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Cao S, Jiang J, Yin H, Wang L, Lu Q. Abnormal energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112149. [PMID: 38692019 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease with significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Orderly energy metabolism is essential for normal immune function, and disordered energy metabolism is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of SLE. Disorders of energy metabolism are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species, ATP deficiency, and abnormal metabolic pathways. Oxygen and mitochondria are critical for the production of ATP, and both mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia affect the energy production processes. In addition, several signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway also play important regulatory roles in energy metabolism. Furthermore, drugs with clear clinical effects on SLE, such as sirolimus, metformin, and tacrolimus, have been proven to improve the disordered energy metabolism of immune cells, suggesting the potential of targeting energy metabolism for the treatment of SLE. Moreover, several metabolic modulators under investigation are expected to have potential therapeutic effects in SLE. This review aimed to gain insights into the role and mechanism of abnormal energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of SLE, and summarizes the progression of metabolic modulator in the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Cao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Jiang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Haoyuan Yin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Lai Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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2
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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Oluwole AO, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Sheridan MS, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Functional diversity among cardiolipin binding sites on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00132-2. [PMID: 38839991 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions play a multitude of essential roles in membrane homeostasis. Mitochondrial membranes have a unique lipid-protein environment that ensures bioenergetic efficiency. Cardiolipin (CL), the signature mitochondrial lipid, plays multiple roles in promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In the inner mitochondrial membrane, the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) exchanges ADP and ATP, enabling OXPHOS. AAC/ANT contains three tightly bound CLs, and these interactions are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in AAC/ANT using a combination of biochemical approaches, native mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of yeast Aac2 and established experimentally that the mutations disrupted the CL interactions. While all mutations destabilized Aac2 tertiary structure, transport activity was impaired in a binding site-specific manner. Additionally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in human ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Abraham O Oluwole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James A Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Macie S Sheridan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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3
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Notti RQ, Yi F, Heissel S, Bush MW, Molvi Z, Das P, Molina H, Klebanoff CA, Walz T. The resting and ligand-bound states of the membrane-embedded human T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.22.554360. [PMID: 37662363 PMCID: PMC10473723 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is central to the ligand-dependent activation of T lymphocytes and as such orchestrates both adaptive and pathologic immune processes. However, major questions remain regarding the structure and function of the human TCR. Here, we present cryogenic electron microscopy structures for the unliganded and HLA-bound human TCR-CD3 complex in nanodiscs that provide a native-like lipid environment. The unliganded structures reveal two related conformations that are distinct from its structure in detergent. These new "closed and compacted" conformations afford insights into the interactions between the TCR-CD3 and the membrane, including conserved surface patches that make extensive outer leaflet contact, and suggest novel conformational regulation by glycans. We show that the closed/compacted conformations, not the extended one previously reported in detergent, represent the unliganded resting state for the TCR-CD3 in vivo, underscoring the importance of structural interrogation of membrane proteins in native-like environments. By contrast, the structure of the HLA-bound complex in nanodiscs is in an open and extended conformation, showing that physiologic ligand binding is sufficient to induce substantial conformational change in the TCR-CD3 complex. We use conformation-locking disulfide mutants to show that ectodomain opening is necessary for maximal ligand-dependent TCR-CD3 activation, demonstrating that TCR-intrinsic conformational change is necessary for full TCR-CD3 activation and opening numerous avenues for immunoreceptor engineering.
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4
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Griffiths G, Brügger B, Freund C. Lipid switches in the immunological synapse. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107428. [PMID: 38823638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses comprise the activation of T cells by peptide antigens that are presented by proteins of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. As a consequence of the T cell receptor interacting productively with a certain peptide-MHC complex, a specialized cell-cell junction known as the immunological synapse forms and is accompanied by changes in the spatiotemporal patterning and function of intracellular signaling molecules. Key modifications occurring at the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma and internal membranes in activated T cells comprise lipid switches that affect the binding and distribution of proteins within or near the lipid bilayer. Here, we describe two major classes of lipid switches that act at this critical water/membrane interface. Phosphoinositides are derived from phosphatidylinositol, an amphiphilic molecule that contains two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that bridges the glycerol backbone to the carbohydrate inositol. The inositol ring can be variably (de-)phosphorylated by dedicated kinases and phosphatases, thereby creating phosphoinositide signatures that define the composition and properties of signaling molecules, molecular complexes, or whole organelles. Palmitoylation refers to the reversible attachment of the fatty acid palmitate to a substrate protein's cysteine residue. DHHC enzymes, named after the four conserved amino acids in their active site, catalyze this post-translational modification and thereby change the distribution of proteins at, between, and within membranes. T cells utilize these two types of molecular switches to adjust their properties to an activation process that requires changes in motility, transport, secretion, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhao J, Zhao L, Xu W, Lu Z, Xu S. Fabrication of High-Negatively Charged Bicelle-Mediated Supported Lipid Bilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8083-8093. [PMID: 38572682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), two-dimensional lipid films formed on a solid-supporting substrate, serve as models for biomembranes and exhibit remarkable potential in chemistry, biology, and medicine. However, preparing SLBs with highly negatively charged contents on the negatively charged surface by overcoming electrostatic repulsion remains a challenge. Here, a creative bicelle-mediated and divalent cation-free SLB preparation method with the assistance of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution was proposed, which can form the SLBs containing 50% DOPS or 30% CL on the silica surface monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation indicate that electrostatic repulsion can be overcome by the increased number of hydrogen bonds caused by the adsorption of dihydrogen phosphate ions onto the headgroups of lipids. In addition, the negatively charged SLB formation was identified to be a three-step kinetic process, which differs from a two-step mechanism in the case of amphoteric SLB. The extra kinetic step can be attributed to the reduction in the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the ordering of water molecules in the hydration layer. This investigation resolves the challenge of fabricating SLB over negatively charged surfaces and offers a fresh perspective on the SLB assembly methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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6
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Cui JW, Li Y, Yang Y, Yang HK, Dong JM, Xiao ZH, He X, Guo JH, Wang RQ, Dai B, Zhou ZL. Tumor immunotherapy resistance: Revealing the mechanism of PD-1 / PD-L1-mediated tumor immune escape. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116203. [PMID: 38280330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, an innovative anti-cancer therapy, has showcased encouraging outcomes across diverse tumor types. Among these, the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway is a well-known immunological checkpoint, which is significant in the regulation of immune evasion by tumors. Nevertheless, a considerable number of patients develop resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, rendering it ineffective in the long run. This research focuses on exploring the factors of PD-1/PD-L1-mediated resistance in tumor immunotherapy. Initially, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is characterized by its role in facilitating tumor immune evasion, emphasizing its role in autoimmune homeostasis. Next, the primary mechanisms of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy are analyzed, including tumor antigen deletion, T cell dysfunction, increased immunosuppressive cells, and alterations in the expression of PD-L1 within tumor cells. The possible ramifications of altered metabolism, microbiota, and DNA methylation on resistance is also described. Finally, possible resolution strategies for dealing with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy resistance are discussed, placing particular emphasis on personalized therapeutic approaches and the exploration of more potent immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hai-Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jia-Mei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jia-Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan City 528200, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
