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Francis AN, Sebille S, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Camprodon JA. Multimodal 7T imaging reveals enhanced functional coupling between salience and frontoparietal networks in young adult tobacco cigarette smokers. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00882-x. [PMID: 38639847 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco cigarette smoking is associated with disrupted brain network dynamics in resting brain networks including the Salience (SN) and Fronto parietal (FPN). Unified multimodal methods [Resting state connectivity analysis, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and cortical thickness analysis] were employed to test the hypothesis that the impact of cigarette smoking on the balance among these networks is due to alterations in white matter connectivity, microstructural architecture, functional connectivity and cortical thickness (CT) and that these metrics define fundamental differences between people who smoke and nonsmokers. Multimodal analyses of previously collected 7 Tesla MRI data via the Human Connectome Project were performed on 22 people who smoke (average number of daily cigarettes was 10 ± 5) and 22 age- and sex-matched nonsmoking controls. First, functional connectivity analysis was used to examine SN-FPN-DMN interactions between people who smoke and nonsmokers. The anatomy of these networks was then assessed using DTI and CT analyses while microstructural architecture of WM was analyzed using the NODDI toolbox. Seed-based connectivity analysis revealed significantly enhanced within network [p = 0.001 FDR corrected] and between network functional coupling of the salience and R-frontoparietal networks in people who smoke [p = 0.004 FDR corrected]. The network connectivity was lateralized to the right hemisphere. Whole brain diffusion analysis revealed no significant differences between people who smoke and nonsmokers in Fractional Anisotropy, Mean diffusivity and in neurite orienting and density. There were also no significant differences in CT in the hubs of these networks. Our results demonstrate that tobacco cigarette smoking is associated with enhanced functional connectivity, but anatomy is largely intact in young adults. Whether this enhanced connectivity is pre-existing, transient or permanent is not known. The observed enhanced connectivity in resting state networks may contribute to the maintenance of smoking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Francis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Sophie Sebille
- Department of Neuroscience GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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2
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Rakesh G, Adams TG, Morey RA, Alcorn JL, Khanal R, Su AE, Himelhoch SS, Rush CR. Intermittent theta burst stimulation and functional connectivity in people living with HIV/AIDS who smoke tobacco cigarettes: a preliminary pilot study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1315854. [PMID: 38501083 PMCID: PMC10945607 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1315854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLWHA) smoke at three times the rate of the general population and respond poorly to cessation strategies. Previous studies examined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L. dlPFC) to reduce craving, but no studies have explored rTMS among PLWHA who smoke. The current pilot study compared the effects of active and sham intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC), cigarette cue attentional bias, and cigarette craving in PLWHA who smoke. Methods Eight PLWHA were recruited (single-blind, within-subject design) to receive one session of iTBS (n=8) over the L. dlPFC using neuronavigation and, four weeks later, sham iTBS (n=5). Cigarette craving and attentional bias assessments were completed before and after both iTBS and sham iTBS. rsFC was assessed before iTBS (baseline) and after iTBS and sham iTBS. Results Compared to sham iTBS, iTBS enhanced rsFC between the L. dlPFC and bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and pons. iTBS also enhanced rsFC between the right insula and right occipital cortex compared to sham iTBS. iTBS also decreased cigarette craving and cigarette cue attentional bias. Conclusion iTBS could potentially offer a therapeutic option for smoking cessation in PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalkumar Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Thomas G. Adams
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analyses Center (BIAC), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph L. Alcorn
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rebika Khanal
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Amanda E. Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Seth S. Himelhoch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Craig R. Rush
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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3
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Boer OD, El Marroun H, Muetzel RL. Adolescent substance use initiation and long-term neurobiological outcomes: insights, challenges and opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02471-2. [PMID: 38409597 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The increased frequency of risk taking behavior combined with marked neuromaturation has positioned adolescence as a focal point of research into the neural causes and consequences of substance use. However, little work has provided a summary of the links between adolescent initiated substance use and longer-term brain outcomes. Here we review studies exploring the long-term effects of adolescent-initiated substance use with structural and microstructural neuroimaging. A quarter of all studies reviewed conducted repeated neuroimaging assessments. Long-term alcohol use, as well as tobacco use were consistently associated with smaller frontal cortices and altered white matter microstructure. This association was mostly observed in the ACC, insula and subcortical regions in alcohol users, and for the OFC in tobacco users. Long-term cannabis use was mostly related to altered frontal cortices and hippocampal volumes. Interestingly, cannabis users scanned more years after use initiation tended to show smaller measures of these regions, whereas those with fewer years since initiation showed larger measures. Long-term stimulant use tended to show a similar trend as cannabis in terms of years since initiation in measures of the putamen, insula and frontal cortex. Long-term opioid use was mostly associated with smaller subcortical and insular volumes. Of note, null findings were reported in all substance use categories, most often in cannabis use studies. In the context of the large variety in study designs, substance use assessment, methods, and sample characteristics, we provide recommendations on how to interpret these findings, and considerations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Boer
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hernandez Mejia M, Courtney KE, Wade NE, Wallace A, Baca RE, Shen Q, Happer JP, Jacobus J. The Combined Effects of Nicotine and Cannabis on Cortical Thickness Estimates in Adolescents and Emerging Adults. Brain Sci 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38539584 PMCID: PMC10967898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life substance use, including cannabis and nicotine, may result in deleterious effects on the maturation of brain tissue and gray matter cortical development. The current study employed linear regression models to investigate the main and interactive effects of past-year nicotine and cannabis use on gray matter cortical thickness estimates in 11 bilateral independent frontal cortical regions in 223 16-22-year-olds. As the frontal cortex develops throughout late adolescence and young adulthood, this period becomes crucial for studying the impact of substance use on brain structure. The distinct effects of nicotine and cannabis use status on cortical thickness were found bilaterally, as cannabis and nicotine users both had thinner cortices than non-users. Interactions between nicotine and cannabis were also observed, in which cannabis use was associated with thicker cortices for those with a history of nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use in three left frontal regions. This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between substance use and brain structure, suggesting a potential modulation of cannabis' impact on cortical thickness by nicotine exposure, and emphasizing the need for further longitudinal research to characterize these interactions and their implications for brain health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie Hernandez Mejia
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kelly E. Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natasha E. Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexander Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rachel E. Baca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Jordan T, Apostol MR, Nomi J, Petersen N. Unraveling Neural Complexity: Exploring Brain Entropy to Yield Mechanistic Insight in Neuromodulation Therapies for Tobacco Use Disorder. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557465. [PMID: 37745351 PMCID: PMC10515846 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation therapies, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), have shown promise as treatments for tobacco use disorder (TUD). However, the underlying mechanisms of these therapies remain unclear, which may hamper optimization and personalization efforts. In this study, we investigated alteration of brain entropy as a potential mechanism underlying the neural effects of noninvasive brain stimulation by rTMS in people with TUD. We employed sample entropy (SampEn) to quantify the complexity and predictability of brain activity measured using resting-state fMRI data. Our study design included a randomized single-blind study with 42 participants who underwent 2 data collection sessions. During each session, participants received high-frequency (10Hz) stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) or a control region (visual cortex), and resting-state fMRI scans were acquired before and after rTMS. Our findings revealed that individuals who smoke exhibited higher baseline SampEn throughout the brain as compared to previously-published SampEn measurements in control participants. Furthermore, high-frequency rTMS to the dlPFC but not the control region reduced SampEn in the insula and dlPFC, regions implicated in TUD, and also reduced self-reported cigarette craving. These results suggest that brain entropy may serve as a potential biomarker for effects of rTMS, and provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying rTMS effects on smoking cessation. Our study contributes to the growing understanding of brain-based interventions for TUD by highlighting the relevance of brain entropy in characterizing neural activity patterns associated with smoking. The observed reductions in entropy following dlPFC-targeted rTMS suggest a potential mechanism for the therapeutic effects of this intervention. These findings support the use of neuroimaging techniques to investigate the use of neuromodulation therapies for TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
| | - Michael R. Apostol
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
| | - Jason Nomi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
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Zhang T, Zeng Q, Li K, Liu X, Fu Y, Qiu T, Huang P, Luo X, Liu Z, Peng G. Distinct resting-state functional connectivity patterns of Anterior Insula affected by smoking in mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:386-394. [PMID: 37243752 PMCID: PMC10435406 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The insula plays a vital role in both smoking and cognition. However, the smoking effects on insula-related networks in cognitively normal controls (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients remain unknown. We identified 129 CN (85 non-smokers and 44 smokers) and 83 MCI (54 non-smokers and 29 smokers). Each underwent neuropsychological assessment and MRI (structural and resting-state functional). Seed-based functional analyses in the anterior and posterior insula were performed to calculate the functional connectivity (FC) with voxels in the whole brain. Mixed-effect analyses were performed to explore the interactive effects on smoking and cognitive status. Associations between FC and neuropsychological scales were assessed. Mixed-effect analyses revealed the FC differences between the right anterior insula (RAI) with the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) and that with the right inferior parietal lobule (RIPL) (p < 0.01, cluster level < 0.05, two-tailed, gaussian random field correction). The FC of RAI in both LMTG and RIPL sees a significant decrease in MCI smokers (p < 0.01). Smoking affects insula FC differently between MCI and CN, and could decrease the insula FC in MCI patients. Our study provides evidence of neural mechanisms between smoking and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qing-Chun Road, Shang- Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310002 China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanv Fu
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qing-Chun Road, Shang- Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310002 China
| | - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
- Department of Neurology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qing-Chun Road, Shang- Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310002 China
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
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7
