1
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Bai X, Chen S, Chi X, Xie B, Guo X, Feng H, Wei P, Zhang D, Xie S, Xie T, Chen Y, Gou M, Qiao Q, Liu X, Jin W, Xu W, Zhao Z, Xing Q, Wang X, Zhang X, Dong C. Reciprocal regulation of T follicular helper cells and dendritic cells drives colitis development. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1383-1394. [PMID: 38942990 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The immunological mechanisms underlying chronic colitis are poorly understood. T follicular helper (TFH) cells are critical in helping B cells during germinal center reactions. In a T cell transfer colitis model, a lymphoid structure composed of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and TFH cells was found within T cell zones of colonic lymphoid follicles. TFH cells were required for mature DC accumulation, the formation of DC-T cell clusters and colitis development. Moreover, DCs promoted TFH cell differentiation, contributing to colitis development. A lineage-tracing analysis showed that, following migration to the lamina propria, TFH cells transdifferentiated into long-lived pathogenic TH1 cells, promoting colitis development. Our findings have therefore demonstrated the reciprocal regulation of TFH cells and DCs in colonic lymphoid follicles, which is critical in chronic colitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Chi
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xie
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Feng
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Chen
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Gou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xing
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Research Unit of Immune Regulation and Immune Diseases of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Gupta A, Righi E, Konnova A, Sciammarella C, Spiteri G, Van Averbeke V, Berkell M, Hotterbeekx A, Sartor A, Mirandola M, Malhotra-Kumar S, Azzini AM, Pezzani D, Monaco MGL, Vanham G, Porru S, Tacconelli E, Kumar-Singh S. Interleukin-2-mediated CD4 T-cell activation correlates highly with effective serological and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29820. [PMID: 39056205 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) despite having an appreciable depletion of CD4+ T-cells show a good severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination response. The underlying mechanism(s) are currently not understood. We studied serological and polyfunctional T-cell responses in PLWH receiving anti-retroviral therapy stratified on CD4+ counts as PLWH-high (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/mm3) and PLWH-low (<500 cells/mm3). Responses were assessed longitudinally before the first vaccination (T0), 1-month after the first dose (T1), 3-months (T2), and 6-months (T3) after the second dose. Expectedly, both PLWH-high and -low groups developed similar serological responses after T2, which were also non-significantly different from age and vaccination-matched HIV-negative controls at T3. The immunoglobulin G titers were also protective showing a good correlation with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-neutralizations (R = 0.628, p = 0.005). While surface and intracellular activation analysis showed no significant difference at T3 between PLWH and controls in activated CD4+CD154+ and CD4+ memory T-cells, spike-specific CD4+ polyfunctional cytokine expression analysis showed that PLWH preferentially express interleukin (IL)-2 (p < 0.001) and controls, interferon-γ (p = 0.017). CD4+ T-cell counts negatively correlated with IL-2-expressing CD4+ T-cells including CD4+ memory T-cells (Spearman ρ: -0.85 and -0.80, respectively; p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the durable serological and CD4+ T-cell responses developing in vaccinated PLWH are associated with IL-2-mediated CD4+ T-cell activation that likely compensates for CD4+ T-cell depletion in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Gupta
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elda Righi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelina Konnova
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Concetta Sciammarella
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincent Van Averbeke
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matilda Berkell
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Microbiology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo Mirandola
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Diletta Pezzani
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Vanham
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefano Porru
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Rival C, Mandal M, Cramton K, Qiao H, Arish M, Sun J, McCann JV, Dudley AC, Solga MD, Erdbrügger U, Erickson LD. B cells secrete functional antigen-specific IgG antibodies on extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16970. [PMID: 39043800 PMCID: PMC11266516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells and the antibodies they produce are critical in host defense against pathogens and contribute to various immune-mediated diseases. B cells responding to activating signals in vitro release extracellular vesicles (EV) that carry surface antibodies, yet B cell production of EVs that express antibodies and their function in vivo is incompletely understood. Using transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase in B cells switching to IgG1 to induce expression of fusion proteins between emerald green fluorescent protein (emGFP) and the EV tetraspanin CD63 as a model, we identify emGFP expression in B cells responding to foreign antigen in vivo and characterize the emGFP+ EVs they release. Our data suggests that emGFP+ germinal center B cells undergoing immunoglobulin class switching to express IgG and their progeny memory B cells and plasma cells, also emGFP+, are sources of circulating antigen-specific IgG+ EVs. Furthermore, using a mouse model of influenza virus infection, we find that IgG+ EVs specific for the influenza hemagglutinin antigen protect against virus infection. In addition, crossing the B cell Cre driver EV reporter mice onto the Nba2 lupus-prone strain revealed increased circulating emGFP+ EVs that expressed surface IgG against nuclear antigens linked to autoimmunity. These data identify EVs loaded with antibodies as a novel route for antibody secretion in B cells that contribute to adaptive immune responses, with important implications for different functions of IgG+ EVs in infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rival
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mahua Mandal
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kayla Cramton
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hui Qiao
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mohd Arish
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - James V McCann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Michael D Solga
- Flow Cytometry Core, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Loren D Erickson
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, PO Box 801386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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4
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Qi W, Tian J, Wang G, Yan Y, Wang T, Wei Y, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang J. Advances in cellular and molecular pathways of salivary gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405126. [PMID: 39050857 PMCID: PMC11266040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands. Primarily affected are the salivary glands, which exhibit the most frequent pathological changes. The pathogenesis involves susceptibility genes, non-genetic factors such as infections, immune cells-including T and B cells, macrophage, dendritic cells, and salivary gland epithelial cells. Inflammatory mediators such as autoantibodies, cytokines, and chemokines also play a critical role. Key signaling pathways activated include IFN, TLR, BAFF/BAFF-R, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, among others. Comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Thus, this study explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SS-related salivary gland damage, aiming to propose novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Qi
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiexiang Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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5
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Kögl T, Chang HF, Staniek J, Chiang SC, Thoulass G, Lao J, Weißert K, Dettmer-Monaco V, Geiger K, Manna PT, Beziat V, Momenilandi M, Tu SM, Keppler SJ, Pattu V, Wolf P, Kupferschmid L, Tholen S, Covill LE, Ebert K, Straub T, Groß M, Gather R, Engel H, Salzer U, Schell C, Maier S, Lehmberg K, Cornu TI, Pircher H, Shahrooei M, Parvaneh N, Elling R, Rizzi M, Bryceson YT, Ehl S, Aichele P, Ammann S. Patients and mice with deficiency in the SNARE protein SYNTAXIN-11 have a secondary B cell defect. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221122. [PMID: 38722309 PMCID: PMC11082451 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SYNTAXIN-11 (STX11) is a SNARE protein that mediates the fusion of cytotoxic granules with the plasma membrane at the immunological synapses of CD8 T or NK cells. Autosomal recessive inheritance of deleterious STX11 variants impairs cytotoxic granule exocytosis, causing familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 4 (FHL-4). In several FHL-4 patients, we also observed hypogammaglobulinemia, elevated frequencies of naive B cells, and increased double-negative DN2:DN1 B cell ratios, indicating a hitherto unrecognized role of STX11 in humoral immunity. Detailed analysis of Stx11-deficient mice revealed impaired CD4 T cell help for B cells, associated with disrupted germinal center formation, reduced isotype class switching, and low antibody avidity. Mechanistically, Stx11-/- CD4 T cells exhibit impaired membrane fusion leading to reduced CD107a and CD40L surface mobilization and diminished IL-2 and IL-10 secretion. Our findings highlight a critical role of STX11 in SNARE-mediated membrane trafficking and vesicle exocytosis in CD4 T cells, important for successful CD4 T cell-B cell interactions. Deficiency in STX11 impairs CD4 T cell-dependent B cell differentiation and humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kögl
- Institute for Immunology, Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hsin-Fang Chang
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julian Staniek
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center— University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel C.C. Chiang
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Thoulass
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Lao
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Weißert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viviane Dettmer-Monaco
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Geiger
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul T. Manna
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vivien Beziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mana Momenilandi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Szu-Min Tu
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina J. Keppler
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Varsha Pattu
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laurence Kupferschmid
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura E. Covill
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Ebert
- Institute for Immunology, Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Groß
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Gather
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helena Engel
- Institute for Immunology, Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center— University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Maier
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Lehmberg
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana I. Cornu
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Dr. Shahrooei Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roland Elling
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty for Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center— University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yenan T. Bryceson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Broegelmann Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Sepahi A, Ho HE, Vyas P, Umiker B, Kis-Toth K, Wiederschain D, Radigan L, Cunningham-Rundles C. ICOS agonist vopratelimab modulates follicular helper T cells and improves B cell function in common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110217. [PMID: 38621471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immune defect characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired development of B cells into plasma cells. As follicular helper T cells (TFH) play a central role in humoral immunity, we examined TFH cells in CVID, and investigated whether an inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) agonist, vopratelimab, could modulate TFH, B cell interactions and enhance immunoglobulin production. CVID subjects had decreased TFH17 and increased TFH1 subsets; this was associated with increased transitional B cells and decreased IgG+ B and IgD-IgM-CD27+ memory B cells. ICOS expression on CVID CD4+ T cells was also decreased. However, ICOS activation of CD4+ T cells by vopratelimab significantly increased total CVID TFH, TFH2, cell numbers, as well as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-21 secretion in vitro. Vopratelimab treatment also increased plasma cells, IgG+ B cells, reduced naïve & transitional B cells and significantly increased IgG1 secretion by CVID B cells. Interestingly, vopratelimab treatment also restored IgA secretion in PBMCs from several CVID patients who had a complete lack of endogenous serum IgA. Our data demonstrate the potential of TFH modulation in restoring TFH and enhancing B cell maturation in CVID. The effects of an ICOS agonist in antibody defects warrants further investigation. This biologic may also be of therapeutic interest in other clinical settings of antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sepahi