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7
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Wilfahrt D, Delgoffe GM. Metabolic waypoints during T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:206-217. [PMID: 38238609 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This Review explores the interplay between T cell activation and cell metabolism and highlights how metabolites serve two pivotal functions in shaping the immune response. Traditionally, T cell activation has been characterized by T cell antigen receptor-major histocompatibility complex interaction (signal 1), co-stimulation (signal 2) and cytokine signaling (signal 3). However, recent research has unveiled the critical role of metabolites in this process. Firstly, metabolites act as signal propagators that aid in the transmission of core activation signals, such as specific lipid species that are crucial at the immune synapse. Secondly, metabolites also function as unique signals that influence immune differentiation pathways, such as amino acid-induced mTORC1 signaling. Metabolites also play a substantial role in epigenetic remodeling, by directly modifying histones, altering gene expression and influencing T cell behavior. This Review discusses how T cells integrate nutrient sensing with activating stimuli to shape their differentiation and sensitivity to metabolites. We underscore the integration of immunological and metabolic inputs in T cell function and suggest that metabolite availability is a fundamental determinant of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Wilfahrt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Bresnahan DR, Catandi GD, Peters SO, Maclellan LJ, Broeckling CD, Carnevale EM. Maturation and culture affect the metabolomic profile of oocytes and follicular cells in young and old mares. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1280998. [PMID: 38283993 PMCID: PMC10811030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1280998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oocytes and follicular somatic cells within the ovarian follicle are altered during maturation and after exposure to culture in vitro. In the present study, we used a nontargeted metabolomics approach to assess changes in oocytes, cumulus cells, and granulosa cells from dominant, follicular-phase follicles in young and old mares. Methods: Samples were collected at three stages associated with oocyte maturation: (1) GV, germinal vesicle stage, prior to the induction of follicle/oocyte maturation in vivo; (2) MI, metaphase I, maturing, collected 24 h after induction of maturation in vivo; and (3) MIIC, metaphase II, mature with collection 24 h after induction of maturation in vivo plus 18 h of culture in vitro. Samples were analyzed using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry only when all three stages of a specific cell type were obtained from the same mare. Results and Discussion: Significant differences in metabolite abundance were most often associated with MIIC, with some of the differences appearing to be linked to the final stage of maturation and others to exposure to culture medium. While differences occurred for many metabolite groups, some of the most notable were detected for energy and lipid metabolism and amino acid abundance. The study demonstrated that metabolomics has potential to aid in optimizing culture methods and evaluating cell culture additives to support differences in COCs associated with maternal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Bresnahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, United States
| | - G D Catandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - S O Peters
- Department of Animal Sciences, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, United States
| | - L J Maclellan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - C D Broeckling
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Core Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - E M Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Lee HN, Lee SE, Inn KS, Seong J. Optical sensing and control of T cell signaling pathways. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1321996. [PMID: 38269062 PMCID: PMC10806162 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1321996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells regulate adaptive immune responses through complex signaling pathways mediated by T cell receptor (TCR). The functional domains of the TCR are combined with specific antibodies for the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. In this review, we first overview current understanding on the T cell signaling pathways as well as traditional methods that have been widely used for the T cell study. These methods, however, are still limited to investigating dynamic molecular events with spatiotemporal resolutions. Therefore, genetically encoded biosensors and optogenetic tools have been developed to study dynamic T cell signaling pathways in live cells. We review these cutting-edge technologies that revealed dynamic and complex molecular mechanisms at each stage of T cell signaling pathways. They have been primarily applied to the study of dynamic molecular events in TCR signaling, and they will further aid in understanding the mechanisms of CAR activation and function. Therefore, genetically encoded biosensors and optogenetic tools offer powerful tools for enhancing our understanding of signaling mechanisms in T cells and CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technoloy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Qiu M, Tulufu N, Tang G, Ye W, Qi J, Deng L, Li C. Black Phosphorus Accelerates Bone Regeneration Based on Immunoregulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304824. [PMID: 37953457 PMCID: PMC10767454 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of inflammation and tissue healing suggests that the precise regulation of the inflammatory phase, both in terms of location and timing, is crucial for bone regeneration. However, achieving the activation of early inflammation without causing chronic inflammation while facilitating quick inflammation regression to promote bone regeneration continues to pose challenges. This study reveals that black phosphorus (BP) accelerates bone regeneration by building an osteogenic immunological microenvironment. BP amplifies the acute pro-inflammatory response and promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to accelerate inflammation regression and tissue regeneration. Mechanistically, BP creates an osteoimmune-friendly microenvironment by stimulating macrophages to express interleukin 33 (IL-33), amplifying the inflammatory response at an early stage, and promoting the regression of inflammation. In addition, BP-mediated IL-33 expression directly promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which further facilitates bone repair. To the knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the immunomodulatory potential of BP in bone regeneration through the regulation of both early-stage inflammatory responses and later-stage inflammation resolution, along with the associated molecular mechanisms. This discovery serves as a foundation for the clinical use of BP and is an efficient approach for managing the immune microenvironment during bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Qiu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Nijiati Tulufu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University388 Zuchongzhi RoadKunshan CityJiangsu Province215300P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Ye
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
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11
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Brans V, Gray MD, Sezgin E, Stride EPJ. Protein-Decorated Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Mediated Cell Surface Manipulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5746-5758. [PMID: 38048163 PMCID: PMC10731656 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Delivering cargo to the cell membranes of specific cell types in the body is a major challenge for a range of treatments, including immunotherapy. This study investigates employing protein-decorated microbubbles (MBs) and ultrasound (US) to "tag" cellular membranes of interest with a specific protein. Phospholipid-coated MBs were produced and functionalized with a model protein using a metallochelating complex through an NTA(Ni) and histidine residue interaction. Successful "tagging" of the cellular membrane was observed using microscopy in adherent cells and was promoted by US exposure. Further modification of the MB surface to enable selective binding to target cells was then achieved by functionalizing the MBs with a targeting protein (transferrin) that specifically binds to a receptor on the target cell membrane. Attachment and subsequent transfer of material from MBs functionalized with transferrin to the target cells significantly increased, even in the absence of US. This work demonstrates the potential of these MBs as a platform for the noninvasive delivery of proteins to the surface of specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle
A. Brans
- Department
of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DL, U.K.
| | - Michael D. Gray
- Department
of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DL, U.K.
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s
Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Eleanor P. J. Stride
- Department
of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DL, U.K.
