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Wolter M, Lapointe T, Baidoo N, Mitchnick KA, Wideman C, Winters BD, Leri F. Double dissociation of perirhinal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and dopamine D2 receptors in modulation of object memory consolidation by nicotine, cocaine and their conditioned stimuli. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 72:50-59. [PMID: 37086715 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
There are indications that drug conditioned stimuli (CS) may activate neurochemical systems of memory modulation that are activated by the drugs themselves. To directly test this hypothesis, a cholinergic nicotinic receptor antagonist (mecamylamine; MEC: 0, 10 or 30 µg/side) and a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (l-741,626: 0, 0.63, 2.5 µg/side) were infused in the perirhinal cortex (PRh) to block modulation of object recognition memory consolidation induced by 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, 20 mg/kg cocaine, or their CSs. To establish these CSs, male Sprague-Dawley rats were confined for 2 h in a chamber, the CS+, after injections of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, or 20 mg/kg cocaine, and in another chamber, the CS-, after injections of vehicle. This was repeated over 10 days (5 drug/CS+ and 5 vehicle/CS- pairings in total). It was found that the memory enhancing action of post-sample nicotine was blocked by intra-PRh infusions of both MEC doses, and 30 µg/side MEC also blocked the memory enhancing action of the nicotine CS. Interestingly, intra-PRh MEC did not block the memory enhancing effect of cocaine, nor that of the cocaine CS. In contrast, the memory enhancing action of post-sample cocaine administration was blocked by both l-741,626 doses, and 2.5 µg/side also blocked the effect of the cocaine CS, but not the memory effects of nicotine or of the nicotine CS. This functional double dissociation strongly indicates that drug CSs modulate memory consolidation by activating neural systems that are activated by the drugs themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolter
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Specialization, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Thomas Lapointe
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Specialization, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Nana Baidoo
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Specialization, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | - Cassidy Wideman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Specialization, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Specialization, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Specialization, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada.
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Enriquez-Traba J, Yarur-Castillo HE, Flores RJ, Weil T, Roy S, Usdin TB, LaGamma CT, Arenivar M, Wang H, Tsai VS, Moritz AE, Sibley DR, Moratalla R, Freyberg ZZ, Tejeda HA. Dissociable control of motivation and reinforcement by distinct ventral striatal dopamine receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546539. [PMID: 37425766 PMCID: PMC10327105 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine release in striatal circuits, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), tracks separable features of reward such as motivation and reinforcement. However, the cellular and circuit mechanisms by which dopamine receptors transform dopamine release into distinct constructs of reward remain unclear. Here, we show that dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) signaling in the NAc drives motivated behavior by regulating local NAc microcircuits. Furthermore, D3Rs co-express with dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs), which regulate reinforcement, but not motivation. Paralleling dissociable roles in reward function, we report non-overlapping physiological actions of D3R and D1R signaling in NAc neurons. Our results establish a novel cellular framework wherein dopamine signaling within the same NAc cell type is physiologically compartmentalized via actions on distinct dopamine receptors. This structural and functional organization provides neurons in a limbic circuit with the unique ability to orchestrate dissociable aspects of reward-related behaviors that are relevant to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Lapointe T, Francis T, Doray K, Leri F. Enhancement of memory consolidation by an avoidance conditioned stimulus: Modulation by the D3 receptor. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109572. [PMID: 37149214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned stimuli (CS) paired with foot-shock can enhance memory consolidation. Because the dopamine D3R has been implicated in mediating various responses to CSs, the current study explored its potential role in modulation of memory consolidation by an avoidance CS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to avoid foot-shocks in a two-way signalled active avoidance task (8 sessions, 30 trials per session, 0.8 mA foot-shock) were pre-treated with the D3R antagonist NGB-2904 (Vehicle, 0.1 or 5 mg/kg) and exposed to the CS immediately after the sample phase of an object recognition memory task. Discrimination ratios were assessed 72 h later. Immediate, but not delayed (6 h), post-sample exposure to the CS enhanced object recognition memory and this effect was dose-dependently blocked by NGB-2904. Control experiments with the beta-noradrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (10 or 20 mg/kg) and D2R antagonist pimozide (0.2 or 0.6 mg/kg) indicated that NGB-2904 targeted post-training memory consolidation. Exploring the pharmacological selectivity of the D3R effect, it was found that: 1) 5 mg/kg NGB-2904 blocked conditioned memory modulation produced by post-sample exposure to a "weak" CS (one day of avoidance training) and concurrent stimulation of catecholamine activity by 10 mg/kg bupropion; 2) post-sample exposure to a "weak" CS and concurrent administration of the D3R agonist 7-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) enhanced consolidation of object memory. Finally, because 5 mg/kg NGB-2904 had no effect on modulation by avoidance training in the presence of foot-shocks, the findings herein support the hypothesis that the D3R plays an important role in modulation of memory consolidation by CSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lapointe
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Travis Francis
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kamrani Doray
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Wilson R, Lin K, Wing-Yan King G, Bruijnzeel AW. The D1/D2-like receptor antagonist flupentixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist L-741626 decrease operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity in male and female rats. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:216-228. [PMID: 36680471 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221147141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reinforcing properties of nicotine play a critical role in smoking and vaping. There is a need for treatments that decrease the reinforcing properties of nicotine and thereby improve smoking and vaping rates. Dopamine plays a role in the reinforcing properties of nicotine, but little is known about the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in nicotine intake and whether there are sex differences in the effects of dopaminergic drugs on nicotine intake. AIM The goal of the present studies was to investigate the effects of the D1/D2-like receptor antagonist flupentixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist L-741626 on nicotine self-administration in male and female rats. METHODS The effects of flupentixol and L-741626 on operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity in a small open field were investigated. RESULTS There were no sex differences in baseline nicotine intake. The D1/D2-like receptor antagonist flupentixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist L-741626 decreased operant responding for nicotine. Blockade of D1/D2-like receptors and blockade of D2-like receptors also decreased operant responding for food and decreased locomotor activity. Flupentixol induced a greater decrease in operant responding for food in males than females. However, in the other tests, there were no sex differences in the effects of the dopamine receptor antagonists. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of D1/D2-like receptors with flupentixol and D2-like receptors with L-741626 decreases nicotine and food intake in rats of both sexes. These compounds also decrease locomotor activity which might be indicative of a sedative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ghareh H, Alonso-Lozares I, Schetters D, Herman RJ, Heistek TS, Van Mourik Y, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Zernig G, Mansvelder HD, De Vries TJ, Marchant NJ. Role of anterior insula cortex in context-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking. eLife 2022; 11:75609. [PMID: 35536612 PMCID: PMC9119676 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and relapse during abstinence remains the critical barrier to successful treatment of tobacco addiction. During abstinence, environmental contexts associated with nicotine use can induce craving and contribute to relapse. The insular cortex (IC) is thought to be a critical substrate of nicotine addiction and relapse. However, its specific role in context-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking is not fully known. In this study, we report a novel rodent model of context-induced relapse to nicotine-seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence, which models self-imposed abstinence through increasing negative consequences of excessive drug use. Using the neuronal activity marker Fos we find that the anterior (aIC), but not the middle or posterior IC, shows increased activity during context-induced relapse. Combining Fos with retrograde labeling of aIC inputs, we show projections to aIC from contralateral aIC and basolateral amygdala exhibit increased activity during context-induced relapse. Next, we used fiber photometry in aIC and observed phasic increases in aIC activity around nicotine-seeking responses during self-administration, punishment, and the context-induced relapse tests. Next, we used chemogenetic inhibition in both male and female rats to determine whether activity in aIC is necessary for context-induced relapse. We found that chemogenetic inhibition of aIC decreased context-induced nicotine-seeking after either punishment- or extinction-imposed abstinence. These findings highlight the critical role nicotine-associated contexts play in promoting relapse, and they show that aIC activity is critical for this context-induced relapse following both punishment and extinction-imposed abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghareh
