1
|
Petzinna SM, Bauer CJ, Schäfer VS. Vascular-adhesion protein 1 in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1448157. [PMID: 39206172 PMCID: PMC11349539 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1448157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a type 2 transmembrane sialoglycoprotein with oxidative deamination functionality, encoded by the amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) gene. VAP-1 is widely expressed across various tissues, particularly in highly vascularized tissues and organs essential for lymphocyte circulation. In the vascular system, VAP-1 is predominantly found in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, with higher expression levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Under inflammatory conditions, VAP-1 rapidly translocates to the endothelial cell surface, facilitating leukocyte adhesion and migration through interactions with specific ligands, such as sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglec)-9 on neutrophils and monocytes, and Siglec-10 on B cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. This interaction is crucial for leukocyte transmigration into inflamed tissues. Furthermore, VAP-1's enzymatic activity generates hydrogen peroxide and advanced glycation end-products, contributing to cytotoxic damage and vascular inflammation. In this context, the soluble form of VAP-1 (sVAP-1), produced by matrix metalloproteinase cleavage from its membrane-bound counterpart, also significantly influences leukocyte migration. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted pathophysiological roles of VAP-1 in vascular inflammation, particularly in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and associated polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). By exploring its involvement in immune cell adhesion, migration, and its enzymatic contributions to oxidative stress and tissue damage, we investigate the importance of VAP-1 in GCA. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements in imaging techniques targeting VAP-1, such as [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT, which have provided new insights into VAP-1's role in GCA and PMR. Overall, understanding VAP-1's comprehensive roles could pave the way for improved strategies in managing these conditions.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jang MH, Song J. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116996. [PMID: 38897158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guarnera L, Santinelli E, Galossi E, Cristiano A, Fabiani E, Falconi G, Voso MT. Microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia: focus on senescence mechanisms, therapeutic interactions, and future directions. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104118. [PMID: 37741607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with a dismal prognosis, mainly affecting the elderly. In recent years, new drugs have improved life expectancy and quality of life, and a better understanding of the genetic-molecular nature of the disease has shed light on previously unknown aspects of leukemogenesis. In parallel, increasing attention has been attracted to the complex interactions between cells and soluble factors in the bone marrow (BM) environment, collectively known as the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the central role of the microenvironment in physiologic and pathologic hematopoiesis and the mechanisms of senescence, considered a fundamental protective mechanism against the proliferation of damaged and pretumoral cells. The microenvironment also represents a fertile ground for the development of myeloid malignancies, and the leukemic niche significantly interacts with drugs commonly used in AML treatment. Finally, we focus on the role of the microenvironment in the engraftment and complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the only curative option in a conspicuous proportion of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Santinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Galossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International, University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bronson R, Lyu J, Xiong J. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular signature and cell-type difference of Homo sapiens endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad243. [PMID: 37857450 PMCID: PMC10700110 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, drives a growing number of human (Homo sapiens) pathological conditions. This emerging knowledge opens a path to discovering novel therapeutic targets for many EndoMT-associated disorders. Here, we constructed an atlas of the endothelial-cell transcriptome and demonstrated EndoMT-induced global changes in transcriptional gene expression. Our gene ontology analyses showed that EndoMT could be a specific checkpoint for leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion, and transendothelial migration. We also identified distinct gene expression signatures underlying EndoMT across arterial, venous, and microvascular endothelial cells. We performed protein-protein interaction network analyses, identifying a class of highly connected hub genes in endothelial cells from different vascular beds. Moreover, we found that the short-chain fatty acid acetate strongly inhibits the transcriptional program of EndoMT in endothelial cells from different vascular beds across tissues. Our results reveal the molecular signature and cell-type difference of EndoMT across distinct tissue- and vascular-bed-specific endothelial cells, providing a powerful discovery tool and resource value. These results suggest that therapeutically manipulating the endothelial transcriptome could treat an increasing number of EndoMT-associated pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bronson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Junfang Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kandekar S, Punatar S, Khattry N, Gokarn A, Jindal N, Mirgh S, Chichra A, Tembhare P, Rane P, Gawde J, Mathew L, Patil A, Chiplunkar S, Kode J. Low levels of CD26 on certain cellular subtypes of donor harvest is associated with better clinical outcomes post allogeneic stem cell transplantation through regulation of NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111054. [PMID: 37890379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had previously reported significant association of immunoectoenzyme CD26 expression on donor harvest with acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGVHD) in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) patients. The current study was aimed at analysing CD26 signaling pathway molecules and understanding their impact on immune reconstitution and clinical outcomes post-ASCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODOLOGY The study cohort included 26 transplant donors/patients who underwent reduced intensity (n = 21), myeloablative (n = 4) and non-myeloablative (n = 1) ASCT for hematological malignancies. Donors were matched related donors (n = 19) and haploidentical donors (n = 7). Surface expression of CD26, CD73 and ADA, and various immune cell subtypes were assessed by multicolour-flow cytometry. Soluble CD26 (sCD26) and cytokine levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA and Multiplex Luminex assay, respectively. Immune cells from healthy individuals were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence or absence of CD26 inhibitor. Effect of CD26 inhibition on NF-κB localization in PHA stimulated cells was analysed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from the culture supernatants were detected with Cytometric bead array flow cytometry. Association of all measured markers with clinical outcomes was evaluated using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS CD26 surface expression on PBSC donor harvest cells showed increased risk of chronic GVHD (cGVHD, p = 0.055). Amongst the various immune cell subtypes, decreased B cells in harvest showed significant association with aGVHD (p = 0.022) whereas increased myeloid dendritic cells and CD3+T cells at Day100 in peripheral blood of transplant recipients correlated with cGVHD (p = 0.046) and aGVHD (p = 0.035), respectively. Further, high sCD26 in transplant recipients at Day100 exhibited association with reduced event-free survival (EFS) (p = 0.011). Higher CD26 expression on more & less mature NK cells, naïve & post-switched memory B cells and Treg cells in the donor harvest (p < 0.05) led to lower EFS in transplant recipients. Mechanistically, CD26 inhibitor caused dose-dependent reduction in CD26 enzyme activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokine production in post mitogen-stimulated T cell cultures. CONCLUSION Our study has implicated that lower CD26 expression on immune cell subtypes of the donor stem cell harvest is associated with reduced risk of GVHD and better survival. The underlying mechanism was found to be through NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Based on these observations, chemically designed or natural resources-based CD26 inhibitors can be explored further in clinical trials for improving ASCT outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kandekar
- Kode Lab, Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sachin Punatar
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anant Gokarn
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nishant Jindal
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sumeet Mirgh
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Akanksha Chichra
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Prashant Tembhare
- Hematopathology Lab, Clinical Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jitendra Gawde
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Libin Mathew
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Anand Patil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Lab, Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Kode Lab, Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Dong YT, Hu XM, Zhang JZ, Shi NR, Zuo YQ, Wang X. The circadian regulation of extracellular ATP. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:283-295. [PMID: 35939197 PMCID: PMC9984637 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a potent signaling molecule released from various cells throughout the body and is intimately involved in the pathophysiological functions of the nervous system and immune system by activating P2 purinergic receptors. Recent increasingly studies showed that extracellular ATP exhibits circadian oscillation with an approximately 24-h periodicity, which participates in regulatory pathways of central oscillator suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral oscillator bladder, respectively. Oscillators modulate the protein expression of ATP release channels and ectonucleotidase activity through clock genes; indeed, real-time alterations of ATP release and degradation determine outcomes of temporal character on extracellular ATP rhythm. The regulatory pathways on extracellular ATP rhythm are different in central and peripheral systems. In this review, we summarize the circadian rhythm of extracellular ATP and discuss several circadian regulatory pathways in different organs via ATP release and degradation, to provide a new understanding for purinergic signaling in the regulatory mechanism of circadian rhythm and a potential target to research the circadian regulation of extracellular ATP in other circadian oscillators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Yu-Ting Dong
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Xiu-Ming Hu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Ji-Zhou Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Nan-Rui Shi
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Yan-Qin Zuo