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12
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Shuwen H, Yinhang W, Jing Z, Qiang Y, Yizhen J, Quan Q, Yin J, Jiang L, Xi Y. Cholesterol induction in CD8 + T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4441-4456. [PMID: 37919522 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Cholesterol can participate in the regulation of human T cell function and affect the occurrence and development of CRC. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC immune escape mediated by CD8+ T cell exhaustion induced by cholesterol. METHODS CRC samples (n = 217) and healthy individuals (n = 98) were recruited to analyze the relationship between peripheral blood cholesterol levels and the clinical features of CRC. An animal model of CRC with hypercholesterolemia was established. Intraperitoneal intervention with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitors in hypercholesterolemic CRC mice was performed. CD69, PD1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cells of spleens from C57BL/6 J mice were detected by flow cytometry. CD8+ T cells were cocultured with MC38 cells (mouse colon cancer cell line). The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasive ability of MC38 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin-V APC/7-AAD double staining, scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ER structure of CD8+ T cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ERS and mitophagy-related proteins. Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism were measured. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact site (ERMC) proteins. Immunofluorescence colocalization was used to detect the expression and intracellular localization of ERMC-related molecules. RESULTS Peripheral blood cholesterol-related indices, including Tc, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Apo(a), were all increased, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was decreased in CRCs. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MC38 cells were enhanced, and the proportion of tumor cell apoptosis was decreased in the high cholesterol group. The expression of IL-2 and TNF-α was decreased, while IFN-γ was increased in the high cholesterol group. It indicated high cholesterol could induce exhaustion of CD8+ T cells, leading to CRC immune escape. Hypercholesterolemia damaged the ER structure of CD8+ T cells and increased the expression of ER stress molecules (CHOP and GRP78), lead to CD8+ T cell exhaustion. The expression of mitophagy-related proteins (BNIP3, PINK and Parkin) in exhausted CD8+ T cells increased at high cholesterol levels, causing mitochondrial energy disturbance. High cholesterol enhanced the colocalization of Fis1/Bap31, MFN2/cox4/HSP90B1, VAPB/PTPIP51, VDAC1/IPR3/GRP75 in ERMCs, indicated that high cholesterol promoted the intermolecular interaction between ER and mitochondrial membranes in CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION High cholesterol regulated the ERS-ERMC-mitophagy axis to induce the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yizhen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Quan
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yin
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xi
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Kumar A, Daschakraborty S. Anomalous lateral diffusion of lipids during the fluid/gel phase transition of a lipid membrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31431-31443. [PMID: 37962400 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A lipid membrane undergoes a phase transition from fluid to gel phase upon changing external thermodynamic conditions, such as decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. Extremophilic organisms face the challenge of preventing this deleterious phase transition. The main focus of their adaptive strategy is to facilitate effective temperature sensing through sensor proteins, relying on the drastic changes in packing density and membrane fluidity during the phase transition. Although the changes in packing density parameters due to the fluid/gel phase transition are studied in detail, the impact on membrane fluidity is less explored in the literature. Understanding the lateral diffusive dynamics of lipids in response to temperature, particularly during the fluid/gel phase transition, is albeit crucial. Here we have simulated the phase transition of a single component lipid membrane composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids using a coarse-grained (CG) model and studied the changes of the structural and dynamical properties. It is observed that near the phase transition point, both fluid and gel phase domains coexist together. The dynamics remains highly non-Gaussian for a long time even when the mean square displacement reaches the Fickian regime at a much earlier time. This Fickian yet non-Gaussian diffusion (FnGD) is a characteristic of a highly heterogeneous system, previously observed for the lateral diffusion of lipids in raft mimetic membranes having liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases co-existing together. We have analyzed the molecular trajectories and calculated the jump-diffusion of the lipids, stemming from sudden jump translations, using a translational jump-diffusion (TJD) approach. An overwhelming contribution of the jump-diffusion of the lipids is observed suggesting anomalous diffusion of lipids during fluid/gel phase transition of the membrane. These results are important in unravelling the intricate nature of lipid diffusion during the phase transition of the membrane and open up a new possibility of investigating the most significant change of membrane properties during phase transition, which can be effectively sensed by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
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14
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Shi Y, Ruan H, Xu Y, Zou C. Cholesterol, Eukaryotic Lipid Domains, and an Evolutionary Perspective of Transmembrane Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041418. [PMID: 37604587 PMCID: PMC10626259 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane signaling is essential for complex life forms. Communication across a bilayer lipid barrier is elaborately organized to convey precision and to fine-tune strength. Looking back, the steps that it has taken to enable this seemingly mundane errand are breathtaking, and with our survivorship bias, Darwinian. While this review is to discuss eukaryotic membranes in biological functions for coherence and theoretical footing, we are obliged to follow the evolution of the biological membrane through time. Such a visit is necessary for our hypothesis that constraints posited on cellular functions are mainly via the biomembrane, and relaxation thereof in favor of a coordinating membrane environment is the molecular basis for the development of highly specialized cellular activities, among them transmembrane signaling. We discuss the obligatory paths that have led to eukaryotic membrane formation, its intrinsic ability to signal, and how it set up the platform for later integration of protein-based receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine; Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Hefei Ruan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine; Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine; Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine; Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Liu X, Gaihre B, Park S, Li L, Dashtdar B, Astudillo Potes MD, Terzic A, Elder BD, Lu L. 3D-printed scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures and immunomodulatory cytokines provide pro-healing microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:216-230. [PMID: 37122896 PMCID: PMC10130629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is driving forward the progresses of various engineering fields, including tissue engineering. However, the pristine 3D-printed scaffolds usually lack robust functions in stimulating desired activity for varied regeneration applications. In this study, we combined the two-dimensional (2D) hetero-nanostructures and immuno-regulative interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines for the functionalization of 3D-printed scaffolds to achieve a pro-healing immuno-microenvironment for optimized bone injury repair. The 2D hetero-nanostructure consists of graphene oxide (GO) layers, for improved cell adhesion, and black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets, for the continuous release of phosphate ions to stimulate cell growth and osteogenesis. In addition, the 2D hetero-nanolayers facilitated the adsorption of large content of immuno-regulative IL-4 cytokines, which modulated the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype. After in vivo implantation in rat, the immuno-functioned 3D-scaffolds achieved in vivo osteo-immunomodulation by building a pro-healing immunological microenvironment for better angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the defect area and thus facilitated bone regeneration. These results demonstrated that the immuno-functionalization of 3D-scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures with secondary loading of immuno-regulative cytokines is an encouraging strategy for improving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Bipin Gaihre
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Babak Dashtdar
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Maria D. Astudillo Potes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Elder
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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16
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Wu N, Veillette A. Lipid scrambling in immunology: why it is important. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1081-1083. [PMID: 37012395 PMCID: PMC10071233 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Clinical Immunology Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W1R7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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17
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Kennewick KT, Bensinger SJ. Decoding the crosstalk between mevalonate metabolism and T cell function. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:71-94. [PMID: 36999733 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is an essential metabolic pathway in T cells regulating development, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and effector functions. The mevalonate pathway is a complex, branched pathway composed of many enzymes that ultimately generate cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. T cells must tightly control metabolic flux through the branches of the mevalonate pathway to ensure sufficient isoprenoids and cholesterol are available to meet cellular demands. Unbalanced metabolite flux through the sterol or the nonsterol isoprenoid branch is metabolically inefficient and can have deleterious consequences for T cell fate and function. Accordingly, there is tight regulatory control over metabolic flux through the branches of this essential lipid synthetic pathway. In this review we provide an overview of how the branches of the mevalonate pathway are regulated in T cells and discuss our current understanding of the relationship between mevalonate metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T Kennewick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Osadare IE, Xiong L, Rubio I, Neugebauer U, Press AT, Ramoji A, Popp J. Raman Spectroscopy Profiling of Splenic T-Cells in Sepsis and Endotoxemia in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12027. [PMID: 37569403 PMCID: PMC10419286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that results from an overwhelming and disproportionate host response to an infection. Currently, the quality and extent of the immune response are evaluated based on clinical symptoms and the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers released or expressed by the immune cells. However, the host response toward sepsis is heterogeneous, and the roles of the individual immune cell types have not been fully conceptualized. During sepsis, the spleen plays a vital role in pathogen clearance, such as bacteria by an antibody response, macrophage bactericidal capacity, and bacterial endotoxin detoxification. This study uses Raman spectroscopy to understand the splenic T-lymphocyte compartment profile changes during bona fide bacterial sepsis versus hyperinflammatory endotoxemia. The Raman spectral analysis showed marked changes in splenocytes of mice subjected to septic peritonitis principally in the DNA region, with minor changes in the amino acids and lipoprotein areas, indicating significant transcriptomic activity during sepsis. Furthermore, splenocytes from mice exposed to endotoxic shock by injection of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide showed significant changes in the protein and lipid profiles, albeit with interindividual variations in inflammation severity. In summary, this study provided experimental evidence for the applicability and informative value of Raman spectroscopy for profiling the immune response in a complex, systemic infection scenario. Importantly, changes within the acute phase of inflammation onset (24 h) were reliably detected, lending support to the concept of early treatment and severity control by extracorporeal Raman profiling of immunocyte signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun Elizabeth Osadare
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (I.E.O.); (U.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Ling Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.X.); (I.R.); (A.T.P.)
