1
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Bock F, Dong X, Li S, Viquez OM, Sha E, Tantengco M, Hennen EM, Plosa E, Ramezani A, Brown KL, Whang YM, Terker AS, Arroyo JP, Harrison DG, Fogo A, Brakebusch CH, Pozzi A, Zent R. Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct repair by mechanically coupling cell morphology to mitotic entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7840. [PMID: 38324689 PMCID: PMC10849615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged obstruction of the ureter, which leads to injury of the kidney collecting ducts, results in permanent structural damage, while early reversal allows for repair. Cell structure is defined by the actin cytoskeleton, which is dynamically organized by small Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). In this study, we identified the Rho GTPase, Rac1, as a driver of postobstructive kidney collecting duct repair. After the relief of ureteric obstruction, Rac1 promoted actin cytoskeletal reconstitution, which was required to maintain normal mitotic morphology allowing for successful cell division. Mechanistically, Rac1 restricted excessive actomyosin activity that stabilized the negative mitotic entry kinase Wee1. This mechanism ensured mechanical G2-M checkpoint stability and prevented premature mitotic entry. The repair defects following injury could be rescued by direct myosin inhibition. Thus, Rac1-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton integrates with the cell cycle to mediate kidney tubular repair by preventing dysmorphic cells from entering cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shensen Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Sha
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Tantengco
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hennen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alireza Ramezani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kyle L. Brown
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Hall ET, Dillard ME, Cleverdon ER, Zhang Y, Daly CA, Ansari SS, Wakefield R, Stewart DP, Pruett-Miller SM, Lavado A, Carisey AF, Johnson A, Wang YD, Selner E, Tanes M, Ryu YS, Robinson CG, Steinberg J, Ogden SK. Cytoneme signaling provides essential contributions to mammalian tissue patterning. Cell 2024; 187:276-293.e23. [PMID: 38171360 PMCID: PMC10842732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
During development, morphogens pattern tissues by instructing cell fate across long distances. Directly visualizing morphogen transport in situ has been inaccessible, so the molecular mechanisms ensuring successful morphogen delivery remain unclear. To tackle this longstanding problem, we developed a mouse model for compromised sonic hedgehog (SHH) morphogen delivery and discovered that endocytic recycling promotes SHH loading into signaling filopodia called cytonemes. We optimized methods to preserve in vivo cytonemes for advanced microscopy and show endogenous SHH localized to cytonemes in developing mouse neural tubes. Depletion of SHH from neural tube cytonemes alters neuronal cell fates and compromises neurodevelopment. Mutation of the filopodial motor myosin 10 (MYO10) reduces cytoneme length and density, which corrupts neuronal signaling activity of both SHH and WNT. Combined, these results demonstrate that cytoneme-based signal transport provides essential contributions to morphogen dispersion during mammalian tissue development and suggest MYO10 is a key regulator of cytoneme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christina A Daly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shariq S Ansari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Randall Wakefield
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel P Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alfonso Lavado
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alex F Carisey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Emma Selner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Tanes
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Young Sang Ryu
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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3
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Kyun ML, Park T, Jung H, Kim I, Kwon JI, Jeong SY, Choi M, Park D, Lee YB, Moon KS. Development of an In Vitro Model for Inflammation Mediated Renal Toxicity Using 3D Renal Tubules and Co-Cultured Human Immune Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:1173-1190. [PMID: 37843784 PMCID: PMC10645777 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of various infectious diseases and the toxic effects of hyperinflammation by biotherapeutics have highlighted the need for in vitro preclinical models mimicking the human immune system. In vitro models studying the relationship between hyperinflammation and acute renal injury mainly rely on 2D culture systems, which have shown limitations in recapitulating kidney function. Herein, we developed an in vitro kidney toxicity model by co-culturing 3D engineered kidney proximal tubules cells (RPTEC/TERT1) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS RPTEC/TERT1 were sandwich cultured to form 3D renal tubules for 16 days. The tubules were then co-cultured with PBMC using transwell (0.4 μm pores) for 24 h. Hyperinflammation of PBMC was induced during co-culture using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the effects of the induced hyperinflammation on the renal tubules. RESULTS Encapsulated RPTEC/TERT1 cells in Matrigel exhibited elevated renal function markers compared to 2D culture. The coexistence of PBMC and polyI:C induced a strong inflammatory response in the kidney cells. This hyperinflammation significantly reduced primary cilia formation and upregulated kidney injury markers along the 3D tubules. Similarly, treating co-cultured PBMC with LPS to induce hyperinflammation resulted in comparable inflammatory responses and potential kidney injury. CONCLUSION The model demonstrated similar changes in kidney injury markers following polyI:C and LPS treatment, indicating its suitability for detecting immune-associated kidney damage resulting from infections and biopharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lang Kyun
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamina Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jung
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Kwon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjin Choi
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Gerhards J, Maerz LD, Matthees ESF, Donow C, Moepps B, Premont RT, Burkhalter MD, Hoffmann C, Philipp M. Kinase Activity Is Not Required for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Restraining mTOR Signaling during Cilia and Kidney Development. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:590-606. [PMID: 36810260 PMCID: PMC10103308 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) regulates renal sodium and water reabsorption. Although GRK4 variants with elevated kinase activity have been associated with salt-sensitive or essential hypertension, this association has been inconsistent among different study populations. In addition, studies elucidating how GRK4 may modulate cellular signaling are sparse. In an analysis of how GRK4 affects the developing kidney, the authors found that GRK4 modulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Loss of GRK4 in embryonic zebrafish causes kidney dysfunction and glomerular cysts. Moreover, GRK4 depletion in zebrafish and cellular mammalian models results in elongated cilia. Rescue experiments suggest that hypertension in carriers of GRK4 variants may not be explained solely by kinase hyperactivity; instead, elevated mTOR signaling may be the underlying cause. BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) is considered a central regulator of blood pressure through phosphorylation of renal dopaminergic receptors and subsequent modulation of sodium excretion. Several nonsynonymous genetic variants of GRK4 have been only partially linked to hypertension, although these variants demonstrate elevated kinase activity. However, some evidence suggests that function of GRK4 variants may involve more than regulation of dopaminergic receptors alone. Little is known about the effects of GRK4 on cellular signaling, and it is also unclear whether or how altered GRK4 function might affect kidney development. METHODS To better understand the effect of GRK4 variants on the functionality of GRK4 and GRK4's actions in cellular signaling during kidney development, we studied zebrafish, human cells, and a murine kidney spheroid model. RESULTS Zebrafish depleted of Grk4 develop impaired glomerular filtration, generalized edema, glomerular cysts, pronephric dilatation, and expansion of kidney cilia. In human fibroblasts and in a kidney spheroid model, GRK4 knockdown produced elongated primary cilia. Reconstitution with human wild-type GRK4 partially rescues these phenotypes. We found that kinase activity is dispensable because kinase-dead GRK4 (altered GRK4 that cannot result in phosphorylation of the targeted protein) prevented cyst formation and restored normal ciliogenesis in all tested models. Hypertension-associated genetic variants of GRK4 fail to rescue any of the observed phenotypes, suggesting a receptor-independent mechanism. Instead, we discovered unrestrained mammalian target of rapamycin signaling as an underlying cause. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify GRK4 as novel regulator of cilia and of kidney development independent of GRK4's kinase function and provide evidence that the GRK4 variants believed to act as hyperactive kinases are dysfunctional for normal ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gerhards
- Section of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars D. Maerz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edda S. F. Matthees
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Donow
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Moepps
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin D. Burkhalter