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isis Alonso-Lozares
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rae J Herman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvar Van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald Zernig
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathan J Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. A Historical Perspective on the Dopamine D3 Receptor. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 60:1-28. [PMID: 35467293 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Before 1990, the multiplicity of dopamine receptors beyond D1 and D2 had remained a controversial concept, despite its substantial clinical implications, at a time when it was widely accepted that dopamine interacted with only two receptor subtypes, termed D1 and D2, differing one from the other by their pharmacological specificity and opposite effects on adenylyl cyclase. It was also generally admitted that the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotics resulted from blockade of D2 receptors. Thanks to molecular biology techniques, the D3 receptor could be characterized as a distinct molecular entity having a restricted anatomical gene expression and different signaling, which could imply peculiar functions in controlling cognitive and emotional behaviors. Due to the structural similarities of D2 and D3 receptors, the search for D3-selective compounds proved to be difficult, but nevertheless led to the identification of fairly potent and in vitro and in vivo selective compounds. The latter permitted to confirm a role of D3 receptors in motor functions, addiction, cognition, and schizophrenia, which paved the way for the development of new drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, 5, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
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Salaberry NL, Mendoza J. The circadian clock in the mouse habenula is set by catecholamines. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:261-274. [PMID: 34816282 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are those variations in behavioral and molecular processes of organisms that follow roughly 24 h cycles in the absence of any external cue. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) harbors the principal brain pacemaker driving circadian rhythms. The epithalamic habenula (Hb) contains a self-sustained circadian clock functionally coupled to the SCN. Anatomically, the Hb projects to the midbrain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) systems, and it receives inputs from the forebrain, midbrain, and brainstem. The SCN is set by internal signals such as 5-HT or melatonin from the raphe nuclei and pineal gland, respectively. However, how the Hb clock is set by internal cues is not well characterized. Hence, in the present study, we determined whether DA, noradrenaline (NA), 5-HT, and the neuropeptides orexin (ORX) and vasopressin influence the Hb circadian clock. Using PER2::Luciferase transgenic mice, we found that the amplitude of the PER2 protein circadian oscillations from Hb explants was strongly affected by DA and NA. Importantly, these effects were dose-and region (rostral vs. caudal) dependent for NA, with a main effect in the caudal part of the Hb. Furthermore, ORX also induced a significant change in the amplitude of PER2 protein oscillations in the caudal Hb. In conclusion, catecholaminergic (DA, NA) and ORXergic transmission impacts the clock properties of the Hb clock likely contributing to the circadian regulation of motivated behaviors. Accordingly, pathological conditions that lead in alterations of catecholamine or ORX activity (drug intake, compulsive feeding) might affect the Hb clock and conduct to circadian disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Salaberry
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR-3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR-3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
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Wolter M, Lapointe T, Melanson B, Baidoo N, Francis T, Winters BD, Leri F. Memory enhancing effects of nicotine, cocaine, and their conditioned stimuli; effects of beta-adrenergic and dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2617-2628. [PMID: 34175982 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that post-training exposure to nicotine, cocaine, and their conditioned stimuli (CS), enhance memory consolidation in rats. The present study assessed the effects of blocking noradrenergic and dopaminergic receptors on nicotine and cocaine unconditioned and conditioned memory modulation. METHODS Males Sprague-Dawley rats tested on the spontaneous object recognition task received post-sample exposure to 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, 20 mg/kg cocaine, or their CSs, in combination with 5-10 mg/kg propranolol (PRO; beta-adrenergic antagonist) or 0.2-0.6 mg/kg pimozide (PIM; dopamine D2 receptor antagonist). The CSs were established by confining rats in a chamber (the CS +) after injections of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, or 20 mg/kg cocaine, for 2 h and in another chamber (the CS -) after injections of vehicle, repeated over 10 days (5 drug/CS + and 5 vehicle/CS - pairings in total). Object memory was tested 72 h post sample in drug-free animals. RESULTS Co-administration of PRO or PIM blocked the memory-enhancing effects of post-training injections of nicotine, cocaine, and, importantly, exposure to their CSs. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that nicotine, cocaine as well as their conditioned stimuli share actions on overlapping noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems to modulate memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolter
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Lapointe
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brett Melanson
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nana Baidoo
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Travis Francis
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Acetaldehyde Excitation of Lateral Habenular Neurons via Multiple Cellular Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7532-7545. [PMID: 34326141 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2913-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (ACD), the first metabolite of ethanol, is implicated in several of ethanol's actions, including the reinforcing and aversive effects. The neuronal mechanisms underlying ACD's aversive effect, however, are poorly understood. The lateral habenula (LHb), a regulator of midbrain monoaminergic centers, is activated by negative valence events. Although the LHb has been linked to the aversive responses of several abused drugs, including ethanol, little is known about ACD. We, therefore, assessed ACD's action on LHb neurons in rats. The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of ACD increased cFos protein expression within the LHb and that intra-LHb infusion of ACD induced conditioned place aversion in male rats. Furthermore, electrophysiological recording in brain slices of male and female rats showed that bath application of ACD facilitated spontaneous firing and glutamatergic transmission. This effect of ACD was potentiated by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor, disulfiram (DS), but attenuated by the antagonists of dopamine (DA) receptor (DAR) subtype 1 (SCH23390) and subtype 2 (raclopride), and partly abolished by the pretreatment of DA or DA reuptake blocker (GBR12935; GBR). Moreover, application of ACD initiated a depolarizing inward current (I ACD) and enhanced the hyperpolarizing-activated currents in LHb neurons. Bath application of Rp-cAMPs, a selective cAMP-PKA inhibitor, attenuated ACD-induced potentiation of EPSCs and I ACD Finally, bath application of ZD7288, a selective blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, attenuated ACD-induced potentiation of firing, EPSCs, and I ACD These results show that ACD exerts its aversive property by exciting LHb neurons via multiple cellular mechanisms, and new treatments targeting the LHb may be beneficial for alcoholism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Acetaldehyde (ACD) has been considered aversive peripherally and rewarding centrally. However, whether ACD has a central aversive property is unclear. Here, we report that ACD excites the lateral habenula (LHb), a brain region associated with aversion and negative valence, through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Intra-LHb ACD produces significant conditioned place aversion. These results suggest that ACD's actions on the LHb neurons might contribute to its central aversive property and new treatments targeting the LHb may be beneficial for alcoholism.
