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Zhao Y, Peng Y, Wei X, Wu G, Li B, Li X, Long L, Zeng J, Luo W, Tian Y, Wang Z, Peng X. N-Salicyloyl Tryptamine Derivatives as Potent Neuroinflammation Inhibitors by Constraining Microglia Activation via a STAT3 Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2484-2503. [PMID: 38865609 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important factor that exacerbates neuronal death and abnormal synaptic function in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to the complex pathogenesis and the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), no effective clinical drugs are currently available. Previous results showed that N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives had the potential to constrain the neuroinflammatory process. In this study, 30 new N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives were designed and synthesized to investigate a structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the indole ring of tryptamine in order to enhance their antineuroinflammatory effects. Among them, both in vitro and in vivo compound 18 exerted the best antineuroinflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of microglia, which is the culprit of neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanism of its antineuroinflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of transcription, expression and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that subsequently regulated downstream cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity. With its excellent BBB permeability and pharmacokinetic properties, compound 18 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in the hippocampal region of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mice than former N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivative L7. In conclusion, compound 18 has provided a new approach for the development of highly effective antineuroinflammatory therapeutic drugs targeting microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Genping Wu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lin Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Feng J, Huang Z, Lu J, Chan L, Feng X, Lei L, Huang Z, Lin L, Yao Y, Zhang X. Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in osteoblasts impaired the bone healing in inflammatory microenvironment. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:136-151. [PMID: 37347649 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effect of Stat3 on the osteoblast-mediated bone healing in the inflammatory lesion. METHODS The conditional knockout of Stat3 in osteoblasts (Stat3 CKO) was generated via the Cre-loxP recombination system using Osterix-Cre transgenic mice. The calvarial bone inflammatory lesions were established on both Stat3 CKO and wild-type mice, then harvested to assess the bone healing. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, osteoblasts from Stat3 CKO and wild-type mice were subjected to examine the formation of calcium deposits, the expression of osteogenic markers (i.e., Runx2, OPN, COL1A1), and osteoclast-related markers (i.e., RANKL, OPG). The EdU and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation and migration of the cells. RESULTS A decrease in bone mass and an increase in osteolysis were found in the inflammatory lesions on Stat3 CKO mice when compared with the control. More osteoclastic-like cells and an increased expression of RANKL were observed in Stat3 CKO mice. Both mRNA and protein expressions of Stat3 and osteogenic markers in the lesions were significantly decreased in Stat3 CKO mice. After co-cultured with osteogenic medium, the Stat3-deficient osteoblasts were found with a significant decrease in calcium deposits and the expression of osteogenic markers, and with a significant increased expression of RANKL. The impaired ossification of Stat3-deficient osteoblasts was even more pronounced with the presence of lipopolysaccharides in vitro. The most decrease in cell proliferation and migration was found in Stat3-deficient osteoblasts in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Stat3 in osteoblasts impaired bone healing in an inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Lu
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Laiting Chan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Lei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuwei Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lichieh Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Daskalakis NP, Iatrou A, Chatzinakos C, Jajoo A, Snijders C, Wylie D, DiPietro CP, Tsatsani I, Chen CY, Pernia CD, Soliva-Estruch M, Arasappan D, Bharadwaj RA, Collado-Torres L, Wuchty S, Alvarez VE, Dammer EB, Deep-Soboslay A, Duong DM, Eagles N, Huber BR, Huuki L, Holstein VL, Logue ΜW, Lugenbühl JF, Maihofer AX, Miller MW, Nievergelt CM, Pertea G, Ross D, Sendi MSE, Sun BB, Tao R, Tooke J, Wolf EJ, Zeier Z, Berretta S, Champagne FA, Hyde T, Seyfried NT, Shin JH, Weinberger DR, Nemeroff CB, Kleinman JE, Ressler KJ. Systems biology dissection of PTSD and MDD across brain regions, cell types, and blood. Science 2024; 384:eadh3707. [PMID: 38781393 PMCID: PMC11203158 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The molecular pathology of stress-related disorders remains elusive. Our brain multiregion, multiomic study of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) included the central nucleus of the amygdala, hippocampal dentate gyrus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Genes and exons within the mPFC carried most disease signals replicated across two independent cohorts. Pathways pointed to immune function, neuronal and synaptic regulation, and stress hormones. Multiomic factor and gene network analyses provided the underlying genomic structure. Single nucleus RNA sequencing in dorsolateral PFC revealed dysregulated (stress-related) signals in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Analyses of brain-blood intersections in >50,000 UK Biobank participants were conducted along with fine-mapping of the results of PTSD and MDD genome-wide association studies to distinguish risk from disease processes. Our data suggest shared and distinct molecular pathology in both disorders and propose potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Artemis Iatrou
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA
| | - Aarti Jajoo
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Clara Snijders
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Christopher P. DiPietro
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ioulia Tsatsani
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health, and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cameron D. Pernia
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Marina Soliva-Estruch
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health, and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Dhivya Arasappan
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Rahul A. Bharadwaj
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Departments of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
- National Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Brain Bank, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory School of Medicine; Atlanta GA, 30329, USA
| | - Amy Deep-Soboslay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory School of Medicine; Atlanta GA, 30329, USA
| | - Nick Eagles
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- National Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Brain Bank, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Louise Huuki
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vincent L Holstein
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Μark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Justina F. Lugenbühl
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health, and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Adam X. Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Geo Pertea
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Deanna Ross
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Mohammad S. E Sendi
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James Tooke
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Zane Zeier
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Sabina Berretta
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Thomas Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory School of Medicine; Atlanta GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Charles B. Nemeroff
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development; Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- McLean Hospital; Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Xu K, Wang M, Wang H, Zhao S, Tu D, Gong X, Li W, Liu X, Zhong L, Chen J, Xie P. HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis drives microglial activation and autophagy exert a crucial role in chronic Stress-Induced major depressive disorder. J Adv Res 2024; 59:79-96. [PMID: 37321346 PMCID: PMC11081938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation and autophagy are implicated in stress-related major depressive disorder (MDD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Here, we identified that MDD regulated by HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis mediated microglial activation and autophagy for the first time. Further investigations were performed to uncover the effects of this axis on MDD in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses were used to re-analysis the transcriptome data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of post-mortem male MDD patients. The expression level of HMGB1 and its correlation with depression symptoms were explored in MDD clinical patients and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression model mice. Specific adeno-associated virus and recombinant (r)HMGB1 injection into the medial PFC (mPFC) of mice, and pharmacological inhibitors with rHMGB1 in two microglial cell lines exposed to lipopolysaccharide were used to analyze the effects of HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis on MDD. RESULTS The differential expression of genes from MDD patients implicated in microglial activation and autophagy regulated by HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis. Serum HMGB1 level was elevated in MDD patients and positively correlated with symptom severity. CSDS not only induced depression-like states in mice, but also enhanced microglial reactivity, autophagy as well as activation of the HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis in mPFC. The expression level of HMGB1 was mainly increased in the microglial cells of CSDS-susceptible mice, which also correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Specific HMGB1 knockdown produced a depression-resilient phenotype and suppressed the associated microglial activation and autophagy effects of CSDS-induced. The effects induced by CSDS were mimicked by exogenous administration of rHMGB1 or specific overexpression of HMGB1, while blocked by STAT3 inhibitor or p65 knockdown. In vitro, inhibition of HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and autophagy, while rHMGB1 reversed these changes. CONCLUSION Our study established the role of microglial HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis in mPFC in mediating microglial activation and autophagy in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dianji Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xue Gong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Li X, Fu Q, Zhong M, Long Y, Zhao F, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Wen M, Chen K, Chen R, Ma X. Quantitative proteomics of the miR-301a/SOCS3/STAT3 axis reveals underlying autism and anxiety-like behavior. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102136. [PMID: 38439911 PMCID: PMC10909786 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder. Although the research on autism spectrum disorders has been increasing in the past decade, there is still no specific answer to its mechanism of action and treatment. As a pro-inflammatory microRNA, miR-301a is abnormally expressed in various psychiatric diseases including autism. Here, we show that miR-301a deletion and inhibition exhibited two distinct abnormal behavioral phenotypes in mice. We observed that miR-301a deletion in mice impaired learning/memory, and enhanced anxiety. On the contrary, miR-301a inhibition effectively reduced the maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced autism-like behaviors in mice. We further demonstrated that miR-301a bound to the 3'UTR region of the SOCS3, and that inhibition of miR-301a led to the upregulation of SOCS3 in hippocampus. The last result in the reduction of the inflammatory response by inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT and STAT3, and the expression level of IL-17A in poly(I:C)-induced autism-like features in mice. The obtained data revealed the miR-301a as a critical participant in partial behavior phenotypes, which may exhibit a divergent role between gene knockout and knockdown. Our findings ascertain that miR-301a negatively regulates SOCS3 in MIA-induced autism in mice and could present a new therapeutic target for ameliorating the behavioral abnormalities of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihao Long
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Fengyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanni Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kaizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rongqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Fang S, Wu Z, Guo Y, Zhu W, Wan C, Yuan N, Chen J, Hao W, Mo X, Guo X, Fan L, Li X, Chen J. Roles of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and their therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193053. [PMID: 37881439 PMCID: PMC10597707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis generates functional neurons from neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) to complement and repair neurons and neural circuits, thus benefiting the treatment of depression. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant microglial activity can disrupt the appropriate formation and development of functional properties of neurogenesis, which will play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of depression. However, the mechanisms of the crosstalk between microglia and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in this review, we first introduce recent discoveries regarding the roles of microglia and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the etiology of depression. Then, we systematically discuss the possible mechanisms of how microglia regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression according to recent studies, which involve toll-like receptors, microglial polarization, fractalkine-C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis, etc. In addition, we summarize the promising drugs that could improve the adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the microglia. These findings will help us understand the complicated pathological mechanisms of depression and shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Fang
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmiao Wan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Hao
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Mo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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7
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Piao J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhao J, Lv Q, Ruan M, Yu Q, Li B. Antidepressant-like Effects of Representative Types of Food and Their Possible Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:6992. [PMID: 37836833 PMCID: PMC10574116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder characterized by low mood, lack of motivation, negative cognitive outlook, and sleep problems. Suicide may occur in severe cases, although suicidal thoughts are not seen in all cases. Globally, an estimated 350 million individuals grapple with depression, as reported by the World Health Organization. At present, drug and psychological treatments are the main treatments, but they produce insufficient responses in many patients and fail to work at all in many others. Consequently, treating depression has long been an important topic in society. Given the escalating prevalence of depression, a comprehensive strategy for managing its symptoms and impacts has garnered significant attention. In this context, nutritional psychiatry emerges as a promising avenue. Extensive research has underscored the potential benefits of a well-rounded diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and meat in alleviating depressive symptoms. However, the intricate mechanisms linking dietary interventions to brain function alterations remain largely unexplored. This review delves into the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression, while exploring the plausible mechanisms underlying the impact of dietary interventions on depression management. As we endeavor to unveil the pathways through which nutrition influences mental well-being, a holistic perspective that encompasses multidisciplinary strategies gains prominence, potentially reshaping how we approach and address depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Piao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Changchun Zhuoyi Biological Co., Ltd., Changchun 130616, China;
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mengyu Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun 130041, China
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Tipton AE, Del Angel YC, Hixson K, Carlsen J, Strode D, Busquet N, Mesches MH, Gonzalez MI, Napoli E, Russek SJ, Brooks-Kayal AR. Selective Neuronal Knockout of STAT3 Function Inhibits Epilepsy Progression, Improves Cognition, and Restores Dysregulated Gene Networks in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:106-122. [PMID: 36935347 PMCID: PMC10313781 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a progressive disorder mediated by pathological changes in molecular cascades and hippocampal neural circuit remodeling that results in spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction. Targeting these cascades may provide disease-modifying treatments for TLE patients. Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitors have emerged as potential disease-modifying therapies; a more detailed understanding of JAK/STAT participation in epileptogenic responses is required, however, to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects associated with global inhibition. METHODS We developed a mouse line in which tamoxifen treatment conditionally abolishes STAT3 signaling from forebrain excitatory neurons (nSTAT3KO). Seizure frequency (continuous in vivo electroencephalography) and memory (contextual fear conditioning and motor learning) were analyzed in wild-type and nSTAT3KO mice after intrahippocampal kainate (IHKA) injection as a model of TLE. Hippocampal RNA was obtained 24 h after IHKA and subjected to deep sequencing. RESULTS Selective STAT3 knock-out in excitatory neurons reduced seizure progression and hippocampal memory deficits without reducing the extent of cell death or mossy fiber sprouting induced by IHKA injection. Gene expression was rescued in major networks associated with response to brain injury, neuronal plasticity, and learning and memory. We also provide the first evidence that neuronal STAT3 may directly influence brain inflammation. INTERPRETATION Inhibiting neuronal STAT3 signaling improved outcomes in an animal model of TLE, prevented progression of seizures and cognitive co-morbidities while rescuing pathogenic changes in gene expression of major networks associated with epileptogenesis. Specifically targeting neuronal STAT3 may be an effective disease-modifying strategy for TLE. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:106-122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Tipton
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin Cruz Del Angel
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Hixson
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Carlsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Strode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael H. Mesches
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marco I. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shelley J. Russek
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy R. Brooks-Kayal
