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Metaireau M, Osiurak F, Seye A, Lesourd M. The neural correlates of limb apraxia: An anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis of lesion-symptom mapping studies in brain-damaged patients. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105720. [PMID: 38754714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Limb apraxia is a motor disorder frequently observed following a stroke. Apraxic deficits are classically assessed with four tasks: tool use, pantomime of tool use, imitation, and gesture understanding. These tasks are supported by several cognitive processes represented in a left-lateralized brain network including inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC). For the past twenty years, voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have been used to unravel the neural correlates associated with apraxia, but none of them has proposed a comprehensive view of the topic. In the present work, we proposed to fill this gap by performing a systematic Anatomic Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of VLSM studies which included tasks traditionally used to assess apraxia. We found that the IPL was crucial for all the tasks. Moreover, lesions within the LOTC were more associated with imitation deficits than tool use or pantomime, confirming its important role in higher visual processing. Our results questioned traditional neurocognitive models on apraxia and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Metaireau
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322, LINC, Besançon F-25000, France; Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement (UAR 3124), Besançon, France.
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Arthur Seye
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Lesourd
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322, LINC, Besançon F-25000, France; Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement (UAR 3124), Besançon, France; Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire, CHU Besançon, France.
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2
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Ambron E, Garcea FE, Cason S, Medina J, Detre JA, Coslett HB. The influence of hand posture on tactile processing: Evidence from a 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cortex 2024; 173:138-149. [PMID: 38394974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although behavioral evidence has shown that postural changes influence the ability to localize or detect tactile stimuli, little is known regarding the brain areas that modulate these effects. This 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study explores the effects of touch of the hand as a function of hand location (right or left side of the body) and hand configuration (open or closed). We predicted that changes in hand configuration would be represented in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the anterior intraparietal area (aIPS), whereas change in position of the hand would be associated with alterations in activation in the superior parietal lobule. Multivoxel pattern analysis and a region of interest approach partially supported our predictions. Decoding accuracy for hand location was above chance level in superior parietal lobule (SPL) and in the anterior intraparietal (aIPS) area; above chance classification of hand configuration was observed in SPL and S1. This evidence confirmed the role of the parietal cortex in postural effects on touch and the possible role of S1 in coding the body form representation of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ambron
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA.
| | - Samuel Cason
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Medina
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Fairchild GT, Holler DE, Fabbri S, Gomez MA, Walsh-Snow JC. Naturalistic Object Representations Depend on Distance and Size Cues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.16.585308. [PMID: 38559105 PMCID: PMC10980039 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.16.585308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Egocentric distance and real-world size are important cues for object perception and action. Nevertheless, most studies of human vision rely on two-dimensional pictorial stimuli that convey ambiguous distance and size information. Here, we use fMRI to test whether pictures are represented differently in the human brain from real, tangible objects that convey unambiguous distance and size cues. Participants directly viewed stimuli in two display formats (real objects and matched printed pictures of those objects) presented at different egocentric distances (near and far). We measured the effects of format and distance on fMRI response amplitudes and response patterns. We found that fMRI response amplitudes in the lateral occipital and posterior parietal cortices were stronger overall for real objects than for pictures. In these areas and many others, including regions involved in action guidance, responses to real objects were stronger for near vs. far stimuli, whereas distance had little effect on responses to pictures-suggesting that distance determines relevance to action for real objects, but not for pictures. Although stimulus distance especially influenced response patterns in dorsal areas that operate in the service of visually guided action, distance also modulated representations in ventral cortex, where object responses are thought to remain invariant across contextual changes. We observed object size representations for both stimulus formats in ventral cortex but predominantly only for real objects in dorsal cortex. Together, these results demonstrate that whether brain responses reflect physical object characteristics depends on whether the experimental stimuli convey unambiguous information about those characteristics. Significance Statement Classic frameworks of vision attribute perception of inherent object characteristics, such as size, to the ventral visual pathway, and processing of spatial characteristics relevant to action, such as distance, to the dorsal visual pathway. However, these frameworks are based on studies that used projected images of objects whose actual size and distance from the observer were ambiguous. Here, we find that when object size and distance information in the stimulus is less ambiguous, these characteristics are widely represented in both visual pathways. Our results provide valuable new insights into the brain representations of objects and their various physical attributes in the context of naturalistic vision.
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4
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Bosch TJ, Fercho KA, Hanna R, Scholl JL, Rallis A, Baugh LA. Left anterior supramarginal gyrus activity during tool use action observation after extensive tool use training. Exp Brain Res 2023:10.1007/s00221-023-06646-1. [PMID: 37365345 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The advanced use of complex tools is considered a primary characteristic of human evolution and technological advancement. However, questions remain regarding whether humans possess unique underlying brain networks that support advanced tool-using abilities. Specifically, previous studies have demonstrated the presence of a structurally and functionally unique region in the left anterior supramarginal gyrus (aSMG), that is consistently active during tool use action observation. This region has been proposed as a primary hub for integrating semantic and technical information to form action plans with tools. However, it is still largely unknown how tool use motor learning affects left aSMG activation or connectivity with other brain regions. To address this, participants with little experience using chopsticks observed an experimenter using chopsticks to perform a novel task while undergoing two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Between the scans, participants underwent four weeks of behavioral training where they learned to use chopsticks and achieve proficiency in the observed task. Results demonstrated a significant change in effective connectivity between the left aSMG and the left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), a region involved in object affordances and planning grasping actions. These findings suggest that during unfamiliar tool use, the left aSMG integrates semantic and technical information to communicate with regions involved with grasp selection, such as the aIPS. This communication then allows appropriate grasps to be planned based on the physical properties of the objects involved and their potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Bosch
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | | | - Reuven Hanna
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Jamie L Scholl
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Austin Rallis
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Lee A Baugh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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5
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Surgent O, Guerrero-Gonzalez J, Dean DC, Kirk GR, Adluru N, Kecskemeti SR, Alexander AL, Travers BG. How we get a grip: Microstructural neural correlates of manual grip strength in children. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120117. [PMID: 37062373 PMCID: PMC10161685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximal grip strength is associated with a variety of health-related outcome measures and thus may be reflective of the efficiency of foundational brain-body communication. Non-human primate models of grip strength strongly implicate the cortical lateral grasping network, but little is known about the translatability of these models to human children. Further, it is unclear how supplementary networks that provide proprioceptive information and cerebellar-based motor command modification are associated with maximal grip strength. Therefore, this study employed high resolution, multi-shell diffusion and quantitative T1 imaging to examine how variations in lateral grasping, proprioception input, and cortico-cerebellar modification network white matter microstructure are associated with variations in grip strength across 70 children. Results indicated that stronger grip strength was associated with higher lateral grasping and proprioception input network fractional anisotropy and R1, indirect measures consistent with stronger microstructural coherence and increased myelination. No relationships were found in the cerebellar modification network. These results provide a neurobiological mechanism of grip behavior in children which suggests that increased myelination of cortical sensory and motor pathways is associated with stronger grip. This neurobiological mechanism may be a signature of pediatric neuro-motor behavior more broadly as evidenced by the previously demonstrated relationships between grip strength and behavioral outcome measures across a variety of clinical and non-clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Surgent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jose Guerrero-Gonzalez
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gregory R Kirk
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nagesh Adluru
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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6
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Rao N, Paek A, Contreras-Vidal JL, Parikh PJ. Lateralized Neural Entropy modulates with Grip Force during Precision Grasping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539751. [PMID: 37214821 PMCID: PMC10197571 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When holding a coffee mug filled to the brim, we strive to avoid spilling the coffee. This ability relies on the neural processes underlying the control of finger forces on a moment-to-moment basis. The brain activity lateralized to the contralateral hemisphere averaged over a trial and across the trials is known to be associated with the magnitude of grip force applied on an object. However, the mechanistic involvement of the variability in neural signals during grip force control remains unclear. In this study, we examined the dependence of neural variability over the frontal, central, and parietal regions assessed using noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) on grip force magnitude during an isometric force control task. We hypothesized laterally specific modulation in EEG variability with higher magnitude of the grip force exerted during grip force control. We utilized an existing EEG dataset (64 channel) comprised of healthy young adults, who performed an isometric force control task while receiving visual feedback of the force applied. The force magnitude to be exerted on the instrumented object was cued to participants during the task, and varied pseudorandomly among 5, 10, and 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) across the trials. We quantified neural variability via sample entropy (sequence-dependent measure) and standard deviation (sequence-independent measure) of the temporal EEG signal over the frontal, central, and parietal electrodes. The EEG sample entropy over the central electrodes showed lateralized, nonlinear, localized, modulation with force magnitude. Similar modulation was not observed over frontal or parietal EEG activity, nor for standard deviation in the EEG activity. Our findings highlight specificity in neural control of grip forces by demonstrating the modulation in sequence-dependent but not sequence-independent component of EEG variability. This modulation appeared to be lateralized, spatially constrained, and functionally dependent on the grip force magnitude. We discuss the relevance of these findings in scenarios where a finer precision is essential to enable grasp application, such as prosthesis and associated neural signal integration, and propose directions for future studies investigating the mechanistic role of neural entropy in grip force control.
