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Heffernan DS, Chun TT, Monaghan SF, Chung CS, Ayala A. invariant Natural Killer T Cells Modulate the Peritoneal Macrophage Response to Polymicrobial Sepsis. J Surg Res 2024; 300:211-220. [PMID: 38824851 PMCID: PMC11246799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A dysregulated immune system is a major driver of the mortality and long-term morbidity from sepsis. With respect to macrophages, it has been shown that phenotypic changes are critical to effector function in response to acute infections, including intra-abdominal sepsis. Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) have emerged as potential central regulators of the immune response to a variety of infectious insults. Specifically, various iNKT cell:macrophage interactions have been noted across a spectrum of diseases, including acute events such as sepsis. However, the potential for iNKT cells to affect peritoneal macrophages during an abdominal septic event is as yet unknown. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed in both wild type (WT) and invariant natural killer T cell knockout (iNKT-/-) mice. 24 h following CLP or sham operation, peritoneal macrophages were collected for analysis. Analysis of macrophage phenotype and function was undertaken to include analysis of bactericidal activity and cytokine or superoxide production. RESULTS Within iNKT-/- mice, a greater degree of intraperitoneal macrophages in response to the sepsis was noted. Compared to WT mice, within iNKT-/- mice, CLP did induce an increase in CD86+ and CD206+, but no difference in CD11b+. Unlike WT mice, intra-abdominal sepsis within iNKT-/- mice induced an increase in Ly6C-int (5.2% versus 14.9%; P < 0.05) and a decrease in Ly6C-high on peritoneal macrophages. Unlike phagocytosis, iNKT cells did not affect macrophage bactericidal activity. Although iNKT cells did not affect interleukin-6 production, iNKT cells did affect IL-10 production and both nitrite and superoxide production from peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The observations indicate that iNKT cells affect specific phenotypic and functional aspects of peritoneal macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis. Given that pharmacologic agents that affect iNKT cell functioning are currently in clinical trial, these findings may have the potential for translation to critically ill surgical patients with abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Tristen T Chun
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Li J, Moresco P, Fearon DT. Intratumoral NKT cell accumulation promotes antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403917121. [PMID: 38980903 PMCID: PMC11260137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403917121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a potentially lethal disease lacking effective treatments. Its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) allows it to evade host immunosurveillance and limits response to immunotherapy. Here, using the mouse KRT19-deficient (sgKRT19-edited) PDA model, we find that intratumoral accumulation of natural killer T (NKT) cells is required to establish an immunologically active TME. Mechanistically, intratumoral NKT cells facilitate type I interferon (IFN) production to initiate an antitumor adaptive immune response, and orchestrate the intratumoral infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. At the molecular level, NKT cells promote the production of type I IFN through the interaction of their CD40L with CD40 on myeloid cells. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of these observations, we find that administration of folinic acid to mice bearing PDA increases NKT cells in the TME and improves their response to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. In conclusion, NKT cells have an essential role in the immune response to mouse PDA and are potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Li
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| | - Philip Moresco
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | - Douglas T. Fearon
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
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Wang Q, Chen S, Guo Z, Xia S, Zhang M. NK-like CD8 T cell: one potential evolutionary continuum between adaptive memory and innate immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 217:136-150. [PMID: 38651831 PMCID: PMC11239564 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells are crucial adaptive immune cells with cytotoxicity to fight against pathogens or abnormal self-cells via major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent priming pathways. The composition of the memory CD8 T-cell pool is influenced by various factors. Physiological aging, chronic viral infection, and autoimmune diseases promote the accumulation of CD8 T cells with highly differentiated memory phenotypes. Accumulating studies have shown that some of these memory CD8 T cells also exhibit innate-like cytotoxicity and upregulate the expression of receptors associated with natural killer (NK) cells. Further analysis shows that these NK-like CD8 T cells have transcriptional profiles of both NK and CD8 T cells, suggesting the transformation of CD8 T cells into NK cells. However, the specific induction mechanism underlying NK-like transformation and the implications of this process for CD8 T cells are still unclear. This review aimed to deduce the possible differentiation model of NK-like CD8 T cells, summarize the functions of major NK-cell receptors expressed on these cells, and provide a new perspective for exploring the role of these CD8 T cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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4
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Di Domenico M, Serretiello E, Smimmo A, Vieira e Silva FF, Raimondi SA, Pascariello C, Marino MM, Lo Muzio L, Caponio VCA, Cantore S, Ballini A. Monitoring of Immune Memory by Phenotypical Lymphocyte Subsets Identikit: An Observational Study in a Blood Donors' Cohort. J Pers Med 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 39063987 PMCID: PMC11277854 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune response represents the first defense weapon against the threat of pathogens. Substantial evidence has shown a relationship between immune phenotype lymphocytes and COVID-19 disease severity and/or implication in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, belonging to ABO blood groups has been investigated as a correlation factor to COVID-19 disease. This pilot study investigated lymphocyte typing in a cohort of blood donors to understand the underlying mechanism in SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to the blood group. The study cohort consisted of 20-64-year-old subjects, without comorbidities, from both sexes, who were COVID-19 vaccinated with previous or no infection history. Whole blood samples, collected at A.O.R.N. Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano Hospital (Campania Region), were processed by multiparametric cytofluorimetric assay, to characterize CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell CD3+ subpopulations. The CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, CD28, CD57 and PD-1 markers were investigated to delineate the peripheral T-cell maturation stages. Differences were detected in ABO blood types in CD3+, CD4+ gated on CD3+, CD8+ and CD8+ gated on CD3+ percentage. These results contribute to identifying a memory cell "identikit" profile in COVID-19 disease, thus leading to a useful tool in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Enrica Serretiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annafrancesca Smimmo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Fábio França Vieira e Silva
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Sonia Anna Raimondi
- Azienda Ospedaliera “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.A.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Caterina Pascariello
- Azienda Ospedaliera “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.A.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Michela Marino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.L.M.); (V.C.A.C.)
| | - Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.L.M.); (V.C.A.C.)
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.L.M.); (V.C.A.C.)
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Petrovic A, Jovanovic I, Stojanovic B, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Stojanovic BS, Jurisevic M, Simovic Markovic B, Jovanovic M, Jovanovic M, Jovanovic M, Gajovic N. Harnessing Metformin's Immunomodulatory Effects on Immune Cells to Combat Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5869. [PMID: 38892058 PMCID: PMC11172298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a medication known for its anti-glycemic properties, also demonstrates potent immune system activation. In our study, using a 4T1 breast cancer model in BALB/C WT mice, we examined metformin's impact on the functional phenotype of multiple immune cells, with a specific emphasis on natural killer T (NKT) cells due to their understudied role in this context. Metformin administration delayed the appearance and growth of carcinoma. Furthermore, metformin increased the percentage of IFN-γ+ NKT cells, and enhanced CD107a expression, as measured by MFI, while decreasing PD-1+, FoxP3+, and IL-10+ NKT cells in spleens of metformin-treated mice. In primary tumors, metformin increased the percentage of NKp46+ NKT cells and increased FasL expression, while lowering the percentages of FoxP3+, PD-1+, and IL-10-producing NKT cells and KLRG1 expression. Activation markers increased, and immunosuppressive markers declined in T cells from both the spleen and tumors. Furthermore, metformin decreased IL-10+ and FoxP3+ Tregs, along with Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in spleens, and in tumor tissue, it decreased IL-10+ and FoxP3+ Tregs, Gr-1+, NF-κB+, and iNOS+ MDSCs, and iNOS+ dendritic cells (DCs), while increasing the DCs quantity. Additionally, increased expression levels of MIP1a, STAT4, and NFAT in splenocytes were found. These comprehensive findings illustrate metformin's broad immunomodulatory impact across a variety of immune cells, including stimulating NKT cells and T cells, while inhibiting Tregs and MDSCs. This dynamic modulation may potentiate its use in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting its potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment across a spectrum of immune cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Petrovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana S Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Jovanovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Jovanovic
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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6
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Bugakova AS, Chudakova DA, Myzina MS, Yanysheva EP, Ozerskaya IV, Soboleva AV, Baklaushev VP, Yusubalieva GM. Non-Tumor Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment-The "Eminence Grise" of the Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Potential Targets for Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:808. [PMID: 38786032 PMCID: PMC11119139 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. GBM has high levels of therapy failure and its prognosis is usually dismal. The phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor cells, dynamic complexity of non-tumor cell populations within the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME), and their bi-directional cross-talk contribute to the challenges of current therapeutic approaches. Herein, we discuss the etiology of GBM, and describe several major types of non-tumor cells within its TME, their impact on GBM pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms of such an impact. We also discuss their value as potential therapeutic targets or prognostic biomarkers, with reference to the most recent works on this subject. We conclude that unless all "key player" populations of non-tumor cells within the TME are considered, no breakthrough in developing treatment for GBM can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Bugakova
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Chudakova
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Myzina
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira P. Yanysheva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia V. Ozerskaya
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology of Medical and Biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Boonchalermvichian C, Yan H, Gupta B, Rubin A, Baker J, Negrin RS. invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in hematological malignancies. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1353803. [PMID: 38993780 PMCID: PMC11235242 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1353803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy is an emerging platform of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. This unique cell population is a promising candidate for cell therapy for cancer treatment because of its inherent cytotoxicity against CD1d positive cancers as well as its ability to induce host CD8 T cell cross priming. Substantial evidence supports that iNKT cells can modulate myelomonocytic populations in the tumor microenvironment to ameliorate immune dysregulation to antagonize tumor progression. iNKT cells can also protect from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) through several mechanisms, including the expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg). Ultimately, iNKT cell-based therapy can retain antitumor activity while providing protection against GVHD simultaneously. Therefore, these biological properties render iNKT cells as a promising "off-the-shelf" therapy for diverse hematological malignancies and possible solid tumors. Further the introduction of a chimeric antigen recetor (CAR) can further target iNKT cells and enhance function. We foresee that improved vector design and other strategies such as combinatorial treatments with small molecules or immune checkpoint inhibitors could improve CAR iNKT in vivo persistence, functionality and leverage anti-tumor activity along with the abatement of iNKT cell dysfunction or exhaustion.
