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Zhong Y, Guo J, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Yang M, Su Y. Exogenous NADH promotes the bactericidal effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics against Edwardsiella tarda. Virulence 2024; 15:2367647. [PMID: 38884466 PMCID: PMC11185186 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2367647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The global surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria owing to antibiotic misuse and overuse poses considerable risks to human and animal health. With existing antibiotics losing their effectiveness and the protracted process of developing new antibiotics, urgent alternatives are imperative to curb disease spread. Notably, improving the bactericidal effect of antibiotics by using non-antibiotic substances has emerged as a viable strategy. Although reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) may play a crucial role in regulating bacterial resistance, studies examining how the change of metabolic profile and bacterial resistance following by exogenous administration are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the metabolic changes that occur in Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda), which exhibits resistance to various antibiotics, following the exogenous addition of NADH using metabolomics. The effects of these alterations on the bactericidal activity of neomycin were investigated. NADH enhanced the effectiveness of aminoglycoside antibiotics against E. tarda ATCC15947, achieving bacterial eradication at low doses. Metabolomic analysis revealed that NADH reprogrammed the ATCC15947 metabolic profile by promoting purine metabolism and energy metabolism, yielding increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Increased ATP levels played a crucial role in enhancing the bactericidal effects of neomycin. Moreover, exogenous NADH promoted the bactericidal efficacy of tetracyclines and chloramphenicols. NADH in combination with neomycin was effective against other clinically resistant bacteria, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. These results may facilitate the development of effective approaches for preventing and managing E. tarda-induced infections and multidrug resistance in aquaculture and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manjun Yang
- Xizang Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug, Xizang Vocational Technical College, Lasa, Xizang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubin Su
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Li H, E W, Zhao D, Liu H, Pei J, Du B, Liu K, Zhu X, Wang C. Response of Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2 to the stress of polymyxin B and a key ABC transporter YwjA involved. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:17. [PMID: 38170316 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymyxins are cationic peptide antibiotics and regarded as the "final line of defense" against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Meanwhile, some polymyxin-resistant strains and the corresponding resistance mechanisms have also been reported. However, the response of the polymyxin-producing strain Paenibacillus polymyxa to polymyxin stress remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress response of gram-positive P. polymyxa SC2 to polymyxin B and to identify functional genes involved in the stress response process. Polymyxin B treatment upregulated the expression of genes related to basal metabolism, transcriptional regulation, transport, and flagella formation and increased intracellular ROS levels, flagellar motility, and biofilm formation in P. polymyxa SC2. Adding magnesium, calcium, and iron alleviated the stress of polymyxin B on P. polymyxa SC2, furthermore, magnesium and calcium could improve the resistance of P. polymyxa SC2 to polymyxin B by promoting biofilm formation. Meanwhile, functional identification of differentially expressed genes indicated that an ABC superfamily transporter YwjA was involved in the stress response to polymyxin B of P. polymyxa SC2. This study provides an important reference for improving the resistance of P. polymyxa to polymyxins and increasing the yield of polymyxins. KEY POINTS: • Phenotypic responses of P. polymyxa to polymyxin B was performed and indicated by RNA-seq • Forming biofilm was a key strategy of P. polymyxa to alleviate polymyxin stress • ABC transporter YwjA was involved in the stress resistance of P. polymyxa to polymyxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wenhui E
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dongying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jian Pei
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xueming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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3
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Mohamed DFMS, Tarafdar A, Lee SY, Oh HB, Kwon JH. Assessment of biodegradation and toxicity of alternative plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate: Impacts on microbial biofilms, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species-mediated stress response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124217. [PMID: 38797346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Although di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DOTP) is being widely adopted as a non-phthalate plasticizer, existing research primarily focuses on human and rat toxicity. This leaves a significant gap in our understanding of their impact on microbial communities. This study assessed the biodegradation and toxicity of DOTP on microbes, focusing on its impact on biofilms and microbial metabolism using Rhodococcus ruber as a representative bacterial strain. DOTP is commonly found in mass fractions between 0.6 and 20% v/v in various soft plastic products. This study used polyvinyl chloride films (PVC) with varying DOTP concentrations (range 1-10% v/v) as a surface for analysis of biofilm growth. Cell viability and bacterial stress responses were tested using LIVE/DEAD™ BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit and by the detection of reactive oxygen species using CellROX™ Green Reagent, respectively. An increase in the volume of dead cells (in the plastisphere biofilm) was observed with increasing DOTP concentrations in experiments using PVC films, indicating the potential negative impact of DOTP on microbial communities. Even at a relatively low concentration of DOTP (1%), signs of stress in the microbes were noticed, while concentrations above 5% compromised their ability to survive. This research provides a new understanding of the environmental impacts of alternative plasticizers, prompting the need for additional research into their wider effects on both the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Fahad M S Mohamed
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhrajyoti Tarafdar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07ADY7, Ireland
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Downs DM, Poole RK. Interpreting the role of antioxidants in vivo: A cautionary tale. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38960396 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have a remarkable ability to sense environmental stresses and to respond to these stressors by adapting their metabolism and physiology. In recent publications, investigators have suggested that multiple stresses that cause cell death share the mechanistic feature of stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A central piece of evidence cited in these claims is the ability of exogenous antioxidant compounds to mitigate stress-related cell death. The validity of attributing a positive effect of exogenous antioxidants to ROS-mediated stress is challenged by an important study by Korshunov and Imlay in this issue of Molecular Microbiology. This study reports biochemical data that convincingly show that some commonly used antioxidants quench oxidants orders of magnitude too slowly to have a significant effect on the concentration of ROS in the cell. Under conditions where antioxidants minimize cell death, they also slow growth. Significantly, slowing cell growth by other means has the same restorative effect as adding an antioxidant. Based on the solid biochemical and genetic data, Korshunov and Imlay make the case for discarding the use of antioxidants to diagnose conditions that generate increased internal ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Downs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert K Poole
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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5
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Kochanowsky R, Carothers K, Roxas BAP, Anwar F, Viswanathan VK, Vedantam G. Clostridioides difficile superoxide reductase mitigates oxygen sensitivity. J Bacteriol 2024:e0017524. [PMID: 38953644 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile causes a serious diarrheal disease and is a common healthcare-associated bacterial pathogen. Although it has a major impact on human health, the mechanistic details of C. difficile intestinal colonization remain undefined. C. difficile is highly sensitive to oxygen and requires anaerobic conditions for in vitro growth. However, the mammalian gut is not devoid of oxygen, and C. difficile tolerates moderate oxidative stress in vivo. The C. difficile genome encodes several antioxidant proteins, including a predicted superoxide reductase (SOR) that is upregulated upon exposure to antimicrobial peptides. The goal of this study was to establish SOR enzymatic activity and assess its role in protecting C. difficile against oxygen exposure. Insertional inactivation of sor rendered C. difficile more sensitive to superoxide, indicating that SOR contributes to antioxidant defense. Heterologous C. difficile sor expression in Escherichia coli conferred protection against superoxide-dependent growth inhibition, and the corresponding cell lysates showed superoxide scavenging activity. Finally, a C. difficile SOR mutant exhibited global proteome changes under oxygen stress when compared to the parent strain. Collectively, our data establish the enzymatic activity of C. difficile SOR, confirm its role in protection against oxidative stress, and demonstrate SOR's broader impacts on the C. difficile vegetative cell proteome.IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is an important pathogen strongly associated with healthcare settings and capable of causing severe diarrheal disease. While considered a strict anaerobe in vitro, C. difficile has been shown to tolerate low levels of oxygen in the mammalian host. Among other well-characterized antioxidant proteins, the C. difficile genome encodes a predicted superoxide reductase (SOR), an understudied component of antioxidant defense in pathogens. The significance of the research reported herein is the characterization of SOR's enzymatic activity, including confirmation of its role in protecting C. difficile against oxidative stress. This furthers our understanding of C. difficile pathogenesis and presents a potential new avenue for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kochanowsky
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katelyn Carothers
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bryan Angelo P Roxas
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Farhan Anwar
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - V K Viswanathan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gayatri Vedantam
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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6
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Szymczak K, Woźniak-Pawlikowska A, Burzyńska N, Król M, Zhang L, Nakonieczna J, Grinholc M. Decrease of ESKAPE virulence with a cationic heme-mimetic gallium porphyrin photosensitizer: The Trojan horse strategy that could help address antimicrobial resistance. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112928. [PMID: 38723545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has forced an urgent need for alternative non-antibiotic strategies development that could combat drug resistant-associated infections. Suppression of virulence of ESKAPE pathogens' by targeting multiple virulence traits provides a promising approach. OBJECTIVES Here we propose an iron-blocking antibacterial therapy based on a cationic heme-mimetic gallium porphyrin (GaCHP), which antibacterial efficacy could be further enhanced by photodynamic inactivation. METHODS We used gallium heme mimetic porphyrin (GaCHP) excited with light to significantly reduce microbial viability and suppress both the expression and biological activity of several virulence traits of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ESKAPE representatives, i.e., S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, further improvement of the proposed strategy by combining it with routinely used antimicrobials to resensitize the microbes to antibiotics and provide enhanced bactericidal efficacy was investigated. RESULTS The proposed strategy led to substantial inactivation of critical priority pathogens and has been evidenced to suppress the expression and biological activity of multiple virulence factors in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Finally, the combination of GaCHP phototreatment and antibiotics resulted in promising strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance of the studied microbes and to enhance disinfection of drug resistant pathogens. CONCLUSION Lastly, considering high safety aspects of the proposed treatment toward host cells, i.e., lack of mutagenicity, no dark toxicity and mild phototoxicity, we describe an efficient alternative that simultaneously suppresses the functionality of multiple virulence factors in ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymczak