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7
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Piller S, Senna I, Wiebusch D, Ben-Zion I, Ernst MO. Grasping behavior does not recover after sight restoration from congenital blindness. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2104-2110.e4. [PMID: 37130520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether early visual input is essential for establishing the ability to use predictions in the control of actions and for perception. To successfully interact with objects, it is necessary to pre-program bodily actions such as grasping movements (feedforward control). Feedforward control requires a model for making predictions, which is typically shaped by previous sensory experience and interaction with the environment.1 Vision is the most crucial sense for establishing such predictions.2,3 We typically rely on visual estimations of the to-be-grasped object's size and weight in order to scale grip force and hand aperture accordingly.4,5,6 Size-weight expectations play a role also for perception, as evident in the size-weight illusion (SWI), in which the smaller of two equal-weight objects is misjudged to be heavier.7,8 Here, we investigated predictions for action and perception by testing the development of feedforward controlled grasping and of the SWI in young individuals surgically treated for congenital cataracts several years after birth. Surprisingly, what typically developing individuals do easily within the first years of life, namely to adeptly grasp new objects based on visually predicted properties, cataract-treated individuals did not learn after years of visual experience. Contrary, the SWI exhibited significant development. Even though the two tasks differ in substantial ways, these results may suggest a potential dissociation in using visual experience to make predictions about an object's features for perception or action. What seems a very simple task-picking up small objects-is in truth a highly complex computation that necessitates early structured visual input to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Piller
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Transfer Center for Neuroscience and Education (ZNL), Ulm University, Parkstraße 11, 89073 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Irene Senna
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Dennis Wiebusch
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Itay Ben-Zion
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Padeh Medical Center, Tiberias 1528001, Israel
| | - Marc O Ernst
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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He H, Zhuo Y, He S, Zhang J. The transition from invariant to action-dependent visual object representation in human dorsal pathway. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5503-5511. [PMID: 35165684 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain can efficiently process action-related visual information, which supports our ability to quickly understand and learn others' actions. The visual information of goal-directed action is extensively represented in the parietal and frontal cortex, but how actions and goal-objects are represented within this neural network is not fully understood. Specifically, which part of this dorsal network represents the identity of goal-objects? Is such goal-object information encoded at an abstract level or highly interactive with action representations? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with a large number of participants (n = 94) to investigate the neural representation of goal-objects and actions when participants viewed goal-directed action videos. Our results showed that the goal-directed action information could be decoded across much of the dorsal pathway, but in contrast, the invariant goal-object information independent of action was mainly localized in the early stage of dorsal pathway in parietal cortex rather than the down-stream areas of the parieto-frontal cortex. These results help us to understand the relationship between action and goal-object representations in the dorsal pathway, and the evolution of interactive representation of goal-objects and actions along the dorsal pathway during goal-directed action observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiXia He
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhuo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Sheng He
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 20031, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiedong Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Abstract
concepts can potentially be represented using metaphorical mappings to concrete domains. This view predicts that when linguistic metaphors are processed, they will invoke sensory-motor simulations. Here, I examine evidence from neuroimaging and lesion studies that addresses whether metaphors in language are embodied in this manner. Given the controversy in this area, I first outline some criteria by which the quality of neuroimaging and lesion studies might be evaluated. I then review studies of metaphors in various sensory-motor domains, such as action, motion, texture, taste, and time, and examine their strengths and weaknesses. Studies of idioms are evaluated next. I also address some neuroimaging studies that can speak to the question of metaphoric conceptual organization without explicit use of linguistic metaphors. I conclude that the weight of the evidence suggests that metaphors are indeed grounded in sensory-motor systems. The case of idioms is less clear, and I suggest that they might be grounded in a qualitatively different manner than metaphors at higher levels of the action hierarchy. While metaphors are unlikely to explain all aspects of abstract concept representation, for some specific abstract concepts, there is also nonlinguistic neural evidence for metaphoric conceptual organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Discovery I Building, Rm 227, 915 Greene St, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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10
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Breveglieri R, Borgomaneri S, Filippini M, Tessari A, Galletti C, Davare M, Fattori P. Complementary contribution of the medial and lateral human parietal cortex to grasping: a repetitive TMS study. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5122-5134. [PMID: 36245221 PMCID: PMC10152058 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The dexterous control of our grasping actions relies on the cooperative activation of many brain areas. In the parietal lobe, 2 grasp-related areas collaborate to orchestrate an accurate grasping action: dorsolateral area AIP and dorsomedial area V6A. Single-cell recordings in monkeys and fMRI studies in humans have suggested that both these areas specify grip aperture and wrist orientation, but encode these grasping parameters differently, depending on the context. To elucidate the causal role of phAIP and hV6A, we stimulated these areas, while participants were performing grasping actions (unperturbed grasping). rTMS over phAIP impaired the wrist orientation process, whereas stimulation over hV6A impaired grip aperture encoding. In a small percentage of trials, an unexpected reprogramming of grip aperture or wrist orientation was required (perturbed grasping). In these cases, rTMS over hV6A or over phAIP impaired reprogramming of both grip aperture and wrist orientation. These results represent the first direct demonstration of a different encoding of grasping parameters by 2 grasp-related parietal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Breveglieri
- University of Bologna Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- University of Bologna Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, , 47521 Cesena , Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , 00179 Rome , Italy
| | - Matteo Filippini
- University of Bologna Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- University of Bologna Department of Psychology, , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- University of Bologna Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marco Davare
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- University of Bologna Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, , 40126 Bologna , Italy
- University of Bologna Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), , Bologna , Italy
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11
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Kamii Y, Kojima S, Onishi H. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the posterior parietal cortex improves visuomotor performance and proprioception in the lower extremities. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:876083. [PMID: 36061503 PMCID: PMC9434688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.876083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) could affect visuomotor performance and proprioception in the lower extremities. We evaluated visuomotor performance in 15 healthy volunteers using a visuomotor control task by plantar dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, and calculated the absolute difference between the target and measured angle. In addition, we evaluated proprioception using a joint position matching task. During the task, the subject reproduced the ankle joint plantar dorsiflexion angle presented by the examiner. We calculated the absolute difference between the presented and measured angles (absolute error) and the variation of measured angles (variable error). Simultaneously, a-tDCS (1.5 mA, 15 min) or sham stimulation was applied to the right PPC. We observed that the absolute error of the visuomotor control task and the variable error of the joint position matching task significantly decreased after a-tDCS. However, the absolute error of the joint position matching task was not affected. This study suggests that a-tDCS over the PPC improves visuomotor performance and reduces the variable error in the joint position matching task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kamii
- Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasushi Kamii,
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Yan Y, Sobinov AR, Bensmaia SJ. Prehension kinematics in humans and macaques. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1669-1678. [PMID: 35642848 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00522.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates, especially rhesus macaques, have been a dominant model to study sensorimotor control of the upper limbs. Indeed, human and macaques have similar hands and homologous neural circuits to mediate manual behavior. However, few studies have systematically and quantitatively compared the manual behaviors of the two species. Such comparison is critical for assessing the validity of using the macaque sensorimotor system as a model of its human counterpart. In this study, we systematically compared the prehensile behaviors of humans and rhesus macaques using an identical experimental setup. We found human and macaque prehension kinematics to be generally similar with a few subtle differences. While the structure of the pre-shaping hand postures is similar in humans and macaques, human postures are more object-specific and human joints are less intercorrelated. Conversely, monkeys demonstrate more stereotypical pre-shaping behaviors that are common across all objects and more variability in their postures across repeated presentations of the same object. Despite these subtle differences in manual behavior between humans and monkeys, our results bolster the use of the macaque model to understand the neural mechanisms of manual dexterity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Yan
- Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anton R Sobinov
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sliman J Bensmaia
- Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hensel L, Lange F, Tscherpel C, Viswanathan S, Freytag J, Volz LJ, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Recovered grasping performance after stroke depends on interhemispheric frontoparietal connectivity. Brain 2022; 146:1006-1020. [PMID: 35485480 PMCID: PMC9976969 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity changes in the ipsi- and contralesional parietal cortex and abnormal interhemispheric connectivity between these regions are commonly observed after stroke, however, their significance for motor recovery remains poorly understood. We here assessed the contribution of ipsilesional and contralesional anterior intraparietal cortex (aIPS) for hand motor function in 18 recovered chronic stroke patients and 18 healthy control subjects using a multimodal assessment consisting of resting-state functional MRI, motor task functional MRI, online-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) interference, and 3D movement kinematics. Effects were compared against two control stimulation sites, i.e. contralesional M1 and a sham stimulation condition. We found that patients with good motor outcome compared to patients with more substantial residual deficits featured increased resting-state connectivity between ipsilesional aIPS and contralesional aIPS as well as between ipsilesional aIPS and dorsal premotor cortex. Moreover, interhemispheric connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional M1 as well as ipsilesional aIPS and contralesional M1 correlated with better motor performance across tasks. TMS interference at individual aIPS and M1 coordinates led to differential effects depending on the motor task that was tested, i.e. index finger-tapping, rapid pointing movements, or a reach-grasp-lift task. Interfering with contralesional aIPS deteriorated the accuracy of grasping, especially in patients featuring higher connectivity between ipsi- and contralesional aIPS. In contrast, interference with the contralesional M1 led to impaired grasping speed in patients featuring higher connectivity between bilateral M1. These findings suggest differential roles of contralesional M1 and aIPS for distinct aspects of recovered hand motor function, depending on the reorganization of interhemispheric connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hensel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Lange
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Caroline Tscherpel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shivakumar Viswanathan
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jana Freytag
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas J Volz
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Correspondence to: Christian Grefkes Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3) Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany E-mail:
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14