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Xu X, Zhang J, Xing H, Han L, Li X, Wu P, Tang J, Jing L, Luo J, Luo J, Liu L. Identification of metabolism-related key genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9040. [PMID: 38641637 PMCID: PMC11031595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune disease, is characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. A biomarker is a biological entity that contributes to disease pathogenesis and reflects disease activity. Metabolic alterations are reported to be associated with the occurrence of various diseases. As metabolic biomarkers for ITP have not been identified. This study aimed to identify metabolism-related differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of ITP using bioinformatic analyses.The microarray expression data of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE112278 download link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE112278 ). Key module genes were intersected with metabolism-related genes to obtain the metabolism-related key candidate genes. The hub genes were screened based on the degree function in the coytoscape sofware. The key ITP-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to evaluate the differential infiltration levels of immune cell types between ITP patient and control. Molecular subtypes were identified based on the expression of hub genes. The expression of hub genes in the ITP patients was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study identified five hub genes (ADH4, CYP7A1, CYP1A2, CYP8B1, and NR1H4), which were be associated with the pathogenesis of ITP, and two molecular subtypes of ITP. Among these hub genes, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 involved in cholesterol metabolism,were further verified in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengqiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jirui Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Saavedra-Avila NA, Pigni NB, Caldwell DR, Chena-Becerra F, Intano J, Ng TW, Chennamadhavuni D, Porcelli SA, Gascón JA, Howell AR. A Humanized Mouse Model Coupled with Computational Analysis Identifies Potent Glycolipid Agonist of Invariant NKT Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:926-937. [PMID: 38477945 PMCID: PMC11075374 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in many innate and adaptive immune responses, with potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. The glycolipid KRN7000, an α-galactosylceramide, potently activates iNKT cells but has shown limited anticancer effects in human clinical trials conducted so far. In spite of almost three decades of structure-activity relationship studies, no alternative glycolipid has yet emerged as a superior clinical candidate. One reason for the slow progress in this area is that standard mouse models do not accurately reflect the specific ligand recognition by human iNKT cells and their requirements for activation. Here we evaluated a series of KRN7000 analogues using a recently developed humanized mouse model that expresses a human αTCR chain sequence and human CD1d. In this process, a more stimulatory, previously reported but largely overlooked glycolipid was identified, and its activity was probed and rationalized via molecular simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | - Natalia B. Pigni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC CONICET-UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | | | - Florencia Chena-Becerra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | - Jose Intano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
| | - Tony W. Ng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | - José A. Gascón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
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Yazdanpanah E, Dadfar S, Shadab A, Orooji N, Nemati M, Pazoki A, Esmaeili SA, Baharlou R, Haghmorad D. Berberine: A natural modulator of immune cells in multiple sclerosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1213. [PMID: 38477663 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in such plants as Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aristata, and others, revealing a variety of pharmacological properties as a result of interacting with different cellular and molecular targets. Recent studies have shown the immunomodulatory effects of Berberine which result from its impacts on immune cells and immune response mediators such as diverse T lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), and different inflammatory cytokines. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the recruitment of autoreactive T cells into the CNS causing demyelination, axonal damage, and oligodendrocyte loss. There have been considerable changes discovered in MS regards to the function and frequency of T cell subsets such as Th1 cells, Th17 cells, Th2 cells, Treg cells, and DCs. In the current research, we reviewed the outcomes of in vitro, experimental, and clinical investigations concerning the modulatory effects that Berberine provides on the function and numbers of T cell subsets and DCs, as well as important cytokines that are involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepehr Dadfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Orooji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - MohammadHossein Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pazoki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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11
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Kamii Y, Hayashizaki K, Kanno T, Chiba A, Ikegami T, Saito M, Akeda Y, Ohteki T, Kubo M, Yoshida K, Kawakami K, Oishi K, Araya J, Kuwano K, Kronenberg M, Endo Y, Kinjo Y. IL-27 regulates the differentiation of follicular helper NKT cells via metabolic adaptation of mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313964121. [PMID: 38394242 PMCID: PMC10907256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313964121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that express an invariant T cell receptor α chain and contribute to bridging innate and acquired immunity with rapid production of large amounts of cytokines after stimulation. Among effecter subsets of iNKT cells, follicular helper NKT (NKTFH) cells are specialized to help B cells. However, the mechanisms of NKTFH cell differentiation remain to be elucidated. In this report, we studied the mechanism of NKTFH cell differentiation induced by pneumococcal surface protein A and α-galactosylceramide (P/A) vaccination. We found that Gr-1+ cells helped iNKT cell proliferation and NKTFH cell differentiation in the spleen by producing interleukin-27 (IL-27) in the early phase after vaccination. The neutralization of IL-27 impaired NKTFH cell differentiation, which resulted in compromised antibody production and diminished protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by the P/A vaccine. Our data indicated that Gr-1+ cell-derived IL-27 stimulated mitochondrial metabolism, meeting the energic demand required for iNKT cells to differentiate into NKTFH cells. Interestingly, Gr-1+ cell-derived IL-27 was induced by iNKT cells via interferon-γ production. Collectively, our findings suggest that optimizing the metabolism of iNKT cells was essential for acquiring specific effector functions, and they provide beneficial knowledge on iNKT cell-mediated vaccination-mediated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kamii
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashizaki
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba292-0818, Japan
| | - Akio Chiba
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Taku Ikegami
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo113-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba278-0022, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi980-8575, Japan
| | | | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA92037
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba292-0818, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
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12
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Takami M, Aoki T, Nishimura K, Tanaka H, Onodera A, Motohashi S. Anti-Vα24Jα18 TCR Antibody Tunes iNKT Cell Responses to Target and Kill CD1d-negative Tumors in an FcγRII (CD32)-dependent Manner. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:446-459. [PMID: 38319156 PMCID: PMC10875981 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an essential role in antitumor immunity by exerting cytotoxicity and producing massive amounts of cytokines. iNKT cells express invariant T-cell receptors (TCR) to recognize their cognate glycolipid antigens such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) presented on CD1d. We recently reported that iNKT cells recognize CD1d-negative leukemia cell line K562 in a TCR-dependent manner. However, it remains controversial how iNKT cells use TCRs to recognize and exhibit cytotoxic activity toward CD1d-negative tumors cells without CD1d restriction. Here, we report that iNKT cells exerted cytotoxicity toward K562 cells via a carried over anti-Vα24 TCR mAb from positive selection by magnetic bead sorting. We found that addition of the anti-Vα24Jα18 TCR mAb (6B11 mAb) rendered iNKT cells cytotoxic to K562 cells in an FcγRII (CD32)-dependent manner. Moreover, iNKT cells treated with 6B11 mAb became cytotoxic to other CD32+ cell lines (U937 and Daudi). In addition, iNKT cells treated with 6B11 mAb suppressed K562 cell growth in a murine xenograft model in vivo. These data suggest that anti-iNKT TCR mAb treatment of iNKT cells can be applied as a therapeutic strategy to treat CD32+ cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings unveiled that iNKT cells recognize and kill CD1d-negative target tumors via the anti-iNKT TCR mAb bound to CD32 at the tumor site, thereby bridging iNKT cells and CD1d-negative tumors. These findings shed light on the therapeutic potential of anti-iNKT TCR mAbs in NKT cell-based immunotherapy to treat CD1d-negative CD32+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Takami
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Aoki
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Nishimura
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Kronenberg M, Engel I. NKT cells in the antitumor response: the β version? J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177663. [PMID: 38357925 PMCID: PMC10866647 DOI: 10.1172/jci177663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
NKT cells recognize glycolipids presented by CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and include type I NKT cells with antitumor function and type II NKT cells, which have been reported to suppress the antitumor response. Some type II NKT cells recognize sulfatide, a glycosphingolipid with a sulfate modification of the sugar. Type I NKT cells recognize different glycosphingolipids. In this issue of the JCI, Nishio and colleagues showed that APCs could process sulfatide antigens, analogous to protein processing for peptide-reactive T cells. Antigen processing in lysosomes removed sulfate to generate a glycosphingolipid that stimulated type I NKT cells and thereby turned an antigen with no antitumor activity into one that not only stimulated type I NKT cells but also stimulated antitumor responses. These findings may extend to the development of glycolipid antigens that could stimulate anticancer responses via antigen processing by APCs.
