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Ding LJ, Jiang X, Li T, Wang S. Role of UFMylation in tumorigenesis and cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1454823. [PMID: 39247188 PMCID: PMC11377280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1454823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) represent a crucial aspect of cellular regulation, occurring after protein synthesis from mRNA. These modifications, which include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, Sumoylation, and palmitoylation, play pivotal roles in modulating protein function. PTMs influence protein localization, stability, and interactions, thereby orchestrating a variety of cellular processes in response to internal and external stimuli. Dysregulation of PTMs is linked to a spectrum of diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. UFMylation, a type of PTMs, has recently gained prominence for its regulatory role in numerous cellular processes, including protein stability, response to cellular stress, and key signaling pathways influencing cellular functions. This review highlights the crucial function of UFMylation in the development and progression of tumors, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target. Moreover, we discuss the pivotal role of UFMylation in tumorigenesis and malignant progression, and explore its impact on cancer immunotherapy. The article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of biological functions of UFMylation and propose how targeting UFMylation could enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Te Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Feng T, Li S, Zhao G, Li Q, Yuan H, Zhang J, Gu R, Ou D, Guo Y, Kou Q, Wang Q, Li K, Lin P. DDX39B facilitates the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via activation of SREBP1-mediated de novo lipid synthesis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1235-1252. [PMID: 37052853 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The detailed molecular mechanisms of aberrant lipid metabolism in HCC remain unclear. Herein, we focused on the potential role of DDX39B in aberrant lipogenesis and malignant development in HCC. METHODS DDX39B expression in HCC and para-cancer tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. CCK-8, colony formation and Transwell assays were utilized to detect HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Oil red O and Nile red staining and triglyceride and cholesterol detection were used to measure lipogenesis. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to detect interactions between DDX39B and SREBP1. Immunofluorescence assays were performed to investigate the impact of DDX39B on SREBP1 nuclear translocation. A luciferase assay was used to explore the transcriptional activity of SREBP1. The subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models in nude mice were generated to verify the contribution of the DDX39B/SREBP1 axis to tumor growth, lung metastasis and lipid synthesis in vivo. RESULTS DDX39B is upregulated in HCC tissues and predicts a worse prognosis. Upregulated DDX39B contributes to the proliferation, metastasis and lipogenesis of HCC cells. Mechanistically, DDX39B directly interacts with SREBP1, and silencing DDX39B impairs the stabilization of the SREBP1 protein through FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of SREBP1. Furthermore, DDX39B deficiency decreases the nuclear translocation and activation of SREBP1 and transcription of SREBP1 downstream genes, resulting in reduced lipid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which DDX39B facilitates the malignant progression of HCC via activation of SREBP1-mediated de novo lipogenesis, implicating DDX39B as both a potential predictor of recurrence and prognosis and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Feng
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Deqiong Ou
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiming Kou
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
- Hi-Tech Development, 1# Keyuan 4 Road, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Lin
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
- Hi-Tech Development, 1# Keyuan 4 Road, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Wu XY, Zhu Z, Gai MH. Prognostic modelling of colorectal cancer based on oxidative stress-related genes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10623-10631. [PMID: 37300722 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers of the digestive tract. There is mounting evidence that genes associated with oxidative stress might affect the tumour immune microenvironment during tumour growth, maintenance, and treatment response. However, how oxidative stress-related genes affect prognostic importance, tumour microenvironment features, and treatment outcomes in colon cancer patients has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used to construct a signature model and nomogram using step and Cox regression approaches to investigate how gene expression affected immunological responses to colon cancer, including the degree of immune infiltration, MSI, and drug sensitivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The nomogram and the signature model had strong prognostic potential for colon cancer, with gene expression highly correlated with multiple immune cells. The first signature model and nomogram including oxidative stress-related genes were constructed for use in clinical decision-making. In addition, SRD5A1, GSR, TXN, TRAF2 and TRAP1 were identified as potential biomarkers for colon cancer diagnosis and indicators for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wu
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Nursing Department, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei-Hua Gai
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Nursing Department, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Li M, Zhu C, Xue Y, Miao C, He R, Li W, Zhang B, Yu W, Huang X, Lv M, Xu Y, Huang Q. A DNA methylation signature for the prediction of tumour recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1681-1689. [PMID: 36828869 PMCID: PMC10133253 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge in stage II colorectal carcinoma is to identify patients with increased risk of recurrence. Biomarkers that distinguish patients with poor prognosis from patients without recurrence are currently lacking. This study aims to develop a robust DNA methylation classifier that allows the prediction of recurrence and chemotherapy benefit in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation capture sequencing in 243 stage II colorectal carcinoma samples and identified a relapse-specific DNA methylation signature consisting of eight CpG sites. METHODS Two hundred and forty-three patients with stage II CRC were enrolled in this study. In order to select differential methylation sites among recurrence and non-recurrence stage II CRC samples, DNA methylation profiles of 62 tumour samples including 31 recurrence and 31 nonrecurrence samples were analysed using the Agilent SureSelectXT Human Methyl-Seq, a comprehensive target enrichment system to analyse CpG methylation. Pyrosequencing was applied to quantify the methylation level of candidate DNA methylation sites in 243 patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was employed to build the disease recurrence prediction classifier. RESULTS We identified a relapse-related DNA methylation signature consisting of eight CpG sites in stage II CRC by DNA methylation capture sequencing. The classifier showed significantly higher prognostic accuracy than any clinicopathological risk factors. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed an association of high-risk score with poor prognosis. In multivariate analysis, the signature was the most significant prognosis factor, with an HR of 2.80 (95% CI, 1.71-4.58, P < 0.001). The signature could identify patients who are suitable candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS An eight-CpG DNA methylation signature is a reliable prognostic and predictive tool for disease recurrence in patients with stage II CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruiping He
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Lv
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Qihong Huang
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Xu S, Liu D, Cui M, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Guo S, Zhang H. Identification of Hub Genes for Early Diagnosis and Predicting Prognosis in Colon Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1893351. [PMID: 35774271 PMCID: PMC9239823 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1893351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is among the most common digestive system malignancies worldwide, and its pathogenesis and gene signatures remain unclear. This study explored the genetic characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying colon cancer development. Three gene expression data sets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COAD and normal tissues. Then, the intersection of the data sets was obtained. Metascape was used to perform the functional enrichment analyses. Next, STRING was used to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Hub genes were identified and analysed using Cytoscape. Next, survival analysis and expression analysis of the hub genes were performed. ROC curve analysis was performed for further test of the diagnostic efficacy. Finally, alterations in the hub genes were predicted and analysed by cBioPortal. Altogether, 436 DEGs were detected. The DEGs were mainly enriched in cell cycle phase transition, nuclear division, meiotic nuclear division, and cytokinesis. Based on PPI networks, 20 hub genes were selected. Among them, 6 hub genes (CCNB1, CCNA2, AURKA, NCAPG, DLGAP5, and CENPE) showed significant prognostic value in colon cancer (P < 0.05), while 5 hub genes (CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, MAD2L1, and DLGAP5) were associated with early colon cancer diagnosis and ROC curve analysis showed good diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to identify hub genes that reveal the potential mechanism of carcinogenesis and progression of colon cancer. The hub genes might be novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mingming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China