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Baumann A, Tödt I, Knutzen A, Gless CA, Granert O, Wolff S, Marquardt C, Becktepe JS, Peters S, Witt K, Zeuner KE. Neural Correlates of Executed Compared to Imagined Writing and Drawing Movements: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:829576. [PMID: 35370576 PMCID: PMC8973008 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.829576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether motor imagery (MI) of handwriting and circle drawing activates a similar handwriting network as writing and drawing itself. Methods Eighteen healthy right-handed participants wrote the German word “Wellen” and drew continuously circles in a sitting (vertical position) and lying position (horizontal position) to capture kinematic handwriting parameters such as velocity, pressure and regularity of hand movements. Afterward, they performed the same tasks during fMRI in a MI and an executed condition. Results The kinematic analysis revealed a general correlation of handwriting parameters during sitting and lying except of pen pressure during drawing. Writing compared to imagined writing was accompanied by an increased activity of the ipsilateral cerebellum and the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Executed compared to imagined drawing revealed elevated activity of a fronto–parieto-temporal network. By contrasting writing and drawing directly, executed writing induced an enhanced activation of the left somatosensory and premotor area. The comparison of the MI of these tasks revealed a higher involvement of occipital activation during imagined writing. Conclusion The kinematic results pointed to a high comparability of writing in a vertical and horizontal position. Overall, we observed highly overlapping cortical activity except of a higher involvement of motor control areas during motor execution. The sparse difference between writing and drawing can be explained by highly automatized writing in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Baumann,
| | - Inken Tödt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Knutzen
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Granert
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolff
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Sönke Peters
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital Oldenburg and Research Center Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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15
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van Polanen V, Buckingham G, Davare M. The effects of TMS over the anterior intraparietal area on anticipatory fingertip force scaling and the size-weight illusion. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:290-301. [PMID: 35294305 PMCID: PMC9363003 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00265.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When lifting an object skillfully, fingertip forces need to be carefully scaled to the object’s weight, which can be inferred from its apparent size and material. This anticipatory force scaling ensures smooth and efficient lifting movements. However, even with accurate motor plans, weight perception can still be biased. In the size-weight illusion, objects of different size but equal weight are perceived to differ in heaviness, with the small object perceived to be heavier than the large object. The neural underpinnings of anticipatory force scaling to object size and the size-weight illusion are largely unknown. In this study, we tested the role of anterior intraparietal cortex (aIPS) in predictive force scaling and the size-weight illusion, by applying continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) prior to participants lifting objects of different sizes. Participants received cTBS over aIPS, the primary motor cortex (control area), or Sham stimulation. We found no evidence that aIPS stimulation affected the size-weight illusion. Effects were, however, found on anticipatory force scaling, where grip force was less tuned to object size during initial lifts. These findings suggest that aIPS is not involved in the perception of object weight but plays a transient role in the sensorimotor predictions related to object size. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skilled object manipulation requires forming anticipatory motor plans according to the object’s properties. Here, we demonstrate the role of anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) in anticipatory grip force scaling to object size, particularly during initial lifting experience. Interestingly, this role was not maintained after continued practice and was not related to perceptual judgments measured with the size-weight illusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonne van Polanen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Davare
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, grid.13097.3cKing's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Furmanek MP, Mangalam M, Yarossi M, Lockwood K, Tunik E. A kinematic and EMG dataset of online adjustment of reach-to-grasp movements to visual perturbations. Sci Data 2022; 9:23. [PMID: 35064126 PMCID: PMC8782875 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of reach-to-grasp movements for deft and robust interactions with objects requires rapid sensorimotor updating that enables online adjustments to changing external goals (e.g., perturbations or instability of objects we interact with). Rarely do we appreciate the remarkable coordination in reach-to-grasp, until control becomes impaired by neurological injuries such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, or even aging. Modeling online control of human reach-to-grasp movements is a challenging problem but fundamental to several domains, including behavioral and computational neuroscience, neurorehabilitation, neural prostheses, and robotics. Currently, there are no publicly available datasets that include online adjustment of reach-to-grasp movements to object perturbations. This work aims to advance modeling efforts of reach-to-grasp movements by making publicly available a large kinematic and EMG dataset of online adjustment of reach-to-grasp movements to instantaneous perturbations of object size and distance performed in immersive haptic-free virtual environment (hf-VE). The presented dataset is composed of a large number of perturbation types (10 for both object size and distance) applied at three different latencies after the start of the movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz P Furmanek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Madhur Mangalam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Mathew Yarossi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Kyle Lockwood
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Eugene Tunik
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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17
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Zhuang T, Lingnau A. The characterization of actions at the superordinate, basic and subordinate level. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:1871-1891. [PMID: 34907466 PMCID: PMC9363348 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objects can be categorized at different levels of abstraction, ranging from the superordinate (e.g., fruit) and the basic (e.g., apple) to the subordinate level (e.g., golden delicious). The basic level is assumed to play a key role in categorization, e.g., in terms of the number of features used to describe these actions and the speed of processing. To which degree do these principles also apply to the categorization of observed actions? To address this question, we first selected a range of actions at the superordinate (e.g., locomotion), basic (e.g., to swim) and subordinate level (e.g., to swim breaststroke), using verbal material (Experiments 1-3). Experiments 4-6 aimed to determine the characteristics of these actions across the three taxonomic levels. Using a feature listing paradigm (Experiment 4), we determined the number of features that were provided by at least six out of twenty participants (common features), separately for the three different levels. In addition, we examined the number of shared (i.e., provided for more than one category) and distinct (i.e., provided for one category only) features. Participants produced the highest number of common features for actions at the basic level. Actions at the subordinate level shared more features with other actions at the same level than those at the superordinate level. Actions at the superordinate and basic level were described with more distinct features compared to those provided at the subordinate level. Using an auditory priming paradigm (Experiment 5), we observed that participants responded faster to action images preceded by a matching auditory cue corresponding to the basic and subordinate level, but not for superordinate level cues, suggesting that the basic level is the most abstract level at which verbal cues facilitate the processing of an upcoming action. Using a category verification task (Experiment 6), we found that participants were faster and more accurate to verify action categories (depicted as images) at the basic and subordinate level in comparison to the superordinate level. Together, in line with the object categorization literature, our results suggest that information about action categories is maximized at the basic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghe Zhuang
- Chair of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Lingnau
- Chair of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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The contributions of the ventral and the dorsal visual streams to the automatic processing of action relations of familiar and unfamiliar object pairs. Neuroimage 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Guo LL, Oghli YS, Frost A, Niemeier M. Multivariate Analysis of Electrophysiological Signals Reveals the Time Course of Precision Grasps Programs: Evidence for Nonhierarchical Evolution of Grasp Control. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9210-9222. [PMID: 34551938 PMCID: PMC8570828 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0992-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of the neural processes underlying human grasping suggests that grasp computations involve gradients of higher to lower level representations and, relatedly, visual to motor processes. However, it is unclear whether these processes evolve in a strictly canonical manner from higher to intermediate and to lower levels given that this knowledge importantly relies on functional imaging, which lacks temporal resolution. To examine grasping in fine temporal detail here we used multivariate EEG analysis. We asked participants to grasp objects while controlling the time at which crucial elements of grasp programs were specified. We first specified the orientation with which participants should grasp objects, and only after a delay we instructed participants about which effector to use to grasp, either the right or the left hand. We also asked participants to grasp with both hands because bimanual and left-hand grasping share intermediate-level grasp representations. We observed that grasp programs evolved in a canonical manner from visual representations, which were independent of effectors to motor representations that distinguished between effectors. However, we found that intermediate representations of effectors that partially distinguished between effectors arose after representations that distinguished among all effector types. Our results show that grasp computations do not proceed in a strictly hierarchically canonical fashion, highlighting the importance of the fine temporal resolution of EEG for a comprehensive understanding of human grasp control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A long-standing assumption of the grasp computations is that grasp representations progress from higher to lower level control in a regular, or canonical, fashion. Here, we combined EEG and multivariate pattern analysis to characterize the temporal dynamics of grasp representations while participants viewed objects and were subsequently cued to execute an unimanual or bimanual grasp. Interrogation of the temporal dynamics revealed that lower level effector representations emerged before intermediate levels of grasp representations, thereby suggesting a partially noncanonical progression from higher to lower and then to intermediate level grasp control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lawrence Guo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Yazan Shamli Oghli
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Matthias Niemeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M6, Canada
- Vision: Science to Applications, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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20
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Perturbation of cortical activity elicits regional and age-dependent effects on unconstrained reaching behavior: a pilot study. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3585-3600. [PMID: 34591126 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Contributions from premotor and supplementary motor areas to reaching behavior in aging humans are not well understood. The objective of these experiments was to examine effects of perturbations to specific cortical areas on the control of unconstrained reaches against gravity by younger and older adults. Double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to scalp locations targeting primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor area (PMA), supplementary motor area (SMA), or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Stimulation was intended to perturb ongoing activity in the targeted cortical region before or after a visual cue to initiate moderately paced reaches to one of three vertical target locations. Regional effects were observed in movement amplitude both early and late in the reach. Perturbation of PMA increased reach distance before the time of peak velocity to a greater extent than all other regions. Reaches showed greater deviation from a straight-line path around the time of peak velocity and greater overall curvature with perturbation of PMA and M1 relative to SMA and DLPFC. The perturbation increased positional variability of the reach path at the time of peak velocity and the time elapsing after peak velocity. Although perturbations had stronger effects on reaches by younger subjects, this group exhibited less reach path variability at the time of peak velocity and required less time to adjust the movement trajectory thereafter. These findings support the role of PMA in visually guided reaching and suggest an age-related change in sensorimotor processing, possibly due to a loss of cortical inhibitory control.
