term synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine dynamics, which are thought to mediate functional circuit plasticity. These synaptic and circuit adaptations within the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry are thus critical for motor skill acquisition, and disruptions in this plasticity can contribute to movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Yahiro T, Bayless-Edwards L, Jones JA, Ma L, Qin M, Mao T, Zhong H. A high-performance genetically encoded sensor for cellular imaging of PKC activity in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.19.604387. [PMID: 39091834 PMCID: PMC11291028 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.19.604387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We report a genetically encoded fluorescence lifetime sensor for protein kinase C (PKC) activity, named CKAR3, based on Förster resonance energy transfer. CKAR3 exhibits a 10-fold increased dynamic range compared to its parental sensors and enables in vivo imaging of PKC activity during animal behavior. Our results reveal robust PKC activity in a sparse neuronal subset in the motor cortex during locomotion, in part mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yahiro
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | | | - James A Jones
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Lei Ma
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
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3
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Qin M, Xu M, Zhang S, Ma G. Organization of corticocortical and thalamocortical top-down inputs in the primary visual cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4495. [PMID: 38802410 PMCID: PMC11130321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Unified visual perception requires integration of bottom-up and top-down inputs in the primary visual cortex (V1), yet the organization of top-down inputs in V1 remains unclear. Here, we used optogenetics-assisted circuit mapping to identify how multiple top-down inputs from higher-order cortical and thalamic areas engage V1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Top-down inputs overlap in superficial layers yet segregate in deep layers. Inputs from the medial secondary visual cortex (V2M) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACA) converge on L6 Pyrs, whereas ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex (ORBvl) and lateral posterior thalamic nucleus (LP) inputs are processed in parallel in Pyr-type-specific subnetworks (Pyr←ORBvl and Pyr←LP) and drive mutual inhibition between them via local interneurons. Our study deepens understanding of the top-down modulation mechanisms of visual processing and establishes that V2M and ACA inputs in L6 employ integrated processing distinct from the parallel processing of LP and ORBvl inputs in L5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Liu
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhishan Jiang
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meiling Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Guofen Ma
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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4
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Lyuboslavsky P, Ordemann GJ, Kizimenko A, Brumback AC. Two contrasting mediodorsal thalamic circuits target the mouse medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:876-890. [PMID: 38568510 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00456.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
At the heart of the prefrontal network is the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus. Despite the importance of MD in a broad range of behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders, little is known about the physiology of neurons in MD. We injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult wild-type mice. We prepared acute brain slices and used current clamp electrophysiology to measure and compare the intrinsic properties of the neurons in MD that project to mPFC (MD→mPFC neurons). We show that MD→mPFC neurons are located predominantly in the medial (MD-M) and lateral (MD-L) subnuclei of MD. MD-L→mPFC neurons had shorter membrane time constants and lower membrane resistance than MD-M→mPFC neurons. Relatively increased hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel activity in MD-L neurons accounted for the difference in membrane resistance. MD-L neurons had a higher rheobase that resulted in less readily generated action potentials compared with MD-M→mPFC neurons. In both cell types, HCN channels supported generation of burst spiking. Increased HCN channel activity in MD-L neurons results in larger after-hyperpolarization potentials compared with MD-M neurons. These data demonstrate that the two populations of MD→mPFC neurons have divergent physiologies and support a differential role in thalamocortical information processing and potentially behavior.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To realize the potential of circuit-based therapies for psychiatric disorders that localize to the prefrontal network, we need to understand the properties of the populations of neurons that make up this network. The mediodorsal (MD) thalamus has garnered attention for its roles in executive functioning and social/emotional behaviors mediated, at least in part, by its projections to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we identify and compare the physiology of the projection neurons in the two MD subnuclei that provide ascending inputs to mPFC in mice. Differences in intrinsic excitability between the two populations of neurons suggest that neuromodulation strategies targeting the prefrontal thalamocortical network will have differential effects on these two streams of thalamic input to mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Lyuboslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Gregory J Ordemann
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Alena Kizimenko
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Audrey C Brumback
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
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5
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Tudi A, Yao M, Tang F, Zhou J, Li A, Gong H, Jiang T, Li X. Subregion preference in the long-range connectome of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. BMC Biol 2024; 22:95. [PMID: 38679719 PMCID: PMC11057135 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in complex functions containing multiple types of neurons in distinct subregions with preferential roles. The pyramidal neurons had wide-range projections to cortical and subcortical regions with subregional preferences. Using a combination of viral tracing and fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) in transgenic mice, we systematically dissected the whole-brain connectomes of intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons in four mPFC subregions. RESULTS IT and PT neurons of the same subregion projected to different target areas while receiving inputs from similar upstream regions with quantitative differences. IT and PT neurons all project to the amygdala and basal forebrain, but their axons target different subregions. Compared to subregions in the prelimbic area (PL) which have more connections with sensorimotor-related regions, the infralimbic area (ILA) has stronger connections with limbic regions. The connection pattern of the mPFC subregions along the anterior-posterior axis showed a corresponding topological pattern with the isocortex and amygdala but an opposite orientation correspondence with the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS By using transgenic mice and fMOST imaging, we obtained the subregional preference whole-brain connectomes of IT and pyramidal tract PT neurons in the mPFC four subregions. These results provide a comprehensive resource for directing research into the complex functions of the mPFC by offering anatomical dissections of the different subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayizuohere Tudi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifang Tang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiangning Li
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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6
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Yang L, Liu F, Hahm H, Okuda T, Li X, Zhang Y, Kalyanaraman V, Heitmeier MR, Samineni VK. Projection-TAGs enable multiplex projection tracing and multi-modal profiling of projection neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590975. [PMID: 38712231 PMCID: PMC11071495 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell multiomic techniques have sparked immense interest in developing a comprehensive multi-modal map of diverse neuronal cell types and their brain wide projections. However, investigating the spatial organization, transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of brain wide projection neurons is hampered by the lack of efficient and easily adoptable tools. Here we introduce Projection-TAGs, a retrograde AAV platform that allows multiplex tagging of projection neurons using RNA barcodes. By using Projection-TAGs, we performed multiplex projection tracing of the mouse cortex and high-throughput single-cell profiling of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of the cortical projection neurons. Projection-TAGs can be leveraged to obtain a snapshot of activity-dependent recruitment of distinct projection neurons and their molecular features in the context of a specific stimulus. Given its flexibility, usability, and compatibility, we envision that Projection-TAGs can be readily applied to build a comprehensive multi-modal map of brain neuronal cell types and their projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lite Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hannah Hahm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Takao Okuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yufen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monique R. Heitmeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vijay K. Samineni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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7
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Russo S, Claar L, Marks L, Krishnan G, Furregoni G, Zauli FM, Hassan G, Solbiati M, d’Orio P, Mikulan E, Sarasso S, Rosanova M, Sartori I, Bazhenov M, Pigorini A, Massimini M, Koch C, Rembado I. Thalamic feedback shapes brain responses evoked by cortical stimulation in mice and humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578243. [PMID: 38352535 PMCID: PMC10862802 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cortical stimulation with single pulses is a common technique in clinical practice and research. However, we still do not understand the extent to which it engages subcortical circuits which contribute to the associated evoked potentials (EPs). Here we find that cortical stimulation generates remarkably similar EPs in humans and mice, with a late component similarly modulated by the subject's behavioral state. We optogenetically dissect the underlying circuit in mice, demonstrating that the late component of these EPs is caused by a thalamic hyperpolarization and rebound. The magnitude of this late component correlates with the bursting frequency and synchronicity of thalamic neurons, modulated by the subject's behavioral state. A simulation of the thalamo-cortical circuit highlights that both intrinsic thalamic currents as well as cortical and thalamic GABAergic neurons contribute to this response profile. We conclude that the cortical stimulation engages cortico-thalamo-cortical circuits highly preserved across different species and stimulation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
- Department of Philosophy ‘Piero Martinetti’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Brain and Consciousness, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leslie Claar
- Brain and Consciousness, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Lydia Marks
- Brain and Consciousness, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Giri Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Giulia Furregoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Flavia Maria Zauli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
- Department of Philosophy ‘Piero Martinetti’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, “C. Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hassan
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
- Department of Philosophy ‘Piero Martinetti’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Solbiati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, “C. Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio d’Orio
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, “C. Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Italy
- University of Parma, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Mikulan
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Simone Sarasso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Mario Rosanova
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Ivana Sartori
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, “C. Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Italy
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Pigorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-facial Surgery and dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20122, Italy
