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Teng T, Shi H, Fan Y, Guo P, Zhang J, Qiu X, Feng J, Huang H. Metabolic responses to the occurrence and chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer: biomarker identification and prognosis prediction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6938. [PMID: 38521793 PMCID: PMC10960848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most malignant tumor, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is not ideal even in the small number of patients who can undergo radical surgery. As a highly heterogeneous tumor, chemotherapy resistance is a major factor leading to decreased efficacy and postoperative recurrence of pancreatic cancer. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was applied to identify serum metabolic characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and screen the potential biomarkers for its diagnosis. Metabolic changes of patients with different CA19-9 levels during postoperative chemotherapy were also monitored and compared to identify the differential metabolites that may affect the efficacy of chemotherapy. Finally, 19 potential serum biomarkers were screened to serve the diagnosis of PDAC, and significant metabolic differences between the two CA19-9 stratifications of PDAC were involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and citric acid metabolism. Enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways revealed six shared pathways by PDAC and chemotherapy such as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and glycogolysis/gluconeogeneis. The similarity between the metabolic characteristics of PDAC and the metabolic responses to chemotherapy provided a reference for clinical prediction of benefits of postoperative chemotherapy in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Teng
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Han Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanying Fan
- Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Heguang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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2
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Chen K, Cheng X, Xue S, Chen J, Zhang X, Qi Y, Chen R, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li W, Cheng G, Huang Y, Xiong Y, Chen L, Mu C, Gu M. Albumin conjugation promotes arsenic trioxide transport through alkaline phosphatase-associated transcytosis in MUC4 wildtype pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128756. [PMID: 38092098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance and unfavorable drug transportation. Albumin conjugates are commonly used as drug carriers to overcome these obstacles. However, membrane-bound glycoprotein mucin 4 (MUC4) has emerged as a promising biomarker among the genetic mutations affecting albumin conjugates therapeutic window. Human serum albumin-conjugated arsenic trioxide (HSA-ATO) has shown potential in treating solid tumors but is limited in PC therapy due to unclear targets and mechanisms. This study investigated the transport mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of HSA-ATO in PC cells with different MUC4 mutation statuses. Results revealed improved penetration of ATO into PC tumors through conjugated with HSA. However, MUC4 mutation significantly affected treatment sensitivity and HSA-ATO uptake both in vitro and in vivo. Mutant MUC4 cells exhibited over ten times higher IC50 for HSA-ATO and approximately half the uptake compared to wildtype cells. Further research demonstrated that ALPL activation by HSA-ATO enhanced transcytosis in wildtype MUC4 PC cells but not in mutant MUC4 cells, leading to impaired uptake and weaker antitumor effects. Reprogramming the transport process holds potential for enhancing albumin conjugate efficacy in PC patients with different MUC4 mutation statuses, paving the way for stratified treatment using these delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Huzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Shuai Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junyan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuwei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hangjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guilin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liping Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Mancang Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
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3
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Moon HR, Surianarayanan N, Singh T, Han B. Microphysiological systems as reliable drug discovery and evaluation tools: Evolution from innovation to maturity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061504. [PMID: 38162229 PMCID: PMC10756708 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ-on-chip or disease-on-chip, have recently emerged to reconstitute the in vivo cellular microenvironment of various organs and diseases on in vitro platforms. These microfluidics-based platforms are developed to provide reliable drug discovery and regulatory evaluation testbeds. Despite recent emergences and advances of various MPS platforms, their adoption of drug discovery and evaluation processes still lags. This delay is mainly due to a lack of rigorous standards with reproducibility and reliability, and practical difficulties to be adopted in pharmaceutical research and industry settings. This review discusses the current and potential use of MPS platforms in drug discovery processes while considering the context of several key steps during drug discovery processes, including target identification and validation, preclinical evaluation, and clinical trials. Opportunities and challenges are also discussed for the broader dissemination and adoption of MPSs in various drug discovery and regulatory evaluation steps. Addressing these challenges will transform long and expensive drug discovery and evaluation processes into more efficient discovery, screening, and approval of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | - Tarun Singh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel: +1-765-494-5626
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4
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Wang W, Jiang CF, Yin HS, Gao S, Yu BP. Targeting mitochondrial transcription factor A sensitizes pancreatic cancer cell to gemcitabine. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:519-527. [PMID: 37002014 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of pancreatic cancer cells, particularly cancer stem cells which are responsible for tumor relapse, depends on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is critical for the regulation of mitochondrial DNA and thus mitochondrial function. However, the possible involvement of TFAM in pancreatic cancer is unknown. METHODS Human samples were obtained from pancreatic cancers and their adjacent tissues; human pancreatic cell lines were cultured in RPMI1640 medium. TFAM expressions in pancreatic tissues and cultured cells were determined using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effect of TFAM on cell growth, migration, colony formation and apoptosis were evaluated. Mitochondrial biogenesis in pancreatic cancer and normal cells were examined. RESULTS The majority of pancreatic cancer tissues exhibited higher TFAM expression compared to the adjacent counterparts. Consistently, TFAM mRNA and protein levels were higher in pancreatic cancer cell lines than in immortalized normal pancreatic epithelial cells. There was no difference on TFAM level between gemcitabine-sensitive and resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Functional analysis demonstrated that TFAM overexpression activated pancreatic normal and tumor cells whereas TFAM inhibition effectively inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells. TFAM inhibition enhanced gemcitabine's cytotoxicity and suppressed growth, anchorage-independent colony formation and survival of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistic studies showed that TFAM inhibition resulted in remarkable mitochondrial dysfunction and energy crisis followed by oxidative stress. The basal mitochondrial biogenesis level correlated well with TFAM level in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS TFAM played essential roles in pancreatic cancer via regulating mitochondrial functions which highlighted the therapeutic value of inhibiting TFAM to overcome gemcitabine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Chun-Fan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Hai-Sen Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Bao-Ping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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5
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Dong G, Wang Q, Wen M, Xia Z, Zhang S, Gao W, Wang H, Wei G, Wang Y. DDX18 drives tumor immune escape through transcription-activated STAT1 expression in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:3000-3014. [PMID: 37620449 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resists to current treatments due to its inherent tumor heterogeneity, therapy-resistant cancer stem/initiating cells survival, and immune evasion in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, the results show that clinical PDAC and adjacent tissues undergo distinct chromatin remodeling. Multiple omics analysis revealed DEAD-box RNA helicase 18 (DDX18), a carcinogenic gene with similar H3K4me3 profile, is up-regulated and correlates with poor survival in PDAC patients. We validated that DDX18 deposits on the STAT1 promoter region and counteracts H3K27me3 deposition on the STAT1 promoter sequence by modulating the formation of the PRC2 complex to up-regulate the expression of STAT1, which results in the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression, T lymphocyte accumulation and overactivation in the highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive pancreatic TME. DDX18-STAT1 axis inhibition also affects stemness of cancer cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and disrupts the immunosuppressive TME simultaneously, producing sustained remissions of aggressive PDAC by synergizing with anti-PD-L1 therapy. Combining DDX18 inhibition with anti-PD-L1 immunochemotherapy to treat PDAC patients will pave a new way for clinical treatment of patients with PDAC. This study found that clinical PDAC and adjacent pancreatic tissues undergo distinct chromatin remodeling featured by the upregulation of DEAD-box RNA helicase 18 (DDX18). We further validated that DDX18 deposits on the STAT1 promoter region and counteracts H3K27me3 deposition on the STAT1 promoter by modulating the formation of the PRC2 complex to up-regulate the expression of STAT1. DDX18-STAT1 axis enhances the stemness of cancer cells, the upregulation of PD-L1 expression, T lymphocyte accumulation and overactivation in the highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive pancreatic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Dong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Mingxin Wen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhongkun Xia
- Department of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangwei Wei
- Department of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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6
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Vallés-Martí A, Mantini G, Manoukian P, Waasdorp C, Sarasqueta AF, de Goeij-de Haas RR, Henneman AA, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Knol JC, Giovannetti E, Bijlsma MF, Jiménez CR. Phosphoproteomics guides effective low-dose drug combinations against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112581. [PMID: 37269289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a limited set of known driver mutations but considerable cancer cell heterogeneity. Phosphoproteomics provides a readout of aberrant signaling and has the potential to identify new targets and guide treatment decisions. Using two-step sequential phosphopeptide enrichment, we generate a comprehensive phosphoproteome and proteome of nine PDAC cell lines, encompassing more than 20,000 phosphosites on 5,763 phospho-proteins, including 316 protein kinases. By using integrative inferred kinase activity (INKA) scoring, we identify multiple (parallel) activated kinases that are subsequently matched to kinase inhibitors. Compared with high-dose single-drug treatments, INKA-tailored low-dose 3-drug combinations against multiple targets demonstrate superior efficacy against PDAC cell lines, organoid cultures, and patient-derived xenografts. Overall, this approach is particularly more effective against the aggressive mesenchymal PDAC model compared with the epithelial model in both preclinical settings and may contribute to improved treatment outcomes in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vallés-Martí
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Pharmacology Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Pharmacology Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paul Manoukian
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Richard R de Goeij-de Haas
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex A Henneman
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Pharmacology Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jiménez
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Wang J, Wu X, Xu J, Liao Y, Deng M, Wang X, Li J. Differential expression and bioinformatics analysis of exosome circRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101686. [PMID: 37182508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignant tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. Increasing evidence indicated circRNAs were associated with the pathogenesis and progression of tumors, but data on the expression of serum exosomal circRNAs in PDAC are scarce. This study attempted to explore the prognostic value and function of serum exosomes in PDAC patients. METHODS Microarray-based circRNA expression was determined in PDAC and paired with normal serum samples, and the intersection of differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) in serum exosomal samples and GSE79634 tissue samples was conducted. A specific CircRNA database was applied to investigate DECs binding miRNAs. Target genes were predicted using the R package multiMiR. Cox regression analyses were applied for constructing a prognostic model. The immunological characteristics analysis was carried out through the TIMER, QUANTISEQ, XCELL, EPIC, and ssGSEA algorithms. RESULTS 15 DECs were finally identified, and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established. A prognostic risk model was developed to categorize patients according to the risk scores. Furthermore, the association between risk score and immune checkpoint genes including CD80, TNFSF9, CD276, CD274, LGALS9, and CD44 were significantly elevated in the high-risk group, while ICOSLG and ADORA2A were upregulated in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our results may provide new clues for the prognosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Yangjie Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China.