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21
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Whitwell RL, Striemer CL, Cant JS, Enns JT. The Ties that Bind: Agnosia, Neglect and Selective Attention to Visual Scale. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 34586544 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Historical and contemporary treatments of visual agnosia and neglect regard these disorders as largely unrelated. It is thought that damage to different neural processes leads directly to one or the other condition, yet apperceptive variants of agnosia and object-centered variants of neglect share remarkably similar deficits in the quality of conscious experience. Here we argue for a closer association between "apperceptive" variants of visual agnosia and "object-centered" variants of visual neglect. We introduce a theoretical framework for understanding these conditions based on "scale attention", which refers to selecting boundary and surface information at different levels of the structural hierarchy in the visual array. RECENT FINDINGS We review work on visual agnosia, the cortical structures and cortico-cortical pathways that underlie visual perception, visuospatial neglect and object-centered neglect, and attention to scale. We highlight direct and indirect pathways involved in these disorders and in attention to scale. The direct pathway involves the posterior vertical segments of the superior longitudinal fasciculus that are positioned to link the established dorsal and ventral attentional centers in the parietal cortex with structures in the inferior occipitotemporal cortex associated with visual apperceptive agnosia. The connections in the right hemisphere appear to be more important for visual conscious experience, whereas those in the left hemisphere appear to be more strongly associated with the planning and execution of visually guided grasps directed at multi-part objects such as tools. In the latter case, semantic and functional information must drive the selection of the appropriate hand posture and grasp points on the object. This view is supported by studies of grasping in patients with agnosia and in patients with neglect that show that the selection of grasp points when picking up a tool involves both scale attention and semantic contributions from inferotemporal cortex. The indirect pathways, which include the inferior fronto-occipital and horizontal components of the superior longitudinal fasciculi, involve the frontal lobe, working memory and the "multiple demands" network, which can shape the content of visual awareness through the maintenance of goal- and task-based abstractions and their influence on scale attention. Recent studies of human cortico-cortical pathways necessitate revisions to long-standing theoretical views on visual perception, visually guided action and their integrations. We highlight findings from a broad sample of seemingly disparate areas of research to support the proposal that attention to scale is necessary for typical conscious visual experience and for goal-directed actions that depend on functional and semantic information. Furthermore, we suggest that vertical pathways between the parietal and occipitotemporal cortex, along with indirect pathways that involve the premotor and prefrontal cortex, facilitate the operations of scale attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Whitwell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | - Jonathan S Cant
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - James T Enns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Orban GA, Sepe A, Bonini L. Parietal maps of visual signals for bodily action planning. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2967-2988. [PMID: 34508272 PMCID: PMC8541987 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has long been understood as a high-level integrative station for computing motor commands for the body based on sensory (i.e., mostly tactile and visual) input from the outside world. In the last decade, accumulating evidence has shown that the parietal areas not only extract the pragmatic features of manipulable objects, but also subserve sensorimotor processing of others’ actions. A paradigmatic case is that of the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), which encodes the identity of observed manipulative actions that afford potential motor actions the observer could perform in response to them. On these bases, we propose an AIP manipulative action-based template of the general planning functions of the PPC and review existing evidence supporting the extension of this model to other PPC regions and to a wider set of actions: defensive and locomotor actions. In our model, a hallmark of PPC functioning is the processing of information about the physical and social world to encode potential bodily actions appropriate for the current context. We further extend the model to actions performed with man-made objects (e.g., tools) and artifacts, because they become integral parts of the subject’s body schema and motor repertoire. Finally, we conclude that existing evidence supports a generally conserved neural circuitry that transforms integrated sensory signals into the variety of bodily actions that primates are capable of preparing and performing to interact with their physical and social world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Orban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39/E, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessia Sepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39/E, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bonini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39/E, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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23
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Era V, Aglioti SM, Candidi M. Inhibitory Theta Burst Stimulation Highlights the Role of Left aIPS and Right TPJ during Complementary and Imitative Human-Avatar Interactions in Cooperative and Competitive Scenarios. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1677-1687. [PMID: 31667496 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Competitive and cooperative interactions are based on anticipation or synchronization with the partner's actions. Both forms of interaction may either require performing imitative or complementary movements with respect to those performed by our partner. We explored how parietal regions involved in the control of imitative behavior (temporo-parietal junction, TPJ), goal coding and visuo-motor integration (anterior intraparietal sulcus, aIPS) contribute to the execution of imitative and complementary movements during cooperative and competitive interactions. To this aim, we delivered off-line non-invasive inhibitory brain stimulation to healthy individuals' left aIPS and right TPJ before they were asked to reach and grasp an object together with a virtual partner by either performing imitative or complementary interactions. In different blocks, participants were asked to compete or cooperate with the virtual partner that varied its behavior according to cooperative or competitive contexts. Left aIPS and right TPJ inhibition impaired individuals' performance (i.e., synchrony in cooperative task and anticipation in competition) during complementary and imitative interactions, respectively, in both cooperative and competitive contexts, indicating that aIPS and TPJ inhibition affects own-other action integration and action imitation (that are different in complementary vs imitative interactions) more than action synchronization or anticipation (that are different in cooperative vs competitive contexts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Era
- SCNLab Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- SCNLab Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- SCNLab Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00185, Rome, Italy
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24
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Patients with lesions to the intraparietal cortex show greater proprioceptive realignment after prism adaptation: Evidence from open-loop pointing and manual straight ahead. Neuropsychologia 2021; 158:107913. [PMID: 34139246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaching toward a target viewed through laterally refracting prisms results in adaptation of both visual and (limb) proprioceptive spatial representations. Common ways to measure adaptation after-effect are to ask a person to point straight ahead with their eyes closed ("manual straight ahead", MSA), or to a seen target using their unseen hand ("open-loop pointing", OLP). MSA measures changes in proprioception only, whereas OLP measures the combined visual and proprioceptive shift. The behavioural and neurological mechanisms of prism adaptation have come under scrutiny following reports of reduced hemispatial neglect in patients following this procedure. We present evidence suggesting that shifts in proprioceptive spatial representations induced by prism adaptation are larger following lesions to the intraparietal cortex - a brain region that integrates retinotopic visual signals with signals of eye position in the orbit and that is activated during prism adaptation. Six healthy participants and six patients with unilateral intraparietal cortex lesions underwent prism adaptation. After-effects were measured with OLP and MSA. After-effects of control participants were larger when measured with OLP than with MSA, consistent with previous research and with the additional contribution of visual shift to OLP after-effects. However, patients' OLP shifts were not significantly different to their MSA shifts. We conclude that, for the patients, correction of pointing errors during prism adaptation involved proportionally more changes to arm proprioception than for controls. Since lesions to intraparietal cortex led to enhanced realignment of arm proprioceptive representations, our results indirectly suggest that the intraparietal cortex could be key for visual realignment.
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25
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Beck MM, Spedden ME, Dietz MJ, Karabanov AN, Christensen MS, Lundbye-Jensen J. Cortical signatures of precision grip force control in children, adolescents, and adults. eLife 2021; 10:61018. [PMID: 34121656 PMCID: PMC8216716 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dexterous motor control improves from childhood to adulthood, but little is known about the changes in cortico-cortical communication that support such ontogenetic refinement of motor skills. To investigate age-related differences in connectivity between cortical regions involved in dexterous control, we analyzed electroencephalographic data from 88 individuals (range 8-30 years) performing a visually guided precision grip task using dynamic causal modelling and parametric empirical Bayes. Our results demonstrate that bidirectional coupling in a canonical 'grasping network' is associated with precision grip performance across age groups. We further demonstrate greater backward coupling from higher-order to lower-order sensorimotor regions from late adolescence in addition to differential associations between connectivity strength in a premotor-prefrontal network and motor performance for different age groups. We interpret these findings as reflecting greater use of top-down and executive control processes with development. These results expand our understanding of the cortical mechanisms that support dexterous abilities through development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Malling Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Jensen Dietz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anke Ninija Karabanov
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Online Movement Correction in Response to the Unexpectedly Perturbed Initial or Final Action Goals: An ERP and sLORETA Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050641. [PMID: 34063437 PMCID: PMC8156469 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, we explored how unexpected perturbations in the initial (grip posture) and the final action goals (target position) influence movement execution and the neural mechanisms underlying the movement corrections. Participants were instructed to grasp a handle and rotate it to a target position according to a given visual cue. After participants started their movements, a secondary cue was triggered, which indicated whether the initial or final goals had changed (or not) while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The results showed that the perturbed initial goals significantly slowed down the reaching action, compared to the perturbed final goals. In the event-related potentials (ERPs), a larger anterior P3 and a larger central-distributed late positivity (600–700 ms) time-locked to the perturbations were found for the initial than for the final goal perturbations. Source analyses found stronger left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) activations for the perturbed initial goals than for the perturbed final goals in the P3 time window. These findings suggest that perturbations in the initial goals have stronger interferences with the execution of grasp-to-rotate movements than perturbations in the final goals. The interferences seem to be derived from both inappropriate action inhibitions and new action implementations during the movement correction.