- Section of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Section of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Tholen LE, Latta F, Martens JHA, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Transcription factor HNF1β controls a transcriptional network regulating kidney cell structure and tight junction integrity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F211-F224. [PMID: 36546837 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00199.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1β gene (HNF1B) cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by renal cysts and/or malformation, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia. The electrolyte disturbances may develop in the distal part of the nephron, which is important for fine-tuning of Mg2+ and Ca2+ reabsorption. Therefore, we aimed to study the transcriptional network directed by HNF1β in the distal part of the nephron. We combined HNF1β chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and mRNA expression data to identify direct targets of HNF1β in a renal distal convoluted tubule cell line (mpkDCT). Gene Ontology term pathway analysis demonstrated enrichment of cell polarity, cell-cell junction, and cytoskeleton pathways in the dataset. Genes directly and indirectly regulated by HNF1β within these pathways included members of the apical and basolateral polarity complexes including Crumbs protein homolog 3 (Crb3), partitioning defective 6 homolog-β (Pard6b), and LLGL Scribble cell polarity complex component 2 (Llgl2). In monolayers of mouse inner medullary collecting duct 3 cells expressing dominant negative Hnf1b, tight junction integrity was compromised, as observed by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance values and increased permeability for fluorescein (0.4 kDa) compared with wild-type cells. Expression of dominant negative Hnf1b also led to a decrease in height (30%) and an increase in surface (58.5%) of cells grown on membranes. Moreover, three-dimensional spheroids formed by cells expressing dominant negative Hnf1b were reduced in size compared with wild-type spheroids (30%). Together, these findings demonstrate that HNF1β directs a transcriptional network regulating tight junction integrity and cell structure in the distal part of the nephron.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetic defects in transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1β cause a heterogeneous disease characterized by electrolyte disturbances, kidney cysts, and diabetes. By combining RNA-sequencing and HNF1β chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data, we identified new HNF1β targets that were enriched for cell polarity pathways. Newly discovered targets included members of polarity complexes Crb3, Pard6b, and Llgl2. Functional assays in kidney epithelial cells demonstrated decreased tight junction integrity and a loss of typical cuboidal morphology in mutant Hnf1b cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte E Tholen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Latta
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Tholen LE, Schigt H, Kleuskens SGE, Bos C, Spruijt CG, Willemsen B, Vermeulen M, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. HNF1β-associated cyst development and electrolyte disturbances are not explained by BAIAP2L2 expression. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22696. [PMID: 36520027 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201121r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations or deletions in transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox β (HNF1β) cause renal cysts and/or malformation, maturity-onset diabetes of the young and electrolyte disturbances. Here, we applied a comprehensive bioinformatic approach on ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and gene expression array studies to identify novel transcriptional targets of HNF1β explaining the kidney phenotype of HNF1β patients. We identified BAR/IMD Domain Containing Adaptor Protein 2 Like 2 (BAIAP2L2), as a novel transcriptional target of HNF1β and validated direct transcriptional activation of the BAIAP2L2 promoter by a reporter luciferase assay. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we show that BAIAP2L2 binds to other members of the I-BAR domain-containing family: BAIAP2 and BAIAP2L1. Subsequently, the role of BAIAP2L2 in maintaining epithelial cell integrity in the kidney was assessed using Baiap2l2 knockout cell and mouse models. Kidney epithelial cells lacking functional BAIAP2L2 displayed normal F-actin distribution at cell-cell contacts and formed polarized three-dimensional spheroids with a lumen. In vivo, Baiap2l2 knockout mice displayed normal kidney and colon tissue morphology and serum and urine electrolyte concentrations were not affected. Altogether, our study is the first to characterize the function of BAIAP2L2 in the kidney in vivo and we report that mice lacking BAIAP2L2 exhibit normal electrolyte homeostasis and tissue morphology under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte E Tholen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Schigt
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne G E Kleuskens
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caro Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia G Spruijt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Primary cilia suppress Ripk3-mediated necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:477. [PMID: 36460631 PMCID: PMC9718801 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are sensory organelles that project from the surface of almost all cells. Nephronophthisis (NPH) and NPH-related ciliopathies are degenerative genetic diseases caused by mutation of cilia-associated genes. These kidney disorders are characterized by progressive loss of functional tubular epithelial cells which is associated with inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and cyst formation, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. However, disease mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that targeted deletion of cilia in renal epithelial cells enhanced susceptibility to necroptotic cell death under inflammatory conditions. Treatment of non-ciliated cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and the SMAC mimetic birinapant resulted in Ripk1-dependent cell death, while viability of ciliated cells was almost not affected. Cell death could be enhanced and shifted toward necroptosis by the caspase inhibitor emricasan, which could be blocked by inhibitors of Ripk1 and Ripk3. Moreover, combined treatment of ciliated and non-ciliated cells with TNFα and cycloheximide induced a cell death response that could be partially rescued with emricasan in ciliated cells. In contrast, non-ciliated cells responded with pronounced cell death that was blocked by necroptosis inhibitors. Consistently, combined treatment with interferon-γ and emricasan induced cell death only in non-ciliated cells. Mechanistically, enhanced necroptosis induced by loss of cilia could be explained by induction of Ripk3 and increased abundance of autophagy components, including p62 and LC3 associated with the Ripk1/Ripk3 necrosome. Genetic ablation of cilia in renal tubular epithelial cells in mice resulted in TUNEL positivity and increased expression of Ripk3 in kidney tissue. Moreover, loss of Nphp1, the most frequent cause of NPH, further increased susceptibility to necroptosis in non-ciliated epithelial cells, suggesting that necroptosis might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Together, these data provide a link between cilia-related signaling and cell death responses and shed new light on the disease pathogenesis of NPH-related ciliopathies.
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8
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Ziegler WH, Lüdiger S, Hassan F, Georgiadis ME, Swolana K, Khera A, Mertens A, Franke D, Wohlgemuth K, Dahmer-Heath M, König J, Dafinger C, Liebau MC, Cetiner M, Bergmann C, Soetje B, Haffner D. Primary URECs: a source to better understand the pathology of renal tubular epithelia in pediatric hereditary cystic kidney diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:122. [PMID: 35264234 PMCID: PMC8905910 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In pediatric hereditary cystic kidney diseases, epithelial cell defects mostly result from rare, autosomal recessively inherited pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the cilia-centrosome complex. Consequences of individual gene variants on epithelial function are often difficult to predict and can furthermore depend on the patient’s genetic background. Here, we studied urine-derived renal tubular epithelial cells (URECs) from genetically determined, pediatric cohorts of different hereditary cystic kidney diseases, comprising autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis (NPH) and the Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS). UREC characteristics and behavior in epithelial function-related 3D cell culture were compared in order to identify gene and variant-specific properties and to determine aspects of epithelial (cell) dysfunction. Results UREC preparations from patients (19) and healthy controls (39) were studied in a qualitative and quantitative manner using primary cells cultured for up-to 21 days. In patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in PKHD1 or NPHP genes, we were able to receive satisfactory amounts of URECs of reproducible quality. In BBS patients, UREC yield was lower and more dependent on the individual genotype. In contrast, in UREC preparations derived from healthy controls, no predictable and satisfactory outcome could be established. Considering cell proliferation, tubular origin and epithelial properties in 2D/3D culture conditions, we observed distinct and reproducible epithelial properties of URECs. In particular, the cells from patients carrying PKHD1 variants were characterized by a high incidence of defective morphogenesis of monolayered spheroids—a property proposed to be suitable for corrective intervention. Furthermore, we explored different ways to generate reference cell lines for both—patients and healthy controls—in order to eliminate restrictions in cell number and availability of primary URECs. Conclusions Ex vivo 3D cell culture of primary URECs represents a valuable, non-invasive source to evaluate epithelial cell function in kidney diseases and as such helps to elucidate the functional consequences of rare genetic disorders. In combination with genetically defined control cell lines to be generated in the future, the cultivation of primary URECs could become a relevant tool for testing personalized treatment of epithelial dysfunction in patients with hereditary cystic kidney disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02265-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Ziegler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sarah Lüdiger
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fatima Hassan
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margarita E Georgiadis
