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Jia LJ, González K, Orasch T, Schmidt F, Brakhage AA. Manipulation of host phagocytosis by fungal pathogens and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2216-2231. [PMID: 39187614 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
An important host defence mechanism against pathogens is intracellular killing, which is achieved through phagocytosis, a cellular process for engulfing and neutralizing extracellular particles. Phagocytosis results in the formation of matured phagolysosomes, which are specialized compartments that provide a hostile environment and are considered the end point of the degradative pathway. However, all fungal pathogens studied to date have developed strategies to manipulate phagosomal function directly and also indirectly by redirecting phagosomes from the degradative pathway to a non-degradative pathway with the expulsion and even transfer of pathogens between cells. Here, using the major human fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum as examples, we discuss the processes involved in host phagosome-fungal pathogen interactions, with a focus on fungal evasion strategies. We also discuss recent approaches to targeting intraphagosomal pathogens, including the redirection of phagosomes towards degradative pathways for fungal pathogen eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Jie Jia
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Junior Research Group Phagosome Biology and Engineering, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany.
| | - Katherine González
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Wang X, Zhu L, Zhao T, Li H, Hou L, Li C, Jiang X, Zhang J, Pei C, Li L, Kong X. The molecular characterization of Rab11 and its immune roles in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133299. [PMID: 38909733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The Rab proteins primarily regulate vesicular transport between membrane-bound organelles and are important for innate immune. However, there is currently a lack of studies on crustaceans regarding Rab proteins, particularly core Rabs. We identified a Rab11 gene from Procambarus clarkii (PcRab11) and evaluated its potential involvement in immune response. The results showed PcRab11 was 1789 bp long, with an open reading frame of 645 bp encoding 211 amino acids and an estimated molecular weight of 23.8 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed its remarkable evolutionary conservation. The PcRab11 was widely expressed in various tissues, with highest levels in hepatopancreas, and localized within the cell cytoplasm. Upon infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Aeromonas veronii, the expression of PcRab11 in immune organs was significantly induced. Furthermore, silencing PcRab11 reduced phagocytosis-related genes expression and haemocytes' phagocytic activity to FITC-labeled A. veronii, as well as decreased mortality and death time in WSSV or A. veronii infected P. clarkii. Additionally, the potential protein interaction between PcRab11 and 14-3-3ε was identified in haemocytes. Overall, our findings provided evidence for the involvement of Rab11 in P. clarkii's immune response, establishing a foundation to explore the immune role of core Rab proteins in crustaceans' innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, Nanyang 474450, China.
| | - Tong Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hao Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Libo Hou
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chen Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Simsek Papur O, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Protein kinase-D1 and downstream signaling mechanisms involved in GLUT4 translocation in cardiac muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119748. [PMID: 38723678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr kinase protein kinase-D1 (PKD1) is involved in induction of various cell physiological processes in the heart such as myocellular hypertrophy and inflammation, which may turn maladaptive during long-term stimulation. Of special interest is a key role of PKD1 in the regulation of cardiac substrate metabolism. Glucose and fatty acids are the most important substrates for cardiac energy provision, and the ratio at which they are utilized determines the health status of the heart. Cardiac glucose uptake is mainly regulated by translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular stores (endosomes) to the sarcolemma, and fatty acid uptake via a parallel translocation of fatty acid transporter CD36 from endosomes to the sarcolemma. PKD1 is involved in the regulation of GLUT4 translocation, but not CD36 translocation, giving it the ability to modulate glucose uptake without affecting fatty acid uptake, thereby altering the cardiac substrate balance. PKD1 would therefore serve as an attractive target to combat cardiac metabolic diseases with a tilted substrate balance, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, PKD1 activation also elicits cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. Therefore, identification of the events upstream and downstream of PKD1 may provide superior therapeutic targets to alter the cardiac substrate balance. Recent studies have identified the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) as signaling hub downstream of PKD1 to selectively stimulate GLUT4-mediated myocardial glucose uptake without inducing hypertrophy. Taken together, the PKD1 signaling pathway serves a pivotal role in cardiac glucose metabolism and is a promising target to selectively modulate glucose uptake in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlenen Simsek Papur
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Xu H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Hu J, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Liu J. Staphylococcus aureus promotes its intracellular survival by inhibiting Rab11-Rab11FIP4-mediated vesicle trafficking. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110091. [PMID: 38626624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cows is mainly caused by bacteria, in which Staphylococcus aureus appears frequently. Epithelial cells, as a major physical barrier of mammary gland, play an important role in preventing mastitis in dairy cows. Our previous study reported that Rab11fip4 (an effector of Rab11) was significantly changed in response to stimulation by S. aureus. So, in this study, the role of Rab11A in phagocytosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) against S. aureus was evaluated. First, changes of Rab11A and Rab11fip4 were analyzed in response to S. aureus by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Subsequently, the effects of Rab11A and Rab11fip4 on proliferation of S. aureus, as well as formation and function of late endosomes (LEs) and lysosomes (LYSs) were investigated. The results showed that, after infection, Rab11A and Rab11fip4 were recruited to phagosomes containing S. aureus. Rab11A promoted bacterial clearance and rescues the destruction of LEs and LYSs by S. aureus, whereas Rab11fip4 did the opposite. These findings provide new insights into phagocytosis and control of S. aureus in host cells, thus lay the foundation to elucidate the pathogenesis of S. aureus in bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiaqing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China; Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