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8
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Palma AM, Vudatha V, Peixoto ML, Madan E. Tumor heterogeneity: An oncogenic driver of PDAC progression and therapy resistance under stress conditions. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:203-249. [PMID: 37268397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a clinically challenging disease usually diagnosed at advanced or metastasized stage. By this year end, there are an expected increase in 62,210 new cases and 49,830 deaths in the United States, with 90% corresponding to PDAC subtype alone. Despite advances in cancer therapy, one of the major challenges combating PDAC remains tumor heterogeneity between PDAC patients and within the primary and metastatic lesions of the same patient. This review describes the PDAC subtypes based on the genomic, transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic signatures observed among patients and within individual tumors. Recent studies in tumor biology suggest PDAC heterogeneity as a major driver of disease progression under conditions of stress including hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, leading to metabolic reprogramming. We therefore advance our understanding in identifying the underlying mechanisms that interfere with the crosstalk between the extracellular matrix components and tumor cells that define the mechanics of tumor growth and metastasis. The bilateral interaction between the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and PDAC cells serves as another important contributor that characterizes the tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing phenotypes providing an opportunity for an effective treatment regime. Furthermore, we highlight the dynamic reciprocating interplay between the stromal and immune cells that impact immune surveillance or immune evasion response and contribute towards a complex process of tumorigenesis. In summary, the review encapsulates the existing knowledge of the currently applied treatments for PDAC with emphasis on tumor heterogeneity, manifesting at multiple levels, impacting disease progression and therapy resistance under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vignesh Vudatha
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Esha Madan
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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9
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Ge W, Yue M, Lin R, Zhou T, Xu H, Wang Y, Mao T, Li S, Wu X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang Y, Xue S, Shentu D, Cui J, Wang L. PLA2G2A + cancer-associated fibroblasts mediate pancreatic cancer immune escape via impeding antitumor immune response of CD8 + cytotoxic T cells. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216095. [PMID: 36796670 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research defined a novel metabolic cancer associated fibroblasts subset (meCAFs) enriched in loose-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and related to CD8+ T cells accumulation. Consistently, the abundance of meCAFs was associated with poor prognosis but better immunotherapy responses in PDAC patients. However, the metabolic characteristic of meCAFs and its cross-talk with CD8+ T cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, we identified PLA2G2A as a marker of meCAFs. In particular, the abundance of PLA2G2A+ meCAFs was positively related to the accumulation of total CD8+ T cells and negatively correlated with clinical outcomes of PDAC patients and infiltration of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. We demonstrated that PLA2G2A+ meCAFs substantially attenuated the antitumor ability of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and facilitated tumor immune escape in PDAC. Mechanistically, PLA2G2A regulated the function of CD8+ T cells as a pivotal soluble mediator via MAPK/Erk and NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study identified the unrecognized role of PLA2G2A+ meCAFs in promoting tumor immune escape by impeding the antitumor immune function of CD8+ T cells, and strongly suggested PLA2G2A as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for immunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ming Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruirong Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Tiebo Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shengbai Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Daiyuan Shentu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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10
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Vudatha V, Herremans KM, Freudenberger DC, Liu C, Trevino JG. In vivo models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:75-112. [PMID: 37268402 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality rate. Within the next decade, PDAC is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-associated death in the United States. Understanding the pathophysiology of PDAC tumorigenesis and metastases is crucial toward developing new therapeutics. One of the challenges in cancer research is generating in vivo models that closely recapitulate the genomic, histological, and clinical characteristics of human tumors. An ideal model for PDAC not only captures the tumor and stromal environment of human disease, but also allows for mutational control and is easy to reproduce in terms of time and cost. In this review, we highlight evolution of in vivo models for PDAC including spontaneous tumors models (i.e., chemical induction, genetic modification, viral delivery), implantation models including patient derived xenografts (PDX), and humanized PDX. We discuss the implementation of each system and evaluate the benefits and shortcomings of these models. Overall, this review provides a broad overview of prior and current techniques of in vivo PDAC modeling and their associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vudatha
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kelly M Herremans
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Devon C Freudenberger
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Christopher Liu
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Division of Surgical Oncology, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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11
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Guo P, Teng T, Liu W, Fang Y, Wei B, Feng J, Huang H. Metabolomic analyses redefine the biological classification of pancreatic cancer and correlate with clinical outcomes. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1835-1846. [PMID: 35830200 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by high heterogeneity, and the postoperative prognosis of different patients often varies greatly. Therefore, the classification of pancreatic cancer patients and precise treatment becomes particularly important. In our study, 1 H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the 76 PDAC serum samples and identify the potential metabolic subtypes. The metabolic characteristics of each metabolic subtype were screened out and the relationship between metabolic subtype and the long-term prognosis was further identified. The clinical stages of PDAC did not show the metabolic differences at the serum metabolomic level. And three metabolic subtypes, basic, choline-like and amino acid-enriched types, were defined by the hierarchical cluster analysis of the serum metabolites and the disturbed metabolic pathways. The characteristic metabolites of each PDAC subtype were identified, and the metabolite model was established to distinguish the PDAC patients in the different subtypes. Among the three metabolic subtypes, choline-like type displayed better long-term prognosis compared to the other two types of patients. Metabolic subtypes are of clinical importance and are closer to expressing the heterogeneity in the actual life activities of pancreatic cancer than molecular typing. The excavation of metabolic subtypes based on this will be more in line with clinical reality and more promising to guide clinical precision individualization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianhong Teng
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wuping Liu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanying Fang
- Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Wei
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Heguang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Huang X, Zhang G, Tang TY, Gao X, Liang TB. Personalized pancreatic cancer therapy: from the perspective of mRNA vaccine. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:53. [PMID: 36224645 PMCID: PMC9556149 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, especially in genetic alteration and microenvironment. Conventional therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer usually suffer resistance, highlighting the necessity for personalized precise treatment. Cancer vaccines have become promising alternatives for pancreatic cancer treatment because of their multifaceted advantages including multiple targeting, minimal nonspecific effects, broad therapeutic window, low toxicity, and induction of persistent immunological memory. Multiple conventional vaccines based on the cells, microorganisms, exosomes, proteins, peptides, or DNA against pancreatic cancer have been developed; however, their overall efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Compared with these vaccine modalities, messager RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines offer technical and conceptional advances in personalized precise treatment, and thus represent a potentially cutting-edge option in novel therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the current progress on pancreatic cancer vaccines, highlights the superiority of mRNA vaccines over other conventional vaccines, and proposes the viable tactic for designing and applying personalized mRNA vaccines for the precise treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tian-Yu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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13
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Taherian M, Wang H, Wang H. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Pathology and Predictive Biomarkers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193068. [PMID: 36231030 PMCID: PMC9563270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely poor prognosis due to the lack of methods or biomarkers for early diagnosis and its resistance to conventional treatment modalities, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. PDACs are a heterogenous group of malignant epithelial neoplasms with various histomorphological patterns and complex, heterogenous genetic/molecular landscapes. The newly proposed molecular classifications of PDAC based on extensive genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenetic data have provided significant insights into the molecular heterogeneity and aggressive biology of this deadly disease. Recent studies characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) have shed light on the dynamic interplays between the tumor cells and the immunosuppressive TME of PDAC, which is essential to disease progression, as well as its resistance to chemotherapy, newly developed targeted therapy and immunotherapy. There is a critical need for the development of predictive markers that can be clinically utilized to select effective personalized therapies for PDAC patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the histological and molecular heterogeneity and subtypes of PDAC, as well as its precursor lesions, immunosuppressive TME, and currently available predictive molecular markers for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Taherian
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-563-1846; Fax: +1-713-563-1848
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14