- PharmaEssentia Innovation Research Center, Bedford, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hsi-En Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prapti Vyas
- ReNAgade Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Umiker
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Katalin Kis-Toth
- NextPoint Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dmitri Wiederschain
- Crossbow Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lin Radigan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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7
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Tian Y, Wang Z, Sun J, Gu J, Xu X, Cai X. Surface display of the COE antigen of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus on Bacillus subtilis spores. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14518. [PMID: 38953907 PMCID: PMC11218686 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infects pigs of all ages by invading small intestine, causing acute diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration with high morbidity and mortality among newborn piglets. However, current PEDV vaccines are not effective to protect the pigs from field epidemic strains because of poor mucosal immune response and strain variation. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop a novel oral vaccine based on epidemic strains. Bacillus subtilis spores are attractive delivery vehicles for oral vaccination on account of the safety, high stability, and low cost. In this study, a chimeric gene CotC-Linker-COE (CLE), comprising of the B. subtilis spore coat gene cotC fused to the core neutralizing epitope CO-26 K equivalent (COE) of the epidemic strain PEDV-AJ1102 spike protein gene, was constructed. Then recombinant B. subtilis displaying the CLE on the spore surface was developed by homologous recombination. Mice were immunized by oral route with B. subtilis 168-CLE, B. subtilis 168, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as control. Results showed that the IgG antibodies and cytokine (IL-4, IFN-γ) levels in the B. subtilis 168-CLE group were significantly higher than the control groups. This study demonstrates that B. subtilis 168-CLE can generate specific systemic immune and mucosal immune responses and is a potential vaccine candidate against PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhanChina
| | - Zhichao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhanChina
| | - Ju Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhanChina
| | - Jiayun Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhanChina
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhanChina
| | - Xuwang Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhanChina
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8
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Cabioglu N, Onder S, Karatay H, Bayram A, Oner G, Tukenmez M, Muslumanoglu M, Igci A, Dinccag A, Ozmen V, Aydiner A, Saip P, Yavuz E. New Emerging Chemokine Receptors: CCR5 or CXCR5 on Tumor Is Associated with Poor Response to Chemotherapy and Poor Prognosis in Locally Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2388. [PMID: 39001456 PMCID: PMC11240792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to investigate any possible associations between chemokine receptor expression and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) along with outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with locally advanced disease. METHOD Expressions of chemokine receptors were examined immunohistochemically after staining archival tissue of surgical specimens (n = 63) using specific antibodies for CCR5, CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR5. RESULTS Patients with high CCR5, CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR5 expression on tumors and high CXCR4 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were less likely to have a pathological complete response (pCR) or Class 0-I RCB-Index compared to others. Patients with residual lymph node metastases (ypN-positive), high CCR5TM(tumor), and high CXCR4TM expressions had an increased hazard ratio (HR) compared to others (DFS: HR = 2.655 [1.029-6.852]; DSS: HR = 2.763 [1.008-7.574]), (DFS: HR = 2.036 [0.805-5.148]; DSS: HR = 2.689 [1.020-7.090]), and (DFS: HR = 2.908 [1.080-7.829]; DSS: HR = 2.132 (0.778-5.846)), respectively. However, patients without CXCR5TIL expression had an increased HR compared to those with CXCR5TIL (DFS: 2.838 [1.266-6.362]; DSS: 4.211 [1.770-10.016]). CONCLUSIONS High expression of CXCR4TM and CCR5TM was found to be associated with poor prognosis, and CXCR5TM was associated with poor chemotherapy response in the present cohort with locally advanced TNBC. Our results suggest that patients with TNBC could benefit from a chemokine receptor inhibitor therapy containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Cabioglu
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Semen Onder
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (S.O.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Hüseyin Karatay
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (S.O.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Aysel Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (S.O.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Gizem Oner
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Mustafa Tukenmez
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Mahmut Muslumanoglu
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Abdullah Igci
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Ahmet Dinccag
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Vahit Ozmen
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (A.D.); (V.O.)
| | - Adnan Aydiner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (A.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Pınar Saip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (A.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Ekrem Yavuz
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey; (S.O.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (E.Y.)
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9
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Williams CG, Moreira ML, Asatsuma T, Lee HJ, Li S, Barrera I, Murray E, Soon MSF, Engel JA, Khoury DS, Le S, Wanrooy BJ, Schienstock D, Alexandre YO, Skinner OP, Joseph R, Beattie L, Mueller SN, Chen F, Haque A. Plasmodium infection induces phenotypic, clonal, and spatial diversity among differentiating CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114317. [PMID: 38848213 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells must differentiate in order to orchestrate immunity to Plasmodium, yet understanding of their emerging phenotypes, clonality, spatial distributions, and cellular interactions remains incomplete. Here, we observe that splenic polyclonal CD4+ T cells differentiate toward T helper 1 (Th1) and T follicular helper (Tfh)-like states and exhibit rarer phenotypes not elicited among T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic counterparts. TCR clones present at higher frequencies exhibit Th1 skewing, suggesting that variation in major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) interaction influences proliferation and Th1 differentiation. To characterize CD4+ T cell interactions, we map splenic microarchitecture, cellular locations, and molecular interactions using spatial transcriptomics at near single-cell resolution. Tfh-like cells co-locate with stromal cells in B cell follicles, while Th1 cells in red pulp co-locate with activated monocytes expressing multiple chemokines and MHC-II. Spatial mapping of individual transcriptomes suggests that proximity to chemokine-expressing monocytes correlates with stronger effector phenotypes in Th1 cells. Finally, CRISPR-Cas9 gene disruption reveals a role for CCR5 in promoting clonal expansion and Th1 differentiation. A database of cellular locations and interactions is presented: https://haquelab.mdhs.unimelb.edu.au/spatial_gui/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Marcela L Moreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Takahiro Asatsuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Irving Barrera
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Murray
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jessica A Engel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - David S Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shirley Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brooke J Wanrooy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Dominick Schienstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Oliver P Skinner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rainon Joseph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia.
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10
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Guo S, Tian Y, Li J, Zeng X. A Glimpse into Humoral Response and Related Therapeutic Approaches of Takayasu's Arteritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6528. [PMID: 38928233 PMCID: PMC11203527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) manifests as an insidiously progressive and debilitating form of granulomatous inflammation including the aorta and its major branches. The precise etiology of TAK remains elusive, with current understanding suggesting an autoimmune origin primarily driven by T cells. Notably, a growing body of evidence bears testimony to the widespread effects of B cells on disease pathogenesis and progression. Distinct alterations in peripheral B cell subsets have been described in individuals with TAK. Advancements in technology have facilitated the identification of novel autoantibodies in TAK. Moreover, emerging data suggest that dysregulated signaling cascades downstream of B cell receptor families, including interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, as well as co-stimulatory molecules like CD40, CD80 and CD86, may result in the selection and proliferation of autoreactive B cell clones in TAK. Additionally, ectopic lymphoid neogenesis within the aortic wall of TAK patients exhibits functional characteristics. In recent decades, therapeutic interventions targeting B cells, notably utilizing the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, have demonstrated efficacy in TAK. Despite the importance of the humoral immune response, a systematic understanding of how autoreactive B cells contribute to the pathogenic process is still lacking. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological significance of B cell-mediated autoimmunity in TAK pathogenesis, as well as insights into therapeutic strategies targeting the humoral response. Furthermore, it examines the roles of T-helper and T follicular helper cells in humoral immunity and their potential contributions to disease mechanisms. We believe that further identification of the pathogenic role of autoimmune B cells and the underlying regulation system will lead to deeper personalized management of TAK patients. We believe that further elucidation of the pathogenic role of autoimmune B cells and the underlying regulatory mechanisms holds promise for the development of personalized approaches to managing TAK patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China; (S.G.); (Y.T.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing 100006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yixiao Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China; (S.G.); (Y.T.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing 100006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China; (S.G.); (Y.T.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing 100006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China; (S.G.); (Y.T.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing 100006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100006, China
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11