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Conti AA, Baldacchino AM. Early-onset smoking theory of compulsivity development: a neurocognitive model for the development of compulsive tobacco smoking. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1209277. [PMID: 37520221 PMCID: PMC10372444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1209277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the literature, individuals who start tobacco smoking during adolescence are at greater risk of developing severe tobacco addiction and heavier smoking behavior in comparison with individuals who uptake tobacco smoking during subsequent developmental stages. As suggested by animal models, this may be related to the unique neuroadaptive and neurotoxic effects of nicotine on adolescents' fronto-striatal brain regions modulating cognitive control and impulsivity. Previous research has proposed that these neuroadaptive and neurotoxic effects may cause a heightened reward-oriented impulsive behavior that may foster smoking relapses during quit attempts. However, developments in the field of addiction neuroscience have proposed drug addiction to represent a type of compulsive behavior characterized by the persistent use of a particular drug despite evident adverse consequences. One brain region that has received increased attention in recent years and that has been proposed to play a central role in modulating such compulsive drug-seeking and using behavior is the insular cortex. Lesion studies have shown that structural damages in the insular cortex may disrupt smoking behavior, while neuroimaging studies reported lower gray matter volume in the anterior insular cortex of chronic smokers compared with non-smokers, in addition to correlations between gray matter volume in the anterior insular cortex and measures of compulsive cigarette smoking. Based on the findings of our recent study reporting on early-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 13.2 years) displaying lower gray matter and white matter volume in the anterior insular cortex compared to late-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 18.0 years), we propose that the anterior insular cortex may play a central role in mediating the association between smoking uptake during adolescence and smoking heaviness/tobacco addiction during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Alberto Conti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Mario Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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8
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Ghahremani DG, Pochon JBF, Diaz MP, Tyndale RF, Dean AC, London ED. Nicotine dependence and insula subregions: functional connectivity and cue-induced activation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:936-945. [PMID: 36869233 PMCID: PMC10156746 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence is a major predictor of relapse in people with Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD). Accordingly, therapies that reduce nicotine dependence may promote sustained abstinence from smoking. The insular cortex has been identified as a promising target in brain-based therapies for TUD, and has three major sub-regions (ventral anterior, dorsal anterior, and posterior) that serve distinct functional networks. How these subregions and associated networks contribute to nicotine dependence is not well understood, and therefore was the focus of this study. Sixty individuals (28 women; 18-45 years old), who smoked cigarettes daily, rated their level of nicotine dependence (on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) and, after abstaining from smoking overnight (~12 h), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a resting state. A subset of these participants (N = 48) also completing a cue-induced craving task during fMRI. Correlations between nicotine dependence and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and cue-induced activation of the major insular sub-regions were evaluated. Nicotine dependence was negatively correlated with connectivity of the left and right dorsal, and left ventral anterior insula with regions within the superior parietal lobule (SPL), including the left precuneus. No relationship between posterior insula connectivity and nicotine dependence was found. Cue-induced activation in the left dorsal anterior insula was positively associated with nicotine dependence and negatively associated with RSFC of the same region with SPL, suggesting that craving-related responsivity in this subregion was greater among participants who were more dependent. These results may inform therapeutic approaches, such as brain stimulation, which may elicit differential clinical outcomes (e.g., dependence, craving) depending on the insular subnetwork that is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara G Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jean-Baptiste F Pochon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maylen Perez Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andy C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Xu H, Xu C, Guo Y, Hu Y, Bai G, Du M. Abnormal neuroanatomical patterns as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cocaine use disorder. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13348. [PMID: 37855070 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global health problem with serious consequences for both individuals and society. Previous studies on abnormal anatomical patterns in CUD have mainly used voxel-based morphometry to investigate grey matter volume changes, while surface-based morphometry (SBM) has been found to provide detail information on cortical thickness (CT), surface area and cortical meancurve, which can contribute to a better understanding of structural brain changes associated with CUD. In this study, SBM was conducted to investigate abnormal neuroanatomical patterns in CUD and whether these abnormal patterns could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for CUD. Sixty-eight CUD individuals and 52 matched healthy controls were enrolled, and all participants performed once MRI scanning and clinical assessments. We found that CUD individuals exhibited altered morphological indicators across widespread brain regions and these abnormal anatomical alterations were significantly predictive of CUD status. Furthermore, the CT reduction of right insula was significantly associated with years of cocaine use in CUD. These findings revealed the association of abnormal anatomical patterns in specific brain regions in CUD, which further improve the understanding of CUD pathophysiology and provide the alternative diagnostic biomarkers for CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyu Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yike Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meimei Du
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Keeley RJ, Prillaman ME, Scarlata M, Vrana A, Tsai PJ, Gomez JL, Bonaventura J, Lu H, Michaelides M, Stein EA. Adolescent nicotine administration increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and functional connectivity in specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac291. [PMID: 36440101 PMCID: PMC9683397 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure is associated with regional changes in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtype expression patterns as a function of dose and age at the time of exposure. Moreover, nicotine dependence is associated with changes in brain circuit functional connectivity, but the relationship between such connectivity and concomitant regional distribution changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes following nicotine exposure is not understood. Although smoking typically begins in adolescence, developmental changes in brain circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following chronic nicotine exposure remain minimally investigated. Here, we combined in vitro nicotinic acetylcholine receptor autoradiography with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure changes in [3H]nicotine binding and α4ß2 subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and circuit connectivity across the brain in adolescent (postnatal Day 33) and adult (postnatal Day 68) rats exposed to 6 weeks of nicotine administration (0, 1.2 and 4.8 mg/kg/day). Chronic nicotine exposure increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels and induced discrete, developmental stage changes in regional nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype distribution. These effects were most pronounced in striatal, thalamic and cortical regions when nicotine was administered during adolescence but not in adults. Using these regional receptor changes as seeds, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging identified dysregulations in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits that were also dysregulated following adolescent nicotine exposure. Thus, nicotine-induced increases in cortical, striatal and thalamic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors during adolescence modifies processing and brain circuits within cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops, which are known to be crucial for multisensory integration, action selection and motor output, and may alter the developmental trajectory of the adolescent brain. This unique multimodal study significantly advances our understanding of nicotine dependence and its effects on the adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Keeley
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - McKenzie E Prillaman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miranda Scarlata
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antonia Vrana
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pei-Jung Tsai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Departament de Patologia Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociènes, Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hanbing Lu
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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11
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Zhou M, Hu Y, Huang R, Zhou Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Jia S, Zhang Y, Xue T, Dong F, Lu X, Yuan K, Yu D. Right arcuate fasciculus and left uncinate fasciculus abnormalities in young smoker. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13132. [PMID: 35229948 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies had investigated the white matter (WM) integrity abnormalities in smokers. Exposure to nicotine disrupts neurodevelopment during adolescence, possibly by disrupting the trophic effects of acetylcholine. However, little is known about the diffusion parameters of specific fibre bundles at multiple locations in young smokers. Thirty-seven young smokers and 29 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers participated in this study. Automated Fibre Quantification (AFQ) was employed to investigate the WM microstructure in young smokers by integrating multiple indices. Diffusion parameters, that is, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD) and mean diffusion (MD), were calculated at 100 points along the length of 18 major brain tracts. The relationships between neuroimaging differences and smoking behaviours were explored, including Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and pack-years. Compared with non-smokers, young smokers showed significantly increased FA, AD and decreased RD in the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) and right thalamic radiation (TR), increased AD, RD and decreased FA in the right arcuate fasciculus (Arc). Correlation analyses revealed that FA values of the left UF and RD values of the right Arc were negatively correlated with FTND score in smokers and FA values of the right Arc were positively correlated with FTND scores. Positive correlation was observed between AD values of the left UF and pack-years in smokers. The findings enhanced our understanding of the potential effect of adolescent smoking on WM microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Yiting Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Shidi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Shaodi Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Yunmiao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology Huhhot China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
- School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
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12
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Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Wang W, Li CSR. Gray matter volumes of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and their dysfunctional roles in cigarette smoking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:100003. [PMID: 37220533 PMCID: PMC10201991 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The salience network, including the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has been implicated in nicotine addiction. Structural imaging studies have reported diminished insula and ACC gray matter volumes (GMVs) in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. However, it remains unclear how insula and ACC GMVs may relate to years of smoking, addiction severity, or behavioral traits known to dispose individuals to smoking. Here, with a dataset curated from the Human Connectome Project and voxel-based morphometry, we replicated the findings of smaller GMVs of the insula and medial prefrontal cortex, including the dorsal ACC and supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA), in (70 heavy < 209 light < 209 never) smokers matched in age, sex, and average daily num ber of drinks. The GMVs of the insula or dACC/SMA were not significantly correlated with years of smoking or Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores. Heavy relative to never smokers demonstrated higher externalizing and internalizing scores, as evaluated by the NIH Emotion. In heavy smokers, the dACC/SMA but not insula GMV was positively correlated with both externalizing and internalizing scores. The findings together confirm volumetric changes in the salience network in heavy smokers and suggest potentially distinct dysfunctional roles of the insula and dACC/SMA in chronic smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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13