- Azrieli Program in Brain, Mind and Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christof Koch
- Brain and Consciousness, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Irene Rembado
- Brain and Consciousness, Allen Institute, Seattle, United States
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8
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Zheng J, Zhang XM, Tang W, Li Y, Wang P, Jin J, Luo Z, Fang S, Yang S, Wei Z, Song K, Huang Z, Wang Z, Zhu Z, Shi N, Xiao D, Yuan L, Shen H, Huang L, Li B. An insular cortical circuit required for itch sensation and aversion. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1453-1468.e6. [PMID: 38484733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Itch encompasses both sensory and emotional dimensions, with the two dimensions reciprocally exacerbating each other. However, whether a shared neural circuit mechanism governs both dimensions remains elusive. Here, we report that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) is activated by both histamine-dependent and -independent itch stimuli. The activation of AIC elicits aversive emotion and exacerbates pruritogen-induced itch sensation and aversion. Mechanistically, AIC excitatory neurons project to the GABAergic neurons in the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST). Manipulating the activity of the AIC → dBNST pathway affects both itch sensation and itch-induced aversion. Our study discovers the shared neural circuit (AIC → dBNST pathway) underlying the itch sensation and aversion, highlights the critical role of the AIC as a central hub for the itch processing, and provides a framework to understand the neural mechanisms underlying the sensation and emotion interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan Zheng
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Min Zhang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenting Tang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yonglin Li
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengyi Luo
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shunchang Fang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shana Yang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zicheng Wei
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kexin Song
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihan Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Naizhen Shi
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Diyun Xiao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Linyu Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hualin Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lianyan Huang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Boxing Li
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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9
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Oostrom M, Muniak MA, Eichler West RM, Akers S, Pande P, Obiri M, Wang W, Bowyer K, Wu Z, Bramer LM, Mao T, Webb-Robertson BJM. Fine-tuning TrailMap: The utility of transfer learning to improve the performance of deep learning in axon segmentation of light-sheet microscopy images. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293856. [PMID: 38551935 PMCID: PMC10980229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-sheet microscopy has made possible the 3D imaging of both fixed and live biological tissue, with samples as large as the entire mouse brain. However, segmentation and quantification of that data remains a time-consuming manual undertaking. Machine learning methods promise the possibility of automating this process. This study seeks to advance the performance of prior models through optimizing transfer learning. We fine-tuned the existing TrailMap model using expert-labeled data from noradrenergic axonal structures in the mouse brain. By changing the cross-entropy weights and using augmentation, we demonstrate a generally improved adjusted F1-score over using the originally trained TrailMap model within our test datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Oostrom
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Muniak
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Rogene M. Eichler West
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Akers
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Moses Obiri
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kasey Bowyer
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
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10
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Kitchenham L, MacLellan A, Paletta P, Patel A, Choleris E, Mason G. Do housing-induced changes in brain activity cause stereotypic behaviours in laboratory mice? Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114862. [PMID: 38216059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal repetitive stereotypic behaviours (SBs) (e.g. pacing, body-rocking) are common in animals with poor welfare (e.g. socially isolated/in barren housing). But how (or even whether) poor housing alters animals' brains to induce SBs remains uncertain. To date, there is little evidence for environmental effects on the brain that also correlate with individual SB performance. Using female mice from two strains (SB-prone DBA/2s; SB-resistant C57/BL/6s), displaying two forms of SB (route-tracing; bar-mouthing), we investigated how housing (conventional laboratory conditions vs. well-resourced 'enriched' cages) affects long-term neuronal activity as assessed via cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in 13 regions of interest (across cortex, striatum, basal ganglia and thalamus). Conventional housing reduced activity in the cortex and striatum. However, DBA mice had no cortical or striatal differences from C57 mice (just greater basal ganglia output activity, independent of housing). Neural correlates for individual levels of bar-mouthing (positive correlations in the substantia nigra and thalamus) were also independent of housing; while route-tracing levels had no clear neural correlates at all. Thus conventional laboratory housing can suppress cortico-striatal activity, but such changes are unrelated to SB (since not mirrored by congruent individual and strain differences). Furthermore, the neural correlates of SB at individual and strain levels seem to reflect underlying predispositions, not housing-mediated changes. To aid further work, hypothesis-generating model fit analyses highlighted this unexplained housing effect, and also suggested several regions of interest across cortex, striatum, thalamus and substantia nigra for future investigation (ideally with improved power to reduce risks of Type II error).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kitchenham
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare/Dept. of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aileen MacLellan
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare/Dept. of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Council on Animal Care; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa, Dept. of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
| | - Pietro Paletta
- Dept. of Psychology, Neuroscience and Applied Cognitive Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashutosh Patel
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Dept. of Psychology, Neuroscience and Applied Cognitive Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgia Mason
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare/Dept. of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Mukherjee A, Halassa MM. The Associative Thalamus: A Switchboard for Cortical Operations and a Promising Target for Schizophrenia. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:132-147. [PMID: 38279699 PMCID: PMC10822032 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that profoundly perturbs cognitive processing. Despite the success in treating many of its symptoms, the field lacks effective methods to measure and address its impact on reasoning, inference, and decision making. Prefrontal cortical abnormalities have been well documented in schizophrenia, but additional dysfunction in the interactions between the prefrontal cortex and thalamus have recently been described. This dysfunction may be interpreted in light of parallel advances in neural circuit research based on nonhuman animals, which show critical thalamic roles in maintaining and switching prefrontal activity patterns in various cognitive tasks. Here, we review this basic literature and connect it to emerging innovations in clinical research. We highlight the value of focusing on associative thalamic structures not only to better understand the very nature of cognitive processing but also to leverage these circuits for diagnostic and therapeutic development in schizophrenia. We suggest that the time is right for building close bridges between basic thalamic research and its clinical translation, particularly in the domain of cognition and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Halassa
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Jaeckel ER, Herrera YN, Schulz S, Birdsong WT. Chronic Morphine Induces Adaptations in Opioid Receptor Signaling in a Thalamostriatal Circuit That Are Location Dependent, Sex Specific, and Regulated by μ-Opioid Receptor Phosphorylation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0293232023. [PMID: 37985179 PMCID: PMC10860620 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0293-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic opioid exposure induces tolerance to the pain-relieving effects of opioids but sensitization to some other effects. While the occurrence of these adaptations is well understood, the underlying cellular mechanisms are less clear. This study aimed to determine how chronic treatment with morphine, a prototypical opioid agonist, induced adaptations to subsequent morphine signaling in different subcellular contexts. Opioids acutely inhibit glutamatergic transmission from medial thalamic (MThal) inputs to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) via activity at μ-opioid receptors (MORs). MORs are present in somatic and presynaptic compartments of MThal neurons terminating in the DMS. We investigated the effects of chronic morphine treatment on subsequent morphine signaling at MThal-DMS synapses and MThal cell bodies in male and female mice. Surprisingly, chronic morphine treatment increased subsequent morphine inhibition of MThal-DMS synaptic transmission (morphine facilitation) in male, but not female, mice. At MThal cell bodies, chronic morphine treatment decreased subsequent morphine activation of potassium conductance (morphine tolerance) in both male and female mice. In knock-in mice expressing phosphorylation-deficient MORs, chronic morphine treatment resulted in tolerance to, rather than facilitation of, subsequent morphine signaling at MThal-DMS terminals, suggesting phosphorylation deficiency unmasks adaptations that counter the facilitation observed at presynaptic terminals in wild-type mice. The results of this study suggest that the effects of chronic morphine exposure are not ubiquitous; rather adaptations in MOR function may be determined by multiple factors such as subcellular receptor distribution, influence of local circuitry, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Jaeckel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yoani N Herrera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - William T Birdsong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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13
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Özden C, Mautner VF, Farschtschi S, Molwitz I, Ristow I, Bannas P, Well L, Klutmann S, Adam G, Apostolova I, Buchert R. Asymmetry of thalamic hypometabolism on FDG-PET/CT in neurofibromatosis type 1: Association with peripheral tumor burden. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:138-144. [PMID: 37942683 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thalamic hypometabolism is a consistent finding in brain PET with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). However, the pathophysiology of this metabolic alteration is unknown. We hypothesized that it might be secondary to disturbance of peripheral input to the thalamus by NF1-characteristic peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between thalamic FDG uptake and the number, volume, and localization of PNSTs. METHODS This retrospective study included 22 adult NF1 patients (41% women, 36.2 ± 13.0 years) referred to whole-body FDG-PET/contrast-enhanced CT for suspected malignant transformation of PNSTs and 22 sex- and age-matched controls. Brain FDG uptake was scaled voxelwise to the individual median uptake in cerebellar gray matter. Bilateral mean and left-right asymmetry of thalamic FDG uptake were determined using a left-right symmetric anatomical thalamus mask. PNSTs were manually segmented in contrast-enhanced CT. RESULTS Thalamic FDG uptake was reduced in NF1 patients by 2.0 standard deviations (p < .0005) compared to controls. Left-right asymmetry was increased by 1.3 standard deviations (p = .013). Thalamic hypometabolism was higher in NF1 patients with ≥3 PNSTs than in patients with ≤2 PNSTs (2.6 vs. 1.6 standard deviations, p = .032). The impact of the occurrence of paraspinal/paravertebral PNSTs and of the mean PNST volume on thalamic FDG uptake did not reach statistical significance (p = .098 and p = .189). Left-right asymmetry of thalamic FDG uptake was not associated with left-right asymmetry of PNST burden (p = .658). CONCLUSIONS This study provides first evidence of left-right asymmetry of thalamic hypometabolism in NF1 and that it might be mediated by NF1-associated peripheral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Özden