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Kumar S, Basto AP, Ribeiro F, Almeida SCP, Campos P, Peres C, Pulvirenti N, Al-Khalidi S, Kilbey A, Tosello J, Piaggio E, Russo M, Gama-Carvalho M, Coffelt SB, Roberts EW, Geginat J, Florindo HF, Graca L. Specialized Tfh cell subsets driving type-1 and type-2 humoral responses in lymphoid tissue. Cell Discov 2024; 10:64. [PMID: 38834551 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective antibody responses are essential to generate protective humoral immunity. Different inflammatory signals polarize T cells towards appropriate effector phenotypes during an infection or immunization. Th1 and Th2 cells have been associated with the polarization of humoral responses. However, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have a unique ability to access the B cell follicle and support the germinal center (GC) responses by providing B cell help. We investigated the specialization of Tfh cells induced under type-1 and type-2 conditions. We first studied homogenous Tfh cell populations generated by adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic T cells in mice immunized with type-1 and type-2 adjuvants. Using a machine learning approach, we established a gene expression signature that discriminates Tfh cells polarized towards type-1 and type-2 response, defined as Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells. The distinct signatures of Tfh1 and Tfh2 cells were validated against datasets of Tfh cells induced following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or helminth infection. We generated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics datasets to dissect the heterogeneity of Tfh cells and their localization under the two immunizing conditions. Besides a distinct specialization of GC Tfh cells under the two immunizations and in different regions of the lymph nodes, we found a population of Gzmk+ Tfh cells specific for type-1 conditions. In human individuals, we could equally identify CMV-specific Tfh cells that expressed Gzmk. Our results show that Tfh cells acquire a specialized function under distinct types of immune responses and with particular properties within the B cell follicle and the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Kumar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Afonso P Basto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Silvia C P Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Campos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Sarwah Al-Khalidi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Kilbey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jimena Tosello
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ed W Roberts
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milano, Italy
- Università degli studi di Milano, DISCCO, Milano, Italy
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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12
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Wang C, Geng Y, Wang H, Ren Z, Hou Q, Fang A, Wu Q, Wu L, Shi X, Zhou M, Fu ZF, Lovell JF, Jin H, Zhao L. A broadly applicable protein-polymer adjuvant system for antiviral vaccines. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1451-1483. [PMID: 38750307 PMCID: PMC11178928 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Although protein subunit vaccines generally have acceptable safety profiles with precise antigenic content, limited immunogenicity can lead to unsatisfactory humoral and cellular immunity and the need for vaccine adjuvants and delivery system. Herein, we assess a vaccine adjuvant system comprising Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) and cobalt porphyrin polymeric micelles that enabling the display of His-tagged antigen on its surface. The nanoscale micelles promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation to induce robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and germinal center formation. Using the recombinant protein antigens from influenza A and rabies virus, the micelle adjuvant system elicited robust antiviral responses and protected mice from lethal challenge. In addition, this system could be combined with other antigens to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in models of three highly pathogenic viral pathogens: Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Nipah virus. Collectively, our results demonstrate this polymeric micelle adjuvant system can be used as a potent nanoplatform for developing antiviral vaccine countermeasures that promote humoral and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Geng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zeheng Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingxiu Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - An Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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13
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Browne DJ, Miller CM, Doolan DL. Technical pitfalls when collecting, cryopreserving, thawing, and stimulating human T-cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382192. [PMID: 38812513 PMCID: PMC11133553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The collection, cryopreservation, thawing, and culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can profoundly influence T cell viability and immunogenicity. Gold-standard PBMC processing protocols have been developed by the Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination (HANC); however, these protocols are not universally observed. Herein, we have explored the current literature assessing how technical variation during PBMC processing can influence cellular viability and T cell immunogenicity, noting inconsistent findings between many of these studies. Amid the mounting concerns over scientific replicability, there is growing acknowledgement that improved methodological rigour and transparent reporting is required to facilitate independent reproducibility. This review highlights that in human T cell studies, this entails adopting stringent standardised operating procedures (SOPs) for PBMC processing. We specifically propose the use of HANC's Cross-Network PBMC Processing SOP, when collecting and cryopreserving PBMCs, and the HANC member network International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) PBMC Thawing SOP when thawing PBMCs. These stringent and detailed protocols include comprehensive reporting procedures to document unavoidable technical variations, such as delayed processing times. Additionally, we make further standardisation and reporting recommendations to minimise and document variability during this critical experimental period. This review provides a detailed overview of the challenges inherent to a procedure often considered routine, highlighting the importance of carefully considering each aspect of SOPs for PBMC collection, cryopreservation, thawing, and culture to ensure accurate interpretation and comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Browne
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M. Miller
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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14
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Luo RG, Wu YF, Lu HW, Weng D, Xu JY, Wang LL, Zhang LS, Zhao CQ, Li JX, Yu Y, Jia XM, Xu JF. Th2-skewed peripheral T-helper cells drive B-cells in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400386. [PMID: 38514095 PMCID: PMC11096668 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00386-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) suffer from repeated exacerbations. The involvement of T-cell subsets remains unclear. METHODS We enrolled ABPA patients, asthma patients and healthy controls. T-helper type 1 (Th1), 2 (Th2) and 17 (Th17) cells, regulatory T-cells (Treg) and interleukin (IL)-21+CD4+T-cells in total or sorted subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and ABPA bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed using flow cytometry. RNA sequencing of subsets of CD4+T-cells was done in exacerbated ABPA patients and healthy controls. Antibodies of T-/B-cell co-cultures in vitro were measured. RESULTS ABPA patients had increased Th2 cells, similar numbers of Treg cells and decreased circulating Th1 and Th17 cells. IL-5+IL-13+IL-21+CD4+T-cells were rarely detected in healthy controls, but significantly elevated in the blood of ABPA patients, especially the exacerbated ones. We found that IL-5+IL-13+IL-21+CD4+T-cells were mainly peripheral T-helper (Tph) cells (PD-1+CXCR5-), which also presented in the BALF of ABPA patients. The proportions of circulating Tph cells were similar among ABPA patients, asthma patients and healthy controls, while IL-5+IL-13+IL-21+ Tph cells significantly increased in ABPA patients. Transcriptome data showed that Tph cells of ABPA patients were Th2-skewed and exhibited signatures of follicular T-helper cells. When co-cultured in vitro, Tph cells of ABPA patients induced the differentiation of autologous B-cells into plasmablasts and significantly enhanced the production of IgE. CONCLUSION We identified a distinctly elevated population of circulating Th2-skewed Tph cells that induced the production of IgE in ABPA patients. It may be a biomarker and therapeutic target for ABPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Guang Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hai-Wen Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Dong Weng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jia-Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Le Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Qi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zareein A, Mahmoudi M, Jadhav SS, Wilmore J, Wu Y. Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1981-2006. [PMID: 38456305 PMCID: PMC11019864 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
B cell immunity has a penetrating effect on human health and diseases. Therapeutics aiming to modulate B cell immunity have achieved remarkable success in combating infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. However, current treatments still face significant limitations in generating effective long-lasting therapeutic B cell responses for many conditions. As the understanding of B cell biology has deepened in recent years, clearer regulation networks for B cell differentiation and antibody production have emerged, presenting opportunities to overcome current difficulties and realize the full therapeutic potential of B cell immunity. Biomaterial platforms have been developed to leverage these emerging concepts to augment therapeutic humoral immunity by facilitating immunogenic reagent trafficking, regulating T cell responses, and modulating the immune microenvironment. Moreover, biomaterial engineering tools have also advanced our understanding of B cell biology, further expediting the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will introduce the general concept of B cell immunobiology and highlight key biomaterial engineering strategies in the areas including B cell targeted antigen delivery, sustained B cell antigen delivery, antigen engineering, T cell help optimization, and B cell suppression. We will also discuss our perspective on future biomaterial engineering opportunities to leverage humoral immunity for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zareein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Sunil Jadhav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Joel Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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16
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Wellford SA, Schwartzberg PL. Help me help you: emerging concepts in T follicular helper cell differentiation, identity, and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102421. [PMID: 38733669 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Effective high-affinity, long-term humoral immunity requires T cell help provided by a subset of differentiated CD4+ T cells known as T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Classically, Tfh cells provide contact-dependent help for the generation of germinal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Recent studies have expanded the conventional definition of Tfh cells, revealing new functions, new descriptions of Tfh subsets, new factors regulating Tfh differentiation, and new roles outside of SLO GCs. Together, these data suggest that one Tfh is not equivalent to another, helping redefine our understanding of Tfh cells and their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Wellford
- Cell Signalling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signalling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Deng Y, Tang M, Ross TM, Schmidt AG, Chakraborty AK, Lingwood D. Repeated vaccination with homologous influenza hemagglutinin broadens human antibody responses to unmatched flu viruses. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.27.24303943. [PMID: 38585939 PMCID: PMC10996724 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.24303943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The on-going diversification of influenza virus necessicates annual vaccine updating. The vaccine antigen, the viral spike protein hemagglutinin (HA), tends to elicit strain-specific neutralizing activity, predicting that sequential immunization with the same HA strain will boost antibodies with narrow coverage. However, repeated vaccination with homologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine eventually elicits neutralizing activity against highly unmatched variants, questioning this immunological premise. We evaluated a longitudinal influenza vaccine cohort, where each year the subjects received the same, novel H1N1 2009 pandemic vaccine strain. Repeated vaccination gradually enhanced receptor-blocking antibodies (HAI) to highly unmatched H1N1 strains within individuals with no initial memory recall against these historical viruses. An in silico model of affinity maturation in germinal centers integrated with a model of differentiation and expansion of memory cells provides insight into the mechanisms underlying these results and shows how repeated exposure to the same immunogen can broaden the antibody response against diversified targets.