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Abdel Malek GS, Goudriaan AE, Kaag AM. The relationship between craving and insular morphometry in regular cocaine users: Does sex matter? Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13157. [PMID: 35229953 PMCID: PMC9286054 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While it has been suggested that cocaine use and relapse in women is more strongly related to stress‐relief craving, whereas cocaine use in men is more strongly related to reward craving, the neural mechanisms that underlie these differences are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate sex‐dependent differences in insular morphometry and associations with craving, in a sample of regular cocaine users (CUs) and non‐drug using controls (non‐CUs). It was hypothesized that insular volume, thickness and surface area would be lower in CU women, compared with CU men and non‐CUs. It was furthermore hypothesized that insular morphometry, particularly insular thickness, would be negatively associated to reward craving in CU men, while being negatively associated with stress‐relief craving in CU women. In contrast to the hypothesis, we did not find evidence of sex‐specific differences in insular morphometry in CUs. However, sex‐specific association between stress‐relief craving and insular morphometry were found: Right insular volume was negatively associated with stress‐relief craving in CU women, whereas this association was positive in CU men. Additionally, right insular surface area was negatively associated with stress‐relief craving in cocaine‐using men, whereas this association was positive in cocaine‐using women. In conclusion, the current study provides first evidence of sex‐specific differences in the association between craving and insular morphometry in a sample of regular cocaine users. Although speculative, these sex‐specific alterations in insular morphometry may underlie higher stress‐induced craving and relapse in CU women compared with CU men.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Abdel Malek
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health and Jellinek Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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14
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Kim DY, Jang Y, Heo DW, Jo S, Kim HC, Lee JH. Electronic Cigarette Vaping Did Not Enhance the Neural Process of Working Memory for Regular Cigarette Smokers. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:817538. [PMID: 35250518 PMCID: PMC8894252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.817538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) as substitute devices for regular tobacco cigarettes (r-cigs) have been increasing in recent times. We investigated neuronal substrates of vaping e-cigs and smoking r-cigs from r-cig smokers. Methods Twenty-two r-cig smokers made two visits following overnight smoking cessation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired while participants watched smoking images. Participants were then allowed to smoke either an e-cig or r-cig until satiated and fMRI data were acquired. Their craving levels and performance on the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and a 3-back alphabet/digit recognition task were obtained and analyzed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were identified by comparing the abstained and satiated conditions. Neuronal activation within ROIs was regressed on the craving and behavioral data separately. Results Craving was more substantially reduced by smoking r-cigs than by vaping e-cigs. The response time (RT) for the 3-back task was significantly shorter following smoking r-cigs than following vaping e-cigs (interaction: F (1, 17) = 5.3, p = 0.035). Neuronal activations of the right vermis (r = 0.43, p = 0.037, CI = [-0.05, 0.74]), right caudate (r = 0.51, p = 0.015, CI = [0.05, 0.79]), and right superior frontal gyrus (r = −0.70, p = 0.001, CI = [−0.88, −0.34]) were significantly correlated with the RT for the 3-back task only for smoking r-cigs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that insufficient satiety from vaping e-cigs for r-cigs smokers may be insignificant effect on working memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Youl Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Woon Heo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungman Jo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hwan Lee,
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15
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Conti AA, Baldacchino AM. Chronic tobacco smoking, impaired reward-based decision-making, and role of insular cortex: A comparison between early-onset smokers and late-onset smokers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:939707. [PMID: 36090372 PMCID: PMC9459116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The literature suggests that tobacco smoking may have a neurotoxic effect on the developing adolescent brain. Particularly, it may impair the decision-making process of early-onset smokers (<16 years), by rendering them more prone to impulsive and risky choices toward rewards, and therefore more prone to smoking relapses, in comparison to late-onset smokers (≥16 years). However, no study has ever investigated reward-based decision-making and structural brain differences between early-onset smokers and late-onset smokers. METHODS Computerized measures of reward-based decision-making [Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT); 5-trials adjusting delay discounting task (ADT-5)] were administered to 11 early-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 13.2 years), 17 late-onset smokers (mean age at regular smoking initiation = 18.0 years), and 24 non-smoker controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was utilized to investigate the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences in fronto-cortical and striatal brain regions between early-onset smokers, late-onset smokers, and non-smokers. RESULTS Early-onset smokers displayed a riskier decision-making behavior in comparison to non-smokers as assessed by the CGT (p < 0.01, Cohen's f = 0.48). However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in reward-based decision-making were detected between early-onset smokers and late-onset smokers. VBM results revealed early-onset smokers to present lower GM volume in the bilateral anterior insular cortex (AI) in comparison to late-onset smokers and lower WM volume in the right AI in comparison to late-onset smokers. CONCLUSION Impairments in reward-based decision-making may not be affected by tobacco smoking initiation during early adolescence. Instead, lower GM and WM volume in the AI of early-onset smokers may underline a vulnerability to develop compulsive tobacco seeking and smoking behavior during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Alberto Conti
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Mario Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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16
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Rabin RA, Mackey S, Parvaz MA, Cousijn J, Li C, Pearlson G, Schmaal L, Sinha R, Stein E, Veltman D, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Garavan H, Alia‐Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Common and gender-specific associations with cocaine use on gray matter volume: Data from the ENIGMA addiction working group. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:543-554. [PMID: 32857473 PMCID: PMC8675419 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray matter volume (GMV) in frontal cortical and limbic regions is susceptible to cocaine-associated reductions in cocaine-dependent individuals (CD) and is negatively associated with duration of cocaine use. Gender differences in CD individuals have been reported clinically and in the context of neural responses to cue-induced craving and stress reactivity. The variability of GMV in select brain areas between men and women (e.g., limbic regions) underscores the importance of exploring interaction effects between gender and cocaine dependence on brain structure. Therefore, voxel-based morphometry data derived from the ENIGMA Addiction Consortium were used to investigate potential gender differences in GMV in CD individuals compared to matched controls (CTL). T1-weighted MRI scans and clinical data were pooled from seven sites yielding 420 gender- and age-matched participants: CD men (CDM, n = 140); CD women (CDW, n = 70); control men (CTLM, n = 140); and control women (CTLW, n = 70). Differences in GMV were assessed using a 2 × 2 ANCOVA, and voxelwise whole-brain linear regressions were conducted to explore relationships between GMV and duration of cocaine use. All analyses were corrected for age, total intracranial volume, and site. Diagnostic differences were predominantly found in frontal regions (CD < CTL). Interestingly, gender × diagnosis interactions in the left anterior insula and left lingual gyrus were also documented, driven by differences in women (CDW < CTLW). Further, lower right hippocampal GMV was associated with greater cocaine duration in CDM. Given the importance of the anterior insula to interoception and the hippocampus to learning contextual associations, results may point to gender-specific mechanisms in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Rabin
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Departments of Psychiatry and PsychologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chiang‐shan Li
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia and Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Elliot Stein
- Intramural Research Program—Neuroimaging Research BranchNational Institute on Drug AbuseBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dick Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and PsychologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Nelly Alia‐Klein
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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17
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Gersner R, Barnea-Ygael N, Tendler A. Moderators of the response to deep TMS for smoking addiction. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1079138. [PMID: 36699493 PMCID: PMC9869803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (Deep TMS™) was recently cleared by the FDA as a short-term treatment for smoking cessation. However, it is unknown which participants are more likely to benefit from the treatment. METHODS We evaluated the data from the published randomized controlled trial of 262 participants 22-70 years old that led to the FDA clearance to characterize demographic and smoking history factors that moderate Deep TMS treatment efficacy. The current analysis included 75 completers in the active TMS group and 94 completers in the sham TMS group. RESULTS We found that participants younger than 40 had four times the quit rate than those older than 40. Additionally, participants who quit following treatment smoked 10 years less than non-quitters. Moreover, Caucasian participants had two times the quit rate than African-American participants. Strikingly, participants with more than 12 years of education had 7 times the quit rate than participants with less education. CONCLUSION Three weeks of Deep TMS has a higher smoking addiction quit rate in participants who are younger, more educated, Caucasian and with less extensive smoking history. Participants who are older, with less education and more extensive smoking history may need a longer treatment course and/or combined treatment modalities. Potential reasons may be related to the challenges of inducing neuronal modifications in those with greater physical and psychological dependence. Further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noam Barnea-Ygael
- BrainsWay, Burlington, VT, United States.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Aron Tendler
- BrainsWay, Burlington, VT, United States.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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18
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OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4386-4396. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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Ghahremani DG, Pochon JB, Perez Diaz M, Tyndale RF, Dean AC, London ED. Functional connectivity of the anterior insula during withdrawal from cigarette smoking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2083-2089. [PMID: 34035468 PMCID: PMC8505622 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently available therapies for smoking cessation have limited efficacy, and potential treatments that target specific brain regions are under evaluation, with a focus on the insula. The ventral and dorsal anterior subregions of the insula serve distinct functional networks, yet our understanding of how these subregions contribute to smoking behavior is unclear. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) provides a window into network-level function associated with smoking-related internal states. The goal of this study was to determine potentially distinct relationships of ventral and dorsal anterior insula RSFC with cigarette withdrawal after brief abstinence from smoking. Forty-seven participants (24 women; 18-45 years old), who smoked cigarettes daily and were abstinent from smoking overnight (~12 h), provided self-reports of withdrawal and underwent resting-state fMRI before and after smoking the first cigarette of the day. Correlations between withdrawal and RSFC were computed separately for ventral and dorsal anterior insula seed regions in whole-brain voxel-wise analyses. Withdrawal was positively correlated with RSFC of the right ventral anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) before but not after smoking. The correlation was mainly due to a composite effect of craving and physical symptoms of withdrawal. These results suggest a role of right ventral anterior insula-dACC connectivity in the internal states that maintain smoking behavior (e.g., withdrawal) and present a specific neural target for brain-based therapies seeking to attenuate withdrawal symptoms in the critical early stages of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara G. Ghahremani
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pochon
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Maylen Perez Diaz
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andy C. Dean
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Edythe D. London
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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20