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Xu R, Ma X, Zhang X, Gong J, Li Z. Mechanism of arterial injury exacerbated by hyperhomocysteinemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2482. [PMID: 36774389 PMCID: PMC9922276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) accounts for 75% of hypertension in China. HHcy plays a synergistic role with hypertension in vascular injury and significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of HHcy-induced arterial injury in hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were injected intraperitoneally with DL-homocysteine (Hcy) to construct the model of hypertension associated with HHcy (HHcy + SHR). Biological network was employed to identify the material basis of arterial injury in hypertension associated with HHcy. The prediction molecules in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways were experimentally verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) analysis. The HHcy + SHR group significantly increased oxidative stress pathway molecules: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox); inflammatory pathway molecules: vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a); as well as inflammatory pathway regulatory factors: nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) p65 and protein kinase B (Akt1). Among them, IL-6 was also significantly increased in the HHcy group. Both oxidative stress and inflammation contributed to the arterial injury of hypertension associated with HHcy, and inflammation mechanism might play a leading role in HHcy aggravating arterial injury, at least partially through the Akt1/NF-κB p65/IL-6 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoshan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Women Healthcare, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Department of Women Healthcare, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Willcox A, Lee NT, Nandurkar HH, Sashindranath M. CD39 in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:409-419. [PMID: 35947229 PMCID: PMC9832216 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating progressive disease characterised by pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of PAH. However, despite progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease, current therapies fail to impact upon long-term outcomes which remain poor in most patients. Recent observations have suggested the disturbances in the balance between ATP and adenosine may be integral to the vascular remodelling seen in PAH. CD39 is an enzyme important in regulating these nucleos(t)ides which may also provide a novel pathway to target for future therapies. This review summarises the role of adenosine signalling in the development and progression of PAH and highlights the therapeutic potential of CD39 for treatment of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Willcox
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Natasha Ting Lee
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Harshal H. Nandurkar
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Maithili Sashindranath
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Danielli M, Thomas RC, Quinn LM, Tan BK. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in vascular inflammatory diseases. VASA 2022; 51:341-350. [DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) also known as amino oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is a pro-inflammatory and versatile molecule with adhesive and enzymatic properties. VAP-1 is a primary amine oxidase belonging to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family, which catalyzes the oxidation of primary amines leading to the production of ammonium, formaldehyde, methylglyoxal, and hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 is mainly expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and pericytes. It is involved in a repertoire of biological functions, e.g., immune cell extravasation, angiogenesis, and vascularization. Research into VAP-1 has intensified within the last decade on its role as a novel clinical biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target of vascular inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, neurovascular disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease), hepatic disease (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), and skin conditions (e.g., psoriasis). This is the most up-to-date and comprehensive review on VAP-1 focusing on the translational aspects of VAP-1. Compared to recent reviews, our review provides novel insights on VAP-1 and heart failure, stroke and frailty, diabetes, endometriosis, osteoarthritis, COVID-19, conjunctivitis associated systemic lupus erythematosus, hematopoietic stem cells, gliomas, treatment of colorectal cancer with a novel VAP-1 inhibitor (U-V269), promoting recovery of motor functions and habit learning with a novel VAP-1 inhibitor (PXS-4681A), and 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, a labelled peptide of Siglec-9 (a VAP-1 ligand), which appears to be a safe PET tracer for inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we present the emerging role of VAP-1 in pregnancy as a gatekeeper of immune cells, which are critical for spiral arterial remodeling, the deficiency of which could lead to vascular disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia. Future research should prioritize clinical trials on VAP-1 small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, thus, maximizing the potential of VAP-1 targeted therapy as well as research into sVAP-1 as a clinical biomarker of diseases and its prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Danielli
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lauren Marie Quinn
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bee Kang Tan
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
SARS-CoV-2 and Endothelial Cells: Vascular Changes, Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth and Novel Therapeutic Windows. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092242. [PMID: 36140343 PMCID: PMC9496230 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial activation in infectious diseases plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting the outcomes and future treatments of several clinical conditions. COVID-19 is no exception. Moving from basic principles to novel approaches, an evolving view of endothelial activation provides insights into a better knowledge of the upstream actors in COVID-19 as a crucial future direction for managing SARS-CoV-2 and other infections. Assessing the function of resting and damaged endothelial cells in infection, particularly in COVID-19, five critical processes emerged controlling thrombo-resistance: vascular integrity, blood flow regulation, immune cell trafficking, angiogenesis and intussusceptive microvascular growth. Endothelial cell injury is associated with thrombosis, increased vessel contraction and a crucial phenomenon identified as intussusceptive microvascular growth, an unprecedented event of vessel splitting into two lumens through the integration of circulating pro-angiogenic cells. An essential awareness of endothelial cells and their phenotypic changes in COVID-19 inflammation is pivotal to understanding the vascular biology of infections and may offer crucial new therapeutic windows.
Collapse
|
11
|
Singla B, Aithabathula RV, Kiran S, Kapil S, Kumar S, Singh UP. Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function. Cells 2022; 11:1750. [PMID: 35681445 PMCID: PMC9179518 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is pivotal for immunosurveillance and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing vessels, has both physiological and pathological roles. Recent advances in the molecular mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis have opened a new area of research on reparative lymphangiogenesis for the treatment of various pathological disorders comprising neurological disorders, cardiac repair, autoimmune disease, obesity, atherosclerosis, etc. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the various cell types serve as signaling molecules in several cellular mechanisms and regulate various aspects of growth-factor-mediated responses, including lymphangiogenesis. The ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, play both beneficial and detrimental roles depending upon their levels and cellular microenvironment. Low ROS levels are essential for lymphangiogenesis. On the contrary, oxidative stress due to enhanced ROS generation and/or reduced levels of antioxidants suppresses lymphangiogenesis via promoting lymphatic endothelial cell apoptosis and death. In this review article, we provide an overview of types and sources of ROS, discuss the role of ROS in governing lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic function, and summarize the role of lymphatics in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Ravi Varma Aithabathula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Shweta Kapil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li F, Du Y, Hong L, Liu Z, Yan K, Liu C, Zhu Z, Lu Q, Tang C, Zhu L. Single‐cell transcriptional profiling of human carotid plaques reveals a subpopulation of endothelial cells associated with stroke incidences. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3446-3459. [PMID: 35527426 PMCID: PMC9189335 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The differences in plaque histology between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients have been widely accepted. Whether there is a heterogeneity of cells between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques remains largely unclear. To reveal the potential heterogeneity within different plaques, which may contribute to different stroke incidences, we obtained the scRNA‐seq data from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and identified eight cell types present in plaques. Further analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) revealed three distinct EC subpopulations appeared to be endowed with specific biological functions such as antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Of note, the differentially expressed genes of the EC 2 subpopulation showed that the genes involved in cell adhesion were up‐regulated in asymptomatic plaques compared to symptomatic plaques. Integrating the data of intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque stability, the 5th top‐enriched biological process was cell adhesion in the stable or non‐haemorrhaged plaques compared to unstable plaques or haemorrhaged plaques. Among these cell adhesion‐related genes, the intersection gene AOC3 may play a vital role in plaque haemorrhage and plaque stability. Targeting cell adhesion and the specialized genes may provide potential new therapeutic directions to prevent asymptomatic patients from stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengchan Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yun Du
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Anhui China
| | - Ziting Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Kunmin Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Chu Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Qiongyu Lu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
López-Cortés GI, Díaz-Alvarez L, Ortega E. Leukocyte Membrane Enzymes Play the Cell Adhesion Game. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742292. [PMID: 34887854 PMCID: PMC8650063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, proteins with enzymatic activity have not been usually considered to carry out other functions different from catalyzing chemical reactions within or outside the cell. Nevertheless, in the last few years several reports have uncovered the participation of numerous enzymes in other processes, placing them in the category of moonlighting proteins. Some moonlighting enzymes have been shown to participate in complex processes such as cell adhesion. Cell adhesion plays a physiological role in multiple processes: it enables cells to establish close contact with one another, allowing communication; it is a key step during cell migration; it is also involved in tightly binding neighboring cells in tissues, etc. Importantly, cell adhesion is also of great importance in pathophysiological scenarios like migration and metastasis establishment of cancer cells. Cell adhesion is strictly regulated through numerous switches: proteins, glycoproteins and other components of the cell membrane. Recently, several cell membrane enzymes have been reported to participate in distinct steps of the cell adhesion process. Here, we review a variety of examples of membrane bound enzymes participating in adhesion of immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina I López-Cortés