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Jiang S, Fagman JB, Ma Y, Liu J, Vihav C, Engstrom C, Liu B, Chen C. A comprehensive review of pancreatic cancer and its therapeutic challenges. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7635-7649. [PMID: 36173644 PMCID: PMC9550249 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating and lethal human malignancy with no curable chemo-treatments available thus far. More than 90% of pancreatic tumors are formed from ductal epithelium as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which often accompany with the expression of mutant K-ras. The incidences of pancreatic cancer are expected to increase rapidly worldwide in the near future, due to environmental pollution, obesity epidemics and etc. The dismal prognosis of this malignancy is contributed to its susceptibility to tumor micro-metastasis from inception and the lack of methods to detect precursor lesions at very early stages of the onset until clinical symptoms occur. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have been making promising progresses for discovering markers to determine the subtypes or stages of this malignancy, which allow effectively implementing personalized therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to discuss the existing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and the current state of treatment options with the emphasis on targeting therapeutic approaches. The specific focuses are on the molecular mechanisms of the disease, identifications of drug resistance, establishment of immune escaping mechanisms as well as potential of targeting identified pathways in combinations with existing chemo-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yunyun Ma
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Caroline Vihav
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engstrom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changyan Chen
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Smith C, Zheng W, Dong J, Wang Y, Lai J, Liu X, Yin F. Tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Implications in immunotherapy. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3297-3313. [PMID: 36158269 PMCID: PMC9346457 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. Surgical resection is the only curable treatment option, but it is available for only a small fraction of patients at the time of diagnosis. With current therapeutic regimens, the average 5-year survival rate is less than 10% in pancreatic cancer patients. Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising treatment options for multiple solid tumors of advanced stage. However, its clinical efficacy is suboptimal in most clinical trials on pancreatic cancer. Current studies have suggested that the tumor microenvironment is likely the underlying barrier affecting immunotherapy drug efficacy in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer and the latest advances in immunotherapy on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Smith
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Yaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95825, United States
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
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16
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Huang CC, Liu CY, Huang CJ, Hsu YC, Lien HH, Wong JU, Tai FC, Ku WH, Hung CF, Lin JT, Huang CS, Chiang HS. Deciphering Genetic Alterations of Taiwanese Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma through Targeted Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1579. [PMID: 35163506 PMCID: PMC8835797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the 8th leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwan, and its incidence is increasing. The development of PAC involves successive accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of PAC may facilitate personalized treatment for PAC and identify therapeutic agents. We performed tumor-only next-generation sequencing (NGS) with targeted panels to explore the molecular changes underlying PAC patients in Taiwan. The Ion Torrent Oncomine Comprehensive Panel (OCP) was used for PAC metastatic lesions, and more PAC samples were sequenced with the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hot Spot (CHP) v2 panel. Five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) metastatic PAC specimens were successfully assayed with OCP, and KRAS was the most prevalent alteration, which might contraindicate the use of anti-EGFR therapy. One PAC patient harbored a FGFR2 p. C382R mutation, which might benefit from FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. An additional 38 samples assayed with CHP v2 showed 100 hotspot variants, collapsing to 54 COSMID IDs. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53, KRAS, and PDGFRA (29, 23, 10 hotspot variants), impacting 11, 23, and 10 PAC patients. Highly pathogenic variants, including COSM22413 (PDGFRA, FATHMM predicted score: 0.88), COSM520, COSM521, and COSM518 (KRAS, FATHMM predicted score: 0.98), were reported. By using NGS with targeted panels, somatic mutations with therapeutic potential were identified. The combination of clinical and genetic information is useful for decision making and precise selection of targeted medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cathay General Hospital SiJhih, New Taipei 221, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chun Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Heng-Hui Lien
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (F.-C.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Uei Wong
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei 243, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Chuan Tai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (F.-C.T.)
| | - Wen-Hui Ku
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Taipei Institute of Pathology, Taipei 10374, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Digestive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Shui Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (F.-C.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
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17
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Liu X, Wang W, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yu L, Li R, Guo D, Cai W, Quan X, Wu H, Dai M, Liang Z. Multi-omics analysis of intra-tumoural and inter-tumoural heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e670. [PMID: 35061935 PMCID: PMC8782496 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with the tumour heterogeneity. To explore intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity in PDAC, we analysed the multi-omics profiles of 61 PDAC lesion samples, along with the matched pancreatic normal tissue samples, from 19 PDAC patients. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining revealed that diversely differentiated lesions coexisted both within and across individual tumours. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of samples from multi-region revealed diverse types of mutations in diverse genes between cancer cells within a tumour and between tumours from different individuals. The copy number variation (CNV) analysis also showed that PDAC exhibited intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity in CNV and that high average CNV burden was associated poor prognosis of the patients. Phylogenetic tree analysis and clonality/timing analysis of mutations displayed diverse evolutionary pathways and spatiotemporal characteristics of genomic alterations between different lesions from the same or different tumours. Hierarchical clustering analysis illustrated higher inter-tumoural heterogeneity than intra-tumoural heterogeneity of PDAC at the transcriptional levels as lesions from the same patients are grouped into a single cluster. Immune marker genes are differentially expressed in different regions and tumour samples as shown by tumour microenvironment (TME) analysis. TME appeared to be more heterogeneous than tumour cells in the same patient. Lesion-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq). Furthermore, the integration analysis of multi-omics data showed that the mRNA levels of some genes, such as PLCB4, were significantly correlated with the gene copy numbers. The mRNA expressions of potential PDAC biomarkers ZNF521 and KDM6A were correlated with copy number alteration and methylation, respectively. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive view of molecular heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectories of PDAC and may guide personalised treatment strategies in PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital (Qingdao)Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoding Liu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lianyuan Yu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ruiyu Li
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Dan Guo
- Clinical BiobankMedical Research CentrePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Weijing Cai
- Shanghai Tongshu Biotechnology Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Xueping Quan
- Shanghai Tongshu Biotechnology Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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18
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Cortesi M, Zanoni M, Pirini F, Tumedei MM, Ravaioli S, Rapposelli IG, Frassineti GL, Bravaccini S. Pancreatic Cancer and Cellular Senescence: Tumor Microenvironment under the Spotlight. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010254. [PMID: 35008679 PMCID: PMC8745092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers due to its late manifestation and resistance to current therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the malignant behavior of this cancer is mainly influenced by the associated strongly immunosuppressive, desmoplastic microenvironment and by the relatively low mutational burden. PDAC develops and progresses through a multi-step process. Early in tumorigenesis, cancer cells must evade the effects of cellular senescence, which slows proliferation and promotes the immune-mediated elimination of pre-malignant cells. The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor has been well-established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel pro-tumorigenic paracrine functions of senescent cells towards their microenvironment. Understanding the interactions between tumors and their microenvironment is a growing research field, with evidence having been provided that non-tumoral cells composing the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence tumor proliferation, metabolism, cell death, and therapeutic resistance. Simultaneously, cancer cells shape a tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive environment, influencing both non-tumoral neighboring and distant cells. The overall intention of this review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between senescent and non-senescent cell types and to describe how such interplay may have an impact on PDAC progression. Specifically, the effects and the molecular changes occurring in non-cancerous cells during senescence, and how these may contribute to a tumor-permissive microenvironment, will be discussed. Finally, senescence targeting strategies will be briefly introduced, highlighting their potential in the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
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19