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Bustos M, Dubrot J, Martinez-Anso E, Larequi E, Castaño D, Palazon A, Belza I, Sanmamed MF, Perez-Gracia JL, Ortiz de Solorzano C, Alfaro C, Melero I. Cardiotrophin-1 determines liver engraftment of syngenic colon carcinoma cells through an immune system-mediated mechanism. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1527-1536. [PMID: 23264899 PMCID: PMC3525608 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1/CTF1) is a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines that stimulates STAT-3 phosphorylation in cells bearing the cognate receptor. We report that Ctf1−/− mice (hereby referred to as CT-1−/− mice) are resistant to the hepatic engraftment of MC38 colon carcinoma cells, while these cells engraft normally in the mouse subcutaneous tissue. Tumor intake in the liver could be enhanced by the systemic delivery of a recombinant adenovirus encoding CT-1, which also partly rescued the resistance of CT-1−/− mice to the hepatic engraftment of MC38 cells. Moreover, systemic treatment of wild-type (WT) mice with a novel antibody-neutralizing mouse CT-1 also reduced engraftment of this model. Conversely, experiments with Panc02 pancreatic cancer and B16-OVA melanoma cells in CT-1−/− mice revealed rates of hepatic engraftment similar to those observed in WT mice. The mechanism whereby CT-1 renders the liver permissive for MC38 metastasis involves T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as shown by selective depletion experiments and in genetically deficient mice. However, no obvious changes in the number or cell killing capacity of liver lymphocytes in CT-1−/− animals could be substantiated. These findings demonstrate that the seed and soil concept to understand metastasis can be locally influenced by cytokines as well as by the cellular immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bustos
- Gene Therapy and Hepatology Unit; Center for Applied Medical Research; University Clinic of Navarra; Pamplona, Spain
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Tian C, Lang T, Qiu J, Han K, Zhou L, Min D, Zhang Z, Qi D. SKP1 promotes YAP-mediated colorectal cancer stemness via suppressing RASSF1. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:579. [PMID: 33292299 PMCID: PMC7713163 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recognized as an important drug target, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. SKP1 is a traditional drug target for cancer therapy, while, whether SKP1 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells (CRC-SCs) and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. METHODS Human CRC cell lines and primary human CRC cells were used in this study. Gene manipulation was performed by lentivirus system. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The sphere-forming and in vitro migration capacities were determined by sphere formation and transwell assay. The self-renewal was determined by limiting dilution assay. The tumorigenicity and metastasis of cancer cells were examined by xenograft model. The promoter activity was examined by luciferase reporter assay. Nuclear run-on and Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR (ChIP-PCR) assay were employed to examine the transcription and protein-DNA interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to test protein-protein interaction. The relationship between gene expression and survival was analyzed by Kaplan-meier analysis. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Spearman analysis. Data are represented as mean ± SD and the significance was determined by Student's t test. RESULTS SKP1 was upregulated in CRC-SCs and predicted poor prognosis of colon cancer patients. Overexpression of SKP1 promoted the stemness of CRC cells reflected by increased sphere-forming, migration and self-renewal capacities as well as the expression of CSCs markers. In contrast, SKP1 depletion produced the opposite effects. SKP1 strengthened YAP activity and knockdown of YAP abolished the effect of SKP1 on the stemness of CRC cells. SKP1 suppressed RASSF1 at both mRNA and protein level. Overexpression of RASSF1 abolished the effect of SKP1 on YAP activity and CRC stemness. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that SKP1 suppresses RASSF1 at both mRNA and protein level, attenuates Hippo signaling, activates YAP, and thereby promoting the stemness of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS, Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169867, Singapore
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dachuan Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Mo S, Ma X, Li Y, Zhang L, Hou T, Han-Zhang H, Qian J, Cai S, Huang D, Peng J. Somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations elicit enhanced intratumoral immune responses in stage II colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000881. [PMID: 32859741 PMCID: PMC7454238 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found patients with POLE exonuclease domain mutations (EDMs) in targeted exons were related to significant better outcomes in stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC). The detailed mutational profile of the entire POLE exonuclease domain, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immune cell infiltration in POLE EDMs tumors, and the prognostic value of such mutations in stage II CRCs were largely unknown to us. This study was to clarify the characteristics, immune response and prognostic value of somatic POLE EDMs in stage II CRC. A total of 295 patients with stage II CRC were sequenced by next-generation sequencing with a targeted genetic panel. Simultaneous detection of the immune cells was conducted using a five-color immunohistochemical multiplex technique. The detailed molecular characteristics, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and prognostic effect of POLE EDMs in stage II CRC were analyzed. For stage II CRCs, the POLE EDMs were detected in 3.1% of patients. Patients with POLE EDMs were more prone to be microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) (33.3% vs 11.2%, p=0.043), younger at diagnosis (median 46 years vs 62 years, p<0.001) and more common at right-sided location (66.7% vs 23.1%; p=0.003). All patients with POLE EMDs were assessed as extremely high TMB, with a mean TMB of 200.8. Compared with other stage II CRCs, POLE EDMs displayed an enhanced intratumoral cytotoxic T cell response, evidenced by increased numbers of CD8+TILs and CD8A expression. Patients with stage II CRCs could be classified into three risk subsets, with significant different 5 years disease-free survival rates of 100% for POLE EDMs, 82.0% for MSI-H and 63.0% for MSS, p=0.013. In conclusion, characterized by a robust intratumoral T cell response, ultramutated POLE EDMs could be detected in a small subset of stage II CRCs with extremely high TMB. Patients with POLE EDMs had excellent outcomes in stage II CRCs, regardless of MSI status. Sequencing of all the exonuclease domain of POLE gene is recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Hou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Juanjuan Qian
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China .,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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9
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Song WY, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang PJ, Zhang R. Clinical value evaluation of serum markers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:219-227. [PMID: 32104552 PMCID: PMC7031148 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is important in clinical practice. However, the currently methods are inadequate because of high cost and low diagnostic value. AIM To develop a new examination method based on the serum biomarker panel for the early detection of CRC. METHODS Three hundred and fifty cases of CRC, 300 cases of colorectal polyps and 360 cases of normal controls. Combined with the results of area under curve (AUC) and correlation analysis, the binary Logistic regression analysis of the remaining indexes which is in accordance with the requirements was carried out, and discriminant analysis, classification tree and artificial neural network analysis were used to analyze the remaining indexes at the same time. RESULTS By comparison of these methods, we obtained the ability to distinguish CRC from healthy control group, malignant disease group and benign disease group. Artificial neural network had the best diagnostic value when compared with binary logistic regression, discriminant analysis, and classification tree. The AUC of CRC and the control group was 0.992 (0.987, 0.997), sensitivity and specificity were 98.9% and 95.6%. The AUC of the malignant disease group and benign group was 0.996 (0.992, 0.999), sensitivity and specificity were 97.4% and 96.7%. CONCLUSION Artificial neural network diagnosis method can improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of CRC, and a novel assistant diagnostic method was built for the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Song