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18
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Ambegaonkar AA, Holla P, Sohn H, George R, Tran TM, Pierce SK. Isotype switching in human memory B cells sets intrinsic antigen-affinity thresholds that dictate antigen-driven fates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313672121. [PMID: 38502693 PMCID: PMC10990115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313672121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) play a critical role in protection against homologous and variant pathogen challenge by either differentiating to plasma cells (PCs) or to germinal center (GC) B cells. The human MBC compartment contains both switched IgG+ and unswitched IgM+ MBCs; however, whether these MBC subpopulations are equivalent in their response to B cell receptor cross-linking and their resulting fates is incompletely understood. Here, we show that IgG+ and IgM+ MBCs can be distinguished based on their response to κ-specific monoclonal antibodies of differing affinities. IgG+ MBCs responded only to high-affinity anti-κ and differentiated almost exclusively toward PC fates. In contrast, IgM+ MBCs were eliminated by apoptosis by high-affinity anti-κ but responded to low-affinity anti-κ by differentiating toward GC B cell fates. These results suggest that IgG+ and IgM+ MBCs may play distinct yet complementary roles in response to pathogen challenge ensuring the immediate production of high-affinity antibodies to homologous and closely related challenges and the generation of variant-specific MBCs through GC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A. Ambegaonkar
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Prasida Holla
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Rachel George
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Tuan M. Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Susan K. Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
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19
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Airola C, Andaloro S, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Vaccine Responses in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: From the Immune System to the Gut Microbiota. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:349. [PMID: 38675732 PMCID: PMC11054513 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines prevent a significant number of deaths annually. However, certain populations do not respond adequately to vaccination due to impaired immune systems. Cirrhosis, a condition marked by a profound disruption of immunity, impairs the normal immunization process. Critical vaccines for cirrhotic patients, such as the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), influenza, pneumococcal, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), often elicit suboptimal responses in these individuals. The humoral response, essential for immunization, is less effective in cirrhosis due to a decline in B memory cells and an increase in plasma blasts, which interfere with the creation of a long-lasting response to antigen vaccination. Additionally, some T cell subtypes exhibit reduced activation in cirrhosis. Nonetheless, the persistence of memory T cell activity, while not preventing infections, may help to attenuate the severity of diseases in these patients. Alongside that, the impairment of innate immunity, particularly in dendritic cells (DCs), prevents the normal priming of adaptive immunity, interrupting the immunization process at its onset. Furthermore, cirrhosis disrupts the gut-liver axis balance, causing dysbiosis, reduced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation. Undermining the physiological activity of the immune system, these alterations could impact the vaccine response. Enhancing the understanding of the molecular and cellular factors contributing to impaired vaccination responses in cirrhotic patients is crucial for improving vaccine efficacy in this population and developing better prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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20
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Karim F, Riou C, Bernstein M, Jule Z, Lustig G, van Graan S, Keeton RS, Upton JL, Ganga Y, Khan K, Reedoy K, Mazibuko M, Govender K, Thambu K, Ngcobo N, Venter E, Makhado Z, Hanekom W, von Gottberg A, Hoque M, Karim QA, Abdool Karim SS, Manickchund N, Magula N, Gosnell BI, Lessells RJ, Moore PL, Burgers WA, de Oliveira T, Moosa MYS, Sigal A. Clearance of persistent SARS-CoV-2 associates with increased neutralizing antibodies in advanced HIV disease post-ART initiation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2360. [PMID: 38491050 PMCID: PMC10943233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 clearance requires adaptive immunity but the contribution of neutralizing antibodies and T cells in different immune states is unclear. Here we ask which adaptive immune responses associate with clearance of long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-mediated immunosuppression after suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. We assembled a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected people in South Africa (n = 994) including participants with advanced HIV disease characterized by immunosuppression due to T cell depletion. Fifty-four percent of participants with advanced HIV disease had prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection (>1 month). In the five vaccinated participants with advanced HIV disease tested, SARS-CoV-2 clearance associates with emergence of neutralizing antibodies but not SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cells, while CD4 T cell responses were not determined due to low cell numbers. Further, complete HIV suppression is not required for clearance, although it is necessary for an effective vaccine response. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection led to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, including virus with extensive neutralization escape in a Delta variant infected participant. The results provide evidence that neutralizing antibodies are required for SARS-CoV-2 clearance in HIV-mediated immunosuppression recovery, and that suppressive ART is necessary to curtail evolution of co-infecting pathogens to reduce individual health consequences as well as public health risk linked with generation of escape mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | | | - Zesuliwe Jule
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gila Lustig
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roanne S Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | | | - Yashica Ganga
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kajal Reedoy
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Venter
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Willem Hanekom
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Monjurul Hoque
- KwaDabeka Community Health Centre, KwaDabeka, South Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nithendra Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nombulelo Magula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bernadett I Gosnell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard J Lessells
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
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21
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Wu P, Song Y, Chen Z, Xia J, Zhou Y. Changes of B cell subsets in different types of diabetes and its effect on the progression of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Endocrine 2024; 83:624-635. [PMID: 37755622 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental abnormalities in B cells is one of the key players in autoimmune diabetes, but little is known about its role in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This study aimed to investigate the distribution of B cell subsets in different types of diabetes and to analyze their correlations with other biochemical parameters. METHODS A total of 140 participants were prospectively enrolled from January 2021 to December 2022. Diabetes-related autoantibodies and laboratory indicators were tested. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentage of circulating B cell subsets and T follicular cells. The correlation of B cell subsets with different indicators was assessed by Spearman's correlation method. RESULTS We observed that the Naïve phenotype cells tended to be less frequent in patients with diabetes than in healthy controls. The frequency of plasmablasts (PB) and Breg cell-related phenotype (B10) were significantly higher in LADA. Notably, the percentage of PB was positively associated with levels of islet cell antibody (ICA) and insulin autoantibody (IAA), but inversely associated with fasting C-peptide (FCP), further indicating that PB may promote the destruction of β-cell in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that patients with LADA had significantly altered frequencies of B cell subsets, particularly in the naïve to memory B cell ratio. Our study provided valuable information on the distribution characteristics of B cell subsets in LADA and suggested the feasibility of B-cell targeted therapy in LADA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yingxiang Song
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Lin'an Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311311, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang province, No.182 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310063, China.
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22
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Jung I, Shin S, Baek MC, Yea K. Modification of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: current advances and therapeutic applications. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:19-31. [PMID: 38172594 PMCID: PMC10834411 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment of malignant tumors by harnessing the body's immune system to selectively target cancer cells. Despite remarkable advances, there are still challenges in achieving successful clinical responses. Recent evidence suggests that immune cell-derived exosomes modulate the immune system to generate effective antitumor immune responses, making them a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. However, natural exosomes are limited in clinical application due to their low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient antitumor capacity. Technological advancements have allowed exosome modifications to magnify their intrinsic functions, load different therapeutic cargoes, and preferentially target tumor sites. These engineered exosomes exert potent antitumor effects and have great potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe ingenious modification strategies to attain the desired performance. Moreover, we systematically summarize the tumor-controlling properties of engineered immune cell-derived exosomes in innate and adaptive immunity. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive and intuitive guide for harnessing the potential of modified immune cell-derived exosome-based approaches, offering valuable strategies to enhance and optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 43024, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Aoyagi R, Maehara T, Koga R, Munemura R, Tomonaga T, Murakami Y, Doi A, Yamamoto H, Kiyoshima T, Kawano S, Nakamura S. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals granzyme K-expressing cytotoxic Tfh cells in tertiary lymphoid structures in IgG4-RD. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:513-520.e10. [PMID: 37652139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinal center (GC) responses controlled by T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are crucial for the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Acquired immune responses to tissue-released antigens might be mainly induced in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) with GCs in affected tissues. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) demonstrates polarized isotype switching and TLOs in affected tissues. We performed single-cell transcriptomics of tissue-infiltrating T cells from these TLOs to obtain a comprehensive, unbiased view of tissue-infiltrating GC-Tfh cells. OBJECTIVE To identify GC-Tfh-cell subsets in TLOs in patients with IgG4-RD using single-cell transcriptomics. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing of sorted CD3+ T cells and multicolor immunofluorescence analysis were used to investigate CD4+CXCR5+Bcl6+ GC-Tfh cells in affected lesions from patients with IgG4-RD. RESULTS Infiltrating CD4+CXCR5+Bcl6+ Tfh cells were divided into 5 main clusters. We detected HLA+ granzyme K+ (GZMK+) Tfh cells with cytotoxicity-associated features in patients with IgG4-RD. We also observed abundant infiltrating Tfr cells with suppressor-associated features in patients with IgG4-RD. These GZMK+ Tfh cells and Tfr cells clustered together in affected tissues from patients with IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS This single-cell data set revealed a novel subset of HLA+GZMK+ cytotoxic Tfh cells infiltrating affected organs in patients with IgG4-RD, suggesting that infiltrating Tfr cells might suppress cytotoxic Tfh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Aoyagi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Risako Koga
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Munemura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tomonaga
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Murakami