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Díaz-Alvarez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Becchi S, Buson A, Balleine BW. Inhibition of vascular adhesion protein 1 protects dopamine neurons from the effects of acute inflammation and restores habit learning in the striatum. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:233. [PMID: 34654450 PMCID: PMC8520223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in dopaminergic neural function can be induced by an acute inflammatory state that, by altering the integrity of the neurovasculature, induces neuronal stress, cell death and causes functional deficits. Effectively blocking these effects of inflammation could, therefore, reduce both neuronal and functional decline. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a membrane-bound protein expressed on the endothelial cell surface, that mediates leukocyte extravasation and induces oxidative stress. Method We induced dopaminergic neuronal loss by infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly into the substantia nigra (SN) in rats and administered the VAP-1 inhibitor, PXS-4681A, daily. Results LPS produced: an acute inflammatory response, the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, reduced the dopaminergic projection to SN target regions, particularly the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), and a deficit in habit learning, a key function of the DLS. In an attempt to protect SN neurons from this inflammatory response we found that VAP-1 inhibition not only reduced neutrophil infiltration in the SN and striatum, but also reduced the associated striatal microglia and astrocyte response. We found VAP-1 inhibition protected dopamine neurons in the SN, their projections to the striatum and promoted the functional recovery of habit learning. Thus, we reversed the loss of habitual actions, a function usually dependent on dopamine release in DLS and sensitive to striatal dysfunction. Conclusions We establish, therefore, that VAP-1 inhibition has an anti-inflammatory profile that may be beneficial in the treatment of dopamine neuron dysfunction caused by an acute inflammatory state in the brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02288-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Becchi
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Du S, Niu P, Gu X, Wang J, Zhao Y. Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1)/Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO): A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679707. [PMID: 34322017 PMCID: PMC8312380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), whose enzymatic activity regulates the adhesion/exudation of leukocytes in/from blood vessels. Due to its abundant expressions in vascular systems and prominent roles in inflammations, increasing attentions have been paid to the roles of VAP-1/SSAO in atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular inflammation that eventually drives clinical cardiovascular events. Clinical studies have demonstrated a potential value of soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings revealed that VAP-1 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and treatment with VAP-1 inhibitors alleviates the progression of atherosclerosis. This review will focus on the roles of VAP-1/SSAO in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and therapeutic potentials of VAP-1 inhibitors for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Panpan Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of Purinergic Signalling in Endothelial Dysfunction and Thrombo-Inflammation in Ischaemic Stroke and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070994. [PMID: 34356618 PMCID: PMC8301873 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral endothelium is an active interface between blood and the central nervous system. In addition to being a physical barrier between the blood and the brain, the endothelium also actively regulates metabolic homeostasis, vascular tone and permeability, coagulation, and movement of immune cells. Being part of the blood–brain barrier, endothelial cells of the brain have specialized morphology, physiology, and phenotypes due to their unique microenvironment. Known cardiovascular risk factors facilitate cerebral endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vasodilation, an aggravated inflammatory response, as well as increased oxidative stress and vascular proliferation. This culminates in the thrombo-inflammatory response, an underlying cause of ischemic stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). These events are further exacerbated when blood flow is returned to the brain after a period of ischemia, a phenomenon termed ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine. After ischemia and CSVD, eATP is released from dying neurons as a damage molecule, triggering thrombosis and inflammation. In contrast, adenosine is anti-thrombotic, protects against oxidative stress, and suppresses the immune response. Evidently, therapies that promote adenosine generation or boost CD39 activity at the site of endothelial injury have promising benefits in the context of atherothrombotic stroke and can be extended to current CSVD known pathomechanisms. Here, we have reviewed the rationale and benefits of CD39 and CD39 therapies to treat endothelial dysfunction in the brain.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ogawa Y, Kawakami Y, Tsubota K. Cascade of Inflammatory, Fibrotic Processes, and Stress-Induced Senescence in Chronic GVHD-Related Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116114. [PMID: 34204098 PMCID: PMC8201206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ocular GVHD affects recipients' visual function and quality of life. Recent advanced research in this area has gradually attracted attention from a wide range of physicians and ophthalmologists. This review highlights the mechanism of immune processes and the molecular mechanism, including several inflammation cascades, pathogenic fibrosis, and stress-induced senescence related to ocular GVHD, in basic spectrum topics in this area. How the disease develops and what kinds of cells participate in ocular GVHD are discussed. Although the classical immune process is a main pathological pathway in this disease, senescence-associated changes in immune cells and stem cells may also drive this disease. The DNA damage response, p16/p21, and the expression of markers associated with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are seen in ocular tissue in GVHD. Macrophages, T cells, and mesenchymal cells from donors or recipients that increasingly infiltrate the ocular surface serve as the source of increased secretion of IL-6, which is a major SASP driver. Agents capable of reversing the changes, including senolytic reagents or those that can suppress the SASP seen in GVHD, provide new potential targets for the treatment of GVHD. Creating innovative therapies for ocular GVHD is necessary to treat this intractable ocular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tu WJ, McCuaig RD, Melino M, Rawle DJ, Le TT, Yan K, Suhrbier A, Johnston RL, Koufariotis LT, Waddell N, Cross EM, Tsimbalyuk S, Bain A, Ahern E, Collinson N, Phipps S, Forwood JK, Seddiki N, Rao S. Targeting novel LSD1-dependent ACE2 demethylation domains inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Cell Discov 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 34031383 PMCID: PMC8143069 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for COVID-19 remain limited, especially during the early or asymptomatic phase. Here, we report a novel SARS-CoV-2 viral replication mechanism mediated by interactions between ACE2 and the epigenetic eraser enzyme LSD1, and its interplay with the nuclear shuttling importin pathway. Recent studies have shown a critical role for the importin pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and many RNA viruses hijack this axis to re-direct host cell transcription. LSD1 colocalized with ACE2 at the cell surface to maintain demethylated SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain lysine 31 to promote virus-ACE2 interactions. Two newly developed peptide inhibitors competitively inhibited virus-ACE2 interactions, and demethylase access to significantly inhibit viral replication. Similar to some other predominantly plasma membrane proteins, ACE2 had a novel nuclear function: its cytoplasmic domain harbors a nuclear shuttling domain, which when demethylated by LSD1 promoted importin-α-dependent nuclear ACE2 entry following infection to regulate active transcription. A novel, cell permeable ACE2 peptide inhibitor prevented ACE2 nuclear entry, significantly inhibiting viral replication in SARS-CoV-2-infected cell lines, outperforming other LSD1 inhibitors. These data raise the prospect of post-exposure prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2, either through repurposed LSD1 inhibitors or new, nuclear-specific ACE2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Tu
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert D McCuaig
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle Melino
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- The Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- The Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- The Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- The Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Johnston
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lambros T Koufariotis
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily M Cross
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Sofiya Tsimbalyuk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Bain
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ahern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Collinson
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Unzeta M, Hernàndez-Guillamon M, Sun P, Solé M. SSAO/VAP-1 in Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073365. [PMID: 33805974 PMCID: PMC8036996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) or primary amine oxidase (PrAO), is a deaminating enzyme highly expressed in vessels that generates harmful products as a result of its enzymatic activity. As a multifunctional enzyme, it is also involved in inflammation through its ability to bind and promote the transmigration of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Inflammation is present in different systemic and cerebral diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These pathologies show important affectations on cerebral vessels, together with increased SSAO levels. This review summarizes the main roles of SSAO/VAP-1 in human physiology and pathophysiology and discusses the mechanisms by which it can affect the onset and progression of both stroke and AD. As there is an evident interrelationship between stroke and AD, basically through the vascular system dysfunction, the possibility that SSAO/VAP-1 could be involved in the transition between these two pathologies is suggested. Hence, its inhibition is proposed to be an interesting therapeutical approach to the brain damage induced in these both cerebral pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Auònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mar Hernàndez-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-896-766