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Woźniak-Pawlikowska
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Burzyńska
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Król
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Joanna Nakonieczna
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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Abdelshafy AM, Neetoo H, Al-Asmari F. Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrogen Peroxide for Application in Food Safety and COVID-19 Mitigation: An Updated Review. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100306. [PMID: 38796115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a well-known agent with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It is a colorless liquid and commercially available in aqueous solution over a wide concentration range. It has been extensively used in the food industry by virtue of its strong oxidizing property and its ability to cause cellular oxidative damage in microbial cells. This review comprehensively documents recent research on the antimicrobial activity of H2O2 against organisms of concern for the food industry, as well as its effect against SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, factors affecting the antimicrobial effectiveness of H2O2, different applications of H2O2 as a sanitizer or disinfectant in the food industry as well as safety concerns associated with H2O2 are discussed. Finally, recent efforts in enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of H2O2 are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem M Abdelshafy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University - Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Hudaa Neetoo
- Agricultural and Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
| | - Fahad Al-Asmari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Liu X, Wang D, Qi X, Gu Y, Huang X, Liang P. Propionate outperforms conventional acetate as electron donors for highly-sensitive electrochemical active biofilm sensors in water biotoxicity early-warning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119127. [PMID: 38750998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
With the ability to generate in situ real-time electric signals, electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) sensors have attracted wide attention as a promising water biotoxicity early-warning device. Organic matters serving as the electron donors potentially affect the electric signal's output and the sensitivity of the EAB sensor. To explore the influence of organic matters on EAB sensor's performance, this study tested six different organic matters during the sensor's inoculation. Besides the acetate, a conventional and widely used organic matter, propionate and lactate were also found capable of starting up the sensor. Moreover, the propionate-fed (PF) sensor delivered the highest sensitivity, which are respectively 1.4 times and 2.8 times of acetate-fed (AF) sensor and lactate-fed (LF) sensor. Further analysis revealed that EAB of PF sensor had more vulnerable intracellular metabolism than the others, which manifested as the most severe energy metabolic suppression and reactive oxygen species attack. Regarding the microbial function, a two-component system that was deemed as an environment awareness system was found in the EAB of PF, which also contributed to its high sensitivity. Finally, PF sensor was tested in real water environment to deliver early-warning signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yuyi Gu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Lv L, Li S, Kang J, Li Y, Zhao N, Ye D, Qin F, Sun J, Yu T, Wu H. Inhibition of ABI2 ubiquitination-dependent degradation suppresses TNBC cell growth via down-regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:222. [PMID: 38937761 PMCID: PMC11212232 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that lacks receptor expression and has complex molecular mechanisms. Recent evidence shows that the ubiquitin-protease system is closely related to TNBC. In this study, we obtain a key ubiquitination regulatory substrate-ABI2 protein by bioinformatics methods, which is also closely related to the survival and prognosis of TNBC. Further, through a series of experiments, we demonstrated that ABI2 expressed at a low level in TNBC tumors, and it has the ability to control cell cycle and inhibit TNBC cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Molecular mechanism studies proved E3 ligase CBLC could increase the ubiquitination degradation of ABI2 protein. Meanwhile, RNA-seq and IP experiments indicated that ABI2, acting as a crucial factor of tumor suppression, can significantly inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via the interaction with Rho GTPase RAC1. Finally, based on TNBC drug target ABI2, we screened and found that FDA-approved drug Colistimethate sodium(CS) has significant potential in suppressing the proliferation of TNBC cells and inducing cell apoptosis, making it a promising candidate for impeding the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lv
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China
| | - Jie Kang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China
| | - Yulin Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Dongman Ye
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Fengying Qin
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China.
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10
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Zhang JY, Meng X, Zhu XL, Peng SR, Li HB, Mo HZ, Hu LB. Thymol Induces Fenton-Reaction-Dependent Ferroptosis in Vibrio parahemolyticus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14337-14348. [PMID: 38867141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Thymol has efficient bactericidal activity against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, but the bactericidal mechanism against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) has rarely been reported. In the current study, we investigated the bactericidal mechanism of thymol against V. parahemolyticus. The Results revealed that 150 μg/mL of thymol had 99.9% bactericidal activity on V. parahemolyticus. Intracellular bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA breakage were checked by cell staining. The exogenous addition of H2O2 and catalase promoted and alleviated thymol-induced cell death to a certain extent, respectively, and the addition of the ferroptosis inhibitor Liproxstatin-1 also alleviated thymol-induced cell death, confirming that thymol induced Fenton-reaction-dependent ferroptosis in V. parahemolyticus. Proteomic analysis revealed that relevant proteins involved in ROS production, lipid peroxidation accumulation, and DNA repair were significantly upregulated after thymol treatment. Molecular docking revealed two potential binding sites (amino acids 46H and 42F) between thymol and ferritin, and thymol could promote the release of Fe2+ from ferritin proteins through in vitro interactions analyzed. Therefore, we hypothesized that ferritin as a potential target may mediate thymol-induced ferroptosis in V. parahemolyticus. This study provides new ideas for the development of natural inhibitors for controlling V. parahemolyticus in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Meng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu-Rui Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang-Bin Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Dingwall CB, Sasaki Y, Strickland A, Summers DW, Bloom AJ, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. Suppressing phagocyte activation by overexpressing the phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12 preserves sarmopathic nerves. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599919. [PMID: 38979309 PMCID: PMC11230269 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Programmed axon degeneration (AxD) is a key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of AxD, preventing it from initiating the rapid local NAD+ depletion and metabolic catastrophe that precipitates axon destruction. Because these components of the AxD pathway act within neurons, it was also assumed that the timetable of AxD was set strictly by a cell-intrinsic mechanism independent of neuron-extrinsic processes later activated by axon fragmentation. However, using a rare human disease model of neuropathy caused by hypomorphic NMNAT2 mutations and chronic SARM1 activation (sarmopathy), we demonstrated that neuronal SARM1 can initiate macrophage-mediated axon elimination long before stressed-but-viable axons would otherwise succumb to cell-intrinsic metabolic failure. Investigating potential SARM1-dependent signals that mediate macrophage recognition and/or engulfment of stressed-but-viable axons, we found that chronic SARM1 activation triggers axonal blebbing and dysregulation of phosphatidylserine (PS), a potent phagocyte immunomodulatory molecule. Neuronal expression of the phosphatidylserine lipase ABDH12 suppresses nerve macrophage activation, preserves motor axon integrity, and rescues motor function in this chronic sarmopathy model. We conclude that PS dysregulation is an early SARM1-dependent axonal stress signal, and that blockade of phagocytic recognition and engulfment of stressed-but-viable axons could be an attractive therapeutic target for management of neurological disorders involving SARM1 activation.
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12
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Bhattacharyya S, Lopez S, Singh A, Harshey RM. Flagellar Motility is Mutagenic. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600093. [PMID: 38948722 PMCID: PMC11213011 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Flagella are highly complex rotary molecular machines that enable bacteria to not only migrate to optimal environments but to also promote range expansion, competitiveness, virulence, and antibiotic survival. Flagellar motility is an energy-demanding process, where the sum of its production (biosynthesis) and operation (rotation) costs has been estimated to total ~10% of the entire energy budget of an E. coli cell. The acquisition of such a costly adaptation process is expected to secure short-term benefits by increasing competitiveness and survival, as well as long-term evolutionary fitness gains. While the role of flagellar motility in bacterial survival has been widely reported, its direct influence on the rate of evolution remains unclear. We show here that both production and operation costs contribute to elevated mutation frequencies. Our findings suggest that flagellar movement may be an important player in tuning the rate of bacterial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712
| | - Shelby Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Rasika M. Harshey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712
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13
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Perez-Gil J, Behrendorff J, Douw A, Vickers CE. The methylerythritol phosphate pathway as an oxidative stress sense and response system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5303. [PMID: 38906898 PMCID: PMC11192765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for biosynthesis of the precursors of isoprenoid compounds in eubacteria and plastids. It is a metabolic alternative to the well-known mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid production found in archaea and eukaryotes. Recently, a role for the MEP pathway in oxidative stress detection, signalling, and response has been identified. This role is executed in part through the unusual cyclic intermediate, methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcDP). We postulate that this response is triggered through the oxygen sensitivity of the MEP pathway's terminal iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster enzymes. MEcDP is the substrate of IspG, the first Fe-S cluster enzyme in the pathway; it accumulates under oxidative stress conditions and acts as a signalling molecule. It may also act as an antioxidant. Furthermore, evidence is emerging for a broader and highly nuanced role of the MEP pathway in oxidative stress responses, implemented through a complex system of differential regulation and sensitivity at numerous nodes in the pathway. Here, we explore the evidence for such a role (including the contribution of the Fe-S cluster enzymes and different pathway metabolites, especially MEcDP), the evolutionary implications, and the many questions remaining about the behaviour of the MEP pathway in the presence of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Perez-Gil
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - James Behrendorff
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Andrew Douw
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
- BioBuilt Solutions, Corinda, QLD, 4075, Australia.