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Swolana
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amrit Khera
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Mertens
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Franke
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Wohlgemuth
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mareike Dahmer-Heath
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens König
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Dafinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Metin Cetiner
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birga Soetje
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Zhang X, Li LX, Ding H, Torres VE, Yu C, Li X. Ferroptosis Promotes Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Mouse Models. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2759-2776. [PMID: 34716241 PMCID: PMC8806097 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common inherited kidney disease, is regulated by different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, the role in ADPKD of ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death mediated by iron and lipid metabolism, remains elusive. METHODS To determine a pathophysiologic role of ferroptosis in ADPKD, we investigated whether the absence of Pkd1 (encoding polycystin-1) affected the expression of key factors involved in the process of ferroptosis, using Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis in Pkd1 mutant renal cells and tissues. We also examined whether treatment with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, and ferrostain-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, affected cyst growth in Pkd1 mutant mouse models. RESULTS We found that kidney cells and tissues lacking Pkd1 exhibit extensive metabolic abnormalities, including reduced expression of the system Xc- amino acid antiporter (critical for import of cystine), of iron exporter (ferroportin), and of GPX4 (a key and negative regulator of ferroptosis). The abnormalities also include increased expression of iron importers (TfR1, DMT1) and HO-1, which in turn result in high iron levels, low GSH and GPX4 activity, increased lipid peroxidation, and propensity to ferroptosis. We further found that erastin increased, and ferrostatin-1 inhibited ferroptotic cell death and proliferation of Pkd1-deficient cells in kidneys from Pkd1 mutant mice. A lipid peroxidation product increased in Pkd1-deficient cells, 4HNE, promoted the proliferation of survived Pkd1 mutant cells via activation of Akt, S6, Stat3, and Rb during the ferroptotic process, contributing to cyst growth. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that ferroptosis contributes to ADPKD progression and management of ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for ADPKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linda Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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10
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Attali-Padael Y, Armon L, Urbach A. Apoptosis induction by the stem cell factor LIN28A. Biol Cell 2021; 113:450-457. [PMID: 34437724 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Lin28A and its paralog Lin28B are RNA binding proteins expressed in stem and progenitor cells, regulating the balance between their proliferation and differentiation. In-vivo and in-vitro experiments have shown that overexpression of these genes leads to abnormal cell proliferation, which results in many cases in cell transformation and tumor formation. RESULTS Here we show, for the first time, that Lin28A overexpression can also lead to the opposite effect, i.e. apoptosis induction. We further demonstrate that this effect is specific to Lin28A but not to Lin28B and that it is mediated via the Let-7 independent pathway in a complex mechanism that involves at least several proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This unexpected observation suggests that cell fate regulation by Lin28 is dependent on a specific cellular/genetic context. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this Lin28A overexpression effect may pave the way for novel tumor therapeutic strategies, as Lin28 is commonly expressed in many types of tumors but not in most normal adult cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Attali-Padael
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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11
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Gopalan J, Omar MH, Roy A, Cruz NM, Falcone J, Jones KN, Forbush KA, Himmelfarb J, Freedman BS, Scott JD. Targeting an anchored phosphatase-deacetylase unit restores renal ciliary homeostasis. eLife 2021; 10:e67828. [PMID: 34250905 PMCID: PMC8291974 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological defects in water homeostasis can lead to renal failure. Likewise, common genetic disorders associated with abnormal cytoskeletal dynamics in the kidney collecting ducts and perturbed calcium and cAMP signaling in the ciliary compartment contribute to chronic kidney failure. We show that collecting ducts in mice lacking the A-Kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 exhibit enhanced development of primary cilia. Mechanistic studies reveal that AKAP220-associated protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) mediates this phenotype by promoting changes in the stability of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with concomitant defects in actin dynamics. This proceeds through a previously unrecognized adaptor function for PP1 as all ciliogenesis and cytoskeletal phenotypes are recapitulated in mIMCD3 knock-in cells expressing a phosphatase-targeting defective AKAP220-ΔPP1 mutant. Pharmacological blocking of local HDAC6 activity alters cilia development and reduces cystogenesis in kidney-on-chip and organoid models. These findings identify the AKAP220-PPI-HDAC6 pathway as a key effector in primary cilia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Gopalan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Mitchell H Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Ankita Roy
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Nelly M Cruz
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jerome Falcone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Kiana N Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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12
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Guo D, Huang Y, Jin X, Zhang C, Zhu X. A Redox-Responsive, In-Situ Polymerized Polyplatinum(IV)-Coated Gold Nanorod as An Amplifier of Tumor Accumulation for Enhanced Thermo-Chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120400. [PMID: 33022477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It remains a major challenge to develop an effective therapeutic system based on gold nanorods (GNRs) for cancer therapy. Herein, we developed a redox-responsive, in-situ polymerized polyplatinum(IV)-coated gold nanorod (GNR@polyPt(IV)) with coupling of the near-infrared (NIR)-induced hyperthermal effect and redox-triggered drug release in one therapeutic platform as an amplifier of tumor accumulation through mild hyperthermia for enhanced synergistical thermo-chemotherapy. After in-situ polymerized with 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and Pt(IV) complex-based prodrug monomer (PPM) onto the surface of GNRs, the nanosized GNR@polyPt(IV) exhibited the advantages of high drug encapsulation efficiency, triggered drug release, and reduced side effect. As demonstrated by thermal imaging and photoacoustic imaging in vitro and in vivo, this GNR@polyPt(IV) exhibited an excellent NIR-associated hyperthermal effect and outstanding capacity of tumor accumulation. Importantly, under a mild hyperthermia process, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were upregulation, resulting in angiogenic vessel around the tumor. Combination with accelerated blood flow and angiogenesis by mild hyperthermia, a dramatic increase of drug accumulation in tumor could be realized after systematic administration. As a result, this amplification fashion of tumor accumulation would contribute the GNR@polyPt(IV) to inhibit tumor progression effectively. Such a facile and simple methodology for enhanced therapeutic effect based on GNRs holds great promises for cancer therapy with further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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13
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Zhang L, Li LX, Zhou JX, Harris PC, Calvet JP, Li X. RNA helicase p68 inhibits the transcription and post-transcription of Pkd1 in ADPKD. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8281-8297. [PMID: 32724471 PMCID: PMC7381742 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations of the PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Dysregulation of the expression of PKD genes, the abnormal activation of PKD associated signaling pathways, and the expression and maturation of miRNAs regulates cyst progression. However, the upstream factors regulating these abnormal processes in ADPKD remain elusive. Methods: To investigate the roles of an RNA helicase, p68, in ADPKD, we performed Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis, immunostaining and ChIP assay in cystic renal epithelium cells and tissues. Results: We found that p68 was upregulated in cystic renal epithelial cells and tissues. p68 represses Pkd1 gene expression via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in renal epithelial cells, in that 1) p68 binds to the promoter of the Pkd1 gene together with p53 to repress transcription; and 2) p68 promotes the expression and maturation of miR-17, miR-200c and miR-182 and via these miRNAs, post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of Pkd1 mRNA. Drosha is involved in this process by forming a complex with p68. p68 also regulates the phosphorylation and activation of PKD proliferation associated signaling and the expression of fibrotic markers in Pkd1 mutant renal epithelial cells. Silence of p68 delays cyst formation in collecting duct cell mediated 3D cultures. In addition, the expression of p68 is induced by H2O2-dependent oxidative stress and DNA damage which causes downregulation of Pkd1 transcription in cystic renal epithelial cells and tissues. Conclusions: p68 plays a critical role in negatively regulating the expression of the PKD1 gene along with positively regulating the expression and maturation of miRNAs and activation of PKD associated signaling pathways to cause renal cyst progression and fibrosis in ADPKD.