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kinoshita T, Sayem MA, Yaguchi T, Kharma B, Morii K, Kato D, Ohta S, Mashima Y, Asamura H, Kawakami Y. Inhibition of vascular adhesion protein-1 enhances the anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1390-1401. [PMID: 33453147 PMCID: PMC8019209 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for enhancing the anti‐tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Adhesion molecules and enzymes such as vascular adhesion protein‐1 (VAP‐1), which are expressed in some cancers and tumor vascular endothelial cells, may be involved in the generation of an immunosuppressive TME. In this study, the role of VAP‐1 in TME was investigated in 2 murine colon cancer models and human cancer cells. Intraperitoneal administration of the VAP‐1‐specific inhibitor U‐V296 inhibited murine tumor growth by enhancing IFN‐γ‐producing tumor antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. U‐V296 exhibited significant synergistic anti‐tumor effects with ICIs. In the TME of mice treated with U‐V296, the expression of genes associated with M2‐like macrophages, Th2 cells (Il4, Retnla, and Irf4), angiogenesis (Pecam1), and fibrosis (Acta2, Loxl2) were significantly decreased, and the Th1/Th2 balance was increased. H2O2, an enzymatic product of VAP‐1, which promoted the production of IL‐4 by mouse Th2 and inhibited IFN‐γ by mouse Th1 and human tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, was decreased in tumors and CD31+ tumor vascular endothelial cells in the TMEs of mice treated with VAP‐1 inhibitor. TCGA database analysis showed that VAP‐1 expression was a negative prognostic factor in human cancers, exhibiting a significant positive correlation with IL‐4, IL4R, and IL‐13 expression and a negative correlation with IFN‐γ expression. These results indicated that VAP‐1 is involved in the immunosuppressive TMEs through H2O2‐associated Th2/M2 conditions and may be an attractive target for the development of combination cancer immunotherapy with ICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Kinoshita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Budiman Kharma
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Morii
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Ohta
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Mashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Asamura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang L, Zetter MA, Guerra EC, Hernández VS, Mahata SK, Eiden LE. ACE2 in the second act of COVID-19 syndrome: Peptide dysregulation and possible correction with oestrogen. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12935. [PMID: 33462852 PMCID: PMC7995212 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the most critical pandemic of the 21st Century and the most severe since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects the host by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The role of ACE2 in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a topic of debate, with clinical and experimental evidence indicating a multifaceted relationship between ACE2 activity and disease severity. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the peptidergic substrates and products of ACE and ACE2 contribute to physiological and pathophysiological processes and hypothesise how down-regulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry disrupts homeostasis. A better understanding of the endocrinology of the disease, in particular the neuroendocrinology of ACE2 during COVID-19, may contribute to the timely design of new therapeutic strategies, including the regulation of ACE2 itself by steroid hormones, to ameliorate the severity of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- Dept. PhysiologyLaboratory of Systems NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Mario A. Zetter
- Dept. PhysiologyLaboratory of Systems NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Enrique C. Guerra
- Dept. PhysiologyLaboratory of Systems NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico
- MD–PhD Program (PECEM)Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Vito S. Hernández
- Dept. PhysiologyLaboratory of Systems NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology LaboratoryVA San Diego Healthcare SystemUniversity California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Lee E. Eiden
- Section on Molecular NeuroscienceNational Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gharanei S, Fishwick K, Peter Durairaj R, Jin T, Siamantouras E, Liu KK, Straube A, Lucas ES, Weston CJ, Rantakari P, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Brosens JJ, Tan BK. Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Determines the Cellular Properties of Endometrial Pericytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:621016. [PMID: 33537312 PMCID: PMC7848099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.621016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible adhesion molecule and a primary amine oxidase involved in immune cell trafficking. Leukocyte extravasation into tissues is mediated by adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells and pericytes. Pericytes play a major role in the angiogenesis and vascularization of cycling endometrium. However, the functional properties of pericytes in the human endometrium are not known. Here we show that pericytes surrounding the spiral arterioles in midluteal human endometrium constitutively express VAP-1. We first characterize these pericytes and demonstrate that knockdown of VAP-1 perturbed their biophysical properties and compromised their contractile, migratory, adhesive and clonogenic capacities. Furthermore, we show that loss of VAP-1 disrupts pericyte-uterine natural killer cell interactions in vitro. Taken together, the data not only reveal that endometrial pericytes represent a cell population with distinct biophysical and functional properties but also suggest a pivotal role for VAP-1 in regulating the recruitment of innate immune cells in human endometrium. We posit that VAP-1 could serve as a potential biomarker for pregnancy pathologies caused by a compromised perivascular environment prior to conception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seley Gharanei
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tianrong Jin
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Straube
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S. Lucas
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Weston
- Centre for Liver Research & National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, Level 5 Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Rantakari
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Bee Kang Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murata M, Noda K, Ishida S. Pathological Role of Unsaturated Aldehyde Acrolein in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589531. [PMID: 33193419 PMCID: PMC7642371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing prevalence of diabetes and a progressively aging society, diabetic retinopathy is emerging as one of the global leading causes of blindness. Recent studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and anti-VEGF agents have become the first-line therapy for the vision-threatening disease. However, recent studies have also demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial disease and that VEGF-independent mechanism(s) also underlie much of the pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy. Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde and is implicated in protein dysfunction. As acrolein is common in air pollutants, previous studies have focused on it as an exogenous causative factor, for instance, in the development of respiratory diseases. However, it has been discovered that acrolein is also endogenously produced and induces cell toxicity and oxidative stress in the body. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that acrolein and/or acrolein-conjugated proteins are associated with the molecular mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy. This review summarizes the pathological roles and mechanisms of endogenous acrolein production in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Murata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Öksüz Z, Üçbilek E, Serin MS, Yaraş S, Temel GO, Sezgin O. Circulating vascular adhesion protein-1(VAP-1): a possible biomarker for liver fibrosis associated with chronic hepatitis B and C. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1757-1763. [PMID: 32959205 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in chronic liver diseases and fibrogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the possible association of VAP-1 levels with the severity of disease progression in chronic hepatitis (CH) B and C patients with differing stages of fibrosis (F0-4), CHB/CHC-related cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The VAP-1 concentration in patient sera was determined by ELISA. The VAP-1 levels were compared between the F0 group and the F1, F2, F3, F4, cirrhosis, and HCC groups of CHB patients and between the F1 group and the F2, F3, F4, cirrhosis, and HCC groups of CHC patients. The levels of VAP-1 were significantly increased in CHB patients with progressive stages of fibrosis, with the highest concentration being found in those with stage F4 (severe fibrosis). A statistically significant difference was found between F0 and F4 in patients with CHB, but no statistically significant difference was observed between F1 and F4 in patients with CHC. Interestingly, there was no statistically significant difference in VAP-1 levels between patients with cirrhosis and HCC (either CHB or CHC, independently). Moreover, no relationship was found between VAP-1 and ALT levels in either CHC or CHB patients. In general, the VAP-1 levels were significantly higher in CHB than in CHC patients (P < 0.01). In conclusion, we suggest that the VAP-1 level may be a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring the severity of fibrogenesis in patients with hepatitis B infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Öksüz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Mersin University Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Enver Üçbilek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sami Serin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Mersin University Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yaraş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gülhan Orekici Temel
- Department of Biostatistics, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sezgin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Snelder N, Hoefman S, Garcia-Hernandez A, Onkels H, Larsson TE, Bergmann KR. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel vascular adhesion protein-1 inhibitor using a multiple-target mediated drug disposition model. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2020; 48:39-53. [PMID: 32930923 PMCID: PMC7979583 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-020-09717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ASP8232 is a novel inhibitor of vascular adhesion protein-1 that was under evaluation for reducing residual albuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease. To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ASP8232 and its effect on vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) plasma activity and VAP-1 concentrations (pharmacodynamics, PD) in an integrated and quantitative manner, a target mediated drug disposition model was developed based on pooled data from four completed clinical trials with ASP8232 in healthy volunteers, and in patients with diabetic kidney disease and diabetic macular edema, respectively. In this model, the binding of ASP8232 to its soluble and membrane-bound target in the central and peripheral compartments were included. The model was able to adequately describe the non-linear PK and PD of ASP8232. The observed difference in PK between healthy volunteers and renally impaired patients could be explained by an effect of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate on ASP8232 clearance and relative bioavailability. The relationship between ASP8232 concentration and VAP-1 inhibition was successfully established and can be applied to simulate drug exposure and degree of VAP-1 inhibition for any given dose of ASP8232 across the spectrum of renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelleke Snelder