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.X.); (I.R.); (A.T.P.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (I.E.O.); (U.N.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.X.); (I.R.); (A.T.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T. Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.X.); (I.R.); (A.T.P.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Kastanienstraße 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (I.E.O.); (U.N.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (I.E.O.); (U.N.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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19
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Cook I, Leyh TS. Sulfotransferase 2B1b, Sterol Sulfonation, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:521-531. [PMID: 36549865 PMCID: PMC10158503 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of human sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) is to sulfonate cholesterol and closely related sterols. SULT2B1b sterols perform a number of essential cellular functions. Many are signaling molecules whose activities are redefined by sulfonation-allosteric properties are switched "on" or "off," agonists are transformed into antagonists, and vice versa. Sterol sulfonation is tightly coupled to cholesterol homeostasis, and sulfonation imbalances are causally linked to cholesterol-related diseases including certain cancers, Alzheimer disease, and recessive X-linked ichthyosis-an orphan skin disease. Numerous studies link SULT2B1b activity to disease-relevant molecular processes. Here, these multifaceted processes are integrated into metabolic maps that highlight their interdependence and how their actions are regulated and coordinated by SULT2B1b oxysterol sulfonation. The maps help explain why SULT2B1b inhibition arrests the growth of certain cancers and make the novel prediction that SULT2B1b inhibition will suppress production of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau fibrils while simultaneously stimulating Aβ plaque phagocytosis. SULT2B1b harbors a sterol-selective allosteric site whose structure is discussed as a template for creating inhibitors to regulate SULT2B1b and its associated biology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) produces sterol-sulfate signaling molecules that maintain the homeostasis of otherwise pro-disease processes in cancer, Alzheimer disease, and X-linked ichthyosis-an orphan skin disease. The functions of sterol sulfates in each disease are considered and codified into metabolic maps that explain the interdependencies of the sterol-regulated networks and their coordinate regulation by SULT2B1b. The structure of the SULT2B1b sterol-sensing allosteric site is discussed as a means of controlling sterol sulfate biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas S Leyh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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20
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Liang W, Yi R, Wang W, Shi Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Wang Q, Liu M, Wang F. Enhancing the Antitumor Immunity of T Cells by Engineering the Lipid-Regulatory Site of the TCR/CD3 Complex. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:93-108. [PMID: 36265009 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) by a specific peptide-MHC ligand initiates transmembrane signaling to induce T-cell activation, a key step in most adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have indicated that TCR signaling is tightly regulated by cholesterol and its sulfate metabolite, cholesterol sulfate (CS), on the membrane. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which CS modulates TCR signaling through a conformational change of CD3 subunits. We found that the negatively charged CS interacted with the positively charged cytoplasmic domain of CD3ε (CD3εCD) to enhance its binding to the cell membrane and induce a stable secondary structure. This secondary structure suppressed the release of CD3εCD from the membrane in the presence of Ca2+, which in turn inhibited TCR phosphorylation and signaling. When a point mutation (I/A) was introduced to the intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (YxxI-x6-8-YxxL) of CD3ε subunit, it reduced the stability of the secondary structure and regained sensitivity to Ca2+, which abolished CS-mediated inhibition and enhanced the signaling of the TCR complex. Notably, the I/A mutation could be applied to both murine and human TCR-T cell therapy to improve the antitumor efficacy. Our study reveals insights into the regulatory mechanism of TCR signaling and provides a strategy to functionally engineer the TCR/CD3 complex for T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirong Yi
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifang Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- BRL Medicine, Inc., Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- BRL Medicine, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zhang X, Li X, Xu H, Fu Z, Wang F, Huang W, Wu K, Li C, Liu Y, Zou J, Zhu H, Yi H, Kaiming S, Gu M, Guan J, Yin S. Changes in the oral and nasal microbiota in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2182571. [PMID: 36875426 PMCID: PMC9980019 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2182571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several clinical studies have demonstrated that pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with dysbiosis of airway mucosal microbiota. However, how oral and nasal microbial diversity, composition, and structure are altered in pediatric OSA has not been systemically explored. Methods 30 polysomnography-confirmed OSA patients with adenoid hypertrophy, and 30 controls who did not have adenoid hypertrophy, were enrolled. Swabs from four surface oral tissue sites (tongue base, soft palate, both palatine tonsils, and adenoid) and one nasal swab from both anterior nares were collected. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) V3-V4 region was sequenced to identify the microbial communities. Results The beta diversity and microbial profiles were significantly different between pediatric OSA patients and controls at the five upper airway sites. The abundances of Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas were higher at adenoid and tonsils sites of pediatric patients with OSA. Functional analysis revealed that the differential pathway between the pediatric OSA patients and controls involved glycerophospholipids and amino acid metabolism. Conclusions In this study, the oral and nasal microbiome of pediatric OSA patients exhibited certain differences in composition compared with the controls. However, the microbiota data could be useful as a reference for studies on the upper airway microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Kaiming
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meizhen Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Denisenko YK, Novgorodtseva TP, Vitkina TI, Knyshova VV, Antonyuk MV, Bocharova NV, Kytikova OY. Associations Of Fatty Acid Composition In Leukocyte Membranes With Systemic Inflammation In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background — The development of systemic inflammation is a key pathogenetic mechanism in progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fatty acids (FAs) and their oxidized derivatives serve as essential regulators of inflammation. The relationship between systemic inflammation and FA metabolism in COPD is poorly understood. In our research, we focused on examining the FA composition of the leukocyte membrane in COPD and the FA metabolism in association with systemic inflammation. Objective — We examined 137 patients with mild, moderate, or severe COPD. The control group comprised 32 healthy non-smokers. Methods — Blood cytokines and immune cell subpopulations were evaluated by flow cytometry. The FA composition of the leukocyte membranes was analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentrations of eicosanoids (thromboxane B2 (TXB2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) in plasma were measured by ELISA. Results — Our results implied systemic inflammation in all patients with COPD. The analysis of the FA composition of leukocyte membrane demonstrated increased level of saturated FAs and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), along with reduced levels of monounsaturated FAs and n-3 PUFAs, in patients with COPD. The TXB2 and LTB4 content was increasing in COPD patients. We established a significant correlation with n-6 PUFAs, immune cells, and cytokines, which was indicative of an important role of FAs in the progress of systemic inflammation in COPD. Conclusion — Thus, FA modification of immune cells in patients with chronic pathologies of the bronchopulmonary system leads not only to disruption of the cell membrane structure, but also to the pathology of immune response regulation, and contributes to the development of the inflammatory process. The latter is a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia K. Denisenko
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Vitkina
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vera V. Knyshova
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Bocharova
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oxana Yu. Kytikova
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
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23
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Wen Y, Ma J. Phase separation drives the formation of biomolecular condensates in the immune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986589. [PMID: 36439121 PMCID: PMC9685520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When the external conditions change, such as the temperature or the pressure, the multi-component system sometimes separates into several phases with different components and structures, which is called phase separation. Increasing studies have shown that cells condense related biomolecules into independent compartments in order to carry out orderly and efficient biological reactions with the help of phase separation. Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation play a significant role in a variety of cellular processes, including the control of signal transduction, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. In recent years, many phase separation events have been discovered in the immune response process. In this review, we provided a comprehensive and detailed overview of the role and mechanism of phase separation in the innate and adaptive immune responses, which will help the readers to appreciate the advance and importance of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
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24