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor-Felix Mautner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Said Farschtschi
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inka Ristow
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Well
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Klutmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Oostrom M, Muniak MA, Eichler West RM, Akers S, Pande P, Obiri M, Wang W, Bowyer K, Wu Z, Bramer LM, Mao T, Webb-Robertson BJ. Fine-tuning TrailMap: The utility of transfer learning to improve the performance of deep learning in axon segmentation of light-sheet microscopy images. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563546. [PMID: 37961439 PMCID: PMC10634742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet microscopy has made possible the 3D imaging of both fixed and live biological tissue, with samples as large as the entire mouse brain. However, segmentation and quantification of that data remains a time-consuming manual undertaking. Machine learning methods promise the possibility of automating this process. This study seeks to advance the performance of prior models through optimizing transfer learning. We fine-tuned the existing TrailMap model using expert-labeled data from noradrenergic axonal structures in the mouse brain. By fine-tuning the final two layers of the neural network at a lower learning rate of the TrailMap model, we demonstrate an improved recall and an occasionally improved adjusted F1-score within our test dataset over using the originally trained TrailMap model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Oostrom
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Michael A. Muniak
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | | | - Sarah Akers
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Moses Obiri
- AI & Data Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Kasey Bowyer
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
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15
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Markicevic M, Sturman O, Bohacek J, Rudin M, Zerbi V, Fulcher BD, Wenderoth N. Neuromodulation of striatal D1 cells shapes BOLD fluctuations in anatomically connected thalamic and cortical regions. eLife 2023; 12:e78620. [PMID: 37824184 PMCID: PMC10569790 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain's macroscale dynamics are shaped by underlying microscale mechanisms is a key problem in neuroscience. In animal models, we can now investigate this relationship in unprecedented detail by directly manipulating cellular-level properties while measuring the whole-brain response using resting-state fMRI. Here, we focused on understanding how blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) dynamics, measured within a structurally well-defined striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in mice, are shaped by chemogenetically exciting or inhibiting D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the right dorsomedial caudate putamen (CPdm). We characterize changes in both the BOLD dynamics of individual cortical and subcortical brain areas, and patterns of inter-regional coupling (functional connectivity) between pairs of areas. Using a classification approach based on a large and diverse set of time-series properties, we found that CPdm neuromodulation alters BOLD dynamics within thalamic subregions that project back to dorsomedial striatum. In the cortex, changes in local dynamics were strongest in unimodal regions (which process information from a single sensory modality) and weakened along a hierarchical gradient towards transmodal regions. In contrast, a decrease in functional connectivity was observed only for cortico-striatal connections after D1 excitation. Our results show that targeted cellular-level manipulations affect local BOLD dynamics at the macroscale, such as by making BOLD dynamics more predictable over time by increasing its self-correlation structure. This contributes to ongoing attempts to understand the influence of structure-function relationships in shaping inter-regional communication at subcortical and cortical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Oliver Sturman
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, HEST, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, HEST, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Engineering (STI), EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- CIBM Centre for Biomedical ImagingLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ben D Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)SingaporeSingapore
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16
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Ueta Y, Miyata M. Functional and structural synaptic remodeling mechanisms underlying somatotopic organization and reorganization in the thalamus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105332. [PMID: 37524138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The somatosensory system organizes the topographic representation of body maps, termed somatotopy, at all levels of an ascending hierarchy. Postnatal maturation of somatotopy establishes optimal somatosensation, whereas deafferentation in adults reorganizes somatotopy, which underlies pathological somatosensation, such as phantom pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Here, we focus on the mouse whisker somatosensory thalamus to study how sensory experience shapes the fine topography of afferent connectivity during the critical period and what mechanisms remodel it and drive a large-scale somatotopic reorganization after peripheral nerve injury. We will review our findings that, following peripheral nerve injury in adults, lemniscal afferent synapses onto thalamic neurons are remodeled back to immature configuration, as if the critical period reopens. The remodeling process is initiated with local activation of microglia in the brainstem somatosensory nucleus downstream to injured nerves and heterosynaptically controlled by input from GABAergic and cortical neurons to thalamic neurons. These fruits of thalamic studies complement well-studied cortical mechanisms of somatotopic organization and reorganization and unveil potential intervention points in treating pathological somatosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueta
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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17
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma G, Wang L, Liu Y, Qin M, Fei X, Wu Y, Xu M, Zhang S. A frontal transcallosal inhibition loop mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5213. [PMID: 37626171 PMCID: PMC10457336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric communication through the corpus callosum is required for both sensory and cognitive processes. Impaired transcallosal inhibition causing interhemispheric imbalance is believed to underlie visuospatial bias after frontoparietal cortical damage, but the synaptic circuits involved remain largely unknown. Here, we show that lesions in the mouse anterior cingulate area (ACA) cause severe visuospatial bias mediated by a transcallosal inhibition loop. In a visual-change-detection task, ACA callosal-projection neurons (CPNs) were more active with contralateral visual field changes than with ipsilateral changes. Unilateral CPN inactivation impaired contralateral change detection but improved ipsilateral detection by altering interhemispheric interaction through callosal projections. CPNs strongly activated contralateral parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons, and callosal-input-driven PV+ neurons preferentially inhibited ipsilateral CPNs, thus mediating transcallosal inhibition. Unilateral PV+ neuron activation caused a similar behavioral bias to contralateral CPN activation and ipsilateral CPN inactivation, and bilateral PV+ neuron activation eliminated this bias. Notably, restoring interhemispheric balance by activating contralesional PV+ neurons significantly improved contralesional detection in ACA-lesioned animals. Thus, a frontal transcallosal inhibition loop comprising CPNs and callosal-input-driven PV+ neurons mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing, and enhancing contralesional transcallosal inhibition restores interhemispheric balance while also reversing lesion-induced bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaonan Chen
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guofen Ma
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meiling Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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18
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Swanson OK, Yevoo PE, Richard D, Maffei A. Altered Thalamocortical Signaling in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6021-6034. [PMID: 37527923 PMCID: PMC10451150 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2871-20.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the primary motor cortex (M1) is important for the execution of skilled movements and motor learning, and its dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). A well-accepted idea in PD research, albeit not tested experimentally, is that the loss of midbrain dopamine leads to decreased activation of M1 by the motor thalamus. Here, we report that midbrain dopamine loss altered motor thalamus input in a laminar- and cell type-specific fashion and induced laminar-specific changes in intracortical synaptic transmission. Frequency-dependent changes in synaptic dynamics were also observed. Our results demonstrate that loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons alters thalamocortical activation of M1 in both male and female mice, and provide novel insights into circuit mechanisms for motor cortex dysfunction in a mouse model of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss of midbrain dopamine neurons increases inhibition from the basal ganglia to the motor thalamus, suggesting that it may ultimately lead to reduced activation of primary motor cortex (M1). In contrast with this line of thinking, analysis of M1 activity in patients and animal models of Parkinson's disease report hyperactivation of this region. Our results are the first report that midbrain dopamine loss alters the input-output function of M1 through laminar and cell type specific effects. These findings support and expand on the idea that loss of midbrain dopamine reduces motor cortex activation and provide experimental evidence that reconciles reduced thalamocortical input with reports of altered activation of motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Swanson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Priscilla E Yevoo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Dave Richard
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Arianna Maffei
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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19
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Arefin TM, Lee CH, Liang Z, Rallapalli H, Wadghiri YZ, Turnbull DH, Zhang J. Towards reliable reconstruction of the mouse brain corticothalamic connectivity using diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120111. [PMID: 37060936 PMCID: PMC10149621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography has yielded intriguing insights into brain circuits and their relationship to behavior in response to gene mutations or neurological diseases across a number of species. Still, existing tractography approaches suffer from limited sensitivity and specificity, leading to uncertain interpretation of the reconstructed connections. Hence, in this study, we aimed to optimize the imaging and computational pipeline to achieve the best possible spatial overlaps between the tractography and tracer-based axonal projection maps within the mouse brain corticothalamic network. We developed a dMRI-based atlas of the mouse forebrain with structural labels imported from the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas (AMBA). Using the atlas and dMRI tractography, we first reconstructed detailed node-to-node mouse brain corticothalamic structural connectivity matrices using different imaging and tractography parameters. We then investigated the effects of each condition for accurate reconstruction of the corticothalamic projections by quantifying the similarities between the tractography and the tracer data from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (AMBCA). Our results suggest that these parameters significantly affect tractography outcomes and our atlas can be used to investigate macroscopic structural connectivity in the mouse brain. Furthermore, tractography in mouse brain gray matter still face challenges and need improved imaging and tractography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Mahmud Arefin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Choong Heon Lee
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Zifei Liang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Harikrishna Rallapalli
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Youssef Z Wadghiri
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York City, NY, United States.