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Jo S, Kim HC, Lustig N, Chen G, Lee JH. Mixed-effects multilevel analysis followed by canonical correlation analysis is an effective fMRI tool for the investigation of idiosyncrasies. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5374-5396. [PMID: 34415651 PMCID: PMC8519860 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that regions-of-interest (ROIs) associated with idiosyncratic individual behavior can be identified from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data using statistical approaches that explicitly model individual variability in neuronal activations, such as mixed-effects multilevel analysis (MEMA). We also show that the relationship between neuronal activation in fMRI and behavioral data can be modeled using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A real-world dataset for the neuronal response to nicotine use was acquired using a custom-made MRI-compatible apparatus for the smoking of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Nineteen participants smoked e-cigarettes in an MRI scanner using the apparatus with two experimental conditions: e-cigarettes with nicotine (ECIG) and sham e-cigarettes without nicotine (SCIG) and subjective ratings were collected. The right insula was identified in the ECIG condition from the χ2 -test of the MEMA but not from the t-test, and the corresponding activations were significantly associated with the similarity scores (r = -.52, p = .041, confidence interval [CI] = [-0.78, -0.17]) and the urge-to-smoke scores (r = .73, p <.001, CI = [0.52, 0.88]). From the contrast between the two conditions (i.e., ECIG > SCIG), the right orbitofrontal cortex was identified from the χ2 -tests, and the corresponding neuronal activations showed a statistically meaningful association with similarity (r = -.58, p = .01, CI = [-0.84, -0.17]) and the urge to smoke (r = .34, p = .15, CI = [0.09, 0.56]). The validity of our analysis pipeline (i.e., MEMA followed by CCA) was further evaluated using the fMRI and behavioral data acquired from the working memory and gambling tasks available from the Human Connectome Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungman Jo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Niv Lustig
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Perez Diaz M, Pochon JB, Ghahremani DG, Dean AC, Faulkner P, Petersen N, Tyndale RF, Donis A, Paez D, Cahuantzi C, Hellemann GS, London ED. Sex Differences in the Association of Cigarette Craving With Insula Structure. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:624-633. [PMID: 33830218 PMCID: PMC8378076 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette craving, which can negatively impact smoking cessation, is reportedly stronger in women than in men when they initiate abstinence from smoking. Identifying approaches to counteract craving in people of different sexes may facilitate the development of personalized treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder, which disproportionately affects women. Because cigarette craving is associated with nicotine dependence and structure of the insula, this study addressed whether a person's sex influences these associations. METHODS The research participants (n = 99, 48 women) reported daily cigarette smoking and provided self-reports of nicotine dependence. After overnight abstinence from smoking, they underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning to determine cortical thickness of the left and right anterior circular insular sulcus, and self-rated their cigarette craving before and after their first cigarette of the day. RESULTS Women reported stronger craving than men irrespective of smoking condition (i.e., pre- and post-smoking) (P = .048), and smoking reduced craving irrespective of sex (P < .001). A 3-way interaction of sex, smoking condition, and right anterior circular insular sulcus thickness on craving (P = .033) reflected a negative association of cortical thickness with pre-smoking craving in women only (P = .012). No effects of cortical thickness in the left anterior circular insular sulcus were detected. Nicotine dependence was positively associated with craving (P < .001) across groups and sessions, with no sex differences in this association. CONCLUSIONS A negative association of right anterior insula thickness with craving in women only suggests that this region may be a relevant therapeutic target for brain-based smoking cessation interventions in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylen Perez Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pochon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dara G Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andy C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul Faulkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Donis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Paez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Citlaly Cahuantzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerhard S Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Dong F, Li X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Zhang S, Xue T, Ren Y, Lv X, Yuan K, Yu D. Abnormal resting-state EEG power and impaired inhibition control in young smokers. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136120. [PMID: 34280504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine during adolescence may cause neurophysiological changes and increase the risks of developing nicotine dependence; it can even lead to lifelong smoking. The intake of nicotine may also lead to abnormal patterns of oscillatory brain activity and inhibition control deficits. However, little is known about the specific relationship between oscillatory brain activity during the resting state and inhibition control capacity in young smokers. In the present study, we acquired resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) data from thirty-four young smokers and 39 age-matched non-smoking controls. Inhibition control performance was measured by a Go/NoGo task. Compared with non-smoking controls, we detected reduced low-frequency delta band activity in the frontal, central and posterior cortices of young smokers. Furthermore, young smokers committed more errors in response to infrequent NoGo trials. Notably, we demonstrated that delta absolute power in the frontal region was negatively correlated with NoGo errors and that alpha power in the central region was positively correlated with NoGo errors in non-smoking controls but not in young smokers. These findings may suggest that these inhibitory control processes were associated with alterations in oscillatory brain activity during the resting state. Our findings suggest that alterations of power spectra in delta bands may act as a useful biomarker of inhibitory control performance and provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of nicotine addiction in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Yunmiao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Shaodi Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Shidi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lv
- College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China.
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23
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Oh H, Lee J, Gosnell SN, Patriquin M, Kosten T, Salas R. Orbitofrontal, dorsal striatum, and habenula functional connectivity in psychiatric patients with substance use problems. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106457. [PMID: 32371303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance abuse is commonly defined as the persistence of drug use despite negative consequences. Recent preclinical work has shown that higher input from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the dorsal striatum was associated with compulsive reward-seeking behavior despite negative effects. It remains unknown whether drug use is associated with the connectivity between the OFC and dorsal striatum in humans. We studied the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the OFC, dorsal striatum, and habenula (and the whole brain in a separate analysis) in psychiatric inpatients with high (PU, problem users) and low (LU, low users) substance use. We matched PU and LU for psychiatric comorbidities. We found that PU showed higher RSFC between the left OFC and the left dorsal striatum than LU. RSFC between the habenula and both OFC and dorsal striatum was also higher in PU, which suggests the habenula may be a part of the same circuit. Finally, higher RSFC between the OFC and insula was also observed in PU. Our data shows that OFC, habenula, dorsal striatum, and insula may play an important role in PU. Furthermore, we postulate that the habenula may link the mesolimbic and cortico-striatal systems, which are altered in PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntaek Oh
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, College of Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Savannah N Gosnell
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Patriquin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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24
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Calabro KS, Khalil GE, Chen M, Perry CL, Prokhorov AV. Pilot study to inform young adults about the risks of electronic cigarettes through text messaging. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100224. [PMID: 31828203 PMCID: PMC6889374 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults are rapidly adopting electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. The popularity of e-cigarettes among young people can be attributed to heavy industry advertising and misleading health claims. Data indicate that young e-cigarette users who have never used conventional cigarettes may transition toward smoking combustible cigarettes. Communicating e-cigarette risks via text messaging is limited. This pilot study assessed the impact of exposure to 16 text messages on e-cigarette knowledge and risk perception. The short text messages delivered to participants conveyed e-cigarette use may lead to addiction to nicotine and explained the latest health-related findings. METHODS A two-group randomized pretest and posttest study was conducted among 95 racially, ethnically diverse young adults recruited from vocational training programs. Fifty percent of participants were randomized to receive either gain- or loss-framed messages. Knowledge and risk perceptions about e-cigarettes and tobacco use were assessed pre- and post-message exposure. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years, SD = 1.7. Current use of e-cigarettes was reported by 10.5% (10/95) and 27.4% (26/95) used a variety of other tobacco products. Findings revealed significant increases in knowledge about e-cigarettes after exposure to the messages (range for ps: p < 04 to p < 0.0001). A statistically significant increase in perceived e-cigarette risk was found post-exposure (p = 0.002). Participants randomized to gain-framed messages reported a significantly higher perceived risk of using e-cigarettes post-exposure than did those who received loss-framed messages (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This was a small-scale pilot requiring additional evidence to support the effectiveness of text messaging for increasing e-cigarette knowledge and risk perception. Future research may apply text messages to test new ways to educate young populations about tobacco use and consider addressing these messages to specific subgroups at high risk of use such as non-college bound young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S. Calabro
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Georges E. Khalil
- Department of Behavioral Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minxing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Perry
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Alexander V. Prokhorov
- Department of Behavioral Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Faulkner P, Ghahremani DG, Tyndale RF, Paterson NE, Cox C, Ginder N, Hellemann G, London ED. Neural basis of smoking-induced relief of craving and negative affect: Contribution of nicotine. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1087-1095. [PMID: 30307083 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Smoking-induced relief of craving and withdrawal promotes continued cigarette use. Understanding how relief is produced and the role of nicotine in this process may facilitate development of new smoking-cessation therapies. As the US Food and Drug Administration considers setting a standard for reduced nicotine content in cigarettes to improve public health, knowledge of how nicotine contributes to relief also can inform policy. We assessed effects of nicotine using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and behavioral assessments of craving and negative affect. Twenty-one young (18-25 years old) daily smokers underwent overnight abstinence on 4 days. On each of the following mornings, they self-rated their cigarette craving and negative affect and underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) before and after smoking a cigarette that delivered 0.027, 0.110, 0.231, or 0.763 mg of nicotine. Functional connectivity between the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and between the nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was assessed. Smoking reduced craving, negative affect, and nucleus accumbens-OFC connectivity irrespective of nicotine dose, with positive correlations of the effects on behavioral and connectivity measures. Only the highest nicotine dose (0.763 mg) reduced right anterior insula-ACC connectivity; this reduction was positively correlated with the behavioral effects of the 0.763-mg dose only. While nicotine-based therapies may act on right anterior insula-ACC functional circuits to facilitate smoking cessation, non-nicotine (eg, the conditioned and sensorimotor) aspects of smoking may promote cessation by reducing OFC-accumbens connectivity to alleviate withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Faulkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Dara G. Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Psychiatry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Neil E. Paterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Chelsea Cox
- Department of Psychology; University of Illinois; Chicago Illinois
| | - Nathaniel Ginder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
- The Brain Research Institute; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
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26