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Butler K, Forget B, Heishman SJ, Le Foll B. Significant association of nicotine reinforcement and cue reactivity: a translational study in humans and rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:212-219. [PMID: 33660663 PMCID: PMC7965230 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is common amongst smokers attempting to quit and tobacco cue-induced craving is an important relapse mechanism. Preclinical studies commonly use cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking to investigate relapse neurobiology. Previous research suggests dependence severity and nicotine intake history affect smoking resumption and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. However, behavioural data may be interpreted in terms of nicotine reinforcement. This translational study investigated if individual differences in objectively assessed nicotine reinforcement strength were associated with cue-reactivity in both rats and human smokers, which to our knowledge has not been investigated before. Rats (n = 16) were trained to self-administer nicotine and were tested on a progressive ratio schedule of nicotine reinforcement, to assess reinforcer strength, and on a test of cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Nicotine reinforcement strength was assessed in human smokers (n = 104) using a forced choice task (nicotine containing vs. denicotinised cigarettes) and self-reported cue-induced craving was assessed following exposure to smoking and neutral cues. Responding for nicotine under progressive ratio was strongly positively correlated with cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats. Nicotine choices in human smokers were significantly associated with cue-induced craving controlling for dependence severity, years of smoking, and urge to smoke following neutral cues. Findings suggest nicotine reinforcement strength is associated with both types of cue-induced behaviour, implying some translational commonality between cue-induced craving in human smokers and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats. Findings are discussed in relation to clinical implications and whether these laboratory tasks assess drug 'wanting'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Butler
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoît Forget
- Department of Neuroscience, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J Heishman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Volkow ND, Blanco C. The changing opioid crisis: development, challenges and opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:218-233. [PMID: 32020048 PMCID: PMC7398847 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current opioid epidemic is one of the most severe public health crisis in US history. Responding to it has been difficult due to its rapidly changing nature and the severity of its associated outcomes. This review examines the origin and evolution of the crisis, the pharmacological properties of opioids, the neurobiology of opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD), medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and existing and promising approaches to prevention. The results of the review indicate that the opioid epidemic is a complex, evolving phenomenon that involves neurobiological vulnerabilities and social determinants of health. Successfully addressing the epidemic will require advances in basic science, development of more acceptable and effective treatments, and implementation of public health approaches, including prevention. The advances achieved in addressing the current crisis should also serve to advance the science and treatment of other substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Scuppa G, Tambalo S, Pfarr S, Sommer WH, Bifone A. Aberrant insular cortex connectivity in abstinent alcohol-dependent rats is reversed by dopamine D3 receptor blockade. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12744. [PMID: 30907042 PMCID: PMC7187338 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A few studies have reported aberrant functional connectivity in alcoholic patients, but the specific neural circuits involved remain unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether these alterations can be reversed upon treatment. Here, we used functional MRI to study resting state connectivity in rats following chronic intermittent exposure to ethanol. Further, we evaluated the effects of SB-277011-a, a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, known to decrease ethanol consumption. Alcohol-dependent and control rats (N = 13/14 per group), 3 weeks into abstinence, were administered SB-277011-a or vehicle before fMRI sessions. Resting state connectivity networks were extracted by independent component analysis. A dual-regression analysis was performed using independent component maps as spatial regressors, and the effects of alcohol history and treatment on connectivity were assessed. A history of alcohol dependence caused widespread reduction of the internal coherence of components. Weaker correlation was also found between the insula cortex (IC) and cingulate cortices, key constituents of the salience network. Similarly, reduced connectivity was observed between a component comprising the anterior insular cortex, together with the caudate putamen (CPu-AntIns), and the posterior part of the IC. On the other hand, postdependent rats showed strengthened connectivity between salience and reward networks. In particular, higher connectivity was observed between insula and nucleus accumbens, between the ventral tegmental area and the cingulate cortex and between the VTA and CPu-AntIns. Interestingly, aberrant connectivity in postdependent rats was partially restored by acute administration of SB-277011-a, which, conversely, had no significant effects in naïve rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scuppa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive SystemsIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
| | - Stefano Tambalo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive SystemsIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
| | - Simone Pfarr
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive SystemsIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaRoveretoItaly
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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13
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Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist YQA14 inhibits morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in wild type, but not in dopamine D3 receptor knockout mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:583-588. [PMID: 30224637 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing preclinical evidence demonstrates that dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists are a potential option for the treatment of drug addiction. The reinstatement of the addiction can be triggered by environmental stimuli that acquire motivational salience through repeated associations with the drug's effects. YQA14 is a novel D3R antagonist that has exhibited pharmacotherapeutic efficacy in reducing cocaine and amphetamine reward and relapse to drug seeking in mice. In this study we investigated the effects of YQA14 on morphine-induced context-specific locomotor sensitization in mice. We showed that repeated injection of YQA14 (6.25-25 mg/kg every day ip) prior to morphine (10 mg/kg every day sc) not only inhibited the acquisition, but also significantly attenuated the expression of morphine-induced locomotor sensitization. Furthermore, in the expression phase, one single injection of YQA14 (6.25-25 mg/kg, ip) dose-dependently inhibited the expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Moreover, YQA14 inhibited the expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in wild mice (WT), but not in D3R knockout (D3R-/-) mice in the expression phase. In addition, D3R-/- mice also displayed the reduction in the expression phase compared with WT mice. In summary, this study demonstrates that blockade or knockout of the D3R inhibits morphine-induced behavior sensitization, suggesting that D3R plays an important role in the pathogenesis and etiology of morphine addiction, and it might be a potential target for clinical management of opioid addiction.
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Yazdani MA, Anwar MJ, Parveen B, Vohora D. Comparative Evaluation of A Partial Dopamine Agonist with A Preferential D2 and D3 Receptor Antagonist on Ethanol Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2211556007666180705130103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The role of dopamine receptor sub-families in the rewarding and reinforcing
effects of drugs of abuse has been established in numerous studies.
</P><P>
Objectives: In view of the extensive role of mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission in rewarding
and reinforcing effect of abused drugs including ethanol, the present study evaluated
three mechanistically different drugs viz a partial dopaminergic agonist (PDA, aripiprazole),
preferential D3 (mixed D2/D3) receptor antagonist (nafadotride), and a preferential D2 antagonist
(haloperidol), on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice.
</P><P>
Method: The study was carried out in Swiss strain albino mice. Ethanol (20%, 2g/kg) was
used to induce CPP in mice. After the acquisition of CPP, behavioral tests (elevated plus
maze and locomotor activity) were conducted and effect of drugs on expression and on reinstatement
(after extinction) was studied.
Results:
We found that aripiprazole (1 and 2 mg/kg but not 0.5mg/kg), haloperidol (0.2
mg/kg), and nafadotride (4.5 mg/kg) administered for 1 week during the conditioning phase
prevented acquisition, expression and reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. All the three
drugs reduced the ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and produced antianxiety effects in
elevated plus maze following the acquisition of ethanol CPP.