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Molecular Targeted Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246164. [PMID: 34944781 PMCID: PMC8699493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, mainly due to difficulty in early detection of the disease by current imaging modalities. In this review, we discuss the more specific diagnostic imaging modality that evaluates the presence of specific tumour tracers via positron emission tomography. In addition, we review the available therapeutic applications of these tumour-specific tracers. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an inauspicious prognosis, mainly due to difficulty in early detection of the disease by the current imaging modalities. The upcoming development of tumour-specific tracers provides an alternative solution for more accurate diagnostic imaging techniques for staging and therapy response monitoring. The future goal to strive for, in a patient with PDAC, should definitely be first to receive a diagnostic dose of an antibody labelled with a radionuclide and to subsequently receive a therapeutic dose of the same labelled antibody with curative intent. In the first part of this paper, we summarise the available evidence on tumour-targeted diagnostic tracers for molecular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that have been tested in humans, together with their clinical indications. Tracers such as radiolabelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)—in particular, 18F-labelled PSMA—already validated and successfully implemented in clinical practice for prostate cancer, also seem promising for PDAC. In the second part, we discuss the theranostic applications of these tumour-specific tracers. Although targeted radionuclide therapy is still in its infancy, lessons can already be learned from early publications focusing on dose fractioning and adding a radiosensitiser, such as gemcitabine.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Li X. GNG7 and ADCY1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma through bioinformatic-based analyses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20441. [PMID: 34650124 PMCID: PMC8516928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors in the world. The GSE55643 and GSE15471 microarray datasets were downloaded to screen the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PAAD. 143 downregulated genes and 118 upregulated genes were obtained. Next, we performed gene ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on these genes and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We screened out two important clusters of genes, including 13 upregulated and 5 downregulated genes. After the survival analysis, 3 downregulated genes and 10 upregulated genes were identified as the selected key genes. The KEGG analysis on 13 selected genes showed that GNG7 and ADCY1 enriched in the Pathway in Cancer. Next, the diagnostic and prognostic value of GNG7 and ADCY1 was investigated using independent cohort of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE84129 and GSE62452. We observed that the expression of the GNG7 and ADCY1 was decreased in PAAD. The diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the GNG7 and ADCY1 could serve as sensitive diagnostic markers in PAAD. Survival analysis suggested that expression of GNG7, ADCY1 were significantly associated with PAAD overall survival (OS). The multivariate cox regression analysis showed that the expression of GNG7, ADCY1 were independent risk factors for PAAD OS. Our study indicated GNG7 and ADCY1 may be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated To Nanchang University, No. 92 The Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinran Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated To Nanchang University, No. 92 The Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated To Nanchang University, No. 92 The Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated To Nanchang University, No. 92 The Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Gutiérrez ML, Muñoz-Bellvís L, Orfao A. Genomic Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Clinical Impact. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4451. [PMID: 34503261 PMCID: PMC8430663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death due to limited advances in recent years in early diagnosis and personalized therapy capable of overcoming tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In the last decades, significant advances have been achieved in the identification of recurrent genetic and molecular alterations of PDAC including those involving the KRAS, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and TP53 driver genes. Despite these common genetic traits, PDAC are highly heterogeneous tumors at both the inter- and intra-tumoral genomic level, which might contribute to distinct tumor behavior and response to therapy, with variable patient outcomes. Despite this, genetic and genomic data on PDAC has had a limited impact on the clinical management of patients. Integration of genomic data for classification of PDAC into clinically defined entities-i.e., classical vs. squamous subtypes of PDAC-leading to different treatment approaches has the potential for significantly improving patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the most relevant genomic subtypes of PDAC including the impact of distinct patterns of intra-tumoral genomic heterogeneity on the classification and clinical and therapeutic management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Bellvís
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Koikawa K, Kibe S, Suizu F, Sekino N, Kim N, Manz TD, Pinch BJ, Akshinthala D, Verma A, Gaglia G, Nezu Y, Ke S, Qiu C, Ohuchida K, Oda Y, Lee TH, Wegiel B, Clohessy JG, London N, Santagata S, Wulf GM, Hidalgo M, Muthuswamy SK, Nakamura M, Gray NS, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Targeting Pin1 renders pancreatic cancer eradicable by synergizing with immunochemotherapy. Cell 2021; 184:4753-4771.e27. [PMID: 34388391 PMCID: PMC8557351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by notorious resistance to current therapies attributed to inherent tumor heterogeneity and highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unique proline isomerase Pin1 regulates multiple cancer pathways, but its role in the TME and cancer immunotherapy is unknown. Here, we find that Pin1 is overexpressed both in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and correlates with poor survival in PDAC patients. Targeting Pin1 using clinically available drugs induces complete elimination or sustained remissions of aggressive PDAC by synergizing with anti-PD-1 and gemcitabine in diverse model systems. Mechanistically, Pin1 drives the desmoplastic and immunosuppressive TME by acting on CAFs and induces lysosomal degradation of the PD-1 ligand PD-L1 and the gemcitabine transporter ENT1 in cancer cells, besides activating multiple cancer pathways. Thus, Pin1 inhibition simultaneously blocks multiple cancer pathways, disrupts the desmoplastic and immunosuppressive TME, and upregulates PD-L1 and ENT1, rendering PDAC eradicable by immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shin Kibe
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Sekino
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Theresa D Manz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benika J Pinch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipikaa Akshinthala
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana Verma
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgio Gaglia
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yutaka Nezu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shizhong Ke
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Babara Wegiel
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nir London
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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23
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Liu J, Chen C, Wei T, Gayet O, Loncle C, Borge L, Dusetti N, Ma X, Marson D, Laurini E, Pricl S, Gu Z, Iovanna J, Peng L, Liang X. Dendrimeric nanosystem consistently circumvents heterogeneous drug response and resistance in pancreatic cancer. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2021; 1:21-34. [PMID: 37366462 PMCID: PMC10291567 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer with no efficacious treatment. The application of nanomedicine is expected to bring new hope to PDAC treatment. In this study, we report a novel supramolecular dendrimeric nanosystem carrying the anticancer drug doxorubicin, which demonstrated potent anticancer activity, markedly overcoming the heterogeneity of drug response and resistance of primary cultured tumor cells derived from PDAC patients. This dendrimer nanodrug was constructed with a fluorinated amphiphilic dendrimer, which self-assembled into micelles nanostructure and encapsulated doxorubicin with high loading. Because of the fine nanosize, stable formulation and acid-promoted drug release, this dendrimeric nanosystem effectively accumulated in tumor, with deep penetration in tumor tissue and rapid drug uptake/release profile in cells, ultimately resulting in potent anticancer activity and complete suppression of tumor growth in patient-derived xenografts. Most importantly, this dendrimer nanodrug generated uniform and effective response when treating 35 primary pancreatic cancer cell lines issued from patient samples as a robust platform for preclinical drug efficacy testing. In addition, this dendrimer nanodrug formulation was devoid of adverse effects and showed excellent tolerability. Given all these uniquely advantageous features, this simple and convenient dendrimer nanodrug holds great promise as a potential candidate to treat the deadly PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le CancerAix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chao Chen
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le CancerAix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Tuo Wei
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le CancerAix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, UMR1068MarseilleFrance
| | - Céline Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, UMR1068MarseilleFrance
| | - Laurence Borge
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, UMR1068MarseilleFrance
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, UMR1068MarseilleFrance
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEAUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEAUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEAUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, UMR1068MarseilleFrance
| | - Ling Peng
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le CancerAix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Xing‐Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Liu XS, Gao Y, Liu C, Chen XQ, Zhou LM, Yang JW, Kui XY, Pei ZJ. Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic and Immune Infiltrates for E2F Transcription Factors in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606735. [PMID: 33604289 PMCID: PMC7884810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) are a group of genes encoding a family of transcription factors in higher eukaryotes. They are involved in a variety of cellular functions and are up-regulated in many tissues and organs. However, the expression level, genetic variation, molecular mechanism, and biological function of different E2Fs in PAAD and its relationship with the prognosis and immune infiltration in patients with PAAD have not been fully elucidated. Methods In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression level, genetic variation, prognostic value and gene–gene interaction network of E2Fs in PAAD using the Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, STRING and Metascape database. Then, the relationship between E2Fs expression and tumor immune invasion was studied by using the TIMER database. Finally, we confirmed the expression of E2Fs in PAAD by IHC. Results The transcription levels of E2F1/3/5/8 are obviously up-regulated in PAAD and the high expression of E2F2/3/6/8 was apparently associated with the tumor stage of patients with PAAD. The abnormal expression of E2F1/2/3/4/5/7/8 in PAAD patients is related to the clinical outcome of PAAD patients. We also found that PAAD tissues have higher expression levels of E2F1/3/5/8 compared with adjacent normal tissues. The function of E2Fs and its neighboring genes is mainly related to the transcription initiation of the RNA polymerase II promoter. The functions of E2Fs and its neighboring proteins are mainly related to cell cycle, virus carcinogenesis, FoxO signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, transcriptional disorders in cancer and Wnt signaling pathway. We also found that the expression of E2Fs was significantly correlated with immune infiltrates, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Conclusions Our study may provide new insights into the choice of immunotherapy targets and prognostic biomarkers in PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xue-Qin Chen