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14
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Wang H, Hu C, Li Y, Shen Y, Guo J, Shi B, Alvarez PJJ, Yu P. Nano-sized polystyrene and magnetite collectively promote biofilm stability and resistance due to enhanced oxidative stress response. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134974. [PMID: 38905973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing prevalence of nanoplastics in drinking water distribution systems, the collective influence of nanoplastics and background nanoparticles on biofilm formation and microbial risks remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that nano-sized polystyrene modified with carboxyl groups (nPS) and background magnetite (nFe3O4) nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations can collectively stimulate biofilm formation and prompt antibiotic resistance. Combined exposure of nPS and nFe3O4 by P. aeruginosa biofilm cells stimulated intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) production more significantly compared with individual exposure. The resultant upregulation of quorum sensing (QS) and c-di-GMP signaling pathways enhanced the biosynthesis of polysaccharides by 50 %- 66 % and increased biofilm biomass by 36 %- 40 % relative to unexposed control. Consistently, biofilm mechanical stability (measured as Young's modulus) increased by 7.2-9.1 folds, and chemical stress resistance (measured with chlorine disinfection) increased by 1.4-2.0 folds. For P. aeruginosa, the minimal inhibitory concentration of different antibiotics also increased by 1.1-2.5 folds after combined exposure. Moreover, at a microbial community-wide level, metagenomic analysis revealed that the combined exposure enhanced the multi-species biofilm's resistance to chlorine, enriched the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, and promoted their virulence and antibiotic resistance. Overall, the enhanced formation of biofilms (that may harbor opportunistic pathogens) by nanoplastics and background nanoparticles is an overlooked phenomenon, which may jeopardize the microbial safety of drinking water distribution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chisheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yukang Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Korshunov S, Imlay JA. Antioxidants are ineffective at quenching reactive oxygen species inside bacteria and should not be used to diagnose oxidative stress. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38889382 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of stresses have been proposed to exert killing effects upon bacteria by stimulating the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A key part of the supporting evidence has often been the ability of antioxidant compounds to protect the cells. In this study, some of the most-used antioxidants-thiourea, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, and ascorbate-have been examined. Their ability to quench superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was verified in vitro, but the rate constants were orders of magnitude too slow for them to have an impact upon superoxide and peroxide concentrations in vivo, where these species are already scavenged by highly active enzymes. Indeed, the antioxidants were unable to protect the growth and ROS-sensitive enzymes of E. coli strains experiencing authentic oxidative stress. Similar logic posits that antioxidants cannot substantially quench hydroxyl radicals inside cells, which contain abundant biomolecules that react with them at diffusion-limited rates. Indeed, antioxidants were able to protect cells from DNA damage only if they were applied at concentrations that slow metabolism and growth. This protective effect was apparent even under anoxic conditions, when ROS could not possibly be involved, and it was replicated when growth was similarly slowed by other means. Experimenters should discard the use of antioxidants as a way of detecting intracellular oxidative stress and should revisit conclusions that have been based upon such experiments. The notable exception is that these compounds can effectively degrade hydrogen peroxide from environmental sources before it enters cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korshunov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - James A Imlay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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16
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Shi L, Derouiche A, Pandit S, Alazmi M, Ventroux M, Køhler JB, Noirot-Gros MF, Gao X, Mijakovic I. Connection between protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition and coping with oxidative stress in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321890121. [PMID: 38857388 PMCID: PMC11194573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321890121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, attenuation of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation occurs during oxidative stress. The main described mechanism behind this effect is the H2O2-triggered conversion of bacterial phospho-tyrosines to protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. This disrupts the bacterial tyrosine phosphorylation-based signaling network, which alters the bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis. Herein, we report an alternative mechanism, in which oxidative stress leads to a direct inhibition of bacterial protein-tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases). We show that DefA, a minor peptide deformylase, inhibits the activity of BY-kinase PtkA when Bacillus subtilis is exposed to oxidative stress. High levels of PtkA activity are known to destabilize B. subtilis pellicle formation, which leads to higher sensitivity to oxidative stress. Interaction with DefA inhibits both PtkA autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of its substrate Ugd, which is involved in exopolysaccharide formation. Inactivation of defA drastically reduces the capacity of B. subtilis to cope with oxidative stress, but it does not affect the major oxidative stress regulons PerR, OhrR, and Spx, indicating that PtkA inhibition is the main pathway for DefA involvement in this stress response. Structural analysis identified DefA residues Asn95, Tyr150, and Glu152 as essential for interaction with PtkA. Inhibition of PtkA depends also on the presence of a C-terminal α-helix of DefA, which resembles PtkA-interacting motifs from known PtkA activators, TkmA, SalA, and MinD. Loss of either the key interacting residues or the inhibitory helix of DefA abolishes inhibition of PtkA in vitro and impairs postoxidative stress recovery in vivo, confirming the involvement of these structural features in the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Abderahmane Derouiche
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-412 96, Sweden
- Computational Bioscience Research Center Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha'il, HailHa’il81411, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magali Ventroux
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas78352, France
| | - Julie Bonne Køhler
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Biosustain, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, LyngbyDK-2800, Denmark
| | | | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-412 96, Sweden
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Biosustain, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, LyngbyDK-2800, Denmark
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17
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de Oliveira Mallia J, Griffin S, Buttigieg C, Gatt R. A rapid prototyped atmospheric non-thermal plasma-activated aerosol device and anti-bacterial characterisation. Front Chem 2024; 12:1416982. [PMID: 38947958 PMCID: PMC11211520 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1416982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-plasma technologies are being extensively investigated for their potential to mitigate microbial growth through the production of various reactive species. Predominantly, studies utilise atmospheric non-thermal plasma to produce plasma-activated liquids. The advancement of plasma-liquid applications has led to the investigation of plasma-activated aerosols (PAAs). This study aimed to produce a rapid-prototyped plasma-activated aerosol setup and perform chemical and anti-bacterial characterisation on the resultant activated aerosols. The setup was produced using stereolithography 3D printing, and air was used as the carrier gas. The novel design of the device allowed for the direct production of PAAs without the prior generation of plasma-activated water and subsequent aerosolisation. The generated PAAs were assessed for nitrite, hydrogen peroxide and ozone content using colourimetric assays. Anti-bacterial efficacy was tested against three human pathogenic strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. It was observed that nitrite and ozone contact concentration increased with exposure time, yet no hydrogen peroxide was detected. The generated PAAs showed significant zones of no growth for all bacterial strains. These devices, therefore, show potential to be used as anti-bacterial disinfection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson de Oliveira Mallia
- Metamaterials Unit, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Sholeem Griffin
- Metamaterials Unit, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Ruben Gatt
- Metamaterials Unit, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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18
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Pal S, Yuvaraj R, Krishnan H, Venkatraman B, Abraham J, Gopinathan A. Unraveling radiation resistance strategies in two bacterial strains from the high background radiation area of Chavara-Neendakara: A comprehensive whole genome analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304810. [PMID: 38857267 PMCID: PMC11164402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of gamma irradiation experiments and whole genome sequencing (WGS) performed on vegetative cells of two radiation resistant bacterial strains, Metabacillus halosaccharovorans (VITHBRA001) and Bacillus paralicheniformis (VITHBRA024) (D10 values 2.32 kGy and 1.42 kGy, respectively), inhabiting the top-ranking high background radiation area (HBRA) of Chavara-Neendakara placer deposit (Kerala, India). The present investigation has been carried out in the context that information on strategies of bacteria having mid-range resistance for gamma radiation is inadequate. WGS, annotation, COG and KEGG analyses and manual curation of genes helped us address the possible pathways involved in the major domains of radiation resistance, involving recombination repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair, and the antioxidant genes, which the candidate could activate to survive under ionizing radiation. Additionally, with the help of these data, we could compare the candidate strains with that of the extremely radiation resistant model bacterium Deinococccus radiodurans, so as to find the commonalities existing in their strategies of resistance on the one hand, and also the rationale behind the difference in D10, on the other. Genomic analysis of VITHBRA001 and VITHBRA024 has further helped us ascertain the difference in capability of radiation resistance between the two strains. Significantly, the genes such as uvsE (NER), frnE (protein protection), ppk1 and ppx (non-enzymatic metabolite production) and those for carotenoid biosynthesis, are endogenous to VITHBRA001, but absent in VITHBRA024, which could explain the former's better radiation resistance. Further, this is the first-time study performed on any bacterial population inhabiting an HBRA. This study also brings forward the two species whose radiation resistance has not been reported thus far, and add to the knowledge on radiation resistant capabilities of the phylum Firmicutes which are abundantly observed in extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowptika Pal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramani Yuvaraj
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hari Krishnan
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatraman
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayanthi Abraham
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anilkumar Gopinathan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Ali T, Li D, Ponnamperumage TNF, Peterson AK, Pandey J, Fatima K, Brzezinski J, Jakusz JAR, Gao H, Koelsch GE, Murugan DS, Peng X. Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cancer Cells: Advancing Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2171. [PMID: 38927877 PMCID: PMC11201821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells show altered antioxidant defense systems, dysregulated redox signaling, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Targeting cancer cells through ROS-mediated mechanisms has emerged as a significant therapeutic strategy due to its implications in cancer progression, survival, and resistance. Extensive research has focused on selective generation of H2O2 in cancer cells for selective cancer cell killing by employing various strategies such as metal-based prodrugs, photodynamic therapy, enzyme-based systems, nano-particle mediated approaches, chemical modulators, and combination therapies. Many of these H2O2-amplifying approaches have demonstrated promising anticancer effects and selectivity in preclinical investigations. They selectively induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells while sparing normal cells, sensitize resistant cells, and modulate the tumor microenvironment. However, challenges remain in achieving selectivity, addressing tumor heterogeneity, ensuring efficient delivery, and managing safety and toxicity. To address those issues, H2O2-generating agents have been combined with other treatments leading to optimized combination therapies. This review focuses on various chemical agents/approaches that kill cancer cells via H2O2-mediated mechanisms. Different categories of compounds that selectively generate H2O2 in cancer cells are summarized, their underlying mechanisms and function are elucidated, preclinical and clinical studies as well as recent advancements are discussed, and their prospects as targeted therapeutic agents and their therapeutic utility in combination with other treatments are explored. By understanding the potential of these compounds, researchers can pave the way for the development of effective and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; (T.A.); (D.L.); (T.N.F.P.); (A.K.P.); (J.P.); (K.F.); (J.B.); (J.A.R.J.); (H.G.); (G.E.K.); (D.S.M.)