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Di Z, Di M, Fu W, Tang Q, Liu Y, Lei P, Gu X, Liu T, Sun M. Integrated Analysis Identifies a Nine-microRNA Signature Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:192. [PMID: 32265979 PMCID: PMC7100107 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal and malignant type of cancer in the world. Abnormal expression of human microRNA-200a (hsa-miRNA-200a or miR-200a) has previously been characterized as a clinically noticeable biomarker in several cancers, but its role in CRC is still unclear. METHODS Three CRC miRNA expression datasets were integratively analyzed by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms. Nine candidate miRNAs were identified and validated for diagnostic and prognostic capability with the prediction model. The potential roles of the tumor suppressor miR-200a-3p in invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells were elaborated by in vitro studies. RESULTS Nine miRNAs (miR-492, miR-200a, miR-338, miR-29c, miR-101, miR-148a, miR-92a, miR-424, and miR-210) were identified as potentially useful diagnostic biomarkers in the clinic. The overall accuracy rate of the nine miRNAs in the diagnostic model was 0.94, 0.89, and 0.978 in the testing, validation, and independent validation dataset, respectively. CRC patients in the GSE29622 cohort were separated by the prognostic model into the low-risk score group and the high-risk score group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.872 and 0.783 for predicting the 1- to 10-year survival of CRC patients. The performance of the prognostic model was validated by an independent TCGA-Colon Adenocarcinoma (COAD) dataset with AUC values between 0.911 and 0.796 in predicting 1- to 10-year survival. Nomograms comprising risk scores, tumor stage, and TNM staging were generated for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) in the GSE29622 and TCGA-COAD datasets. Colony formation, invasion, and migration in DLD1 and SW480 cells were suppressed by overexpression of miR-200a-3p. Inhibition of miR-200a-3p function contributed to abnormal colony formation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). miR-200a-3p binding sites were located within the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) mRNA. CONCLUSION We developed and validated a diagnostic and prognostic prediction model for CRC. miR-200a-3p was determined to be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Di
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Maojun Di
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Peijie Lei
- The First Clinical School, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinsheng Gu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Liu,
| | - Min Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Min Sun,
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11
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Liu ZL, Li LF, Xia SS, Tian HP, Yan ZH, Zhang GJ, Zhou T, He Y. Chondroitin sulfate modification enhances the targeting and therapeutic effect of nanomedicine on AOM/DSS-induced mouse colon cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Dai L, Li J, Dong Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen N, Cheng L, Fang C, Wang H, Ji Y, Chen S, Su X, Shi G, Lin Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Qiu M, Yu D, Huang W, Zhou Z, Wei Y, Deng H. Temporal expression and functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer initiation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4127-4138. [PMID: 30920116 PMCID: PMC6533480 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have potential applications in clinical diagnosis and targeted cancer therapies. However, the expression profile of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation is still unclear. In this study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were determined by microarray at specific tumour stages in an AOM/DSS-induced primary colon cancer model. The temporal expression of lncRNAs was analysed by K-means clustering. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology analysis were performed to construct co-expression networks and establish functions of the identified lncRNAs and mRNAs. Our results suggested that 4307 lncRNAs and 5798 mRNAs are deregulated during CRC initiation. These differential expression genes (DEGs) exhibited a clear correlation with the differential stage of tumour initiation. WGCNA results suggested that a series of hub lncRNAs are involved in regulating cell stemness, colon inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell death at each stage. Among them, lncRNA H19 was up-regulated in colon tumours and correlated with poor patient prognosis. Collectively, we have been the first to demonstrate the temporal expression and function of lncRNAs in CRC initiation. These results provide novel diagnosis and therapy targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Junshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Zhexu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centerthe State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centerthe State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Dechao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CenterWest China Hospital/West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryWest China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
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Wang H, Yu M, Hu W, Chen X, Luo Y, Lin X, Zeng Y, Yao X. Linc00662 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Progression by Regulating miR-497-5p/AVL9 Axis in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:1385. [PMID: 32038723 PMCID: PMC6993758 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that linc00662 serves as an oncogene in various cancers. However, the exact mechanism of oncogenesis mediated by linc00662 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological role of linc00662 in the regulation of CRC progression. METHODS Both gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) datasets were used to evaluate the expression of linc00662. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of linc00662, miR-497-5p, and AVL9 in CRC clinical samples and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, transwell assay, and xenograft model were used to investigate the effect of linc00662 on CRC cell proliferation, cell cycle, and metastasis. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and mechanism assays were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to analyze the regulatory relationships among linc00662, miR-497-5p, and AVL9. RESULTS In this study, we found that the expression of linc00662 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues and positively correlated with tissue differentiation, T stage, and lymphatic metastasis. Further, our data showed that the expression of linc00662 was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, TMN stage, and poor-moderate differentiation. Patients with higher linc00662 expression level were more likely to have poorer overall survival. Knockdown of linc00662 inhibited CRC cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, triggered cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and suppressed cell migration and invasion through regulating the EMT pathway. Further, mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of linc00662 significantly reduced the expression of AVL9, a direct target of miR-497-5p. CONCLUSIONS Linc00662 was significantly upregulated in CRC, and mediated CRC progression and metastasis by competing with miR-497-5p to modulate the expression of AVL9. Therefore, our result sheds light on the potential application of linc00662 in CRC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiming Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Yu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixian Hu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongming Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Yao,
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Long non-coding RNA ABHD11-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer development through regulation of miR-133a/SOX4 axis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181386. [PMID: 30429229 PMCID: PMC6294614 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, lncRNA has been verified to regulate the development and progression of tumor. LncRNA ABHD11-AS1 has been proven to serve as an oncogene in several cancers. However, the role of ABHD11-AS1 in colorectal cancer remains totally unknown. In the present study, qRT-PCR assay revealed that ABHD11-AS1 expression was markedly higher in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. In addition, patients who displayed overexpression of ABHD11-AS1 showed a significantly poorer progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Loss-of-function experiments suggested that silencing of ABHD11-AS1 expression could significantly reduce the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells, and increase cell apoptosis. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis, biotin pull-down assay, luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay disclosed that ABHD11-AS1 straightly interacted with miR-133a. We also found that SOX4 was a downstream target of miR-133a and ABHD11-AS1 subsequently exerted its biological effects via modulating the expression of SOX4 in colorectal cancer cells. Collectively, these findings manifested that the ABHD11-AS1/miR-133a/SOX4 axis may be a cogitable and promising therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Ji D, Zhan T, Li M, Yao Y, Jia J, Yi H, Qiao M, Xia J, Zhang Z, Ding H, Song C, Han Y, Gu J. Enhancement of Sensitivity to Chemo/Radiation Therapy by Using miR-15b against DCLK1 in Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1506-1522. [PMID: 30449704 PMCID: PMC6294114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo-/radiotherapy resistance is the main cause accounting for most treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are the culprit leading to CRC chemo-/radiotherapy resistance. The underlying regulation mechanism of TICs in CRC remains unclear. Here we discovered that miR-15b expression positively correlated with therapeutic outcome in CRC. Expression of miR-15b in pretreatment biopsy tissue samples predicted tumor regression grade (TRG) in rectal cancer patients after receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy (nRT). Expression of miR-15b in post-nRT tissue samples was associated with therapeutic outcome. DCLK1 was identified as the direct target gene for miR-15b and its suppression was associated with self-renewal and tumorigenic properties of DCLK1+ TICs. We identified B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region l homolog (BMI1) as a downstream target regulated by miR-15b/DCLK1 signaling. Thus, miR-15b may serve as a valuable marker for prognosis and therapeutic outcome prediction. DCLK1 could be a potential therapeutic target to overcome chemo-/radioresistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yunfeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jinying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Haizhao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jinhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Huirong Ding
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Can Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Peking University S.G. Hospital, Beijing 100144, China.