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14
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Pathak VK, Singh I, Sharma B, Turankar RP, Arora M, Singh SV, Sengupta U. Unveiling the role of NK cells, NKT-like cells, and γδ cells in pathogenesis of type 1 reactions in leprosy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25254. [PMID: 38327455 PMCID: PMC10847912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a disease with spectral clinical manifestations along with two types of reactions, type 1 reaction (T1R) and type 2 reaction (T2R). T1R especially occurs because of the defensive upgradation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to M. leprae antigens. T1R is the main cause of disability in leprosy. The role of conventional adaptive T cells has been well studied to understand T1R. A comprehensive understanding of the role of unconventional T cells in the manifestation of inflammation during T1R is crucial and has not been studied. In our study, we found significantly higher plasma levels of TNFα, IL1β, IL17, and IP10 in T1R when compared to non-reaction (NR). Gene expression for cytokines in blood circulation by qPCR showed significantly higher expression of IFNγ, IP10, TNFα, IL6, IL17A and chemokines CCL3, CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR3 in T1R as compared to NR. Frequencies of NKT-like cells (48.7 %) and NK cells (22.3 %) were found significantly higher in T1R in comparison to NR (36.9 %, 18.3 %, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Significantly lower levels of γδT cells (3.32 %) were observed in T1R in comparison to NR (5.16 %). The present study has provided evidence for the first time on the role of plausible unconventional T cells in the immunopathogenesis of T1R in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Pathak
- Stanley Browne Laboratory, TLM Community Hospital, Nand Nagari, Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Itu Singh
- Stanley Browne Laboratory, TLM Community Hospital, Nand Nagari, Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra, India
| | | | - Mamta Arora
- Clinical Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra, India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Utpal Sengupta
- Stanley Browne Laboratory, TLM Community Hospital, Nand Nagari, Delhi, India
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15
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Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Shao K, Krishnamurthy P, Gershwin ME, Leung PSC, Sokke Umeshappa C. Invariant natural killer T cells in autoimmune cholangiopathies: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103485. [PMID: 38040101 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) constitute a specialized subset of lymphocytes that bridges innate and adaptive immunity through a combination of traits characteristic of both conventional T cells and innate immune cells. iNKT cells are characterized by their invariant T cell receptors and discerning recognition of lipid antigens, which are presented by the non-classical MHC molecule, CD1d. Within the hepatic milieu, iNKT cells hold heightened prominence, contributing significantly to the orchestration of organ homeostasis. Their unique positioning to interact with diverse cellular entities, ranging from epithelial constituents like hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to immunocytes including Kupffer cells, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, imparts them with potent immunoregulatory abilities. Emergering knowledge of liver iNKT cells subsets enable to explore their therapeutic potential in autoimmne liver diseases. This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of iNKT cell investigations in immune-mediated cholangiopathies, with a particular focus on primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, across murine models and human subjects to unravel the intricate involvements of iNKT cells in liver autoimmunity. Additionally, we also highlight the prospectives of iNKT cells as therapeutic targets in cholangiopathies. Modulation of the equilibrium between regulatory and proinflammatory iNKT subsets can be defining determinant in the dynamics of hepatic autoimmunity. This discernment not only enriches our foundational comprehension but also lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to navigate the multifaceted landscape of liver autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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16
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Lu Z, Chai X, Pan Y, Li S. The causality between CD8 +NKT cells and CD16 -CD56 on NK cells with hepatocellular carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:3. [PMID: 38245747 PMCID: PMC10799464 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is featured with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a primary malignant tumor of the liver. Recently, there is a wealth of supporting evidence revealing that NK cell-related immune traits are strongly associated with the development of HCC, but the causality between them has not been proven. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to probe the causal correlation between NK cell-related immune traits and HCC. Genetic variations in NK cell-related immune traits were extracted from recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of individuals with European blood lineage. HCC data were derived from the UK Biobank Consortium's GWAS summary count data, including a total of 372,184 female and male subjects, with 168 cases and 372,016 controls, all of whom are of European ancestry. Sensitivity analysis was mainly used for heterogeneity and pleiotropy testing. RESULTS Our research indicated the causality between NK cell-related immune traits and HCC. Importantly, CD8+NKT cells had protective causal effects on HCC (OR = 0.9996;95%CI,0.9993-0.9999; P = 0.0489). CD16-CD56 caused similar effects on NK cells (OR = 0.9997;95%CI,0.9996-0.9999; P = 0.0117) as CD8+NKT cells. Intercepts from Egger showed no pleiotropy and confounding factors. Furthermore, insufficient evidence was found to support the existence of heterogeneity by Cochran's Q test. CONCLUSION MR analysis suggested that low CD8+NKT cells and CD16-CD56 expression on NK cells were linked with a higher risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmei Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Xiaowei Chai
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
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17
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Deng Z, Ouyang Z, Mei S, Zhang X, Li Q, Meng F, Hu Y, Dai X, Zhou S, Mao K, Huang C, Dai J, Yi C, Tan N, Feng T, Long H, Tian X. Enhancing NKT cell-mediated immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma: Role of XYXD in promoting primary bile acid synthesis and improving gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116945. [PMID: 37490989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 'Xiayuxue decoction' (XYXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound, composing of three natural medicines: Rheum officinale Baill., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch and Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker. It is derived from the famous traditional Chinese medical classics 'Jingui Yaolue' and has been used for thousands of years. In the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary liver Cancer issued by China's Health Commission, XYXD was applied in the treatment of primary liver cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of XYXD in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the active components of XYXD and its distribution in vivo were identified by Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Then, the effective components and mechanism of XYXD against HCC were explored by network pharmacology combined with cell experiments in vitro. Furthermore, the anti-HCC effect of XYXD was determined by animal experiments in vivo. Metagenomic sequencing was used to detect its effect in gut microbiota, and targeted metabolism was used to detect the changes of bile acids in the liver. Finally, the related targets of NKT cell immune function activation were detected by RT-qPCR and Elisa. RESULTS A total of 113 active ingredients in XYXD were identified, and the distribution of active ingredients in blood, liver, tumor, cecum, intestinal contents and feces was clarified. The circulation process and active ingredient group of XYXD were preliminarily clarified. In addition, we found five anti-HCC active ingredients in XYXD through network pharmacology combined with cell experiments in vitro, among which aloe emodin had the most significant effect, and predicted the potential mechanism of XYXD against HCC through NKT cell pathway. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of XYXD on liver tumor growth was clarified by animal experiments in vivo. The mechanism was mainly to promote the production of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) by increasing the abundance of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, BSH converts conjugated bile acids into primary bile acids, and reduces the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids by reducing the abundance of Eubacterium, thereby increasing the content of primary bile acids. Primary bile acids trigger NKT cells in the liver to produce interferon-γ to exert anti-HCC immune effects. CONCLUSION This study found that the traditional Chinese herbal formula XYXD can trigger the immune effect of NKT cells against HCC by regulating the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Deng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhaoguang Ouyang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, Tianjin Province, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Mei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuxing Hu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinjun Dai
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Siqian Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kexin Mao
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan Province, China
| | - Caizhi Huang
- Laboratory Department of Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, Hunan province, China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun Yi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nianhua Tan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Feng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongping Long
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xuefei Tian
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention &Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
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18
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Xiao L, Xian M, Zhang C, Guo Q, Yi Q. Lipid peroxidation of immune cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1322746. [PMID: 38259464 PMCID: PMC10800824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1322746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is a critical determinant of immune cell viability and function in antitumor immunity and lipid metabolism is important for immune cell activation and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lipid peroxidation is a process in which oxidants attack lipid-containing carbon-carbon double bonds and is an important part of lipid metabolism. In the past decades, studies have shown that lipid peroxidation participates in signal transduction to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death, which is essential for cell function execution and human health. More importantly, recent studies have shown that lipid peroxidation affects immune cell function to modulate tumor immunity and antitumor ability. In this review, we briefly overview the effect of lipid peroxidation on the adaptive and innate immune cell activation and function in TME and discuss the effectiveness and sensitivity of the antitumor ability of immune cells by regulating lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Zhao W, Li M, Song S, Zhi Y, Huan C, Lv G. The role of natural killer T cells in liver transplantation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1274361. [PMID: 38250325 PMCID: PMC10796773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1274361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKTs) are innate-like lymphocytes that are abundant in the liver and participate in liver immunity. NKT cells express both NK cell and T cell markers, modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Type I and Type II NKT cells are classified according to the TCR usage, while they recognize lipid antigen in a non-classical major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule CD1d-restricted manner. Once activated, NKT cells can quickly produce cytokines and chemokines to negatively or positively regulate the immune responses, depending on the different NKT subsets. In liver transplantation (LTx), the immune reactions in a series of processes determine the recipients' long-term survival, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, alloresponse, and post-transplant infection. This review provides insight into the research on NKT cells subpopulations in LTx immunity during different processes, and discusses the shortcomings of the current research on NKT cells. Additionally, the CD56-expressing T cells are recognized as a NK-like T cell population, they were also discussed during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shifei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Huan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Aoki T, Motohashi S. Progress in Natural Killer T Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Use of Allogeneic and Gene-Edited Cells. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:1-9. [PMID: 38421710 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell therapy has received attention in the clinical setting. However, current chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies require individualized manufacturing based on patient cells, resulting in high costs and long processing times. Allogeneic immune cell therapy, which involves the use of immune cells from other donors, is emerging as a promising alternative that offers multiple advantages, including off-the-shelf availability, standardized manufacturing, and potentially stronger effector functions. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a type of T cell that can be activated without being restricted by HLA, indicating their potential use in allogeneic cell immunotherapy. They exhibit cytotoxic activity against various cancer targets. However, their low frequency in blood limits their use in ex vivo amplification for treatment. This has led researchers to focus on allogeneic NKT cells as a potential treatment agent. In this study, we review the research on NKT cell-based immunotherapy and focus on the recent progress in clinical trials related to NKT cell-based immunotherapy worldwide. NKT cell-based therapy is not limited to specific cancer types and has been investigated in many ways worldwide over the past decade. Some clinical trials targeting NKT cells have shown promising results; however, the number of trials is low compared to those using T and natural killer cells. The use of allogeneic NKT cells may revolutionize the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully understand their efficacy, safety, and long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Aoki
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Heuser-Loy C, Baumgart AK, Hackstein CP, Courrèges CJF, Philipp MS, Thaiss CA, Holland T, Evaristo C, Garbi N, Kurts C. Conditional NKT Cell Depletion in Mice Reveals a Negative Feedback Loop That Regulates CTL Cross-Priming. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:35-42. [PMID: 38019126 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
NKT cells are unconventional T cells whose biological role is incompletely understood. Similar to TH cells, activated NKT cells can cause dendritic cell (DC) maturation, which is required for effective CTL responses. However, it is unclear whether and how NKT cells affect CTLs downstream of the DC maturation phase. This is partially due to the lack of techniques to conditionally deplete NKT cells in vivo. To overcome this problem, we have developed two approaches for this purpose in mice: the first is based on mixed bone marrow chimeras where Jα18 knockout and depletable CD90 congenic bone marrow is combined, and the second used PLZFCre × iDTR bone marrow chimeras, which target innate-like T cells. Using these tools, we found that NKT cell depletion at 20 h, that is, after initial DC activation, did not render CTLs helpless, as CD40L signaling by non-NKT cells sufficed. Instead, NKT cell depletion even augmented CD8 T cell expansion and cytotoxicity by mechanisms distinct from reduced STAT6 signaling. These findings revealed a negative feedback loop by which NKT cells control CTL cross-priming downstream of DC maturation. The techniques described in this study expand the toolbox to study NKT cells and other unconventional T cell subsets in vivo and uncovered a hidden immunoregulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heuser-Loy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Baumgart
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina J F Courrèges
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Sophie Philipp
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tristan Holland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - César Evaristo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
- The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a population of innate-like T cells capable of enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. Co-delivering an NKT cell agonist and antigen can provide molecular signals to antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic and B cells, that facilitate strong antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, there has been a significant number of developmental NKT cell-dependent vaccine therapies developed, particularly in the last decade, with many incorporating cancer antigens. In this review, we summarize studies that chemically conjugate the NKT cell agonist and antigen as an effective strategy for agonist-antigen co-delivery to drive antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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23
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Das R. T Cell Receptor-Engaging Monoclonal Antibodies Mobilize the Anti-Tumor Functions of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:69-81. [PMID: 38421715 PMCID: PMC11062185 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are innate-type T lymphocytes that directly kill tumor cells or tumor-growth promoting immunosuppressive cells such astumor-associated macrophages. Additionally, iNKTs robustly transactivate the antitumor functions of T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells as well as reinvigorate exhausted immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. As such, iNKTs make excellent candidates for inclusion in anti-cancer cellular therapies. However, to capitalize on the potential benefits of iNKT cell-based approaches, it is imperative that we develop new and clinically viable strategies to enhance their antitumor function. To that end, two novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively bind to the human (NKTT320) or murine (NKT14m) invariant T cell receptor have been recently developed and characterized. Studies using purified human iNKTs (in vitro) and a model of non-human primate (in vivo) reveal that NKTT320 promotes swift, vigorous and sustained iNKT cell activation that is accompanied by robust production of inflammatory mediators and bystander immune cell activation. Furthermore, NKTT320 augments expression of cytotoxic markers and human iNKT cell degranulation. Similarly, NKT14m prompts dramatic murine iNKT cell activation and functional response both in vitro and in vivo. However, antitumor efficacy of a single dose of NKT14m injection in tumor-bearing mice is limited and tumor-model dependent. In contrast, combination treatment of NKT14m with either low dose interleukin (IL)-12 or the chemotherapeutic agent, cyclophosphamide results in a superior antitumor response in vivo. This is evident by activation of both iNKTs and other immune cells, prolonged survival of the tumor-challenged mice, and long-lasting immunity. Collectively, these recent studies justify further development of anti-iTCR mAbs that can be used alone or in conjunction with immunomodulatory agents to enhance iNKT cell antitumor immunity against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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24
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Nishio K, Pasquet L, Camara K, DiSapio J, Hsu KS, Kato S, Bloom A, Richardson SK, Welsh JA, Jiang T, Jones JC, Cardell S, Watarai H, Terabe M, Olkhanud PB, Howell AR, Berzofsky JA. Lysosomal processing of sulfatide analogs alters target NKT cell specificity and immune responses in cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e165281. [PMID: 38127463 PMCID: PMC10866642 DOI: 10.1172/jci165281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In a structure-function study of sulfatides that typically stimulate type II NKT cells, we made an unexpected discovery. We compared analogs with sphingosine or phytosphingosine chains and 24-carbon acyl chains with 0-1-2 double bonds (C or pC24:0, 24:1, or 24:2). C24:1 and C24:2 sulfatide presented by the CD1d monomer on plastic stimulated type II, not type I, NKT cell hybridomas, as expected. Unexpectedly, when presented by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), C24:2 reversed specificity to stimulate type I, not type II, NKT cell hybridomas, mimicking the corresponding β-galactosylceramide (βGalCer) without sulfate. C24:2 induced IFN-γ-dependent immunoprotection against CT26 colon cancer lung metastases, skewed the cytokine profile, and activated conventional DC subset 1 cells (cDC1s). This was abrogated by blocking lysosomal processing with bafilomycin A1, or by sulfite blocking of arylsulfatase or deletion of this enyzme that cleaves off sulfate. Thus, C24:2 was unexpectedly processed in BMDCs from a type II to a type I NKT cell-stimulating ligand, promoting tumor immunity. We believe this is the first discovery showing that antigen processing of glycosylceramides alters the specificity for the target cell, reversing the glycolipid's function from stimulating type II NKT cells to stimulating type I NKT cells, thereby introducing protective functional activity in cancer. We also believe our study uncovers a new role for antigen processing that does not involve MHC loading but rather alteration of which type of cell is responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nishio
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lise Pasquet
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaddy Camara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia DiSapio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin S. Hsu
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shingo Kato
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anja Bloom
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianbo Jiang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Purevdorj B. Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Poddighe D, Maulenkul T, Zhubanova G, Akhmaldtinova L, Dossybayeva K. Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Current Evidence from Basic and Clinical Research. Cells 2023; 12:2854. [PMID: 38132174 PMCID: PMC10742140 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unconventional T cells that are activated by glycolipid antigens. They can produce a variety of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines and, therefore, modulate multiple aspects of the immune response in different pathological settings, including autoimmunity. NKT cells have also been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis, and in this review we summarize and analyze the main studies investigating the involvement and/or homeostasis of NKT cells in this disease. In detail, the evidence from both basic and clinical research has been specifically analyzed. Even though the experimental murine models supported a relevant role of NKT cells in immune-mediated hepatic injury, very few studies specifically investigated NKT cell homeostasis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis; however, these initial studies reported some alterations of NKT cells in these patients, which may also correlate with the disease activity to some extent. Further clinical studies are needed to investigate the potential role and use of NKT cell analysis as a disease marker of clinical relevance, and to better understand the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which NKT cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Poddighe
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerei-Zhanibek Str. 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tilektes Maulenkul
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerei-Zhanibek Str. 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulsamal Zhubanova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerei-Zhanibek Str. 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyudmila Akhmaldtinova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerei-Zhanibek Str. 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Dossybayeva
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerei-Zhanibek Str. 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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26
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Carriero F, Rubino V, Leone S, Montanaro R, Brancaleone V, Ruggiero G, Terrazzano G. Regulatory T R3-56 Cells in the Complex Panorama of Immune Activation and Regulation. Cells 2023; 12:2841. [PMID: 38132162 PMCID: PMC10742044 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between immune activation and immune regulation is a fundamental aspect of the functional harmony of the immune system. This delicate balance is essential to triggering correct and effective immune responses against pathogens while preventing excessive inflammation and the immunopathogenic mechanisms of autoimmunity. The knowledge of all the mechanisms involved in immune regulation is not yet definitive, and, probably, the overall picture is much broader than what has been described in the scientific literature so far. Given the plasticity of the immune system and the diversity of organisms, it is highly probable that numerous other cells and molecules are still to be ascribed to the immune regulation process. Here, we report a general overview of how immune activation and regulation interact, based on the involvement of molecules and cells specifically dedicated to these processes. In addition, we discuss the role of TR3-56 lymphocytes as a new cellular candidate in the immune regulation landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Carriero
