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Stringaris A, Vidal-Ribas Belil P, Artiges E, Lemaitre H, Gollier-Briant F, Wolke S, Vulser H, Miranda R, Penttilä J, Struve M, Fadai T, Kappel V, Grimmer Y, Goodman R, Poustka L, Conrod P, Cattrell A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Nees F, Papadopoulos D, Paus T, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Martinot JL, Schumann G, Paillère-Martinot ML. The Brain's Response to Reward Anticipation and Depression in Adolescence: Dimensionality, Specificity, and Longitudinal Predictions in a Community-Based Sample. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:1215-23. [PMID: 26085042 PMCID: PMC7614275 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether alterations in the brain's reward network operate as a mechanism across the spectrum of risk for depression. They then tested whether these alterations are specific to anhedonia as compared with low mood and whether they are predictive of depressive outcomes. METHOD Functional MRI was used to collect blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses to anticipation of reward in the monetary incentive task in 1,576 adolescents in a community-based sample. Adolescents with current subthreshold depression and clinical depression were compared with matched healthy subjects. In addition, BOLD responses were compared across adolescents with anhedonia, low mood, or both symptoms, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS Activity in the ventral striatum was reduced in participants with subthreshold and clinical depression relative to healthy comparison subjects. Low ventral striatum activation predicted transition to subthreshold or clinical depression in previously healthy adolescents at 2-year follow-up. Brain responses during reward anticipation decreased in a graded manner between healthy adolescents, adolescents with current or future subthreshold depression, and adolescents with current or future clinical depression. Low ventral striatum activity was associated with anhedonia but not low mood; however, the combined presence of both symptoms showed the strongest reductions in the ventral striatum in all analyses. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that reduced striatal activation operates as a mechanism across the risk spectrum for depression. It is associated with anhedonia in healthy adolescents and is a behavioral indicator of positive valence systems, consistent with predictions based on the Research Domain Criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Stringaris
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pablo Vidal-Ribas Belil
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Artiges
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hervé Lemaitre
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fanny Gollier-Briant
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Selina Wolke
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hélène Vulser
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruben Miranda
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jani Penttilä
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Struve
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tahmine Fadai
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Goodman
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia Conrod
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Cattrell
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uli Bromberg
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomas Paus
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rob Whelan
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London; INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France; University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris; AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay; Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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