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Lin F, Wu G, Zhu L, Lei H. Region-Specific Changes of Insular Cortical Thickness in Heavy Smokers. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:265. [PMID: 31417384 PMCID: PMC6685069 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insula plays an essential role in maintaining the addiction to cigarette smoking and smoking-related alterations on the insular volume and density have been reported in smokers. However, less is known about the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the insular cortical thickness. In this study, we explored the region-specific changes of insular cortical thickness in heavy smokers and their relations with smoking-related variables. 37 heavy smokers (29 males, mean age 47.19 ± 7.22 years) and 37 non-smoking healthy controls (29 males, mean age 46.95 ± 8.45 years) participated in the study. Subregional insular cortical thickness was evaluated and compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate relationships between the insular cortical thickness and clinical characteristics in heavy smokers. There was no statistical difference on the cortical thickness in the left insula (p = 0.536) between the two groups while heavy smokers had a slightly thinner cortical thickness in the right insula (p = 0.048). In addition, heavy smokers showed a greater cortical thinning in the anterior (p = 0.0084) and superior (p = 0.0054) segment of the circular sulcus of the right insula as well as the inferior (p = 0.012) segment of the circular sulcus of the left insula. Moreover, the cortical thickness of the superior segment of the circular sulcus of the left insula was correlated negatively with nicotine severity (r = −0.423; p = 0.009) and the longer cigarette exposure was associated with the cortical thinning in the long insular gyrus and central sulcus of the right insula (r = −0.475; p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that chronic cigarette use is associated with region-specific insular thinning, which has the potential to improve our understanding of the specific roles of insular subregions in nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Medical College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Yu D, Yuan K, Cheng J, Guan Y, Li Y, Bi Y, Zhai J, Luo L, Liu B, Xue T, Lu X. Reduced Thalamus Volume May Reflect Nicotine Severity in Young Male Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2019. [PMID: 28651369 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Nicotine acts as an agonist at presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and to facilitate synaptic release of several neurotransmitters including dopamine and glutamate. The thalamus has the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, which may make this area more vulnerable to the addictive effects of nicotine. However, the volume of thalamus abnormalities and the association with smoking behaviors in young smokers remains unknown. Methods Thirty-six young male smokers and 36 age-, gender- and education-matched nonsmokers participated in the current study. The nicotine dependence severity and cumulative effect were assessed with the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and pack-years. We used subcortical volume analyses method in FreeSurfer to investigate the thalamus volume differences between young smokers and nonsmokers. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between thalamus volume and smoking behaviors (pack-years and FTND) in young smokers. Results and Conclusions Relative to nonsmokers, the young smokers showed reduced volume of bilateral thalamus. In addition, the left thalamus volume was correlated with FTND in young smokers. It is hoped that our findings can shed new insights into the neurobiology of young smokers. Implications In this article, we investigated the changes of thalamus volume in young male smokers compared with nonsmokers. Reduced left thalamus volume was correlated with FTND in young smokers, which may reflect nicotine severity in young male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiadong Cheng
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Guan
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangding Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinquan Zhai
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
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28
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Ibrahim C, Rubin-Kahana DS, Pushparaj A, Musiol M, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Zangen A, Le Foll B. The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:720. [PMID: 31312138 PMCID: PMC6614510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing public health concern with only a limited number of approved treatments. However, even approved treatments are subject to limited efficacy with high long-term relapse rates. Current treatment approaches are typically a combination of pharmacotherapies and behavioral counselling. Growing evidence and technological advances suggest the potential of brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of SUDs. There are three main brain stimulation techniques that are outlined in this review: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The insula, a region of the cerebral cortex, is known to be involved in critical aspects underlying SUDs, such as interoception, decision making, anxiety, pain perception, cognition, mood, threat recognition, and conscious urges. This review focuses on both the preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating the role of the insula in addiction, thereby demonstrating its promise as a target for brain stimulation. Future research should evaluate the optimal parameters for brain stimulation of the insula, through the use of relevant biomarkers and clinical outcomes for SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ibrahim
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abhiram Pushparaj
- Qunuba Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ironstone Product Development, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addictions Division, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Hsu LM, Keeley RJ, Liang X, Brynildsen JK, Lu H, Yang Y, Stein EA. Intrinsic Insular-Frontal Networks Predict Future Nicotine Dependence Severity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5028-5037. [PMID: 30992371 PMCID: PMC6670258 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0140-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 60% of the US population have tried smoking cigarettes, only 16% smoke regularly. Identifying this susceptible subset of the population before the onset of nicotine dependence may encourage targeted early interventions to prevent regular smoking and/or minimize severity. While prospective neuroimaging in human populations can be challenging, preclinical neuroimaging models before chronic nicotine administration can help to develop translational biomarkers of disease risk. Chronic, intermittent nicotine (0, 1.2, or 4.8 mg/kg/d; N = 10-11/group) was administered to male Sprague Dawley rats for 14 d; dependence severity was quantified using precipitated withdrawal behaviors collected before, during, and following forced nicotine abstinence. Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) before drug administration was subjected to a graph theory analytical framework to form a predictive model of subsequent individual differences in nicotine dependence. Whole-brain modularity analysis identified five modules in the rat brain. A metric of intermodule connectivity, participation coefficient, of an identified insular-frontal cortical module predicted subsequent dependence severity, independent of nicotine dose. To better spatially isolate this effect, this module was subjected to a secondary exploratory modularity analysis, which segregated it into three submodules (frontal-motor, insular, and sensory). Higher FC among these three submodules and three of the five originally identified modules (striatal, frontal-executive, and sensory association) also predicted dependence severity. These data suggest that predispositional, intrinsic differences in circuit strength between insular-frontal-based brain networks before drug exposure may identify those at highest risk for the development of nicotine dependence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developing biomarkers of individuals at high risk for addiction before the onset of this brain-based disease is essential for prevention, early intervention, and/or subsequent treatment decisions. Using a rodent model of nicotine dependence and a novel data-driven, network-based analysis of resting-state fMRI data collected before drug exposure, functional connections centered on an intrinsic insular-frontal module predicted the severity of nicotine dependence after drug exposure. The predictive capacity of baseline network measures was specific to inter-regional but not within-region connectivity. While insular and frontal regions have consistently been implicated in nicotine dependence, this is the first study to reveal that innate, individual differences in their circuit strength have the predictive capacity to identify those at greatest risk for and resilience to drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Hsu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Robin J Keeley
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Xia Liang
- Research Center of Basic Space Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi 150001, Heilongjiang Sheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia K Brynildsen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
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Hina F, Aspell JE. Altered interoceptive processing in smokers: Evidence from the heartbeat tracking task. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 142:10-16. [PMID: 31152763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging evidence suggests that interoceptive processing might be altered in nicotine addiction, however this has not yet been confirmed with behavioural measures. Therefore, we investigated the perception of internal bodily states in smokers (n = 49) and people who had never smoked (n = 51), by measuring interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) and interoceptive sensibility (IS). IAcc was measured with a heartbeat tracking task and a heartbeat discrimination task. Performance on the heartbeat tracking task may be influenced by one's ability to estimate an elapsed time interval so this was controlled by also administering a time-estimation (TE) task. IS was measured using two sub-scales from the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). All smokers completed the Revised Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND-R) to measure addiction severity. Non-smokers performed significantly better than smokers on the heartbeat tracking task. There were no significant group differences observed for the remaining variables. Furthermore, none of the variables predicted addiction severity. This is the first demonstration of behavioural differences in interoception between smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Hina
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jane E Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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31
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Kohno M, Link J, Dennis LE, McCready H, Huckans M, Hoffman WF, Loftis JM. Neuroinflammation in addiction: A review of neuroimaging studies and potential immunotherapies. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 179:34-42. [PMID: 30695700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a worldwide public health problem and this article reviews scientific advances in identifying the role of neuroinflammation in the genesis, maintenance, and treatment of substance use disorders. With an emphasis on neuroimaging techniques, this review examines human studies of addiction using positron emission tomography to identify binding of translocator protein (TSPO), which is upregulated in reactive glial cells and activated microglia during pathological states. High TSPO levels have been shown in methamphetamine use but exhibits variable patterns in cocaine use. Alcohol and nicotine use, however, are associated with lower TSPO levels. We discuss how mechanistic differences at the neurotransmitter and circuit level in the neural effects of these agents and subsequent immune response may explain these observations. Finally, we review the potential of anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibudilast, minocycline, and pioglitazone, to ameliorate the behavioral and cognitive consequences of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milky Kohno
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeanne Link
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura E Dennis
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Holly McCready
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marilyn Huckans
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA; Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William F Hoffman
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA; Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
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32