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Archimedesweg 31, 2333 CM, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Hoefman
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Archimedesweg 31, 2333 CM, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hartmut Onkels
- Astellas Pharma Europe BV, Global Development, Sylviusweg 62, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Astellas Pharma Europe BV, Global Development, Sylviusweg 62, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten R Bergmann
- Astellas Pharma Europe BV, Global Development, Sylviusweg 62, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chang SJ, Tu HP, Lai YCC, Luo CW, Nejo T, Tanaka S, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Increased Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (VAP-1) Levels are Associated with Alternative M2 Macrophage Activation and Poor Prognosis for Human Gliomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050256. [PMID: 32349342 PMCID: PMC7278017 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by a high heterogeneity in the brain tumor. Abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exist as neoplastic tissues, implicating tumor plasticity and thus leading to therapeutic challenges. Vascular adhesion protein (VAP-1) potentially serves as a mediator for TAM immunity in tumor milieu. We previously demonstrated that VAP-1 could contribute to tumor malignancy, but its characteristics in TAM immunity of glioma progression are still unclear. This study explored the association of VAP-1 expression with TAM distribution as well as the resulting clinical significance and prognostic value in human gliomas. An in-depth analysis of AOC3 (VAP-1) gene expression was performed using 695 glioma samples derived from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-lower grade glioma and glioblastoma (GBMLGG) cohort. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed that VAP-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis of glioma patients (p = 0.0283). VAP-1 and TAM biomarkers (CD68, iNOS, and CD163) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 108 gliomas from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. VAP-1+ was expressed in 56 (51.85%) cases and this phenotype revealed a significant association with overall survival in Kaplan–Meier analysis (p < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical double staining showed that VAP-1 immunoreactivity was present around CD163+ M2 infiltration location, including aggressive lesions and neighboring neovasculature. We demonstrated that high VAP-1 expression levels positively correlated with CD163+ M2 activation and coexpression of these two proteins was associated with worse survival in gliomas (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that VAP-1 alone and co-expressed with CD163 were the significantly independent indicators (both p < 0.0001). Furthermore, VAP-1/CD163 coexpression exhibited excellent diagnostic accuracy in gliomas (AUC = 0.8008). In conclusion, VAP-1 and TAM CD163 M2 coexpression was found in glioma tissues belonging to a highly malignant subgroup that was associated with poor prognosis. These results implied VAP-1 abundance is closely linked to alternative M2 activation during glioma progression. From the aforementioned data, a reasonable inference is that VAP-1 combined with targeting M2 immunity might be an effective therapeutic target for human gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Chang Clark Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Takahide Nejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (A.-L.K.); Tel.: +88-6-7312-1101 (ext. 7081) (C.-Y.C.); +88-6-7312-1101 (ext. 5880) (A.-L.K.); Fax: +88-6-7313-6681 (C.-Y.C.); +88-6-7321-5039 (A.-L.K.)
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (A.-L.K.); Tel.: +88-6-7312-1101 (ext. 7081) (C.-Y.C.); +88-6-7312-1101 (ext. 5880) (A.-L.K.); Fax: +88-6-7313-6681 (C.-Y.C.); +88-6-7321-5039 (A.-L.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Johnson BM, Shu YZ, Zhuo X, Meanwell NA. Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6315-6386. [PMID: 32182061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of fluorine in drug design continue to expand, facilitated by an improved understanding of its effects on physicochemical properties and the development of synthetic methodologies that are providing access to new fluorinated motifs. In turn, studies of fluorinated molecules are providing deeper insights into the effects of fluorine on metabolic pathways, distribution, and disposition. Despite the high strength of the C-F bond, the departure of fluoride from metabolic intermediates can be facile. This reactivity has been leveraged in the design of mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors and has influenced the metabolic fate of fluorinated compounds. In this Perspective, we summarize the literature associated with the metabolism of fluorinated molecules, focusing on examples where the presence of fluorine influences the metabolic profile. These studies have revealed potentially problematic outcomes with some fluorinated motifs and are enhancing our understanding of how fluorine should be deployed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sandoval-Talamantes AK, Gómez-González BA, Uriarte-Mayorga DF, Martínez-Guzman MA, Wheber-Hidalgo KA, Alvarado-Navarro A. Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and their receptors interact with immune response in healthy and psoriatic skin. Neuropeptides 2020; 79:102004. [PMID: 31902596 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial origin that affects the skin. It is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, which results in erythemato-squamous plaques. Just as the immune system plays a fundamental role in psoriasis physiopathology, the nervous system maintains the inflammatory process through the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters synthesis, as histamine, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, adenosine, glucagon-like peptide, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase polypeptide. In patients with psoriasis, the systemic or in situ expression of these chemical mediators and their receptors are altered, which affects the clinical activity of patients due to its link to the immune system, provoking neurogenic inflammation. It is important to establish the role of the nervous system since it could represent a therapeutic alternative for psoriasis patients. The aim of this review is to offer a detailed review of the current literature about the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters involved in the physiopathology of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Sandoval-Talamantes
- Centro de Reabilitación Infantil Teletón de Occidente, Copal 4575, Col. Arboledas del Sur, 44980 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - B A Gómez-González
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - D F Uriarte-Mayorga
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - M A Martínez-Guzman
- Unima Diagnósticos de México, Paseo de los Mosqueteros 4181, Col. Villa Universitaria, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Katia Alejandra Wheber-Hidalgo
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y dermatología, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Li B, Zhou E, Fu S, Wang Y, Wu L, Lei Y, Guo Z, Ye J. CD38 play roles in T cell-dependent response and B cell differentiation in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103515. [PMID: 31605715 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional cell surface molecule that plays a crucial role in B cell activation, differentiation, and maturation in mammals with an increased expression in B cell maturation. In this study, a CD38-like molecule (OnCD38) was cloned and identified from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and its functional characterization was investigated. The open reading frame of OnCD38 is 828 bp of the nucleotide sequence, encoding a polypeptide of 275 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of OnCD38 is highly homologous to other teleost fish and similar to mammals, containing extracellular, intracellular and transmembrane regions. Subcellular localization studies revealed that OnCD38 molecules were presented on the surface of B cells. Three healthy tilapia were used in each experimental group and control group. Following keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) challenge in vivo, the mRNA expression of OnCD38 was significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood, spleen, and head kidney, with an earlier up-regulation in the second challenge than the first one. The up-regulation of OnCD38 expression was also detected in head kidney leukocytes after stimulation with LPS, recombinant HomoIL-10 ((r)HomoIL-10), (r)OnIL-10, and LPS plus (r)OnIL-10 in vitro. Furthermore, the OnCD38 expression increased with the differentiation of B cells, reaching a high level (10.1 fold higher than resting mature B cells) at the plasma-like B cells. Taken together, in this study, these results indicate that the OnCD38 is likely involved in the T cell-dependent response and plays roles in B cell differentiation in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Enxu Zhou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong, 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mergemeier K, Galster F, Lehr M. HPLC-UV assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of plasma amine oxidase using crude bovine plasma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:144-149. [PMID: 30427224 PMCID: PMC6237158 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1524890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have described a method for evaluation of plasma amine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors, which monitors the formation of 6-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)hexanal from the corresponding amine substrate by HPLC with UV-detection using purified bovine PAO. We now investigated, whether crude bovine plasma can be used as enzyme source in this assay instead of the purified enzyme. With the aid of specific inhibitors, it was ensured that there was no detectable activity of other important amine oxidases in the plasma, namely monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B and diamine oxidase (DAO). For a series of ω-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)alkan-1-amine substrates similar conversion rates were measured for both the purified PAO and crude plasma. The inhibition values determined for the PAO inhibitor 2-(4-phenylphenyl)acetohydrazide (16) under different conditions also corresponded. Additionally, inhibition data of the known PAO inhibitor 2-amino-N-(3-phenylbenzyl)acetamide (17) and a newly synthesised meta-substituted derivative of 16 were determined, which together reflect the two-step inhibition mechanism of these covalent inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Mergemeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Galster
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Addendum: de Leve, S.; et al. The CD73/Ado System—A New Player in RT Induced Adverse Late Effects. Cancers 2019, 11, 1578. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMCID: PMC6966480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors would like to make an addendum to their published paper [...]