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14
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Bonucci M, Kuperwasser N, Barbe S, Koka V, de Villeneuve D, Zhang C, Srivastava N, Jia X, Stokes MP, Bienaimé F, Verkarre V, Lopez JB, Jaulin F, Pontoglio M, Terzi F, Delaval B, Piel M, Pende M. mTOR and S6K1 drive polycystic kidney by the control of Afadin-dependent oriented cell division. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3200. [PMID: 32581239 PMCID: PMC7314806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR activation is essential and sufficient to cause polycystic kidneys in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and other genetic disorders. In disease models, a sharp increase of proliferation and cyst formation correlates with a dramatic loss of oriented cell division (OCD). We find that OCD distortion is intrinsically due to S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activation. The concomitant loss of S6K1 in Tsc1-mutant mice restores OCD but does not decrease hyperproliferation, leading to non-cystic harmonious hyper growth of kidneys. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics for S6K1 substrates revealed Afadin, a known component of cell-cell junctions required to couple intercellular adhesions and cortical cues to spindle orientation. Afadin is directly phosphorylated by S6K1 and abnormally decorates the apical surface of Tsc1-mutant cells with E-cadherin and α-catenin. Our data reveal that S6K1 hyperactivity alters centrosome positioning in mitotic cells, affecting oriented cell division and promoting kidney cysts in conditions of mTOR hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bonucci
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Kuperwasser
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Serena Barbe
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vonda Koka
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine de Villeneuve
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nishit Srivastava
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoying Jia
- Cell Signaling Technology INC, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | - Matthew P Stokes
- Cell Signaling Technology INC, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | - Frank Bienaimé
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP centre), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département d'anatomo-pathologie, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Delaval
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Centrosome, cilia and pathologies Lab, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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15
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Molinari E, Sayer JA. Disease Modeling To Understand the Pathomechanisms of Human Genetic Kidney Disorders. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:855-872. [PMID: 32139361 PMCID: PMC7274277 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08890719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The class of human genetic kidney diseases is extremely broad and heterogeneous. Accordingly, the range of associated disease phenotypes is highly variable. Many children and adults affected by inherited kidney disease will progress to ESKD at some point in life. Extensive research has been performed on various different disease models to investigate the underlying causes of genetic kidney disease and to identify disease mechanisms that are amenable to therapy. We review some of the research highlights that, by modeling inherited kidney disease, contributed to a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms, leading to the identification of novel genetic causes, new therapeutic targets, and to the development of new treatments. We also discuss how the implementation of more efficient genome-editing techniques and tissue-culture methods for kidney research is providing us with personalized models for a precision-medicine approach that takes into account the specificities of the patient and the underlying disease. We focus on the most common model systems used in kidney research and discuss how, according to their specific features, they can differentially contribute to biomedical research. Unfortunately, no definitive treatment exists for most inherited kidney disorders, warranting further exploitation of the existing disease models, as well as the implementation of novel, complex, human patient-specific models to deliver research breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Sayer
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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16
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Soetje B, Fuellekrug J, Haffner D, Ziegler WH. Application and Comparison of Supervised Learning Strategies to Classify Polarity of Epithelial Cell Spheroids in 3D Culture. Front Genet 2020; 11:248. [PMID: 32292417 PMCID: PMC7119422 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional culture systems that allow generation of monolayered epithelial cell spheroids are widely used to study epithelial function in vitro. Epithelial spheroid formation is applied to address cellular consequences of (mono)-genetic disorders, that is, ciliopathies, in toxicity testing, or to develop treatment options aimed to restore proper epithelial cell characteristics and function. With the potential of a high-throughput method, the main obstacle to efficient application of the spheroid formation assay so far is the laborious, time-consuming, and bias-prone analysis of spheroid images by individuals. Hundredths of multidimensional fluorescence images are blinded, rated by three persons, and subsequently, differences in ratings are compared and discussed. Here, we apply supervised learning and compare strategies based on machine learning versus deep learning. While deep learning approaches can directly process raw image data, machine learning requires transformed data of features extracted from fluorescence images. We verify the accuracy of both strategies on a validation data set, analyse an experimental data set, and observe that different strategies can be very accurate. Deep learning, however, is less sensitive to overfitting and experimental batch-to-batch variations, thus providing a rather powerful and easily adjustable classification tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birga Soetje
- Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Joachim Fuellekrug
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Ziegler
- Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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17
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Dumit VI, Köttgen M, Hofherr A. Mass Spectrometry-Based Analysis of TRPP2 Phosphorylation. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1987:51-64. [PMID: 31028673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9446-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Differential phosphorylation of proteins is a key regulatory mechanism in biology. Immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry facilitates the targeted analysis of transient receptor ion potential channel polycystin-2 (TRPP2) phosphorylation. However, empirical testing is required to optimize experimental conditions for immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Here, we present a detailed workflow for the reliable analysis of endogenous TRPP2 phosphorylation in differentiated renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica I Dumit
- Core Facility Proteomics, Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Köttgen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Hofherr
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Cruz-Acuña R, Mulero-Russe A, Clark AY, Zent R, García AJ. Identification of matrix physicochemical properties required for renal epithelial cell tubulogenesis by using synthetic hydrogels. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226639. [PMID: 31558679 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels with controlled physicochemical matrix properties serve as powerful in vitro tools to dissect cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that regulate epithelial morphogenesis in 3D microenvironments. In addition, these fully defined matrices overcome the lot-to-lot variability of naturally derived materials and have provided insights into the formation of rudimentary epithelial organs. Therefore, we engineered a fully defined synthetic hydrogel with independent control over proteolytic degradation, mechanical properties, and adhesive ligand type and density to study the impact of ECM properties on epithelial tubulogenesis for inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Protease sensitivity of the synthetic material for membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP, also known as MMP14) was required for tubulogenesis. Additionally, a defined range of matrix elasticity and presentation of RGD adhesive peptide at a threshold level of 2 mM ligand density were required for epithelial tubulogenesis. Finally, we demonstrated that the engineered hydrogel supported organization of epithelial tubules with a lumen and secreted laminin. This synthetic hydrogel serves as a platform that supports epithelial tubular morphogenetic programs and can be tuned to identify ECM biophysical and biochemical properties required for epithelial tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Adriana Mulero-Russe
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amy Y Clark
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA .,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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19
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Cutrona MB, Simpson JC. A High-Throughput Automated Confocal Microscopy Platform for Quantitative Phenotyping of Nanoparticle Uptake and Transport in Spheroids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902033. [PMID: 31334922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a high demand for advanced, image-based, automated high-content screening (HCS) approaches to facilitate phenotypic screening in 3D cell culture models. A major challenge lies in retaining the resolution of fine cellular detail but at the same time imaging multicellular structures at a large scale. In this study, a confocal microscopy-based HCS platform in optical multiwell plates that enables the quantitative morphological profiling of populations of nonuniform spheroids obtained from HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells is described. This platform is then utilized to demonstrate a quantitative dissection of the penetration of synthetic nanoparticles (NP) in multicellular 3D spheroids at multiple levels of scale. A pilot RNA interference-based screening validates this methodology and identifies a subset of RAB GTPases that regulate NP trafficking in these spheroids. This technology is suitable for high-content phenotyping in 3D cell-based screening, providing a framework for nanomedicine drug development as applied to translational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell B Cutrona
- School of Biology and Environmental Science & Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science & Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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20