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Aria H, Rezaei M, Nazem S, Daraei A, Nikfar G, Mansoori B, Bahmanyar M, Tavassoli A, Vakil MK, Mansoori Y. Purinergic receptors are a key bottleneck in tumor metabolic reprogramming: The prime suspect in cancer therapeutic resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947885. [PMID: 36072596 PMCID: PMC9444135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and other nucleoside phosphates have specific receptors named purinergic receptors. Purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases regulate various signaling pathways that play a role in physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a higher level than in normal tissues and plays a role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we investigated the role of purinergic receptors in the development of resistance to therapy through changes in tumor cell metabolism. When a cell transforms to neoplasia, its metabolic processes change. The metabolic reprogramming modified metabolic feature of the TME, that can cause impeding immune surveillance and promote cancer growth. The purinergic receptors contribute to therapy resistance by modifying cancer cells' glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Limiting the energy supply of cancer cells is one approach to overcoming resistance. Glycolysis inhibitors which reduce intracellular ATP levels may make cancer cells more susceptible to anti-cancer therapies. The loss of the P2X7R through glucose intolerance and decreased fatty acid metabolism reduces therapeutic resistance. Potential metabolic blockers that can be employed in combination with other therapies will aid in the discovery of new anti-cancer immunotherapy to overcome therapy resistance. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that are considered to inhibit cancer cell metabolism and purinergic receptors simultaneously can potentially reduce resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Nazem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ghasem Nikfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnam Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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25
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Li X, Halldórsdóttir HR, Weller S, Colliander A, Bak M, Kempen P, Clergeaud G, Andresen TL. Enhancing Adoptive Cell Therapy by T Cell Loading of SHP2 Inhibitor Nanocrystals before Infusion. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10918-10930. [PMID: 35838499 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whereas adoptive T cell therapy has been extensively studied for cancer treatment, the response is still limited primarily due to immune dysfunction related to poor cell engraftment, tumor infiltration and engagement, and lack of a target. In addition, the modification of therapeutic T cells often suffers from being complex and expensive. Here, we present a strategy to load T cells with SHP099, an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the T cells. Remote-loading of SHP099 into lipid nanoparticles decorated with triarginine motifs resulted in nanocrystal formation of SHP099 inside the lipid vesicles and allowed high loading efficiency and prolonged retention of SHP099 nanocrystals within T cells. Cell-loaded SHP099 enabled sustained inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and increased cytolytic activity of the T cells. We show in a mouse model that tumor-homing T cells can circulate with the cargos, improving their tumor accumulation compared to systemically administered lipid nanoparticles. On an established solid tumor model, adoptively transferred SHP099 loaded T cells induced complete tumor eradication and durable immune memory against tumor rechallenging on all treated mice by effectively inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signal. We demonstrate that the combination of T cell therapy with SHP2 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy, and the lipid nanocrystal platform could be generalized as a promising approach for T cell loading of immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Sven Weller
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Colliander
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Liao Z, Kong Y, Zeng L, Wan Q, Hu J, Cai Y. Effects of high-fat diet on thyroid autoimmunity in the female rat. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:179. [PMID: 35840950 PMCID: PMC9287994 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While contributions of dyslipidemia to autoimmune diseases have been described, its impact on thyroid autoimmunity (TA) is less clear. Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is crucial in preventing autoimmune attack while its blockade exacerbates TA. We thus unveiled the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on TA, focusing on the contribution of PD-1/PD-L1. METHODS Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly fed with a regular diet or HFD (60% calories from fat) for 24 weeks. Then, thyroid ultrasonography was performed and samples were collected for lipid and thyroid-related parameter measure. RESULTS HFD rats exhibited hyperlipemia and abnormal biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acid in serum detected by lipidomics. These rats displayed a relatively lower echogenicity and increased inflammatory infiltration in thyroid accompanied by rising serum thyroid autoantibody levels and hypothyroidism, mimicking human Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These alterations were concurrent with decreased mRNA and immunostaining of intrathyroidal PD-1 and also serum PD-1 levels but not the PD-L1 expression, suggesting a role of a PD-1 pathway. Meanwhile, the infiltration of B and T cell, a key cellular event inhibited by the PD-1 signals, was enhanced in the thyroid of HFD rats, along with thyroid fibrosis and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HFD triggers TA through a mechanism possibly involving downregulation of PD-1-related immunosuppression, providing a novel insight into the link between dyslipidemia and autoimmune toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaojun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Interplay between size and concentration in unidirectional lipid transfer between zwitterionic vesicles under non-equilibrium conditions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The transformative success of antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death 1)/B7-H1 (B7 homolog 1) pathway (anti-PD therapy) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, only a fraction of patients with solid tumors and some hematopoietic malignancies respond to anti-PD therapy, and the reason for failure in other patients is less known. By dissecting the mechanisms underlying this resistance, current studies reveal that the tumor microenvironment is a major location for resistance to occur. Furthermore, the resistance mechanisms appear to be highly heterogeneous. Here, we discuss recent human cancer data identifying mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD therapy. We review evidence for immune-based resistance mechanisms such as loss of neoantigens, defects in antigen presentation and interferon signaling, immune inhibitory molecules, and exclusion of T cells. We also review the clinical evidence for emerging mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD therapy, such as alterations in metabolism, microbiota, and epigenetics. Finally, we discuss strategies to overcome anti-PD therapy resistance and emphasize the need to develop additional immunotherapies based on the concept of normalization cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Vesely
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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29
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Maltan L, Andova AM, Derler I. The Role of Lipids in CRAC Channel Function. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030352. [PMID: 35327543 PMCID: PMC8944985 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and dynamics of the lipid membrane define the physical properties of the bilayer and consequently affect the function of the incorporated membrane transporters, which also applies for the prominent Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ ion channel (CRAC). This channel is activated by receptor-induced Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and consists of two transmembrane proteins, STIM1 and Orai1. STIM1 is anchored in the ER membrane and senses changes in the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration. Orai1 is the Ca2+-selective, pore-forming CRAC channel component located in the plasma membrane (PM). Ca2+ store-depletion of the ER triggers activation of STIM1 proteins, which subsequently leads to a conformational change and oligomerization of STIM1 and its coupling to as well as activation of Orai1 channels at the ER-PM contact sites. Although STIM1 and Orai1 are sufficient for CRAC channel activation, their efficient activation and deactivation is fine-tuned by a variety of lipids and lipid- and/or ER-PM junction-dependent accessory proteins. The underlying mechanisms for lipid-mediated CRAC channel modulation as well as the still open questions, are presented in this review.
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30
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Bagheri Y, Ali AA, Keshri P, Chambers J, Gershenson A, You M. Imaging Membrane Order and Dynamic Interactions in Living Cells with a DNA Zipper Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - James Chambers
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
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31
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Bagheri Y, Ali AA, Keshri P, Chambers J, Gershenson A, You M. Imaging Membrane Order and Dynamic Interactions in Living Cells with a DNA Zipper Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112033. [PMID: 34767659 PMCID: PMC8792286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane is a dynamic and heterogeneous structure composed of distinct sub-compartments. Within these compartments, preferential interactions occur among various lipids and proteins. Currently, it is still challenging to image these short-lived membrane complexes, especially in living cells. In this work, we present a DNA-based probe, termed "DNA Zipper", which allows the membrane order and pattern of transient interactions to be imaged in living cells using standard fluorescence microscopes. By fine-tuning the length and binding affinity of DNA duplex, these probes can precisely extend the duration of membrane lipid interactions via dynamic DNA hybridization. The correlation between membrane order and the activation of T-cell receptor signaling has also been studied. These programmable DNA probes function after a brief cell incubation, which can be easily adapted to study lipid interactions and membrane order during different membrane signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - James Chambers
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
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32
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The interplay between membrane topology and mechanical forces in regulating T cell receptor activity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:40. [PMID: 35017678 PMCID: PMC8752658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critically important for host defense against infections. T cell activation is specific because signal initiation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on antigen presenting cells (APCs). Recent advances reveal that the TCR acts as a mechanoreceptor, but it remains unclear how pMHC/TCR engagement generates mechanical forces that are converted to intracellular signals. Here we propose a TCR Bending Mechanosignal (TBM) model, in which local bending of the T cell membrane on the nanometer scale allows sustained contact of relatively small pMHC/TCR complexes interspersed among large surface receptors and adhesion molecules on the opposing surfaces of T cells and APCs. Localized T cell membrane bending is suggested to increase accessibility of TCR signaling domains to phosphorylation, facilitate selective recognition of agonists that form catch bonds, and reduce noise signals associated with slip bonds. Al-Aghbar et al propose a TCR bending mechanosignal model that demonstrates how local mechanical membrane bending may influence T cell receptor binding events and thus T-cell activation.