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Tang J, O’Neill J, Alger JR, Shen Z, Johnson MC, London ED. N-Acetyl and Glutamatergic Neurometabolites in Perisylvian Brain Regions of Methamphetamine Users. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:1-9. [PMID: 29788422 PMCID: PMC6313110 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine induces neuronal N-acetyl-aspartate synthesis in preclinical studies. In a preliminary human proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging investigation, we also observed that N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in right inferior frontal cortex correlated with years of heavy methamphetamine abuse. In the same brain region, glutamate+glutamine is lower in methamphetamine users than in controls and is negatively correlated with depression. N-acetyl and glutamatergic neurochemistries therefore merit further investigation in methamphetamine abuse and the associated mood symptoms. Methods Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to measure N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate and glutamate+glutamine in bilateral inferior frontal cortex and insula, a neighboring perisylvian region affected by methamphetamine, of 45 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent and 45 healthy control participants. Regional neurometabolite levels were tested for group differences and associations with duration of heavy methamphetamine use, depressive symptoms, and state anxiety. Results In right inferior frontal cortex, N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate correlated with years of heavy methamphetamine use (r = +0.45); glutamate+glutamine was lower in methamphetamine users than in controls (9.3%) and correlated negatively with depressive symptoms (r = -0.44). In left insula, N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate was 9.1% higher in methamphetamine users than controls. In right insula, glutamate+glutamine was 12.3% lower in methamphetamine users than controls and correlated negatively with depressive symptoms (r = -0.51) and state anxiety (r = -0.47). Conclusions The inferior frontal cortex and insula show methamphetamine-related abnormalities, consistent with prior observations of increased cortical N-acetyl-aspartate in methamphetamine-exposed animal models and associations between cortical glutamate and mood in human methamphetamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimaging, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joseph O’Neill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Zhiwei Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Maritza C Johnson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimaging, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edythe D London
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimaging, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Wang C, Huang P, Shen Z, Qian W, Li K, Luo X, Zeng Q, Guo T, Yu H, Yang Y, Zhang M. Gray matter volumes of insular subregions are not correlated with smoking cessation outcomes but negatively correlated with nicotine dependence severity in chronic smokers. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:7-12. [PMID: 30543846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insula, a cortical region that integrates heterogeneous signals about internal states and contributes to executive functions, has been implicated as an important role in the maintenance of nicotine dependence. Previous studies have indicated that insula damage may contribute to quitting smoking successfully, but few studies have examined whether quitting successfully is related to cortical structural integrity of insular subregions before smoking cessation treatment. Moreover, although prior researches have shown group differences in insular cortex structure in chronic cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers, less is known about how cortical structural integrity of insular subregions relate to smoking behaviors in smokers. This study, therefore, aimed to (1) further explore the association between the cortical structural integrity of insular subregions prior to the target quit date and the treatment outcomes of smoking cessation therapy; and (2) further evaluate how the cortical structural integrity of insular subregions are related to smoking behaviors. In the present study, a total of 83 smokers and 41 nonsmokers were enrolled and high-resolution structural magnetic resonance images were acquired from all participants. After a 12-week smoking cessation treatment, 28 smokers succeeded in quitting smoking, 46 failed, and 9 were unable to be contacted. Our analysis showed that gray-matter volume of bilateral anterior insula were negatively correlated with nicotine dependence scores. However, the smoking cessation outcomes showed no correlations with the gray-matter volume and seed-based structural covariance network of insular subregions prior to smoking cessation. The present study further clarified the more precise roles of the insular cortex in smoking behaviors, which might improve the understanding of the mechanism in the nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Zlomuzica A, Machulska A, Roberts S, von Glischinski M, Rinck M, Lester KJ, Eley TC, Margraf J. The dopamine D2 receptor mediates approach-avoidance tendencies in smokers. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:261-268. [PMID: 28364268 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2) have been strongly implicated in reward processing of natural stimuli and drugs. Using the approach-avoidance task (AAT), we recently demonstrated that smokers show an increased approach-bias toward smoking-related cues but not toward naturally rewarding stimuli. Here, we examined the contribution of the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism to smokers' and non-smokers' responsivity toward smoking versus naturally rewarding stimuli in the AAT. Smokers carrying the minor B1 allele of the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism showed reduced approach behavior for food-related pictures compared to non-smokers with the same allele. In the group of smokers, a higher approach-bias toward smoking-related compared to food-related pictures was found in carriers of the B1 allele. This pattern was not evident in smokers homozygous for the B2 allele. In addition, smokers with the B1 allele reported fewer attempts to quit smoking relative to smokers homozygous for the B2 allele. This is the first study demonstrating that behavioral shifts in response to smoking relative to natural rewards in smokers are mediated by the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism. Our results indicate a reduced natural-reward brain reactivity in smokers with a genetically determined decrease in dopaminergic activity (i.e., reduction of DRD2 availability). It remains to be determined whether this pattern might be related to a different outcome after psychological cessation interventions, i.e., AAT modification paradigms, in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Alla Machulska
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanna Roberts
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael von Glischinski
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Rinck
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J Lester
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochumer Fenster, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
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35
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Yu D, Yuan K, Bi Y, Luo L, Zhai J, Liu B, Li Y, Cheng J, Guan Y, Xue T, Bu L, Su S, Ma Y, Qin W, Tian J, Lu X. Altered interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in young male smokers. Addict Biol 2018; 23:772-780. [PMID: 28474806 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the help of advanced neuroimaging approaches, previous studies revealed structural and functional brain changes in smokers compared with healthy non-smokers. Homotopic resting-state functional connectivity between the corresponding regions in cerebral hemispheres may help us to deduce the changes of functional coordination in the whole brain of young male smokers. Functional homotopy reflects an essential aspect of brain function and communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, which is important for the integrity of brain function. However, few studies used voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method to investigate the changes of homotopic connectivity in young male smokers. Twenty-seven young male smokers and 27 matched healthy male non-smokers were recruited in our study. Compared with healthy male non-smokers, young male smokers showed decreased VMHC values in the insula and putamen, and increased VMHC values in the prefrontal cortex. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there were significant positive correlations between the average VMHC values of the prefrontal cortex and pack-years in young male smokers. In addition, significant negative correlation was found between the average VMHC values in the insula and pack-years. Our results revealed the disrupted homotopic resting-state functional connectivity in young male smokers. The novel findings may extend our understanding of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Jinquan Zhai
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Yangding Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-source Information Mining and Security; Guangxi Normal University; China
| | - Jiadong Cheng
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Yanyan Guan
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Limei Bu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Shaoping Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Yao Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Wei Qin
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Jie Tian
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
- Institute of Automation; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
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Wang S, Liu J, Tian L, Chen L, Wang J, Tang Q, Zhang F, Zhou Z. Increased Insular Cortical Thickness Associated With Symptom Severity in Male Youths With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Surface-Based Morphometric Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:99. [PMID: 29666588 PMCID: PMC5891580 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising increase in Internet-usage, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has gained massive attention worldwide. However, detailed cerebral morphological changes remain unclear in youths with IGD. In the current study, our aim was to investigate cortical morphology and further explore the relationship between the cortical morphology and symptom severity in male youths with IGD. Forty-eight male youths with IGD and 32 age- and education-matched normal controls received magnetic resonance imaging scans. We employed a recently proposed surface-based morphometric approach for the measurement of cortical thickness (CT). We found that youths with IGD showed increased CT in the bilateral insulae and the right inferior temporal gyrus. Moreover, significantly decreased CT were found in several brain areas in youths with IGD, including the bilateral banks of the superior temporal sulci, the right inferior parietal cortex, the right precuneus, the right precentral gyrus, and the left middle temporal gyrus. Additionally, youths with IGD demonstrated a significantly positive correlation between the left insular CT and symptom severity. Our data provide evidence for the finding of abnormal CT in distributed cerebral areas and support the notion that altered structural abnormalities observed in substance addiction are also manifested in IGD. Such information extends current knowledge about IGD-related brain reorganization and could help future efforts in identifying the role of insula in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Substance Dependency, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunfeng Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
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37
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Kim JE, Kim GH, Hwang J, Kim JY, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd D, Kim B, Kang I, Jeon S, Ma J, Lyoo IK, Yoon S. Metabolic alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex and related cognitive deficits in late adolescent methamphetamine users. Addict Biol 2018; 23:327-336. [PMID: 27813228 PMCID: PMC5418116 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adolescent brain, with ongoing prefrontal maturation, may be more vulnerable to drug use-related neurotoxic changes as compared to the adult brain. We investigated whether the use of methamphetamine (MA), a highly addictive psychostimulant, during adolescence affect metabolic and cognitive functions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In adolescent MA users (n = 44) and healthy adolescents (n = 53), the levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a neuronal marker, were examined in the ACC using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Stroop color-word task was used to assess Stroop interference, which may reflect cognitive functions of behavior monitoring and response selection that are mediated by the ACC. Adolescent MA users had lower NAA levels in the ACC (t = -2.88, P = 0.005) and relatively higher interference scores (t = 2.03, P = 0.045) than healthy adolescents. Moreover, there were significant relationships between lower NAA levels in the ACC and worse interference scores in adolescent MA users (r = -0.61, P < 0.001). Interestingly, early onset of MA use, as compared to late onset, was related to both lower NAA levels in the ACC (t = -2.24, P = 0.03) as well as lower performance on interference measure of the Stroop color-word task (t = 2.25, P = 0.03). The current findings suggest that metabolic dysfunction in the ACC and its related cognitive impairment may play an important role in adolescent-onset addiction, particularly during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun E. Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, SLC, Utah, USA
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, SLC, Utah, USA
| | - Binna Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saerom Jeon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
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38