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Hong H, Joo K, Park SM, Seo J, Kim MH, Shin E, Cheong HI, Lee JH, Kim J. Extraciliary roles of the ciliopathy protein JBTS17 in mitosis and neurogenesis. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:99-115. [PMID: 31004438 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE JBTS17 is a major gene mutated in ciliopathies such as Joubert syndrome and oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI. Most patients with loss of function mutations in JBTS17 exhibit cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and brainstem malformation. However, some patients with JBTS17 mutations show microcephaly and abnormal gyration. We examined potential roles of JBTS17 in neurogenesis to understand the pathological mechanism of JBTS17-related cortical abnormalities. METHODS We examined subcellular localization and cell-cycle-dependent expression of JBTS17 proteins using anti-JBTS17 antibodies and JBTS17 expression vectors. We also performed knockdown experiments to determined roles of JBTS17 in human cells, and demonstrated mitotic functions of JBTS17 using immunostaining and live imaging. We examined the involvement of JBTS17 in cortical neurogenesis using a mouse in utero electroporation technique. RESULTS We found that JBTS17 localizes to the kinetochore and the level of JBTS17 is regulated by cell-cycle-dependent proteolysis. Depletion of JBTS17 disrupts chromosome alignment and spindle pole orientation, resulting in mitotic delay. JBTS17 interacts with LIS1 and influences LIS1 localization. Depletion of Jbts17 in the developing mouse cortex interferes with the mitotic progression of neural progenitors and the migration of postmitotic neurons. INTERPRETATION LIS1 is implicated in lissencephaly, but altered dosage of LIS1 has been also associated with microcephaly syndromes. Our results suggest that JBTS17 contributes to mitotic progression by interacting with LIS1, and abnormal mitosis is an underlying mechanism of the microcephaly phenotype in JBTS17-related ciliopathies. We propose that understanding extraciliary roles of ciliopathy proteins is important to elucidate pathological mechanisms underlying diverse ciliopathy phenotypes. ANN NEUROL 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Hong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Kwangsic Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - Sang Min Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Jimyung Seo
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - EunBie Shin
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul; and 5Research Coordination Center for Rare Disease, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Joon Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
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21
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Odabasi E, Gul S, Kavakli IH, Firat-Karalar EN. Centriolar satellites are required for efficient ciliogenesis and ciliary content regulation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201947723. [PMID: 31023719 PMCID: PMC6549029 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are ubiquitous in vertebrate cells. They have recently emerged as key regulators of centrosome/cilium biogenesis, and their mutations are linked to ciliopathies. However, their precise functions and mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a kidney epithelial cell line (IMCD3) lacking satellites by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PCM1 deletion and investigated the cellular and molecular consequences of satellite loss. Cells lacking satellites still formed full-length cilia but at significantly lower numbers, with changes in the centrosomal and cellular levels of key ciliogenesis factors. Using these cells, we identified new ciliary functions of satellites such as regulation of ciliary content, Hedgehog signaling, and epithelial cell organization in three-dimensional cultures. However, other functions of satellites, namely proliferation, cell cycle progression, and centriole duplication, were unaffected in these cells. Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed that loss of satellites affects transcription scarcely, but significantly alters the proteome. Importantly, the centrosome proteome mostly remains unaltered in the cells lacking satellites. Together, our findings identify centriolar satellites as regulators of efficient cilium assembly and function and provide insight into disease mechanisms of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Odabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Jain M, Kaiser RW, Bohl K, Hoehne M, Göbel H, Bartram MP, Habbig S, Müller RU, Fogo AB, Benzing T, Schermer B, Höpker K, Slaats GG. Inactivation of Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcription Factor in tubular epithelial cells induces accumulation of DNA damage and nephronophthisis. Kidney Int 2019; 95:846-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Mutations of ADAMTS9 Cause Nephronophthisis-Related Ciliopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:45-54. [PMID: 30609407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RCs) are a group of inherited diseases that are associated with defects in primary cilium structure and function. To identify genes mutated in NPHP-RC, we performed homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing for >100 individuals, some of whom were single affected individuals born to consanguineous parents and some of whom were siblings of indexes who were also affected by NPHP-RC. We then performed high-throughput exon sequencing in a worldwide cohort of 800 additional families affected by NPHP-RC. We identified two ADAMTS9 mutations (c.4575_4576del [p.Gln1525Hisfs∗60] and c.194C>G [p.Thr65Arg]) that appear to cause NPHP-RC. Although ADAMTS9 is known to be a secreted extracellular metalloproteinase, we found that ADAMTS9 localized near the basal bodies of primary cilia in the cytoplasm. Heterologously expressed wild-type ADAMTS9, in contrast to mutant proteins detected in individuals with NPHP-RC, localized to the vicinity of the basal body. Loss of ADAMTS9 resulted in shortened cilia and defective sonic hedgehog signaling. Knockout of Adamts9 in IMCD3 cells, followed by spheroid induction, resulted in defective lumen formation, which was rescued by an overexpression of wild-type, but not of mutant, ADAMTS9. Knockdown of adamts9 in zebrafish recapitulated NPHP-RC phenotypes, including renal cysts and hydrocephalus. These findings suggest that the identified mutations in ADAMTS9 cause NPHP-RC and that ADAMTS9 is required for the formation and function of primary cilia.
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24
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Guided tissue organization and disease modeling in a kidney tubule array. Biomaterials 2018; 183:295-305. [PMID: 30189357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro kidney tubule models have either largely relied on the self-morphogenetic properties of the mammalian cells or used an engineered microfluidic platform with a monolayer of cells cultured on an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coated porous membrane. These systems are used to understand critical processes during kidney development and transport properties of renal tubules. However, high variability and lack of kidney tubule-relevant geometries among engineered structures limit their utility in disease research and pre-clinical drug testing. Here, we report a novel bioengineered guided kidney tubule (gKT) array system that incorporates in vivo-like physicochemical cues in 3D culture to reproducibly generate homogeneous kidney tubules. The system utilizes a unique 3D micro-molded ECM platform in human physiology-scale dimensions (50-μm diameter) and relevant shapes to guide cells towards formation of mature tubule structures. The guided kidney tubules in our array system display enhanced tubule homogeneity with in vivo-like structural and functional features as evaluated by marker protein localization and epithelial transport analysis. Furthermore, the response of gKT structures to forskolin treatment exhibits characteristic tissue transformations from tubules to expanding cysts. Moreover, acute cisplatin injury causes induction of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression as well as tubular necrosis and apoptosis. Thus the gKT array system offers enhanced structural uniformity with accurate in vivo-like tissue architecture, and will have broad applications in kidney tubule disease pathophysiology (including ciliopathies and drug-induced acute kidney injury), and will enhance pre-clinical drug screening studies.
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25
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Srivastava S, Ramsbottom SA, Molinari E, Alkanderi S, Filby A, White K, Henry C, Saunier S, Miles CG, Sayer JA. A human patient-derived cellular model of Joubert syndrome reveals ciliary defects which can be rescued with targeted therapies. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4657-4667. [PMID: 28973549 PMCID: PMC5886250 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is the archetypal ciliopathy caused by mutation of genes encoding ciliary proteins leading to multi-system phenotypes, including a cerebello-retinal-renal syndrome. JBTS is genetically heterogeneous, however mutations in CEP290 are a common underlying cause. The renal manifestation of JBTS is a juvenile-onset cystic kidney disease, known as nephronophthisis, typically progressing to end-stage renal failure within the first two decades of life, thus providing a potential window for therapeutic intervention. In order to increase understanding of JBTS and its associated kidney disease and to explore potential treatments, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of primary renal epithelial cells directly isolated from patient urine (human urine-derived renal epithelial cells, hURECs). We demonstrate that hURECs from a JBTS patient with renal disease have elongated and disorganized primary cilia and that this ciliary phenotype is specifically associated with an absence of CEP290 protein. Treatment with the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway agonist purmorphamine or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition (using roscovitine and siRNA directed towards cyclin-dependent kinase 5) ameliorated the cilia phenotype. In addition, purmorphamine treatment was shown to reduce cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in patient cells, suggesting a convergence of these signalling pathways. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive analysis of primary renal epithelial cells from JBTS patients to date. It demonstrates the feasibility and power of this approach to directly assess the consequences of patient-specific mutations in a physiologically relevant context and a previously unrecognized convergence of Shh agonism and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Renal Services, The Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Simon A Ramsbottom
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sumaya Alkanderi
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kathryn White
- EM Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charline Henry
- EM Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Colin G Miles
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Renal Services, The Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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26
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Forbes TA, Howden SE, Lawlor K, Phipson B, Maksimovic J, Hale L, Wilson S, Quinlan C, Ho G, Holman K, Bennetts B, Crawford J, Trnka P, Oshlack A, Patel C, Mallett A, Simons C, Little MH. Patient-iPSC-Derived Kidney Organoids Show Functional Validation of a Ciliopathic Renal Phenotype and Reveal Underlying Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:816-831. [PMID: 29706353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing diagnostic rate of genomic sequencing, the genetic basis of more than 50% of heritable kidney disease remains unresolved. Kidney organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of individuals affected by inherited renal disease represent a potential, but unvalidated, platform for the functional validation of novel gene variants and investigation of underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study, trio whole-exome sequencing of a prospectively identified nephronophthisis (NPHP) proband and her parents identified compound-heterozygous variants in IFT140, a gene previously associated with NPHP-related ciliopathies. IFT140 plays a key role in retrograde intraflagellar transport, but the precise downstream cellular mechanisms responsible for disease presentation remain unknown. A one-step reprogramming and gene-editing protocol was used to derive both uncorrected proband iPSCs and isogenic gene-corrected iPSCs, which were differentiated to kidney organoids. Proband organoid tubules demonstrated shortened, club-shaped primary cilia, whereas gene correction rescued this phenotype. Differential expression analysis of epithelial cells isolated from organoids suggested downregulation of genes associated with apicobasal polarity, cell-cell junctions, and dynein motor assembly in proband epithelial cells. Matrigel cyst cultures confirmed a polarization defect in proband versus gene-corrected renal epithelium. As such, this study represents a "proof of concept" for using proband-derived iPSCs to model renal disease and illustrates dysfunctional cellular pathways beyond the primary cilium in the setting of IFT140 mutations, which are established for other NPHP genotypes.