- School of Graduate, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lu-Meng Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jian-Wei Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xue-Yan Kui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Pei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, China
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25
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Robinson CM, Talty A, Logue SE, Mnich K, Gorman AM, Samali A. An Emerging Role for the Unfolded Protein Response in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020261. [PMID: 33445669 PMCID: PMC7828145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths in the world. It is characterised by dismal response rates to conventional therapies. A major challenge in treatment strategies for PDAC is the presence of a dense stroma that surrounds the tumour cells, shielding them from treatment. This unique tumour microenvironment is fuelled by paracrine signalling between pancreatic cancer cells and supporting stromal cell types including the pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). While our molecular understanding of PDAC is improving, there remains a vital need to develop effective, targeted treatments. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an elaborate signalling network that governs the cellular response to perturbed protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. There is growing evidence that the UPR is constitutively active in PDAC and may contribute to the disease progression and the acquisition of resistance to therapy. Given the importance of the tumour microenvironment and cytokine signalling in PDAC, and an emerging role for the UPR in shaping the tumour microenvironment and in the regulation of cytokines in other cancer types, this review explores the importance of the UPR in PDAC biology and its potential as a therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Robinson
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (C.M.R.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Aaron Talty
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (C.M.R.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Susan E. Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (C.M.R.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Adrienne M. Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (C.M.R.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (C.M.R.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (A.M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Moon HR, Ozcelikkale A, Yang Y, Elzey BD, Konieczny SF, Han B. An engineered pancreatic cancer model with intra-tumoral heterogeneity of driver mutations. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3720-3732. [PMID: 32909573 PMCID: PMC9178523 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00707b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex disease with significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH). Currently, no reliable PDAC tumor model is available that can present ITH profiles in a controlled manner. We develop an in vitro microfluidic tumor model mimicking the heterogeneous accumulation of key driver mutations of human PDAC using cancer cells derived from genetically engineered mouse models. These murine pancreatic cancer cell lines have KPC (Kras and Trp53 mutations) and KIC genotypes (Kras mutation and Cdkn2a deletion). Also, the KIC genotypes have two distinct phenotypes - mesenchymal or epithelial. The tumor model mimics the ITH of human PDAC to study the effects of ITH on the gemcitabine response. The results show gemcitabine resistance induced by ITH. Remarkably, it shows that cancer cell-cell interactions induce the gemcitabine resistance potentially through epithelial-mesenchymal-transition. The tumor model can provide a useful testbed to study interaction mechanisms between heterogeneous cancer cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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27
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Lin Y, Zhang J, Cao H. Identification of genomic alterations and associated transcriptomic profiling reveal the prognostic significance of MMP14 and PKM2 in patients with pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18676-18692. [PMID: 32950968 PMCID: PMC7585111 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by multiple genomic alterations, including KRAS mutations, TP53 mutations and CDKN2A deletion. However, the prognostic relevance of those genomic alterations and associated transcriptomic profiling in pancreatic cancer are unclear. Integrated analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed that KRAS mutation, TP53 mutation and CDKN2A deletion were all bad prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer. And KRAS mutation, TP53 mutation and CDKN2A deletion were coordinated and co-occurred in pancreatic cancer. Transcriptomic analysis showed that MMP14 and PKM2 were both up-regulated by KRAS mutation, TP53 mutation or CDKN2A deletion. Also, MMP14 and PKM2 were both associated with unfavorable outcomes in pancreatic cancer. Compared with normal tissues, MMP14 and PKM2 were up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissues. Moreover, MMP14 and PKM2 were highly expressed in high grade of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, MMP14 and PKM2 were correlated with each other, and the combination of MMP14 and PKM2 could be used as better prognostic markers than MMP14 or PKM2 alone. At last, the high expression and bad prognostic effects of MMP14 and PKM2 in pancreatic cancer were validated using tissue microarray. Overall, the genomic alterations and associated transcriptomic profiling analysis suggested new prognostic makers of MMP14 and PKM2 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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28
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Pancreatic cancer drug-sensitivity predicted by synergy of p53-Activator Wnt Inhibitor-2 (PAWI-2) and protein biomarker expression. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:131-141. [PMID: 32915418 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Today, pancreatic cancer (PC) is a major health problem in the United States. It remains a challenge to develop efficacious clinically useful PC therapies. New avenues, based on translational approaches and innovative validated biomarkers could be a preclinical option to evaluate PC drug candidates or drug combinations before clinical trials. Herein, we describe evaluation of combination therapies by incorporating a novel pathway modulator, p53-Activator Wnt Inhibitor-2 (PAWI-2) with other FDA-approved cancer drugs that have been used in PC clinical trials. PAWI-2 is a potent inhibitor of drug-resistant PC cells that has been shown to selectively ameliorate human pancreatic cancer stem cells (i.e., hPCSCs, FGβ3 cells). In the present study, we showed PAWI-2 produced therapeutic synergism with certain types of anti-cancer drugs. These drugs themselves oftentimes do not ameliorate PC cells (especially PCSCs) due to high levels of drug-resistance. PAWI-2 has the ability to rescue the potency of drugs (i.e., erlotinib, trametinib) and inhibit PC cell growth. Key molecular regulators of PAWI-2 could be used to predict synergistic/antagonistic effects between PAWI-2 and other anti-cancer drugs. Anti-cancer results showed potency could be quite accurately correlated to phosphorylation of optineurin (OPTN) in PC cells. Synergism/antagonism was also associated with inhibition of PCSC marker SOX2 that was observed in FGβ3 cells. Synergism broadens the potential use of PAWI-2 as an adjunct chemotherapy in patients with PC that have developed resistance to first-line targeted therapies or chemotherapies.
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29
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Lv S, Zhang G, Xie L, Yan Z, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Han Y, Li H, Du Y, Yang Y, Guo X. High TXLNA Expression Predicts Favourable Outcome for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2585862. [PMID: 32185195 PMCID: PMC7060861 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2585862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TXLNA (taxilin alpha), a binding partner of the syntaxin family, was identified as a key factor in the coordination of intracellular vesicle trafficking and highly expressed in various tumor cells. However, the accurate relation between TXLNA and tumorigenesis and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is still unclear. The present study was designed to examine the expression profile of TXLNA and explore its prognostic significance in PAAD patients and the possible molecular regulatory mechanism by analyzing a series of data from databases, including GEPIA, LOGpc, STRING, and GeneMANIA. The results indicate that TXLNA mRNA and protein were remarkably increased in PAAD tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues. The high TXLNA expression was significantly correlated with superior overall survival (OS), disease-free interval (DFI), disease specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) for PAAD patients. In summary, high TXLNA expression could predict favourable OS, DFI, DSS, and PFI for PAAD patients, and it might be as potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Lv
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guosen Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhongyi Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaowu Du
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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30
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Sarantis P, Koustas E, Papadimitropoulou A, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Treatment hurdles, tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:173-181. [PMID: 32104548 PMCID: PMC7031151 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases, with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Unfortunately, the majority of patients have unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation have not been shown to significantly improve survival. Recently, there has been a swift increase in cancer treatments that incorporate immunotherapy-based strategies to target all the stepwise events required for tumor initiation and progression. The results in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma are very encouraging. Unfortunately, the application of checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, in pancreatic cancer has been disappointing. Many studies have revealed that the PDAC microenvironment supports tumor growth, promotes metastasis and consists of a physical barrier to drug delivery. Combination therapies hold great promise for enhancing immune responses to achieve a better therapeutic effect. In this review, we provide an outline of why pancreatic cancer is so lethal and of the treatment hurdles that exist. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the tumor microenvironment, and some of the latest and most promising studies on immunotherapy in PDAC are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, “Laiko” General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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31