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Stefania Leone
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera A. Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
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27
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Rahimi A, Malakoutikhah Z, Rahimmanesh I, Ferns GA, Nedaeinia R, Ishaghi SMM, Dana N, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The nexus of natural killer cells and melanoma tumor microenvironment: crosstalk, chemotherapeutic potential, and innovative NK cell-based therapeutic strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:312. [PMID: 38057843 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of melanoma cells to regional lymph nodes and distant sites is an important contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality among patients with melanoma. This intricate process entails dynamic interactions involving tumor cells, cellular constituents, and non-cellular elements within the microenvironment. Moreover, both microenvironmental and systemic factors regulate the metastatic progression. Central to immunosurveillance for tumor cells are natural killer (NK) cells, prominent effectors of the innate immune system with potent antitumor and antimetastatic capabilities. Recognizing their pivotal role, contemporary immunotherapeutic strategies are actively integrating NK cells to combat metastatic tumors. Thus, a meticulous exploration of the interplay between metastatic melanoma and NK cells along the metastatic cascade is important. Given the critical involvement of NK cells within the melanoma tumor microenvironment, this comprehensive review illuminates the intricate relationship between components of the melanoma tumor microenvironment and NK cells, delineating their multifaceted roles. By shedding light on these critical aspects, this review advocates for a deeper understanding of NK cell dynamics within the melanoma context, driving forward transformative strategies to combat this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Malakoutikhah
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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28
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Song M, Huang Y, Hong Y, Liu J, Zhu J, Lu S, Wang J, Sun F, Huang J, Xu J, Tang Y, Xia JC, Zhang Y. PD-L1-expressing natural killer cells predict favorable prognosis and response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in neuroblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 13:2289738. [PMID: 38125723 PMCID: PMC10732605 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2289738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T/NK cell-based immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in adult cancers but has limited efficacy in pediatric malignancies including high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Immune defects of NB tumor microenvironment are poorly understood compared with adults. Here, we described the unique characteristics of NB immune contexture and determined the phenotype signatures of PD-L1-expressing CD8+ T and NK cells in NB tumors by systemically analyzing the spatial distribution of T and NK cells and the distinct expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in patients with NB. We found that PD-L1-expressing CD8+ T and NK cells in NB tumors were highly activated and functionally competent and associated with better clinical outcomes. Intratumoral NK cells were a favorable prognostic biomarker independent of CD8+ T cells, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, tumor stage, MYCN amplification, and risk classification. NK cells combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies showed potent antitumor activity against both MYCN-amplified and non-amplified NBs in vitro and in vivo, and PD-L1-expressing NK cells associated with improved antitumor efficacy. Collectively, we raise novel insights into the role of PD-L1 expression on CD8+ T-cell and NK-cell activation. We highlight the great potential of intratumoral NK cells in better defining risk stratification, and predicting survival and response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NB. These findings explain why single anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy may not be successful in NB, suggesting its combination with NK cell-adoptive cellular therapy as a promising strategy for relapsing/refractory NB. This study provides a potential prospect that patients with PD-L1-expressing NK cells may respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suying Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junting Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Wu Y, Zhang P, Fan H, Zhang C, Yu P, Liang X, Chen Y. GPR35 acts a dual role and therapeutic target in inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254446. [PMID: 38035084 PMCID: PMC10687457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor with notable involvement in modulating inflammatory responses. Although the precise role of GPR35 in inflammation is not yet fully understood, studies have suggested that it may have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the specific cellular environment. Some studies have shown that GPR35 activation can stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and facilitate the movement of immune cells towards inflammatory tissues or infected areas. Conversely, other investigations have suggested that GPR35 may possess anti-inflammatory properties in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and certain other tissues by curbing the generation of inflammatory mediators and endorsing the differentiation of regulatory T cells. The intricate role of GPR35 in inflammation underscores the requirement for more in-depth research to thoroughly comprehend its functional mechanisms and its potential significance as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to concurrently investigate the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles of GPR35, thus illuminating both facets of this complex issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetian Wu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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30
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Chen N, Dai Y, Li H, Long X, Ke J, Zhang J, Sun H, Gao F, Lin H, Yan Q. Increased ILT2 + natural killer T cells correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3113-3121. [PMID: 37695380 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous immune cell types, such as B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), and NKT cells, are related to the pathogenesis of diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal in this investigation is to examine the phenotype of NK cells and NKT cells alterations in individuals with SLE. METHODS Typically, 50 SLE patients and 24 age-matched healthy people had their PBMCs obtained. Employing flow cytometry, the phenotype of NK and NKT cells and immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) expressions were identified. ELISA was utilized to evaluate the amounts of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and sHLA-G in the serum. RESULTS The frequencies of the circulating NK and NKT cells in individuals with SLE were decreased compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells, but showed no obvious change in NK cells. Clinical severity and active nephritis were substantially associated with ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies. The correlation study showed that the upregulation of ILT2 expression was related to sHLA-G in plasma but not to IL-15. CONCLUSIONS ILT2+ NKT cells have a vital function in the immune abnormalities of SLE, which can also supply a viable goal for therapeutic intervention. Key Points •ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells in SLE patients. •ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies were associated with clinical severity which may be used as an indicator for evaluating disease activity in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianming Long
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiuyun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - He Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Quinn KM, Vicencio DM, La Gruta NL. The paradox of aging: Aging-related shifts in T cell function and metabolism. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101834. [PMID: 37659169 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
T cell survival, differentiation after stimulation, and function are intrinsically linked to distinct cellular metabolic states. The ability of T cells to readily transition between metabolic states enables flexibility to meet the changing energy demands defined by distinct effector states or T cell lineages. Immune aging is characterized, in part, by the loss of naïve T cells, accumulation of senescent T cells, severe dysfunction in memory phenotype T cells in particular, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, or 'inflammaging'. Here, we review our current understanding of the phenotypic and functional changes that occur with aging in T cells, and how they relate to metabolic changes in the steady state and after T cell activation. We discuss the apparent contradictions in the aging T cell phenotype - where enhanced differentiation states and metabolic profiles in the steady state can correspond to a diminished capacity to adapt metabolically and functionally after T cell activation. Finally, we discuss key recent studies that indicate the enormous potential for aged T cell metabolism to induce systemic inflammaging and organism-wide multimorbidity, resulting in premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniela M Vicencio
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Jiang W, Gu G, Zhang Y, Song Y, Shi M, Wang G, Li H, Tao T, Qin J, Li X, Jia H, Jiao F, Xu W, Huang X. Novel mesothelin-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified UNKT cells are highly effective in inhibiting tumor progression. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106942. [PMID: 37775021 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) significantly enhances the antitumor efficacy of T cells. Although some CAR-T products have been approved by FDA in treating hematological tumors, adoptive immune therapy still faces many difficulties and challenges in the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we reported a new strategy to treat solid tumors using a natural killer-like T (NKT) cell line which showed strong cytotoxicity to lyse 15 cancer cell lines, safe to normal cells and had low or no Graft-versus-host activity. We thus named it as universal NKT (UNKT). In both direct and indirect 3D tumor-like organ model, UNKT showed efficient tumor-killing properties, indicating that it could penetrate the microenvironment of solid tumors. In mesothelin (MSLN)-positive tumor cells (SKOV-3 and MCF-7), MSLN targeting CAR modified-UNKT cells had enhanced killing potential against MSLN positive ovarian cancer compared with the wild type UNKT, as well as MSLN-CAR-T cells. Compared with CAR-T, Single-cell microarray 32-plex proteomics revealed CAR-UNKT cells express more effector cytokines, such as perforin and granzyme B, and less interleukin-6 after activation. Moreover, our CAR-UNKT cells featured in more multifunctionality than CAR-T cells. CAR-UNKT cells also demonstrated strong antitumor activity in mouse models of ovarian cancer, with the ability to migrate and infiltrate the tumor without inducing immune memory. The fast-in and -out, enhanced and prolonged tumor killing properties of CAR-UNKT suggested a novel cure option of cellular immunotherapy in the treatment of MSLN-positive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- Abelow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 10 Xinghuo Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yushuai Song
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Beijing Institute For Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100020, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Department of HBP Surgery,Beijing Chao Yang Hospital,The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Abelow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 10 Xinghuo Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Abelow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 10 Xinghuo Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Abelow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 10 Xinghuo Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.