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Tong G, Xu W, Zhang G, Liu J, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Niu P, Xu X. The role of tissue and serum carcinoembryonic antigen in stages I to III of colorectal cancer-A retrospective cohort study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5327-5338. [PMID: 30302946 PMCID: PMC6246925 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (t-CEA) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (s-CEA) expression profiles are the most useful tumor markers for the diagnosis and evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide; however, their roles in CRC progression remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the prognostic values of both s-CEA and t-CEA in CRC. METHODS A total of 517 patients from January 2006 to December 2010 with stages I-III CRC were retrospectively examined, with 5-year postoperative follow-up and death as end-points. T-CEA expression, s-CEA expression, and clinical pathological parameters were inputted into the SPSS 21.0 software. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of patients in different tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages based on t-CEA and s-CEA expression. RESULTS Tumor differentiation and the number of positive lymph node harvests were significantly different among the t-CEA groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.002); however, clinicopathological features showed no significant difference. The groups with high s-CEA and t-CEA expression had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low s-CEA (P = 0.021) and t-CEA (P < 0.01) expression, respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that t-CEA was an independent prognostic factor in CRC (P < 0.001), but s-CEA was not (P = 0.339). The 5-year disease-free survival rates among the t-CEA groups were significantly different in stages I, II, and III of CRC (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), whereas in the s-CEA groups, this difference was observed only in stage III (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION This study shows that postoperative t-CEA expression is an independent factor associated with poorer CRC prognosis and has a higher prognostic value than that of preoperative s-CEA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Tong
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
- Central LaboratoryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Xu
- Pathological DepartmentHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Guiyang Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Zhaozheng Zheng
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Pingping Niu
- Central LaboratoryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Xuting Xu
- Central LaboratoryHuzhou Central HospitalZhejiangChina
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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) as a rich source of bioactive components to combat cancer naturally: Are we on the right track to fully unlock its potential as inhibitor of deregulated signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:98-105. [PMID: 29753870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over decades has progressively explored pharmacological actions of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Biologically and pharmacologically active molecules isolated from M. charantia have shown significant anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. In this review spotlight was set on the bioactive compounds isolated from M. charantia that effectively inhibited cancer development and progression via regulation of protein network in cancer cells. We summarize most recent high-quality research work in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice related to tumor suppressive role-play of M. charantia and its bioactive compounds. Although M. charantia mediated health promoting, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects have been extensively investigated, there is insufficient information related to regulation of signaling networks by bioactive molecules obtained from M. charantia in different cancers. M. charantia has been shown to modulate AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, p38MAPK-MAPKAPK-2/HSP-27 pathway, cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in different cancers. However, still there are visible knowledge gaps related to the drug targets in different cancers because we have not yet developed comprehensive understanding of the M. charantia mediated regulation of signal transduction pathways. To explore these questions, experimental platforms are needed that can prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
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Feng C, Zhang L, Sun Y, Li X, Zhan L, Lou Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang Y. GDPD5, a target of miR-195-5p, is associated with metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:945-952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Li Y, Liu J, Zhao Z, Wen L, Li H, Ren J, Liu H. Correlation between circulating endothelial progenitor cells and serum carcinoembryonic antigen level in colorectal cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:307-312. [PMID: 29377980 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) play an important role in cancer development. Previous studies showed that serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) in the peripheral blood are both involved in tumor neoangiogenesis, and can be used for monitoring tumor progression, recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. However, the clinical relevance of these biomarkers remains unknown. In this study, 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 17 healthy volunteers were recruited and the amount of cEPCs in the peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry. The serum CEA level was determined by CEA-RIACT assay. Results showed that cEPC level positively correlated with the stage of the disease, but not with the age and gender of the patients. Moreover, patients with higher serum CEA levels had higher cEPC levels. These results provide clinical evidence for a correlation between two commonly used biomarkers. Further understanding the role of serum CEA in cEPC-mediated tumor vascularization may improve clinical CRC diagnosis and provide useful insights into the design of therapeutic interventions that target tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zheyan Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huili Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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20
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Aziz MA, Yousef Z, Saleh AM, Mohammad S, Al Knawy B. Towards personalized medicine of colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 118:70-78. [PMID: 28917272 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts in colorectal cancer (CRC) research aim to improve early detection and treatment for metastatic stages which could translate into better prognosis of this disease. One of the major challenges that hinder these efforts is the heterogeneous nature of CRC and involvement of diverse molecular pathways. New large-scale 'omics' technologies are making it possible to generate, analyze and interpret biological data from molecular determinants of CRC. The developments of sophisticated computational analyses would allow information from different omics platforms to be integrated, thus providing new insights into the biology of CRC. Together, these technological advances and an improved mechanistic understanding might allow CRC to be clinically managed at the level of the individual patient. This review provides an account of the current challenges in CRC management and an insight into how new technologies could allow the development of personalized medicine for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Colorectal Cancer Research Program, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeyad Yousef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman M Saleh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 6610, P. O. Box 9515 Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, P. O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Medicine, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bandar Al Knawy
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center [KAIMRC], King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Office of the Chief Executive Officer, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Humby FC, Al Balushi F, Lliso G, Cauli A, Pitzalis C. Can Synovial Pathobiology Integrate with Current Clinical and Imaging Prediction Models to Achieve Personalized Health Care in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:41. [PMID: 28516086 PMCID: PMC5413506 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the past decade toward understanding the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), clinicians remain some distance from a goal of personalized health care. The capacity to diagnose RA early, predict prognosis, and moreover predict response to biologic therapies has been a research focus for many years. How currently available clinical prediction models can facilitate such goals is reviewed in this article. In addition, the role of current imaging techniques in this regard is also discussed. Finally, the authors review the current literature regarding synovial biomarkers and consider whether integration of synovial pathobiology into clinical prediction algorithms may enhance their predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Claire Humby
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Gloria Lliso
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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22
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Liu Y, He J, Xu J, Li J, Jiao Y, Bei D, Hu Y, Chen H, Xiao Q, Ding K. Neuroendocrine differentiation is predictive of poor survival in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2230-2236. [PMID: 28454385 PMCID: PMC5403537 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is made primarily on the basis of ultrastructure and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA) are two important frequently used NED markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between NED and the prognosis of stage II CRC remains controversial. Administration of adjuvant chemotherapy remains challenging for stage II CRC. Identification of reliable factors that improve the selection of patients with stage II CRC at high risk following surgery is of great importance. A total of 151 cases of patients with stage II CRC who received radical surgery in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) between January 2002 and March 2011 were assayed for Syn and CgA using IHC, following which patients were classified as NED(+) or NED(-). Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and the prognostic value was determined using a log-rank test and Cox's regression test. In the 151 cases of stage II CRC examined, the incidence of NED was 34.44%. The overall survival of the NED(+) group was significantly less favorable than that of the NED(-) group (P=0.001). The 5-year survival rate was 68% for NED(+) (n=51) and 90% for NED(-) (n=97). The independent prognostic factors of survival of patients with stage II CRC following multivariate analysis were age ≥65 years (P=0.007) and NED-positivity (P=0.014). NED was revealed to be an independent factor of poor prognosis for patients with stage II CRC, which may offer potential for improved therapy stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie He
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Jiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Dikai Bei
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yeting Hu
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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23
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Das V, Kalita J, Pal M. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of recent advances and challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:8-19. [PMID: 28040600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Since CRC is largely asymptomatic until alarm features develop to advanced stages, the implementation of the screening programme is very much essential to reduce cancer incidence and mortality rates. CRC occurs predominantly from accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in colon epithelial cells, which later gets transformed into adenocarcinomas. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current challenges of screening paradigm and diagnostic ranges are from semi-invasive methods like colonoscopy to non-invasive stool-based test, have resulted in over-diagnosis and over-treatment of CRC. Hence, new screening initiatives and deep studies are required for early diagnosis of CRC. In this regard, we not only summarise current predictive and prognostic biomarkers with their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, but also describe current limitations, future perspectives and challenges associated with the progression of CRC. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Currently many potential biomarkers have already been successfully translated into clinical practice eg. Fecal haemoglobin, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19.9, although these are not highly promising diagnostic target for personalized medicine. So there is a critical need for reliable, minimally invasive, highly sensitive and specific genetic markers of an individualised and optimised patient treatment at the earliest disease stage possible. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification of a new biomarker, or a set of biomarkers to the development of a valid, and clinical sensible assay that can be served as an alternative tool for early diagnosis of CRC and open up promising new targets in therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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24