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Edelmann S, Wiegand A, Hentrich T, Pasche S, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Munk MHJ, Fallgatter AJ, Kreifelts B, Nieratschker V. Blood transcriptome analysis suggests an indirect molecular association of early life adversities and adult social anxiety disorder by immune-related signal transduction. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1125553. [PMID: 37181876 PMCID: PMC10168183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by severe fear in social situations and avoidance of these. Multiple genetic as well as environmental factors contribute to the etiopathology of SAD. One of the main risk factors for SAD is stress, especially during early periods of life (early life adversity; ELA). ELA leads to structural and regulatory alterations contributing to disease vulnerability. This includes the dysregulation of the immune response. However, the molecular link between ELA and the risk for SAD in adulthood remains largely unclear. Evidence is emerging that long-lasting changes of gene expression patterns play an important role in the biological mechanisms linking ELA and SAD. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptome study of SAD and ELA performing RNA sequencing in peripheral blood samples. Analyzing differential gene expression between individuals suffering from SAD with high or low levels of ELA and healthy individuals with high or low levels of ELA, 13 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with respect to SAD while no significant differences in expression were identified with respect to ELA. The most significantly expressed gene was MAPK3 (p = 0.003) being upregulated in the SAD group compared to control individuals. In contrary, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified only modules significantly associated with ELA (p ≤ 0.05), not with SAD. Furthermore, analyzing interaction networks of the genes from the ELA-associated modules and the SAD-related MAPK3 revealed complex interactions of those genes. Gene functional enrichment analyses indicate a role of signal transduction pathways as well as inflammatory responses supporting an involvement of the immune system in the association of ELA and SAD. In conclusion, we did not identify a direct molecular link between ELA and adult SAD by transcriptional changes. However, our data indicate an indirect association of ELA and SAD mediated by the interaction of genes involved in immune-related signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Edelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ariane Wiegand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Max Planck Fellow Group Precision Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hentrich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sarah Pasche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Maria Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Bai Z, Gao T, Zhang R, Lu Y, Tian J, Wang T, Zhao K, Wang H. Inhibition of IL-6 methylation by Saikosaponin C regulates neuroinflammation to alleviate depression. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110043. [PMID: 36965369 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Saikosaponin C (SSc) increases the expression of synaptic proteins and has a unexplored role in the prevention of AD and other neurodegeneration in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that SSc has the potential to relief of depressive symptoms. Here, our study assessed the role of SSc on depression-like behaviors caused by a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Behavioral tests were conducted to verify the efficacy of SSC in treating depression-like behavior in mice. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in brain tissue and BV2 cells were determined by ELISA. The effect of SSc on dendritic spine density was determined by Golgi staining. The percentage of monocytes in peripheral blood was measured using flow cytometry. The levels of STAT3 and DNMT1 under the influence of SSc were assessed by immunofluorescence. Protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, p-STAT3 and STAT3 in brain and BV2 cells was studied by Western blot. OE-DNMT1 was induced in the experiment to verify the inhibitory effect of DNMT1 on IL-6 methylation in SSC. Luciferase was used to detect SSC specific fragments affecting IL-6 methylation. RESULT SSC treatment significantly alleviated depressive-like behavior, inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, increased dendritic spine density and promoted synaptic plasticity in mice. SSC downregulated IL-6, STAT3 and DNMT1 expression in vivo and in vitro. SSC also decreased the percentage of monocytes in peripheral blood and suppressed neuroinflammation in mice. Overexpression of DNMT1 by shRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of SSc on IL-6 methylation. CONCLUSION This study showed that SSc reduced IL6 methylation by inhibiting DNMT1 protein, induced a decrease in IL6 expression, promoted synaptic plasticity, and attenuated CSDS-induced depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Tiantian Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Youyuan Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Ningxia Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Keke Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Ningxia Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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11
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Ma Z, Feng D, Rui W, Wang Z. Baicalin attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through regulating SIRT1/PARP1 signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2023; 441:114299. [PMID: 36642102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin (BA), a flavonoid glycoside extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to exert antidepressant effects. Emerging evidence indicates that neuronal apoptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is established as a key regulator of the cellular apoptosis. In the present study, we explored whether BA exerts antidepressant effects by regulating PARP1 signaling pathway and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. We found that administration of BA (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg) alleviated chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like behaviors by increasing sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test (SPT), improving activity status in open field test (OFT) and reducing rest time in tail suspension test (TST). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining showed that BA ameliorated CUMS-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Moreover, BA significantly upregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, downregulated pro-apoptotic protein Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 after CUMS in hippocampal of mice. Intriguingly, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed that the protein level of PARP1 was significantly increased in hippocampal tissue after CUMS, which was reversed by BA treatment. In primary hippocampal neurons (PHNs), BA abrogated the neuronal apoptosis caused by PARP1 overexpression. Meanwhile, BA significantly increased the protein level of SIRT1, SIRT1 inhibitor (EX-527) treatment reversed the effect of BA on reducing the protein level of PARP1 and neuronal apoptosis in CUMS-induced mice. Overall, our results indicated that BA attenuated the CUMS-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through regulating the SIRT1/PARP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dingding Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Rui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Jang M, Choi JH, Jang DS, Cho IH. Micrandilactone C, a Nortriterpenoid Isolated from Roots of Schisandra chinensis, Ameliorates Huntington's Disease by Inhibiting Microglial STAT3 Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050786. [PMID: 36899922 PMCID: PMC10000367 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor control system of the brain. Its pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategies have not been fully elucidated yet. The neuroprotective value of micrandilactone C (MC), a new schiartane nortriterpenoid isolated from the roots of Schisandra chinensis, is not well-known either. Here, the neuroprotective effects of MC were demonstrated in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-treated animal and cell culture models of HD. MC mitigated neurological scores and lethality following 3-NPA treatment, which is associated with decreases in the formation of a lesion area, neuronal death/apoptosis, microglial migration/activation, and mRNA or protein expression of inflammatory mediators in the striatum. MC also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the striatum and microglia after 3-NPA treatment. As expected, decreases in inflammation and STAT3-activation were reproduced in a conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells pretreated with MC. The conditioned medium blocked the reduction in NeuN expression and the enhancement of mutant huntingtin expression in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells. Taken together, MC might alleviate behavioral dysfunction, striatal degeneration, and immune response by inhibiting microglial STAT3 signaling in animal and cell culture models for HD. Thus, MC may be a potential therapeutic strategy for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (I.-H.C.)
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (I.-H.C.)
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13
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Yun JH, Lee DH, Jeong HS, Kim SH, Ye SK, Cho CH. STAT3 activation in microglia increases pericyte apoptosis in diabetic retinas through TNF-ɑ/AKT/p70S6 kinase signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:133-139. [PMID: 35561580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the vascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Pericyte loss is an early characteristic phenomenon in DR. However, the mechanism by which pericyte apoptosis occurs in DR is not fully understood. We have focused on the increased STAT3 activation in diabetic retinas because STAT3 activation is associated with inflammation, and persistent chronic inflammation is closely related to retinal lesions. In this study, we demonstrated that STAT3 was activated by IFN-γ and IL-6 that highly expressed in diabetic retinas. We identified TNF-α as a potent inducer of pericyte apoptosis in diabetic retinas from the gene expression analysis and found that STAT3 activation in microglia increased TNF-α expression in the diabetic retinas. We also demonstrated that increased TNF-α expression in microglia caused pericyte apoptosis through downregulating AKT/p70S6 kinase signaling. Moreover, we took advantage of mice lacking STAT3 in microglia and demonstrated that STAT3 ablation in microglia reduced the pericyte apoptosis and TNF-α expression in the diabetic retinas. These results suggest that STAT3 activation in microglia plays an important role in pericyte apoptosis in the diabetic retinas through increased TNF-α expression and provide STAT3 activation in microglia as a potential therapeutic target for preventing pericyte loss in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hyuk Yun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seok Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Qin G, Li Z. Effects of miR-124-3p Silencing on Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus of Depression Rats by Regulating STAT3 Gene. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3733656. [PMID: 35813421 PMCID: PMC9262509 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3733656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective A large amount of evidence shows that the abnormal expression of miRNA plays an important role in the development of depression. Therefore, we investigated the effect of miR-124-3p on neuronal damage in the hippocampus of depression rats. Methods The target genes of miR-124-3p were predicted by the database; the depression model was prepared by subcutaneous injection of corticosterone (CORT), and LV-miR-124-3p asponge lentiviral suspension was given to determine the weight of rats and open-field test, sugar preference experiment, Serum CORT, 5-HT, DA, and NE were measured, observe and record the behavior of rats, including behavior, diet, and hair. The expression of miR-124-3p, STAT3, Bcl-2, and Bax in rat hippocampus was measured. The rat hippocampal neuron cells were extracted and transfected with miR-124-3p inhibitor; the cells were cultured with CORT, and the cell survival rate was evaluated by MTT experiment, and the expressions of miR-124-3p, STAT3, Bcl-2, and Bax in the cells were detected. Luciferase reporter gene verifies the targeted regulation of miR-124-3p on STAT3. Results Compared with depression rats, silencing miR-124-3p increased the weight of the rats, increased the number of open-field activities, and significantly improved the general state and pathological state of the rats. The sugar water preference rate was significantly increased, the CORT content in the serum of rats decreased significantly, and the levels of 5-HT, DA, and NE increased significantly. After the treatment of silencing miR-124-3p, the expression level of miR-124-3p was decreased, while the STAT3 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased. And the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 were increased, and the Bax protein and mRNA expression were decreased. Cell experiments verified that silencing miR-124-3p increased cell survival, the expression level of miR-124-3p decreased remarkably, while the expression levels of STAT3 mRNA and protein increased significantly. Silencing miR-124-3p reversed the effects of CORT treatment on miR-124-3p and STAT3 in neuronal cells. The luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targets and regulates STAT3 expression. Conclusion Silencing miR-124-3p may protect hippocampal neurons from damage in depression rats by upregulating STAT3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Qin
- Department of Neurology, Shinan District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Second Department of Encephalopathy, Penglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
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Zhang MM, Guo MX, Zhang QP, Chen XQ, Li NZ, Liu Q, Cheng J, Wang SL, Xu GH, Li CF, Zhu JX, Yi LT. IL-1R/C3aR signaling regulates synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex of depression. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:90. [PMID: 35715851 PMCID: PMC9205119 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder is characterized by not only monoamine neurotransmitters deficiencies but also persistent neuroinflammation. The complement system is an attractive therapeutic target for various inflammation-related diseases due to its early activation in inflammatory processes. Results In the present study, the dynamic alteration of complement C3 and its receptor C3aR during the occurrence of depression and the mechanism of astrocyte-microglia IL-1R/C3/C3aR on synaptic pruning were investigated. The proteomic analysis firstly showed that chronic stress caused an elevation of C3. GO analysis indicated that complement system-mediated synaptic pruning signaling was involved in depression. The dynamic observation indicated that C3/C3aR was activated in the early onset and throughout the course of depression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic stress. In contrast, C3aR blockade inhibited the hyperactivation of microglial APT2/DHHC7 palmitoylation cycle, which mediated the translocation of STAT3 and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, C3aR blockade also attenuated the synaptic pruning and enhanced the synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Moreover, the blockade of IL-1R/NF-κB signaling pathway reduced the release of C3 from astrocyte. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that astrocyte-microglia IL-1R/C3/C3aR activation causes the abnormal synaptic pruning in depression, and suggests that the activation of complement C3/C3aR may be particularly helpful in predicting the onset stage of depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00832-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Xia Guo
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361009, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na-Zhi Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Le Wang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Xu
- Xiamen Medicine Research Institute, Xiamen, 361008, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361009, Fujian province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang MM, Huo GM, Cheng J, Zhang QP, Li NZ, Guo MX, Liu Q, Xu GH, Zhu JX, Li CF, Zhou F, Yi LT. Gypenoside XVII, an Active Ingredient from Gynostemma Pentaphyllum, Inhibits C3aR-Associated Synaptic Pruning in Stressed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122418. [PMID: 35745148 PMCID: PMC9228113 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a herbal medicine widely used in Asian countries, and its saponin extracts have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects. Gypenoside XVII, an active ingredient isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been found to alleviate the inflammation induced by LPS in the BV2 microglia, according to our preliminary study. This study aims to evaluate whether Gypenoside XVII could attenuate depression-like symptoms in vivo and tries to demonstrate the involvement of the complement regulation in its antidepressant-like effect. The results showed that Gypenoside XVII significantly attenuated depression-like behaviors in the forced swimming test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test. It also alleviated the acute stress-induced hyperactivity of serum corticosterone levels. Additionally, Gypenoside XVII significantly inhibited the activation of microglia and the expression of C3 in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Meanwhile, the activation of C3aR/STAT3 signaling and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was reversed by Gypenoside XVII. Moreover, CUMS induced excessive synaptic pruning by activating microglia, while Gypenoside XVII restored it in the prefrontal cortex. Our data demonstrated that Gypenoside XVII, the active ingredient of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, produced the antidepressant-like effects in mice, which was mediated by the inhibition of complement C3/C3aR/STAT3/cytokine signaling in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.-M.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guo-Ming Huo
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China;
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.-M.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, China; (Q.-P.Z.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Na-Zhi Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (N.-Z.L.); (M.-X.G.); (J.-X.Z.)
| | - Min-Xia Guo
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (N.-Z.L.); (M.-X.G.); (J.-X.Z.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.-M.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guang-Hui Xu
- Xiamen Medicine Research Institute, Xiamen 361008, China;
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (N.-Z.L.); (M.-X.G.); (J.-X.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, China; (Q.-P.Z.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (L.-T.Y.)
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (M.-M.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (L.-T.Y.)
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Park SW, Seo MK, Webster MJ, Lee JG, Kim S. Differential expression of gene co-expression networks related to the mTOR signaling pathway in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:184. [PMID: 35508467 PMCID: PMC9067344 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness characterized by episodes of depression and mania. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, we performed transcriptome studies using RNA-seq data from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with BPD and matched controls, as well as data from cell culture and animal model studies. We found 879 differentially expressed genes that were also replicated in an independent cohort of post-mortem samples. Genes involving the mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway were down-regulated, while genes interrelated with the mTOR pathway such as Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway were up-regulated. Gene co-expression network analyses identified a module related to the mTOR pathway that was up-regulated in BPD and also enriched for markers of endothelial cells. We also found a down-regulated co-expression module enriched for genes involved in mTOR signalling and in mTOR related pathways and enriched with neuronal markers. The mTOR related modules were also replicated in the independent cohort of samples. To investigate whether the expression of the modules related to mTOR signalling pathway could be differentially regulated in different cell types we performed comparative network analyses in experimental models. We found both up-regulated modules in the PFC significantly overlapped with an up-regulated module in the brain endothelial cells from mice treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and mTOR related pathways such as JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt and ribosome were enriched in the common genes. In addition, the down-regulated module in the PFC significantly overlapped with a down-regulated module from neurons treated with the mTOR inhibitor, Torin1 and mTOR signalling, autophagy, and synaptic vesicle cycles were significantly enriched in the common genes. These results suggest that co-expression networks related to mTOR signalling pathways may be up- or down-regulated in different cell types in the PFC of BPD. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea ,grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Maree J. Webster
- grid.453353.70000 0004 0473 2858Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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18