Conclusion:
Partial dopaminergic agonism by aripiprazole was found to be a better strategy
for normalizing dopaminergic neurotransmission in alcoholics as seen in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal Yazdani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Muhammad Jamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Schmidt HD, Rupprecht LE, Addy NA. Neurobiological and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Nicotine Seeking and Smoking Relapse. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 4:169-189. [PMID: 30815453 PMCID: PMC6388439 DOI: 10.1159/000494799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-related morbidity and mortality continue to be a significant public health concern. Unfortunately, current FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the neurobiological and neurophysiological mechanisms that promote smoking relapse is needed to develop novel smoking cessation medications. Here, we review preclinical studies focused on identifying the neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems that mediate nicotine relapse, often modeled in laboratory animals using the reinstatement paradigm, as well as the plasticity-dependent neurophysiological mechanisms that facilitate nicotine reinstatement. Particular emphasis is placed on how these neuroadaptations relate to smoking relapse in humans. We also highlight a number of important gaps in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying nicotine reinstatement and critical future directions, which may lead toward the development of novel, target pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath D. Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E. Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nii A. Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Huang AS, Mitchell JA, Haber SN, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. The thalamus in drug addiction: from rodents to humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0028. [PMID: 29352027 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments in response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) have been proposed to underlie the clinical symptoms of drug addiction as mediated by cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical networks. The bulk of evidence supporting the iRISA model comes from neuroimaging research that has focused on cortical and striatal influences with less emphasis on the role of the thalamus. Here, we highlight the importance of the thalamus in drug addiction, focusing on animal literature findings on thalamic nuclei in the context of drug-seeking, structural and functional changes of the thalamus as measured by imaging studies in human drug addiction, particularly during drug cue and non-drug reward processing, and response inhibition tasks. Findings from the animal literature suggest that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral habenula and the mediodorsal nucleus may be involved in the reinstatement, extinction and expression of drug-seeking behaviours. In support of the iRISA model, the human addiction imaging literature demonstrates enhanced thalamus activation when reacting to drug cues and reduced thalamus activation during response inhibition. This pattern of response was further associated with the severity of, and relapse in, drug addiction. Future animal studies could widen their field of focus by investigating the specific role(s) of different thalamic nuclei in different phases of the addiction cycle. Similarly, future human imaging studies should aim to specifically delineate the structure and function of different thalamic nuclei, for example, through the application of advanced imaging protocols at higher magnetic fields (7 Tesla).This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Suzanne N Haber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Quintero Garzola GC. Review: brain neurobiology of gambling disorder based on rodent models. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1751-1770. [PMID: 31308669 PMCID: PMC6612953 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s192746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different literature reviews of gambling disorder (GD) neurobiology have been focused on human studies, others have focused on rodents, and others combined human and rodent studies. The main question of this review was: which are the main neurotransmitters systems and brain structures relevant for GD based on recent rodent studies? This work aims to review the experimental findings regarding the rodent´s neurobiology of GD. A search in the Pub Med database was set (October 2012-October 2017) and 162 references were obtained. After screening, 121 references were excluded, and only 41 references remained from the initial output. More, other 25 references were added to complement (introduction section, neuroanatomical descriptions) the principal part of the work. At the end, a total of 66 references remained for the review. The main conclusions are: 1) according to studies that used noninvasive methods for drug administration, some of the neurotransmitters and receptors involved in behaviors related to GD are: muscarinic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), dopamine 2 receptor (D2), dopamine 3 receptor (D3), and dopamine 4 receptor (D4); 2) moreover, there are other neurotransmitters and receptors involved in GD based on studies that use invasive methods of drug administration (eg, brain microinjection); example of these are: serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A), noradrenaline receptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA), and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor B (GABAB); 3) different brain structures are relevant to behaviors linked to GD, like: amygdala (including basolateral amygdala (BLA)), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, infralimbic area, insular cortex (anterior and rostral agranular), nucleus accumbens (NAc), olfactory tubercle (island of Calleja), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), prefrontal cortex (PFC) - subcortical network, striatum (ventral) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN); and 4) the search for GD treatments should consider this diversity of receptor/neurotransmitter systems and brain areas.
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18
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Le Foll B, French L. Transcriptomic Characterization of the Human Habenula Highlights Drug Metabolism and the Neuroimmune System. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:742. [PMID: 30429765 PMCID: PMC6220030 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to size and accessibility, most information about the habenula is derived from rodent studies. To better understand the molecular signature of the habenula we characterized the genes that have high expression in the habenula. We compared anatomical expression profiles of three normal adult human brains and four fetal brains. We used gene set enrichment analyses to determine if genes annotated to specific molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes are enriched in the habenula. We also tested gene sets related to depression and addiction to determine if they uniquely involve the habenula. As expected, we observed high habenular expression of GPR151, nicotinic cholinergic receptors, and cilia-associated genes (medial division). Genes identified in genetic studies of smoking and associated with nicotine response were enriched in the habenula. Genes associated with major depressive disorder did not have enriched expression in the habenula but genes negatively correlated with hedonic well-being were, providing a link to anhedonia. We observed enrichment of genes associated with diseases that are comorbid with addictions (hematopoiesis, thrombosis, liver cirrhosis, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis) and depression (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and kidney disease). These inflammatory diseases mark a neuroimmune signature that is supported by genes associated with mast cells, acute inflammatory response, and leukocyte migration. We also found enrichment of cytochrome p450 genes suggesting the habenula is uniquely sensitive to endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Our results suggest the habenula receives negative reward signals from immune and drug processing molecules. This is consistent with the habenular role in the "anti-reward" system and suggests it may be a key bridge between autoimmune disorders, drug use, and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Le Foll
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Wang S, Wang X, Lin W, Bao S, Wang B, Wu B, Su Y, Lian Q. Dopamine D 1 Receptor Within Basolateral Amygdala Is Involved in Propofol Relapse Behavior Induced by Cues. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2393-2403. [PMID: 30357654 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Propofol has been proven to be potentially abused by humans and laboratory animals; however, studies that have examined propofol relapse behavior are limited, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether basolateral amygdala-specific or systematic administration of the dopamine receptor antagonist alters cue-induced propofol-seeking behaviors in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats first received 14 days of propofol self-administration training, where active nose poke resulted in the delivery of propofol infusion paired with a tone and light cues. After 1-30 days of forced abstinence, the cue-induced propofol-seeking behaviors were tested in the operant chamber. We demonstrated, for the first time, after a few days of withdrawal from intravenous bolus administration of propofol, propofol-related cues could induce robust reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Systematic administration of dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH-23390) or dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (spiperone) inhibited propofol relapse behavior induced by drug-related cues. Furthermore, we show that microinfusion of SCH-23390 into basolateral amygdala dose-dependently attenuated cue-induced propofol drug-seeking behavior, whereas infusion of spiperone had no effect on the propofol relapse behavior. Our results reveal the involvement of dopamine receptors within the basolateral amygdala in the cue-induced propofol relapse behavior in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xue-yuan Road(West), Lu-cheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Wenxuan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Suhao Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xue-yuan Road(West), Lu-cheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Benfu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xue-yuan Road(West), Lu-cheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xue-yuan Road(West), Lu-cheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xue-yuan Road(West), Lu-cheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xue-yuan Road(West), Lu-cheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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20
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An analysis of the rewarding and aversive associative properties of nicotine in the neonatal quinpirole model: Effects on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Schizophr Res 2018; 194:107-114. [PMID: 28314679 PMCID: PMC5599315 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the associative properties of nicotine in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in adolescent rats neonatally treated with quinpirole (NQ) or saline (NS). NQ produces dopamine D2 receptor supersensitivity that persists throughout the animal's lifetime, and therefore has relevance towards schizophrenia. In two experiments, rats were ip administered quinpirole (1mg/kg) or saline from postnatal day (P)1-21. After an initial preference test at P42-43, animals were conditioned for eight consecutive days with saline or nicotine (0.6mg/kg free base) in Experiment 1 or saline or nicotine (1.8mg/kg free base) in Experiment 2. In addition, there were NQ and NS groups in each experiment given the antipsychotic haloperidol (0.05mg/kg) or clozapine (2.5mg/kg) before nicotine conditioning. A drug free post-conditioning test was administered at P52. At P53, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was analyzed for glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Results revealed that NQ enhanced nicotine CPP, but blunted the aversive properties of nicotine. Haloperidol was more effective than clozapine at blocking nicotine CPP in Experiment 1, but neither antipsychotic affected nicotine conditioned place aversion in Experiment 2. NQ increased accumbal GDNF which was sensitized in NQ rats conditioned to nicotine in Experiment 1, but the aversive dose of nicotine reduced GDNF in NQ animals in Experiment 2. Both antipsychotics in combination with the aversive dose of nicotine decreased accumbal GDNF. In sum, increased D2 receptor sensitivity influenced the associative properties and GDNF response to nicotine which has implications towards pharmacological targets for smoking cessation in schizophrenia.