Collapse
|
33
|
Howlader MA, Li C, Zou C, Chakraberty R, Ebesoh N, Cairo CW. Neuraminidase-3 Is a Negative Regulator of LFA-1 Adhesion. Front Chem 2019; 7:791. [PMID: 31824923 PMCID: PMC6882948 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the plasma membrane environment, glycoconjugate-receptor interactions play an important role in the regulation of cell-cell interactions. We have investigated the mechanism and activity of the human neuraminidase (NEU) isoenzyme, NEU3, on T cell adhesion receptors. The enzyme is known to prefer glycolipid substrates, and we confirmed that exogenous enzyme altered the glycolipid composition of cells. NEU3 was able to modify the sialic acid content of purified LFA-1 in vitro. Enzymatic activity of NEU3 resulted in re-organization of LFA-1 into large clusters on the membrane. This change was facilitated by an increase in the lateral mobility of LFA-1 upon NEU3 treatment. Changes to the lateral mobility of LFA-1 were specific for NEU3 activity, and we observed no significant change in diffusion when cells were treated with a bacterial NEU (NanI). Furthermore, we found that NEU3 treatment of cells increased surface expression levels of LFA-1. We observed that NEU3-treated cells had suppressed LFA-1 adhesion to an ICAM-1 coated surface using an in vitro static adhesion assay. These results establish that NEU3 can modulate glycoconjugate composition and contribute to the regulation of integrin activity. We propose that NEU3 should be investigated to determine its role on LFA-1 within the inflammatory cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Amran Howlader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caishun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunxia Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Njuacha Ebesoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stark R, Wesselink TH, Behr FM, Kragten NAM, Arens R, Koch-Nolte F, van Gisbergen KPJM, van Lier RAW. T RM maintenance is regulated by tissue damage via P2RX7. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/30/eaau1022. [PMID: 30552101 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are noncirculating immune cells that contribute to the first line of local defense against reinfections. Their location at hotspots of pathogen encounter frequently exposes TRM to tissue damage. This history of danger-signal exposure is an important aspect of TRM-mediated immunity that has been overlooked so far. RNA profiling revealed that TRM from liver and small intestine express P2RX7, a damage/danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptor that is triggered by extracellular nucleotides (ATP, NAD+). We confirmed that P2RX7 protein was expressed in CD8+ TRM but not in circulating T cells (TCIRC) across different infection models. Tissue damage induced during routine isolation of liver lymphocytes led to P2RX7 activation and resulted in selective cell death of TRM P2RX7 activation in vivo by exogenous NAD+ led to a specific depletion of TRM while retaining TCIRC The effect was absent in P2RX7-deficient mice and after P2RX7 blockade. TCR triggering down-regulated P2RX7 expression and made TRM resistant to NAD-induced cell death. Physiological triggering of P2RX7 by sterile tissue damage during acetaminophen-induced liver injury led to a loss of previously acquired pathogen-specific local TRM in wild-type but not in P2RX7 KO T cells. Our results highlight P2RX7-mediated signaling as a critical pathway for the regulation of TRM maintenance. Extracellular nucleotides released during infection and tissue damage could deplete TRM locally and free niches for new and infection-relevant specificities. This suggests that the recognition of tissue damage promotes persistence of antigen-specific over bystander TRM in the tissue niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fu X, Niu T, Li X. MicroRNA-126-3p Attenuates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Regulating VCAM-1 Expression. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:866. [PMID: 31474826 PMCID: PMC6707088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-126 is closely related to the occurrence of various complications after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of miR-126-3p in alleviating brain injury after ICH. Methods Serum miR-126-3p levels were compared between patients with IHC and healthy controls. A rat model of ICH was generated by intracerebral injection of Type VII collagenase. The rats were intracerebral injected with miR-126-3p mimics or negative control miRNA. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were used as a cell model of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and validated by immunofluorescence staining of Factor VIII. The BBB permeability of BMECs after miR-126-3p antagomir transfection was determined by FITC-dextran 20 through a confluent BMECs layer (measured over 120 min). The binding site of miR-126-3p in the 3'UTR of VCAM-1 was predicated by TargetScan, and verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of miR-126-3p and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in rat brain tissues and BMECs were measured by real-time PCR or western blotting. Results Serum miR-126-3p level was markedly down-regulated in patients with ICH. The rats with ICH had decreased miR-126-3p levels in serum and hemorrhagic area, while those changes were reversed by the treatment with miR-126-3p mimic. VCAM-1 is a direct target of miR-126-3p, and VCAM-1 expression in hemorrhagic area was down-regulated by the administration of miR-126-3p mimic in rats. Inhibition of miR-126-3p by anti-miR126 treatment in BMECs resulted in barrier leakage. Conclusion miR-126-3p attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier disruption, which is associated with down-regulated expression of VCAM-1 in hemorrhagic area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiesheng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Caiazzo E, Morello S, Carnuccio R, Ialenti A, Cicala C. The Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase/CD73 Inhibitor, α,β-Methylene Adenosine 5'-Diphosphate, Exacerbates Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy in Rat. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:775. [PMID: 31354490 PMCID: PMC6637294 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecto-5’-nucleotidase (ecto-5’NT/CD73) represents a crucial enzyme for endogenous adenosine generation. Several findings have shown that CD73 plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability and immune cell function. Adenosine 5’-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate (APCP) is a CD73 inhibitor, widely used as pharmacological tool to investigate the role of CD73/adenosine pathway in several in vitro and in vivo models, although it has been also shown to inhibit other ectoenzymes involved in adenosinergic pathway. Here, we evaluated the effect of APCP in the development of inflammation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. We found that treatment with APCP (400 µg/rat) significantly increased cell accumulation, exudate formation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine content into the pleural cavity in the acute phase (4 h) of inflammation, with no differences in the sub-acute phase (72 h) except for the regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels. In addition, cells collected by pleural lavage fluids of APCP-treated rats, 4 h following carrageenan injection, showed increased ability to migrate in vitro, both in presence and in absence of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine as chemotactic stimulus, compared to cells obtained by control rats. Our results demonstrate that APCP exacerbates the early phase of carrageenan-induced pleurisy by controlling pleural effusion and polymorphonuclear migration in vivo and ex vivo. This effect is likely dependent upon CD73 inhibition, although an inhibitory effect of other ectoenzymes cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosa Carnuccio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nedeljkovic N. Complex regulation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and A 2AR-mediated adenosine signaling at neurovascular unit: A link between acute and chronic neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:99-115. [PMID: 30954629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes available data regarding the complex regulation of CD73 at the neurovascular unit (NVU) during neuroinflammation. Based on available data we propose the biphasic pattern of CD73 regulation at NVU, with an early attenuation and a postponed up-regulation of CD73 activity. Transient attenuation of CD73 activity on leukocyte/vascular endothelium and leukocyte/astrocyte surface, required for the initiation of a neuroinflammatory response, may be effectuated either by catalytic inhibition of CD73 and/or by shedding of the CD73 molecule from the cell surface, while postponed induction of CD73 is effectuated by transcriptional up-regulation of Nt5e and posttranslational modifications. Neuroinflammatory conditions are also associated with significant enhancement and gain-of-function of A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling. However, in contrast to the temporary prevalence of A2AR over A1R signaling during an acute inflammatory response, prolonged induction of A2AR and resulting perpetual CD73/A2AR coupling may be a contributing factors in the transition between acute and chronic neuroinflammation. Thus, pharmacological targeting of the CD73/A2AR axis may attenuate inflammatory response and ameliorate neurological deficits in chronic neuroinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khanna M, Jackson RJ, Alcantara S, Amarasena TH, Li Z, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ, Ranasinghe C. Mucosal and systemic SIV-specific cytotoxic CD4 + T cell hierarchy in protection following intranasal/intramuscular recombinant pox-viral vaccination of pigtail macaques. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5661. [PMID: 30952887 PMCID: PMC6450945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A HIV vaccine that provides mucosal immunity is urgently needed. We evaluated an intranasal recombinant Fowlpox virus (rFPV) priming vaccine followed by intramuscular Modified Vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) booster vaccine, both expressing SIV antigens. The vaccination generated mucosal and systemic SIV-specific CD4+ T cell mediated immunity and was associated with partial protection against high-dose intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge in outbred pigtail macaques. Three of 12 vaccinees were completely protected and these animals elicited sustained Gag-specific poly-functional, cytotoxic mucosal CD4+ T cells, complemented by systemic poly-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity. Humoral immune responses, albeit absent in completely protected macaques, were associated with partial control of viremia in animals with relatively weaker mucosal/systemic T cell responses. Co-expression of an IL-4R antagonist by the rFPV vaccine further enhanced the breadth and cytotoxicity/poly-functionality of mucosal vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells. Moreover, a single FPV-gag/pol/env prime was able to induce rapid anamnestic gp140 antibody response upon SIV encounter. Collectively, our data indicated that nasal vaccination was effective at inducing robust cervico-vaginal and rectal immunity, although cytotoxic CD4+ T cell mediated mucosal and systemic immunity correlated strongly with 'complete protection', the different degrees of protection observed was multi-factorial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Khanna