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20
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Zhang M, Song H, Yang S, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Liu D. Deciphering the Antibacterial Mechanisms of 5-Fluorouracil in Escherichia coli through Biochemical and Transcriptomic Analyses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:528. [PMID: 38927194 PMCID: PMC11200800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens presents a clinical challenge in infection treatment, prompting the repurposing of existing drugs as an essential strategy to address this crisis. Although the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been recognized for its antibacterial properties, its mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5-FU against Escherichia coli was 32-64 µg/mL, including strains carrying blaNDM-5, which confers resistance to carbapenems. We further elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of 5-FU against E. coli by using genetic and biochemical analyses. We revealed that the mutation of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase-encoding gene upp increased the MIC of 5-FU against E. coli by 32-fold, indicating the role of the upp gene in 5-FU resistance. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of E. coli treated with 5-FU at 8 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL identified 602 and 1082 differentially expressed genes involved in carbon and nucleic acid metabolism, DNA replication, and repair pathways. The biochemical assays showed that 5-FU induced bacterial DNA damage, significantly increased intracellular ATP levels and the NAD+/NADH ratio, and promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings suggested that 5-FU may exert antibacterial effects on E. coli through multiple pathways, laying the groundwork for its further development as a therapeutic candidate against carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huangwei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China;
| | - Siyuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunrui Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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21
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Yu Q, Wang C, Zhang X, Chen H, Wu MX, Lu M. Photochemical Strategies toward Precision Targeting against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14085-14122. [PMID: 38775446 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose a serious threat and a substantial economic burden on global human and public health security, especially with the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in clinical settings. In response to this urgent need, various photobased anti-infectious therapies have been reported lately. This Review explores and discusses several photochemical targeted antibacterial therapeutic strategies for addressing bacterial infections regardless of their antibiotic susceptibility. In contrast to conventional photobased therapies, these approaches facilitate precise targeting of pathogenic bacteria and/or infectious microenvironments, effectively minimizing toxicity to mammalian cells and surrounding healthy tissues. The highlighted therapies include photodynamic therapy, photocatalytic therapy, photothermal therapy, endogenous pigments-based photobleaching therapy, and polyphenols-based photo-oxidation therapy. This comprehensive exploration aims to offer updated information to facilitate the development of effective, convenient, safe, and alternative strategies to counter the growing threat of MDR bacteria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Haoyi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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22
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Khan A, Liu G, Zhang G, Li X. Radiation-resistant bacteria in desiccated soil and their potentiality in applied sciences. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348758. [PMID: 38894973 PMCID: PMC11184166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A rich diversity of radiation-resistant (Rr) and desiccation-resistant (Dr) bacteria has been found in arid habitats of the world. Evidence from scientific research has linked their origin to reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates. Rr and Dr. bacteria of arid regions have the potential to regulate imbalance radicals and evade a higher dose of radiation and oxidation than bacterial species of non-arid regions. Photochemical-activated ROS in Rr bacteria is run through photo-induction of electron transfer. A hypothetical model of the biogeochemical cycle based on solar radiation and desiccation. These selective stresses generate oxidative radicals for a short span with strong reactivity and toxic effects. Desert-inhibiting Rr bacteria efficiently evade ROS toxicity with an evolved antioxidant system and other defensive pathways. The imbalanced radicals in physiological disorders, cancer, and lung diseases could be neutralized by a self-sustaining evolved Rr bacteria antioxidant system. The direct link of evolved antioxidant system with intermediate ROS and indirect influence of radiation and desiccation provide useful insight into richness, ecological diversity, and origin of Rr bacteria capabilities. The distinguishing features of Rr bacteria in deserts present a fertile research area with promising applications in the pharmaceutical industry, genetic engineering, biological therapy, biological transformation, bioremediation, industrial biotechnology, and astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Se J, Xie Y, Ma Q, Zhu L, Fu Y, Xu X, Shen C, Nannipieri P. Drying-wetting cycle enhances stress resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a model soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123988. [PMID: 38648967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in farms are often triggered by heavy rains and flooding. Most cells die with the decreasing of soil moisture, while few cells enter a dormant state and then resuscitate after rewetting. The resistance of dormant cells to stress has been extensively studied, whereas the molecular mechanisms of the cross-resistance development of the resuscitated cells are poorly known. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis on O157:H7 before and after undergoing soil dry-wet alternation. A differential expression of 820 proteins was identified in resuscitated cells compared to exponential-phase cells, as determined by proteomics analysis. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that up-regulated proteins were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, ribosome activity, and transmembrane transporters, indicating increased energy production and protein synthesis in resuscitated O157:H7. Moreover, proteins related to acid, osmotic, heat, oxidative, antibiotic stress and horizontal gene transfer efficiency were up-regulated, suggesting a potential improvement in stress resistance. Subsequent validation experiments demonstrated that the survival rates of the resuscitated cells were 476.54 and 7786.34 times higher than the exponential-phase cells, with pH levels of 1.5 and 2.5, respectively. Similarly, resuscitated cells showed higher survival rates under osmotic stress, with 7.5%, 15%, and 30% NaCl resulting in survival rates that were 460.58, 1974.55, and 3475.31 times higher. Resuscitated cells also exhibited increased resistance to heat stress, with survival rates 69.64 and 139.72 times higher at 55 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) efficiency of resuscitated cells was significantly higher (153.12-fold) compared to exponential phase cells. This study provides new insights into bacteria behavior under changing soil moisture and this may explain O157:H7 outbreaks following rainfall and flooding, as the dry-wet cycle promotes stress cross-resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Se
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinan Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Paolo Nannipieri
- Emeritus Professor, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50144, Italy
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24
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Wu J, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Li X, Wang X, Jiang S, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang X. Transcriptomic analysis of induced resistance to polymyxin in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolate carrying mcr-9. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:225-232. [PMID: 38750896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymyxins are currently the last-resort treatment against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, but plasmid-mediated mobile polymyxin resistance genes (mcr) threaten its efficacy, especially in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CRECC). The objective of this study was to provide insights into the mechanism of polymyxin-induced bacterial resistance and the effect of overexpression of mcr-9. METHODS The clinical strain CRECC414 carrying the mcr-9 gene was treated with a gradient concentration of polymyxin. Subsequently, the broth microdilution was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and RT-qPCR was utilized to assess mcr-9 expression. Transcriptome sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to identify alterations in strains resulting from increased polymyxin resistance, and significant transcriptomic differences were analysed alongside a comprehensive examination of metabolic networks at the genomic level. RESULTS Polymyxin treatment induced the upregulation of mcr-9 expression and significantly elevated the MIC of the strain. Furthermore, the WGS and transcriptomic results revealed a remarkable up-regulation of arnBCADTEF gene cassette, indicating that the Arn/PhoPQ system-mediated L-Ara4N modification is the preferred mechanism for achieving high levels of resistance. Additionally, significant alterations in bacterial gene expression were observed with regards to multidrug efflux pumps, oxidative stress and repair mechanisms, cell membrane biosynthesis, as well as carbohydrate metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Polymyxin greatly disrupts the transcription of vital cellular pathways. A complete PhoPQ two-component system is a prerequisite for polymyxin resistance of Enterobacter cloacae, even though mcr-9 is highly expressed. These findings provide novel and important information for further investigation of polymyxin resistance of CRECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Lind DJ, Naidoo KC, Tomalin LE, Rohwer JM, Veal EA, Pillay CS. Quantifying redox transcription factor dynamics as a tool to investigate redox signalling. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:16-25. [PMID: 38574974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A critical feature of the cellular antioxidant response is the induction of gene expression by redox-sensitive transcription factors. In many cells, activating these transcription factors is a dynamic process involving multiple redox steps, but it is unclear how these dynamics should be measured. Here, we show how the dynamic profile of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pap1 transcription factor is quantifiable by three parameters: signal amplitude, signal time and signal duration. In response to increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations, the Pap1 amplitude decreased while the signal time and duration showed saturable increases. In co-response plots, these parameters showed a complex, non-linear relationship to the mRNA levels of four Pap1-regulated genes. We also demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide trigger quantifiably distinct Pap1 activation profiles and transcriptional responses. Based on these findings, we propose that different oxidants and oxidant concentrations modulate the Pap1 dynamic profile, leading to specific transcriptional responses. We further show how the effect of combination and pre-exposure stresses on Pap1 activation dynamics can be quantified using this approach. This method is therefore a valuable addition to the redox signalling toolbox that may illuminate the role of dynamics in determining appropriate responses to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Lind
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Kelisa C Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Lewis E Tomalin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johann M Rohwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ché S Pillay
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.