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20
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Lee C, Côté SL, Raman N, Chaudhary H, Mercado BC, Chen SX. Whole-brain mapping of long-range inputs to the VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons in the primary motor cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1093066. [PMID: 37275468 PMCID: PMC10237295 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1093066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (MOp) is an important site for motor skill learning. Interestingly, neurons in MOp possess reward-related activity, presumably to facilitate reward-based motor learning. While pyramidal neurons (PNs) and different subtypes of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs) in MOp all undergo cell-type specific plastic changes during motor learning, the vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing inhibitory interneurons (VIP-INs) in MOp have been shown to preferentially respond to reward and play a critical role in the early phases of motor learning by triggering local circuit plasticity. To understand how VIP-INs might integrate various streams of information, such as sensory, pre-motor, and reward-related inputs, to regulate local plasticity in MOp, we performed monosynaptic rabies tracing experiments and employed an automated cell counting pipeline to generate a comprehensive map of brain-wide inputs to VIP-INs in MOp. We then compared this input profile to the brain-wide inputs to somatostatin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (SST-INs) and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV-INs) in MOp. We found that while all cell types received major inputs from sensory, motor, and prefrontal cortical regions, as well as from various thalamic nuclei, VIP-INs received more inputs from the orbital frontal cortex (ORB) - a region associated with reinforcement learning and value predictions. Our findings provide insight on how the brain leverages microcircuit motifs by both integrating and partitioning different streams of long-range input to modulate local circuit activity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sandrine L. Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Raman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hritvic Chaudhary
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan C. Mercado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon X. Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Urrutia Desmaison JD, Sala RW, Ayyaz A, Nondhalee P, Popa D, Léna C. Cerebellar control of fear learning via the cerebellar nuclei-Multiple pathways, multiple mechanisms? Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1176668. [PMID: 37229350 PMCID: PMC10203220 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1176668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear learning is mediated by a large network of brain structures and the understanding of their roles and interactions is constantly progressing. There is a multitude of anatomical and behavioral evidence on the interconnection of the cerebellar nuclei to other structures in the fear network. Regarding the cerebellar nuclei, we focus on the coupling of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus to the fear network and the relation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus to the ventral tegmental area. Many of the fear network structures that receive direct projections from the cerebellar nuclei are playing a role in fear expression or in fear learning and fear extinction learning. We propose that the cerebellum, via its projections to the limbic system, acts as a modulator of fear learning and extinction learning, using prediction-error signaling and regulation of fear related thalamo-cortical oscillations.
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22
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Lawn T, Martins D, O'Daly O, Williams S, Howard M, Dipasquale O. The effects of propofol anaesthesia on molecular-enriched networks during resting-state and naturalistic listening. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120018. [PMID: 36935083 PMCID: PMC10410200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Placing a patient in a state of anaesthesia is crucial for modern surgical practice. However, the mechanisms by which anaesthetic drugs, such as propofol, impart their effects on consciousness remain poorly understood. Propofol potentiates GABAergic transmission, which purportedly has direct actions on cortex as well as indirect actions via ascending neuromodulatory systems. Functional imaging studies to date have been limited in their ability to unravel how these effects on neurotransmission impact the system-level dynamics of the brain. Here, we leveraged advances in multi-modal imaging, Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets (REACT), to investigate how different levels of propofol-induced sedation alter neurotransmission-related functional connectivity (FC), both at rest and when individuals are exposed to naturalistic auditory stimulation. Propofol increased GABA-A- and noradrenaline transporter-enriched FC within occipital and somatosensory regions respectively. Additionally, during auditory stimulation, the network related to the dopamine transporter showed reduced FC within bilateral regions of temporal and mid/posterior cingulate cortices, with the right temporal cluster showing an interaction between auditory stimulation and level of consciousness. In bringing together these micro- and macro-scale systems, we provide support for both direct GABAergic and indirect noradrenergic and dopaminergic-related network changes under propofol sedation. Further, we delineate a cognition-related reconfiguration of the dopaminergic network, highlighting the utility of REACT to explore the molecular substrates of consciousness and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lawn
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK.
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
| | - Steve Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Howard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
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23
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Jaeckel ER, Arias-Hervert ER, Perez-Medina AL, Herrera YN, Schulz S, Birdsong WT. Chronic morphine induces adaptations in opioid receptor signaling in a thalamo-cortico-striatal circuit that are projection-dependent, sex-specific and regulated by mu opioid receptor phosphorylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528057. [PMID: 36824766 PMCID: PMC9949156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic opioid exposure induces tolerance to the pain-relieving effects of opioids but sensitization to some other effects. While the occurrence of these adaptations is well-understood, the underlying cellular mechanisms are less clear. This study aimed to determine how chronic treatment with morphine, a prototypical opioid agonist, induced adaptations to subsequent morphine signaling in different subcellular contexts. Opioids acutely inhibit glutamatergic transmission from medial thalamic (MThal) inputs to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) via activity at μ-opioid receptors (MORs). MORs are present in somatic and presynaptic compartments of MThal neurons terminating in both the DMS and ACC. We investigated the effects of chronic morphine treatment on subsequent morphine signaling at MThal-DMS synapses, MThal-ACC synapses, and MThal cell bodies in male and female mice. Surprisingly, chronic morphine treatment increased subsequent morphine inhibition of MThal-DMS synaptic transmission (morphine facilitation), but decreased subsequent morphine inhibition of transmission at MThal-ACC synapses (morphine tolerance) in a sex-specific manner; these adaptations were present in male but not female mice. Additionally, these adaptations were not observed in knockin mice expressing phosphorylation-deficient MORs, suggesting a role of MOR phosphorylation in mediating both facilitation and tolerance to morphine within this circuit. The results of this study suggest that the effects of chronic morphine exposure are not ubiquitous; rather adaptations in MOR function may be determined by multiple factors such as subcellular receptor distribution, influence of local circuitry and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoani N. Herrera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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24
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Day-Cooney J, Dalangin R, Zhong H, Mao T. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neuronal dynamics in vivo. J Neurochem 2023; 164:284-308. [PMID: 35285522 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these neuronal activities with high spatiotemporal resolution in the context of animal behavior is a necessary step to achieve a mechanistic understanding of brain function. With the rapid development and dissemination of highly optimized genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, a growing number of brain activities can now be visualized in vivo. To date, cellular calcium imaging, which has been largely used as a proxy for electrical activity, has become a mainstay in systems neuroscience. While challenges remain, voltage imaging of neural populations is now possible. In addition, it is becoming increasingly practical to image over half a dozen neurotransmitters, as well as certain intracellular signaling and metabolic activities. These new capabilities enable neuroscientists to test previously unattainable hypotheses and questions. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and delivery of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and highlights example applications in the context of in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Day-Cooney
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rochelin Dalangin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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25
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Mukherjee D, Kanold PO. Changing subplate circuits: Early activity dependent circuit plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1067365. [PMID: 36713777 PMCID: PMC9874351 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1067365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early neural activity in the developing sensory system comprises spontaneous bursts of patterned activity, which is fundamental for sculpting and refinement of immature cortical connections. The crude early connections that are initially refined by spontaneous activity, are further elaborated by sensory-driven activity from the periphery such that orderly and mature connections are established for the proper functioning of the cortices. Subplate neurons (SPNs) are one of the first-born mature neurons that are transiently present during early development, the period of heightened activity-dependent plasticity. SPNs are well integrated within the developing sensory cortices. Their structural and functional properties such as relative mature intrinsic membrane properties, heightened connectivity via chemical and electrical synapses, robust activation by neuromodulatory inputs-place them in an ideal position to serve as crucial elements in monitoring and regulating spontaneous endogenous network activity. Moreover, SPNs are the earliest substrates to receive early sensory-driven activity from the periphery and are involved in its modulation, amplification, and transmission before the maturation of the direct adult-like thalamocortical connectivity. Consequently, SPNs are vulnerable to sensory manipulations in the periphery. A broad range of early sensory deprivations alters SPN circuit organization and functions that might be associated with long term neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of SPN function in activity-dependent development during early life and integrate recent findings on the impact of early sensory deprivation on SPNs that could eventually lead to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didhiti Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Patrick O. Kanold ✉