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Tang J, Zhao X. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells march into T cell malignancies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13459-13475. [PMID: 37468610 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
T cell malignancies represent a diverse collection of leukemia/lymphoma conditions in humans arising from aberrant T cells. Such malignancies are often associated with poor clinical prognoses, cancer relapse, as well as progressive resistance to anti-cancer treatments. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary treatment strategy that is highly effective for treating B cell malignancies, its application as a treatment for T cell malignancies remains to be better explored. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CAR-T treatment in T cell malignancies is significantly influenced by the quality of contamination-free CAR-T cells during the manufacturing process, as well as by multiple characteristics of such malignancies, including the sharing of antigens across normal and malignant T cells, fratricide, and T cell aplasia. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the current developments in the clinical application of CAR-T therapy to treat T cell malignancies, offer strategies for addressing current challenges, and outline a roadmap toward its effective implementation as a broad treatment option for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bogović Crnčić T, Girotto N, Ilić Tomaš M, Krištofić I, Klobučar S, Batičić L, Ćurko-Cofek B, Sotošek V. Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15442. [PMID: 37895126 PMCID: PMC10607674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder clinically presented as Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The pathogenesis of AITD is caused by an inappropriate immune response related to genetic, non-genetic, and environmental factors. Pregnancy is one of the factors that have a great influence on the function of the thyroid gland because of the increased metabolic demand and the effects of hormones related to pregnancy. During pregnancy, an adaptation of the maternal immune system occurs, especially of the innate immune system engaged in maintaining adaptive immunity in the tolerant state, preventing the rejection of the fetus. Pregnancy-related hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, hCG) may modulate the activity of innate immune cells, potentially worsening the course of AITD during pregnancy. This especially applies to NK cells, which are associated with exacerbation of HD and GD. On the other hand, previous thyroid disorders can affect fertility and cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery. Additionally, it can cause fetal growth retardation and may contribute to impaired neuropsychological development of the fetus. Therefore, maintaining the thyroid equilibrium in women of reproductive age and in pregnant women is of the highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bogović Crnčić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Ines Krištofić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Klobučar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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35
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Gao X, Zuo S. Immune landscape and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on innate and adaptive immune cells. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1881-1899. [PMID: 36773210 PMCID: PMC10543580 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for roughly 90% of all cases of primary liver cancer, and the cases are on the rise. The treatment of advanced HCC is a serious challenge. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has marked a watershed moment in the history of HCC systemic treatment. Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC since 2020; however, the combination therapy is only effective in a limited percentage of patients. Considering that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has a great impact on immunotherapies for HCC, an in-depth understanding of the immune landscape in tumors and the current immunotherapeutic approaches is extremely necessary. We elaborate on the features, functions, and cross talk of the innate and adaptive immune cells in HCC and highlight the benefits and drawbacks of various immunotherapies for advanced HCC, as well as future projections. HCC consists of a heterogeneous group of cancers with distinct etiologies and immune microenvironments. Almost all the components of innate and adaptive immune cells in HCC have altered, showing a decreasing trend in the number of tumor suppressor cells and an increasing trend in the pro-cancer cells, and there is also cross talk between various cell types. Various immunotherapies for HCC have also shown promising efficacy and application prospect. There are multilayered interwoven webs among various immune cell types in HCC, and emerging evidence demonstrates the promising prospect of immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Li W, Gurdziel K, Pitchaikannu A, Gupta N, Hazlett LD, Xu S. The miR-183/96/182 cluster is a checkpoint for resident immune cells and shapes the cellular landscape of the cornea. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:17-41. [PMID: 37536656 PMCID: PMC10834862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183C) regulates both corneal sensory innervation and corneal resident immune cells (CRICs). This study is to uncover its role in CRICs and in shaping the corneal cellular landscape at a single-cell (sc) level. METHODS Corneas of naïve, young adult [2 and 6 months old (mo)], female miR-183C knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were harvested and dissociated into single cells. Dead cells were removed using a Dead Cell Removal kit. CD45+ CRICs were enriched by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS). scRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced followed by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS The composition of major cell types of the cornea stays relatively stable in WT mice from 2 to 6 mo, however the compositions of subtypes of corneal cells shift with age. Inactivation of miR-183C disrupts the stability of the major cell-type composition and age-related transcriptomic shifts of subtypes of corneal cells. The diversity of CRICs is enhanced with age. Naïve mouse cornea contains previously-unrecognized resident fibrocytes and neutrophils. Resident macrophages (ResMφ) adopt cornea-specific function by expressing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM organization-related genes. Naïve cornea is endowed with partially-differentiated proliferative ResMφ and contains microglia-like Mφ. Resident lymphocytes, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), NKT and γδT cells, are the major source of innate IL-17a. miR-183C limits the diversity and polarity of ResMφ. CONCLUSION miR-183C serves as a checkpoint for CRICs and imposes a global regulation of the cellular landscape of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine, USA; Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ahalya Pitchaikannu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Naman Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Lepretre F, Gras D, Chanez P, Duez C. Natural killer cells in the lung: potential role in asthma and virus-induced exacerbation? Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230036. [PMID: 37437915 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0036-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder whose pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms are not completely understood. Asthma exacerbations are mostly driven by respiratory viral infections and characterised by worsening of symptoms. Despite current therapies, asthma exacerbations can still be life-threatening. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells well known for their antiviral activity and are present in the lung as circulating and resident cells. However, their functions in asthma and its exacerbations are still unclear. In this review, we will address NK cell activation and functions, which are particularly relevant for asthma and virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Then, the role of NK cells in the lungs at homeostasis in healthy individuals will be described, as well as their functions during pulmonary viral infections, with an emphasis on those associated with asthma exacerbations. Finally, we will discuss the involvement of NK cells in asthma and virus-induced exacerbations and examine the effect of asthma treatments on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lepretre
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Clinique des Bronches, de l'allergie et du sommeil, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Duez
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
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Abe Y. Follicular lymphoma microenvironment: insights provided by single-cell analysis. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:143-151. [PMID: 37635086 PMCID: PMC10628831 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most frequent indolent lymphoma and is characterized by the abundant infiltration of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells. The activity of TME cells reportedly plays an important role in the biology of FL. TME cells that reside within neoplastic follicles, such as T-follicular helper cells and follicular dendritic cells, have been shown to aid in FL development and progression through interactions with malignant B cells, whereas regulatory T cells have unexpectedly shown an apparently favorable prognostic impact in FL. Unfortunately, the understanding of the FL TME, particularly regarding minor cell subsets, has been hampered by unknown cell heterogeneity. As with other solid and hematologic cancers, novel single-cell analysis technologies have recently been applied to FL research and have uncovered previously unrecognized heterogeneities, not only in malignant B cells but also in TME cells. These reports have greatly increased the resolution of our understanding of the FL TME and, at the same time, raised questions about newly identified TME cells. This review provides an overview of the unique aspects of FL TME cells with a clinical viewpoint and highlights recent discoveries from single-cell analysis, while also suggesting potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Abe