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26
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Numata Y, Kikuchi Y, Sato T, Okamoto-Shibayama K, Ando Y, Miyai-Murai Y, Kokubu E, Ishihara K. Novel transcriptional regulator OxtR1 regulates potential ferrodoxin in response to oxygen stress in Treponema denticola. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102852. [PMID: 38614291 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treponema denticola has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Previously, we reported that the potential transcriptional regulator TDE_0259 (oxtR1) is upregulated in the bacteriocin ABC transporter gene-deficient mutant. OxtR1 may regulate genes to adapt to environmental conditions during colonization; however, the exact role of the gene in T. denticola has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated its function using an oxtR1-deficient mutant. METHODS The growth rates of the wild-type and oxtR1 mutant were monitored under anaerobic conditions; their antibacterial agent susceptibility and gene expression were assessed using a liquid dilution assay and DNA microarray, respectively. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to investigate the binding of OxtR1 to promoter regions. RESULTS The growth rate of the bacterium was accelerated by the inactivation of oxtR1, and the mutant exhibited an increased minimum inhibitory concentration against ofloxacin. We observed a relative increase in the expression of genes associated with potential ferrodoxin (TDE_0260), flavodoxin, ABC transporters, heat-shock proteins, DNA helicase, iron compounds, and lipoproteins in the mutant. OxtR1 expression increased upon oxygen exposure, and oxtR1 complementation suppressed the expression of potential ferrodoxin. Our findings also suggested that OxtR1 binds to a potential promoter region of the TDE_0259-260 operon. Moreover, the mutant showed a marginal yet significantly faster growth rate than the wild-type strain under H2O2 exposure. CONCLUSION The oxygen-sensing regulator OxtR1 plays a role in regulating the expression of a potential ferrodoxin, which may contribute to the response of T. denticola to oxygen-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Numata
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuko Okamoto-Shibayama
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yutaro Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyai-Murai
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
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27
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Ević V, Rokov-Plavec J. Interplay between mistranslation and oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:147-154. [PMID: 38963138 PMCID: PMC11223507 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mistakes in translation are mostly associated with toxic effects in the cell due to the production of functionally aberrant and misfolded proteins. However, under certain circumstances mistranslation can have beneficial effects and enable cells to preadapt to other stress conditions. Mistranslation may be caused by mistakes made by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, essential enzymes that link amino acids to cognate tRNAs. There is an Escherichia coli strain expressing isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase mutant variant with inactivated editing domain which produces mistranslated proteomes where valine (Val) and norvaline (Nva) are misincorporated into proteins instead of isoleucine. We compared this strain with the wild-type to determine the effects of such mistranslation on bacterial growth in oxidative stress conditions. When the cells were pre-incubated with 0.75 mmol/L Nva or 1.5 mmol/L Val or Nva and exposed to hydrogen peroxide, no beneficial effect of mistranslation was observed. However, when the editing-deficient strain was cultivated in medium supplemented with 0.75 mmol/L Val up to the early or mid-exponential phase of growth and then exposed to oxidative stress, it slightly outgrew the wild-type grown in the same conditions. Our results therefore show a modest adaptive effect of isoleucine mistranslation on bacterial growth in oxidative stress, but only in specific conditions. This points to a delicate balance between deleterious and beneficial effects of mistranslation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ević
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Rokov-Plavec
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Liu H, Chu F, Wu Y, Gu X, Ran T, Wang W, Xu D. Reduced OxyR positively regulates the prodigiosin biosynthesis in Serratia marcescens FS14. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149877. [PMID: 38581956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OxyR, a LysR family transcriptional regulator, plays vital roles in bacterial oxidative stress response. In this study, we found that the deletion of oxyR not only inhibited the antioxidant capacity of S. marcescens FS14, but also decreased the production of prodigiosin. Further study revealed that OxyR activated the prodigiosin biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. Complementary results showed that not only the wild-type OxyR but also the reduced form OxyRC199S could activate the prodigiosin biosynthesis. We further demonstrated that reduced form of wild type OxyR could bind to the promoter of pig gene cluster, and identified the binding sites which is different from oxidized OxyR binding sites in E. coli. Our results demonstrated that OxyR in FS14 uses oxidized form to regulate the expression of the antioxidant related genes and utilizes reduced form to activate prodigiosin production. Further in silico analysis suggested that the activation of prodigiosin biosynthesis by reduced OxyR should be general in S. marcesencs. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that OxyR uses the reduced form to activate the gene's expression, therefore, our results provide a novel regulation mechanism of OxyR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenglian Chu
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Gu
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ran
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwu Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dongqing Xu
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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29
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Rajacharya GH, Sharma A, Yazdani SS. Proteomics and metabolic burden analysis to understand the impact of recombinant protein production in E. coli. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12271. [PMID: 38806637 PMCID: PMC11133349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of recombinant protein production (RPP) on host cells and the metabolic burden associated with it undermine the efficiency of the production system. This study utilized proteomics to investigate the dynamics of parent and recombinant cells induced at different time points for RPP. The results revealed significant changes in both transcriptional and translational machinery that may have impacted the metabolic burden, growth rate of the culture and the RPP. The timing of protein synthesis induction also played a critical role in the fate of the recombinant protein within the host cell, affecting protein and product yield. The study identified significant differences in the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis pathways between two E. coli host strains (M15 and DH5⍺), with the E. coli M15 strain demonstrating superior expression characteristics for the recombinant protein. Overall, these findings contribute to the knowledge base for rational strain engineering for optimized recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish H Rajacharya
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Research (SIRe), Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Sharma
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Shams Yazdani
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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30
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Sharma A, Shuppara AM, Padron GC, Sanfilippo JE. Combining multiple stressors unexpectedly blocks bacterial migration and growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.595753. [PMID: 38853869 PMCID: PMC11160647 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.595753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In nature, organisms experience combinations of stressors. However, laboratory studies typically simplify reality and focus on the effects of an individual stressor. Here, we use a microfluidic approach to simultaneously provide a physical stressor (shear flow) and a chemical stressor (H 2 O 2 ) to the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . By treating cells with levels of flow and H 2 O 2 that commonly co-occur in nature, we discover that previous reports significantly overestimate the H 2 O 2 levels required to block bacterial growth. Specifically, we establish that flow increases H 2 O 2 effectiveness 50-fold, explaining why previous studies lacking flow required much higher concentrations. Using natural H 2 O 2 levels, we identify the core H 2 O 2 regulon, characterize OxyR-mediated dynamic regulation, and dissect the redundant roles of multiple H 2 O 2 scavenging systems. By examining single-cell behavior, we serendipitously discover that the combined effects of H 2 O 2 and flow block pilus-driven surface migration. Thus, our results counter previous studies and reveal that natural levels of H 2 O 2 and flow synergize to restrict bacterial colonization and survival. By studying two stressors at once, our research highlights the limitations of oversimplifying nature and demonstrates that physical and chemical stress can combine to yield unpredictable effects.
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31
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Eren E, Watts NR, Montecinos F, Wingfield PT. Encapsulated Ferritin-like Proteins: A Structural Perspective. Biomolecules 2024; 14:624. [PMID: 38927029 PMCID: PMC11202242 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Encapsulins are self-assembling nano-compartments that naturally occur in bacteria and archaea. These nano-compartments encapsulate cargo proteins that bind to the shell's interior through specific recognition sequences and perform various metabolic processes. Encapsulation enables organisms to perform chemical reactions without exposing the rest of the cell to potentially harmful substances while shielding cargo molecules from degradation and other adverse effects of the surrounding environment. One particular type of cargo protein, the ferritin-like protein (FLP), is the focus of this review. Encapsulated FLPs are members of the ferritin-like protein superfamily, and they play a crucial role in converting ferrous iron (Fe+2) to ferric iron (Fe+3), which is then stored inside the encapsulin in mineralized form. As such, FLPs regulate iron homeostasis and protect organisms against oxidative stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that FLPs have tremendous potential as biosensors and bioreactors because of their ability to catalyze the oxidation of ferrous iron with high specificity and efficiency. Moreover, they have been investigated as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer drug development and bacterial pathogenesis. Further research will likely lead to new insights and applications for these remarkable proteins in biomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul T. Wingfield
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Rohaun SK, Sethu R, Imlay JA. Microbes vary strategically in their metalation of mononuclear enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401738121. [PMID: 38743623 PMCID: PMC11127058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401738121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have determined that nonredox enzymes that are cofactored with Fe(II) are the most oxidant-sensitive targets inside Escherichia coli. These enzymes use Fe(II) cofactors to bind and activate substrates. Because of their solvent exposure, the metal can be accessed and oxidized by reactive oxygen species, thereby inactivating the enzyme. Because these enzymes participate in key physiological processes, the consequences of stress can be severe. Accordingly, when E. coli senses elevated levels of H2O2, it induces both a miniferritin and a manganese importer, enabling the replacement of the iron atom in these enzymes with manganese. Manganese does not react with H2O2 and thereby preserves enzyme activity. In this study, we examined several diverse microbes to identify the metal that they customarily integrate into ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase, a representative of this enzyme family. The anaerobe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, like E. coli, uses iron. In contrast, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis use manganese, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses zinc. The latter organisms are therefore well suited to the oxidizing environments in which they dwell. Similar results were obtained with peptide deformylase, another essential enzyme of the mononuclear class. Strikingly, heterologous expression experiments show that it is the metal pool within the organism, rather than features of the protein itself, that determine which metal is incorporated. Further, regardless of the source organism, each enzyme exhibits highest turnover with iron and lowest turnover with zinc. We infer that the intrinsic catalytic properties of the metal cannot easily be retuned by evolution of the polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A. Imlay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