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Oyama H, Tada M, Takagi K, Tateishi K, Hamada T, Nakai Y, Hakuta R, Ijichi H, Ishigaki K, Kanai S, Kogure H, Mizuno S, Saito K, Saito T, Sato T, Suzuki T, Takahara N, Morishita Y, Arita J, Hasegawa K, Tanaka M, Fukayama M, Koike K. Long-term Risk of Malignancy in Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:226-237.e5. [PMID: 31473224 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long-term outcomes of patients with branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), particularly those after 5 years of surveillance, have not been fully evaluated in large studies. We analyzed incidences of IPMN-derived carcinoma and concomitant ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC]) over 20 years in a large population of patients. METHODS We identified 1404 consecutive patients (52% women; mean age, 67.5 years) with a diagnosis of branch-duct IPMN, from 1994 through 2017, at the University of Tokyo in Japan. Using a competing risk analysis, we estimated cumulative incidence of pancreatic carcinoma, overall and by carcinoma type. We used competing risks proportional hazards models to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) for incidences of carcinomas. To differentiate IPMN-derived and concomitant carcinomas, we collected genomic DNA from available paired samples of IPMNs and carcinomas and detected mutations in GNAS and KRAS by polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing. RESULTS During 9231 person-years of follow-up, we identified 68 patients with pancreatic carcinomas (38 patients with IPMN-derived carcinomas and 30 patients with concomitant PDACs); the overall incidence rates were 3.3%, 6.6%, and 15.0% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Among 804 patients followed more than 5 years, overall cumulative incidence rates of pancreatic carcinoma were 3.5% at 10 years and 12.0% at 15 years from the initial diagnosis. The size of the IPMN and the diameter of the main pancreatic duct associated with incidence of IPMN-derived carcinoma (SHR 1.85; 95% confidence interval 1.38-2.48 for a 10-mm increase in the IPMN size and SHR 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.33-1.83 for a 1-mm increase in the main pancreatic duct diameter) but not with incidence of concomitant PDAC. CONCLUSIONS In a large long-term study of patients with branch-duct IPMNs, we found the 5-year incidence rate of pancreatic malignancy to be 3.3%, reaching 15.0% at 15 years after IPMN diagnosis. We observed heterogeneous risk factor profiles between IPMN-derived and concomitant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Hakuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ijichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunaga Ishigaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kogure
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naminatsu Takahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Zhou Q, Andersson R, Hu D, Bauden M, Sasor A, Bygott T, PawŁowski K, Pla I, Marko-Varga G, Ansari D. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 is upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and confers a poor prognosis. Transl Res 2019; 212:67-79. [PMID: 31295437 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy that carries a high mortality rate. A major contributor to the poor outcome is the lack of effective molecular markers. The purpose of this study was to develop protein markers for improved prognostication and noninvasive diagnosis. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based discovery approach was applied to pancreatic cancer tissues and healthy pancreas. In the verification phase, extracellular proteins with differential expression were further quantified in targeted mode using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Next, a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort including 140 pancreatic cancer resection specimens was constructed, in order to validate protein expression status and investigate potential prognostic implications. The levels of protein candidates were finally assessed in a prospective series of 110 serum samples in an accredited clinical laboratory using the automated Cobas system. Protein sequencing with nanoliquid chromatography tandem MS (nano-LC-MS/MS) and targeted PRM identified alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (AGP1) as an upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue. Using TMA and immunohistochemistry, AGP1 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.30-3.79, P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis confirmed the results (HR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.08-3.24, P = 0.026). Circulating levels of AGP1 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.837 for the discrimination of resectable pancreatic cancer from healthy controls. Combining AGP1 with CA 19-9 enhanced the diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.963. This study suggests that AGP1 is a novel prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer tissue. Serum AGP1 levels may be useful as part of a biomarker panel for early detection of pancreatic cancer but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dingyuan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Bauden
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Labmedicin Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Krzysztof PawŁowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Indira Pla
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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33
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Rice A, Del Rio Hernandez A. The Mutational Landscape of Pancreatic and Liver Cancers, as Represented by Circulating Tumor DNA. Front Oncol 2019; 9:952. [PMID: 31608239 PMCID: PMC6769086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutational landscapes of pancreatic and liver cancers share many common genetic alterations which drive cancer progression. However, these mutations do not occur in all cases of these diseases, and this tumoral heterogeneity impedes diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic development. One minimally invasive method for the evaluation of tumor mutations is the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), released through apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion by tumor cells into various body fluids. By observing mutations in those genes which promote transformation by controlling the cell cycle and oncogenic signaling pathways, a representation of the mutational profile of the tumor is revealed. The analysis of ctDNA is a promising technique for investigating these two gastrointestinal cancers, as many studies have reported on the accuracy of ctDNA assessment for diagnosis and prognosis using a variety of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Del Rio Hernandez
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Panda A, Garg I, Johnson GB, Truty MJ, Halfdanarson TR, Goenka AH. Molecular radionuclide imaging of pancreatic neoplasms. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:559-570. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Song X, Chen H, Zhang C, Yu Y, Chen Z, Liang H, Van Buren G, McElhany AL, Fisher WE, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW, Wang J. SRC-3 inhibition blocks tumor growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 442:310-319. [PMID: 30423406 PMCID: PMC6311429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant and lethal disease with few treatment options. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as NCOA3, AIB1, pCIP, ACTR, RAC3, TRAM1) sits at the nexus of many growth signaling pathways and has been pursued as a therapeutic target for breast, prostate and lung cancers. In this study, we find that SRC-3 is overexpressed in PDAC and inversely correlates with patient overall survival. Knockdown of SRC-3 reduces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Additionally, inhibition of SRC-3 using either shRNA or a small molecule inhibitor can significantly inhibit tumor growth in orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models. Collectively, this study establishes SRC-3 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNAi Therapeutics
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhou Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy L McElhany
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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36
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Kuo TL, Cheng KH, Shan YS, Chen LT, Hung WC. β-catenin-activated autocrine PDGF/Src signaling is a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:324-336. [PMID: 30809277 PMCID: PMC6376185 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
K-ras mutation and p53 loss are the most prevalent genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer. In addition to these two alterations, pancreatic tumors frequently contain a third genetic defect. Mutations in the WNT/ß-catenin signaling molecules occur in 15-20% of pancreatic cancer patients and co-exist with K-ras mutation and p53 loss. However, the contribution of the WNT/ß-catenin pathway in pancreatic tumorigenesis is still unclear. Methods: We generated Pdx1-CreKrasG12Dp53L/+APCL/+ (KPA) mice and compared their phenotypes with Pdx1-CreKrasG12Dp53L/+ (KPC) mice. The signaling pathways specifically activated in the KPA mice were investigated and the therapeutic effect by targeting the activated pathways was evaluated. We finally validated our findings in human blood and tumor samples. Results: Survival of the KPA mice was shorter than that of the KPC mice. The KPA cancer cells are highly invasive and exhibit distorted morphology in organoid culture with extensive invadopodia formation and elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway is upregulated in the KPA cancer cells, and PDGF production induced by ß-catenin triggers constitutive activation of the Src kinase via the PDGF receptor in the cells. Serum PDGF concentration of the KPA mice is much higher than that of the normal and KPC mice. The Src inhibitor dasatinib effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of the KPA cancer cells. Patient's serum PDGF level is significantly correlated with the expression of PDGF and phosphor-Src in tumors and elevated PDGF/phosphor-Src level in tumors predicts increased recurrence and poor survival. Moreover, mutations of the WNT/ß-catenin signaling molecules are higher in patients with elevated PDGF/phosphor-Src level. Conclusion: ß-catenin activation, coupled with K-ras mutation and p53 loss, activates an autocrine PDGF/Src signaling in pancreatic cancer and defines a subset of patients who might be sensitive to Src inhibition. In addition, serum PDGF level could be a reliable biomarker for patient selection in clinic.
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Fan J, Wei Q, Koay EJ, Liu Y, Ning B, Bernard PW, Zhang N, Han H, Katz MH, Zhao Z, Hu Y. Chemoresistance Transmission via Exosome-Mediated EphA2 Transfer in Pancreatic Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5986-5994. [PMID: 30613276 PMCID: PMC6299429 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by most cells that are found in blood and other bodily fluids, and which contain cytoplasmic material and membrane factors corresponding to their cell type of origin. Exosome membrane factors and contents have been reported to alter adjacent and distant cell behavior in multiple studies, but the impact of cancer-derived exosomes on chemoresistance is less clear. Methods: Exosomes isolated from three pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines displaying variable gemcitabine (GEM) resistance (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3) were tested for their capacity to transmit chemoresistance among these cell lines. Comparative proteomics was performed to identify key exosomal proteins that conferred chemoresistance. Cell survival was assessed in GEM responsive PC cell lines treated with recombinant Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), a candidate chemoresistance transfer factor, or exosomes from a chemoresistant PC cell line treated with or without EphA2 shRNA. Results: Exosomes from chemoresistant PANC-1 cells increased the GEM resistance of MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cell cultures. Comparative proteomics determined that PANC-1 exosomes overexpressed Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) versus exosomes of less chemoresistant PC cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3. EphA2-knockdown in PANC-1 cells inhibited their ability to transmit exosome-mediated chemoresistance to MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3, while treatment of MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells with soluble EphA2 did not promote chemoresistance, indicating that membrane carried EphA2 was important for the EphA2 chemoresistance effect. Conclusion: Exosomal EphA2 expression could transmit chemoresistance and may potentially serve as a minimally-invasive predictive biomarker for PC treatment response. Further work should address whether additional exosomal factors regulate resistance to other cancer therapeutic agents for PC or other cancer types.