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Xian X, Cai LL, Li Y, Wang RC, Xu YH, Chen YJ, Xie YH, Zhu XL, Li YF. Neuron secrete exosomes containing miR-9-5p to promote polarization of M1 microglia in depression. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:122. [PMID: 35264203 PMCID: PMC8905830 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is an important component mechanism in the development of depression. Exosomal transfer of MDD-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) from neurons to microglia might exacerbate neuronal cell inflammatory injury. Results By sequence identification, we found significantly higher miR-9-5p expression levels in serum exosomes from MDD patients than healthy control (HC) subjects. Then, in cultured cell model, we observed that BV2 microglial cells internalized PC12 neuron cell-derived exosomes while successfully transferring miR-9-5p. MiR-9-5p promoted M1 polarization in microglia and led to over releasing of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which exacerbated neurological damage. Furthermore, we identified suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) as a direct target of miR-9-5p. Overexpression of miR-9-5p suppressed SOCS2 expression and reactivated SOCS2-repressed Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways. Consistently, we confirmed that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of miR-9-5p polarized microglia toward the M1 phenotype and exacerbated depressive symptoms in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse mode. Conclusion MiR-9-5p was transferred from neurons to microglia in an exosomal way, leading to M1 polarization of microglia and further neuronal injury. The expression and secretion of miR-9-5p might be novel therapeutic targets for MDD. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01332-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xian
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Li Cai
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran-Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 20, Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue-Feng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 20, Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Hu S, Luo L, Zeng L. Tea combats circadian rhythm disorder syndrome via the gut-liver-brain axis: potential mechanisms speculated. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7126-7147. [PMID: 35187990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an intrinsic mechanism developed by organisms to adapt to external environmental signals. Nowadays, owing to the job and after-work entertainment, staying up late - Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are common. CRD is linked to the development of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastroenteritis, which affecting the body's metabolic and inflammatory responses via multi-organ crosstalk (gut-liver-brain axis, etc.). However, studies on the mechanisms of multi-organ interactions by CRD are still weak. Current studies on therapeutic agents for CRD remain inadequate, and phytochemicals have been shown to alleviate CRD-induced syndromes that may be used for CRD-therapy in the future. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, reduces glucolipid metabolism and inflammation. But it is immature and unclear in the mechanisms of alleviation of CRD-mediated syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the threat of CRD to hosts and their offspring' health from the perspective of the "gut-liver-brain" axis. The potential mechanisms of tea in alleviating CRD were further explored. It might be by interfering with bile acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptors, with FXR, AHR, and GPCR as potential targets. We hope to provide new perspectives on the role of tea in the prevention and mitigation of CRD.HighlightsThe review highlights the health challenges of CRD via the gut-liver-brain axis.CRD research should focus on the health effects on healthy models and its offspring.Tea may prevent CRD by regulating bile acid, tryptophan, and GPCR.Potential targets for tea prevention and mitigation of CRD include FXR, AHR and GPCR.A comprehensive assessment mechanism for tea in improving CRD should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Yun JH, Lee DH, Jeong HS, Kim HS, Ye SK, Cho CH. STAT3 activation in microglia exacerbates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in diabetic brains. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7058-7070. [PMID: 33754353 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by hyperglycemia leads to a variety of complications, including cognitive impairment or memory loss. The hippocampus is a key brain area for learning and memory and is one of the regions that is most sensitive to diabetes. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuronal lesion is not yet completely understood. We focused on the association of microglia activation and brain lesions in diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether and how signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in microglia affects neuronal lesions in diabetic brains. Using a streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM model, we showed enhanced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis that was associated with increased STAT3 activation. We found that hyperglycemia increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6, in the diabetic hippocampus. In particular, IFN-γ induced autocrine activation of microglia, and STAT3 activation is important for this process. We also demonstrated that STAT3 activation in microglia increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression; subsequently, TNF-α increased neuronal apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the neuronal cells. We also took advantage of mice lacking STAT3 in microglia and demonstrated that depletion of microglial STAT3 reduced neuronal apoptosis in the diabetic hippocampus. Taken together, these results suggest that STAT3 activation in microglia plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced neuronal apoptosis in the diabetic hippocampus and provide a potential therapeutic benefit of STAT3 inhibition in microglia for preventing diabetic neuronal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hyuk Yun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seok Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang G, Luo P, Zhang S, Huang Q, Zhang S, Zeng Q, Mao J. Screening and Identification of Antidepressant Active Ingredients from Puerariae Radix Extract and Study on Its Mechanism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2230195. [PMID: 34539968 PMCID: PMC8445728 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2230195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Depression is a common mental disease with long course and high recurrence rate. Previous studies showed that Puerariae Radix and its extracts have powerful antidepressant effects in recent years. The study proposed an integrated strategy, combining network pharmacology and molecular pharmacology experiment to investigate the mechanisms of the antidepressant active ingredients from Puerariae Radix. Methods. TCMSP database, GeneCards database, Venny 2.1, UniProt database, STRING database, Cytoscape 3.7.2, and Metascape database were used to screen the active chemical components, antidepressant-related genes, and core targets, convert the abbreviated gene names in batch, search and predict the interaction between proteins, and construct the PPI network of Puerariae Radix. KEGG pathway and GO biological process enrichment and biological annotation were used to select antidepressant core gene targets. The MTT method was used to detect the effect of puerarin on the damage of PC12 cells induced by corticosterone. The DCFH-DA probe and ROS assay kit were utilized to detect the production of ROS in PC12 cells. PI/Annexin V was used to detect the apoptotic rate of puerarin on PC12 cells. Western blotting was used to verify the regulation of puerarin on the key targets of AKT1, FOS, CASP3, STAT3, and TNF-α in PC12 cells. Results and Conclusion. Eight main active components, 64 potential antidepressant gene targets, and 15 core antidepressant gene targets were obtained. 35 signaling pathways and 52 biological processes related to antidepressant effect of Puerariae Radix were identified. Puerarin was the active ingredient derived from Puerariae Radix which exhibited the antidepression effect by improving the viability of cell, reducing cell apoptosis, regulating ROS production, increasing protein expressions of AKT1 and FOS, and reducing protein expressions of CASP3, STAT3, and TNF-α. The study revealed the pharmacodynamic material basis and possible antidepressant mechanism of Puerariae Radix and provided new theoretical basis and ideas for antidepressant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoze Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Qun Huang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qibing Zeng
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingxin Mao
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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22
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Karimollah A, Hemmatpur A, Vahid T. Revisiting bupropion anti-inflammatory action: involvement of the TLR2/TLR4 and JAK2/STAT3. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1101-1109. [PMID: 34218389 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There are accumulating reports regarding poor response to common antidepressant therapy. Antidepressant resistance is often linked to inflammatory system activation and patients displaying inflammation prior to the treatment are less responsive to antidepressants. We hypothesized that the inefficacy of antidepressant therapy in some patients may be attributable to the drugs' inflammatory mode of action, which has been overlooked because of their substantial therapeutic benefit. Bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant that is often used to treat seasonal affective disorders as well. Nevertheless, research suggests that bupropion causes inflammation and worsens depressive symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the impact of bupropion on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity, as well as immune signaling pathways. We treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with different doses of bupropion. Pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-17, and IL-10] were assessed at both transcriptional and translational levels as well as the involvement of JAK2 /STAT3, TLR2, and TLR4 signaling in this process. Bupropion reduced IL-17A, TNFα, and IL-1β protein levels in the cultures. Nonetheless, bupropion increased IL-1β (P < 0.0001), TNFα (P < 0.0001), and IL-17A (P < 0.05) mRNA levels. Treatment enhanced both IL-10 concentration (P < 0.0001) and gene expression (P < 0.0001). TLR2 (P < 0.0001), TLR4 (P < 0.0001), JAK2 (P < 0.0001), and STAT3 (P < 0.0001) gene expression also rose in response to bupropion. The findings imply that bupropion, particularly 50 μM and 100 μM, has pro-inflammatory effects and should be co-administered with anti-inflammatory medications, at least in patients with inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimollah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shohaday-e-Gomnam Blvd., Alem Sq., Yazd, Iran.