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Utzman PH, Mays VP, Miller BC, Fairbanks MC, Brazelton WJ, Horvath MP. Metagenome mining and functional analysis reveal oxidized guanine DNA repair at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0284642. [PMID: 38718041 PMCID: PMC11078426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The GO DNA repair system protects against GC → TA mutations by finding and removing oxidized guanine. The system is mechanistically well understood but its origins are unknown. We searched metagenomes and abundantly found the genes encoding GO DNA repair at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field (LCHF). We recombinantly expressed the final enzyme in the system to show MutY homologs function to suppress mutations. Microbes at the LCHF thrive without sunlight, fueled by the products of geochemical transformations of seafloor rocks, under conditions believed to resemble a young Earth. High levels of the reductant H2 and low levels of O2 in this environment raise the question, why are resident microbes equipped to repair damage caused by oxidative stress? MutY genes could be assigned to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and thereby associate GO DNA repair with metabolic pathways that generate reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species. Our results indicate that cell-based life was under evolutionary pressure to cope with oxidized guanine well before O2 levels rose following the great oxidation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton H. Utzman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Vincent P. Mays
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Briggs C. Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Fairbanks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - William J. Brazelton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Martin P. Horvath
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Zheng Y, Cai Y, Sun T, Li G, An T. Response mechanisms of resistance in L-form bacteria to different target antibiotics: Implications from oxidative stress to metabolism. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108729. [PMID: 38735077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Due to the specific action on bacterial cell wall, β-lactam antibiotics have gained widespread usage as they exhibit a high degree of specificity in targeting bacteria, but causing minimal toxicity to host cells. Under antibiotic pressure, bacteria may opt to shed their cell walls and transform into L-form state as a means to evade the antibiotic effects. In this study, we explored and identified diverse optimal conditions for both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli DH5α (CTX)) and Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis ATCC6633), which were induced to L-form bacteria using lysozyme (0.5 ppm) and meropenem (64 ppm). Notably, when bacteria transformed into L-form state, both bacterial strains showed varying degrees of increased resistance to antibiotics polymyxin E, meropenem, rifampicin, and tetracycline. E. coli DH5α (CTX) exhibited the most significant enhancement in resistance to tetracycline, with a 128-fold increase, while B. subtilis ATCC6633 showed a 32-fold increase in resistance to tetracycline and polymyxin E. Furthermore, L-form bacteria maintained their normal metabolic activity, combined with enhanced oxidative stress, served as an adaptive strategy promoting the sustained survival of L-form bacteria. This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehending antibiotic resistance mechanisms, developing innovative treatment strategies, and confronting global antibiotic resistance challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Zheng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Fu L, Wang X, Chen L. Evaluation of nanoplastics-induced redox imbalance in cells, larval zebrafish, and daphnia magna with a superoxide anion radical fluorescent probe. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141829. [PMID: 38548081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) is a novel plastic contaminant that could be taken up by cells and lead to severe biotoxicity toxicity, NPs in cells can cause oxidant damage by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lead to acute inflammation. As a major ROS which related to many kinds of physiological and pathological processes, superoxide anion radical (O2•-) could be utilized as a signal of oxidant damage effected by NPs exposure in vivo. To detect the toxic damage mechanism of NPs, a fluorescence probe Bcy-OTf has been developed to monitor O2•- fluctuations content in cells and aquatic organisms after exposure to NPs. The probe has a high sensitivity (LOD = 20 nM) and a rapid responsive time (within 6 min), and it has high selectivity and low cytotoxicity to analysis the levels of the endogenous O2•-. Endogenous O2•- induced by NPs in living cells, Daphnia magna and larval zebrafish were analyzed. Moreover, the results confirmed the key role of MAPK and NF-κB pathway in NPs stimulation mechanisms in cells. This study indicated that Bcy-OTf can precisely assess the fluctuations of endogenous O2•-, which has potential for applying in further analysis mechanisms of NPs biological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Lili Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Khomyakova MA, Merkel AY, Novikov AA, Slobodkin AI. Peloplasma aerotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Anaerobic Free-Living Mollicute Isolated from a Terrestrial Mud Volcano. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:563. [PMID: 38792585 PMCID: PMC11122141 DOI: 10.3390/life14050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium (strain M4AhT) was isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano (Taman Peninsula, Russia). Cells were small, cell-wall-less, non-motile cocci, 0.32-0.65 μm in diameter. The isolate was a mesophilic, neutrophilic chemoorganoheterotroph, growing on carbohydrates (D-glucose, D-trehalose, D-ribose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-maltose, D-lactose, D-cellobiose, D-galactose, D-fructose, and D-sucrose), proteinaceous compounds (yeast extract, tryptone), and pyruvate. Strain M4AhT tolerated 2% oxygen in the gas phase, was catalase-positive, and showed sustainable growth under microaerobic conditions. The dominant cellular fatty acids of strain M4AhT were C16:0 and C18:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32.42%. The closest phylogenetic relative of strain M4AhT was Mariniplasma anaerobium from the family Acholeplasmataceae (order Acholeplasmatales, class Mollicutes). Based on the polyphasic characterization of the isolate, strain M4AhT is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Peloplasma aerotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Peloplasma aerotolerans is M4AhT (=DSM 112561T = VKM B-3485T = UQM 41475T). This is the first representative of the order Acholeplasmatales, isolated from a mud volcano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Khomyakova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y. Merkel
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei A. Novikov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin University, Leninskiy Prospect, 65/1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Slobodkin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Shen W, Downs DM. Tetrahydrofolate levels influence 2-aminoacrylate stress in Salmonella enterica. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0004224. [PMID: 38563759 PMCID: PMC11025330 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00042-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In Salmonella enterica, the absence of the RidA deaminase results in the accumulation of the reactive enamine 2-aminoacrylate (2AA). The resulting 2AA stress impacts metabolism and prevents growth in some conditions by inactivating a specific target pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme(s). The detrimental effects of 2AA stress can be overcome by changing the sensitivity of a critical target enzyme or modifying flux in one or more nodes in the metabolic network. The catabolic L-alanine racemase DadX is a target of 2AA, which explains the inability of an alr ridA strain to use L-alanine as the sole nitrogen source. Spontaneous mutations that suppressed the growth defect of the alr ridA strain were identified as lesions in folE, which encodes GTP cyclohydrolase and catalyzes the first step of tetrahydrofolate (THF) synthesis. The data here show that THF limitation resulting from a folE lesion, or inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (FolA) by trimethoprim, decreases the 2AA generated from endogenous serine. The data are consistent with an increased level of threonine, resulting from low folate levels, decreasing 2AA stress.IMPORTANCERidA is an enamine deaminase that has been characterized as preventing the 2-aminoacrylate (2AA) stress. In the absence of RidA, 2AA accumulates and damages various cellular enzymes. Much of the work describing the 2AA stress system has depended on the exogenous addition of serine to increase the production of the enamine stressor. The work herein focuses on understanding the effect of 2AA stress generated from endogenous serine pools. As such, this work describes the consequences of a subtle level of stress that nonetheless compromises growth in at least two conditions. Describing mechanisms that alter the physiological consequences of 2AA stress increases our understanding of endogenous metabolic stress and how the robustness of the metabolic network allows perturbations to be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangchen Shen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Diana M. Downs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Kleikamp HBC, Palacios PA, Kofoed MVW, Papacharalampos G, Bentien A, Nielsen JL. The Selenoproteome as a Dynamic Response Mechanism to Oxidative Stress in Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenic Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6637-6646. [PMID: 38580315 PMCID: PMC11025550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Methanogenesis is a critical process in the carbon cycle that is applied industrially in anaerobic digestion and biogas production. While naturally occurring in diverse environments, methanogenesis requires anaerobic and reduced conditions, although varying degrees of oxygen tolerance have been described. Microaeration is suggested as the next step to increase methane production and improve hydrolysis in digestion processes; therefore, a deeper understanding of the methanogenic response to oxygen stress is needed. To explore the drivers of oxygen tolerance in methanogenesis, two parallel enrichments were performed under the addition of H2/CO2 in an environment without reducing agents and in a redox-buffered environment by adding redox mediator 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate disodium. The cellular response to oxidative conditions is mapped using proteomic analysis. The resulting community showed remarkable tolerance to high-redox environments and was unperturbed in its methane production. Next to the expression of pathways to mitigate reactive oxygen species, the higher redox potential environment showed an increased presence of selenocysteine and selenium-associated pathways. By including sulfur-to-selenium mass shifts in a proteomic database search, we provide the first evidence of the dynamic and large-scale incorporation of selenocysteine as a response to oxidative stress in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and the presence of a dynamic selenoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo B. C. Kleikamp
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paola A. Palacios
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael V. W. Kofoed
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios Papacharalampos
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Bentien
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe L. Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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Nasharudin MIH, Siew SW, Ahmad HF, Mahmud N. Whole genome sequencing analysis of Komagataeibacter nataicola reveals its potential in food waste valorisation for cellulose production. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:503. [PMID: 38600404 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Komagataeibacter nataicola (K. nataicola) is a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium that produces natural bacterial cellulose (BC) as a fermentation product under acidic conditions. The goal of this work was to study the complete genome of K. nataicola and gain insight into the functional genes in K. nataicola that are responsible for BC synthesis in acidic environments. METHODS AND RESULT The pure culture of K. nataicola was obtained from yeast-glucose-calcium carbonate (YGC) agar, followed by genomic DNA extraction, and subjected to whole genome sequencing on a Nanopore flongle flow cell. The genome of K. nataicola consists of a 3,767,936 bp chromosome with six contigs and 4,557 protein coding sequences. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree and average nucleotide identity analysis confirmed that the bacterial isolate was K. nataicola. The gene annotation via RAST server discovered the presence of cellulose synthase, along with three genes associated with lactate utilization and eight genes involved in lactate fermentation that could potentially contribute to the increase in acid concentration during BC synthesis. CONCLUSION A more comprehensive genome study of K. nataicola may shed light into biological pathway in BC productivity as well as benefit the analysis of metabolites generated and understanding of biological and chemical interactions in BC production later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irhamni Haziqi Nasharudin