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26
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Chen APF, Malgady JM, Chen L, Shi KW, Cheng E, Plotkin JL, Ge S, Xiong Q. Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway regulates auditory discrimination behavior. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5942. [PMID: 36209150 PMCID: PMC9547888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory striatum, the tail portion of dorsal striatum in basal ganglia, is implicated in perceptual decision-making, transforming auditory stimuli to action outcomes. Despite its known connections to diverse neurological conditions, the dopaminergic modulation of sensory striatal neuronal activity and its behavioral influences remain unknown. We demonstrated that the optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the auditory striatum specifically impairs mouse choice performance but not movement in an auditory frequency discrimination task. In vivo dopamine and calcium imaging in freely behaving mice revealed that this dopaminergic projection modulates striatal tone representations, and tone-evoked striatal dopamine release inversely correlated with the evidence strength of tones. Optogenetic inhibition of D1-receptor expressing neurons and pharmacological inhibition of D1 receptors in the auditory striatum dampened choice performance accuracy. Our study uncovers a phasic mechanism within the nigrostriatal system that regulates auditory decisions by modulating ongoing auditory perception. The auditory striatum, the tail portion of dorsal striatum, is implicated in decision-making. This study uncovers a phasic mechanism within the nigrostriatal system that regulates auditory decisions by modulating ongoing auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen P F Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Malgady
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Kaiyo W Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Eileen Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Joshua L Plotkin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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27
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Lv Q, Zhang J, Pan Y, Liu X, Miao L, Peng J, Song L, Zou Y, Chen X. Somatosensory Deficits After Stroke: Insights From MRI Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:891283. [PMID: 35911919 PMCID: PMC9328992 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.891283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory deficits after stroke are a major health problem, which can impair patients' health status and quality of life. With the developments in human brain mapping techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), many studies have applied those techniques to unravel neural substrates linked to apoplexy sequelae. Multi-parametric MRI is a vital method for the measurement of stroke and has been applied to diagnose stroke severity, predict outcome and visualize changes in activation patterns during stroke recovery. However, relatively little is known about the somatosensory deficits after stroke and their recovery. This review aims to highlight the utility and importance of MRI techniques in the field of somatosensory deficits and synthesizes corresponding articles to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and recovery of somatosensory symptoms. Here, we start by reviewing the anatomic and functional features of the somatosensory system. And then, we provide a discussion of MRI techniques and analysis methods. Meanwhile, we present the application of those techniques and methods in clinical studies, focusing on recent research advances and the potential for clinical translation. Finally, we identify some limitations and open questions of current imaging studies that need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Lv
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junning Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Pan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihuai Zou
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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28
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Wu YT, Bennett HC, Chon U, Vanselow DJ, Zhang Q, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Cheng KC, Osten P, Drew PJ, Kim Y. Quantitative relationship between cerebrovascular network and neuronal cell types in mice. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110978. [PMID: 35732133 PMCID: PMC9271215 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebrovasculature and its mural cells must meet brain regional energy demands, but how their spatial relationship with different neuronal cell types varies across the brain remains largely unknown. Here we apply brain-wide mapping methods to comprehensively define the quantitative relationships between the cerebrovasculature, capillary pericytes, and glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive (nNOS+) neurons and their subtypes in adult mice. Our results show high densities of vasculature with high fluid conductance and capillary pericytes in primary motor sensory cortices compared with association cortices that show significant positive and negative correlations with energy-demanding parvalbumin+ and vasomotor nNOS+ neurons, respectively. Thalamo-striatal areas that are connected to primary motor sensory cortices also show high densities of vasculature and pericytes, suggesting dense energy support for motor sensory processing areas. Our cellular-resolution resource offers opportunities to examine spatial relationships between the cerebrovascular network and neuronal cell composition in largely understudied subcortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting Wu
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Hannah C Bennett
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Daniel J Vanselow
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Keith C Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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29
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Sanganahalli BG, Thompson GJ, Parent M, Verhagen JV, Blumenfeld H, Herman P, Hyder F. Thalamic activations in rat brain by fMRI during tactile (forepaw, whisker) and non-tactile (visual, olfactory) sensory stimulations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267916. [PMID: 35522646 PMCID: PMC9075615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is a crucial subcortical hub that impacts cortical activity. Tracing experiments in animals and post-mortem humans suggest rich morphological specificity of the thalamus. Very few studies reported rodent thalamic activations by functional MRI (fMRI) as compared to cortical activations for different sensory stimuli. Here, we show different portions of the rat thalamus in response to tactile (forepaw, whisker) and non-tactile (visual, olfactory) sensory stimuli with high field fMRI (11.7T) using a custom-build quadrature surface coil to capture high sensitivity signals from superficial and deep brain regions simultaneously. Results demonstrate reproducible thalamic activations during both tactile and non-tactile stimuli. Forepaw and whisker stimuli activated broader regions within the thalamus: ventral posterior lateral (VPL), ventral posterior medial (VPM), lateral posterior mediorostral (LPMR) and posterior medial (POm) thalamic nuclei. Visual stimuli activated dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) of the thalamus but also parts of the superior/inferior colliculus, whereas olfactory stimuli activated specifically the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MDT). BOLD activations in LGN and MDT were much stronger than in VPL, VPM, LPMR and POm. These fMRI-based thalamic activations suggest that forepaw and whisker (i.e., tactile) stimuli engage VPL, VPM, LPMR and POm whereas visual and olfactory (i.e., non-tactile) stimuli, respectively, recruit DLG and MDT exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,* E-mail: (BGS); (FH)
| | - Garth J. Thompson
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maxime Parent
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Justus V. Verhagen
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Peter Herman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America,* E-mail: (BGS); (FH)
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30
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Bennett HC, Kim Y. Advances in studying whole mouse brain vasculature using high-resolution 3D light microscopy imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021902. [PMID: 35402638 PMCID: PMC8983067 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The cerebrovasculature has become increasingly recognized as a major player in overall brain health and many brain disorders. Although there have been several landmark studies to understand details of these crucially important structures in an anatomically defined area, brain-wide examination of the whole cerebrovasculature, including microvessels, has been challenging. However, emerging techniques, including tissue processing and three-dimensional (3D) microscopy imaging, enable neuroscientists to examine the total vasculature in the entire mouse brain. Aim: Here, we aim to highlight advances in these high-resolution 3D mapping methods including block-face imaging and light sheet fluorescent microscopy. Approach: We summarize latest mapping tools to understand detailed anatomical arrangement of the cerebrovascular network and the organizing principles of the neurovascular unit (NVU) as a whole. Results: We discuss biological insights gained from studies using these imaging methods and how these tools can be used to advance our understanding of the cerebrovascular network and related cell types in the entire brain. Conclusions: This review article will help to understand recent advance in high-resolution NVU mapping in mice and provide perspective on future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Bennett
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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31
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Dong H, Chen ZK, Guo H, Yuan XS, Liu CW, Qu WM, Huang ZL. Striatal neurons expressing dopamine D 1 receptor promote wakefulness in mice. Curr Biol 2022; 32:600-613.e4. [PMID: 35021048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from severe sleep disorders. Pathophysiology of the basal ganglia (BG) underlies PD, and the dorsal striatum represents the major input pathway of the BG. However, the roles and mechanisms of the dorsal striatum in controlling sleep-wake cycles remain unknown. To demonstrate the contribution of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-positive neurons within the dorsal striatum in promoting wakefulness, we combined optogenetic manipulations and fiber photometry with electroencephalography/electromyography recording in D1R-Cre mice. As a result, optogenetic activation of striatal D1R neurons induced immediate transitions from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep to wakefulness, whereas inhibition of striatal D1R neurons attenuated wakefulness by chemogenetics. Multi-channel fiber photometry recordings revealed that the activity of striatal D1R neurons synchronized with that of BG upstreams, namely the prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus, in terms of immediate increase in activity during NREM-to-wake transitions and rapid decease during wake-to-NREM transitions. Further optogenetic manipulations revealed a prominent contribution of striatal D1R neurons in control of wakefulness by upstream, corticostriatal, thalamostriatal, and nigrostriatal projections and via downstream, striato-entopeduncular, or striatonigral pathways. Taken together, our findings revealed a circuit regulating wakefulness through striatal D1R neurons. Striatal D1R neurons play an important role in controlling wakefulness by integrating the corticostriatal, thalamostriatal, and nigrostriatal projections and innervation of striato-entopeduncular or striatonigral pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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32