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27
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Gale DJ, Areshenkoff CN, Honda C, Johnsrude IS, Flanagan JR, Gallivan JP. Motor Planning Modulates Neural Activity Patterns in Early Human Auditory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2952-2967. [PMID: 33511976 PMCID: PMC8107793 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that movement planning recruits motor-related cortical brain areas in preparation for the forthcoming action. Given that an integral component to the control of action is the processing of sensory information throughout movement, we predicted that movement planning might also modulate early sensory cortical areas, readying them for sensory processing during the unfolding action. To test this hypothesis, we performed 2 human functional magnetic resonance imaging studies involving separate delayed movement tasks and focused on premovement neural activity in early auditory cortex, given the area's direct connections to the motor system and evidence that it is modulated by motor cortex during movement in rodents. We show that effector-specific information (i.e., movements of the left vs. right hand in Experiment 1 and movements of the hand vs. eye in Experiment 2) can be decoded, well before movement, from neural activity in early auditory cortex. We find that this motor-related information is encoded in a separate subregion of auditory cortex than sensory-related information and is present even when movements are cued visually instead of auditorily. These findings suggest that action planning, in addition to preparing the motor system for movement, involves selectively modulating primary sensory areas based on the intended action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gale
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Corson N Areshenkoff
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Claire Honda
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ingrid S Johnsrude
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - J Randall Flanagan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jason P Gallivan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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28
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Fan AWY, Guo LL, Frost A, Whitwell RL, Niemeier M, Cant JS. Grasping of Real-World Objects Is Not Biased by Ensemble Perception. Front Psychol 2021; 12:597691. [PMID: 33912099 PMCID: PMC8071954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.597691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual system is known to extract summary representations of visually similar objects which bias the perception of individual objects toward the ensemble average. Although vision plays a large role in guiding action, less is known about whether ensemble representation is informative for action. Motor behavior is tuned to the veridical dimensions of objects and generally considered resistant to perceptual biases. However, when the relevant grasp dimension is not available or is unconstrained, ensemble perception may be informative to behavior by providing gist information about surrounding objects. In the present study, we examined if summary representations of a surrounding ensemble display influenced grip aperture and orientation when participants reached-to-grasp a central circular target which had an explicit size but importantly no explicit orientation that the visuomotor system could selectively attend to. Maximum grip aperture and grip orientation were not biased by ensemble statistics during grasping, although participants were able to perceive and provide manual estimations of the average size and orientation of the ensemble display. Support vector machine classification of ensemble statistics achieved above-chance classification accuracy when trained on kinematic and electromyography data of the perceptual but not grasping conditions, supporting our univariate findings. These results suggest that even along unconstrained grasping dimensions, visually-guided behaviors toward real-world objects are not biased by ensemble processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Wing-Yan Fan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Lawrence Guo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert L. Whitwell
- The Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthias Niemeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan S. Cant
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Conboy V, Edwards C, Ainsworth R, Natusch D, Burcham C, Danisment B, Khot S, Seymour R, Larcombe SJ, Tracey I, Kolasinski J. Chronic musculoskeletal impairment is associated with alterations in brain regions responsible for the production and perception of movement. J Physiol 2021; 599:2255-2272. [PMID: 33675033 PMCID: PMC8132184 DOI: 10.1113/jp281273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Massive irreparable rotator cuff tear was used as a model to study the impact of chronic pain and motor impairment on the motor systems of the human brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Patients show markers of lower grey/white matter integrity and lower functional connectivity compared with control participants in regions responsible for movement and the perception of visual movement and body shape. An independent cohort of patients showed relative deficits in the perception of visual motion and hand laterality compared with an age-matched control group. These data support the hypothesis that the structure and function of the motor control system differs in patients who have experienced chronic motor impairment. This work also raises a new hypothesis, supported by neuroimaging and behaviour, that a loss of motor function could also be associated with off-target effects, namely a reduced ability to perceive motion and body form. ABSTRACT Changes in the way we move can induce changes in the brain, yet we know little of such plasticity in relation to musculoskeletal diseases. Here we use massive irreparable rotator cuff tear as a model to study the impact of chronic motor impairment and pain on the human brain. Cuff tear destabilises the shoulder, impairing upper-limb function in overhead and load-bearing tasks. We used neuroimaging and behavioural testing to investigate how brain structure and function differed in cuff tear patients and controls (imaging: 21 patients, age 76.3 ± 7.68; 18 controls, age 74.9 ± 6.59; behaviour: 13 patients, age 75.5 ± 10.2; 11 controls, age 73.4 ± 5.01). We observed lower grey matter density and cortical thickness in cuff tear patients in the postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, temporal-parietal junction and the pulvinar - areas implicated in somatosensation, reach/grasp and body form perception. In patients we also observed lower functional connectivity between the motor network and the middle temporal visual cortex (MT), a region involved in visual motion perception. Lower white matter integrity was observed in patients in the inferior fronto-occipital/longitudinal fasciculi. We investigated the cognitive domains associated with the brain regions identified. Patients exhibited relative impairment in visual body judgements and the perception of biological/global motion. These data support our initial hypothesis that cuff tear is associated with differences in the brain's motor control regions in comparison with unaffected individuals. Moreover, our combination of neuroimaging and behavioural data raises a new hypothesis that chronic motor impairment is associated with an altered perception of visual motion and body form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Conboy
- Torbay HospitalTorbay and South Devon NHS TrustNewton RdTorquayTQ2 7AAUK
| | - Carl Edwards
- Torbay HospitalTorbay and South Devon NHS TrustNewton RdTorquayTQ2 7AAUK
| | - Roberta Ainsworth
- Torbay HospitalTorbay and South Devon NHS TrustNewton RdTorquayTQ2 7AAUK
| | - Douglas Natusch
- Torbay HospitalTorbay and South Devon NHS TrustNewton RdTorquayTQ2 7AAUK
| | - Claire Burcham
- Torbay HospitalTorbay and South Devon NHS TrustNewton RdTorquayTQ2 7AAUK
| | - Buse Danisment
- Koç University HospitalTopkapıKoç Üniversitesi HastanesiDavutpasa Cd. No:4, ZeytinburnuIstanbul34010Turkey
| | - Sharmila Khot
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC)School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityMaindy RoadCardiffCF24 4HQUK
| | - Richard Seymour
- Torbay HospitalTorbay and South Devon NHS TrustNewton RdTorquayTQ2 7AAUK
| | - Stephanie J. Larcombe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordOX3 9DUUK
| | - Irene Tracey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordOX3 9DUUK
| | - James Kolasinski
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC)School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityMaindy RoadCardiffCF24 4HQUK
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30
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Richard N, Desmurget M, Teillac A, Beuriat PA, Bardi L, Coudé G, Szathmari A, Mottolese C, Sirigu A, Hiba B. Anatomical bases of fast parietal grasp control in humans: A diffusion-MRI tractography study. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118002. [PMID: 33789136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorso-posterior parietal cortex (DPPC) is a major node of the grasp/manipulation control network. It is assumed to act as an optimal forward estimator that continuously integrates efferent outflows and afferent inflows to modulate the ongoing motor command. In agreement with this view, a recent per-operative study, in humans, identified functional sites within DPPC that: (i) instantly disrupt hand movements when electrically stimulated; (ii) receive short-latency somatosensory afferences from intrinsic hand muscles. Based on these results, it was speculated that DPPC is part of a rapid grasp control loop that receives direct inputs from the hand-territory of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and sends direct projections to the hand-territory of the primary motor cortex (M1). However, evidence supporting this hypothesis is weak and partial. To date, projections from DPPC to M1 grasp zone have been identified in monkeys and have been postulated to exist in humans based on clinical and transcranial magnetic studies. This work uses diffusion-MRI tractography in two samples of right- (n = 50) and left-handed (n = 25) subjects randomly selected from the Human Connectome Project. It aims to determine whether direct connections exist between DPPC and the hand control sectors of the primary sensorimotor regions. The parietal region of interest, related to hand control (hereafter designated DPPChand), was defined permissively as the 95% confidence area of the parietal sites that were found to disrupt hand movements in the previously evoked per-operative study. In both hemispheres, irrespective of handedness, we found dense ipsilateral connections between a restricted part of DPPChand and focal sectors within the pre and postcentral gyrus. These sectors, corresponding to the hand territories of M1 and S1, targeted the same parietal zone (spatial overlap > 92%). As a sensitivity control, we searched for potential connections between the angular gyrus (AG) and the pre and postcentral regions. No robust pathways were found. Streamline densities identified using AG as the starting seed represented less than 5 % of the streamline densities identified from DPPChand. Together, these results support the existence of a direct sensory-parietal-motor loop suited for fast manual control and more generally, for any task requiring rapid integration of distal sensorimotor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Richard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Desmurget
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Achille Teillac
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Institut de neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS / UMR 5287, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Lara Bardi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gino Coudé
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandru Szathmari
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Carmine Mottolese
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Angela Sirigu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bassem Hiba
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS / UMR 5229, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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31
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Bergström F, Wurm M, Valério D, Lingnau A, Almeida J. Decoding stimuli (tool-hand) and viewpoint invariant grasp-type information. Cortex 2021; 139:152-165. [PMID: 33873036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
When we see a manipulable object (henceforth tool) or a hand performing a grasping movement, our brain is automatically tuned to how that tool can be grasped (i.e., its affordance) or what kind of grasp that hand is performing (e.g., a power or precision grasp). However, it remains unclear where visual information related to tools or hands are transformed into abstract grasp representations. We therefore investigated where different levels of abstractness in grasp information are processed: grasp information that is invariant to the kind of stimuli that elicits it (tool-hand invariance); and grasp information that is hand-specific but viewpoint-invariant (viewpoint invariance). We focused on brain areas activated when viewing both tools and hands, i.e., the posterior parietal cortices (PPC), ventral premotor cortices (PMv), and lateral occipitotemporal cortex/posterior middle temporal cortex (LOTC/pMTG). To test for invariant grasp representations, we presented participants with tool images and grasp videos (from first or third person perspective; 1pp or 3pp) inside an MRI scanner, and cross-decoded power versus precision grasps across (i) grasp perspectives (viewpoint invariance), (ii) tool images and grasp 1pp videos (tool-hand 1pp invariance), and (iii) tool images and grasp 3pp videos (tool-hand 3pp invariance). Tool-hand 1pp, but not tool-hand 3pp, invariant grasp information was found in left PPC, whereas viewpoint-invariant information was found bilaterally in PPC, left PMv, and left LOTC/pMTG. These findings suggest different levels of abstractness-where visual information is transformed into stimuli-invariant grasp representations/tool affordances in left PPC, and viewpoint invariant but hand-specific grasp representations in the hand network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Bergström