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38
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Wu B, Wang K, Fei J, Bao Y, Wang X, Song Z, Chen F, Gao J, Zhong Z. Novel three‑lncRNA signature predicts survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3427-3437. [PMID: 30542694 PMCID: PMC6196600 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence confirms that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in biological processes by regulating gene expression at multiple levels. Dysregulated lncRNAs may be potential prognostic biomarkers or targets for the development of cancer treatments. However, the prognostic role of an lncRNA signature in pancreatic cancer has not been investigated. Pancreatic cancer lncRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed in the current study. The prognostic value of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was evaluated via the Kaplan-Meier method. A risk score model was established based on the potential prognostic lncRNAs. The biological functions of lncRNAs were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. Then, an lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was established and predicted the function of the lncRNAs. Seven DElncRNAs that were significantly associated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer were identified. Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups using a risk score based on a three-lncRNA signature. There was a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (median OS 1.33 vs. 3.65 years; log-rank test, P=0.0000). Cox regression analysis and ROC curves demonstrated that the three-lncRNA signature may be an effective independent prognostic biomarker in patients with pancreatic. The functional enrichment analysis showed that lncRNA AL137789.1, one component of the three-lncRNA signature, may be associated with tumor immune responses. In the present study, a novel three-lncRNA signature that was established that may be useful in predicting survival among patients with pancreatic cancer. These lncRNAs may be involved in tumor immunity and thus affect the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Janguo Fei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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Debeljak M, Noë M, Riel SL, Haley LM, Norris AL, Anderson DA, Adams EM, Suenaga M, Beierl KF, Lin MT, Goggins MG, Gocke CD, Eshleman JR. Validation Strategy for Ultrasensitive Mutation Detection. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:603-611. [PMID: 29974360 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasensitive detection of low-abundance DNA point mutations is a challenging molecular biology problem, because nearly identical mutant and wild-type molecules exhibit crosstalk. Reliable ultrasensitive point mutation detection will facilitate early detection of cancer and therapeutic monitoring of cancer patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a method to correct errors in low-level cell line mixes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested sample mixes with digital-droplet PCR (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS We introduced two corrections: baseline variant allele frequency (VAF) in the parental cell line was used to correct for copy number variation; and haplotype counting was used to correct errors in cell counting and pipetting. We found ddPCR to have better correlation for detecting low-level mutations without applying any correction (R2 = 0.80) and be more linear after introducing both corrections (R2 = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS The VAF correction was found to be more significant than haplotype correction. It is imperative that various technologies be evaluated against each other and laboratories be provided with defined quality control samples for proficiency testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Debeljak
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Noë
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stacy L Riel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Haley
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis L Norris
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek A Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily M Adams
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masaya Suenaga
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie F Beierl
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Tseh Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CRB II, Room 344, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christopher D Gocke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CRB II, Room 344, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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40
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Torres C, Grippo PJ. Pancreatic cancer subtypes: a roadmap for precision medicine. Ann Med 2018; 50:277-287. [PMID: 29537309 PMCID: PMC6151873 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1453168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second cause of cancer-related deaths by 2020. Although it has traditionally been approached as a disease, accumulated evidences point to the clinical heterogeneity of this disease, which translate into disparity in outcomes among the patients. Much emphasis has been put into patient classification introducing a platform for more tailored therapies. In the last 10 years, there have been important advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PDAC, which has culminated with a comprehensive integrated genomic analysis from RNA expression profiles. Bailey et al. defined four subtypes and the different transcriptional networks underlying them. Firstly, we briefly describe and compare different subtyping approaches, which are mostly based on tissue mRNA expression analysis. We propose that these latest approaches to disease classification embrace not only those patients that are surgically resectable (20%), but even patients ineligible for surgery. Such considerations will include possible reclassification of these specific subtypes, enabling more personalized diagnosis and individualized treatment. The ultimate goal of this review is to identify current challenges in this area and summarize current efforts in developing clinical modalities that can effectively identify these subtypes in order to advance Precision Medicine. KEY MESSAGES • Pancreatic cancer can no longer be considered as one disease. • The heterogeneity underlying pancreatic cancer patients makes therapeutic options based on one-size-fits-all approach ineffective. • Identifying patients that could benefit from a specific treatment would help to avoid futile therapy approaches and to improve outcomes and quality of life of those whose long-term survival is unpromising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres
- a Department of Medicine , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Paul J Grippo
- a Department of Medicine , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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41
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Grassi E, Durante S, Astolfi A, Tarantino G, Indio V, Freier E, Vecchiarelli S, Ricci C, Casadei R, Formica F, Filippini D, Comito F, Serra C, Santini D, D' Errico A, Minni F, Biasco G, Di Marco M. Mutational burden of resectable pancreatic cancer, as determined by whole transcriptome and whole exome sequencing, predicts a poor prognosis. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1972-1980. [PMID: 29620163 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the genomic characterization of pancreatic cancer (PC), marked advances in the development of prognosis classification and novel therapeutic strategies have yet to come. The present study aimed to better understand the genomic alterations associated with the invasive phenotype of PC, in order to improve patient selection for treatment options. A total of 30 PC samples were analysed by either whole transcriptome (9 samples) or exome sequencing (21 samples) on an Illumina platform (75X2 or 100X2 bp), and the results were matched with normal DNA to identify somatic events. Single nucleotide variants and insertions and deletions were annotated using public databases, and the pathogenicity of the identified variants was defined according to prior knowledge and mutation-prediction tools. A total of 43 recurrently altered genes were identified, which were involved in numerous pathways, including chromatin remodelling and DNA damage repair. In addition, an analysis limited to a subgroup of early stage patients (50% of samples) demonstrated that poor prognosis was significantly associated with a higher number of known PC mutations (P=0.047). Samples from patients with a better overall survival (>25 months) harboured an average of 24 events, whereas samples from patients with an overall survival of <25 months presented an average of 40 mutations. These findings indicated that a complex genetic profile in the early stage of disease may be associated with increased aggressiveness, thus suggesting an urgent requirement for an innovative approach to classify this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Grassi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Durante
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Freier
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Vecchiarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casadei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Formica
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Filippini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Comito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Santini
- Department of Pathology, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta D' Errico
- Department of Pathology, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Minni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Di Marco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant' Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
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42
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Hyter S, Hirst J, Pathak H, Pessetto ZY, Koestler DC, Raghavan R, Pei D, Godwin AK. Developing a genetic signature to predict drug response in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14828-14848. [PMID: 29599910 PMCID: PMC5871081 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of personalized treatment options for women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Outside of bevacizumab and a group of poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, few options are available to women that relapse. We propose that efficacious drug combinations can be determined via molecular characterization of ovarian tumors along with pre-established pharmacogenomic profiles of repurposed compounds. To that end, we selectively performed multiple two-drug combination treatments in ovarian cancer cell lines that included reactive oxygen species inducers and HSP90 inhibitors. This allowed us to select cell lines that exhibit disparate phenotypes of proliferative inhibition to a specific drug combination of auranofin and AUY922. We profiled altered mechanistic responses from these agents in both reactive oxygen species and HSP90 pathways, as well as investigated PRKCI and lncRNA expression in ovarian cancer cell line models. Generation of dual multi-gene panels implicated in resistance or sensitivity to this drug combination was produced using RNA sequencing data and the validity of the resistant signature was examined using high-density RT-qPCR. Finally, data mining for the prevalence of these signatures in a large-scale clinical study alluded to the prevalence of resistant genes in ovarian tumor biology. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput viability screens paired with reliable in silico data can promote the discovery of effective, personalized therapeutic options for a currently untreatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hyter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeff Hirst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ziyan Y Pessetto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dong Pei
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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43
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Ghadban T, Dibbern JL, Reeh M, Miro JT, Tsui TY, Wellner U, Izbicki JR, Güngör C, Vashist YK. HSP90 is a promising target in gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil resistant pancreatic cancer. Apoptosis 2018; 22:369-380. [PMID: 27878398 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy (CT) options in pancreatic cancer (PC) are limited to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Several identified molecular targets in PC represent client proteins of HSP90. HSP90 is a promising target since it interferes with many oncogenic signaling pathways simultaneously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different HSP90 inhibitors in gemcitabine and 5-FU resistant PC. PC cell lines 5061, 5072 and 5156 were isolated and brought in to culture from patients being operated at our institution. L3.6pl cell line served as a control. Anti-proliferative efficacy of three different HSP90 inhibitors (17-AAG, 17-DMAG and 17-AEPGA) was evaluated by the MTT assay. Alterations in signaling pathway effectors and apoptosis upon HSP90 inhibition were determined by western blot analysis and annexin V/PI staining. The cell lines 5061, 5072 and 5156 were resistant to gemcitabine and 5-FU. In contrast 17-AAG and the water-soluble derivates 17-DMAG and 17-AEPGA displayed high anti-proliferative activity in all tested cell lines. The calculated IC50 was below 1 µM. Highly significant down regulation of epidermal-growth-factor-receptor, insulin-like-growth-factor-receptor-1, AKT and MAPK reflected the intracellular molecular signaling-network disruption. Furthermore, besides HSP70 also HSP27 was upregulated in all cell lines. Apoptosis occurred early under HSP90 inhibition and was determined by annexin V/PI staining and CASPASE-3 and PARP assay. In contrast, gemcitabine treated cells did not show any apoptosis. HSP90 inhibition disrupts multiple signaling cascades in gemcitabine and 5-FU resistant PC simultaneously and promotes cancer cell apoptosis. Watersoluble 17-DMAG is equally effective as 17-AAG. HSP27, besides HSP70, may represent an effective response marker of successful HSP90 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Ghadban
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith L Dibbern
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jameel T Miro
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tung Y Tsui
- Department of Surgery, University Medical College Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wellner
- Clinic for Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Visceral Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.