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Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109721. [PMID: 34551311 PMCID: PMC8506234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar outputs take polysynaptic routes to reach the rest of the brain, impeding conventional tracing. Here, we quantify pathways between the cerebellum and forebrain by using transsynaptic tracing viruses and a whole-brain analysis pipeline. With retrograde tracing, we find that most descending paths originate from the somatomotor cortex. Anterograde tracing of ascending paths encompasses most thalamic nuclei, especially ventral posteromedial, lateral posterior, mediodorsal, and reticular nuclei. In the neocortex, sensorimotor regions contain the most labeled neurons, but we find higher densities in associative areas, including orbital, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex. Patterns of ascending expression correlate with c-Fos expression after optogenetic inhibition of Purkinje cells. Our results reveal homologous networks linking single areas of the cerebellar cortex to diverse forebrain targets. We conclude that shared areas of the cerebellum are positioned to provide sensory-motor information to regions implicated in both movement and nonmotor function. Pisano et al. use transsynaptic tracing and whole-brain light-sheet microscopy to quantitatively map cerebellar paths to and from the forebrain, including relatively dense projections to the prefrontal neocortex. Divergence of paths from single injection sites suggests that a single cerebellar region can influence multiple thalamic and neocortical targets at once.
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33
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Dacre J, Colligan M, Clarke T, Ammer JJ, Schiemann J, Chamosa-Pino V, Claudi F, Harston JA, Eleftheriou C, Pakan JMP, Huang CC, Hantman AW, Rochefort NL, Duguid I. A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation. Neuron 2021; 109:2326-2338.e8. [PMID: 34146469 PMCID: PMC8315304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Executing learned motor behaviors often requires the transformation of sensory cues into patterns of motor commands that generate appropriately timed actions. The cerebellum and thalamus are two key areas involved in shaping cortical output and movement, but the contribution of a cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway to voluntary movement initiation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an auditory "go cue" transforms thalamocortical activity patterns and how these changes relate to movement initiation. Population responses in dentate/interpositus-recipient regions of motor thalamus reflect a time-locked increase in activity immediately prior to movement initiation that is temporally uncoupled from the go cue, indicative of a fixed-latency feedforward motor timing signal. Blocking cerebellar or motor thalamic output suppresses movement initiation, while stimulation triggers movements in a behavioral context-dependent manner. Our findings show how cerebellar output, via the thalamus, shapes cortical activity patterns necessary for learned context-dependent movement initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Dacre
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matt Colligan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Clarke
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julian J Ammer
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julia Schiemann
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victor Chamosa-Pino
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federico Claudi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Alex Harston
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Constantinos Eleftheriou
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Nathalie L Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Duguid
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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34
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Yook JS, Kim J, Kim J. Convergence Circuit Mapping: Genetic Approaches From Structure to Function. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:688673. [PMID: 34234652 PMCID: PMC8255632 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.688673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex neural circuits that underpin brain function and behavior has been a long-standing goal of neuroscience. Yet this is no small feat considering the interconnectedness of neurons and other cell types, both within and across brain regions. In this review, we describe recent advances in mouse molecular genetic engineering that can be used to integrate information on brain activity and structure at regional, cellular, and subcellular levels. The convergence of structural inputs can be mapped throughout the brain in a cell type-specific manner by antero- and retrograde viral systems expressing various fluorescent proteins and genetic switches. Furthermore, neural activity can be manipulated using opto- and chemo-genetic tools to interrogate the functional significance of this input convergence. Monitoring neuronal activity is obtained with precise spatiotemporal resolution using genetically encoded sensors for calcium changes and specific neurotransmitters. Combining these genetically engineered mapping tools is a compelling approach for unraveling the structural and functional brain architecture of complex behaviors and malfunctioned states of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Soo Yook
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Kim GS, Stephenson JM, Al Mamun A, Wu T, Goss MG, Min JW, Li J, Liu F, Marrelli SP. Determining the effect of aging, recovery time, and post-stroke memantine treatment on delayed thalamic gliosis after cortical infarct. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12613. [PMID: 34131204 PMCID: PMC8206333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary injury following cortical stroke includes delayed gliosis and eventual neuronal loss in the thalamus. However, the effects of aging and the potential to ameliorate this gliosis with NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonism are not established. We used the permanent distal middle cerebral artery stroke model (pdMCAO) to examine secondary thalamic injury in young and aged mice. At 3 days post-stroke (PSD3), slight microgliosis (IBA-1) and astrogliosis (GFAP) was evident in thalamus, but no infarct. Gliosis increased dramatically through PSD14, at which point degenerating neurons were detected. Flow cytometry demonstrated a significant increase in CD11b+/CD45int microglia (MG) in the ipsilateral thalamus at PSD14. CCR2-RFP reporter mouse further demonstrated that influx of peripheral monocytes contributed to the MG/Mϕ population. Aged mice demonstrated reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis compared with young mice. Interestingly, astrogliosis demonstrated glial scar-like characteristics at two years post-stroke, but not by 6 weeks. Lastly, treatment with memantine (NMDAR antagonist) at 4 and 24 h after stroke significantly reduced gliosis at PSD14. These findings expand our understanding of gliosis in the thalamus following cortical stroke and demonstrate age-dependency of this secondary injury. Additionally, these findings indicate that delayed treatment with memantine (an FDA approved drug) provides significant reduction in thalamic gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gab Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jessica M Stephenson
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Monica G Goss
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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36
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Villalba RM, Behnke JA, Pare JF, Smith Y. Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3408-3425. [PMID: 33676368 PMCID: PMC8599722 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II-III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II-III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential thalamic denervation of deep cortical layers in parkinsonism. There was a significant difference in the pattern of synaptic connectivity in layers II-III, but not in layer Vb, between M1 and SMA of control monkeys. However, this difference was abolished in parkinsonian animals. No major difference was found in the proportion of perforated versus macular post-synaptic densities at thalamocortical synapses between control and parkinsonian monkeys in both cortical regions, except for a slight increase in the prevalence of perforated axo-dendritic synapses in the SMA of parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings suggest that disruption of the thalamic innervation of M1 and SMA may underlie pathophysiological changes of the motor thalamocortical loop in the state of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph A Behnke
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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37
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Zhong H, Ceballos CC, Massengill CI, Muniak MA, Ma L, Qin M, Petrie SK, Mao T. High-fidelity, efficient, and reversible labeling of endogenous proteins using CRISPR-based designer exon insertion. eLife 2021; 10:64911. [PMID: 34100715 PMCID: PMC8211447 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise and efficient insertion of large DNA fragments into somatic cells using gene editing technologies to label or modify endogenous proteins remains challenging. Non-specific insertions/deletions (INDELs) resulting from the non-homologous end joining pathway make the process error-prone. Further, the insert is not readily removable. Here, we describe a method called CRISPR-mediated insertion of exon (CRISPIE) that can precisely and reversibly label endogenous proteins using CRISPR/Cas9-based editing. CRISPIE inserts a designer donor module, which consists of an exon encoding the protein sequence flanked by intron sequences, into an intronic location in the target gene. INDELs at the insertion junction will be spliced out, leaving mRNAs nearly error-free. We used CRISPIE to fluorescently label endogenous proteins in mammalian neurons in vivo with previously unachieved efficiency. We demonstrate that this method is broadly applicable, and that the insert can be readily removed later. CRISPIE permits protein sequence insertion with high fidelity, efficiency, and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Cesar C Ceballos
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | | | - Michael A Muniak
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Lei Ma
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Stefanie Kaech Petrie
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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38
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Wiring of higher-order cortical areas: Spatiotemporal development of cortical hierarchy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:35-49. [PMID: 34034988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchical development of cortical areas was suggested over a century ago, but the diversity and complexity of cortical hierarchy properties have so far prevented a formal demonstration. The aim of this review is to clarify the similarities and differences in the developmental processes underlying cortical development of primary and higher-order areas. We start by recapitulating the historical and recent advances underlying the biological principle of cortical hierarchy in adults. We then revisit the arguments for a hierarchical maturation of cortical areas, and further integrate the principles of cortical areas specification during embryonic and postnatal development. We highlight how the dramatic expansion in cortical size might have contributed to the increased number of association areas sustaining cognitive complexification in evolution. Finally, we summarize the recent observations of an alteration of cortical hierarchy in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss their potential developmental origins.