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Davies K, McLaren J. Destabilisation of T cell-dependent humoral immunity in sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:65-85. [PMID: 38197178 PMCID: PMC10781648 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous condition defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For some, sepsis presents as a predominantly suppressive disorder, whilst others experience a pro-inflammatory condition which can culminate in a 'cytokine storm'. Frequently, patients experience signs of concurrent hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression, underpinning the difficulty in directing effective treatment. Although intensive care unit mortality rates have improved in recent years, one-third of discharged patients die within the following year. Half of post-sepsis deaths are due to exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, whilst half are due to complications arising from a deteriorated immune system. It has been suggested that the intense and dysregulated response to infection may induce irreversible metabolic reprogramming in immune cells. As a critical arm of immune protection in vertebrates, alterations to the adaptive immune system can have devastating repercussions. Indeed, a marked depletion of lymphocytes is observed in sepsis, correlating with increased rates of mortality. Such sepsis-induced lymphopenia has profound consequences on how T cells respond to infection but equally on the humoral immune response that is both elicited by B cells and supported by distinct CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. The immunosuppressive state is further exacerbated by functional impairments to the remaining lymphocyte population, including the presence of cells expressing dysfunctional or exhausted phenotypes. This review will specifically focus on how sepsis destabilises the adaptive immune system, with a closer examination on how B cells and CD4+ TFH cells are affected by sepsis and the corresponding impact on humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - James E. McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
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25
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Santacroce L, Topi S, Charitos IA, Lovero R, Luperto P, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E. Current Views about the Inflammatory Damage Triggered by Bacterial Superantigens and Experimental Attempts to Neutralize Superantigen-Mediated Toxic Effects with Natural and Biological Products. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:18-31. [PMID: 38251046 PMCID: PMC10801599 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Superantigens, i.e., staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, interact with T cells in a different manner in comparison to conventional antigens. In fact, they activate a larger contingent of T lymphocytes, binding outside the peptide-binding groove of the major histocompatibility complex class II. Involvement of many T cells by superantigens leads to a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Such a storm of mediators has been shown to account for tissue damage, multiorgan failure and shock. Besides conventional drugs and biotherapeutics, experiments with natural and biological products have been undertaken to attenuate the toxic effects exerted by superantigens. In this review, emphasis will be placed on polyphenols, probiotics, beta-glucans and antimicrobial peptides. In fact, these substances share a common functional denominator, since they skew the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory profile, thus mitigating the cytokine wave evoked by superantigens. However, clinical applications of these products are still scarce, and more trials are needed to validate their usefulness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Division of Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS) of Pavia—Scientific Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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26
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Brunel S, Picarda G, Gupta A, Ghosh R, McDonald B, El Morabiti R, Jiang W, Greenbaum JA, Adler B, Seumois G, Croft M, Vijayanand P, Benedict CA. Late-rising CD4 T cells resolve mouse cytomegalovirus persistent replication in the salivary gland. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011852. [PMID: 38236791 PMCID: PMC10796040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional antiviral memory CD4 T cells typically arise during the first two weeks of acute infection. Unlike most viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) exhibits an extended persistent replication phase followed by lifelong latency accompanied with some gene expression. We show that during mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, CD4 T cells recognizing an epitope derived from the viral M09 protein only develop after conventional memory T cells have already peaked and contracted. Ablating these CD4 T cells by mutating the M09 genomic epitope in the MCMV Smith strain, or inducing them by introducing the epitope into the K181 strain, resulted in delayed or enhanced control of viral persistence, respectively. These cells were shown to be unique compared to their conventional memory counterparts; producing higher IFNγ and IL-2 and lower IL-10 levels. RNAseq analyses revealed them to express distinct subsets of effector genes as compared to classical CD4 T cells. Additionally, when M09 cells were induced by epitope vaccination they significantly enhanced protection when compared to conventional CD4 T cells alone. These data show that late-rising CD4 T cells are a unique memory subset with excellent protective capacities that display a development program strongly differing from the majority of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brunel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gaelle Picarda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Raima Ghosh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan McDonald
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rachid El Morabiti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wenjin Jiang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Greenbaum
- LJI Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Adler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Benedict
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
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27
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Jiao A, Zhang C, Wang X, Sun L, Liu H, Su Y, Lei L, Li W, Ding R, Ding C, Dou M, Tian P, Sun C, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhang B. Single-cell sequencing reveals the evolution of immune molecules across multiple vertebrate species. J Adv Res 2024; 55:73-87. [PMID: 36871615 PMCID: PMC10770119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both innate and adaptive immune system undergo evolution from low to high vertebrates. Due to the limitation of conventional approaches in identifying broader spectrum of immune cells and molecules from various vertebrates, it remains unclear how immune molecules evolve among vertebrates. OBJECTIVES Here, we utilized carry out comparative transcriptome analysis in various immune cells across seven vertebrate species. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). RESULTS We uncovered both conserved and species-specific profiling of gene expression in innate and adaptive immunity. Macrophages exhibited highly-diversified genes and developed sophisticated molecular signaling networks along with evolution, indicating effective and versatile functions in higher species. In contrast, B cells conservatively evolved with less differentially-expressed genes in analyzed species. Interestingly, T cells represented a dominant immune cell populations in all species and unique T cell populations were identified in zebrafish and pig. We also revealed compensatory TCR cascade components utilized by different species. Inter-species comparison of core gene programs demonstrated mouse species has the highest similarity in immune transcriptomes to human. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our comparative study reveals gene transcription characteristics across multiple vertebrate species during the evolution of immune system, providing insights for species-specific immunity as well as the translation of animal studies to human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Meng Dou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Puxun Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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28
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Laliberté A, Prelli Bozzo C, Stahl-Hennig C, Hunszinger V, Joas S, Sauermann U, Roshani B, Klippert A, Daskalaki M, Mätz-Rensing K, Stolte-Leeb N, Tharp GK, Fuchs D, Gupta PM, Silvestri G, Nelson SA, Parodi L, Giavedoni L, Bosinger SE, Sparrer KM, Kirchhoff F. Vpr attenuates antiviral immune responses and is critical for full pathogenicity of SIV mac239 in rhesus macaques. iScience 2023; 26:108351. [PMID: 38025783 PMCID: PMC10679897 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accessory viral protein R (Vpr) is encoded by all primate lentiviruses. Vpr counteracts DNA repair pathways, modulates viral immune sensing, and induces cell-cycle arrest in cell culture. However, its impact in vivo is controversial. Here, we show that deletion of vpr is associated with delayed viral replication kinetics, rapid innate immune activation, development and maintenance of strong B and T cell responses, and increased neutralizing activity against SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques. All wild-type SIVmac239-infected animals maintained high viral loads, and five of six developed fatal immunodeficiency during ∼80 weeks of follow-up. Lack of Vpr was associated with better preservation of CD4+ T cells, lower viral loads, and an attenuated clinical course of infection in most animals. Our results show that Vpr contributes to efficient viral immune evasion and the full pathogenic potential of SIVmacin vivo. Inhibition of Vpr may improve humoral immune control of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Laliberté
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Caterina Prelli Bozzo
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Victoria Hunszinger
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Joas
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Berit Roshani
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Daskalaki
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prachi Mehrotra Gupta
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sydney A. Nelson
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Konstantin M.J. Sparrer
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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29
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Zaidi AK, Bajpai S, Dehgani-Mobaraki P. B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:155-181. [PMID: 38237985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of B cell responses in COVID-19, highlighting the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on B cell immunity. It explores the production and maturation of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells, with a focus on the two distinct phases of the humoral immune response: the extrafollicular (EF) phase and the germinal center (GC) phase. Furthermore, the interplay between B cells, follicular T helper cells, CD4+ T cells, and plasma cells is discussed, emphasizing their collaborative role in mounting an effective humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The concept of immunological memory is explored, highlighting the roles of plasma cells and B memory cells in providing long-term protection. The chapter delves into the antibody response during SARS-CoV-2 infection, categorizing the types of antibodies generated. This includes a detailed analysis of neutralizing antibodies, such as those directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD), as well as non-neutralizing antibodies. The role of mucosal antibodies, cross-reactive antibodies, and auto-reactive antibodies is also discussed. Factors influencing the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are examined, including the duration and strength of the humoral response. Additionally, the chapter highlights the impact of the Omicron variant on humoral immune responses and its implications for vaccine efficacy and antibody-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanchit Bajpai
- Consultant ENT & Head and Neck Surgeon at TSM Medical College and Multispeciality Hospital, Lucknow, India.
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Founder and President, Associazione Naso Sano, Ringgold Institution ID 567754, San Mariano, Italy
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30
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Maehara T, Koga R, Nakamura S. Immune dysregulation in immunoglobulin G4-related disease. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:1-7. [PMID: 36654676 PMCID: PMC9841035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibrotic disorder characterized by severe resolution of inflammation and dysregulation of wound healing. IgG4-RD has been considered a unique disease since 2003, and significant progress has been achieved in the understanding of its essential features. The central role of B cells in IgG4-RD has been demonstrated by the robust clinical responsiveness of IgG4-RD to B cell depletion and the identification of multiple self-antigens that promote B cell expansion. Studies have increasingly revealed critical roles of these B cells and T cells in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD, and we and other authors further identified CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes as the main tissue-infiltrating CD4+ T cell subset in IgG4-RD tissues. Additionally, T follicular helper cell subsets that play a role in IgG4 isotype switching have been identified. In this review, we discuss research on IgG4-RD and the roles of B cell and T cell subsets, as well as the functions of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells in IgG4-RD pathogenesis. We highlight our findings from ongoing research using single-cell analysis of infiltrating CD4+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ follicular helper T cells, and infiltrating B cells in IgG4-RD and propose a model for the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maehara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Correspondence to: Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3–1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812–8582, Japan.