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shing-Wei Siew
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hajar Fauzan Ahmad
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Group of Environment, Microbiology and Bioprocessing (GERMS), Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nazira Mahmud
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
- Group of Environment, Microbiology and Bioprocessing (GERMS), Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Saenkham-Huntsinger P, Ritter M, Donati GL, Mitchell AM, Subashchandrabose S. The inner membrane protein YhiM links copper and CpxAR envelope stress responses in uropathogenic E. coli. mBio 2024; 15:e0352223. [PMID: 38470052 PMCID: PMC11005409 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03522-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a ubiquitous infectious condition, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant causative agent of UTI. Copper (Cu) is implicated in innate immunity, including against UPEC. Cu is a trace element utilized as a co-factor, but excess Cu is toxic due to mismetalation of non-cognate proteins. E. coli precisely regulates Cu homeostasis via efflux systems. However, Cu import mechanisms into the bacterial cell are not clear. We hypothesized that Cu import defective mutants would exhibit increased resistance to Cu. This hypothesis was tested in a forward genetic screen with transposon (Tn5) insertion mutants in UPEC strain CFT073, and we identified 32 unique Cu-resistant mutants. Transposon and defined mutants lacking yhiM, which encodes a hypothetical inner membrane protein, were more resistant to Cu than parental strain. Loss of YhiM led to decreased cellular Cu content and increased expression of copA, encoding a Cu efflux pump. The CpxAR envelope stress response system was activated in the ΔyhiM mutant as indicated by increased expression of cpxP. Transcription of yhiM was regulated by CueR and CpxR, and the CpxAR system was essential for increased Cu resistance in the ΔyhiM mutant. Importantly, activation of CpxAR system in the ΔyhiM mutant was independent of NlpE, a known activator of this system. YhiM was required for optimal fitness of UPEC in a mouse model of UTI. Our findings demonstrate that YhiM is a critical mediator of Cu homeostasis and links bacterial adaptation to Cu stress with the CpxAR-dependent envelope stress response in UPEC.IMPORTANCEUPEC is a common bacterial infection. Bacterial pathogens are exposed to host-derived Cu during infection, including UTI. Here, we describe detection of genes involved in Cu homeostasis in UPEC. A UPEC mutant lacking YhiM, a membrane protein, exhibited dramatic increase in resistance to Cu. Our study demonstrates YhiM as a nexus between Cu stress and the CpxAR-dependent envelope stress response system. Importantly, our findings establish NlpE-independent activation of CpxAR system during Cu stress in UPEC. Collectively, YhiM emerges as a critical mediator of Cu homeostasis in UPEC and highlights the interlinked nature of bacterial adaptation to survival during Cu and envelope stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panatda Saenkham-Huntsinger
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Ritter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - George L. Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela M. Mitchell
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Li C, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Shi C, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Yuan S. Contaminant transformation during sediment oxygenation: Temporal variation of oxidation mechanisms mediated by hydroxyl radicals and aerobic microbes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170855. [PMID: 38340822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Sediment oxidation by oxygen is ubiquitous, whereas the mechanisms of concurrent contaminant oxidation, particularly the temporal variation of chemical and biological oxidation, remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the oxidation of two contaminants (phenol and trichloroethylene) with different responses during the oxygenation of four natural sediments with different redox properties. Results showed that contaminant oxidation was initially dominated by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) (first stage), stabilized for different time for different sediments (second stage), and was re-started by microbial mechanism (third stage). In the first short stage, the contribution of chemical oxidation by •OH was mainly determined by the variation of sediment electron-donating capacity (EDC). In the second long stage, the stabilization time was dependent on sediment redox properties, that is, the abundance and growth of aerobic microbes capable of degrading the target contaminants. A more reduced sediment resulted in a higher extent of oxidation by •OH and a longer stabilization time. When the third stage of aerobic microbial oxidation was started, the contaminants like phenol that can be utilized by microbes can be oxidized quickly and completely, and those refractory contaminants like trichloroethylene remained unchanged. The study differentiates chemical and biological mechanisms for contaminant oxidation during sediment oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Yunsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Chongwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Yaoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China.
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Xu X, Song F, Zhang G, Ma L, Yang N. Proteomic insights into the response of Halomonas sp. MNB13 to excess Mn(Ⅱ) and the role of H 2S in Mn(Ⅱ) resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118157. [PMID: 38199468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Halomonas spp. are moderately halophilic bacteria with the ability to tolerate various heavy metals. However, the role of basic cellular metabolism, particularly amino acid metabolism, has not been investigated in Halomonas spp. under excess Mn(Ⅱ). The strain Halomonas sp. MNB13 was isolated from a deep-sea ferromanganese nodule and can tolerate 80 mM Mn(Ⅱ). To comprehensively explore the mechanisms underlying its resistance to excess Mn(Ⅱ), we conducted a comparative proteome analysis. The data revealed that both 10 mM and 50 mM Mn(Ⅱ) significantly up-regulated the expression of proteins involved in Mn(Ⅱ) transport (MntE), oxidative stress response (alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and the Suf system), and amino acid metabolism (arginine, cysteine, methionine, and phenylalanine). We further investigated the role of cysteine metabolism in Mn(Ⅱ) resistance by examining the function of its downstream product, H2S. Consistent with the up-regulation of cysteine desulfurase, we detected an elevated level of H2S in Halomonas sp. MNB13 cells under Mn(Ⅱ) stress, along with increased intracellular levels of H2O2 and O2•-. Upon exogenous addition of H2S, we observed a significant restoration of the growth of Halomonas sp. MNB13. Moreover, we identified decreased intracellular levels of H2O2 and O2•- in MNB13 cells, which coincided with a decreased formation of Mn-oxides during cultivation. In contrast, in cultures containing NaHS, the residual Mn(Ⅱ) levels were higher than in cultures without NaHS. Therefore, H2S improves Mn(Ⅱ) tolerance by eliminating intracellular reactive oxygen species rather than decreasing Mn(Ⅱ) concentration in solution. Our findings indicate that cysteine metabolism, particularly the intermediate H2S, plays a pivotal role in Mn(Ⅱ) resistance by mitigating the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. These findings provide new insights into the amino acid mechanisms associated with Mn(Ⅱ) resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Xu
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuhang Song
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | - Na Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Rodríguez-Castro L, Durán RE, Méndez V, Dorochesi F, Zühlke D, Riedel K, Seeger M. The long-chain flavodoxin FldX1 improves the biodegradation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate and counteracts the oxidative stress associated to aromatic catabolism in Paraburkholderia xenovorans. Biol Res 2024; 57:12. [PMID: 38561836 PMCID: PMC10983741 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial aromatic degradation may cause oxidative stress. The long-chain flavodoxin FldX1 of Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400 counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of FldX1 in P. xenovorans LB400 during the degradation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4-HPA) and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (3-HPA). METHODS The functionality of FldX1 was evaluated in P. xenovorans p2-fldX1 that overexpresses FldX1. The effects of FldX1 on P. xenovorans were studied measuring growth on hydroxyphenylacetates, degradation of 4-HPA and 3-HPA, and ROS formation. The effects of hydroxyphenylacetates (HPAs) on the proteome (LC-MS/MS) and gene expression (qRT-PCR) were quantified. Bioaugmentation with strain p2-fldX1 of 4-HPA-polluted soil was assessed, measuring aromatic degradation (HPLC), 4-HPA-degrading bacteria, and plasmid stability. RESULTS The exposure of P. xenovorans to 4-HPA increased the formation of ROS compared to 3-HPA or glucose. P. xenovorans p2-fldX1 showed an increased growth on 4-HPA and 3-HPA compared to the control strain WT-p2. Strain p2-fldX1 degraded faster 4-HPA and 3-HPA than strain WT-p2. Both WT-p2 and p2-fldX1 cells grown on 4-HPA displayed more changes in the proteome than cells grown on 3-HPA in comparison to glucose-grown cells. Several enzymes involved in ROS detoxification, including AhpC2, AhpF, AhpD3, KatA, Bcp, CpoF1, Prx1 and Prx2, were upregulated by hydroxyphenylacetates. Downregulation of organic hydroperoxide resistance (Ohr) and DpsA proteins was observed. A downregulation of the genes encoding scavenging enzymes (katE and sodB), and gstA and trxB was observed in p2-fldX1 cells, suggesting that FldX1 prevents the antioxidant response. More than 20 membrane proteins, including porins and transporters, showed changes in expression during the growth of both strains on hydroxyphenylacetates. An increased 4-HPA degradation by recombinant strain p2-fldX1 in soil microcosms was observed. In soil, the strain overexpressing the flavodoxin FldX1 showed a lower plasmid loss, compared to WT-p2 strain, suggesting that FldX1 contributes to bacterial fitness. Overall, these results suggest that recombinant strain p2-fldX1 is an attractive bacterium for its application in bioremediation processes of aromatic compounds. CONCLUSIONS The long-chain flavodoxin FldX1 improved the capability of P. xenovorans to degrade 4-HPA in liquid culture and soil microcosms by protecting cells against the degradation-associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez-Castro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Roberto E Durán
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus Bioproducts, Genomics and Environmental Genomics (BioGEM), Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Méndez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus Bioproducts, Genomics and Environmental Genomics (BioGEM), Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavia Dorochesi
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus Bioproducts, Genomics and Environmental Genomics (BioGEM), Avenida España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Sutormina LV, Bezmaternykh KV, Muzyka NG, Oktyabrsky ON, Smirnova GV. Cysteine Homeostasis Disturbance in Escherichia coli Caused by Exposure to Ciprofloxacin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:791-795. [PMID: 38890214 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
E. coli exposure to ciprofloxacin disturbs cysteine homeostasis; an increase in the intracellular concentration of cysteine is dangerous due to its ability to enhance ROS generation. Unlike wild-type bacteria, in which the cysteine content did not exceed the control level, cells of the gshA mutant lacking glutathione are characterized by increased concentration of intracellular cysteine in proportion to the concentrations of the antibiotic, despite the intensive export of cysteine into the medium. At low concentrations of ciprofloxacin, the mutant strain formed half as many colonies as the parent strain in the survival test. These findings attest to the important role of the incorporation of excess cysteine into glutathione as one of the mechanisms of cysteine homeostasis during the stress response to antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Sutormina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - K V Bezmaternykh
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - N G Muzyka
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - O N Oktyabrsky
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - G V Smirnova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.