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39
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Untangling the cortico-thalamo-cortical loop: cellular pieces of a knotty circuit puzzle. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:389-406. [PMID: 33958775 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functions of the neocortex depend on its bidirectional communication with the thalamus, via cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loops. Recent work dissecting the synaptic connectivity in these loops is generating a clearer picture of their cellular organization. Here, we review findings across sensory, motor and cognitive areas, focusing on patterns of cell type-specific synaptic connections between the major types of cortical and thalamic neurons. We outline simple and complex CTC loops, and note features of these loops that appear to be general versus specialized. CTC loops are tightly interlinked with local cortical and corticocortical (CC) circuits, forming extended chains of loops that are probably critical for communication across hierarchically organized cerebral networks. Such CTC-CC loop chains appear to constitute a modular unit of organization, serving as scaffolding for area-specific structural and functional modifications. Inhibitory neurons and circuits are embedded throughout CTC loops, shaping the flow of excitation. We consider recent findings in the context of established CTC and CC circuit models, and highlight current efforts to pinpoint cell type-specific mechanisms in CTC loops involved in consciousness and perception. As pieces of the connectivity puzzle fall increasingly into place, this knowledge can guide further efforts to understand structure-function relationships in CTC loops.
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40
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Ma G, Liu Y, Wang L, Xiao Z, Song K, Wang Y, Peng W, Liu X, Wang Z, Jin S, Tao Z, Li CT, Xu T, Xu F, Xu M, Zhang S. Hierarchy in sensory processing reflected by innervation balance on cortical interneurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/20/eabf5676. [PMID: 33990327 PMCID: PMC8121429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sensory processing is subjected to modulation by behavioral contexts that are often mediated by long-range inputs to cortical interneurons, but their selectivity to different types of interneurons remains largely unknown. Using rabies-virus tracing and optogenetics-assisted recording, we analyzed the long-range connections to various brain regions along the hierarchy of visual processing, including primary visual cortex, medial association cortices, and frontal cortices. We found that hierarchical corticocortical and thalamocortical connectivity is reflected by the relative weights of inputs to parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive (VIP+) neurons within the conserved local circuit motif, with bottom-up and top-down inputs preferring PV+ and VIP+ neurons, respectively. Our algorithms based on innervation weights for these two types of local interneurons generated testable predictions of the hierarchical position of many brain areas. These results support the notion that preferential long-range inputs to specific local interneurons are essential for the hierarchical information flow in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofen Ma
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhongyi Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kun Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wanling Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sen Jin
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi Tao
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chengyu T Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
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41
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Le Merre P, Ährlund-Richter S, Carlén M. The mouse prefrontal cortex: Unity in diversity. Neuron 2021; 109:1925-1944. [PMID: 33894133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to constitute the highest stage of neural integration and to be devoted to representation and production of actions. Studies in primates have laid the foundation for theories regarding the principles of prefrontal function and provided mechanistic insights. The recent surge of studies of the PFC in mice holds promise for evolvement of present theories and development of novel concepts, particularly regarding principles shared across mammals. Here we review recent empirical work on the mouse PFC capitalizing on the experimental toolbox currently privileged to studies in this species. We conclude that this line of research has revealed cellular and structural distinctions of the PFC and neuronal activity with direct relevance to theories regarding the functions of the PFC. We foresee that data-rich mouse studies will be key to shed light on the general prefrontal architecture and mechanisms underlying cognitive aspects of organized actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Merre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Carlén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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42
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Leong ATL, Wang X, Wong EC, Dong CM, Wu EX. Neural activity temporal pattern dictates long-range propagation targets. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118032. [PMID: 33836268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain possesses a complex spatiotemporal architecture for efficient information processing and computing. However, it remains unknown how neural signal propagates to its intended targets brain-wide. Using optogenetics and functional MRI, we arbitrarily initiated various discrete neural activity pulse trains with different temporal patterns and revealed their distinct long-range propagation targets within the well-defined, topographically organized somatosensory thalamo-cortical circuit. We further observed that such neural activity propagation over long range could modulate brain-wide sensory functions. Electrophysiological analysis indicated that distinct propagation pathways arose from system level neural adaptation and facilitation in response to the neural activity temporal characteristics. Together, our findings provide fundamental insights into the long-range information transfer and processing. They directly support that temporal coding underpins the whole brain functional architecture in presence of the vast and relatively static anatomical architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T L Leong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xunda Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eddie C Wong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Celia M Dong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ed X Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
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43
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Lovinger DM, Gremel CM. A Circuit-Based Information Approach to Substance Abuse Research. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:122-135. [PMID: 33168235 PMCID: PMC7856012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal research on substance-use disorders (SUDs) has emphasized learning models and the identification of 'addiction-prone' animals. Meanwhile, basic neuroscientific research has elucidated molecular, cellular, and circuit functions with increasing sophistication. However, SUD-related research is hampered by continued arguments over which animal models are more 'addiction like', as well as the facile assignment of behaviors to a given brain region and vice versa. We argue that SUD-related research would benefit from a 'bottom-up' approach including: (i) the characterization of different brain circuits to understand their normal function as well as how they respond to drugs and contribute to SUDs; and (ii) a focus on the use patterns and neurobiological effects of different substances to understand the range of critical SUD-related in vivo phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina M Gremel
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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44
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Jager P, Moore G, Calpin P, Durmishi X, Salgarella I, Menage L, Kita Y, Wang Y, Kim DW, Blackshaw S, Schultz SR, Brickley S, Shimogori T, Delogu A. Dual midbrain and forebrain origins of thalamic inhibitory interneurons. eLife 2021; 10:e59272. [PMID: 33522480 PMCID: PMC7906600 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of inhibitory interneurons in the thalamus of primates contrasts with the sparsity of interneurons reported in mice. Here, we identify a larger than expected complexity and distribution of interneurons across the mouse thalamus, where all thalamic interneurons can be traced back to two developmental programmes: one specified in the midbrain and the other in the forebrain. Interneurons migrate to functionally distinct thalamocortical nuclei depending on their origin: the abundant, midbrain-derived class populates the first and higher order sensory thalamus while the rarer, forebrain-generated class is restricted to some higher order associative regions. We also observe that markers for the midbrain-born class are abundantly expressed throughout the thalamus of the New World monkey marmoset. These data therefore reveal that, despite the broad variability in interneuron density across mammalian species, the blueprint of the ontogenetic organisation of thalamic interneurons of larger-brained mammals exists and can be studied in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Jager
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerald Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Padraic Calpin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xhuljana Durmishi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Irene Salgarella
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucy Menage
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Yan Wang
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science (CBS)SaitamaJapan
| | - Dong Won Kim
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Simon R Schultz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brickley
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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45
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Yang JH, Kwan AC. Secondary motor cortex: Broadcasting and biasing animal's decisions through long-range circuits. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 158:443-470. [PMID: 33785155 PMCID: PMC8190828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medial secondary motor cortex (MOs or M2) constitutes the dorsal aspect of the rodent medial frontal cortex. We previously proposed that the function of MOs is to link antecedent conditions, including sensory stimuli and prior choices, to impending actions. In this review, we focus on the long-range pathways between MOs and other cortical and subcortical regions. We highlight three circuits: (1) connections with visual and auditory cortices that are essential for predictive coding of perceptual inputs; (2) connections with motor cortex and brainstem that are responsible for top-down, context-dependent modulation of movements; (3) connections with retrosplenial cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and basal ganglia that facilitate reward-based learning. Together, these long-range circuits allow MOs to broadcast choice signals for feedback and to bias decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hau Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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46