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Hu C, Luo W, Xu J, Han X. RECOGNITION AND AVOIDANCE OF ION SOURCE-GENERATED ARTIFACTS IN LIPIDOMICS ANALYSIS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:15-31. [PMID: 32997818 PMCID: PMC8287896 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid research is attracting more and more attention as various key roles and novel biological functions of lipids have been demonstrated and discovered in the organism. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics approaches are the most powerful and effective tools for analysis of cellular lipidomes with very high sensitivity and specificity. However, the artifacts generated from in-source fragmentation are always present in all kinds of ion sources, even soft ionization techniques (i.e., electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization [MALDI]). These artifacts can cause many problems for lipidomics, especially when the fragment ions correspond to/are isomeric species of other endogenous lipid species in complex biological samples. These commonly observed artifacts could lead to misannotation, false identification, and consequently, incorrect attribution of phenotypes, and will have negative impact on any MS-based lipidomics research including but not limited to biomarker discovery, drug development, etc. Liquid chromatography-MS, shotgun lipidomics, and MALDI-MS imaging are three representative lipidomics approaches in which ion source-generated artifacts are all manifested and are comprehensively summarized in this article. The strategies on how to avoid/reduce the artifacts of in-source fragmentation on lipidomics analysis are also discussed in detail. We believe that with the recognition and avoidance of ion source-generated artifacts, MS-based lipidomics approaches will provide better accuracy on comprehensive analysis of biological samples and will make greater contribution to the research on metabolism and translational/precision medicine (collectively termed functional lipidomics). © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003 China
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229 USA
- Department of Medicine – Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229 USA
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Dai Y, Tang H, Pang S. The Crucial Roles of Phospholipids in Aging and Lifespan Regulation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:775648. [PMID: 34887779 PMCID: PMC8650052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.775648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers. This basic cellular structure acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults and more importantly, enables multiple cellular processes to occur in subcellular compartments. Numerous studies have linked the complexity of membrane lipids to signal transductions, organelle functions, as well as physiological processes, and human diseases. Recently, crucial roles for membrane lipids in the aging process are beginning to emerge. In this study, we summarized current advances in our understanding of the relationship between membrane lipids and aging with an emphasis on phospholipid species. We surveyed how major phospholipid species change with age in different organisms and tissues, and some common patterns of membrane lipid change during aging were proposed. Further, the functions of different phospholipid molecules in regulating healthspan and lifespan, as well as their potential mechanisms of action, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiqing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Wu H, Cao R, Wei S, Pathan-Chhatbar S, Wen M, Wu B, Schamel WW, Wang S, OuYang B. Cholesterol Binds in a Reversed Orientation to TCRβ-TM in Which Its OH Group is Localized to the Center of the Lipid Bilayer. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167328. [PMID: 34688686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in response to antigen recognition is essential for the adaptive immune response. Cholesterol keeps TCRs in the resting conformation and mediates TCR clustering by directly binding to the transmembrane domain of the TCRβ subunit (TCRβ-TM), while cholesterol sulfate (CS) displaces cholesterol from TCRβ. However, the atomic interaction of cholesterol or CS with TCRβ remains elusive. Here, we determined the cholesterol and CS binding site of TCRβ-TM in phospholipid bilayers using solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Cholesterol binds to the transmembrane residues within a CARC-like cholesterol recognition motif. Surprisingly, the polar OH group of cholesterol is placed in the hydrophobic center of the lipid bilayer stabilized by its polar interaction with K154 of TCRβ-TM. An aromatic interaction with Y158 and hydrophobic interactions with V160 and L161 stabilize this reverse orientation. CS binds to the same site, explaining how it competes with cholesterol. Site-directed mutagenesis of the CARC-like motif disrupted the cholesterol/CS binding to TCRβ-TM, validating the NMR and MD results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shukun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Salma Pathan-Chhatbar
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Clinics and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maorong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Clinics and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Shuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Bo OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhou L, Tong H, Tang H, Pang S. Fatty acid desaturation is essential for C. elegans longevity at high temperature. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111586. [PMID: 34655615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is crucial for the adaptation to environmental temperature stress. It is generally accepted that fatty acid (FA) desaturation is suppressed at high temperature, which decreases the ratio of unsaturated FAs to saturated FAs (UFAs/SFAs) to maintain the fluidity of cell membranes and favor cellular survival. Here by working in C. elegans, we found that FA desaturation is essential for longevity in response to temperature upshift at the organismal level, opposite to its role in cellular survival. High temperature unexpectedly increases the contents of total fat and multiple UFA species. Specifically, monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) is required for animal survival at high temperature. Mechanistic study showed that OA acts through HSF-1, which in turn promotes histone acetylation as well as the expression of defense genes that are crucial for longevity at high temperature. Together, our findings reveal an unprecedented role for FA desaturation in organismal fitness to temperature upshift, and implicate divergent metabolic requirements between cellular and organismal survival upon temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haixiang Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Haiqing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Shanshan Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Wang S, Tan KS, Beng H, Liu F, Huang J, Kuai Y, Zhang R, Tan W. Protective effect of isosteviol sodium against LPS-induced multiple organ injury by regulating of glycerophospholipid metabolism and reducing macrophage-driven inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105781. [PMID: 34302975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe inflammatory disorder that can lead to multiple organ injury. Isosteviol sodium (STV-Na) is a terpenoid derived from stevioside that exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities. However, the influence of STV-Na on sepsis remains unknown. Here, we assessed the potential effects of STV-Na on sepsis and multiple organ injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that STV-Na increased the survival rate of mice treat with LPS, significantly improved the functions of the heart, lung, liver, and kidney, reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines and decreased macrophage infiltration. Moreover, Multiorgan metabolomics analysis demonstrated that glutathione metabolism, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, were significantly altered by STV-Na. This study provides novel insights into the metabolite changes of multiple organ injury in septic mice, which may help characterize the underlying mechanism and provide an improved understanding of the therapeutic effects of STV-Na on sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China.
| | - Huimin Beng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiandong Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yihe Kuai
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wen Tan
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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38
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Harnessing Metabolic Reprogramming to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910268. [PMID: 34638609 PMCID: PMC8508898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune escape is one of the hallmarks of cancer. While metabolic reprogramming provides survival advantage to tumor cancer cells, accumulating data also suggest such metabolic rewiring directly affects the activation, differentiation and function of immune cells, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding how metabolic reprogramming affects both tumor and immune cells, as well as their interplay, is therefore critical to better modulate tumor immune microenvironment in the era of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss alterations in several essential metabolic pathways in both tumor and key immune cells, provide evidence on their dynamic interaction, and propose innovative strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy via the modulation of metabolic pathways.