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Moritz Wurm
- Center for Mind/ Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Daniela Valério
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelika Lingnau
- Center for Mind/ Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy; Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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Orban GA, Lanzilotto M, Bonini L. From Observed Action Identity to Social Affordances. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:493-505. [PMID: 33745819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Others' observed actions cause continuously changing retinal images, making it challenging to build neural representations of action identity. The monkey anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and its putative human homologue (phAIP) host neurons selective for observed manipulative actions (OMAs). The neuronal activity of both AIP and phAIP allows a stable readout of OMA identity across visual formats, but human neurons exhibit greater invariance and generalize from observed actions to action verbs. These properties stem from the convergence in AIP of superior temporal signals concerning: (i) observed body movements; and (ii) the changes in the body-object relationship. We propose that evolutionarily preserved mechanisms underlie the specification of observed-actions identity and the selection of motor responses afforded by them, thereby promoting social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Orban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Lanzilotto
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Bonini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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33
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Fanghella M, Era V, Candidi M. Interpersonal Motor Interactions Shape Multisensory Representations of the Peripersonal Space. Brain Sci 2021; 11:255. [PMID: 33669561 PMCID: PMC7922994 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective review focuses on the proposal that predictive multisensory integration occurring in one's peripersonal space (PPS) supports individuals' ability to efficiently interact with others, and that integrating sensorimotor signals from the interacting partners leads to the emergence of a shared representation of the PPS. To support this proposal, we first introduce the features of body and PPS representations that are relevant for interpersonal motor interactions. Then, we highlight the role of action planning and execution on the dynamic expansion of the PPS. We continue by presenting evidence of PPS modulations after tool use and review studies suggesting that PPS expansions may be accounted for by Bayesian sensory filtering through predictive coding. In the central section, we describe how this conceptual framework can be used to explain the mechanisms through which the PPS may be modulated by the actions of our interaction partner, in order to facilitate interpersonal coordination. Last, we discuss how this proposal may support recent evidence concerning PPS rigidity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its possible relationship with ASD individuals' difficulties during interpersonal coordination. Future studies will need to clarify the mechanisms and neural underpinning of these dynamic, interpersonal modulations of the PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fanghella
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (V.E.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Vanessa Era
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (V.E.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (V.E.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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34
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Negative motor responses to direct electrical stimulation: Behavioral assessment hides different effects on muscles. Cortex 2021; 137:194-204. [PMID: 33640851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A negative motor response (NMR) is defined as the inability to continue voluntary movements without losing consciousness when direct electrical stimulation (DES) is applied during awake neurosurgery. While visual inspection is most commonly used to define an NMR, the actual effect of stimulation on muscle activity has been neglected by recent neurosurgical literature. We show that behavioral assessment of NMRs hides different site-dependent effects on muscles as revealed by electromyography (EMG), describing ten cases of brain tumor patients undergoing awake neurosurgery while performing a hand-object manipulation task. DES-induced NMRs were assessed behaviorally and related to the underlying electromyographic recording. Quantitative analysis of motor unit recruitment and regularity between phasic muscle contractions was computed. We show that similar NMRs classified based on behavioral criteria can be associated with suppression, increased recruitment or mixed effects on ongoing hand muscles. In some cases, suppression of hand muscle activity is associated with involuntary recruitment of muscles not involved in the task. Interestingly, stimulation of behaviorally defined "negative areas" across the frontal and parietal lobes elicits different electromyographic patterns, depending on the stimulation site. This study provides novel preliminary background as to the heterogeneous profile of muscle activity during NMRs. In fact, EMG monitoring paired with behavioral assessment can distinguish between NMRs that, despite similarity on behavioral inspection, are different in their related EMG, possibly underlying different neural substrates. The identification of different circuits hidden in similar NMRs may become relevant when planning the extension of resection.
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35
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Errante A, Ziccarelli S, Mingolla G, Fogassi L. Grasping and Manipulation: Neural Bases and Anatomical Circuitry in Humans. Neuroscience 2021; 458:203-212. [PMID: 33516776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence suggests a significant contribution of several brain areas, including subdivisions of the parietal and the premotor cortex, during the processing of different components of hand and arm movements. Many investigations improved our knowledge about the neural processes underlying the execution of reaching and grasping actions, while few studies have directly investigated object manipulation. Most studies on the latter topic concern the use of tools to achieve specific goals. Yet, there are very few studies on pure manipulation performed in order to explore and recognize objects, as well as on manipulation performed with a high level of manual dexterity. Another dimension that is quite neglected by the available studies on grasping and manipulation is, on the one hand, the contribution of the subcortical nodes, first of all the basal ganglia and cerebellum, to these functions, and, on the other hand, recurrent connections of these structures with cortical areas. In the first part, we have reviewed the parieto-premotor and subcortical circuits underlying reaching and grasping in humans, with a focus on functional neuroimaging data. Then, we have described the main structures recruited during object manipulation. We have also reported the contribution of recent structural connectivity techniques whereby the cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connections of grasping-related and manipulation-related areas in the human brain can be determined. Based on our review, we have concluded that studies on cortical and subcortical circuits involved in grasping and manipulation might be promising to provide new insights about motor learning and brain plasticity in patients with motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Errante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Settimio Ziccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Mingolla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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36
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Whitwell RL, Katz NJ, Goodale MA, Enns JT. The Role of Haptic Expectations in Reaching to Grasp: From Pantomime to Natural Grasps and Back Again. Front Psychol 2020; 11:588428. [PMID: 33391110 PMCID: PMC7773727 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When we reach to pick up an object, our actions are effortlessly informed by the object's spatial information, the position of our limbs, stored knowledge of the object's material properties, and what we want to do with the object. A substantial body of evidence suggests that grasps are under the control of "automatic, unconscious" sensorimotor modules housed in the "dorsal stream" of the posterior parietal cortex. Visual online feedback has a strong effect on the hand's in-flight grasp aperture. Previous work of ours exploited this effect to show that grasps are refractory to cued expectations for visual feedback. Nonetheless, when we reach out to pretend to grasp an object (pantomime grasp), our actions are performed with greater cognitive effort and they engage structures outside of the dorsal stream, including the ventral stream. Here we ask whether our previous finding would extend to cued expectations for haptic feedback. Our method involved a mirror apparatus that allowed participants to see a "virtual" target cylinder as a reflection in the mirror at the start of all trials. On "haptic feedback" trials, participants reached behind the mirror to grasp a size-matched cylinder, spatially coincident with the virtual one. On "no-haptic feedback" trials, participants reached behind the mirror and grasped into "thin air" because no cylinder was present. To manipulate haptic expectation, we organized the haptic conditions into blocked, alternating, and randomized schedules with and without verbal cues about the availability of haptic feedback. Replicating earlier work, we found the strongest haptic effects with the blocked schedules and the weakest effects in the randomized uncued schedule. Crucially, the haptic effects in the cued randomized schedule was intermediate. An analysis of the influence of the upcoming and immediately preceding haptic feedback condition in the cued and uncued random schedules showed that cuing the upcoming haptic condition shifted the haptic influence on grip aperture from the immediately preceding trial to the upcoming trial. These findings indicate that, unlike cues to the availability of visual feedback, participants take advantage of cues to the availability of haptic feedback, flexibly engaging pantomime, and natural modes of grasping to optimize the movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Whitwell
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan J Katz
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Melvyn A Goodale
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - James T Enns
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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A goal-driven modular neural network predicts parietofrontal neural dynamics during grasping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32124-32135. [PMID: 33257539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary ways we interact with the world is using our hands. In macaques, the circuit spanning the anterior intraparietal area, the hand area of the ventral premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex is necessary for transforming visual information into grasping movements. However, no comprehensive model exists that links all steps of processing from vision to action. We hypothesized that a recurrent neural network mimicking the modular structure of the anatomical circuit and trained to use visual features of objects to generate the required muscle dynamics used by primates to grasp objects would give insight into the computations of the grasping circuit. Internal activity of modular networks trained with these constraints strongly resembled neural activity recorded from the grasping circuit during grasping and paralleled the similarities between brain regions. Network activity during the different phases of the task could be explained by linear dynamics for maintaining a distributed movement plan across the network in the absence of visual stimulus and then generating the required muscle kinematics based on these initial conditions in a module-specific way. These modular models also outperformed alternative models at explaining neural data, despite the absence of neural data during training, suggesting that the inputs, outputs, and architectural constraints imposed were sufficient for recapitulating processing in the grasping circuit. Finally, targeted lesioning of modules produced deficits similar to those observed in lesion studies of the grasping circuit, providing a potential model for how brain regions may coordinate during the visually guided grasping of objects.