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21
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Targeting the intracellular signaling "STOP" and "GO" pathways for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1727-1743. [PMID: 29654346 PMCID: PMC5949137 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research has identified the molecular and neural substrates underlying the transition of moderate "social" consumption of alcohol to the characteristic alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenotypes including excessive and compulsive alcohol use which we define in the review as the GO signaling pathways. In addition, growing evidence points to the existence of molecular mechanisms that keep alcohol consumption in check and that confer resilience for the development of AUD which we define herein as the STOP signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on examples of the GO and the STOP intracellular signaling pathways and discuss our current knowledge of how manipulations of these pathways may be used for the treatment of AUD.
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22
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Zahm DS, Root DH. Review of the cytology and connections of the lateral habenula, an avatar of adaptive behaving. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 162:3-21. [PMID: 28647565 PMCID: PMC5659881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytology and connections of the lateral habenula (LHb) are reviewed. The habenula is first introduced, after which the cytology of the LHb is discussed mainly with reference to cell types, general topography and descriptions of subnuclei. An overview of LHb afferent connections is given followed by some details about the projections to LHb from a number of structures. An overview of lateral habenula efferent connections is given followed by some details about the projections from LHb to a number of structures. In considering the afferent and efferent connections of the LHb some attention is given to the relative validity of regarding it as a bi-partite structure featuring 'limbic' and 'pallidal' parts. The paper ends with some concluding remarks about the relative place of the LHb in adaptive behaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Zahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - David H Root
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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Opiate exposure state controls dopamine D3 receptor and cdk5/calcineurin signaling in the basolateral amygdala during reward and withdrawal aversion memory formation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28627448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (D3R) is highly expressed in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), a neural region critical for processing opiate-related reward and withdrawal aversion-related memories. Functionally, D3R transmission is linked to downstream Cdk5 and calcineurin signaling, both of which regulate D3R activity states and play critical roles in memory-related synaptic plasticity. Previous evidence links D3R transmission to opiate-related memory processing, however little is known regarding how chronic opiate exposure may alter D3R-dependent memory mechanisms. Using conditioned place preference (CPP) and withdrawal aversion (conditioned place aversion; CPA) procedures in rats, combined with molecular analyses of BLA protein expression, we examined the effects of chronic opiate exposure on the functional role of intra-BLA D3R transmission during the acquisition of opiate reward or withdrawal aversion memories. Remarkably, we report that the state of opiate exposure during behavioural conditioning (opiate-naïve/non-dependent vs. chronically exposed and in withdrawal) controlled the functional role of intra-BLA D3R transmission during the acquisition of both opiate reward memories and withdrawal-aversion associative memories. Thus, whereas intra-BLA D3R blockade had no effect on opiate reward memory formation in the non-dependent state, blockade of intra-BLA D3R transmission prevented the formation of opiate reward and withdrawal aversion memory in the chronically exposed state. This switch in the functional role of D3R transmission corresponded to significant increases in Cdk5 phosphorylation and total expression levels of calcineurin, and a corresponding decrease in intra-BLA D3R expression. Inhibition of either intra-BLA Cdk5 or calcineurin reversed these effects, switching intra-BLA associative memory formation back to a D3R-independent mechanism.
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Fore S, Palumbo F, Pelgrims R, Yaksi E. Information processing in the vertebrate habenula. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:130-139. [PMID: 28797836 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The habenula is a brain region that has gained increasing popularity over the recent years due to its role in processing value-related and experience-dependent information with a strong link to depression, addiction, sleep and social interactions. This small diencephalic nucleus is proposed to act as a multimodal hub or a switchboard, where inputs from different brain regions converge. These diverse inputs to the habenula carry information about the sensory world and the animal's internal state, such as reward expectation or mood. However, it is not clear how these diverse habenular inputs interact with each other and how such interactions contribute to the function of habenular circuits in regulating behavioral responses in various tasks and contexts. In this review, we aim to discuss how information processing in habenular circuits, can contribute to specific behavioral programs that are attributed to the habenula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fore
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, Norwegian Brain Centre, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fabrizio Palumbo
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, Norwegian Brain Centre, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robbrecht Pelgrims
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, Norwegian Brain Centre, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, Norwegian Brain Centre, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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25
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Shah A, Zuo W, Kang S, Li J, Fu R, Zhang H, Bekker A, Ye JH. The lateral habenula and alcohol: Role of glutamate and M-type potassium channels. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017. [PMID: 28624587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) or alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Our knowledge of alcoholism hinges on our understanding of its effects on the brain. This review will center on the effects of alcohol in the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure that connects the forebrain with the midbrain and encodes aversive signaling. Like many addictive drugs, alcohol has both rewarding and aversive properties. While alcohol's euphoric property is believed to be important for the initiation of drinking, increasing evidence suggests that alcohol's negative affect plays a critical role in excessive drinking and alcohol dependence. During withdrawal and abstinence, alcoholics often experience anxiety and depressions, both of which have been implicated in relapse drinking. This review focuses on the recent accumulation of knowledge about the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the activity of and synaptic transmissions on LHb neurons, as well as the effects of manipulation of LHb function on alcohol consumption and related behaviors. Recent evidence highlights a critical role for the LHb in AUD and related psychiatric ailments. Multidisciplinary work in animals collectively suggests that LHb function and activity, including M-type potassium channels and glutamatergic transmission are altered by acute and repeated chronic alcohol exposure. We will also discuss how functional, pharmacological, and chemogenetic manipulation of the LHb affects ethanol drinking and psychiatric disorders occurring in animals withdrawn from chronic alcohol exposure. Conceivable mechanisms behind these effects and their potential as targets for therapies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Zuo W, Fu R, Hopf FW, Xie G, Krnjević K, Li J, Ye JH. Ethanol drives aversive conditioning through dopamine 1 receptor and glutamate receptor-mediated activation of lateral habenula neurons. Addict Biol 2017; 22:103-116. [PMID: 26283508 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb) given its potent regulatory role in many aversion-related behaviors. Interestingly, ethanol can be rewarding as well as aversive; we therefore investigated whether ethanol exposure alters pacemaker firing or glutamate receptor signaling in LHb neurons in vitro and also whether LHb activity in vivo might contribute to the acquisition of conditioned place aversion to ethanol. Surprisingly, in epithalamic slices, low doses of ethanol (1.4 mM) strongly accelerated LHb neuron firing (by ~60%), and ethanol's effects were much reduced by blocking glutamate receptors. Ethanol increased presynaptic glutamate release, and about half of this effect was mediated by dopamine subtype 1 receptors (D1Rs) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways. In agreement with these findings, c-Fos immunoreactivity in LHb regions was enhanced after a single administration of a low dose of ethanol (0.25 g/kg i.p.). Importantly, the same dose of ethanol in vivo also produced strong conditioned place aversion, and this was prevented by inhibiting D1Rs or neuronal activity within the LHb. By contrast, a higher dose (2 g/kg) led to ethanol conditioned place preference, which was enhanced by inhibiting neuronal activity or D1Rs within the LHb and suppressed by infusing aminomethylphosphonic acid or the D1R agonist SKF38393 within the LHb. Our in vitro and in vivo observations show, for the first time, that ethanol increases LHb excitation, mediated by D1R and glutamate receptors, and may underlie a LHb aversive signal that contributes to ethanol-related aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Newark NJ USA
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Newark NJ USA
| | - Frederic Woodward Hopf
- Department of Neurology; University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Guiqin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Newark NJ USA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Newark NJ USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Newark NJ USA