| | - Risako Koga
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gupta R, Kalra P, Ramamurthy LB, Rath S. Thyroid Eye Disease and Its Association With Diabetes Mellitus: A Major Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:S51-S64. [PMID: 38054986 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid eye disease (TED) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) presents unique challenges. DM is a risk factor for TED. Standard management of TED with glucocorticoids (GC), orbital radiation, or teprotumumab can cause adverse events in poor glycemic control. The authors reviewed the literature on the relationship between TED and DM and the management of co-existing diseases. METHODS The authors searched PubMed with keywords "thyroid eye disease," "diabetes mellitus," and similar terms from 2013 to 2022. The authors included relevant studies after screening the abstracts. Additional references to the selected studies were included where applicable. Data were extracted from the final articles according to the preplanned outline of the review. RESULTS The initial search yielded 279 abstracts. The final review included 93 articles. TED and DM interact at multiple levels-genetic, immunologic, cellular, nutritional, and metabolic. Both DM and thyroid dysfunction exacerbate the morbidity caused by the other. Metabolic factors also affect the inflammatory pathway for TED. Patients with DM develop TED with greater frequency and severity, necessitating interventions for vision salvage. Agents (GC, teprotumumab, or radiation) used for TED are often unsuitable for treatment with DM, especially if there is poor glycemic control or diabetic retinopathy. There were no studies on using steroid-sparing agents in TED with DM. CONCLUSION TED and DM co-exist because of multiple intersections in the pathophysiology. Challenges in the treatment include increased TED severity and risk of hyperglycemia and retinopathy. Multidisciplinary teams best undertake treatment of TED with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshmi Gupta
- Orbit, Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Trustwell Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramila Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi B Ramamurthy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Suryasnata Rath
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit, and Ocular Oncology Services, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
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Haas KM. Noncanonical B Cells: Characteristics of Uncharacteristic B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1257-1265. [PMID: 37844278 PMCID: PMC10593487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes were originally described as a cell type uniquely capable of secreting Abs. The importance of T cell help in Ab production was revealed soon afterward. Following these seminal findings, investigators made great strides in delineating steps in the conventional pathway that B cells follow to produce high-affinity Abs. These studies revealed generalized, or canonical, features of B cells that include their developmental origin and paths to maturation, activation, and differentiation into Ab-producing and memory cells. However, along the way, examples of nonconventional B cell populations with unique origins, age-dependent development, tissue localization, and effector functions have been revealed. In this brief review, features of B-1a, B-1b, marginal zone, regulatory, killer, NK-like, age-associated, and atypical B cells are discussed. Emerging work on these noncanonical B cells and functions, along with the study of their significance for human health and disease, represents an exciting frontier in B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Ren C, Ji R, Li Y, He J, Hu W, Teng X, Gao J, Wu Y, Xu J. Longitudinal change trend of the TCR repertoire reveals the immune response intensity of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:39-47. [PMID: 37738878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence concerning the individual differences in neutralizing antibody responses after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine remains lacking. In this study, we collected the serum and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) of 16 subjects who had never suffered from COVID-19 before during the course of two vaccine doses. Microneutralization assay is used to determine the immune response intensity of vaccine subjects. we revealed the change trend of TCR diversity using T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Then, we analyzed the correlation between HLA class II allele frequencies and the intensity of immune response. Finally, we identified several CDR3 sequences related to the intensity of the immune response. We analyzed the differences in D50 (DD50) between different time points, and found that there were two patterns in the change trend of TCR diversity, and the increased diversity group has stronger immune response. The inactivated vaccine is different from the mRNA vaccine against the spike protein, resulting in differences in TCR repertoire response patterns and antibody responses, which are related to HLA-DRB1 * 09:01. The presence of specific CDR3 sequences in the increased diversity group, rather than gene usage of the VJ gene, determines the intensity and persistence of neutralizing antibody titers. Finally, We identified the different response patterns of the human TCR repertoire to inactivated vaccines. The pattern with increased diversity is more likely to appear strong and more lasting immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsi Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China.
| | - Ruili Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China.
| | - Yizhe Li
- West China TianFu Hospital,Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinyong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Medical Laboratory Center, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China; Medical Laboratory Center, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China.
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Mizera D, Dziedzic R, Drynda A, Gradzikiewicz A, Jakieła B, Celińska-Löwenhoff M, Padjas A, Matyja-Bednarczyk A, Zaręba L, Bazan-Socha S. Cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with primary antibody deficiencies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275892. [PMID: 37901210 PMCID: PMC10602693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are inborn defects of the immune system that result in increased susceptibility to infections. Despite the reduced response to vaccination, PAD patients still benefit from it by reducing the risk of severe infections and complications. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are recommended in PAD patients, but their immune effects are poorly studied. Here, we analyze virus-specific T-cell responses in PAD patients after booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Patients and methods The study included 57 adult PAD patients on long-term immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) diagnosed with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA; n = 4), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID; n = 33), isotype defects or IgG subclass deficiency (n = 6), and unclassified IgG deficiency (n = 14). Of those, 49 patients (86%) received vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 using mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). T-cell responses were assessed at a median of 21 (13 - 30) weeks after the booster dose (mainly the third dose) using commercially available interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein. Results Vaccinated PAD patients showed an increased (3.8-fold, p = 0.004) release of IFN-γ upon S1 stimulation. In this group, we also documented higher serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (4.1-fold, p = 0.01), although they were not associated with IGRA results. Further subgroup analysis revealed very similar IGRA responses in CVID and unclassified IgG deficiencies that were 2.4-fold increased compared to XLA and 5.4-fold increased compared to patients with isotype defects or IgG subclass deficiencies (e.g., vs. CVID: p = 0.016). As expected, CVID and XLA patients showed decreased serum titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared to other studied groups (e.g., CVID vs. unclassified IgG deficiency: 4.4-fold, p = 0.006). The results did not depend directly on IgRT mode or dose, number of vaccine doses and time from the last booster dose, and clinical manifestations of PAD. Interestingly, anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers were positively correlated with serum immunoglobulin levels before IgRT (e.g., for IgA: r = 0.45, p<0.001; for IgG: r = 0.34, p = 0.009) and the percentage of peripheral blood NK cells (r = 0.48, p<0.001). Conclusions Our results documented satisfactory in vitro cellular immune response in PAD patients after booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Therefore, even patients with agammaglobulinemia should benefit from vaccination due to the apparent induction of cell-mediated immunity, which, together with IgRT, grants comprehensive protection against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Mizera
- Center for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Radosław Dziedzic
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Group of Immune Diseases and Hypercoagulation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Drynda
- Students’ Scientific Group of Immune Diseases and Hypercoagulation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ada Gradzikiewicz
- Students’ Scientific Group of Immune Diseases and Hypercoagulation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakieła
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Lech Zaręba
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Kervella D, Torija A, Zúñiga JM, Bestard O. How to measure human leukocyte antigen-specific B cells. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2023; 28:345-354. [PMID: 37678170 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The implementation of highly sensitive immune assays measuring anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies has modified alloimmune risk stratification and diagnosis of rejection. Nonetheless, anti-HLA antibodies represent the downstream effector mechanism of the B-cell response. Better characterizing the cellular components of the humoral immune response (including memory B cells (mBCs) and long-lived plasma cells) could help to further stratify the alloimmune risk stratification and enable discovery of new therapeutic targets. Several tests that characterize HLA-specific mBCs, either functionally or phenotypically, have been developed in the last years, showing promising applications as well as some limitations. RECENT FINDINGS Functional assays involving ex vivo polyclonal activation of mBC have been refined to allow the detection of HLA-specific mBC capable of producing anti-HLA Abs, using different and complementary detection platforms such as multiplex Fluorospot and single antigen bead assay on culture supernatants. Detection of circulating HLA-specific B cells by flow cytometry remains hindered by the very low frequency of HLA-specific mBC. SUMMARY Technological refinements have allowed the development of tests detecting HLA-specific mBC. Further evaluation of these assays in clinical trials, both for immune risk stratification and to assess treatment efficacy (desensitization strategies, rescue therapies for ABMR) are now urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Kervella
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Department
- Translational Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Torija
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Department
- Translational Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Zúñiga
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Department
- Translational Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Bestard
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Department
- Translational Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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Song JY, Choi WS, Heo JY, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Jung DS, Kim SW, Park KH, Eom JS, Jeong SJ, Lee J, Kwon KT, Choi HJ, Sohn JW, Kim YK, Yoo BW, Jang IJ, Capeding MZ, Roman F, Breuer T, Wysocki P, Carter L, Sahastrabuddhe S, Song M, D'Cor N, Kim H, Ryu JH, Lee SJ, Park YW, Cheong HJ. Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccine GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03: interim results of a randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102140. [PMID: 37711219 PMCID: PMC10498190 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GBP510 vaccine contains self-assembling, recombinant nanoparticles displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains. We report interim phase 3 immunogenicity results for GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (GBP510/AS03) compared with ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) in healthy adults aged ≥18 years, up to 6 months after the second dose. Methods This was a randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, parallel group, phase 3 study, conducted at 38 sites across six countries (South Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Ukraine and New Zealand). Cohort 1 (no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 vaccination) was randomised 2:1 to receive two doses of GBP510/AS03 or ChAdOx1-S (immunogenicity and safety), while Cohort 2 (regardless of baseline serostatus) was randomised 5:1 (safety). Primary objectives were to demonstrate superiority in geometric mean titre (GMT) and non-inferiority in seroconversion rate (SCR; ≥4-fold rise from baseline) of GBP510/AS03 vs. ChAdOx1-S for neutralising antibodies against the ancestral strain by live-virus neutralisation assay. Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and reactogenicity (long-term 6 months cut-off date: 09 August 2022). This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05007951). Findings Between 30 August 2021 and 11 January 2022, a total of 4913 participants were screened and 4036 participants (1956 in Cohort 1 and 2080 in Cohort 2) who met eligibility criteria were enrolled and randomised to receive 2 doses of GBP510/AS03 (n = 3039) or ChAdOx1-S (n = 997). Most participants were Southeast Asian (81.5%) and aged 18-64 years (94.7%). The primary objectives assessed in per-protocol set included 877 participants in GBP510/AS03 and 441 in ChAdOx1-S group: at 2 weeks after the second vaccination, the GMT ratio (GBP510/AS03/ChAdOx1-S) in per-protocol set was 2.93 (95% CI 2.63-3.27), demonstrating superiority (95% CI lower limit >1) of GBP510/AS03; the between-group SCR difference of 10.8% (95% CI 7.68-14.32) also satisfied the non-inferiority criterion (95% CI lower limit > -5%). Neutralizing antibody titres sustained higher for the GBP510/AS03 group compared to the ChAdOx1-S group through 6 months after the second vaccination. In Safety analysis (Cohort 1 & 2), the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs) after any vaccination was higher with GBP510/AS03 vs. ChAdOx1-S for solicited local AEs (56.7% vs. 49.2%), but was similar for solicited systemic AEs (51.2% vs. 53.5%) and unsolicited AEs (13.3% vs. 14.6%) up to 28 days after the second vaccination. No safety concerns were identified during follow-up for 6 months after the second vaccination. Interpretation Our interim findings suggested that GBP510/AS03 met the superiority criterion for neutralising antibodies and non-inferiority criterion for SCR compared with ChAdOx1-S, and showed a clinically acceptable safety profile. Funding This work was supported, in whole or in part, by funding from CEPI and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Investments INV-010680 and INV-006462. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supported this project for the generation of IND-enabling data and CEPI supported this clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Centre, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Wook Sohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Wook Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Z. Capeding