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Caritg O, Navarro A, Moreno I, Martínez-Rodenas F, Cordeiro A, Muñoz C, Ruiz-Martinez M, Santasusagna S, Castellano JJ, Monzó M. Identifying High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer Patients: A Three-MicroRNA-Based Score as a Prognostic Biomarker. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:e175-e182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Joseph L, Cankovic M, Caughron S, Chandra P, Emmadi R, Hagenkord J, Hallam S, Jewell KE, Klein RD, Pratt VM, Rothberg PG, Temple-Smolkin RL, Lyon E. The Spectrum of Clinical Utilities in Molecular Pathology Testing Procedures for Inherited Conditions and Cancer: A Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology. J Mol Diagn 2016; 18:605-619. [PMID: 27542512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical utility describes the benefits of each laboratory test for that patient. Many stakeholders have adopted narrow definitions for the clinical utility of molecular testing as applied to targeted pharmacotherapy in oncology, regardless of the population tested or the purpose of the testing. This definition does not address all of the important applications of molecular diagnostic testing. Definitions consistent with a patient-centered approach emphasize and recognize that a clinical test result's utility depends on the context in which it is used and are particularly relevant to molecular diagnostic testing because of the nature of the information they provide. Debates surrounding levels and types of evidence needed to properly evaluate the clinical value of molecular diagnostics are increasingly important because the growing body of knowledge, stemming from the increase of genomic medicine, provides many new opportunities for molecular testing to improve health care. We address the challenges in defining the clinical utility of molecular diagnostics for inherited diseases or cancer and provide assessment recommendations. Starting with a modified analytic validity, clinical validity, clinical utility, and ethical, legal, and social implications model for addressing clinical utility of molecular diagnostics with a variety of testing purposes, we recommend promotion of patient-centered definitions of clinical utility that appropriately recognize the valuable contribution of molecular diagnostic testing to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Joseph
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Milena Cankovic
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Samuel Caughron
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; MAWD Pathology Group, PA, North Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Pranil Chandra
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; PathGroup, LLC, Brentwood, Tennessee
| | - Rajyasree Emmadi
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jill Hagenkord
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, California
| | - Stephanie Hallam
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Good Start Genetics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kay E Jewell
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Tara Center, LLC, Stevens Point, Wisconsin
| | - Roger D Klein
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Molecular Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul G Rothberg
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Elaine Lyon
- Association for Molecular Pathology's Framework for the Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Clinical Utility Task Force, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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26
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Abstract
eIF4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), is critical for cap-dependent and cap-independent translation. This study is the first to demonstrate that 4E-BP1 expression correlates with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Compared to its expression in normal colon epithelial cells, 4E-BP1 was upregulated in CRC cell lines and was detected in patient tumor tissues. Furthermore, high 4E-BP1 expression was statistically associated with poor prognosis. Hypoxia has been considered as an obstacle for cancer therapeutics. Our previous data showed that YXM110, a cryptopleurine derivative, exhibited anticancer activity via 4E-BP1 depletion. Here, we investigated whether YXM110 could inhibit protein synthesis under hypoxia. 4E-BP1 expression was notably decreased by YXM110 under hypoxic conditions, implying that cap-independent translation could be suppressed by YXM110. Moreover, YXM110 repressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, which resulted in decreased downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. These observations highlight 4E-BP1 as a useful biomarker and therapeutic target, indicating that YXM110 could be a potent CRC therapeutic drug.
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27
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Lin WR, Chiang JM, Liang KH, Lim SN, Lai MW, Tsou YK, Hsieh TY, Hsu CK, Yeh CT. GALNT14 Genotype Predicts Postoperative Outcome of Stage III Colorectal Cancer With Oxaliplatin as Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3487. [PMID: 27124048 PMCID: PMC4998711 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is widely used for stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) after curative surgery. CRC is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, and our current knowledge of therapeutic response-related genetic factors remains limited. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 14 (GALNT14)-rs9679162 genotype is a prognostic predictor for chemotherapy response in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we investigated whether this genotype was related to the therapeutic outcome of stage III CRC.A cohort of 300 stage III CRC patients receiving curative resection followed by oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy was retrospectively recruited. GALNT14 genotypes and the clinicopathological factors were correlated with posttherapeutic prognosis.Of these patients, 18% patients had GALNT14-rs9679162 "TT" and 82% had the "GT" + "GG" genotypes. The analysis showed that the "TT" genotype was associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS, P = 0.009) but not with recurrence-free survival (RFS, P = 0.700). The subgroup analysis showed that the "TT" genotype was associated with unfavorable OS in the following subgroups: age ≤65 years, men, left side CRC, N2 stage, carcinoembryonic antigen >5 ng/mL, and mucinous histology (P = 0.012, 0.011, 0.009, 0.025, 0.013, and 0.007, respectively). Within the latter 2 subgroups, the "TT" genotype was the only independent predictor for OS. Finally, the "TT" genotype was associated with the T4 tumor stage (P = 0.017) and in patients with T4 tumors, the "TT" genotype was the only independent predictor for unfavorable RFS (P = 0.007).GALNT14 "TT" genotype was associated with unfavorable OS in stage III CRC patients receiving curative surgery and adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wey-Ran Lin
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W-RL, Y-KT, C-TY); Liver Research Center (W-RL, K-HL, M-WL, Y-KT, C-TY), Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung University College of Medicine (W-RL, J-MC, S-NL, M-WL, Y-KT, T-YH, C-KH, C-TY); Department of Colorectal Surgery (J-MC); Department of Neurology (S-NL), Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; and Department of Pediatrics (M-WL), Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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28
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Chen J, Lu H, Yan D, Cui F, Wang X, Yu F, Xue Y, Feng X, Wang J, Wang X, Jiang T, Zhang M, Zhao S, Yu Y, Tang H, Peng Z. PAK6 increase chemoresistance and is a prognostic marker for stage II and III colon cancer patients undergoing 5-FU based chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:355-67. [PMID: 25426562 PMCID: PMC4381600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p21-Activated kinase 6 (PAK6) has been implicated in radiotherapy and docetaxel resistance. We have further evaluated PAK6 as a predictor of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment response in colon cancer. Here we report that in colon cancer PAK6 promotes tumor progression and chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. In the clinical analysis, PAK6 was overexpressed in 104 of 147 (70.75%) stage II and III patients who received 5-FU based chemotherapy after surgery. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PAK6 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.001). Colon cancer cell lines showed increased PAK6 expression upon 5-FU treatment. In PAK6-knockdown cells treated with 5-FU, cell viability and phosphorylation of BAD decreased, and the number of apoptotic cells, levels of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP increased compared to control cells. The opposite was observed in PAK6 overexpressing cells. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of PAK6 blocked cells in G2-M phase. Furthermore, Animal experiments results in vivo are consistent with outcomes in vitro. This study demonstrates that PAK6 is an independent prognostic factor for adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy in patients with stage II and stage III colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fudong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Basic Medical College, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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29
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Milinis K, Thornton M, Montazeri A, Rooney PS. Adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer: Is it needed? World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:225-236. [PMID: 26677436 PMCID: PMC4675908 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i6.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy has become a standard treatment of advanced rectal cancer in the West. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery alone have been well established. However, controversy surrounds the use adjuvant chemotherapy in patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy, despite it being recommended by a number of international guidelines. Results of recent multicentre randomised control trials showed no benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of survival and rates of distant metastases. However, concerns exist regarding the quality of the studies including inadequate staging modalities, out-dated chemotherapeutic regimens and surgical approaches and small sample sizes. It has become evident that not all the patients respond to adjuvant chemotherapy and more personalised approach should be employed when considering the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy. The present review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the current evidence-base and suggests improvements for future studies.
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30
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Analytical performance of a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue-based 634-probe prognostic assay for predicting outcome of patients with stage II colon cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014; 22:308-16. [PMID: 24717231 DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0000000000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue-based prognostic assay to assess the risk for recurrence in stage II colon cancer has recently been clinically validated. This study describes the analytical performance and quality control measures of the assay. The reportable range was determined to be [-1.129, 1.414] in risk score units. The accuracy was evaluated with a split sample comparison within the production lab and between the production lab and a reference lab. The concordance between the replicates within the production lab was 79% (95% confidence interval, 64%-91%). There was no evidence of bias, and the concordance was 78% (95% confidence interval, 61%-90%) between the labs. The lab-to-lab concordance was further evaluated by simulating risk scores from the full reportable range. The simulation suggested a higher concordance. The sensitivity study demonstrated that the percentage of tumor tissue did not impact the risk score and that RNA concentration of 9.5 ng/μL was a conservative determination of the analyte lower limit of quantification. From the precision study, the repeatability and reproducibility estimates were 0.1267 and 0.0548 in risk score units, respectively. Furthermore, multifaceted quality control measures were implemented, such as proper tissue processing steps, high-risk and low-risk controls, nontemplate control, and a gene expression-based classifier to evaluate the cDNA amplification kit, a key reagent in the assay. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the strong analytical performance of the assay and further supports its use as an objective standardized prognostic test for stage II colon cancer.