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Singh S, Barik D, Arukha AP, Prasad S, Mohapatra I, Singh A, Singh G. Small Molecule Targeting Immune Cells: A Novel Approach for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 37892995 PMCID: PMC10604364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional and cancer immunotherapies encompass diverse strategies to address various cancer types and stages. However, combining these approaches often encounters limitations such as non-specific targeting, resistance development, and high toxicity, leading to suboptimal outcomes in many cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is orchestrated by intricate interactions between immune and non-immune cells dictating tumor progression. An innovative avenue in cancer therapy involves leveraging small molecules to influence a spectrum of resistant cell populations within the TME. Recent discoveries have unveiled a phenotypically diverse cohort of innate-like T (ILT) cells and tumor hybrid cells (HCs) exhibiting novel characteristics, including augmented proliferation, migration, resistance to exhaustion, evasion of immunosurveillance, reduced apoptosis, drug resistance, and heightened metastasis frequency. Leveraging small-molecule immunomodulators to target these immune players presents an exciting frontier in developing novel tumor immunotherapies. Moreover, combining small molecule modulators with immunotherapy can synergistically enhance the inhibitory impact on tumor progression by empowering the immune system to meticulously fine-tune responses within the TME, bolstering its capacity to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This review outlines strategies involving small molecules that modify immune cells within the TME, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic interventions and enhancing the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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40
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Jeong D, Woo YD, Chung DH. Invariant natural killer T cells in lung diseases. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1885-1894. [PMID: 37696892 PMCID: PMC10545712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T cells that are characterized by a restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and a unique ability to recognize glycolipid antigens. These cells are found in all tissues, and evidence to date suggests that they play many immunological roles in both homeostasis and inflammatory conditions. The latter include lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma and infections: the roles of lung-resident iNKT cells in these diseases have been extensively researched. Here, we provide insights into the biology of iNKT cells in health and disease, with a particular focus on the role of pulmonary iNKT cells in airway inflammation and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Jeong
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kurioka A, Klenerman P. Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101816. [PMID: 37536148 PMCID: PMC10804939 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells include γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are distinguished from conventional T cells by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid effector functions that are pre-programmed during their development. Here we review current knowledge of the effect of age on unconventional T cells, from early life to old age, in both mice and humans. We then discuss the role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections, highlighting the similarities between members of the unconventional T cell family in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Heffernan DS, Chung CS, Ayala A. SPLENIC INVARIANT NATURAL KILLER T CELLS PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE RESPONSE TO POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 60:443-449. [PMID: 37493576 PMCID: PMC10529630 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis is marked by a dysregulated immune response to an infection. Invariant natural killer T cells ( i NKT cells) are a pluripotent lymphocyte subpopulation capable of affecting and coordinating the immune response to sepsis. The spleen is an important site of immune interactions in response to an infection. Splenic i NKT cells have emerged as important potential frontline mediators of chronic immune response. There are few data addressing the role splenic of i NKT cells in response to intra-abdominal polymicrobial sepsis. Methods: The cecal ligation and puncture model was used to create intra-abdominal sepsis in 8- to 12-week-old wild-type, i NKT -/- , or programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) -/- mice. Twenty-four hours later, spleens were harvested. Flow cytometry was used for phenotyping using monoclonal antibodies. Cell sort was used to isolate i NKT cells. A macrophage cell line was used to assess i NKT cell-phagocyte interactions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for cytokine analysis. Results: Splenic i NKT-cell populations rapidly declined following induction of sepsis. Within i NKT-cell -/- mice, a distinct baseline hyperinflammatory environment was noted. Within wild type, sepsis induced an increase in splenic IL-6 and IL-10, whereas in i NKT -/- mice, there was no change in elevated IL-6 levels and a noted decrease in IL-10 expression. Further, following sepsis, PD-1 expression was increased upon spleen i NKT cells. With respect to PD-1 ligands upon phagocytes, PD-1 ligand expression was unaffected, whereas PD-L2 expression was significantly affected by the presence of PD-1. Conclusions: Invariant natural killer T cells play a distinct role in the spleen response to sepsis, an effect mediated by the checkpoint protein PD-1. Given that modulators are available in clinical trials, this offers a potential therapeutic target in the setting of sepsis-induced immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital/The Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Navarro-Compán V, Puig L, Vidal S, Ramírez J, Llamas-Velasco M, Fernández-Carballido C, Almodóvar R, Pinto JA, Galíndez-Aguirregoikoa E, Zarco P, Joven B, Gratacós J, Juanola X, Blanco R, Arias-Santiago S, Sanz Sanz J, Queiro R, Cañete JD. The paradigm of IL-23-independent production of IL-17F and IL-17A and their role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191782. [PMID: 37600764 PMCID: PMC10437113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 family (IL-17s) comprises six structurally related members (IL-17A to IL-17F); sequence homology is highest between IL-17A and IL-17F, displaying certain overlapping functions. In general, IL-17A and IL-17F play important roles in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, controlling bacterial and fungal infections, and signaling mainly through activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The role of IL-17A and IL-17F has been established in chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondylarthritis (axSpA), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and asthma. CD4+ helper T cells (Th17) activated by IL-23 are well-studied sources of IL-17A and IL-17F. However, other cellular subtypes can also produce IL-17A and IL-17F, including gamma delta (γδ) T cells, alpha beta (αβ) T cells, type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), natural killer T cells (NKT), or mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT). Interestingly, the production of IL-17A and IL-17F by innate and innate-like lymphocytes can take place in an IL-23 independent manner in addition to IL-23 classical pathway. This would explain the limitations of the inhibition of IL-23 in the treatment of patients with certain rheumatic immune-mediated conditions such as axSpA. Despite their coincident functions, IL-17A and IL-17F contribute independently to chronic tissue inflammation having somehow non-redundant roles. Although IL-17A has been more widely studied, both IL-17A and IL-17F are overexpressed in PsO, PsA, axSpA and HS. Therefore, dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F could provide better outcomes than IL-23 or IL-17A blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Immunology-Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramírez
- Arthritis Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Almodóvar
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pinto
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Zarco
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Joven
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Gratacós
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine Department Autonomus University of Barcelona (UAB), I3PT, University Hospital Parc Taulí Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Juanola
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Sanz Sanz
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Queiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan D. Cañete
- Arthritis Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Zheng Z, Wieder T, Mauerer B, Schäfer L, Kesselring R, Braumüller H. T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11673. [PMID: 37511431 PMCID: PMC10380781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very limited, and the prognosis using combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug and a targeted agent, e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor or tyrosine kinase, remains poor. Therefore, mCRC is associated with a poor median overall survival (mOS) of only 25-30 months. Current immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor blockade (ICB) have led to a substantial change in the treatment of several cancers, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In CRC, ICB has only limited effects, except in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, which comprise about 15% of sporadic CRC patients and about 4% of patients with metastatic CRC. The vast majority of sporadic CRCs are microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors with low levels of infiltrating immune cells, in which immunotherapy has no clinical benefit so far. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors requires the presence of infiltrating T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). This makes T cells the most important effector cells in the TME, as evidenced by the establishment of the immunoscore-a method to estimate the prognosis of CRC patients. The microenvironment of a tumor contains several types of T cells that are anti-tumorigenic, such as CD8+ T cells or pro-tumorigenic, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, even CD8+ T cells show marked heterogeneity, e.g., they can become exhausted, enter a state of hyporesponsiveness or become dysfunctional and express high levels of checkpoint molecules, the targets for ICB. To kill cancer cells, CD8+ T cells need the recognition of the MHC class I, which is often downregulated on colorectal cancer cells. In this case, a population of unconventional T cells with a γδ T cell receptor can overcome the limitations of the conventional CD8+ T cells with an αβT cell receptor. γδ T cells recognize antigens in an MHC-independent manner, thus acting as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we discuss the effects of different T cell subsets in colorectal cancer with a special emphasis on γδ T cells and the possibility of using them in CAR-T cell therapy. We explain T cell exclusion in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and the possibilities to overcome this exclusion to enable immunotherapy even in these "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zheng