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Greulich RS, Adam R, Everling S, Scherberger H. Shared functional connectivity between the dorso-medial and dorso-ventral streams in macaques. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18610. [PMID: 33122655 PMCID: PMC7596572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of an object requires us to transport our hand towards the object (reach) and close our digits around that object (grasp). In current models, reach-related information is propagated in the dorso-medial stream from posterior parietal area V6A to medial intraparietal area, dorsal premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex. Grasp-related information is processed in the dorso-ventral stream from the anterior intraparietal area to ventral premotor cortex and the hand area of primary motor cortex. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the validity of this separation in separate processing streams. We investigated in 10 male rhesus macaques the whole-brain functional connectivity of these areas using resting state fMRI at 7-T. Although we found a clear separation between dorso-medial and dorso-ventral network connectivity in support of the two-stream hypothesis, we also found evidence of shared connectivity between these networks. The dorso-ventral network was distinctly correlated with high-order somatosensory areas and feeding related areas, whereas the dorso-medial network with visual areas and trunk/hindlimb motor areas. Shared connectivity was found in the superior frontal and precentral gyrus, central sulcus, intraparietal sulcus, precuneus, and insular cortex. These results suggest that while sensorimotor processing streams are functionally separated, they can access information through shared areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stefan Greulich
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ramina Adam
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Hansjörg Scherberger
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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van Polanen V, Rens G, Davare M. The role of the anterior intraparietal sulcus and the lateral occipital cortex in fingertip force scaling and weight perception during object lifting. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:557-573. [PMID: 32667252 PMCID: PMC7500375 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00771.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skillful object lifting relies on scaling fingertip forces according to the object’s weight. When no visual cues about weight are available, force planning relies on previous lifting experience. Recently, we showed that previously lifted objects also affect weight estimation, as objects are perceived to be lighter when lifted after heavy objects compared with after light ones. Here, we investigated the underlying neural mechanisms mediating these effects. We asked participants to lift objects and estimate their weight. Simultaneously, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the dynamic loading or static holding phase. Two subject groups received TMS over either the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) or the lateral occipital area (LO), known to be important nodes in object grasping and perception. We hypothesized that TMS over aIPS and LO during object lifting would alter force scaling and weight perception. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find effects of aIPS or LO stimulation on force planning or weight estimation caused by previous lifting experience. However, we found that TMS over both areas increased grip forces, but only when applied during dynamic loading, and decreased weight estimation, but only when applied during static holding, suggesting time-specific effects. Interestingly, our results also indicate that TMS over LO, but not aIPS, affected load force scaling specifically for heavy objects, which further indicates that load and grip forces might be controlled differently. These findings provide new insights on the interactions between brain networks mediating action and perception during object manipulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article provides new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying object lifting and perception. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation during object lifting, we show that effects of previous experience on force scaling and weight perception are not mediated by the anterior intraparietal sulcus or the lateral occipital cortex (LO). In contrast, we highlight a unique role for LO in load force scaling, suggesting different brain processes for grip and load force scaling in object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonne van Polanen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Rens
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Davare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Parikh PJ, Fine JM, Santello M. Dexterous Object Manipulation Requires Context-Dependent Sensorimotor Cortical Interactions in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3087-3101. [PMID: 31845726 PMCID: PMC7197080 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexterous object manipulation is a hallmark of human evolution and a critical skill for everyday activities. A previous work has used a grasping context that predominantly elicits memory-based control of digit forces by constraining where the object should be grasped. For this "constrained" grasping context, the primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in storage and retrieval of digit forces used in previous manipulations. In contrast, when choice of digit contact points is allowed ("unconstrained" grasping), behavioral studies revealed that forces are adjusted, on a trial-to-trial basis, as a function of digit position. This suggests a role of online feedback of digit position for force control. However, despite the ubiquitous nature of unconstrained hand-object interactions in activities of daily living, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. Using noninvasive brain stimulation, we found the role of primary motor cortex (M1) and somatosensory cortex (S1) to be sensitive to grasping context. In constrained grasping, M1 but not S1 is involved in storing and retrieving learned digit forces and position. In contrast, in unconstrained grasping, M1 and S1 are involved in modulating digit forces to position. Our findings suggest that the relative contribution of memory and online feedback modulates sensorimotor cortical interactions for dexterous manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav J Parikh
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA
| | - Justin M Fine
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA
| | - Marco Santello
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA
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Barlow S, Custead R, Lee J, Hozan M, Greenwood J. Wireless Sensing of Lower Lip and Thumb-Index Finger 'Ramp-and-Hold' Isometric Force Dynamics in a Small Cohort of Unilateral MCA Stroke: Discussion of Preliminary Findings. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20041221. [PMID: 32102239 PMCID: PMC7070866 DOI: 10.3390/s20041221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Automated wireless sensing of force dynamics during a visuomotor control task was used to rapidly assess residual motor function during finger pinch (right and left hand) and lower lip compression in a cohort of seven adult males with chronic, unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke with infarct confirmed by anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A matched cohort of 25 neurotypical adult males served as controls. Dependent variables were extracted from digitized records of ‘ramp-and-hold’ isometric contractions to target levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 Newtons) presented in a randomized block design; and included force reaction time, peak force, and dF/dtmax associated with force recruitment, and end-point accuracy and variability metrics during the contraction hold-phase (mean, SD, criterion percentage ‘on-target’). Maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) was also assessed to establish the force operating range. Results based on linear mixed modeling (LMM, adjusted for age and handedness) revealed significant patterns of dissolution in fine force regulation among MCA stroke participants, especially for the contralesional thumb-index finger followed by the ipsilesional digits, and the lower lip. For example, the contralesional thumb-index finger manifest increased reaction time, and greater overshoot in peak force during recruitment compared to controls. Impaired force regulation among MCA stroke participants during the contraction hold-phase was associated with significant increases in force SD, and dramatic reduction in the ability to regulate force output within prescribed target force window (±5% of target). Impaired force regulation during contraction hold-phase was greatest in the contralesional hand muscle group, followed by significant dissolution in ipsilateral digits, with smaller effects found for lower lip. These changes in fine force dynamics were accompanied by large reductions in the MVCF with the LMM marginal means for contralesional and ipsilesional pinch forces at just 34.77% (15.93 N vs. 45.82 N) and 66.45% (27.23 N vs. 40.98 N) of control performance, respectively. Biomechanical measures of fine force and MVCF performance in adult stroke survivors provide valuable information on the profile of residual motor function which can help inform clinical treatment strategies and quantitatively monitor the efficacy of rehabilitation or neuroprotection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Barlow
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; (R.C.); (M.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 230 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
- Center for Brain-Biology-Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-6395; Fax: +1-402-472-7697
| | - Rebecca Custead
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; (R.C.); (M.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology & Leadership, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41071, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Mohsen Hozan
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; (R.C.); (M.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 230 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
- Center for Brain-Biology-Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA
| | - Jacob Greenwood
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; (R.C.); (M.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 230 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
- Center for Brain-Biology-Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA
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Multivariate Analysis of Electrophysiological Signals Reveals the Temporal Properties of Visuomotor Computations for Precision Grips. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9585-9597. [PMID: 31628180 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0914-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The frontoparietal networks underlying grasping movements have been extensively studied, especially using fMRI. Accordingly, whereas much is known about their cortical locus much less is known about the temporal dynamics of visuomotor transformations. Here, we show that multivariate EEG analysis allows for detailed insights into the time course of visual and visuomotor computations of precision grasps. Male and female human participants first previewed one of several objects and, upon its reappearance, reached to grasp it with the thumb and index finger along one of its two symmetry axes. Object shape classifiers reached transient accuracies of 70% at ∼105 ms, especially based on scalp sites over visual cortex, dropping to lower levels thereafter. Grasp orientation classifiers relied on a system of occipital-to-frontal electrodes. Their accuracy rose concurrently with shape classification but ramped up more gradually, and the slope of the classification curve predicted individual reaction times. Further, cross-temporal generalization revealed that dynamic shape representation involved early and late neural generators that reactivated one another. In contrast, grasp computations involved a chain of generators attaining a sustained state about 100 ms before movement onset. Our results reveal the progression of visual and visuomotor representations over the course of planning and executing grasp movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Grasping an object requires the brain to perform visual-to-motor transformations of the object's properties. Although much of the neuroanatomic basis of visuomotor transformations has been uncovered, little is known about its time course. Here, we orthogonally manipulated object visual characteristics and grasp orientation, and used multivariate EEG analysis to reveal that visual and visuomotor computations follow similar time courses but display different properties and dynamics.