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Tandon S, Keefe KA, Taha SA. Excitation of lateral habenula neurons as a neural mechanism underlying ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion. J Physiol 2016; 595:1393-1412. [PMID: 27682823 DOI: 10.1113/jp272994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The lateral habenula (LHb) has been implicated in regulation of drug-seeking behaviours through aversion-mediated learning. In this study, we recorded neuronal activity in the LHb of rats during an operant task before and after ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to saccharin. Ethanol-induced CTA caused significantly higher baseline firing rates in LHb neurons, as well as elevated firing rates in response to cue presentation, lever press and saccharin taste. In a separate cohort of rats, we found that bilateral LHb lesions blocked ethanol-induced CTA. Our results strongly suggest that excitation of LHb neurons is required for ethanol-induced CTA, and point towards a mechanism through which LHb firing may regulate voluntary ethanol consumption. ABSTRACT Ethanol, like other drugs of abuse, has both rewarding and aversive properties. Previous work suggests that sensitivity to ethanol's aversive effects negatively modulates voluntary alcohol intake and thus may be important in vulnerability to developing alcohol use disorders. We previously found that rats with lesions of the lateral habenula (LHb), which is implicated in aversion-mediated learning, show accelerated escalation of voluntary ethanol consumption. To understand neural encoding in the LHb contributing to ethanol-induced aversion, we recorded neural firing in the LHb of freely behaving, water-deprived rats before and after an ethanol-induced (1.5 g kg-1 20% ethanol, i.p.) conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to saccharin taste. Ethanol-induced CTA strongly decreased motivation for saccharin in an operant task to obtain the tastant. Comparison of LHb neural firing before and after CTA induction revealed four main differences in firing properties. First, baseline firing after CTA induction was significantly higher. Second, firing evoked by cues signalling saccharin availability shifted from a pattern of primarily inhibition before CTA to primarily excitation after CTA induction. Third, CTA induction reduced the magnitude of lever press-evoked inhibition. Finally, firing rates were significantly higher during consumption of the devalued saccharin solution after CTA induction. Next, we studied sham- and LHb-lesioned rats in our operant CTA paradigm and found that LHb lesion significantly attenuated CTA effects in the operant task. Our data demonstrate the importance of LHb excitation in regulating expression of ethanol-induced aversion and suggest a mechanism for its role in modulating escalation of voluntary ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA
| | - Kristen A Keefe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA
| | - Sharif A Taha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. The dopamine D3 receptor, a quarter century later. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Zuo W, Wang L, Chen L, Krnjević K, Fu R, Feng X, He W, Kang S, Shah A, Bekker A, Ye JH. Ethanol potentiates both GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling in the lateral habenula. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:178-187. [PMID: 27678415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol's aversive property may limit it's use, but the underlying mechanisms are no well-understood. Emerging evidence suggests a critical role for the lateral habenula (LHb) in the aversive response to various drugs, including ethanol. We previously showed that ethanol enhances glutamatergic transmission and stimulates LHb neurons. GABAergic transmission, a major target of ethanol in many brain regions, also tightly regulates LHb activity. This study assessed the action of ethanol on LHb GABAergic transmission in rat brain slices. Application of ethanol accelerated spontaneous action potential firing of LHb neurons, and LHb activity was increased by the GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine, and ethanol-induced acceleration of LHb firing was further increased by gabazine. Additionally, ethanol potentiated GABAergic transmission (inhibitory postsynaptic currents, IPSCs) with an EC50 of 1.5 mM. Ethanol-induced potentiation of IPSCs was increased by a GABAB receptor antagonist; it was mimicked by dopamine, dopamine receptor agonists, and dopamine reuptake blocker, and was completely prevented by reserpine, which depletes store of catecholamine. Moreover, ethanol-induced potentiation of IPSCs involved cAMP signaling. Finally, ethanol enhanced simultaneously glutamatergic and GABAergic transmissions to the majority of LHb neurons: the potentiation of the former being greater than that of the latter, the net effect was increased firing. Since LHb excitation may contribute to aversion, ethanol-induced potentiation of GABAergic inhibition tends to reduce aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Krešimir Krnjević
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Centre, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Avi Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Zuo W, Xiao C, Gao M, Hopf FW, Krnjević K, McIntosh JM, Fu R, Wu J, Bekker A, Ye JH. Nicotine regulates activity of lateral habenula neurons via presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32937. [PMID: 27596561 PMCID: PMC5011770 DOI: 10.1038/srep32937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in brain regions that drive nicotine intake in smokers. Interestingly, both the rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine are probably critical for sustaining nicotine addiction. The medial and lateral habenular (LHb) nuclei play important roles in processing aversion, and recent work has focused on the critical involvement of the LHb in encoding and responding to aversive stimuli. Several neurotransmitter systems are implicated in nicotine’s actions, but very little is known about how nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate LHb activity. Here we report in brain slices that activation of nAChRs depolarizes LHb cells and robustly increases firing, and also potentiates glutamate release in LHb. These effects were blocked by selective antagonists of α6-containing (α6*) nAChRs, and were absent in α6*-nAChR knockout mice. In addition, nicotine activates GABAergic inputs to LHb via α4β2-nAChRs, at lower concentrations but with more rapid desensitization relative to α6*-nAChRs. These results demonstrate the existence of diverse functional nAChR subtypes at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in LHb, through which nicotine could facilitate or inhibit LHb neuronal activity and thus contribute to nicotine aversion or reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Divisions of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - F Woodward Hopf
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J Michael McIntosh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Divisions of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Cortés A, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Canela EI, Casadó V. Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor: an overview of drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:641-64. [PMID: 27135354 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are divided into two major subclasses: the D1-like (D1, D5) and the D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. D3 receptors (D3Rs) have the highest density in the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive and emotional functions. These receptors are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic management. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3Rs, including the design and clinical relevance of full agonists, partial agonists and antagonists, as well as the capacity of these receptors to form active homodimers, heterodimers or higher order receptor complexes as pharmacological targets in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. EXPERT OPINION The high sequence homology between D3R and the D2-type challenges the development of D3R-selective compounds. The design of new D3R-preferential ligands with improved physicochemical properties should provide a better pharmacokinetic/bioavailability profile and lesser toxicity than is found with existing D3R ligands. It is also essential to optimize D3R affinity and, especially, D3R vs. D2-type binding and functional selectivity ratios. Developing allosteric and bitopic ligands should help to improve the D3R selectivity of these drugs. As most evidence points to the ability of GPCRs to form homomers and heteromers, the most promising therapeutic strategy in the future is likely to involve the application of heteromer-selective drugs. These selective ligands would display different affinities for a given receptor depending on the receptor partners within the heteromer. Therefore, designing novel compounds that specifically target and modulate D1R-D3R heteromers would be an interesting approach for the treatment of levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enhances cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1815-22. [PMID: 26490035 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tobacco smoking is still a major population health issue. The endocannabinoid system has been shown to control drug-seeking behaviors. There are two main endocannabinoids: anandamide degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) degraded by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). OBJECTIVES The role of MAGL has only been explored recently, and so far, no study have been performed to evaluate the effects of MAGL inhibitor on nicotine reinforcing properties and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. METHODS Here, we investigated the effects of the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 on nicotine self-administration under fixed and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement and on cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in mice. We also evaluated the effects of JZL184 on food self-administration for possible non-specific effects. RESULTS JZL184 (0, 8, and 16 mg/kg) did not affect food taking, nicotine taking, or motivation for nicotine. MAGL inhibition by JZL184 (16 mg/kg) increased reinstatement of previously extinguished nicotine seeking induced by presentation of nicotine-associated cues, but did not produce reinstatement on its own. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates involvement of 2-AG in nicotine-seeking behaviors.