| | - Anahid Hemmatpur
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shohaday-e-Gomnam Blvd., Alem Sq., Yazd, Iran
| | - Taha Vahid
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shohaday-e-Gomnam Blvd., Alem Sq., Yazd, Iran
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23
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Transcriptomics identifies STAT3 as a key regulator of hippocampal gene expression and anhedonia during withdrawal from chronic alcohol exposure. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:298. [PMID: 34016951 PMCID: PMC8170676 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly comorbid with depression. Withdrawal from chronic alcohol drinking results in depression and understanding brain molecular mechanisms that drive withdrawal-related depression is important for finding new drug targets to treat these comorbid conditions. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of the rat hippocampus during withdrawal from chronic alcohol drinking to discover key signaling pathways involved in alcohol withdrawal-related depressive-like behavior. Data were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify several modules of co-expressed genes that could have a common underlying regulatory mechanism. One of the hub, or highly interconnected, genes in module 1 that increased during alcohol withdrawal was the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), a known regulator of immune gene expression. Total and phosphorylated (p)STAT3 protein levels were also increased in the hippocampus during withdrawal after chronic alcohol exposure. Further, pSTAT3 binding was enriched at the module 1 genes Gfap, Tnfrsf1a, and Socs3 during alcohol withdrawal. Notably, pSTAT3 and its target genes were elevated in the postmortem hippocampus of human subjects with AUD when compared with control subjects. To determine the behavioral relevance of STAT3 activation during alcohol withdrawal, we treated rats with the STAT3 inhibitor stattic and tested for sucrose preference as a measure of anhedonia. STAT3 inhibition alleviated alcohol withdrawal-induced anhedonia. These results demonstrate activation of STAT3 signaling in the hippocampus during alcohol withdrawal in rats and in human AUD subjects, and suggest that STAT3 could be a therapeutic target for reducing comorbid AUD and depression.
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24
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Yin N, Yan E, Duan W, Mao C, Fei Q, Yang C, Hu Y, Xu X. The role of microglia in chronic pain and depression: innocent bystander or culprit? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:949-958. [PMID: 33544194 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that chronic pain and depression often accompany each other, but the underlying pathogenesis of comorbid chronic pain and depression remains mostly undetermined. Biotechnology is gradually revealing the phenotype and function of microglia, with great progress regarding microglia's role in neurodegeneration, depression, chronic pain, and other conditions. This article summarizes the role of microglia in chronic pain, depression, and comorbidities, which is conducive to finding new targets to treat chronic pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Enshi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenbin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Changyuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qin Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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25
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Ma ZX, Zhang RY, Rui WJ, Wang ZQ, Feng X. Quercetin alleviates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis via FoxG1/CREB/ BDNF signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113245. [PMID: 33745981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to exert antidepressant effects, however, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Recent studies have demonstrated that Forkhead box transcription factor G1 (FoxG1) regulates the process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and exerts neuroprotective effects. In this study, we explored whether quercetin plays an anti-depressant role via regulation of FoxG1 signaling in mice and revealed the potential mechanisms. To explore the antidepressant effects of quercetin, mice were subjected to behavioral tests after a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exposure. We found that chronic quercetin treatment (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) obviously restored the weight loss of mice caused by CUMS and alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors, such as increased sucrose consumption, improved locomotor activity and shorten immobility time. In addition, to clarify the relationship between quercetin and AHN, we detected neurogenesis markers in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Furthermore, FoxG1-siRNA was employed and then stimulated with quercetin to further investigate the mechanism by which FoxG1 participates in the antidepressant effects of quercetin. Our results indicate that chronic quercetin treatment dramatically increased the number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive and BrdU/NeuN-double positive cells. Besides, the expression levels of FoxG1, p-CREB and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also enhanced by quercetin in the DG. Strikingly, quercetin failed to reverse the levels of p-CREB and BDNF after FoxG1-siRNA was performed in SH-SY5Y cells and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs). Our results thus far suggest that quercetin might exert antidepressant effects via promotion of AHN by FoxG1/CREB/ BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wen-Juan Rui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Han JK, Kwon SH, Kim YG, Choi J, Kim JI, Lee YS, Ye SK, Kim SJ. Ablation of STAT3 in Purkinje cells reorganizes cerebellar synaptic plasticity in long-term fear memory network. eLife 2021; 10:63291. [PMID: 33459594 PMCID: PMC7813544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional memory processing engages a large neuronal network of brain regions including the cerebellum. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the cerebellar cortex modulating the fear memory network are unclear. Here, we illustrate that synaptic signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) via STAT3 regulates long-term fear memory. Transcriptome analyses revealed that PC-specific STAT3 knockout (STAT3PKO) results in transcriptional changes that lead to an increase in the expression of glutamate receptors. The amplitude of AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents at parallel fiber (PF) to PC synapses was larger in STAT3PKO mice than in wild-type (WT) littermates. Fear conditioning induced long-term depression of PF–PC synapses in STAT3PKO mice while the same manipulation induced long-term potentiation in WT littermates. STAT3PKO mice showed an aberrantly enhanced long-term fear memory. Neuronal activity in fear-related regions increased in fear-conditioned STAT3PKO mice. Our data suggest that STAT3-dependent molecular regulation in PCs is indispensable for proper expression of fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kyu Han
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Memory Network Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Kwon
- Memory Network Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Memory Network Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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STAT3 in the dorsal raphe gates behavioural reactivity and regulates gene networks associated with psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2886-2899. [PMID: 33046834 PMCID: PMC8505245 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway is activated through phosphorylation by Janus kinases in response to a diverse set of immunogenic and non-immunogenic triggers. Several distinct lines of evidence propose an intricate involvement of STAT3 in neural function relevant to behaviour in health and disease. However, in part due to the pleiotropic effects resulting from its DNA binding activity and the consequent regulation of expression of a variety of genes with context-dependent cellular consequences, the precise nature of STAT3 involvement in the neural mechanisms underlying psychopathology remains incompletely understood. Here, we focused on the midbrain serotonergic system, a central hub for the regulation of emotions, to examine the relevance of STAT3 signalling for emotional behaviour in mice by selectively knocking down raphe STAT3 expression using germline genetic (STAT3 KO) and viral-mediated approaches. Mice lacking serotonergic STAT3 presented with reduced negative behavioural reactivity and a blunted response to the sensitising effects of amphetamine, alongside alterations in midbrain neuronal firing activity of serotonergic neurons and transcriptional control of gene networks relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders. Viral knockdown of dorsal raphe (DR) STAT3 phenocopied the behavioural alterations of STAT3 KO mice, excluding a developmentally determined effect and suggesting that disruption of STAT3 signalling in the DR of adult mice is sufficient for the manifestation of behavioural traits relevant to psychopathology. Collectively, these results suggest DR STAT3 as a molecular gate for the control of behavioural reactivity, constituting a mechanistic link between the upstream activators of STAT3, serotonergic neurotransmission and psychopathology.