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Identification of risk factors for recurrence in high-risk stage II colon cancer. Int Surg 2014; 98:114-21. [PMID: 23701145 DOI: 10.9738/cc131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify risk factors for recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed in 194 patients with stage II colon cancer who underwent curative surgery between April 1997 and December 2008. Thirteen clinical and pathologic factors, including use of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in 113 of the patients (58.2%), were assessed. By multivariate analysis, only obstruction, perforation, and T4-level invasion were identified as independent risk factors affecting disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.01). The 5-year DFS rate was 70.6% in patients with one or more risk factors (n = 68) and 96.0% in patients with no risk factors (n = 126) (P < 0.01). These results suggest that obstruction, perforation, and T4-level invasion are suitable candidates for prediction of tumor recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer. The oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, which has been reported to be effective in stage III colon cancer patients, may improve the prognosis in high-risk stage II colon cancer patients.
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Prognostic impact of genomic instability in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2159-64. [PMID: 24642618 PMCID: PMC3992498 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic impact of an indication of chromosomal instability (CIN) is evaluated in a consecutive series of 952 colorectal cancer patients treated at Aker University Hospital, Norway, during 1993-2003. Microsatellite instability (MSI) in this case series has recently been reported and made it possible to find the co-occurrence and compare the prognostic significance of CIN and MSI. METHODS Data sets for overall survival (OS; n=855) and time to recurrence (TTR; n=579) were studied. To reveal CIN we used automated image cytometry (ICM). Non-diploid histograms were taken as indicative of the presence of CIN. PCR-based measures of MSI in this material have already been described. RESULTS As with MSI, CIN was found to be an independent predictor of early relapse and death among stage II patients (TTR: n=278: HR 2.19 (95% CI: 1.35-3.55), P=0.002). Of the MSI tumours (16%), 71% were found to be DNA diploid, 21% were DNA tetraploid and 8% were DNA aneuploid. Among microsatellite stable tumours, 24% were DNA diploid, 15% were DNA tetraploid and 61% were DNA aneuploid. CONCLUSION For patients presenting with stage II disease, genomic instability as detected by DNA image cytometry has the potential to provide a useful biomarker for relapse and cancer-related death following surgery with curative intent.
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Puthia M, Storm P, Nadeem A, Hsiung S, Svanborg C. Prevention and treatment of colon cancer by peroral administration of HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells). Gut 2014; 63:131-42. [PMID: 23348960 PMCID: PMC3888589 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most colon cancers start with dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling and remain a major therapeutic challenge. Examining whether HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells) may be used for colon cancer treatment is logical, based on the properties of the complex and its biological context. OBJECTIVE To investigate if HAMLET can be used for colon cancer treatment and prevention. Apc(Min)(/+) mice, which carry mutations relevant to hereditary and sporadic human colorectal tumours, were used as a model for human disease. METHOD HAMLET was given perorally in therapeutic and prophylactic regimens. Tumour burden and animal survival of HAMLET-treated and sham-fed mice were compared. Tissue analysis focused on Wnt/β-catenin signalling, proliferation markers and gene expression, using microarrays, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Confocal microscopy, reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, ion flux assays and holographic imaging were used to determine effects on colon cancer cells. RESULTS Peroral HAMLET administration reduced tumour progression and mortality in Apc(Min)(/+) mice. HAMLET accumulated specifically in tumour tissue, reduced β-catenin and related tumour markers. Gene expression analysis detected inhibition of Wnt signalling and a shift to a more differentiated phenotype. In colon cancer cells with APC mutations, HAMLET altered β-catenin integrity and localisation through an ion channel-dependent pathway, defining a new mechanism for controlling β-catenin signalling. Remarkably, supplying HAMLET to the drinking water from the time of weaning also significantly prevented tumour development. CONCLUSIONS These data identify HAMLET as a new, peroral agent for colon cancer prevention and treatment, especially needed in people carrying APC mutations, where colon cancer remains a leading cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Puthia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, , Lund, Sweden
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Zhang JX, Song W, Chen ZH, Wei JH, Liao YJ, Lei J, Hu M, Chen GZ, Liao B, Lu J, Zhao HW, Chen W, He YL, Wang HY, Xie D, Luo JH. Prognostic and predictive value of a microRNA signature in stage II colon cancer: a microRNA expression analysis. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:1295-306. [PMID: 24239208 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current staging methods do not accurately predict the risk of disease recurrence and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who have had surgery for stage II colon cancer. We postulated that expression patterns of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) could, if combined into a single model, improve postoperative risk stratification and prediction of chemotherapy benefit for these patients. METHOD Using miRNA microarrays, we analysed 40 paired stage II colon cancer tumours and adjacent normal mucosa tissues, and identified 35 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between tumours and normal tissue. Using paraffin-embedded specimens from a further 138 patients with stage II colon cancer, we confirmed differential expression of these miRNAs using qRT-PCR. We then built a six-miRNA-based classifier using the LASSO Cox regression model, based on the association between the expression of every miRNA and the duration of individual patients' disease-free survival. We validated the prognostic and predictive accuracy of this classifier in both the internal testing group of 138 patients, and an external independent group of 460 patients. FINDINGS Using the LASSO model, we built a classifier based on the six miRNAs: miR-21-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-215. Using this tool, we were able to classify patients between those at high risk of disease progression (high-risk group), and those at low risk of disease progression (low-risk group). Disease-free survival was significantly different between these groups in every set of patients. In the initial training group of patients, 5-year disease-free survival was 89% (95% CI 77·3-94·4) for the low-risk group, and 60% (46·3-71·0) for the high-risk group (hazard ratio [HR] 4·24, 95% CI 2·13-8·47; p<0·0001). In the internal testing set of patients, 5-year disease-free survival was 85% (95% CI 74·3-91·8) for the low-risk group, and 57% (42·8-68·5) for the high-risk group (HR 3·63, 1·86-7·01; p<0·0001), and in the independent validation set of patients, was 85% (79·6-89·0) for the low-risk group and 54% (46·4-61·1) for the high-risk group (HR 3·70, 2·56-5·35; p<0·0001). The six-miRNA-based classifier was an independent prognostic factor for, and had better prognostic value than, clinicopathological risk factors and mismatch repair status. In an ad-hoc analysis, the patients in the high-risk group were found to have a favourable response to adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1·69, 1·17-2·45; p=0·0054). We developed two nomograms for clinical use that integrated the six-miRNA-based classifier and four clinicopathological risk factors to predict which patients might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for stage II colon cancer. CONCLUSION Our six-miRNA-based classifier is a reliable prognostic and predictive tool for disease recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer, and might be able to predict which patients benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. It might facilitate patient counselling and individualise management of patients with this disease. FUNDING Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ayude D, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Ayude J, Blanco-Prieto S, Vázquez-Iglesias L, Vázquez-Cedeira M, Páez de la Cadena M. Preoperative serum CA 72.4 as prognostic factor of recurrence and death, especially at TNM stage II, for colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:543. [PMID: 24215576 PMCID: PMC3829802 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, evaluation of colorectal cancer prognosis and decision-making for treatment continues to be based primarily on TNM tumour stage. Administration of adjuvant chemotherapy is especially challenging for stage II patients that can have very different disease-related outcomes. Therefore, more reliable prognostic markers need to be developed to improve the selection of stage II patients at high risk for recurrence. Our purpose is to assess the prognostic value of preoperative serum CA 72.4 to improve the risk stratification of CRC patients. Methods Preoperative sera collected from 71 unselected patients between January 1994 and February 1997 was assayed for CA 72.4 and CEA levels. Patients were followed-up for at least 30 months or until relapse. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic value was determined using Log-Rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results Preoperative CA 72.4 levels above 7 U/mL correlate with a worse prognosis, with associated recurrence and death percentages exceeding the displayed by CEA. In a multivariate analysis, its combination with CEA proved the most important independent factor predicting survival. Remarkably, at stage II CA 72.4 also discriminates better than CEA those patients that will relapse or die from those with a favourable prognosis; however, CEA has not a negligible effect on survival. Conclusions The most outstanding finding of the present work is the correct classification of nearly every patient with bad prognosis (relapse or death) at TNM stage II when CEA and CA 72.4 are used altogether. This could improve the decision-making involved in the treatment of stage II colon cancer. Certainly further large-scale studies must be performed to determine whether CA 72.4 can be effectively used in the clinical setting.