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Urbančič I, Schiffelers L, Jenkins E, Gong W, Santos AM, Schneider F, O'Brien-Ball C, Vuong MT, Ashman N, Sezgin E, Eggeling C. Aggregation and mobility of membrane proteins interplay with local lipid order in the plasma membrane of T cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2127-2146. [PMID: 34160065 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To disentangle the elusive lipid-protein interactions in T-cell activation, we investigate how externally imposed variations in mobility of key membrane proteins (T-cell receptor [TCR], kinase Lck, and phosphatase CD45) affect the local lipid order and protein colocalisation. Using spectral imaging with polarity-sensitive membrane probes in model membranes and live Jurkat T cells, we find that partial immobilisation of proteins (including TCR) by aggregation or ligand binding changes their preference towards a more ordered lipid environment, which can recruit Lck. Our data suggest that the cellular membrane is poised to modulate the frequency of protein encounters upon alterations of their mobility, for example in ligand binding, which offers new mechanistic insight into the involvement of lipid-mediated interactions in membrane-hosted signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztok Urbančič
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lisa Schiffelers
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Weijian Gong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Falk Schneider
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mai Tuyet Vuong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Ashman
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
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40
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LXR directly regulates glycosphingolipid synthesis and affects human CD4+ T cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017394118. [PMID: 34006637 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017394118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver X receptor (LXR) is a key transcriptional regulator of cholesterol, fatty acid, and phospholipid metabolism. Dynamic remodeling of immunometabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, is a crucial step in T cell activation. Here, we explored the role of LXR-regulated metabolic processes in primary human CD4+ T cells and their role in controlling plasma membrane lipids (glycosphingolipids and cholesterol), which strongly influence T cell immune signaling and function. Crucially, we identified the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis enzyme glucosylceramide synthase as a direct transcriptional LXR target. LXR activation by agonist GW3965 or endogenous oxysterol ligands significantly altered the glycosphingolipid:cholesterol balance in the plasma membrane by increasing glycosphingolipid levels and reducing cholesterol. Consequently, LXR activation lowered plasma membrane lipid order (stability), and an LXR antagonist could block this effect. LXR stimulation also reduced lipid order at the immune synapse and accelerated activation of proximal T cell signaling molecules. Ultimately, LXR activation dampened proinflammatory T cell function. Finally, compared with responder T cells, regulatory T cells had a distinct pattern of LXR target gene expression corresponding to reduced lipid order. This suggests LXR-driven lipid metabolism could contribute to functional specialization of these T cell subsets. Overall, we report a mode of action for LXR in T cells involving the regulation of glycosphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism and demonstrate its relevance in modulating T cell function.
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41
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Van Acker HH, Ma S, Scolaro T, Kaech SM, Mazzone M. How metabolism bridles cytotoxic CD8 + T cells through epigenetic modifications. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:401-417. [PMID: 33867272 PMCID: PMC9681987 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the direct competition for metabolic resources between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, the latter are bound to lose out. These effector lymphocytes are therefore rendered exhausted or dysfunctional. Emerging insights into the mechanisms of T cell unresponsiveness in the tumor microenvironment (TME) point towards epigenetic mechanisms as crucial regulatory factors. In this review, we discuss the effects of characteristic components of the TME, i.e. glucose/amino acid dearth with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), on DNA methylation and histone modifications in CD8+ T cells. We then take a closer look at the translational potential of epigenetic interventions that aim to improve current immunotherapeutic strategies, including the adoptive transfer of T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Shixin Ma
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tommaso Scolaro
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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42
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Bao H. Developing Nanodisc-ID for label-free characterizations of membrane proteins. Commun Biol 2021; 4:514. [PMID: 33931748 PMCID: PMC8087782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) influence all aspects of life, such as tumorigenesis, immune response, and neural transmission. However, characterization of MPs is challenging, as it often needs highly specialized techniques inaccessible to many labs. We herein introduce nanodisc-ID that enables quantitative analysis of membrane proteins using a gel electrophoresis readout. By leveraging the power of nanodiscs and proximity labeling, nanodisc-ID serves both as scaffolds for encasing biochemical reactions and as sensitive reagents for detecting membrane protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions. We demonstrate this label-free and low-cost tool by characterizing a wide range of integral and peripheral membrane proteins from prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Bao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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43
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Lamerton RE, Lightfoot A, Nieves DJ, Owen DM. The Role of Protein and Lipid Clustering in Lymphocyte Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600961. [PMID: 33767692 PMCID: PMC7986720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes must strike a delicate balance between activating in response to signals from potentially pathogenic organisms and avoiding activation from stimuli emanating from the body's own cells. For cells, such as T or B cells, maximizing the efficiency and fidelity, whilst minimizing the crosstalk, of complex signaling pathways is crucial. One way of achieving this control is by carefully orchestrating the spatiotemporal organization of signaling molecules, thereby regulating the rates of protein-protein interactions. This is particularly true at the plasma membrane where proximal signaling events take place and the phenomenon of protein microclustering has been extensively observed and characterized. This review will focus on what is known about the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and lipids at the cell surface, illustrating how such distributions can influence signaling in health and disease. We particularly focus on nanoscale molecular organization, which has recently become accessible for study through advances in microscope technology and analysis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lamerton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Potentiating CD8 + T cell antitumor activity by inhibiting PCSK9 to promote LDLR-mediated TCR recycling and signaling. Protein Cell 2021; 12:240-260. [PMID: 33606190 PMCID: PMC8018994 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8+ T cell antitumor activity. Besides the involvement of cholesterol uptake which is mediated by LDLR in T cell priming and clonal expansion, we also found a non-canonical function of LDLR in CD8+ T cells: LDLR interacts with the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex and regulates TCR recycling and signaling, thus facilitating the effector function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Furthermore, we found that the tumor microenvironment (TME) downregulates CD8+ T cell LDLR level and TCR signaling via tumor cell-derived proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) which binds to LDLR and prevents the recycling of LDLR and TCR to the plasma membrane thus inhibits the effector function of CTLs. Moreover, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 in tumor cells can enhance the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells by alleviating the suppressive effect on CD8+ T cells and consequently inhibit tumor progression. While previously established as a hypercholesterolemia target, this study highlights PCSK9/LDLR as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy as well.
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45
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Mocking RJT, Naviaux JC, Li K, Wang L, Monk JM, Bright AT, Figueroa CA, Schene AH, Ruhé HG, Assies J, Naviaux RK. Metabolic features of recurrent major depressive disorder in remission, and the risk of future recurrence. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33431800 PMCID: PMC7801396 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) is a relapsing-remitting disease with high morbidity and a 5-year risk of recurrence of up to 80%. This was a prospective pilot study to examine the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of targeted plasma metabolomics in the care of patients with rMDD in remission. We used an established LC-MS/MS platform to measure 399 metabolites in 68 subjects with rMDD (n = 45 females and 23 males) in antidepressant-free remission and 59 age- and sex-matched controls (n = 40 females and 19 males). Patients were then followed prospectively for 2.5 years. Metabolomics explained up to 43% of the phenotypic variance. The strongest biomarkers were gender specific. 80% of the metabolic predictors of recurrence in both males and females belonged to 6 pathways: (1) phospholipids, (2) sphingomyelins, (3) glycosphingolipids, (4) eicosanoids, (5) microbiome, and (6) purines. These changes traced to altered mitochondrial regulation of cellular redox, signaling, energy, and lipid metabolism. Metabolomics identified a chemical endophenotype that could be used to stratify rrMDD patients at greatest risk for recurrence with an accuracy over 0.90 (95%CI = 0.69-1.0). Power calculations suggest that a validation study of at least 198 females and 198 males (99 cases and 99 controls each) will be needed to confirm these results. Although a small study, these results are the first to show the potential utility of metabolomics in assisting with the important clinical challenge of prospectively identifying the patients at greatest risk of recurrence of a depressive episode and those who are at lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - A Taylor Bright
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Colt Neck Labs, 838 E High St 202., Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Caroline A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Assies
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
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Pathan-Chhatbar S, Drechsler C, Richter K, Morath A, Wu W, OuYang B, Xu C, Schamel WW. Direct Regulation of the T Cell Antigen Receptor's Activity by Cholesterol. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:615996. [PMID: 33490080 PMCID: PMC7820176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes consist of hundreds of different lipids that together with the embedded transmembrane (TM) proteins organize themselves into small nanodomains. In addition to this function of lipids, TM regions of proteins bind to lipids in a very specific manner, but the function of these TM region-lipid interactions is mostly unknown. In this review, we focus on the role of plasma membrane cholesterol, which directly binds to the αβ T cell antigen receptor (TCR), and has at least two opposing functions in αβ TCR activation. On the one hand, cholesterol binding to the TM domain of the TCRβ subunit keeps the TCR in an inactive, non-signaling conformation by stabilizing this conformation. This assures that the αβ T cell remains quiescent in the absence of antigenic peptide-MHC (the TCR's ligand) and decreases the sensitivity of the T cell toward stimulation. On the other hand, cholesterol binding to TCRβ leads to an increased formation of TCR nanoclusters, increasing the avidity of the TCRs toward the antigen, thus increasing the sensitivity of the αβ T cell. In mouse models, pharmacological increase of the cholesterol concentration in T cells caused an increase in TCR clustering, and thereby enhanced anti-tumor responses. In contrast, the γδ TCR does not bind to cholesterol and might be regulated in a different manner. The goal of this review is to put these seemingly controversial findings on the impact of cholesterol on the αβ TCR into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Pathan-Chhatbar
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carina Drechsler
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Richter
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Disease Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Morath
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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47
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Metabolic Dynamics of In Vitro CD8+ T Cell Activation. Metabolites 2020; 11:metabo11010012. [PMID: 33379404 PMCID: PMC7823996 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells detect and kill infected or cancerous cells. When activated from their naïve state, T cells undergo a complex transition, including major metabolic reprogramming. Detailed resolution of metabolic dynamics is needed to advance the field of immunometabolism. Here, we outline methodologies that when utilized in parallel achieve broad coverage of the metabolome. Specifically, we used a combination of 2 flow injection analysis (FIA) and 3 liquid chromatography (LC) methods in combination with positive and negative mode high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) to study the transition from naïve to effector T cells with fine-grained time resolution. Depending on the method, between 54% and 98% of measured metabolic features change in a time-dependent manner, with the major changes in both polar metabolites and lipids occurring in the first 48 h. The statistical analysis highlighted the remodeling of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway, with marked differences in the dynamics of precursors, intermediates, and cofactors. Moreover, phosphatidylcholines, the major class of membrane lipids, underwent a drastic shift in acyl chain composition with polyunsaturated species decreasing from 60% to 25% of the total pool and specifically depleting species containing a 20:4 fatty acid. We hope that this data set with a total of over 11,000 features recorded with multiple MS methodologies for 9 time points will be a useful resource for future work.