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Lippard ETC, Mazure CM, Johnston JAY, Spencer L, Weathers J, Pittman B, Wang F, Blumberg HP. Brain circuitry associated with the development of substance use in bipolar disorder and preliminary evidence for sexual dimorphism in adolescents. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:777-791. [PMID: 27870392 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders and mood disorders are highly comorbid and confer a high risk for adverse outcomes. However, data are limited on the neurodevelopmental basis of this comorbidity. Substance use initiation typically occurs during adolescence, and sex-specific developmental mechanisms are implicated. In this preliminary study, we review the literature and investigate regional gray matter volume (GMV) associated with subsequent substance use problems in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) and explore these associations for females and males. Thirty adolescents with DSM-IV-diagnosed BD and minimal alcohol/substance exposure completed baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. At follow-up (on average 6 years post baseline), subjects were administered the CRAFFT interview and categorized into those scoring at high ( ≥ 2: CRAFFTHIGH ) vs. low ( < 2: CRAFFTLOW ) risk for alcohol/substance problems. Lower GMV in prefrontal, insular, and temporopolar cortices were observed at baseline among adolescents with BD reporting subsequent alcohol and cannabis use compared to adolescents with BD who did not (P < 0.005, clusters ≥ 20 voxels). Lower dorsolateral prefrontal GMV was associated with future substance use in both females and males. In females, lower orbitofrontal and insula GMV was associated with future substance use, while in males, lower rostral prefrontal GMV was associated with future use. Lower orbitofrontal, insular, and temporopolar GMV was observed in those who transitioned to smoking tobacco. Findings indicate that GMV development is associated with risk for future substance use problems in adolescents with BD, with results implicating GMV development in regions subserving emotional regulation in females and regions subserving executive processes and attention in males. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T C Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Judah Weathers
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zhang S, Hu S, Fucito LM, Luo X, Mazure CM, Zaborszky L, Li CSR. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Cigarette Smokers: Dependence Level and Gender Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:452-459. [PMID: 27613921 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have characterized impaired cerebral functioning in nicotine-addicted individuals. Whereas nicotine interacts with multiple neurotransmitters in cortical and subcortical circuits, it directly targets the cholinergic system, sourced primarily from the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM). However, no studies have examined how this cholinergic system is influenced by cigarette smoking. Here, we addressed this gap of research. Methods Using a dataset from the Functional Connectome Projects, we investigated this issue by contrasting seed-based BNM connectivity of 40 current smokers and 170 age- and gender-matched nonsmokers. We followed our data analytic routines in recent work and examined differences between smokers and nonsmokers in men and women combined as well as separately. Results Compared to nonsmokers, female but not male smokers demonstrated greater positive BNM connectivity to the supplementary motor area, bilateral anterior insula, and right superior temporal/supramarginal gyri as well as greater negative connectivity to the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Further, BNM connectivity to the supplementary motor area is negatively correlated to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score in male but not female smokers. Conclusions Along with a previous report of upregulated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in male but not female smokers, these new findings highlight functional changes of the cholinergic systems in cigarette smokers. The results suggest sex-specific differences in cholinergic dysregulation and a need for multiple imaging modalities to capture the neural markers of nicotine addiction. Implications Nicotine influences cognition via cholinergic projections of the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex. This study examined changes in resting-state whole-brain functional connectivity of the BNM in cigarette smokers. The new findings elucidate for the first time sex differences in BNM-cerebral connectivity in cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lisa M Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Women's Health Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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40
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Wang C, Bai J, Wang C, von Deneen KM, Yuan K, Cheng J. Altered thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity in smokers. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although peer influence is an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of cannabis use, few studies have investigated the neural correlates of peer influence among cannabis users. The current review summarizes research on the neuroscience of social influence in cannabis users, with the goal of highlighting gaps in the literature and the need for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Brain regions underlying peer influence may function differently in cannabis users. Compared to non-using controls, regions of the brain underlying reward, such as the striatum, show greater connectivity with frontal regions, and also show hyperactivity when participants are presented with peer information. Other subcortical regions, such as the insula, show hypoactivation during social exclusion in cannabis users, indicating that neural responses to peer interactions may be altered in cannabis users. SUMMARY Although neuroscience is increasingly being used to study social behavior, few studies have specifically focused on cannabis use, and therefore it is difficult to draw conclusions about social mechanisms that may differentiate cannabis users and controls. This area of research may be a promising avenue in which to explore a critical factor underlying cannabis use and addiction.
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42
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Kohno M, Morales AM, Guttman Z, London ED. A neural network that links brain function, white-matter structure and risky behavior. Neuroimage 2017; 149:15-22. [PMID: 28131889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to evaluate the balance between risk and reward and to adjust behavior accordingly is fundamental to adaptive decision-making. Although brain-imaging studies consistently have shown involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula and striatum during risky decision-making, activation in a neural network formed by these regions has not been linked to structural connectivity. Therefore, in this study, white-matter connectivity was measured with diffusion-weighted imaging in 40 healthy research participants who performed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, a test of risky decision-making, during fMRI. Fractional anisotropy within a network that includes white-matter pathways connecting four regions (the prefrontal cortex, insula and midbrain to the striatum) was positively correlated with the number of risky choices and total amount earned on the task, and with the parametric modulation of activation in regions within the network to the level of risk during choice selection. Furthermore, analysis using a mixed model demonstrated how relationships of the parametric modulation of activation in each of the four aforementioned regions are related to risk probabilities, and how previous trial outcomes and task progression influence the choice to take risk. The present findings provide the first direct evidence that white-matter integrity is linked to function within previously identified components of a network that is activated during risky decision-making, and demonstrate that the integrity of white-matter tracts is critical in consolidating and processing signals between cortical and striatal circuits during the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milky Kohno
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zoe Guttman
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Dept. of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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43
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Wei L, Zhang S, Turel O, Bechara A, He Q. A Tripartite Neurocognitive Model of Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:285. [PMID: 29312016 PMCID: PMC5735083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Playing Internet games has emerged as a growing in prevalence leisure activity. In some cases, excess gaming can lead to addiction-like symptoms and aversive outcomes that may be seen by some as manifestations of a behavioral addiction. Even though agreement regarding the pathologizing of excessive video gaming is not yet achieved and perhaps because the field requires more research, many works have examined the antecedents and outcomes of what is termed internet gaming disorder (IGD). In this article, we aim at summarizing perspectives and findings related to the neurocognitive processes that may underlie IGD and map such findings onto the triadic-system that governs behavior and decision-making, the deficits in which have been shown to be associated with many addictive disorders. This tripartite system model includes the following three brain systems: (1) the impulsive system, which often mediates fast, automatic, unconscious, and habitual behaviors; (2) the reflective system, which mediates deliberating, planning, predicting future outcomes of selected behaviors, and exerting inhibitory control; and (3) the interoceptive awareness system, which generates a state of craving through the translation of somatic signals into a subjective state of drive. We suggest that IGD formation and maintenance can be associated with (1) a hyperactive "impulsive" system; (2) a hypoactive "reflective" system, as exacerbated by (3) an interoceptive awareness system that potentiates the activity of the impulsive system, and/or hijacks the goal-driven cognitive resources needed for the normal operation of the reflective system. Based on this review, we propose ways to improve the therapy and treatment of IGD and reduce the risk of relapse among recovering IGD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China
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44
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Lee PH, Baker JT, Holmes AJ, Jahanshad N, Ge T, Jung JY, Cruz Y, Manoach DS, Hibar DP, Faskowitz J, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Öngür D, Buckner R, Roffman J, Thompson PM, Smoller JW. Partitioning heritability analysis reveals a shared genetic basis of brain anatomy and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1680-1689. [PMID: 27725656 PMCID: PMC5144575 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. Widespread cortical gray matter loss has been observed in patients and prodromal samples. However, it remains unresolved whether schizophrenia-associated cortical structure variations arise due to disease etiology or secondary to the illness. Here we address this question using a partitioning-based heritability analysis of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and neuroimaging data from 1750 healthy individuals. We find that schizophrenia-associated genetic variants explain a significantly enriched proportion of trait heritability in eight brain phenotypes (false discovery rate=10%). In particular, intracranial volume and left superior frontal gyrus thickness exhibit significant and robust associations with schizophrenia genetic risk under varying SNP selection conditions. Cross-disorder comparison suggests that the neurogenetic architecture of schizophrenia-associated brain regions is, at least in part, shared with other psychiatric disorders. Our study highlights key neuroanatomical correlates of schizophrenia genetic risk in the general population. These may provide fundamental insights into the complex pathophysiology of the illness, and a potential link to neurocognitive deficits shaping the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J T Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - A J Holmes
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - T Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - J-Y Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Systems Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Cruz
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D S Manoach
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - J Faskowitz
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - K L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R Buckner
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - J W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Zhang JT, Yao YW, Potenza MN, Xia CC, Lan J, Liu L, Wang LJ, Liu B, Ma SS, Fang XY. Effects of craving behavioral intervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in Internet gaming disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:591-599. [PMID: 27699148 PMCID: PMC5035334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by high levels of craving for online gaming and related cues. Since addiction-related cues can evoke increased activation in brain areas involved in motivational and reward processing and may engender gaming behaviors or trigger relapse, ameliorating cue-induced craving may be a promising target for interventions for IGD. This study compared neural activation between 40 IGD and 19 healthy control (HC) subjects during an Internet-gaming cue-reactivity task and found that IGD subjects showed stronger activation in multiple brain areas, including the dorsal striatum, brainstem, substantia nigra, and anterior cingulate cortex, but lower activation in the posterior insula. Furthermore, twenty-three IGD subjects (CBI + group) participated in a craving behavioral intervention (CBI) group therapy, whereas the remaining 17 IGD subjects (CBI − group) did not receive any intervention, and all IGD subjects were scanned during similar time intervals. The CBI + group showed decreased IGD severity and cue-induced craving, enhanced activation in the anterior insula and decreased insular connectivity with the lingual gyrus and precuneus after receiving CBI. These findings suggest that CBI is effective in reducing craving and severity in IGD, and it may exert its effects by altering insula activation and its connectivity with regions involved in visual processing and attention bias. IGD subjects showed altered cue-induced neural activation in reward-related areas. IGD subjects alleviated IGD symptoms after CBI. IGD subjects showed higher insular activation after CBI. IGD subjects showed lower insula-lingual gyrus/precuneus connectivity after CBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and CASAColumbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Cui-Cui Xia
- Students Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ling-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ben Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Corresponding author.