- Tropical Disease Foundation – San Francisco Multi-purpose Bldg, Laguna, 4000, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | | | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveena D'Cor
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwa Ryu
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeen Lee
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Park
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cui C, Craft J, Joshi NS. T follicular helper cells in cancer, tertiary lymphoid structures, and beyond. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101797. [PMID: 37343412 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence and success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, immuno-oncology has primarily focused on CD8 T cells, whose cytotoxic programs directly target tumor cells. However, the limited response rate of current immunotherapy regimens has prompted investigation into other types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as CD4 T cells and B cells, and how they interact with CD8 T cells in a coordinated network. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells and B cells in cancer, highlighting the important role of their crosstalk and interactions with other immune cell components in the tumor microenvironment. These interactions also occur in tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which resemble secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) with orchestrated vascular, chemokine, and cellular infrastructures that support the developmental pathways of functional immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs on TFH biology and T cell-B cell interactions in tumor immunology, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets to advance cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Sengupta S, Shaw SK, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya G, Barik PK, Chattopadhyay S, Devadas S. Perturbations in spike-specific peripheral T follicular helper cells in SARS-CoV2 breakthrough convalescent individuals immunized by BBV152 vaccine. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29053. [PMID: 37650214 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection has caused an increase in mortality and morbidity, but with vaccination, the disease severity has significantly reduced. With the emergence of various variants of concern (VOCs), the vaccine breakthrough infection has also increased. Here we studied circulating spike-specific T follicular response (cTfh) in infection-naïve vaccinees and convalescent vaccinees (individuals who got the Delta breakthrough infection after two doses of BBV152 vaccine) to understand their response as they are the most crucial cells that are involved in vaccine-mediated protection by helping in B-cell maturation. Our results indicated that cTfh cells in both the groups recognized the wild-type and Delta spike protein but memory response to the wild-type spike was superior in infection-naïve than in the convalescent group. The cytokine response, particularly interleukin-21 (IL-21) from cTfh, was also higher in infection-naïve than in convalescent vaccinees, indicating a dampened cTfh response in convalescent vaccinees after breakthrough infection. Also, there was a positive correlation between IL-21 from cTfh cells and neutralizing antibodies of infection-naïve vaccinees. Multiple cytokine analysis also revealed higher inflammation in convalescent vaccinees. Our data indicated that the necessity of a third booster dose may be individual-specific depending on the steady-state functional phenotype of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sengupta
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shubham K Shaw
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanchari Chatterjee
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Molecular Virology Lab, Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gargee Bhattacharya
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash K Barik
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Molecular Virology Lab, Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Satish Devadas
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Besavilla DF, Reusch L, Enriquez J, Schön K, Angeletti D. Pre-existing CD4 T cell help boosts antibody responses but has limited impact on germinal center, antigen-specific B cell frequencies after influenza infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243164. [PMID: 37711622 PMCID: PMC10499173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is a persistent burden on global health, with seasonal vaccines providing incomplete protection. CD4+ T cells help shape B cell and antibody responses; however, the selectivity of help and the effect on various antigen-specific B cell populations have not been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the specificity, selectivity, and influence of nucleoprotein (NP) CD4+ T cells on the magnitude and quality of hemagglutinin (HA) and NP-specific B cells and antibody responses. We identified immunodominant peptides and showed that peptide immunization was sufficient to induce CD4+ cells with Th1 and Tfh phenotypes. Surprisingly, while preexisting CD4+ T cells enhanced the influx of total germinal center (GC) B cells in the mediastinal lymph node after infection, this was not reflected by an increase in the frequency of antigen-specific cells within the GC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NP-specific help was able to accelerate the kinetics and magnitude of the Ab response for NP but not for HA. Overall, our results showed that pre-existing CD4+ T cells provide strong cognate help during immunization or infection to enhance Ab production but not antigen-specific GC or memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica F. Besavilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Reusch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josue Enriquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zou G, He L, Rao J, Song Z, Du H, Li R, Wang W, Zhou Y, Liang L, Chen H, Li J. Improving the safety and efficacy of phage therapy from the perspective of phage-mammal interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad042. [PMID: 37442611 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising solution for combating antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections. Increasingly, studies have revealed that phages possess therapeutic potential beyond their antimicrobial properties, including regulating the gut microbiome and maintain intestinal homeostasis, as a novel nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery. However, the complexity and unpredictability of phage behavior during treatment pose a significant challenge in clinical practice. The intricate interactions established between phages, humans, and bacteria throughout their long coexistence in the natural ecosystem contribute to the complexity of phage behavior in therapy, raising concerns about their efficacy and safety as therapeutic agents. Revealing the mechanisms by which phages interact with the human body will provide a theoretical basis for increased application of promising phage therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of phage-mammal interactions, including signaling pathways, adaptive immunity responses, and phage-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. Then, from the perspective of phage-mammalian immune system interactions, we present the first systematic overview of the factors affecting phage therapy, such as the mode of administration, the physiological status of the patient, and the biological properties of the phage, to offer new insights into phage therapy for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Rao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Du
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Runze Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Liang
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Iriki H, Mukai M, Asahina Y, Kubo Y, Ito H, Amagai M, Takahashi H. Attenuation of OX40 signaling suppression by age disrupts peripheral deletion of CD4 + T cells specific for the epidermal autoantigen desmoglein 3. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 37308897 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various autoimmune responses increase with age, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we used CD4+ T cells expressing a transgenic T cell receptor specific for desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), which is the target antigen of the autoimmune bullous disease pemphigus vulgaris, to examine how peripheral immunological tolerance against pathogenic autoreactive CD4+ T cells changes with age. Dsg3-specific T cells were deleted within 14 days after adoptive transfer into young mice (8 weeks old), while they escaped deletion when transferred into older mice over 42 weeks old. Dsg3-specific T cells produced higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in aged mice than in young mice. In addition, the expression levels of both OX40 and Birc5, which are important for cell survival in T cell clonal proliferation, were higher in aged than in young mice. The dysfunction in suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and Birc5 upregulation in Dsg3-specific autoreactive T cells may reflect an aspect of the preliminary steps in autoimmune disease development in the aged population. Understanding this mechanism may lead to better risk evaluation of autoimmune disease development and to onset prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Iriki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Mukai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Duette G, Lee E, Martins Costa Gomes G, Tungatt K, Doyle C, Stylianou VV, Lee A, Maddocks S, Taylor J, Khanna R, Bull RA, Martinello M, Sandgren KJ, Cunningham AL, Palmer S. Highly Networked SARS-CoV-2 Peptides Elicit T Cell Responses with Enhanced Specificity. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:508-527. [PMID: 37358499 PMCID: PMC10580120 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell epitope-derived peptides is critical for the development of effective vaccines and measuring the duration of specific SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity. In this regard, we previously identified T cell epitope-derived peptides within topologically and structurally essential regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins by applying an immunoinformatics pipeline. In this study, we selected 30 spike- and nucleocapsid-derived peptides and assessed whether these peptides induce T cell responses and avoid major mutations found in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our peptide pool was highly specific, with only a single peptide driving cross-reactivity in people unexposed to SARS-COV-2, and immunogenic, inducing a polyfunctional response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 recovered individuals. All peptides were immunogenic and individuals recognized broad and diverse peptide repertoires. Moreover, our peptides avoided most mutations/deletions associated with all four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern while retaining their physicochemical properties even when genetic changes are introduced. This study contributes to an evolving definition of individual CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes that can be used for specific diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses and is relevant to the development of variant-resistant and durable T cell-stimulating vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Duette
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eunok Lee
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Katie Tungatt
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chloe Doyle
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicki V. Stylianou
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Lee
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Maddocks
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette Taylor
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marianne Martinello
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Blacktown & Mount Druitt Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie J. Sandgren
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lin N, Yin W, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Herrada AA, Benlagha K, Lee P, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Yan Y, Filatov A, Liu C. The role of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells in HBV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169601. [PMID: 37275865 PMCID: PMC10235474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B has become one of the major global health threats, especially in developing countries and regions. Hepatitis B virus infection greatly increases the risk for liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. However, treatment for hepatitis B is limited when considering the huge base of infected people. The immune response against hepatitis B is mediated mainly by CD8+ T cells, which are key to fighting invading viruses, while regulatory T cells prevent overreaction of the immune response process. Additionally, follicular T helper cells play a key role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of germinal centers. The pathogenic process of hepatitis B virus is generally the result of a disorder or dysfunction of the immune system. Therefore, we present in this review the critical functions and related biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqi Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Research and Development, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrés A. Herrada