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Zou MF, Keck TM, Kumar V, Donthamsetti P, Michino M, Burzynski C, Schweppe C, Bonifazi A, Free RB, Sibley DR, Janowsky A, Shi L, Javitch JA, Newman AH. Novel Analogues of (R)-5-(Methylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one (Sumanirole) Provide Clues to Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Agonist Selectivity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2973-88. [PMID: 27035329 PMCID: PMC4915350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1-, 5-, and 8-substituted analogues of sumanirole (1), a dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, were synthesized. Binding affinities at both D2R and D3R were higher when determined in competition with the agonist radioligand [(3)H]7-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) than with the antagonist radioligand [(3)H]N-methylspiperone. Although 1 was confirmed as a D2R-preferential agonist, its selectivity in binding and functional studies was lower than previously reported. All analogues were determined to be D2R/D3R agonists in both GoBRET and mitogenesis functional assays. Loss of efficacy was detected for the N-1-substituted analogues at D3R. In contrast, the N-5-alkyl-substituted analogues, and notably the n-butyl-arylamides (22b and 22c), all showed improved affinity at D2R over 1 with neither a loss of efficacy nor an increase in selectivity. Computational modeling provided a structural basis for the D2R selectivity of 1, illustrating how subtle differences in the highly homologous orthosteric binding site (OBS) differentially affect D2R/D3R affinity and functional efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
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Kaya E, Gozen O, Ugur M, Koylu EO, Kanit L, Balkan B. Nicotine regulates cocaine-amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (Cart) in the mesocorticolimbic system. Synapse 2016; 70:283-92. [PMID: 26990424 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-and-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) mRNA and peptides are intensely expressed in the brain regions comprising mesocorticolimbic system. Studies suggest that CART peptides may have a role in the regulation of reward circuitry. The present study aimed to examine the effect of nicotine on CART expression in the mesocorticolimbic system. Three different doses of nicotine (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg free base) were injected subcutaneously for 5 days, and on day 6, rats were decapitated following a challenge dose. CART mRNA and peptide levels in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (DST), amygdala (AMG), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blot analysis, respectively. In the mPFC, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg nicotine, decreased CART peptide levels whereas there was no effect on CART mRNA levels. In the VTA, a down-regulation of CART peptide expression was observed with 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg nicotine. Conversely, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg nicotine increased CART mRNA levels in the AMG without affecting the CART peptide expression. Nicotine did not regulate CART mRNA or CART peptide expression in the NAc, DST, and LHA. We conclude that nicotine regulates CART expression in the mesocorticolimbic system and this regulation may play an important role in nicotine reward. Synapse 70:283-292, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egemen Kaya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center for Brain Research, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oguz Gozen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center for Brain Research, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muzeyyen Ugur
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ersin O Koylu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center for Brain Research, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Kanit
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center for Brain Research, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balkan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center for Brain Research, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Fraser KM, Haight JL, Gardner EL, Flagel SB. Examining the role of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in Pavlovian conditioned approach behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:87-99. [PMID: 26909847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in the extent to which reward cues acquire the ability to act as incentive stimuli may contribute to the development of successful treatments for addiction and related disorders. We used the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model to examine the role of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to reward cues. Following Pavlovian training, wherein a discrete lever-cue was paired with food reward, rats were classified as sign- or goal-trackers based on the resultant conditioned response. We examined the effects of D2/D3 agonists, 7-OH-DPAT (0.01-0.32mg/kg) or pramipexole (0.032-0.32mg/kg), the D2/D3 antagonist raclopride (0.1mg/kg), and the selective D3 antagonist, SB-277011A (6 or 24mg/kg), on the expression of sign- and goal-tracking conditioned responses. The lever-cue acquired predictive value and elicited a conditioned response for sign- and goal-trackers, but only for sign-trackers did it also acquire incentive value. Following administration of either 7-OH-DPAT, pramipexole, or raclopride, the performance of the previously acquired conditioned response was attenuated for both sign- and goal-trackers. For sign-trackers, the D2/D3 agonist, 7-OH-DPAT, also attenuated the conditioned reinforcing properties of the lever-cue. The selective D3 antagonist did not affect either conditioned response. Alterations in D2/D3 receptor signaling, but not D3 signaling alone, transiently attenuate a previously acquired Pavlovian conditioned response, regardless of whether the response is a result of incentive motivational processes. These findings suggest activity at the dopamine D2 receptor is critical for a reward cue to maintain either its incentive or predictive qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt M Fraser
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joshua L Haight
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shelly B Flagel
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Le Foll B. What does addiction medicine expect from neuroscience? From genes and neurons to treatment responses. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:419-47. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ozburn AR, Janowsky AJ, Crabbe JC. Commonalities and Distinctions Among Mechanisms of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1863-77. [PMID: 26431116 PMCID: PMC4594192 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is comorbid with abuse of many other drugs, some with similar pharmacology and others quite different. This leads to the hypothesis of an underlying, unitary dysfunctional neurobiological basis for substance abuse risk and consequences. METHODS In this review, we discuss commonalities and distinctions of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. We focus on recent advances in preclinical studies using rodent models of drug self-administration. RESULTS While there are specific behavioral and molecular manifestations common to alcohol, psychostimulant, opioid, and nicotine dependence, attempts to propose a unifying theory of the addictions inevitably face details where distinctions are found among classes of drugs. CONCLUSIONS For alcohol, versus other drugs of abuse, we discuss and compare advances in: (i) neurocircuitry important for the different stages of drug dependence; (ii) transcriptomics and genetical genomics; and (iii) enduring effects, noting in particular the contributions of behavioral genetics and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Ozburn
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron J. Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - John C. Crabbe
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Abstract
The ability to use environmental cues to predict rewarding events is essential to survival. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a central role in such forms of associative learning. Aberrant cue-reward learning is thought to underlie many psychopathologies, including addiction, so understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms can inform strategies for intervention. The transcriptional regulator LIM-only 4 (LMO4) is highly expressed in pyramidal neurons of the BLA, where it plays an important role in fear learning. Because the BLA also contributes to cue-reward learning, we investigated the role of BLA LMO4 in this process using Lmo4-deficient mice and RNA interference. Lmo4-deficient mice showed a selective deficit in conditioned reinforcement. Knockdown of LMO4 in the BLA, but not in the nucleus accumbens, recapitulated this deficit in wild-type mice. Molecular and electrophysiological studies identified a deficit in dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the BLA of Lmo4-deficient mice. These results reveal a novel, LMO4-dependent transcriptional program within the BLA that is essential to cue-reward learning.