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Torino F, Bonmassar E, Bonmassar L, De Vecchis L, Barnabei A, Zuppi C, Capoluongo E, Aquino A. Circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:759-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Witherspoon M, Chen Q, Kopelovich L, Gross SS, Lipkin SM. Unbiased metabolite profiling indicates that a diminished thymidine pool is the underlying mechanism of colon cancer chemoprevention by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1072-81. [PMID: 23771434 PMCID: PMC3770777 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a highly effective chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer thought to act via polyamine depletion. However, in DFMO-treated patients, mucosal polyamine levels do not directly correlate with colorectal cancer risk. Untargeted metabolite profiling was used to broadly survey DFMO actions on colon cancer cell metabolism. We found that DFMO treatment of Apc(Min) intestinal tumors and human colorectal cancer cells is associated with reduced levels of folate-dependent metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), thymidine pools, and related pathway intermediates. We hypothesized that unrestrained SAM consumption/regeneration constitutes a futile DFMO-triggered cascade that can steal tetrahydrofolate from thymidylate synthase and thereby diminish thymidine pools. In accord with this hypothesis, DFMO treatment altered the folate cofactor balance and thymidine supplementation prevented DFMO-elicited cytostasis without restoring polyamine levels. These findings suggest that thymidine metabolite pool insufficiency is a fundamental mechanism of DFMO cytostatic activity. SIGNIFICANCE A previously unappreciated metabolic linkage between polyamine and thymidine biosynthesis is revealed, based on the competing requirement of these pathways for a limited pool of tetrahydrofolate cofactor. This study identifies the fi rst shared mechanism for colorectal cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy, suggesting a common metabolic target for both premalignant and malignant colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavee Witherspoon
- 1Departments of Medicine, Genetic Medicine and Cell Biology, and 2Pharmacology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York; and 3Division of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several years of research and attempts to develop prognostic models a considerable fraction of stage II colon cancer patients will experience relapse within few years from their operation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic importance of miRNA-21 (miR-21), quantified by in situ hybridisation, in a unique, large population-based cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 764 patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer in Denmark in the year 2003. One section from a representative paraffin-embedded tumour tissue specimen from each patient was processed for analysis of miR-21 and quantitatively assessed by image analysis. RESULTS The miR-21 signal was predominantly observed in fibroblast-like cells located in the stromal compartment of the tumours. We found that patients expressing high levels of miR-21 had significantly inferior recurrence-free cancer-specific survival (RF-CSS): HR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.15-1.60; P<0.001. In Cox regression analysis, a high level of miR-21 retained its prognostic importance and was found to be significantly related to poor RF-CSS: HR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.19-1.67; P<0.001. CONCLUSION The present study showed that increasing miR-21 expression levels were significantly correlated to decreasing RF-CSS. Further investigations of the clinical importance of miR-21 in the selection of high-risk stage II colon cancer patients are merited.
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Integrative marker analysis allows risk assessment for metastasis in stage II colon cancer. Ann Surg 2013; 256:763-71; discussion 771. [PMID: 23095620 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318272de87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individualized risk assessment in patients with UICC stage II colon cancer based on a panel of molecular genetic alterations. BACKGROUND Risk assessment in patients with colon cancer and localized disease (UICC stage II) is not sufficiently reliable. Development of metachronous metastasis is assumed to be governed largely by individual tumor genetics. METHODS Fresh frozen tissue from 232 patients (T3-4, N0, M0) with complete tumor resection and a median follow-up of 97 months was analyzed for microsatellite stability, KRAS exon 2, and BRAF exon 15 mutations. Gene expression of the WNT-pathway surrogate marker osteopontin and the metastasis-associated genes SASH1 and MACC1 was determined for 179 patients. The results were correlated with metachronous distant metastasis risk (n = 22 patients). RESULTS Mutations of KRAS were detected in 30% patients, mutations of BRAF in 15% patients, and microsatellite instability in 26% patients. Risk of recurrence was associated with KRAS mutation (P = 0.033), microsatellite stable tumors (P = 0.015), decreased expression of SASH1 (P = 0.049), and increased expression of MACC1 (P < 0.001). MACC1 was the only independent parameter for recurrence prediction (hazard ratio: 6.2; 95% confidence interval: 2.4-16; P < 0.001). Integrative 2-step cluster analysis allocated patients into 4 groups, according to their tumor genetics. KRAS mutation, BRAF wild type, microsatellite stability, and high MACC1 expression defined the group with the highest risk of recurrence (16%, 7 of 43), whereas BRAF wild type, microsatellite instability, and low MACC1 expression defined the group with the lowest risk (4%, 1 of 26). CONCLUSIONS MACC1 expression predicts development of metastases, outperforming microsatellite stability status, as well as KRAS/BRAF mutation status.
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Molecular Parameters for Prognostic and Predictive Assessment in Colorectal Cancer. Updates Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-2670-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kjaer-Frifeldt S, Fredslund R, Lindebjerg J, Hansen TF, Spindler KLG, Jakobsen A. Prognostic importance of VEGF-A haplotype combinations in a stage II colon cancer population. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:763-70. [PMID: 22594508 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prognostic effect of three VEGF-A SNPs, -2578, -460 and 405, as well as the corresponding haplotype combinations, in a unique population of stage II colon cancer patients. PATIENTS & METHODS The study included all patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer in Denmark in 2003 (698 patients). One paraffin-embedded tissue block from each patient was used for DNA extraction and analysis of the three VEGF SNPs. RESULTS The homozygous genotype VEGF -2578 AA had significant effect on time to tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.01 [95% CI: 1.13-3.56]; p = 0.02) as well as -460TT (HR = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.29-0.89]; p = 0.02). Patients harboring the haplotype combinations ACG,CTC and ACG,ACG displayed a significantly shorter time to tumor recurrence in both univariate (HR = 1.87 [95% CI: 1.21-2.89]; p = 0.008) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.76 [95% CI: 1.09-2.82]; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION We found that the gene polymorphism in VEGF-A holds prognostic information and should be considered as a potential adjunct in identification of high-risk stage II colon cancer patients.
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Marín-Hernández A, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Ruiz-García E, Ruizgodoy-Rivera LM, Meneses-García A, Moreno-Sánchez R. Multi-biomarker pattern for tumor identification and prognosis. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:2703-15. [PMID: 21678471 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In last decades, the basic, clinical, and translational research efforts have been directed to the identification of standard biomarkers associated with the degree of malignancy. There is an increasingly public health concern for earlier detection of cancer development at stages in which successful treatments can be achieved. To meet this urgent clinical demand, early stage cancer biomarkers supported by reliable and robust experimental data that can be readily applicable in the clinical practice, are required. In the current standard protocols, when one or two of the canonical proliferating index biomarkers are analyzed, contradictory results are frequently reached leading to incorrect cancer diagnostic and unsuccessful therapies. Therefore, the identification of other cellular characteristics or signatures present in the tumor cells either alone or in combination with the well-established proliferation markers emerge as an alternative strategy in the improvement of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Because it is well known that several pathways and processes are altered in tumor cells, the concept of "single marker" in cancer results incorrect. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and discuss the proposal that the molecular profile of different genes or proteins in different altered tumor pathways must be established to provide a better global clinical pattern for cancer detection and prognosis.