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27
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He M, Ye W, Wang WJ, Sison ES, Jan YN, Jan LY. Cytoplasmic Cl - couples membrane remodeling to epithelial morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11161-E11169. [PMID: 29229864 PMCID: PMC5748203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714448115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloride is the major free anion in the extracellular space (>100 mM) and within the cytoplasm in eukaryotes (10 ∼ 20 mM). Cytoplasmic Cl- level is dynamically regulated by Cl- channels and transporters. It is well established that movement of Cl- across the cell membrane is coupled with cell excitability through changes in membrane potential and with water secretion. However, whether cytoplasmic Cl- plays additional roles in animal development and tissue homeostasis is unknown. Here we use genetics, cell biological and pharmacological tools to demonstrate that TMEM16A, an evolutionarily conserved calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), regulates cytoplasmic Cl- homeostasis and promotes plasma membrane remodeling required for mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. We demonstrate that TMEM16A-mediated control of cytoplasmic Cl- regulates the organization of the major phosphoinositide species PtdIns(4,5)P2 into microdomains on the plasma membrane, analogous to processes that cluster soluble and membrane proteins into phase-separated droplets. We further show that an adequate cytoplasmic Cl- level is required for proper endocytic trafficking and membrane supply during early stages of ciliogenesis and adherens junction remodeling. Our study thus uncovers a critical function of CaCC-mediated cytoplasmic Cl- homeostasis in controlling the organization of PtdIns(4,5)P2 microdomains and membrane remodeling. This newly defined role of cytoplasmic Cl- may shed light on the mechanisms of intracellular Cl- signaling events crucial for regulating tissue architecture and organelle biogenesis during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Wenlei Ye
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Eirish S Sison
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
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28
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Woo YM, Kim DY, Koo NJ, Kim YM, Lee S, Ko JY, Shin Y, Kim BH, Mun H, Choi S, Lee EJ, Shin JO, Park EY, Bok J, Park JH. Profiling of miRNAs and target genes related to cystogenesis in ADPKD mouse models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14151. [PMID: 29074972 PMCID: PMC5658336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited renal disease characterized by the development of numerous fluid-filled cysts in both kidneys. We investigated miRNA-mediated regulatory systems and networks that play an important role during cystogenesis through integrative analysis of miRNA- and RNA-seq using two ADPKD mouse models (conditional Pkd1- or Pkd2-deficient mice), at three different time points (P1, P3, and P7). At each time point, we identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and their potential targets in agreement with cyst progression in both mouse models. These targets were involved in well-known signaling pathways linked to cystogenesis. More specifically, we found that the actin cytoskeleton pathway was highly enriched and connected with other well-known pathways of ADPKD. We verified that miR-182-5p regulates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and promotes ADPKD cystogenesis by repressing its target genes-Wasf2, Dock1, and Itga4-in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that actin cytoskeleton may play an important role in renal cystogenesis, and miR-182-5p is a novel regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cyst progression. Furthermore, this study provides a systemic network of both key miRNAs and their targets associated with cyst growth in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Woo
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jin Koo
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Yeong Ko
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Mun
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Departments of Anatomy and Otorhinolaryngology, and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Hofherr A, Busch T, Huber N, Nold A, Bohn A, Viau A, Bienaimé F, Kuehn EW, Arnold SJ, Köttgen M. Efficient genome editing of differentiated renal epithelial cells. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:303-311. [PMID: 27987038 PMCID: PMC5222933 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome editing technologies have enabled the rapid and precise manipulation of genomes, including the targeted introduction, alteration, and removal of genomic sequences. However, respective methods have been described mainly in non-differentiated or haploid cell types. Genome editing of well-differentiated renal epithelial cells has been hampered by a range of technological issues, including optimal design, efficient expression of multiple genome editing constructs, attainable mutation rates, and best screening strategies. Here, we present an easily implementable workflow for the rapid generation of targeted heterozygous and homozygous genomic sequence alterations in renal cells using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system. We demonstrate the versatility of established protocols by generating novel cellular models for studying autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Furthermore, we show that cell culture-validated genetic modifications can be readily applied to mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) for the generation of corresponding mouse models. The described procedure for efficient genome editing can be applied to any cell type to study physiological and pathophysiological functions in the context of precisely engineered genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hofherr
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Tilman Busch
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nora Huber
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Nold
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Bohn
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amandine Viau
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Bienaimé
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Wolfgang Kuehn
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Köttgen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Kaminski MM, Tosic J, Kresbach C, Engel H, Klockenbusch J, Müller AL, Pichler R, Grahammer F, Kretz O, Huber TB, Walz G, Arnold SJ, Lienkamp SS. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into renal tubular epithelial cells by defined transcription factors. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1269-1280. [PMID: 27820600 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming by forced expression of transcription factors can convert one cell type into another. Thus, desired cell types can be generated bypassing pluripotency. However, direct reprogramming towards renal cells remains an unmet challenge. Here, we identify renal cell fate-inducing factors on the basis of their tissue specificity and evolutionarily conserved expression, and demonstrate that combined expression of Emx2, Hnf1b, Hnf4a and Pax8 converts mouse and human fibroblasts into induced renal tubular epithelial cells (iRECs). iRECs exhibit epithelial features, a global gene expression profile resembling their native counterparts, functional properties of differentiated renal tubule cells and sensitivity to nephrotoxic substances. Furthermore, iRECs integrate into kidney organoids and form tubules in decellularized kidneys. Our approach demonstrates that reprogramming factors can be identified by targeted in silico analysis. Renal tubular epithelial cells generated ex vivo by forced expression of transcription factors may facilitate disease modelling, drug and nephrotoxicity testing, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Tosic
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catena Kresbach
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Engel
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Klockenbusch
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Müller
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Pichler
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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AKAP220 manages apical actin networks that coordinate aquaporin-2 location and renal water reabsorption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4328-37. [PMID: 27402760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607745113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filtration through the kidney eliminates toxins, manages electrolyte balance, and controls water homeostasis. Reabsorption of water from the luminal fluid of the nephron occurs through aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water pores in principal cells that line the kidney-collecting duct. This vital process is impeded by formation of an "actin barrier" that obstructs the passive transit of AQP2 to the plasma membrane. Bidirectional control of AQP2 trafficking is managed by hormones and signaling enzymes. We have discovered that vasopressin-independent facets of this homeostatic mechanism are under the control of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 220 (AKAP220; product of the Akap11 gene). CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and imaging approaches show that loss of AKAP220 disrupts apical actin networks in organoid cultures. Similar defects are evident in tissue sections from AKAP220-KO mice. Biochemical analysis of AKAP220-null kidney extracts detected reduced levels of active RhoA GTPase, a well-known modulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Fluorescent imaging of kidney sections from these genetically modified mice revealed that RhoA and AQP2 accumulate at the apical surface of the collecting duct. Consequently, these animals are unable to appropriately dilute urine in response to overhydration. We propose that membrane-proximal signaling complexes constrained by AKAP220 impact the actin barrier dynamics and AQP2 trafficking to ensure water homeostasis.