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Hackstein CP, Klenerman P. MAITs and their mates: "Innate-like" behaviors in conventional and unconventional T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:1-9. [PMID: 37256718 PMCID: PMC10324555 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most CD4 and CD8 T cells are restricted by conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and mount TCR-dependent adaptive immune responses. In contrast, MAIT, iNKT, and certain γδ TCR bearing cells are characterized by their abilities to recognize antigens presented by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules and to mount cytokine-mediated TCR-independent responses in an "innate-like" manner. In addition, several more diverse T-cell subsets have been described that in a similar manner are restricted by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules but mainly depend on their TCRs for activation. Vice versa, innate-like behaviour was reported in defined subpopulations of conventional T cells, particularly in barrier sites, showing that these two features are not necessarily linked. The abilities to recognize antigens presented by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules or to mount TCR-independent responses creates unique niches for these T cells and is linked to wide range of functional capabilities. This is especially exemplified by unconventional and innate-like T cells present at barrier sites where they are involved in pathogen defense, tissue homeostasis as well as in pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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46
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Guo H, Vuille JA, Wittner BS, Lachtara EM, Hou Y, Lin M, Zhao T, Raman AT, Russell HC, Reeves BA, Pleskow HM, Wu CL, Gnirke A, Meissner A, Efstathiou JA, Lee RJ, Toner M, Aryee MJ, Lawrence MS, Miyamoto DT, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. DNA hypomethylation silences anti-tumor immune genes in early prostate cancer and CTCs. Cell 2023; 186:2765-2782.e28. [PMID: 37327786 PMCID: PMC10436379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by hypomethylation-associated silencing of large chromatin domains, whose contribution to tumorigenesis is uncertain. Through high-resolution genome-wide single-cell DNA methylation sequencing, we identify 40 core domains that are uniformly hypomethylated from the earliest detectable stages of prostate malignancy through metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Nested among these repressive domains are smaller loci with preserved methylation that escape silencing and are enriched for cell proliferation genes. Transcriptionally silenced genes within the core hypomethylated domains are enriched for immune-related genes; prominent among these is a single gene cluster harboring all five CD1 genes that present lipid antigens to NKT cells and four IFI16-related interferon-inducible genes implicated in innate immunity. The re-expression of CD1 or IFI16 murine orthologs in immuno-competent mice abrogates tumorigenesis, accompanied by the activation of anti-tumor immunity. Thus, early epigenetic changes may shape tumorigenesis, targeting co-located genes within defined chromosomal loci. Hypomethylation domains are detectable in blood specimens enriched for CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Joanna A Vuille
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emily M Lachtara
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yu Hou
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ting Zhao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ayush T Raman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hunter C Russell
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Brittany A Reeves
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Haley M Pleskow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Richard J Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Ligthart NAM, de Geus MAR, van de Plassche MAT, Torres García D, Isendoorn MME, Reinalda L, Ofman D, van Leeuwen T, van Kasteren SI. A Lysosome-Targeted Tetrazine for Organelle-Specific Click-to-Release Chemistry in Antigen Presenting Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37269296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal deprotections are readily used to control biological function in a cell-specific manner. To further improve the spatial resolution of these reactions, we here present a lysosome-targeted tetrazine for an organelle-specific deprotection reaction. We show that trans-cyclooctene deprotection with this reagent can be used to control the biological activity of ligands for invariant natural killer T cells in the lysosome to shed light on the processing pathway in antigen presenting cells. We then use the lysosome-targeted tetrazine to show that long peptide antigens used for CD8+ T cell activation do not pass through this organelle, suggesting a role for the earlier endosomal compartments for their processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A M Ligthart
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A R de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel A T van de Plassche
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Torres García
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M E Isendoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Reinalda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Ofman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Liman N, Park JH. Markers and makers of NKT17 cells. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1090-1098. [PMID: 37258582 PMCID: PMC10317953 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are thymus-generated innate-like αβ T cells that undergo terminal differentiation in the thymus. Such a developmental pathway differs from that of conventional αβ T cells, which are generated in the thymus but complete their functional maturation in peripheral tissues. Multiple subsets of iNKT cells have been described, among which IL-17-producing iNKT cells are commonly referred to as NKT17 cells. IL-17 is considered a proinflammatory cytokine that can play both protective and pathogenic roles and has been implicated as a key regulatory factor in many disease settings. Akin to other iNKT subsets, NKT17 cells acquire their effector function during thymic development. However, the cellular mechanisms that drive NKT17 subset specification, and how iNKT cells in general acquire their effector function prior to antigen encounter, remain largely unknown. Considering that all iNKT cells express the canonical Vα14-Jα18 TCRα chain and all iNKT subsets display the same ligand specificity, i.e., glycolipid antigens in the context of the nonclassical MHC-I molecule CD1d, the conundrum is explaining how thymic NKT17 cell specification is determined. Mapping of the molecular circuitry of NKT17 cell differentiation, combined with the discovery of markers that identify NKT17 cells, has provided new insights into the developmental pathway of NKT17 cells. The current review aims to highlight recent advances in our understanding of thymic NKT17 cell development and to place these findings in the larger context of iNKT subset specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcin Liman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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49
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Heczey A, Xu X, Courtney AN, Tian G, Barragan GA, Guo L, Amador CM, Ghatwai N, Rathi P, Wood MS, Li Y, Zhang C, Demberg T, Di Pierro EJ, Sher AC, Zhang H, Mehta B, Thakkar SG, Grilley B, Wang T, Weiss BD, Montalbano A, Subramaniam M, Xu C, Sachar C, Wells DK, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS. Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: updated phase 1 trial interim results. Nat Med 2023; 29:1379-1388. [PMID: 37188782 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) have anti-tumor properties that can be enhanced by chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Here we report updated interim results from the first-in-human phase 1 evaluation of autologous NKTs co-expressing a GD2-specific CAR with interleukin 15 (IL15) (GD2-CAR.15) in 12 children with neuroblastoma (NB). The primary objectives were safety and determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The anti-tumor activity of GD2-CAR.15 NKTs was assessed as a secondary objective. Immune response evaluation was an additional objective. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred; one patient experienced grade 2 cytokine release syndrome that was resolved by tocilizumab. The MTD was not reached. The objective response rate was 25% (3/12), including two partial responses and one complete response. The frequency of CD62L+NKTs in products correlated with CAR-NKT expansion in patients and was higher in responders (n = 5; objective response or stable disease with reduction in tumor burden) than non-responders (n = 7). BTG1 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 1) expression was upregulated in peripheral GD2-CAR.15 NKTs and is a key driver of hyporesponsiveness in exhausted NKT and T cells. GD2-CAR.15 NKTs with BTG1 knockdown eliminated metastatic NB in a mouse model. We conclude that GD2-CAR.15 NKTs are safe and can mediate objective responses in patients with NB. Additionally, their anti-tumor activity may be enhanced by targeting BTG1. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03294954 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel A Barragan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Martinez Amador
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Purva Rathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Sher
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birju Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Biostatistics and Data Management Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Sudoma I, Goncharova Y, Dons'koy B, Mykytenko D. Immune phenotype of the endometrium in patients with recurrent implantation failures after the transfer of genetically tested embryos in assisted reproductive technology programs. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103943. [PMID: 36966647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent implantation failures (RIF) in assisted reproduction programs are one of the most challenging problems. Among the factors that can adversely affect implantation, endometrial immune structural disorders may be one of the leading causes. The aim of our work was to study the immune features of the endometrium in women with RIF after genetically tested embryo transfer in comparison with fertile gestational carriers. Immune cells in endometrial samples were studied by flow cytometry and RNA expression of IL (interleukin)15, IL18, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 receptor (Fn14), and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) by reverse polymerase chain reaction. In one-third of the cases, a unique immune profile of the endometrium, which we called the not transformed endometrial immune phenotype, was found. It is characterized by a combination of features, such as high expression of HLA-DR on natural killers (NK), increased fraction of CD16 + , and a decreased fraction of CD56bright endometrial NK. In addition, when compared to gestational carriers, patients with RIF had a greater discrepancy between IL18 mRNA expression data, reduced mean TWEAK and Fn14 levels, and increased IL18/TWEAK and IL15/Fn14 ratios. Immune abnormalities that were found in more than half of the patients (66.7 %) may be the cause of implantation failures in genetically tested embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Sudoma
- Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Ukraine; Clinic of Reproductive Medicine NADIYA, Ukraine
| | | | - Borys Dons'koy
- State Institution "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine", Ukraine
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