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Bouillet S, Bauer TS, Gottesman S. RpoS and the bacterial general stress response. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0015122. [PMID: 38411096 PMCID: PMC10966952 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00151-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe general stress response (GSR) is a widespread strategy developed by bacteria to adapt and respond to their changing environments. The GSR is induced by one or multiple simultaneous stresses, as well as during entry into stationary phase and leads to a global response that protects cells against multiple stresses. The alternative sigma factor RpoS is the central GSR regulator in E. coli and conserved in most γ-proteobacteria. In E. coli, RpoS is induced under conditions of nutrient deprivation and other stresses, primarily via the activation of RpoS translation and inhibition of RpoS proteolysis. This review includes recent advances in our understanding of how stresses lead to RpoS induction and a summary of the recent studies attempting to define RpoS-dependent genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bouillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Taran S. Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Gottesman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bisht K, Elmassry MM, Al Mahmud H, Bhattacharjee S, Deonarine A, Black C, San Francisco MJ, Hamood AN, Wakeman CA. Global stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon malonate utilization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586813. [PMID: 38585990 PMCID: PMC10996706 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Versatility in carbon source utilization assists Pseudomonas aeruginosa in its adaptation to various niches. Recently, we characterized the role of malonate, an understudied carbon source, in quorum sensing regulation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa . These results indicate that global responses to malonate metabolism remain to be uncovered. We leveraged a publicly available metabolomic dataset on human airway and found malonate to be as abundant as glycerol, a common airway metabolite and carbon source for P. aeruginosa . Here, we explored and compared adaptations of P. aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14 (PA14) in response to malonate or glycerol as a sole carbon source using transcriptomics and phenotypic assays. Malonate utilization activated glyoxylate and methylcitrate cycles and induced several stress responses, including oxidative, anaerobic, and metal stress responses associated with increases in intracellular aluminum and strontium. Some induced genes were required for optimal growth of P. aeruginosa in malonate. To assess the conservation of malonate-associated responses among P. aeruginosa strains, we compared our findings in strain PA14 with other lab strains and cystic fibrosis isolates of P. aeruginosa . Most strains grew on malonate as a sole carbon source as efficiently as or better than glycerol. While not all responses to malonate were conserved among strains, formation of biomineralized biofilm-like aggregates, increased tolerance to kanamycin, and increased susceptibility to norfloxacin were the most frequently observed phenotypes. Our findings reveal global remodeling of P. aeruginosa gene expression during its growth on malonate as a sole carbon source that is accompanied by several important phenotypic changes. These findings add to accumulating literature highlighting the role of different carbon sources in the physiology of P. aeruginosa and its niche adaptation. Importance Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen that causes local and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Different carbon sources can uniquely modulate metabolic and virulence pathways in P. aeruginosa , highlighting the importance of the environment that the pathogen occupies. In this work, we used a combination of transcriptomic analysis and phenotypic assays to determine how malonate utilization impacts P. aeruginosa, as recent evidence indicates this carbon source may be relevant to certain niches associated within the human host. We found that malonate utilization can induce global stress responses, alter metabolic circuits, and influence various phenotypes of P. aeruginosa that could influence host colonization. Investigating the metabolism of malonate provides insight into P. aeruginosa adaptations to specific niches where this substrate is abundant, and how it can be leveraged in the development of much-needed antimicrobial agents or identification of new therapeutic targets of this difficult-to-eradicate pathogen.
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Jeong H, Kim Y, Lee HS. CdbC: a disulfide bond isomerase involved in the refolding of mycoloyltransferases in Corynebacterium glutamicum cells exposed to oxidative conditions. J Biochem 2024; 175:457-470. [PMID: 38227582 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In Corynebacterium glutamicum cells, cdbC, which encodes a protein containing the CysXXCys motif, is regulated by the global redox-responsive regulator OsnR. In this study, we assessed the role of the periplasmic protein CdbC in disulfide bond formation and its involvement in mycomembrane biosynthesis. Purified CdbC efficiently refolded scrambled RNaseA, exhibiting prominent disulfide bond isomerase activity. The transcription of cdbC was decreased in cells grown in the presence of the reductant dithiothreitol (DTT). Moreover, unlike wild-type and cdbC-deleted cells, cdbC-overexpressing (P180-cdbC) cells grown in the presence of DTT exhibited retarded growth, abnormal cell morphology, increased cell surface hydrophobicity and altered mycolic acid composition. P180-cdbC cells cultured in a reducing environment accumulated trehalose monocorynomycolate, indicating mycomembrane deformation. Similarly, a two-hybrid analysis demonstrated the interaction of CdbC with the mycoloyltransferases MytA and MytB. Collectively, our findings suggest that CdbC, a periplasmic disulfide bond isomerase, refolds misfolded MytA and MytB and thereby assists in mycomembrane biosynthesis in cells exposed to oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, 65, Semyeong-ro, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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Han S, Qin M, Wang Y, Gao C, Niu W, Han J, Wang H, Li Y. Quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2 promotes hydrogen peroxide degradation in water by Gram-positive bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133582. [PMID: 38280328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is widely used to remedy bacterial and parasitic infections, but its excessive use will cause severe damage to aquatic animals. Moreover, there is no safe, efficient and low-cost method to degrade residual hydrogen peroxide in water. Here we developed a hydrogen peroxide removal mechanism by which autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a quorum sensing signal molecule that can promote the hydrogen peroxide degradation by Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we investigated the promotion effect of AI-2 on hydrogen peroxide degradation by Deinococcus sp. Y35 and the response of the antioxidant system. We further sought to understand the key mechanism underlying the promotion effect of AI-2 on hydrogen peroxide degradation is that, AI-2 contributed to the resistance of strain Y35 to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, and altered membrane permeability of strain Y35 that allowed more hydrogen peroxide to enter bacterial cells and be degraded. Additionally, AI-2 can also encourage multiple Gram-positive bacteria to degrade hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, our study serves as a reference for the regulation mechanism of the signal molecule AI-2 and provides the development of new strategies for hydrogen peroxide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wenfang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- College of Nursing and Health, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao 266299, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Wang S, Fang R, Wang H, Li X, Xing J, Li Z, Song N. The role of transcriptional regulators in metal ion homeostasis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1360880. [PMID: 38529472 PMCID: PMC10961391 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1360880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential trace elements for all living organisms and play critical catalytic, structural, and allosteric roles in many enzymes and transcription factors. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as an intracellular pathogen, is usually found in host macrophages, where the bacterium can survive and replicate. One of the reasons why Tuberculosis (TB) is so difficult to eradicate is the continuous adaptation of its pathogen. It is capable of adapting to a wide range of harsh environmental stresses, including metal ion toxicity in the host macrophages. Altering the concentration of metal ions is the common host strategy to limit MTB replication and persistence. This review mainly focuses on transcriptional regulatory proteins in MTB that are involved in the regulation of metal ions such as iron, copper and zinc. The aim is to offer novel insights and strategies for screening targets for TB treatment, as well as for the development and design of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ren Fang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiayin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- Drug Innovation Research Center, SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Mondal A, Pal A, Sarkar S, Datta R, De P. Antioxidant Polymers with Phenolic Pendants for the Mitigation of Cellular Oxidative Stress. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1649-1659. [PMID: 38331427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells is a major health concern as it may lead to various diseases through oxidative damage of biomolecules. Commonly used traditional small molecular antioxidants (polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, etc.) have inadequate efficacy in lowering excessive levels of ROS due to their poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. In response to the widespread occurrence of antioxidant polyphenols in various biorenewable resources, we aimed to develop water-soluble antioxidant polymers with side chain phenolic pendants. Four different types of copolymers (P1-P4) containing phenyl rings with different numbers of hydroxy (-OH) substituents (0: phenylalanine, 1: tyrosyl, 2: catechol, or 3: gallol) were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with a desired molar mass (8500-10000 g/mol) and a narrow dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.3). After successful characterizations of P1-P4, their in vitro antioxidant properties were analyzed by different methods, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), 4,4'-diamino-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl (TMB), and β-carotene (βC) assays. Our results revealed that the gallol pendant polymers can effectively scavenge ROS. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with DPPH• also confirmed the radical quenching ability of the synthesized polymers. The gallol pendant polymers, at a well-tolerated concentration, could effectively penetrate the macrophage cells and restore the H2O2-induced ROS to the basal level. Overall, the present approach demonstrates the efficacy of water-soluble antioxidant polymers with gallol pendants toward the mitigation of cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhasish Sarkar
- Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kamarhati, Kolkata - 700058, West Bengal, India
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