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28
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Lago SG, Tomasik J, van Rees GF, Ramsey JM, Haenisch F, Cooper JD, Broek JA, Suarez-Pinilla P, Ruland T, Auyeug B, Mikova O, Kabacs N, Arolt V, Baron-Cohen S, Crespo-Facorro B, Bahn S. Exploring the neuropsychiatric spectrum using high-content functional analysis of single-cell signaling networks. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2355-2372. [PMID: 30038233 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders overlap in symptoms and share genetic risk factors, challenging their current classification into distinct diagnostic categories. Novel cross-disorder approaches are needed to improve our understanding of the heterogeneous nature of neuropsychiatric diseases and overcome existing bottlenecks in their diagnosis and treatment. Here we employ high-content multi-parameter phospho-specific flow cytometry, fluorescent cell barcoding and automated sample preparation to characterize ex vivo signaling network responses (n = 1764) measured at the single-cell level in B and T lymphocytes across patients diagnosed with four major neuropsychiatric disorders: autism spectrum condition (ASC), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 25 each), alongside matched healthy controls (n = 100). We identified 25 nodes (individual cell subtype-epitope-ligand combinations) significantly altered relative to the control group, with variable overlap between different neuropsychiatric diseases and heterogeneously expressed at the level of each individual patient. Reconstruction of the diagnostic categories from the altered nodes revealed an overlapping neuropsychiatric spectrum extending from MDD on one end, through BD and SCZ, to ASC on the other end. Network analysis showed that although the pathway structure of the epitopes was broadly preserved across the clinical groups, there were multiple discrete alterations in network connectivity, such as disconnections within the antigen/integrin receptor pathway and increased negative regulation within the Akt1 pathway in CD4+ T cells from ASC and SCZ patients, in addition to increased correlation of Stat1 (pY701) and Stat5 (pY694) responses in B cells from BD and MDD patients. Our results support the "dimensional" approach to neuropsychiatric disease classification and suggest potential novel drug targets along the neuropsychiatric spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G Lago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geertje F van Rees
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jordan M Ramsey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frieder Haenisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jantine A Broek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Suarez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie Auyeug
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Psychology Department, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK
| | - Olya Mikova
- Foundation Biological Psychiatry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolett Kabacs
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,CLASS Clinic, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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Sex-specific effects of developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on neuroimmune and dopaminergic endpoints in adolescent rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 79:106880. [PMID: 32259577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants early in life can have long lasting consequences for physiological function. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of ubiquitous contaminants that perturb endocrine signaling and have been associated with altered immune function in children. In this study, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to PCBs on neuroimmune responses to an inflammatory challenge during adolescence. Sprague Dawley rat dams were exposed to a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1:1:1, 20 μg/kg/day) or oil control throughout pregnancy, and adolescent male and female offspring were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg, ip) or saline control prior to euthanasia. Gene expression profiling was conducted in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain. In the hypothalamus, PCBs increased expression of genes involved in neuroimmune function, including those within the nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) complex, independent of LPS challenge. PCB exposure also increased expression of receptors for dopamine, serotonin, and estrogen in this region. In contrast, in the prefrontal cortex, PCB exposure blunted or induced irregular neuroimmune gene expression responses to LPS challenge. Moreover, neither PCB nor LPS exposure altered expression of neurotransmitter receptors throughout the mesocorticolimbic circuit. Almost all effects were present in males but not females, in agreement with the idea that male neuroimmune cells are more sensitive to perturbation and emphasizing the importance of studying both male and female subjects. Given that altered neuroimmune signaling has been implicated in mental health and substance abuse disorders that often begin during adolescence, these results highlight neuroimmune processes as another mechanism by which early life PCBs can alter brain function later in life.
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Li X, Qiu W, Li N, Da X, Ma Q, Hou Y, Wang T, Song M, Chen J. Susceptibility to Hyperglycemia in Rats With Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior: Involvement of IL-6 Mediated Glucose Homeostasis Signaling. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:557. [PMID: 32655424 PMCID: PMC7324635 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder comorbid with diabetes and may lead to high morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism behind their association remains unknown. Cytokine-mediated inflammation in brain may play important roles in the pathogenesis of depression and insulin resistance. In the present study, we subjected the rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 3 to 8 weeks. The tests to ascertain depression-like behaviors including open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed, and levels of morning fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body weight, food intake, histopathological examinations of liver, adipose tissues and hypothalamus, hypothalamic GLUT4 as well as the IL-6-mediated glucose homeostasis signaling pathway were measured. The results showed that CUMS exposure resulted in the depression-like behavior at various time points in rats. Moreover, the rats exhibited increased peripheral glucose levels, impaired hepatocytes and hippocampal neurons, and decreased hypothalamic GLUT4 levels after 6 weeks of CUMS exposure. Meanwhile, activated IL-6 but suppressed IL-6-mediated glucose homeostasis signaling was observed in the hypothalamus. Markers of lipid metabolism including TG, CHOL, HDL-C and LDL-C were dysregulated, and body weight and food intake were decreased in the CUMS-exposed rats. Our results show that depressed rats induced by 6-week CUMS stimulation display susceptibility to hyperglycemia, which is associated with IL-6-mediated inhibition of glucose homeostasis signaling in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Da
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingye Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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31
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Liu X, Jiao K, Jia CC, Li GX, Yuan Q, Xu JK, Hou Y, Wang B. BAP31 regulates IRAK1-dependent neuroinflammation in microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:281. [PMID: 31883536 PMCID: PMC6935200 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the mononuclear immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. BAP31, a resident and ubiquitously expressed protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, serves as a sorting factor for its client proteins, mediating the subsequent export, retention, and degradation or survival. Recently, BAP31 has been defined as a regulatory molecule in the CNS, but the function of BAP31 in microglia has yet to be determined. In the present study, we investigated whether BAP31 is involved in the inflammatory response of microglia. METHODS This study used the BV2 cell line and BAP31 conditional knockdown mice generated via the Cre/LoxP system. A BAP31 knockdown experiment was performed to elucidate the role of BAP31 in the endogenous inflammatory cytokine production by microglial BV2 cells. A mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of BAP31 against neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits. Behavioral alterations were assessed with the open field test (OFT), Y maze, and Morris water maze. The activation of microglia in the hippocampus of mice was observed by immunohistochemistry. Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining, and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to clarify the mechanisms. RESULTS BAP31 deficiency upregulates LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells and mice by upregulating the protein level of IRAK1, which in turn increases the translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65 and c-Jun, and moreover, knockdown of IRAK1 or use of an IRAK1 inhibitor reverses these functions. In the cognitive impairment animal model, the BAP31 knockdown mice displayed increased severity in memory deficiency accompanied by an increased expression of proinflammatory factors in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BAP31 may modulate inflammatory cytokines and cognitive impairment induced by neuroinflammation through IRAK1, which demonstrates that BAP31 plays an essential role in microglial inflammation and prevention of memory deficits caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Jiao
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Jia
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xun Li
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yuan
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Xu