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Di Ciano P, Pushparaj A, Kim A, Hatch J, Masood T, Ramzi A, Khaled MATM, Boileau I, Winstanley CA, Le Foll B. The Impact of Selective Dopamine D2, D3 and D4 Ligands on the Rat Gambling Task. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136267. [PMID: 26352802 PMCID: PMC4564230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling is an addictive disorder with serious societal and personal costs. To-date, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for gambling disorder. Evidence suggests a role for dopamine in gambling disorder and thus may provide a therapeutic target. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the effects of selective antagonists and agonists of D2, D3 and D4 receptors in a rodent analogue of the Iowa gambling task used clinically. In this rat gambling task (rGT), animals are trained to associate different response holes with different magnitudes and probabilities of food pellet rewards and punishing time-out periods. As in the Iowa gambling task, the optimal strategy is to avoid the tempting high-risk high-reward options, and instead favor those linked to smaller per-trial rewards but also lower punishments, thereby maximizing the amount of reward earned over time. Administration of those selective ligands did not affect decision making under the rGT. Only the D4 drug had modest effects on latency measures suggesting that D4 may contribute in some ways to decision making under this task.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Conditioning, Operant
- Decision Making/drug effects
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Gambling
- Games, Experimental
- Ligands
- Male
- Punishment
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Reaction Time/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/physiology
- Reward
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Di Ciano
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
| | - Abhiram Pushparaj
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
| | - Aaron Kim
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
| | - Jessica Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Talal Masood
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
| | - Abby Ramzi
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
| | - Maram A. T. M. Khaled
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R
| | | | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1
- Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Addiction Medicine Services, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Le Foll B, Di Ciano P. Neuronal circuitry underlying the impact of D3 receptor ligands in drug addiction. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1401-9. [PMID: 25266821 PMCID: PMC4362926 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the cloning of the D3 receptor in the early 1990s, there has been a great deal of interest in this receptor as a possible therapeutic target for drug addiction. The development of a D3 ligand suitable for use in humans has remained elusive, so the study of the function of the D3 receptor and its possible therapeutic efficacy has largely been restricted to animals. Pre-clinical studies have established that systemic administration of D3 ligands, particularly antagonists and partial agonists, can alter drug-seeking in animals. Despite over a decade of research, few studies have investigated the effects of intra-cerebral infusion of D3 ligands on drug-seeking. In the present review, these studies are summarized, which have largely focused on stimulus-controlled behaviors. Converging evidence from studies of D3 receptor expression, Fos and pharmacological Magnetic Resonance Imaging (phMRI) is also provided to delineate some of the D3 brain systems involved in drug-seeking and taking. The data so far indicate that different brain systems may be involved in different types of stimulus control as well as drug taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S1; Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Addiction Medicine Services, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6J 1H4; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S1; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Patricia Di Ciano
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S1
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Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis in the habenula nuclei of mice intravenously self-administering nicotine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12909. [PMID: 26260614 PMCID: PMC4531287 DOI: 10.1038/srep12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable amount of evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the neuroadaptation of drug addiction. Habenula (Hb), one of the critical brain regions involved in reward and addiction, can be divided into two anatomically and transcriptionally distinct regions: medial habenula (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb) nuclei. However, very few studies have compared the functional roles of these regions. Here, by using mirConnX integrator and KEGG pathway mapping, we simultaneously analysed the differential expression patterns of miRNAs and messenger RNA (mRNA) within MHb and LHb under nicotine addiction. Significantly altered miRNAs and mRNAs were found in the Hb of mice intravenously self-administering nicotine. Interestingly, some miRNAs were oppositely regulated between the MHb and the LHb, and their potential targets included various genes of cell signalling pathways related to the degeneration of fasciculus retroflexus (FR). This study provides an improved insight into the differential regulation of habenular transcripts in nicotine addiction, as well as the potential functions of miRNAs in several biological pathways involved in the nicotine addiction.
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Basolateral amygdala and ventral hippocampus in stress-induced amplification of nicotine self-administration during reacquisition in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2741-9. [PMID: 25772339 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the USA, although only 3-5 % of quitters are successful for 6-12 months. Stress during abstinence increases the likelihood of relapse to smoking. We recently reported that repeated stress during abstinence from operant nicotine self-administration (SA) amplifies the reacquisition of nicotine SA and affects the diurnal intake of nicotine in rats. Herein, we sought to identify brain regions critical for the expression of stress-enhanced nicotine SA during reacquisition. METHODS Rats acquired nicotine SA (FR5) with virtually unlimited drug access (23 h/day). During abstinence (8 day), 30 min of restraint stress was applied on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Beginning day 8, nicotine SA was reacquired over 5 days, and basolateral amygdala (BLA) was inactivated bilaterally or disconnected from nucleus accumbens core (NAcc). Similarly, ventral hippocampus (vHP) was inactivated or disconnected from BLA. RESULTS Bilateral inactivation (muscimol + baclofen) of BLA or disconnection from NAcc abolished the stress-enhanced reacquisition of nicotine SA without affecting basal levels of nicotine SA. Similarly, bilateral inactivation of vHP or disconnection of vHP and BLA also abolished stress-enhanced reacquisition of nicotine SA. CONCLUSION BLA, vHP, and functional interactions between BLA-NAcc and vHP-BLA are required for expression of stress-enhanced nicotine SA during reacquisition. However, without stress, these functional interactions are not necessary for reexpression of nicotine SA during reacquisition. Therefore, BLA, vHP, and these regional interactions specifically mediate the effects of repeated stress on the reacquisition of nicotine SA behavior.
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Casarrubea M, Davies C, Faulisi F, Pierucci M, Colangeli R, Partridge L, Chambers S, Cassar D, Valentino M, Muscat R, Benigno A, Crescimanno G, Di Giovanni G. Acute nicotine induces anxiety and disrupts temporal pattern organization of rat exploratory behavior in hole-board: a potential role for the lateral habenula. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:197. [PMID: 26082682 PMCID: PMC4450172 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is one of the most addictive drugs of abuse. Tobacco smoking is a major cause of many health problems, and is the first preventable cause of death worldwide. Several findings show that nicotine exerts significant aversive as well as the well-known rewarding motivational effects. Less certain is the anatomical substrate that mediates or enables nicotine aversion. Here, we show that acute nicotine induces anxiogenic-like effects in rats at the doses investigated (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), as measured by the hole-board apparatus and manifested in behaviors such as decreased rearing and head-dipping and increased grooming. No changes in locomotor behavior were observed at any of the nicotine doses given. T-pattern analysis of the behavioral outcomes revealed a drastic reduction and disruption of complex behavioral patterns induced by all three nicotine doses, with the maximum effect for 1 mg/kg. Lesion of the lateral habenula (LHb) induced hyperlocomotion and, strikingly, reversed the nicotine-induced anxiety obtained at 1 mg/kg to an anxiolytic-like effect, as shown by T-pattern analysis. We suggest that the LHb is critically involved in emotional behavior states and in nicotine-induced anxiety, most likely through modulation of monoaminergic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Casarrubea
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Caitlin Davies
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta ; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Fabiana Faulisi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Pierucci
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta
| | - Roberto Colangeli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta
| | - Lucy Partridge
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta ; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta
| | - Daniel Cassar
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta
| | - Mario Valentino
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta
| | - Richard Muscat
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta
| | - Arcangelo Benigno
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crescimanno
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta Msida, Malta ; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
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