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Toriyama M, Lee C, Taylor SP, Duran I, Cohn DH, Bruel AL, Tabler JM, Drew K, Kelley MR, Kim S, Park TJ, Braun D, Pierquin G, Biver A, Wagner K, Malfroot A, Panigrahi I, Franco B, Al-lami HA, Yeung Y, Choi YJ, Duffourd Y, Faivre L, Rivière JB, Chen J, Liu KJ, Marcotte EM, Hildebrandt F, Thauvin-Robinet C, Krakow D, Jackson PK, Wallingford JB. The ciliopathy-associated CPLANE proteins direct basal body recruitment of intraflagellar transport machinery. Nat Genet 2016; 48:648-56. [PMID: 27158779 PMCID: PMC4978421 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cilia use microtubule-based intraflagellar transport (IFT) to organize intercellular signaling. Ciliopathies are a spectrum of human diseases resulting from defects in cilia structure or function. The mechanisms regulating the assembly of ciliary multiprotein complexes and the transport of these complexes to the base of cilia remain largely unknown. Combining proteomics, in vivo imaging and genetic analysis of proteins linked to planar cell polarity (Inturned, Fuzzy and Wdpcp), we identified and characterized a new genetic module, which we term CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector), and an extensive associated protein network. CPLANE proteins physically and functionally interact with the poorly understood ciliopathy-associated protein Jbts17 at basal bodies, where they act to recruit a specific subset of IFT-A proteins. In the absence of CPLANE, defective IFT-A particles enter the axoneme and IFT-B trafficking is severely perturbed. Accordingly, mutation of CPLANE genes elicits specific ciliopathy phenotypes in mouse models and is associated with ciliopathies in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - S. Paige Taylor
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Human Genetics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ivan Duran
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Human Genetics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA, 90095
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | | | - Kevin Drew
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Marcus R. Kelley
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Sukyoung Kim
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Daniella Braun
- HHMI and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Kerstin Wagner
- Cardiological Pediatric unit, Hospital Center, Luxemburg
| | - Anne Malfroot
- Clinic of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Travel Clinic and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic at the Universitair Ziekenhuis UZ Brussel, Belgium
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics Advanced, Pediatric Centre Pigmer, Chandigarh, India
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM , Naples Italy
| | - Hadeel Adel Al-lami
- Dept. of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London
| | - Yvonne Yeung
- Dept. of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Yannis Duffourd
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Clinical genetics centre and Eastern referral centre for developmental anomalies and malformative syndromes, FHU-TRANSLAD, Children Hospital, CHU Dijon, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, FHU-TRANSLAD, PTB, CHU Dijon, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Jiang Chen
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Dept. of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London
| | | | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- HHMI and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, FHU-TRANSLAD, PTB, CHU Dijon, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA, 90095
| | - Peter K. Jackson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford, California 94305
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Grampa V, Delous M, Zaidan M, Odye G, Thomas S, Elkhartoufi N, Filhol E, Niel O, Silbermann F, Lebreton C, Collardeau-Frachon S, Rouvet I, Alessandri JL, Devisme L, Dieux-Coeslier A, Cordier MP, Capri Y, Khung-Savatovsky S, Sigaudy S, Salomon R, Antignac C, Gubler MC, Benmerah A, Terzi F, Attié-Bitach T, Jeanpierre C, Saunier S. Novel NEK8 Mutations Cause Severe Syndromic Renal Cystic Dysplasia through YAP Dysregulation. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005894. [PMID: 26967905 PMCID: PMC4788435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of genetic multi-systemic disorders related to dysfunction of the primary cilium, a sensory organelle present at the cell surface that regulates key signaling pathways during development and tissue homeostasis. In order to identify novel genes whose mutations would cause severe developmental ciliopathies, >500 patients/fetuses were analyzed by a targeted high throughput sequencing approach allowing exome sequencing of >1200 ciliary genes. NEK8/NPHP9 mutations were identified in five cases with severe overlapping phenotypes including renal cystic dysplasia/hypodysplasia, situs inversus, cardiopathy with hypertrophic septum and bile duct paucity. These cases highlight a genotype-phenotype correlation, with missense and nonsense mutations associated with hypodysplasia and enlarged cystic organs, respectively. Functional analyses of NEK8 mutations in patient fibroblasts and mIMCD3 cells showed that these mutations differentially affect ciliogenesis, proliferation/apoptosis/DNA damage response, as well as epithelial morphogenesis. Notably, missense mutations exacerbated some of the defects due to NEK8 loss of function, highlighting their likely gain-of-function effect. We also showed that NEK8 missense and loss-of-function mutations differentially affect the regulation of the main Hippo signaling effector, YAP, as well as the expression of its target genes in patient fibroblasts and renal cells. YAP imbalance was also observed in enlarged spheroids of Nek8-invalidated renal epithelial cells grown in 3D culture, as well as in cystic kidneys of Jck mice. Moreover, co-injection of nek8 MO with WT or mutated NEK8-GFP RNA in zebrafish embryos led to shortened dorsally curved body axis, similar to embryos injected with human YAP RNA. Finally, treatment with Verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP transcriptional activity, partially rescued the 3D spheroid defects of Nek8-invalidated cells and the abnormalities of NEK8-overexpressing zebrafish embryos. Altogether, our study demonstrates that NEK8 human mutations cause major organ developmental defects due to altered ciliogenesis and cell differentiation/proliferation through deregulation of the Hippo pathway. Genes mutated in ciliopathies encode proteins with various localizations and functions at the primary cilium. Here we report novel NEK8 mutations in patients with renal cystic hypodysplasia and associated ciliopathy defects. NEK8 belongs to a protein complex defining the Inversin compartment of the cilium. It is also a negative regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway that controls organ growth. We report genotype-phenotype correlation in the patients. We functionally demonstrate that the two types of mutations (missense versus nonsense) differentially affect ciliogenesis, cell apoptosis and epithelialisation. We also show that all the mutations lead to dysregulation of the Hippo pathway through nuclear YAP imbalance but that the nature of this imbalance is different according to the type of mutation. We confirm alteration of the Hippo pathway associated with Nek8 mutation in vivo in Jck mice. Remarkably, we show that morphogenesis defects observed in Nek8 knockdown epithelial cells or zebrafish embryos are rescued by Verteporfin, a specific inhibitor of YAP transcriptional activity, demonstrating the causative role of YAP dysregulation in the occurrence of these defects. Altogether, this study links NEK8 mutations to dysregulation of the Hippo pathway and provide molecular clues to understand the variability of the multiorgan defects in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grampa
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delous
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gweltas Odye
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Filhol
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Niel
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Flora Silbermann
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lebreton
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Cellular Biotechnology Department and Biobank, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Louise Devisme
- Anatomopathological Department, CHRU Lille, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Cordier
- Department of Genetics, Femme Mère-Enfant Hospital, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Department of Genetics, CHU Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Multidisciplinary Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, La Timone Children’s Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Salomon
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris, France
- Department of Histology-Embryology and Cytogenetics, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Jeanpierre
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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34
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Slaats GG, Isabella CR, Kroes HY, Dempsey JC, Gremmels H, Monroe GR, Phelps IG, Duran KJ, Adkins J, Kumar SA, Knutzen DM, Knoers NV, Mendelsohn NJ, Neubauer D, Mastroyianni SD, Vogt J, Worgan L, Karp N, Bowdin S, Glass IA, Parisi MA, Otto EA, Johnson CA, Hildebrandt F, van Haaften G, Giles RH, Doherty D. MKS1 regulates ciliary INPP5E levels in Joubert syndrome. J Med Genet 2016; 53:62-72. [PMID: 26490104 PMCID: PMC5060087 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive ciliopathy characterised by a distinctive brain malformation 'the molar tooth sign'. Mutations in >27 genes cause JS, and mutations in 12 of these genes also cause Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS). The goals of this work are to describe the clinical features of MKS1-related JS and determine whether disease causing MKS1 mutations affect cellular phenotypes such as cilium number, length and protein content as potential mechanisms underlying JS. METHODS We measured cilium number, length and protein content (ARL13B and INPP5E) by immunofluorescence in fibroblasts from individuals with MKS1-related JS and in a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid rescue assay to test the effects of disease-related MKS1 mutations. RESULTS We report MKS1 mutations (eight of them previously unreported) in nine individuals with JS. A minority of the individuals with MKS1-related JS have MKS features. In contrast to the truncating mutations associated with MKS, all of the individuals with MKS1-related JS carry ≥ 1 non-truncating mutation. Fibroblasts from individuals with MKS1-related JS make normal or fewer cilia than control fibroblasts, their cilia are more variable in length than controls, and show decreased ciliary ARL13B and INPP5E. Additionally, MKS1 mutant alleles have similar effects in 3D spheroids. CONCLUSIONS MKS1 functions in the transition zone at the base of the cilium to regulate ciliary INPP5E content, through an ARL13B-dependent mechanism. Mutations in INPP5E also cause JS, so our findings in patient fibroblasts support the notion that loss of INPP5E function, due to either mutation or mislocalisation, is a key mechanism underlying JS, downstream of MKS1 and ARL13B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela G. Slaats
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hester Y. Kroes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Glen R. Monroe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian G. Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen J. Duran
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Adkins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sairam A. Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana M. Knutzen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nine V. Knoers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy J. Mendelsohn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospitals & Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Neubauer
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa Worgan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Natalya Karp
- Medical Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Bowdin
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian A. Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Parisi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edgar A. Otto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel H. Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Human proximal tubule cells form functional microtissues. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:739-50. [PMID: 26676951 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cells lining the proximal tubules of the kidney mediate complex transport processes and are particularly vulnerable to drug toxicity. Drug toxicity studies are classically based on two-dimensional cultures of immortalized proximal tubular cells. Such immortalized cells are dedifferentiated, and lose transport properties (including saturable endocytic uptake) encountered in vivo. Generating differentiated, organotypic human microtissues would potentially alleviate these limitations and facilitate drug toxicity studies. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of kidney microtissues from immortalized (HK-2) and primary (HRPTEpiC) human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells under well-defined conditions. Microtissue cultures were done in hanging drop GravityPLUS™ culture plates and were characterized for morphology, proliferation and differentiation markers, and by monitoring the endocytic uptake of albumin. Kidney microtissues were successfully obtained by co-culturing HK-2 or HRPTEpiC cells with fibroblasts. The HK-2 microtissues formed highly proliferative, but dedifferentiated microtissues within 10 days of culture, while co-culture with fibroblasts yielded spherical structures already after 2 days. Low passage HRPTEpiC microtissues (mono- and co-culture) were less proliferative and expressed tissue-specific differentiation markers. Electron microscopy evidenced epithelial differentiation markers including microvilli, tight junctions, endosomes, and lysosomes in the co-cultured HRPTEpiC microtissues. The co-cultured HRPTEpiC microtissues showed specific uptake of albumin that could be inhibited by cadmium and gentamycin. In conclusion, we established a reliable hanging drop protocol to obtain functional kidney microtissues with proximal tubular epithelial cell lines. These microtissues could be used for high-throughput drug and toxicology screenings, with endocytosis as a functional readout.