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Youqing Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wuhan No.7 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Thawornpan P, Malee C, Kochayoo P, Wangriatisak K, Leepiyasakulchai C, Ntumngia FB, De SL, Adams JH, Chootong P. Characterization of Duffy Binding Protein II-specific CD4 +T cell responses in Plasmodium vivax patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7741. [PMID: 37173361 PMCID: PMC10177721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein region II (PvDBPII) is a leading vaccine candidate against blood-stage vivax malaria. Anti-PvDBPII antibodies potentially block parasite invasion by inhibition of erythrocyte binding. However, knowledge of PvDBPII-specific T cell responses is limited. Here, to assess the responses of PvDBPII-specific CD4+T cells in natural P. vivax infection, three cross-sectional studies were conducted in recovered subjects. In silico analysis was used for potential T cell epitope prediction and selection. PBMCs from P. vivax subjects were stimulated with selected peptides and examined for cytokine production by ELISPOT or intracellular cytokine staining. Six dominant T cell epitopes were identified. Peptide-driven T cell responses showed effector memory CD4+T cell phenotype, secreting both IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines. Single amino acid substitutions in three T cell epitopes altered levels of IFN-γ memory T cell responses. Seropositivity of anti-PvDBPII antibodies were detected during acute malaria (62%) and persisted up to 12 months (11%) following P. vivax infection. Further correlation analysis showed four out of eighteen subjects had positive antibody and CD4+T cell responses to PvDBPII. Altogether, PvDBPII-specific CD4+T cells were developed in natural P. vivax infections. Data on their antigenicity could facilitate development of an efficacious vivax malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Thawornpan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayapat Malee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kochayoo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittikorn Wangriatisak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francis B Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sai Lata De
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John H Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Diamos AG, Pardhe MD, Bergeman MH, Kamzina AS, DiPalma MP, Aman S, Chaves A, Lowe K, Kilbourne J, Hogue IB, Mason HS. A self-binding immune complex vaccine elicits strong neutralizing responses against herpes simplex virus in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085911. [PMID: 37205110 PMCID: PMC10186352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been known for over half a century that mixing an antigen with its cognate antibody in an immune complex (IC) can enhance antigen immunogenicity. However, many ICs produce inconsistent immune responses, and the use of ICs in the development new vaccines has been limited despite the otherwise widespread success of antibody-based therapeutics. To address this problem, we designed a self-binding recombinant immune complex (RIC) vaccine which mimics the larger ICs generated during natural infection. Materials and methods In this study, we created two novel vaccine candidates: 1) a traditional IC targeting herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) by mixing glycoprotein D (gD) with a neutralizing antibody (gD-IC); and 2) an RIC consisting of gD fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain and then tagged with its own binding site, allowing self-binding (gD-RIC). We characterized the complex size and immune receptor binding characteristics in vitro for each preparation. Then, the in vivo immunogenicity and virus neutralization of each vaccine were compared in mice. Results gD-RIC formed larger complexes which enhanced C1q receptor binding 25-fold compared to gD-IC. After immunization of mice, gD-RIC elicited up to 1,000-fold higher gD-specific antibody titers compared to traditional IC, reaching endpoint titers of 1:500,000 after two doses without adjuvant. The RIC construct also elicited stronger virus-specific neutralization against HSV-2, as well as stronger cross-neutralization against HSV-1, although the proportion of neutralizing antibodies to total antibodies was somewhat reduced in the RIC group. Discussion This work demonstrates that the RIC system overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional IC, providing potent immune responses against HSV-2 gD. Based on these findings, further improvements to the RIC system are discussed. RIC have now been shown to be capable of inducing potent immune responses to a variety of viral antigens, underscoring their broad potential as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Diamos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian B. Hogue
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Hugh S. Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Mousavi T, Moosazadeh M. Association of hospitalization rate, mortality and CD4 T cell count with comorbidity of COVID-19 and HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023. [PMID: 36924275 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological results have shown that some factors such as co-infection of SARS-COV-2 and HIV is associated with COVID-19 severity, rates of hospitalization, and mortality. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to assess the odds ratio of hospitalization rate, mortality and average standardized difference of CD4 counts in COVID-19/ HIV co-infection patients vs control group.This meta-analysis was examined by PRISMA-P checklist. Studies were obtained from online databases such as Science direct, Pub med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar using Mesh و Non-Mesh keywords. NOS checklist was used to assess the quality of studies. According to the random effect models, the odds ratio of hospitalization, mortality, and average standardized difference of CD4 counts was estimated. Data analysis was performed using Stata ver.14 software. By the use of strict inclusion criteria, 8 initial studies entered into the meta-analysis. The odds ratio of hospitalization and mortality rates in COVID-19 patients with HIV was 1.67(95% CI: 0.76, 3.71) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.11) times higher than that of the control group. In this meta-analysis, there was no observed a statistically significant difference in the rate of hospitalization, mortality and CD4 counts in COVID-19 patients with HIV and the control group. However, the hospitalization rate in COVID-19/ HIV co-infection patients was 67% higher than the control group. The similarity results between two groups can probably be attributed to some factors, such as the low number of COVID-19/ HIV co-infection patients and the presence of random error, HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and early hospitalization in COVID-19/ HIV co-infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahoora Mousavi
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 92948, Sari, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of), 2200533349;
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 92948, Sari, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
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Hayward DA, Vanes L, Wissmann S, Sivapatham S, Hartweger H, Biggs O’May J, de Boer LL, Mitter R, Köchl R, Stein JV, Tybulewicz VL. B cell-intrinsic requirement for WNK1 kinase in antibody responses in mice. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211827. [PMID: 36662229 PMCID: PMC9872328 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration and adhesion play critical roles in B cells, regulating recirculation between lymphoid organs, migration within lymphoid tissue, and interaction with CD4+ T cells. However, there is limited knowledge of how B cells integrate chemokine receptor and integrin signaling with B cell activation to generate efficient humoral responses. Here, we show that the WNK1 kinase, a regulator of migration and adhesion, is essential in B cells for T-dependent and -independent antibody responses. We demonstrate that WNK1 transduces signals from the BCR, CXCR5, and CD40, and using intravital imaging, we show that WNK1 regulates migration of naive and activated B cells, and their interactions with T cells. Unexpectedly, we show that WNK1 is required for BCR- and CD40-induced proliferation, acting through the OXSR1 and STK39 kinases, and for efficient B cell-T cell collaboration in vivo. Thus, WNK1 is critical for humoral immune responses, by regulating B cell migration, adhesion, and T cell-dependent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sujana Sivapatham
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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48
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Liu J, Ding M, Bai J, Luo R, Liu R, Qu J, Li X. Decoding the role of immune T cells: A new territory for improvement of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. IMETA 2023; 2:e76. [PMID: 38868343 PMCID: PMC10989916 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new emerging concept and is associated with metabolic dysfunction, generally replacing the name of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to heterogeneous liver condition and inaccuracies in definition. The prevalence of MAFLD is rising by year due to dietary changes, metabolic disorders, and no approved therapy, affecting a quarter of the global population and representing a major economic problem that burdens healthcare systems. Currently, in addition to the common causative factors like insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity, the role of immune cells, especially T cells, played in MAFLD is increasingly being emphasized by global scholars. Based on the diverse classification and pathophysiological effects of immune T cells, we comprehensively analyzed their bidirectional regulatory effects on the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment and MAFLD progression. This interaction between MAFLD and T cells was also associated with hepatic-intestinal immune crosstalk and gut microbiota homeostasis. Moreover, we pointed out several T-cell-based therapeutic approaches including but not limited to adoptive transfer of T cells, fecal microbiota transplantation, and drug therapy, especially for natural products and Chinese herbal prescriptions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the important role of T cells played in MAFLD progression and corresponding therapeutic options and provides a potential reference for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jinzhao Bai
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ranyi Luo
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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49
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Kumar NP, Babu S. Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1095467. [PMID: 36993821 PMCID: PMC10012073 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1095467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a major health threat and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacilli, hosts who fail to clear M.tb end up in a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), in which the bacteria are contained but not eliminated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a noncommunicable disease that can weaken host immunity and lead to increased susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between DM and active TB, data on the association between DM and LTBI remains limited. Immunological data suggest that LTBI in the presence of DM leads to an impaired production of protective cytokines and poly-functional T cell responses, accounting for a potential immunological mechanism that could leads to an increased risk of active TB. This review highlights the salient features of the immunological underpinnings influencing the interaction between TB and DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathella Pavan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Nathella Pavan Kumar, ,
| | - Subash Babu
- International Centre for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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50
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Han Y, Yu X, Lu Y, Shen Y, Wang X, Wei H, Ni K, Qu J, Chen G. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate aggravates fine particulate matter-induced asthma in weanling mice due to T follicular helper cell-dependent response. Toxicology 2023; 484:153406. [PMID: 36549504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants fine particulate matter and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are believed to be the risk factors for childhood asthma. Allergic asthma is basically an immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE, the product of humoral immune response. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have been newly identified as the crucial T helper cells for supporting B cells to produce immunoglobulins in humoral immunity. Tfh cells are therefore potentially to serve as the diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of immune diseases. In this study, we examined the joint effects of fine particulate matter and DEHP on the initiation and progression of asthma and explored the fundamental role of Tfh cells during the process. Weanling C57BL/6 mice (both sexes) were concurrently exposed to DEHP (intragastric administration at 300 μg/kg) and fine atmospheric particulate matter (mean particle diameter < 4 µm, PM4) (oropharyngeal instillation at 2 mg/kg) once every three days for 30 days (10 times). We found that DEHP displayed adjuvant effects to potentiate PM4 allergen-induced expansion of Tfh and plasma cells, production of serum IgE and IgG1, and occurrence of airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation. Then PM4 and DEHP co-exposure was performed to Cd4 knock-out mice reconstituted with normal wild-type adoptive Tfh cells or non-Tfh cells. The results of immune adoptive transfusion indicated that the joint immunotoxic effects of PM4 and DEHP were dependent on Tfh cells. We further proved that DEHP could adjuvantly boost PM4-induced expression of BCL-6 and c-MAF and secretion of IL-13 and IL-4 in Tfh cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that DEHP metabolites act in an adjuvant-like manner to aggravate PM4 allergen-induced asthma based on anaphylactic IgE response, resulting from excessive IL-13 and IL-4 synthesized by abnormally differentiated Tfh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiangjun Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kaihua Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China.
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