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46
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Fedota JR, Matous AL, Salmeron BJ, Gu H, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Insula Demonstrates a Non-Linear Response to Varying Demand for Cognitive Control and Weaker Resting Connectivity With the Executive Control Network in Smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2557-65. [PMID: 27112116 PMCID: PMC4987854 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in cognitive control processes are a primary characteristic of nicotine addiction. However, while network-based connectivity measures of dysfunction have frequently been observed, empirical evidence of task-based dysfunction in these processes has been inconsistent. Here, in a sample of smokers (n=35) and non-smokers (n=21), a previously validated parametric flanker task is employed to characterize addiction-related alterations in responses to varying (ie, high, intermediate, and low) demands for cognitive control. This approach yields a demand-response curve that aims to characterize potential non-linear responses to increased demand for control, including insensitivities or lags in fully activating the cognitive control network. We further used task-based differences in activation between groups as seeds for resting-state analysis of network dysfunction in an effort to more closely link prior inconsistencies in task-related activation with evidence of impaired network connectivity in smokers. For both smokers and non-smokers, neuroimaging results showed similar increases in activation in brain areas associated with cognitive control. However, reduced activation in right insula was seen only in smokers and only when processing intermediate demand for cognitive control. Further, in smokers, this task-modulated right insula showed weaker functional connectivity with the superior frontal gyrus, a component of the task-positive executive control network. These results demonstrate that the neural instantiation of salience attribution in smokers is both more effortful to fully activate and has more difficulty communicating with the exogenous, task-positive, executive control network. Together, these findings further articulate the cognitive control dysfunction associated with smoking and illustrate a specific brain circuit potentially responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +1 443 740 2782, Fax: +1 443 740 2753, E-mail:
| | - Allison L Matous
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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47
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Li Y, Yuan K, Guan Y, Cheng J, Bi Y, Shi S, Xue T, Lu X, Qin W, Yu D, Tian J. The implication of salience network abnormalities in young male adult smokers. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:943-953. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Stoeckel LE, Chai XJ, Zhang J, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Evins AE. Lower gray matter density and functional connectivity in the anterior insula in smokers compared with never smokers. Addict Biol 2016; 21:972-81. [PMID: 25990865 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although nicotine addiction is characterized by both structural and functional abnormalities in brain networks involved in salience and cognitive control, few studies have integrated these data to understand how these abnormalities may support addiction. This study aimed to (1) evaluate gray matter density and functional connectivity of the anterior insula in cigarette smokers and never smokers and (2) characterize how differences in these measures were related to smoking behavior. We compared structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (gray matter density via voxel-based morphometry) and seed-based functional connectivity MRI data in 16 minimally deprived smokers and 16 matched never smokers. Compared with controls, smokers had lower gray matter density in left anterior insula extending into inferior frontal and temporal cortex. Gray matter density in this region was inversely correlated with cigarettes smoked per day. Smokers exhibited negative functional connectivity (anti-correlation) between the anterior insula and regions involved in cognitive control (left lPFC) and semantic processing/emotion regulation (lateral temporal cortex), whereas controls exhibited positive connectivity between these regions. There were differences in the anterior insula, a central region in the brain's salience network, when comparing both volumetric and functional connectivity data between cigarette smokers and never smokers. Volumetric data, but not the functional connectivity data, were also associated with an aspect of smoking behavior (daily cigarettes smoked).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke E. Stoeckel
- Department of Psychiatry; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Xiaoqian J. Chai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - A. Eden Evins
- Department of Psychiatry; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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49
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Etiological theories of addiction: A comprehensive update on neurobiological, genetic and behavioural vulnerability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:59-68. [PMID: 27306332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, about 246 million people around the world have used an illicit drug. The reasons for this use are multiple: e.g. to augment the sensation of pleasure or to reduce the withdrawal and other aversive effects of a given substance. This raises the problem of addiction, which remains a disease of modern society. This review offers a comprehensive update of the different theories about the etiology of addictive behaviors with emphasis on the neurobiological, environmental, psychopathological, behavioural and genetic aspects of addictions, discussed from an evolutionary perspective. The main conclusion of this review is that vulnerability to drug addiction suggests an interaction between many brain systems (including the reward, decision-making, serotonergic, oxytocin, interoceptive insula, CRF, norepinephrine, dynorphin/KOR, orexin and vasopressin systems), genetic predisposition, sociocultural context, impulsivity and drugs types. Further advances in biological and psychological science are needed to address the problems of addiction at its roots.
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50
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Sutherland MT, Riedel MC, Flannery JS, Yanes JA, Fox PT, Stein EA, Laird AR. Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:16. [PMID: 27251183 PMCID: PMC4890474 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas acute nicotine administration alters brain function which may, in turn, contribute to enhanced attention and performance, chronic cigarette smoking is linked with regional brain atrophy and poorer cognition. However, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies comparing smokers versus nonsmokers have been inconsistent and measures of gray matter possess limited ability to inform functional relations or behavioral implications. The purpose of this study was to address these interpretational challenges through meta-analytic techniques in the service of clarifying the impact of chronic smoking on gray matter integrity and more fully contextualizing such structural alterations. Methods We first conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural MRI studies to identify consistent structural alterations associated with chronic smoking. Subsequently, we conducted two additional meta-analytic assessments to enhance insight into potential functional and behavioral relations. Specifically, we performed a multimodal meta-analytic assessment to test the structural–functional hypothesis that smoking-related structural alterations overlapped those same regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Finally, we employed database driven tools to identify pairs of structurally impacted regions that were also functionally related via meta-analytic connectivity modeling, and then delineated behavioral phenomena associated with such functional interactions via behavioral decoding. Results Across studies, smoking was associated with convergent structural decreases in the left insula, right cerebellum, parahippocampus, multiple prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions, and the thalamus. Indicating a structural–functional relation, we observed that smoking-related gray matter decreases overlapped with the acute functional effects of nicotinic agonist administration in the left insula, ventromedial PFC, and mediodorsal thalamus. Suggesting structural-behavioral implications, we observed that the left insula’s task-based, functional interactions with multiple other structurally impacted regions were linked with pain perception, the right cerebellum’s interactions with other regions were associated with overt body movements, interactions between the parahippocampus and thalamus were linked with memory processes, and interactions between medial PFC regions were associated with face processing. Conclusions Collectively, these findings emphasize brain regions (e.g., ventromedial PFC, insula, thalamus) critically linked with cigarette smoking, suggest neuroimaging paradigms warranting additional consideration among smokers (e.g., pain processing), and highlight regions in need of further elucidation in addiction (e.g., cerebellum). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, AHC-4, RM 312, 11200 S.W. 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, AHC-4, RM 312, 11200 S.W. 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, AHC-4, RM 312, 11200 S.W. 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Julio A Yanes
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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