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ronald J Jackson
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sheilajen Alcantara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thakshila H Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zheyi Li
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang F, Li R, Yang Y, Shi C, Shen Y, Lu C, Chen Y, Zhou W, Lin A, Yu L, Zhang W, Xue Z, Wang J, Cai Z. Specific Decrease in B-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhances Post-Chemotherapeutic CD8+ T Cell Responses. Immunity 2019; 50:738-750.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
40
|
Sharif T, Martell E, Dai C, Ghassemi-Rad MS, Kennedy BE, Lee PWK, Gujar S. Regulation of Cancer and Cancer-Related Genes via NAD . Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:906-923. [PMID: 29334761 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NAD+ is an essential redox cofactor in cellular metabolism and has emerged as an important regulator of a wide spectrum of disease conditions, most notably, cancers. As such, various strategies targeting NAD+ synthesis in cancers are in clinical trials. Recent Advances: Being a substrate required for the activity of various enzyme families, especially sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerases, NAD+-mediated signaling plays an important role in gene expression, calcium release, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. Many strategies exploring the potential of interfering with NAD+ metabolism to sensitize cancer cells to achieve anticancer benefits are highly promising, and are being pursued. CRITICAL ISSUES With the multifaceted roles of NAD+ in cancer, it is important to understand how cellular processes are reliant on NAD+. This review summarizes how NAD+ metabolism regulates various pathophysiological processes in cancer, and how this knowledge can be exploited to devise effective anticancer therapies in clinical settings. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In line with the redundant pathways that facilitate NAD+ metabolism, further studies should comprehensively understand the roles of the various NAD+-synthesizing as well as NAD+-utilizing biomolecules to understand its true potential in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Sharif
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Emma Martell
- 2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Barry E Kennedy
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,3 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,4 Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Manufacturing of primed mesenchymal stromal cells for therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:90-104. [PMID: 30944433 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for basic research and clinical applications are manufactured and developed as unique cell products by many different manufacturers and laboratories, often under different conditions. The lack of standardization of MSC identity has limited consensus around which MSC properties are relevant for specific outcomes. In this Review, we examine how the choice of media, cell source, culture environment and storage affects the phenotype and clinical utility of MSC-based products, and discuss the techniques better suited to prime MSCs with specific phenotypes of interest and the need for the continued development of standardized assays that provide quality assurance for clinical-grade MSCs. Bioequivalence between cell products and batches must be investigated rather than assumed, so that the diversity of phenotypes between differing MSC products can be accounted for to identify products with the highest therapeutic potential and to preserve their safety in clinical treatments.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Significance: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an ectoenzyme that oxidates primary amines in a reaction producing also hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 on the blood vessel endothelium regulates leukocyte extravasation from the blood into tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent Advances: Inhibition of VAP-1 by neutralizing antibodies and by several novel small-molecule enzyme inhibitors interferes with leukocyte trafficking and alleviates inflammation in many experimental models. Targeting of VAP-1 also shows beneficial effects in several other diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion, fibrosis, and cancer. Moreover, soluble VAP-1 levels may serve as a new prognostic biomarker in selected diseases. Critical Issues: Understanding the contribution of the enzyme activity-independent and enzyme activity-dependent functions, which often appear to be mediated by the hydrogen peroxide production, in the VAP-1 biology will be crucial. Similarly, there is a pressing need to understand which of the VAP-1 functions are regulated through the modulation of leukocyte trafficking, and what is the role of VAP-1 synthesized in adipose and smooth muscle cells. Future Directions: The specificity and selectivity of new VAP-1 inhibitors, and their value in animal models under therapeutic settings need to be addressed. Results from several programs studying the therapeutic potential of VAP-1 inhibition, which now are in clinical trials, will reveal the relevance of this amine oxidase in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Salmi
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chielle EO, Granella LW, Maziero JS, Vidigal TMA, Mallmann BLK, Karal J. Evolution of potential biomarkers of acute muscle injury after physical exercise. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
44
|
|
45
|
de Zeeuw D, Renfurm RW, Bakris G, Rossing P, Perkovic V, Hou FF, Nangaku M, Sharma K, Heerspink HJL, Garcia-Hernandez A, Larsson TE. Efficacy of a novel inhibitor of vascular adhesion protein-1 in reducing albuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease (ALBUM): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:925-933. [PMID: 30413396 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with diabetic kidney disease have residual albuminuria and are at risk of disease progression. The ALBUM trial investigated the efficacy of a novel, orally active inhibitor of vascular adhesion protein-1, ASP8232, compared with placebo for reducing albuminuria in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned individuals (aged 18-85 years) from 64 clinical sites in nine European countries to receive ASP8232 40 mg or placebo orally once daily for 12 weeks using a web-based randomisation schedule (block size 4), stratified by country. Eligible patients had a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 200-3000 mg/g, an estimated glomerular filtration rate of at least 25 mL/min per 1·73 m2 but lower than 75 mL/min per 1·73 m2, HbA1c less than 11·0% (97 mmol/mol), and stable treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and antidiabetic medication for 3 months or more. The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline to week 12 in log-transformed first morning void UACR, which was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline UACR measurement (full analysis set). Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02358096. FINDINGS 125 participants were randomly assigned to receive ASP8232 (n=64) or placebo (n=61), of whom 120 (60 in each group) were included in the full analysis set; all participants were assessed for safety endpoints. At 12 weeks, UACR decreased by 17·7% (95% CI 5·0 to 28·6) in the ASP8232 group and increased by 2·3% (-11·4 to 18·1) in the placebo group; the placebo-adjusted difference between groups was -19·5% (95% CI -34·0 to -1·8; p=0·033). 39 (61%) patients in the ASP8232 group and 34 (56%) patients in the placebo group had a treatment-emergent adverse event, of which 16 in the ASP8232 group and four in the placebo group were drug-related. The most frequently reported adverse events that were possibly drug-related in the ASP8232 group were renal impairment (five patients) and decreased eGFR (three patients); in the placebo group, no single drug-related treatment-emergent adverse event was reported by more than one participant. INTERPRETATION ASP8232 is effective in reducing albuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease and is safe and well tolerated. These findings warrant further research to ascertain the effect of ASP8232 on delaying progression of diabetic kidney disease. FUNDING Astellas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dick de Zeeuw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Ronny W Renfurm
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Astellas Pharma Europe BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - George Bakris
- American Society of Hypertension Comprehensive Hypertension Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Bio-X Institutes, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias E Larsson