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The left cerebral hemisphere may be dominant for the control of bimanual symmetric reach-to-grasp movements. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:3297-3311. [PMID: 31664489 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has established that the left cerebral hemisphere is dominant for the control of continuous bimanual movements. The lateralisation of motor control for discrete bimanual movements, in contrast, is underexplored. The purpose of the current study was to investigate which (if either) hemisphere is dominant for discrete bimanual movements. Twenty-one participants made bimanual reach-to-grasp movements towards pieces of candy. Participants grasped the candy to either place it in their mouths (grasp-to-eat) or in a receptacle near their mouths (grasp-to-place). Research has shown smaller maximum grip apertures (MGAs) for unimanual grasp-to-eat movements than unimanual grasp-to-place movements when controlled by the left hemisphere. In Experiment 1, participants made bimanual symmetric movements where both hands made grasp-to-eat or grasp-to-place movements. We hypothesised that a left hemisphere dominance for bimanual movements would cause smaller MGAs in both hands during bimanual grasp-to-eat movements compared to those in bimanual grasp-to-place movements. The results revealed that MGAs were indeed smaller for bimanual grasp-to-eat movements than grasp-to-place movements. This supports that the left hemisphere may be dominant for the control of bimanual symmetric movements, which agrees with studies on continuous bimanual movements. In Experiment 2, participants made bimanual asymmetric movements where one hand made a grasp-to-eat movement while the other hand made a grasp-to-place movement. The results failed to support the potential predictions of left hemisphere dominance, right hemisphere dominance, or contralateral control.
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Marigold DS, Lajoie K, Heed T. No effect of triple-pulse TMS medial to intraparietal sulcus on online correction for target perturbations during goal-directed hand and foot reaches. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223986. [PMID: 31626636 PMCID: PMC6799897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is central to sensorimotor processing for goal-directed hand and foot movements. Yet, the specific role of PPC subregions in these functions is not clear. Previous human neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) work has suggested that PPC lateral to the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is involved in directing the arm, shaping the hand, and correcting both finger-shaping and hand trajectory during movement. The lateral localization of these functions agrees with the comparably lateral position of the hand and fingers within the motor and somatosensory homunculi along the central sulcus; this might suggest that, in analogy, (goal-directed) foot movements would be mediated by medial portions of PPC. However, foot movement planning activates similar regions for both hand and foot movement along the caudal-to-rostral axis of PPC, with some effector-specificity evident only rostrally, near the central regions of sensorimotor cortex. Here, we attempted to test the causal involvement of PPC regions medial to IPS in hand and foot reaching as well as online correction evoked by target displacement. Participants made hand and foot reaches towards identical visual targets. Sometimes, the target changed position 100–117 ms into the movement. We disturbed cortical processing over four positions medial to IPS with three pulses of TMS separated by 40 ms, both during trials with and without target displacement. We timed TMS to disrupt reach execution and online correction. TMS did not affect endpoint error, endpoint variability, or reach trajectories for hand or foot. While these negative results await replication with different TMS timing and parameters, we conclude that regions medial to IPS are involved in planning, rather than execution and online control, of goal-directed limb movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Marigold
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Lajoie
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tobias Heed
- Biopsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail:
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45
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van Dam WO, Almor A, Shinkareva SV, Kim J, Boiteau TW, Shay EA, Desai RH. Distinct neural mechanisms underlying conceptual knowledge of manner and instrument verbs. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107183. [PMID: 31493413 PMCID: PMC6817421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the organization of conceptual knowledge have examined categories of concrete nouns extensively. Less is known about the neural basis of verb categories suggested by linguistic theories. We used functional MRI to examine the differences between manner verbs, which encode information about the manner of an action, versus instrument verbs, which encode information about an object as part of their meaning. Using both visual and verbal stimuli and a combination of univariate and multivariate pattern analyses, our results show that accessing conceptual representations of instrument class involves brain regions typically associated with complex action and object perception, including the anterior inferior parietal cortex and occipito-temporal cortex. On the other hand, accessing conceptual representations of the manner class involves regions that are commonly associated with the processing of visual and biological motion, in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. These findings support the idea that the semantics of manner and instrument verbs are supported by distinct neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel O van Dam
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Amit Almor
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA; Linguistics Program, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Svetlana V Shinkareva
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jongwan Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Tim W Boiteau
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shay
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, USA.
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Borra E, Luppino G. Large-scale temporo–parieto–frontal networks for motor and cognitive motor functions in the primate brain. Cortex 2019; 118:19-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Goel R, Nakagome S, Rao N, Paloski WH, Contreras-Vidal JL, Parikh PJ. Fronto-Parietal Brain Areas Contribute to the Online Control of Posture during a Continuous Balance Task. Neuroscience 2019; 413:135-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Nelissen K, Fiave PA, Vanduffel W. Decoding Grasping Movements from the Parieto-Frontal Reaching Circuit in the Nonhuman Primate. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1245-1259. [PMID: 28334082 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prehension movements typically include a reaching phase, guiding the hand toward the object, and a grip phase, shaping the hand around it. The dominant view posits that these components rely upon largely independent parieto-frontal circuits: a dorso-medial circuit involved in reaching and a dorso-lateral circuit involved in grasping. However, mounting evidence suggests a more complex arrangement, with dorso-medial areas contributing to both reaching and grasping. To investigate the role of the dorso-medial reaching circuit in grasping, we trained monkeys to reach-and-grasp different objects in the dark and determined if hand configurations could be decoded from functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responses obtained from the reaching and grasping circuits. Indicative of their established role in grasping, object-specific grasp decoding was found in anterior intraparietal (AIP) area, inferior parietal lobule area PFG and ventral premotor region F5 of the lateral grasping circuit, and primary motor cortex. Importantly, the medial reaching circuit also conveyed robust grasp-specific information, as evidenced by significant decoding in parietal reach regions (particular V6A) and dorsal premotor region F2. These data support the proposed role of dorso-medial "reach" regions in controlling aspects of grasping and demonstrate the value of complementing univariate with more sensitive multivariate analyses of functional MRI (fMRI) data in uncovering information coding in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Nelissen
- Laboratory for Neuro- & Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Prosper Agbesi Fiave
- Laboratory for Neuro- & Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro- & Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martino's Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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49
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Romero MC, Davare M, Armendariz M, Janssen P. Neural effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation at the single-cell level. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2642. [PMID: 31201331 PMCID: PMC6572776 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can non-invasively modulate neural activity in humans. Despite three decades of research, the spatial extent of the cortical area activated by TMS is still controversial. Moreover, how TMS interacts with task-related activity during motor behavior is unknown. Here, we applied single-pulse TMS over macaque parietal cortex while recording single-unit activity at various distances from the center of stimulation during grasping. The spatial extent of TMS-induced activation is remarkably restricted, affecting the spiking activity of single neurons in an area of cortex measuring less than 2 mm in diameter. In task-related neurons, TMS evokes a transient excitation followed by reduced activity, paralleled by a significantly longer grasping time. Furthermore, TMS-induced activity and task-related activity do not summate in single neurons. These results furnish crucial experimental evidence for the neural effects of TMS at the single-cell level and uncover the neural underpinnings of behavioral effects of TMS. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can modulate human brain activity, but the extent of the cortical area activated by TMS is unclear. Here, the authors show that TMS affects monkey single neuron activity in an area less than 2 mm diameter, while TMS-induced activity and task-related activity do not summate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Romero
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Onderzoeksgroep Bewegingscontrole & Neuroplasticiteit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marco Davare
- Onderzoeksgroep Bewegingscontrole & Neuroplasticiteit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marcelo Armendariz
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Janssen
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lee-Miller T, Santello M, Gordon AM. Hand forces and placement are modulated and covary during anticipatory control of bimanual manipulation. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2276-2290. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00760.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexterous object manipulation relies on the feedforward and feedback control of kinetics (forces) and kinematics (hand shaping and digit placement). Lifting objects with an uneven mass distribution involves the generation of compensatory moments at object lift-off to counter object torques. This is accomplished through the modulation and covariation of digit forces and placement, which has been shown to be a general feature of unimanual manipulation. These feedforward anticipatory processes occur before performance-specific feedback. Whether this adaptation is a feature unique to unimanual dexterous manipulation or general across unimanual and bimanual manipulation is not known. We investigated the generation of compensatory moments through hand placement and force modulation during bimanual manipulation of an object with variable center of mass. Participants were instructed to prevent object roll during the lift. Similar to unimanual grasping, we found modulation and covariation of hand forces and placement for successful performance. Thus this motor adaptation of the anticipatory control of compensatory moment is a general feature across unimanual and bimanual effectors. Our results highlight the involvement of high-level representation of manipulation goals and underscore a sensorimotor circuitry for anticipatory control through a continuum of force and placement modulation of object manipulation across a range of effectors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study, to our knowledge, to show that successful bimanual manipulation of objects with asymmetrical centers of mass is performed through the modulation and covariation of hand forces and placements to generate compensatory moments. Digit force-to-placement modulation is thus a general phenomenon across multiple effectors, such as the fingers of one hand, and both hands. This adds to our understanding of integrating low-level internal representations of object properties into high-level task representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Lee-Miller
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Marco Santello
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Andrew M. Gordon
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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