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Potential agents for cancer and obesity treatment with herbal medicines from the green garden. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kennedy RD, Bylesjo M, Kerr P, Davison T, Black JM, Kay EW, Holt RJ, Proutski V, Ahdesmaki M, Farztdinov V, Goffard N, Hey P, McDyer F, Mulligan K, Mussen J, O'Brien E, Oliver G, Walker SM, Mulligan JM, Wilson C, Winter A, O'Donoghue D, Mulcahy H, O'Sullivan J, Sheahan K, Hyland J, Dhir R, Bathe OF, Winqvist O, Manne U, Shanmugam C, Ramaswamy S, Leon EJ, Smith WI, McDermott U, Wilson RH, Longley D, Marshall J, Cummins R, Sargent DJ, Johnston PG, Harkin DP. Development and independent validation of a prognostic assay for stage II colon cancer using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:4620-6. [PMID: 22067406 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.35.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Current prognostic factors are poor at identifying patients at risk of disease recurrence after surgery for stage II colon cancer. Here we describe a DNA microarray-based prognostic assay using clinically relevant formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS A gene signature was developed from a balanced set of 73 patients with recurrent disease (high risk) and 142 patients with no recurrence (low risk) within 5 years of surgery. RESULTS The 634-probe set signature identified high-risk patients with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.62 (P < .001) during cross validation of the training set. In an independent validation set of 144 samples, the signature identified high-risk patients with an HR of 2.53 (P < .001) for recurrence and an HR of 2.21 (P = .0084) for cancer-related death. Additionally, the signature was shown to perform independently from known prognostic factors (P < .001). CONCLUSION This gene signature represents a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with stage II colon cancer that can be applied to FFPE tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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de Gramont A, de Gramont A, Chibaudel B, Bachet JB, Larsen AK, Tournigand C, Louvet C, André T. From chemotherapy to targeted therapy in adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. Semin Oncol 2011; 38:521-32. [PMID: 21810511 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents a major public health problem due to its frequency and mortality rate. Adjuvant chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of colon cancer. Six months of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine in combination is the standard adjuvant treatment in stage III patients. Ongoing trials are evaluating the optimal duration of chemotherapy. A critical issue, which needs to be specifically addressed, is the role of adjuvant therapy in elderly patients. Preliminary results of trials evaluating targeted therapies in combination with chemotherapy have shown disappointing results. The monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cetuximab, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER1, which improved survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, could even induce chemotherapy resistance in a significant number of patients in the adjuvant setting. A major challenge is emerging to understand the mechanism leading to this effect and to multi-target the tumor cell proliferation and survival network. Clarity regarding the clinical signal needed before launching a phase III study and optimized designs adapted to multiple agents are urgently needed for new trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimery de Gramont
- Service d'Oncologie médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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Buyse M, Michiels S, Sargent DJ, Grothey A, Matheson A, de Gramont A. Integrating biomarkers in clinical trials. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 11:171-82. [PMID: 21405968 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers have a growing role in clinical trials. With the advent of the targeted therapy era, molecular biomarkers in particular are becoming increasingly important within both clinical research and clinical practice. This article focuses on biomarkers that anticipate the prognosis of individual patients ('prognostic' biomarkers) and on biomarkers that predict how individual patients will respond to specific treatments ('predictive' biomarkers, also called 'effect modifiers'). Specific Phase II and III clinical trial designs are discussed in detail for their ability to validate the biomarker and/or to establish the effect of an experimental therapy in patient populations defined by the presence or absence of the biomarker. Contemporary biomarker-based clinical trials in oncology are used as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Buyse
- International Institute for Drug Development, 30 Avenue Provinciale, 1340 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Bibliography. Supportive care. Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:415-6. [PMID: 21654394 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328348d4f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang CJ, Yang SH, Huang SM, Lin CM, Chien CC, Chen YC, Lee CL, Wu HH, Chang CC. A predicted protein, KIAA0247, is a cell cycle modulator in colorectal cancer cells under 5-FU treatment. J Transl Med 2011; 9:82. [PMID: 21619678 PMCID: PMC3126726 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the predominant gastrointestinal malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death. The identification of genes related to CRC is important for the development of successful therapies and earlier diagnosis. METHODS Molecular analysis of feces was evaluated as a potential method for CRC detection. Expression of a predicted protein with unknown function, KIAA0247, was found in feces evaluated using specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Its cellular function was then analyzed using immunofluorescent staining and the changes in the cell cycle in response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were assessed. RESULTS Gastrointestinal tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes ubiquitously expressed KIAA0247. 56 CRC patients fell into two group categories according to fecal KIAA0247 mRNA expression levels. The group with higher fecal KIAA0247 (n=22; ≥0.4897) had a significantly greater five-year overall survival rate than the group with lower fecal KIAA0247 (n = 30; <0.4897) (66.0 ± 11.6%; p=0.035, log-rank test). Fecal expression of KIAA0247 inversely related to CRC tumor size (Kendall's tau-b=-0.202; p=0.047). Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the cytoplasm of CRC cells evenly expresses KIAA0247 without 5-FU treatment, and KIAA0247 accumulates in the nucleus after 40 μM 5-FU treatment. In HCT116 p53(-/-) cells, which lack p53 cell cycle control, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was larger (13%) in KIAA0247-silent cells than in the respective shLuc control (10%) and KIAA0247-overexpressing cells (7%) after the addition of low dose (40 μM) 5-FU. Expression of three cyclin genes (cyclin A2, cyclin B1, and cyclin B2) also downregulated in the cells overexpressing KIAA0247. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of a linkage between KIAA0247 and CRC. The study's data demonstrate overexpression of KIAA0247 associates with 5-FU therapeutic benefits, and also identify the clinical significance of fecal KIAA0247 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Huang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan
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Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) therapies have improved patient outcomes significantly over the last decades in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. With the introduction of a number of novel agents, both traditional chemotherapies and biologically targeted agents, the need to identify subgroups that are likely and not likely to respond to a particular treatment regimen is paramount. This will allow patients who are likely to benefit to receive optimal care, while sparing those unlikely to benefit from unnecessary toxicity and cost. With the identification of several novel biomarkers and a variety of technologies to interrogate the genome, we already are able to rapidly study patient tumor or blood samples and normal tissues to generate a large dataset of aberrations within the cancer. How to digest this complex information to obtain accurate, reliable, and meaningful results that will allow us to provide truly personalized care for CC patients is just starting to be addressed. In this article, we briefly review the history of CC treatment, with an emphasis on current clinical standards that incorporate a "personalized medicine" approach. We then review strategies that will potentially improve our ability to individualize therapy in the future.
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CoFactor: Folate Requirement for Optimization of 5-Fluouracil Activity in Anticancer Chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:934359. [PMID: 21209714 PMCID: PMC3010680 DOI: 10.1155/2010/934359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular reduced folate exists as a "pool" of more than 6 interconvertable forms. One of these forms, 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolic acid (CH(2)THF), is the key one-carbon donor and reduced folate substrate for thymidylate synthase (TS). This pathway has been an important target for chemotherapy as it provides one of the necessary nucleotide substrates for DNA synthesis. The fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) exerts its main cytotoxic activity through TS inhibition. Leucovorin (5-formyltetrahydrofolate; LV) has been used to increase the intracellular reduced folate pools and enhance TS inhibition. However, it must be metabolized within the cell through multiple intracellular enzymatic steps to form CH2THF. CoFactor (USAN fotrexorin calcium, (dl)-5,10,-methylenepteroyl-monoglutamate calcium salt) is a reduced folate that potentiates 5-FU cytotoxicity. According to early clinical trials, when 5-FU is modulated by CoFactor instead of LV, there is greater anti-tumor activity and less toxicity. This review presents the emerging role of CoFactor in colorectal and nongastrointestinal malignancies.
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