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36
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TMEM107 recruits ciliopathy proteins to subdomains of the ciliary transition zone and causes Joubert syndrome. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 18:122-31. [PMID: 26595381 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The transition zone (TZ) ciliary subcompartment is thought to control cilium composition and signalling by facilitating a protein diffusion barrier at the ciliary base. TZ defects cause ciliopathies such as Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS), nephronophthisis (NPHP) and Joubert syndrome (JBTS). However, the molecular composition and mechanisms underpinning TZ organization and barrier regulation are poorly understood. To uncover candidate TZ genes, we employed bioinformatics (coexpression and co-evolution) and identified TMEM107 as a TZ protein mutated in oral-facial-digital syndrome and JBTS patients. Mechanistic studies in Caenorhabditis elegans showed that TMEM-107 controls ciliary composition and functions redundantly with NPHP-4 to regulate cilium integrity, TZ docking and assembly of membrane to microtubule Y-link connectors. Furthermore, nematode TMEM-107 occupies an intermediate layer of the TZ-localized MKS module by organizing recruitment of the ciliopathy proteins MKS-1, TMEM-231 (JBTS20) and JBTS-14 (TMEM237). Finally, MKS module membrane proteins are immobile and super-resolution microscopy in worms and mammalian cells reveals periodic localizations within the TZ. This work expands the MKS module of ciliopathy-causing TZ proteins associated with diffusion barrier formation and provides insight into TZ subdomain architecture.
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Slaats GG, Wheway G, Foletto V, Szymanska K, van Balkom BWM, Logister I, Den Ouden K, Keijzer-Veen MG, Lilien MR, Knoers NV, Johnson CA, Giles RH. Screen-based identification and validation of four new ion channels as regulators of renal ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4550-9. [PMID: 26546361 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of ion channels to ciliogenesis, we carried out a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based reverse genetics screen of all ion channels in the mouse genome in murine inner medullary collecting duct kidney cells. This screen revealed four candidate ion channel genes: Kcnq1, Kcnj10, Kcnf1 and Clcn4. We show that these four ion channels localize to renal tubules, specifically to the base of primary cilia. We report that human KCNQ1 Long QT syndrome disease alleles regulate renal ciliogenesis; KCNQ1-p.R518X, -p.A178T and -p.K362R could not rescue ciliogenesis after Kcnq1-siRNA-mediated depletion in contrast to wild-type KCNQ1 and benign KCNQ1-p.R518Q, suggesting that the ion channel function of KCNQ1 regulates ciliogenesis. In contrast, we demonstrate that the ion channel function of KCNJ10 is independent of its effect on ciliogenesis. Our data suggest that these four ion channels regulate renal ciliogenesis through the periciliary diffusion barrier or the ciliary pocket, with potential implication as genetic contributors to ciliopathy pathophysiology. The new functional roles of a subset of ion channels provide new insights into the disease pathogenesis of channelopathies, which might suggest future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela G Slaats
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Veronica Foletto
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Bas W M van Balkom
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ive Logister
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Den Ouden
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy G Keijzer-Veen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Marc R Lilien
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V Knoers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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Slaats GG, Saldivar JC, Bacal J, Zeman MK, Kile AC, Hynes AM, Srivastava S, Nazmutdinova J, den Ouden K, Zagers MS, Foletto V, Verhaar MC, Miles C, Sayer JA, Cimprich KA, Giles RH. DNA replication stress underlies renal phenotypes in CEP290-associated Joubert syndrome. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3657-66. [PMID: 26301811 DOI: 10.1172/jci80657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile ciliopathy syndromes that are associated with renal cysts and premature renal failure are commonly the result of mutations in the gene encoding centrosomal protein CEP290. In addition to centrosomes and the transition zone at the base of the primary cilium, CEP290 also localizes to the nucleus; however, the nuclear function of CEP290 is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that reduction of cellular CEP290 in primary human and mouse kidney cells as well as in zebrafish embryos leads to enhanced DNA damage signaling and accumulation of DNA breaks ex vivo and in vivo. Compared with those from WT mice, primary kidney cells from Cep290-deficient mice exhibited supernumerary centrioles, decreased replication fork velocity, fork asymmetry, and increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Treatment of Cep290-deficient cells with CDK inhibitors rescued DNA damage and centriole number. Moreover, the loss of primary cilia that results from CEP290 dysfunction was rescued in 3D cell culture spheroids of primary murine kidney cells after exposure to CDK inhibitors. Together, our results provide a link between CEP290 and DNA replication stress and suggest CDK inhibition as a potential treatment strategy for a wide range of ciliopathy syndromes.
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Non-invasive sources of cells with primary cilia from pediatric and adult patients. Cilia 2015; 4:8. [PMID: 26034581 PMCID: PMC4450497 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-015-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliopathies give rise to a multitude of organ-specific pathologies; obtaining relevant primary patient material is useful for both diagnostics and research. However, acquisition of primary ciliated cells from patients, particularly pediatric patients, presents multiple difficulties. Biopsies and blood samples are invasive, and patients (and their parents) may be reluctant to travel to medical centers, especially for research purposes. We sought to develop non-invasive methods of obtaining viable and ciliated primary cells from ciliopathy patients which could be obtained in the home environment. FINDINGS We introduce two methods for the non-invasive acquisition of primary ciliated cells. In one approach, we collected spontaneously shed deciduous (milk) teeth from children. Fibroblast-like cells were observed after approximately 2 weeks of culture of fragmented teeth. Secondly, urine samples were collected from children or adults. Cellular content was isolated and after approximately 1 week, renal epithelial cells were observed. Both urine and tooth-derived cells ciliate and express ciliary proteins visible with immunofluorescence. Urine-derived renal epithelial cells (URECs) are amenable to 3D culturing, siRNA knockdown, and ex vivo drug testing. CONCLUSIONS As evidence continues to accumulate showing that the primary cilium has a central role in development and disease, the need for readily available and ciliated patient cells will increase. Here, we introduce two methods for the non-invasive acquisition of cells with primary cilia. We believe that these cells can be used for further ex vivo study of ciliopathies and in the future, for personalized medicine.
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