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44
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Barraud M, Garnier J, Loncle C, Gayet O, Lequeue C, Vasseur S, Bian B, Duconseil P, Gilabert M, Bigonnet M, Maignan A, Moutardier V, Garcia S, Turrini O, Delpero JR, Giovannini M, Grandval P, Gasmi M, Ouaissi M, Secq V, Poizat F, Guibert N, Iovanna J, Dusetti N. A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma subpopulation is sensitive to FK866, an inhibitor of NAMPT. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53783-53796. [PMID: 27462772 PMCID: PMC5288221 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating pancreatic cancer is extremely challenging due to multiple factors, including chemoresistance and poor disease prognosis. Chemoresistance can be explained by: the presence of a dense stromal barrier leading to a lower vascularized condition, therefore limiting drug delivery; the huge intra-tumoral heterogeneity; and the status of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These factors are highly variable between patients making it difficult to predict responses to chemotherapy. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is the main enzyme responsible for recycling cytosolic NAD+ in hypoxic conditions. FK866 is a noncompetitive specific inhibitor of NAMPT, which has proven anti-tumoral effects, although a clinical advantage has still not been demonstrated. Here, we tested the effect of FK866 on pancreatic cancer-derived primary cell cultures (PCCs), both alone and in combination with three different drugs typically used against this cancer: gemcitabine, 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin. The aims of this study were to evaluate the benefit of drug combinations, define groups of sensitivity, and identify a potential biomarker for predicting treatment sensitivity. We performed cell viability tests in the presence of either FK866 alone or in combination with the drugs above-mentioned. We confirmed both inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Interestingly, only the in vitro effect of gemcitabine was influenced by the addition of FK866. We also found that NAMPT mRNA expression levels can predict the sensitivity of cells to FK866. Overall, our results suggest that patients with tumors sensitive to FK866 can be identified using NAMPT mRNA levels as a biomarker and could therefore benefit from a co-treatment of gemcitabine plus FK866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Barraud
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Garnier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Lequeue
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Bian
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Duconseil
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Maignan
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.,CIC1409, AP-HM - Nord University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Gasmi
- Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.,CIC1409, AP-HM - Nord University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Zhou M, Diao Z, Yue X, Chen Y, Zhao H, Cheng L, Sun J. Construction and analysis of dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network identified novel lncRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of human pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56383-56394. [PMID: 27487139 PMCID: PMC5302921 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasing evidence that ceRNA activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played critical roles in both normal physiology and tumorigenesis. However, functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and their potential implications for early diagnosis remain unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to investigate potential lncRNA-mediated ceRNA interplay based on "ceRNA hypothesis". A dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network (DLCN) was constructed by utilizing sample-matched miRNA, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in PDAC and normal samples in combination with miRNA regulatory network. The results of network analysis uncovered seven novel lncRNAs as functional ceRNAs whose aberrant expression will result in the extensive variation in tumorigenic or tumor-suppressive gene expression through DLCN at the post-transcriptional level contributing to PDAC. Therefore, we developed a 7-lncRNA signature (termed LncRisk-7) based on the expression data of seven lncRNAs and SVM algorithm as a novel diagnostic tool to improve early diagnosis of PDAC. The LncRisk-7 achieved high performance in distinguishing PDAC patients from nonmalignant pancreas samples in the discovery cohort and was further confirmed in another two independent validation cohorts. Functional analysis demonstrated that seven lncRNA biomarkers act as ceRNAs involving the regulation of cell death, cell adhesion and cell cycle. This study will help to improve our understanding of the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PDAC and provide novel lncRNAs as candidate diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Diao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
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46
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Shelper TB, Lovitt CJ, Avery VM. Assessing Drug Efficacy in a Miniaturized Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro 3D Cell Culture Model. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 14:367-80. [PMID: 27552143 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer continues to have one of the poorest prognoses among all cancers. The drug discovery efforts for this disease have largely failed, with no significant improvement in survival outcomes for advanced pancreatic cancer patients over the past 20 years. Traditional in vitro cell culture techniques have been used extensively in both basic and early drug discovery; however, these systems offer poor models to assess emerging therapeutics. More predictive cell-based models, which better capture the cellular heterogeneity and complexities of solid pancreatic tumors, are urgently needed not only to improve drug discovery success but also to provide insight into the tumor biology. Pancreatic tumors are characterized by a unique micro-environment that is surrounded by a dense stroma. A complex network of interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the effects of cell-to-cell contacts may enhance survival pathways within in vivo tumors. This biological and physical complexity is lost in traditional cell monolayer models. To explore the predictive potential of a more complex cellular system, a three-dimensional (3D) micro-tumor assay was evaluated. Efficacy of six current chemotherapeutics was determined against a panel of primary and metastatic pancreatic tumor cell lines in a miniaturized ECM-based 3D cell culture system. Suitability for potential use in high-throughput screening applications was assessed, including ascertaining the effects that miniaturization and automation had on assay robustness. Cellular health was determined by utilizing an indirect population-based metabolic activity assay and a direct imaging-based cell viability assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd B Shelper
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan, Australia
| | - Carrie J Lovitt
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan, Australia
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47
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PET–Computed Tomography and Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. PET Clin 2017; 12:407-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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48
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Thillai K, Lam H, Sarker D, Wells CM. Deciphering the link between PI3K and PAK: An opportunity to target key pathways in pancreatic cancer? Oncotarget 2017; 8:14173-14191. [PMID: 27845911 PMCID: PMC5355171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of personalised therapies has ushered in a new and exciting era of cancer treatment for a variety of solid malignancies. Yet pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has failed to benefit from this paradigm shift, remaining notoriously refractory to targeted therapies. Chemotherapy is the cornerstone of management but can offer only modest survival benefits of a few months with 5-year survival rates rarely exceeding 3%. Despite these disappointing statistics, significant strides have been made towards understanding the complex biology of pancreatic cancer, with deep genomic sequencing identifying novel genetic aberrations and key signalling pathways. The PI3K-PDK1-AKT pathway has received great attention due to its prominence in carcinogenesis. However, efforts to target several components of this network have resulted in only a handful of drugs demonstrating any survival benefit in solid tumors; despite promising pre-clinical results. p-21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a gene that is recurrently amplified or overexpressed in PDAC and both PAK4 and related family member PAK1, have been linked to aberrant RAS activity, a common feature in pancreatic cancer. As regulators of PI3K, PAKs have been highlighted as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the biology of pancreatic cancer and the close interaction between PAKs and the PI3K pathway. We also suggest proposals for future research that may see the development of effective targeted therapies that could finally improve outcomes for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthikah Thillai
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hoyin Lam
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debashis Sarker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Wells
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Berthelsen MF, Callesen MM, Østergaard TS, Liu Y, Li R, Callesen H, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Jakobsen JE, Thomsen MK. Pancreas specific expression of oncogenes in a porcine model. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:603-612. [PMID: 28664456 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading course of cancer death and early detection of the disease is crucial for successful treatment. However, pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect in its earliest stages and once symptoms appear, the cancer has often progressed beyond possibility for curing. Research into the disease has been hampered by the lack of good models. We have generated a porcine model of pancreatic cancer with use of transgenic overexpression of an oncogene cassette containing MYC, KRAS G12D and SV40 LT. The expression was initiated from a modified Pdx-1 promoter during embryogenesis in a subset of pancreatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, cells expressing the oncogenes also expressed a yellow fluorescent protein (mVenus) and an inducible negative regulator protein (rtTR-KRAB). Cells where the Pdx-1 promoter had not been activated, expressed a red fluorescent protein (Katushka). In vitro analyses of cells obtained from the transgenic pigs showed increased proliferation and expression of the transgenes when activated. Induction of the repressor protein eliminated the oncogene expression and decreased cell proliferation. In vivo analysis identified foci of pancreatic cells expressing the oncogenes at day zero post farrowing. These populations expanded and formed hyperplastic foci, with beginning abnormality at day 45. Cells in the foci expressed the oncogenic proteins and the majority of the cells were positive for the proliferation marker, Ki67. We predict that this model could be used for advanced studies in pancreatic cancer in a large animal model with focus on early detection, treatment, and identification of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten M Callesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tanja S Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jannik E Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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50
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Zinovyeva MV, Kostina MB, Chernov IP, Kondratyeva LG, Sverdlov ED. KLF5, a new player and new target in the permanently changing set of pancreatic cancer molecular drivers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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