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Wang Q, Meng L, Pang J, Zhu X, Ming D. Characterization of EEG Data Revealing Relationships With Cognitive and Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:587396. [PMID: 33240076 PMCID: PMC7683572 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.587396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research regards the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a promising method to study real-time brain dynamic changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but a deeper understanding is needed to discern coincident pathophysiology, patterns of changes, and diagnosis. This review summarized recent research on EEG characterization related to the cognitive and motor functions in PD patients and discussed its potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Thirty papers out of 220 published from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. Movement abnormalities and cognitive decline are related to changes in EEG spectrum and event-related potentials (ERPs) during typical oddball paradigms and/or combined motor tasks. Abnormalities in β and δ frequency bands are, respectively the main manifestation of dyskinesia and cognitive decline in PD. The review showed that PD patients have noteworthy changes in specific EEG characterizations, however, the underlying mechanism of the interrelation between gait and cognitive is still unclear. Understanding the specific nature of the relationship is essential for development of novel invasive clinical diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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47
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Vesuna S, Kauvar IV, Richman E, Gore F, Oskotsky T, Sava-Segal C, Luo L, Malenka RC, Henderson JM, Nuyujukian P, Parvizi J, Deisseroth K. Deep posteromedial cortical rhythm in dissociation. Nature 2020; 586:87-94. [PMID: 32939091 PMCID: PMC7553818 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced imaging methods now allow cell-type-specific recording of neural activity across the mammalian brain, potentially enabling the exploration of how brain-wide dynamical patterns give rise to complex behavioural states1-12. Dissociation is an altered behavioural state in which the integrity of experience is disrupted, resulting in reproducible cognitive phenomena including the dissociation of stimulus detection from stimulus-related affective responses. Dissociation can occur as a result of trauma, epilepsy or dissociative drug use13,14, but despite its substantial basic and clinical importance, the underlying neurophysiology of this state is unknown. Here we establish such a dissociation-like state in mice, induced by precisely-dosed administration of ketamine or phencyclidine. Large-scale imaging of neural activity revealed that these dissociative agents elicited a 1-3-Hz rhythm in layer 5 neurons of the retrosplenial cortex. Electrophysiological recording with four simultaneously deployed high-density probes revealed rhythmic coupling of the retrosplenial cortex with anatomically connected components of thalamus circuitry, but uncoupling from most other brain regions was observed-including a notable inverse correlation with frontally projecting thalamic nuclei. In testing for causal significance, we found that rhythmic optogenetic activation of retrosplenial cortex layer 5 neurons recapitulated dissociation-like behavioural effects. Local retrosplenial hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1 (HCN1) pacemakers were required for systemic ketamine to induce this rhythm and to elicit dissociation-like behavioural effects. In a patient with focal epilepsy, simultaneous intracranial stereoencephalography recordings from across the brain revealed a similarly localized rhythm in the homologous deep posteromedial cortex that was temporally correlated with pre-seizure self-reported dissociation, and local brief electrical stimulation of this region elicited dissociative experiences. These results identify the molecular, cellular and physiological properties of a conserved deep posteromedial cortical rhythm that underlies states of dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vesuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isaac V Kauvar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Richman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Felicity Gore
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clara Sava-Segal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Nuyujukian
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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48
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Gehrlach DA, Weiand C, Gaitanos TN, Cho E, Klein AS, Hennrich AA, Conzelmann KK, Gogolla N. A whole-brain connectivity map of mouse insular cortex. eLife 2020; 9:e55585. [PMID: 32940600 PMCID: PMC7538160 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) plays key roles in emotional and regulatory brain functions and is affected across psychiatric diseases. However, the brain-wide connections of the mouse IC have not been comprehensively mapped. Here, we traced the whole-brain inputs and outputs of the mouse IC across its rostro-caudal extent. We employed cell-type-specific monosynaptic rabies virus tracings to characterize afferent connections onto either excitatory or inhibitory IC neurons, and adeno-associated viral tracings to label excitatory efferent axons. While the connectivity between the IC and other cortical regions was highly bidirectional, the IC connectivity with subcortical structures was often unidirectional, revealing prominent cortical-to-subcortical or subcortical-to-cortical pathways. The posterior and medial IC exhibited resembling connectivity patterns, while the anterior IC connectivity was distinct, suggesting two major functional compartments. Our results provide insights into the anatomical architecture of the mouse IC and thus a structural basis to guide investigations into its complex functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gehrlach
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Circuits for Emotion Research GroupMartinsriedGermany
- International Max-Planck Research School for Molecular Life SciencesMunichGermany
| | - Caroline Weiand
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Circuits for Emotion Research GroupMartinsriedGermany
- International Max-Planck Research School for Translational PsychiatryMunichGermany
| | - Thomas N Gaitanos
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Circuits for Emotion Research GroupMartinsriedGermany
| | - Eunjae Cho
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Circuits for Emotion Research GroupMartinsriedGermany
| | - Alexandra S Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Circuits for Emotion Research GroupMartinsriedGermany
- International Max-Planck Research School for Molecular Life SciencesMunichGermany
| | - Alexandru A Hennrich
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nadine Gogolla
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Circuits for Emotion Research GroupMartinsriedGermany
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Mamaligas AA, Barcomb K, Ford CP. Cholinergic Transmission at Muscarinic Synapses in the Striatum Is Driven Equally by Cortical and Thalamic Inputs. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1003-1014.e3. [PMID: 31340139 PMCID: PMC6830446 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of acetylcholine from cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) directly modulates striatal output via muscarinic receptors on medium spiny neurons (MSNs). While thalamic inputs provide strong excitatory input to ChIs, cortical inputs primarily regulate MSN firing. Here, we found that, while thalamic inputs do drive ChI firing, a subset of ChIs responds robustly to stimulation of cortical inputs as well. To examine how input-evoked changes in ChI firing patterns drive acetylcholine release at cholinergic synapses onto MSNs, muscarinic M4-receptor-mediated synaptic events were measured in MSNs overexpressing G-protein gated potassium channels (GlRK2). Stimulation of both cortical and thalamic inputs was sufficient to equally drive muscarinic synaptic events in MSNs, resulting from the broad synaptic innervation of the stimulus-activated ChI population across many MSNs. Taken together, this indicates an underappreciated role for the extensive cholinergic network, in which small populations of ChIs can drive substantial changes in post-synaptic receptor activity across the striatum. Mamaligas et al. find that, while cortical inputs were previously thought to provide weak input to striatal cholinergic interneurons, they can drive firing in a subset of cells. As a result of the broad connectivity of cholinergic cells, cortical and thalamic inputs equally drive synaptic acetylcholine release onto MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphroditi A Mamaligas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelsey Barcomb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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50
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Huo Y, Chen H, Guo ZV. Mapping Functional Connectivity from the Dorsal Cortex to the Thalamus. Neuron 2020; 107:1080-1094.e5. [PMID: 32702287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural activity in the corticothalamic network is crucial for sensation, memory, decision, and action. Nevertheless, a systematic characterization of corticothalamic functional connectivity has not been achieved. Here, we developed a high throughput method to systematically map functional connections from the dorsal cortex to the thalamus in awake mice by combing optogenetic inactivation with multi-channel recording. Cortical inactivation resulted in a rapid reduction of thalamic activity, revealing topographically organized corticothalamic excitatory inputs. Cluster analysis showed that groups of neurons within individual thalamic nuclei exhibited distinct dynamics. The effects of inactivation evolved with time and were modulated by behavioral states. Furthermore, we found that a subset of thalamic neurons received convergent inputs from widespread cortical regions. Our results present a framework for collecting, analyzing, and presenting large electrophysiological datasets with region-specific optogenetic perturbations and serve as a foundation for further investigation of information processing in the corticothalamic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Han Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zengcai V Guo
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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