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48
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Meng X, Wu X, Zheng Y, Shang K, Jing R, Jiao P, Zhou C, Zhou J, Sun J. Exploiting Ca 2+ signaling in T cells to advance cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101434. [PMID: 33272900 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decades of basic research has established the importance of Ca2+ to various T cell functions, such as cytotoxicity, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. We now have a good understanding of how proximal TCR signaling initiates Ca2+ influx and how this influx subsequently changes transcriptional activities in T cells. As chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy has achieved great clinical success, is it possible to harness Ca2+ signaling to further advance CAR-T research? How is CAR signaling different from TCR signaling? How can functional CARs be identified in a high-throughput way? Quantification of various Ca2+ signals downstream of CAR/TCR activation might help answer these questions. Here we first summarized recent studies that used Ca2+ dye, genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECI) or transcriptional activity reporters to understand CAR activation in vitro and in vivo. We next reviewed several proof-of-concept reports that manipulate Ca2+ signaling by light or ultrasound to achieve precise spatiotemporal control of T cell functions. These efforts, though preliminary, opened up new avenues to solve the on-target/off-tumor problem of therapeutic T cells. Other modalities to regulate Ca2+ signaling, such as radio wave and electrical pulse, were also discussed. Thus, monitoring or manipulating Ca2+ signaling in T cells provides us many opportunities to advance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyuan Zheng
- School of Public Health, and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Shang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruirui Jing
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- School of Public Health, and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
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Lühr JJ, Alex N, Amon L, Kräter M, Kubánková M, Sezgin E, Lehmann CHK, Heger L, Heidkamp GF, Smith AS, Zaburdaev V, Böckmann RA, Levental I, Dustin ML, Eggeling C, Guck J, Dudziak D. Maturation of Monocyte-Derived DCs Leads to Increased Cellular Stiffness, Higher Membrane Fluidity, and Changed Lipid Composition. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590121. [PMID: 33329576 PMCID: PMC7728921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. Upon sensing pathogenic material in their environment, DCs start to mature, which includes cellular processes, such as antigen uptake, processing and presentation, as well as upregulation of costimulatory molecules and cytokine secretion. During maturation, DCs detach from peripheral tissues, migrate to the nearest lymph node, and find their way into the correct position in the net of the lymph node microenvironment to meet and interact with the respective T cells. We hypothesize that the maturation of DCs is well prepared and optimized leading to processes that alter various cellular characteristics from mechanics and metabolism to membrane properties. Here, we investigated the mechanical properties of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) using real-time deformability cytometry to measure cytoskeletal changes and found that mature moDCs were stiffer compared to immature moDCs. These cellular changes likely play an important role in the processes of cell migration and T cell activation. As lipids constitute the building blocks of the plasma membrane, which, during maturation, need to adapt to the environment for migration and DC-T cell interaction, we performed an unbiased high-throughput lipidomics screening to identify the lipidome of moDCs. These analyses revealed that the overall lipid composition was significantly changed during moDC maturation, even implying an increase of storage lipids and differences of the relative abundance of membrane lipids upon maturation. Further, metadata analyses demonstrated that lipid changes were associated with the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol levels in the blood of the donors. Finally, using lipid packing imaging we found that the membrane of mature moDCs revealed a higher fluidity compared to immature moDCs. This comprehensive and quantitative characterization of maturation associated changes in moDCs sets the stage for improving their use in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Lühr
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Nano-Optics, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nils Alex
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biological Optomechanics, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markéta Kubánková
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biological Optomechanics, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Raddcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon F. Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Mathematics in Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer A. Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilya Levental
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Raddcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technologies e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biological Optomechanics, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Kumari R, Palaniyandi S, Hildebrandt GC. Metabolic Reprogramming-A New Era How to Prevent and Treat Graft Versus Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Has Begun. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588449. [PMID: 33343357 PMCID: PMC7748087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the solitary therapeutic therapy for many types of hematological cancers. The benefits of this procedure are challenged by graft vs. host disease (GVHD), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in the metabolomics field have revolutionized our understanding of complex human diseases, clinical diagnostics and allow to trace the de novo biosynthesis of metabolites. There is growing evidence for metabolomics playing a role in different aspects of GVHD, and therefore metabolomic reprogramming presents a novel tool for this disease. Pre-transplant cytokine profiles and metabolic status of allogeneic transplant recipients is shown to be linked with a threat of acute GVHD. Immune reactions underlying the pathophysiology of GVHD involve higher proliferation and migration of immune cells to the target site, requiring shifts in energy supply and demand. Metabolic changes and reduced availability of oxygen result in tissue and cellular hypoxia which is extensive enough to trigger transcriptional and translational changes. T cells, major players in acute GVHD pathophysiology, show increased glucose uptake and glycolytic activity. Effector T (Teff) cells activated during nutrient limiting conditions in vitro or multiplying during GVHD in vivo, depend more on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Dyslipidemia, such as the increase of medium and long chain fatty and polyunsaturated acids in plasma of GVHD patients, has been observed. Sphingolipids associate with inflammatory conditions and cancer. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) patients show reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and increased sulfur-containing metabolites post HSCT. Microbiota-derived metabolites such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, bile acids, plasmalogens and short chain fatty acids vary significantly and affect allogeneic immune responses during acute GVHD. Considering the multitude of possibilities, how altered metabolomics are involved in GVHD biology, multi-timepoints related and multivariable biomarker panels for prognosticating and understanding GVHD are needed. In this review, we will discuss the recent work addressing metabolomics reprogramming to control GVHD in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerhard C. Hildebrandt
- Division of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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