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Astellas Pharma Europe BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang SH, Yu TY, Tsai FC, Weston CJ, Lin MS, Hung CS, Kao HL, Li YI, Solé M, Unzeta M, Chen YL, Chuang LM, Li HY. Inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Transl Res 2018; 197:12-31. [PMID: 29653075 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) are important for atherosclerosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and has semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity, which catalyzes oxidative deamination to produce hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, leading to generation of AGEs and ALEs. However, the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition on atherosclerosis remains controversial, and no studies used coronary angiography to evaluate if plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a biomarker for coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we examined if plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a biomarker for CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography in humans and investigated the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition by a specific inhibitor PXS-4728A on atherosclerosis in cell and animal models. In the study, VAP-1/SSAO expression was increased in plaques in humans and in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice, and colocalized with vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Patients with CAD had higher plasma VAP-1/SSAO than those without CAD. Plasma VAP-1/SSAO was positively associated with the extent of CAD. In ApoE-deficient mice, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition reduced atheroma and decreased oxidative stress. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition attenuated the expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractant proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines in the aorta, and suppressed monocyte adhesion and transmigration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consequently, the expression of markers for macrophage recruitment and activation in plaques was decreased by VAP-1/SSAO inhibition. Besides, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition suppressed proliferation and migration of A7r5 SMC. Our data suggest that plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a novel biomarker for the presence and the extent of CAD in humans. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition by PXS-4728A is a potential treatment for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ya Yu
- Health Management Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chris J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-I Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Montse Solé
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Inhibition of Semicarbazide-sensitive Amine Oxidase Reduces Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-fed New Zealand White Rabbits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9249. [PMID: 29915377 PMCID: PMC6006253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and the formation of advanced glycated end-products (AGEs) are important components of atherosclerosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation. Its enzymatic activity, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), can catalyze oxidative deamination reactions to produce hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, leading to the subsequent generation of AGEs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition on atherosclerosis. In our study, immunohistochemical staining showed that atherosclerotic plaques displayed higher VAP-1 expression than normal arterial walls in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits and humans. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, VAP-1 was expressed on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the thickened intima of the aorta. Treatment with PXS-4728A, a selective VAP-1/SSAO inhibitor, in cholesterol-fed rabbits significantly decreased SSAO-specific hydrogen peroxide generation in the aorta and reduced atherosclerotic plaques. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition also lowered blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, suppressed recruitment and activation of macrophages, and decreased migration and proliferation of SMC. In conclusion, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition reduces atherosclerosis and may act through suppression of several important mechanisms for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Knight JS, Mazza LF, Yalavarthi S, Sule G, Ali RA, Hodgin JB, Kanthi Y, Pinsky DJ. Ectonucleotidase-Mediated Suppression of Lupus Autoimmunity and Vascular Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1322. [PMID: 29942314 PMCID: PMC6004379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives CD39 and CD73 are surface enzymes that jut into the extracellular space where they mediate the step-wise phosphohydrolysis of the autocrine and paracrine danger signals ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine. Given the role of vascular and immune cells' "purinergic halo" in maintaining homeostasis, we hypothesized that the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 might play a protective role in lupus. Methods Lupus was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of pristane to three groups of mice: wild-type (WT), CD39-/-, and CD73-/-. After 36 weeks, autoantibodies, endothelial function, kidney disease, splenocyte activation/polarization, and neutrophil activation were characterized. Results As compared with WT mice, CD39-/- mice developed exaggerated splenomegaly in response to pristane, while both groups of ectonucleotidase-deficient mice demonstrated heightened anti-ribonucleoprotein production. The administration of pristane to WT mice triggered only subtle dysfunction of the arterial endothelium; however, both CD39-/- and CD73-/- mice demonstrated striking endothelial dysfunction following induction of lupus, which could be reversed by superoxide dismutase. Activated B cells and plasma cells were expanded in CD73-/- mice, while deficiency of either ectonucleotidase led to expansion of TH17 cells. CD39-/- and CD73-/- mice demonstrated exaggerated neutrophil extracellular trap release, while CD73-/- mice additionally had higher levels of plasma cell-free DNA. Conclusion These data are the first to link ectonucleotidases with lupus autoimmunity and vascular disease. New therapeutic strategies may harness purinergic nucleotide dissipation or signaling to limit the damage inflicted upon organs and blood vessels by lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Levi F Mazza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gautam Sule
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiology, Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David J Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mergemeier K, Lehr M. HPLC-UV assays for evaluation of inhibitors of mono and diamine oxidases using novel phenyltetrazolylalkanamine substrates. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:29-38. [PMID: 29550344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have described an HPLC-UV assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of plasma amine oxidase (PAO) using 6-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)hexan-1-amine (4) as a new type of substrate. Now we studied, whether this compound or homologues of it can also function as substrate for related amine oxidases, namely diamine oxidase (DAO), monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). Among these substances, 4 was converted by DAO with the highest rate. The best substrate for MAO A and B was 4-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)butan-1-amine (2). To validate the new assays, the inhibition values of known enzyme inhibitors were determined and the data were compared with those obtained with the substrate benzylamine, which is often used in amine oxidase assays. For the DAO inhibitor 2-(4-phenylphenyl)acetohydrazide an about 10fold lower IC50-value against DAO was obtained when benzylamine was applied instead of 4, indicating that 4 binds to the enzyme with higher affinity than benzylamine. The IC50-values of clorgiline and selegiline against MAO A and B, respectively, also decreased (two- and 30fold) replacing 2 by benzylamine. The discrepancies largely disappeared, when the enzymes were pre-incubated with the inhibitors for 15 min. This can be explained with the covalent inhibition mechanism of the inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Mergemeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Estes JD, LeGrand R, Petrovas C. Visualizing the Immune System: Providing Key Insights into HIV/SIV Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:423. [PMID: 29552017 PMCID: PMC5840205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological inductive tissues, such as secondary lymphoid organs, are composed of distinct anatomical microenvironments for the generation of immune responses to pathogens and immunogens. These microenvironments are characterized by the compartmentalization of highly specialized immune and stromal cell populations, as well as the presence of a complex network of soluble factors and chemokines that direct the intra-tissue trafficking of naïve and effector cell populations. Imaging platforms have provided critical contextual information regarding the molecular and cellular interactions that orchestrate the spatial microanatomy of relevant cells and the development of immune responses against pathogens. Particularly in HIV/SIV disease, imaging technologies are of great importance in the investigation of the local interplay between the virus and host cells, with respect to understanding viral dynamics and persistence, immune responses (i.e., adaptive and innate inflammatory responses), tissue structure and pathologies, and changes to the surrounding milieu and function of immune cells. Merging imaging platforms with other cutting-edge technologies could lead to novel findings regarding the phenotype, function, and molecular signatures of particular immune cell targets, further promoting the development of new antiviral treatments and vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Roger LeGrand
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|