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Lou D, Wang J, Wang X. miR-124 ameliorates depressive-like behavior by targeting STAT3 to regulate microglial activation. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 48:101470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Zhang L, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Ketamine and Active Ketamine Metabolites Regulate STAT3 and the Type I Interferon Pathway in Human Microglia: Molecular Mechanisms Linked to the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1302. [PMID: 31827434 PMCID: PMC6848891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important biological process which contributes to risk for depression, in part as a result of the production of proinflammatory cytokines and of alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Ketamine has anti-inflammatory properties which might contribute to its antidepressant effects. This study was designed to clarify mechanisms of action for ketamine and its active metabolites, (2R,6R;2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which also appear to play a major role in ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects. An HMC3 human microglial cell line was used as a model system to test a possible role for ketamine in immune response regulation that might contribute to its antidepressant effects. Our results highlight the fact that ketamine and its two active metabolites can regulate the type I interferon pathway mediated, at least partially, through signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) which plays a major role in the immune response. Specifically, STAT3 downstream genes that were modulated by either ketamine or its active metabolites were enriched in the "response to type I interferon" pathway. Our data also suggest that STAT3 might play a role in ketamine's antidepressant effects, mediated, at least in part, through eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2), resulting in the augmentation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) expression and promoting the synthesis of synaptic proteins postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin I (SYN1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Ham HJ, Han SB, Yun J, Yeo IJ, Ham YW, Kim SH, Park PH, Choi DY, Hong JT. Bee venom phospholipase A2 ameliorates amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway in Tg2576 mice. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:26. [PMID: 31592103 PMCID: PMC6774221 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) play a significant role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our previous study demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a major role in neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. Methods In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) on memory deficiency in Tg2576 mice, which demonstrate genetic characteristics of AD and the mechanism of its action at the cellular and animal level. For in vivo study, we examined the effect of bvPLA2 on improving memory by conducting several behavioral tests with the administration of bvPLA2 (1 mg/kg) to Tg2576 mice. For in vitro study, we examined the effect of bvPLA2 on amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation by treating bvPLA2 on LPS-activated BV2 cells. Results We found that bvPLA2 alleviated memory impairment in Tg2576 mice, as demonstrated in the behavioral tests assessing memory. In the bvPLA2-treated group, Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP), and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) levels and β-secretase activity were significantly decreased. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related proteins decreased in the brain of bvPLA2-treated group, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines increased. In addition, bvPLA2 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in the brains of the bvPLA2-treated group. At the cellular level, bvPLA2 inhibits production of nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation-related proteins including p-STAT3. Additionally, bvPLA2 inhibits the production of Aβ in cultured BV-2 cells. Results from the docking experiment, pull-down assay, and the luciferase assay show that bvPLA2 directly binds STAT3 and, thus, regulates gene expression levels. Moreover, when the STAT3 inhibitor and bvPLA2 were administered together, the anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory effects were further enhanced than when they were administered alone. Conclusion These results suggest that bvPLA2 could restore memory by inhibiting the accumulation of Aβ and inflammatory responses via blockage of STAT3 activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-019-0167-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Joo Ham
- 1College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- 1College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- 1College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- 1College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- 2Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, 800 W University Pkwy, Orem, UT 84058 USA
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- INISTst Co., LTD, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, 16827 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- 4College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Road, Gyeonsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- 4College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Road, Gyeonsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 1College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
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Modulation of LPA1 receptor-mediated neuronal apoptosis by Saikosaponin-d: A target involved in depression. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:150-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fumagalli M, Lombardi M, Gressens P, Verderio C. How to reprogram microglia toward beneficial functions. Glia 2018; 66:2531-2549. [PMID: 30195261 PMCID: PMC6585737 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, brain cells of nonneural origin, orchestrate the inflammatory response to diverse insults, including hypoxia/ischemia or maternal/fetal infection in the perinatal brain. Experimental studies have demonstrated the capacity of microglia to recognize pathogens or damaged cells activating a cytotoxic response that can exacerbate brain damage. However, microglia display an enormous plasticity in their responses to injury and may also promote resolution stages of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Despite the critical role of microglia in brain pathologies, the cellular mechanisms that govern the diverse phenotypes of microglia are just beginning to be defined. Here we review emerging strategies to drive microglia toward beneficial functions, selectively reporting the studies which provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic switch. A variety of approaches have been proposed which rely on microglia treatment with pharmacological agents, cytokines, lipid messengers, or microRNAs, as well on nutritional approaches or therapies with immunomodulatory cells. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms relevant for microglia reprogramming toward pro‐regenerative functions points to a central role of energy metabolism in shaping microglial functions. Manipulation of metabolic pathways may thus provide new therapeutic opportunities to prevent the deleterious effects of inflammatory microglia and to control excessive inflammation in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9 -20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1141 Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Health and Imaging, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Verderio
- IRCCS Humanitas, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Ferro A, Qu W, Lukowicz A, Svedberg D, Johnson A, Cvetanovic M. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling in IKKβF/F;LysM Cre mice causes motor deficits but does not alter pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200013. [PMID: 29975753 PMCID: PMC6033432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal neurodegenerative genetic disease that is characterized by pronounced neuronal loss and gliosis in the cerebellum. We have previously demonstrated microglial activation, measured as an increase in microglial density in cerebellar cortex and an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), in the cerebellum of the ATXN1[82Q] transgenic mouse model of SCA1. To examine the role of activated state of microglia in SCA1, we used a Cre-Lox approach with IKKβF/F;LysM Cre mice intended to reduce inflammatory NF-κB signaling, selectively in microglia. ATXN1[82Q];IKKβF/F;LysM Cre mice showed reduced cerebellar microglial density and production of TNFα compared to ATXN1[82Q] mice, yet reducing NF-κB did not ameliorate motor impairments and cerebellar cellular pathologies. Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, control IKKβF/F;LysM Cre mice showed motor deficits equal to ATXN1[82Q] mice that were dissociated from any obvious neurodegenerative changes in the cerebellum, but were rather associated with a developmental impairment that presented as a retention of climbing fiber synaptic terminals on the soma of Purkinje neurons. These results indicate that NF-κB signaling is required for increase in microglial numbers and TNF-α production in the cerebella of ATXN1[82Q] mouse model of SCA1. Furthermore, these results elucidate a novel role of canonical NF-κB signaling in pruning of surplus synapses on Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Ferro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wenhui Qu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Abigail Lukowicz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrea Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Brain STAT5 signaling modulates learning and memory formation. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2229-2241. [PMID: 29460051 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a transcription factor recruited by numerous cytokines. STAT5 is important for several physiological functions, including body and tissue growth, mammary gland development, immune system and lipid metabolism. However, the role of STAT5 signaling for brain functions is still poorly investigated, especially regarding cognitive aspects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether brain STAT5 signaling modulates learning and memory formation. For this purpose, brain-specific STAT5 knockout (STAT5 KO) mice were studied in well-established memory tests. Initially, we confirmed a robust reduction in STAT5a and STAT5b mRNA levels in different brain structures of STAT5 KO mice. STAT5 KO mice showed no significant alterations in metabolism, growth, somatotropic axis and spontaneous locomotor activity. In contrast, brain-specific STAT5 ablation impaired learning and memory formation in the novel object recognition, Barnes maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. To unravel possible mechanisms that might underlie the memory deficits of STAT5 KO mice, we assessed neurogenesis in the hippocampus, but no significant differences were observed between groups. On the other hand, reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression was found in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of STAT5 KO mice. These findings collectively indicate that brain STAT5 signaling is required to attain normal learning and memory. Therefore, STAT5 is an important downstream cellular mechanism shared by several cytokines to regulate cognitive functions.
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Evidence of microglial activation following exposure to serum from first-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:364-373. [PMID: 28988033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of brain microglial cells is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Previously the pathophysiology of microglial activation was considered to be intrinsic to the central nervous system. We hypothesised that due to their perivascular localization, microglia can also be activated by factors present in circulating blood. Through application of high-content functional screening, we show that peripheral blood serum from first-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia patients is sufficient to provoke microglial cell signalling network responses in vitro which are indicative of proinflammatory activation. We further explore the composition of the serum for the presence of analytes, with the potential to activate microglia, and the utility of the resultant microglial cellular phenotype for novel drug discovery.
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