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5
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Helgoe J, Davy SK, Weis VM, Rodriguez-Lanetty M. Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:715-752. [PMID: 38217089 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins the success of coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. However, the breakdown of the symbiosis and the loss of the microalgal symbiont (i.e. coral bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in the rapid degradation of coral reefs globally. There is an urgent need to understand the cellular physiology of coral bleaching at the mechanistic level to help develop solutions to mitigate the coral reef crisis. Here, at an unprecedented scope, we present novel models that integrate putative mechanisms of coral bleaching within a common framework according to the triggers (initiators of bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, e.g. photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), and endpoints (mechanisms of symbiont loss, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). The models are supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, and indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses from non-cnidarian systems. With this approach, new putative mechanisms have been established within and between cascades initiated by different bleaching triggers. In particular, the models provide new insights into the poorly understood connections between bleaching cascades and endpoints and highlight the role of a new mechanism of symbiont loss, i.e. 'symbiolysosomal digestion', which is different from symbiophagy. This review also increases the approachability of bleaching physiology for specialists and non-specialists by mapping the vast landscape of bleaching mechanisms in an atlas of comprehensible and detailed mechanistic models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps and how future research may improve the understanding of the connections between the diverse cascade of cellular pathways and the mechanisms of symbiont loss (endpoints).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Helgoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 2701 SW Campus Way, 2403 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA
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Ansari I, Singh AK, Kapoor A, Mukhopadhyay A. Unconventional role of Rab4 in the secretory pathway in Leishmania. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119687. [PMID: 38342312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is an auxotroph for heme. Parasite acquires heme by clathrin-mediated endocytosis of hemoglobin by specific receptor. However, the regulation of receptor recycling pathway is not known in Leishmania. Here, we have cloned, expressed and characterized the Rab4 homologue from L. donovani. We have found that LdRab4 localizes in both early endosomes and Golgi in L. donovani. To understand the role of LdRab4 in L. donovani, we have generated transgenic parasites overexpressing GFP-LdRab4:WT, GFP-LdRab4:Q67L, and GFP-LdRab4:S22N. Our results have shown that overexpression of GFP-LdRab4:Q67L or GFP-LdRab4:S22N does not alter the cell surface localization of hemoglobin receptor in L. donovani. Surprisingly, we have found that overexpression of GFP-LdRab4:S22N significantly blocks the transport of Ldgp63 to the cell surface whereas the trafficking of Ldgp63 is induced to the cell surface in GFP-LdRab4:WT and GFP-LdRab4:Q67L overexpressing parasites. Consequently, we have found significant inhibition of gp63 secretion by GFP-LdRab4:S22N overexpressing parasites whereas secretion of Ldgp63 is enhanced in GFP-LdRab4:WT and GFP-LdRab4:Q67L overexpressing parasites in comparison to untransfected control parasites. Moreover, we have found that survival of transgenic parasites overexpressing GFP-LdRab4:S22N is severely compromised in macrophages in comparison to GFP-LdRab4:WT and GFP-LdRab4:Q67L expressing parasites. These results demonstrated that LdRab4 unconventionally regulates the secretory pathway in L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ansari
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amir Kumar Singh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anjali Kapoor
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Okuno S, Higo S, Kondo T, Shiba M, Kameda S, Inoue H, Tabata T, Ogawa S, Morishita Y, Sun C, Ishino S, Honda T, Miyagawa S, Sakata Y. SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain is internalized and promotes protein ISGylation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21397. [PMID: 38049441 PMCID: PMC10696029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although an increased risk of myocarditis has been observed after vaccination with mRNA encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This study investigated the direct effects of spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) on human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs). Immunostaining experiments using ACE2 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) iPSC-CMs treated with purified S-RBD demonstrated that S-RBD was bound to ACE2 and internalized into the subcellular space in the iPSC-CMs, depending on ACE2. Immunostaining combined with live cell imaging using a recombinant S-RBD fused to the superfolder GFP (S-RBD-sfGFP) demonstrated that S-RBD was bound to the cell membrane, co-localized with RAB5A, and then delivered from the endosomes to the lysosomes in iPSC-CMs. Quantitative PCR array analysis followed by single cell RNA sequence analysis clarified that S-RBD-sfGFP treatment significantly upregulated the NF-kβ pathway-related gene (CXCL1) in the differentiated non-cardiomyocytes, while upregulated interferon (IFN)-responsive genes (IFI6, ISG15, and IFITM3) in the matured cardiomyocytes. S-RBD-sfGFP treatment promoted protein ISGylation, an ISG15-mediated post-translational modification in ACE2-WT-iPSC-CMs, which was suppressed in ACE2-KO-iPSC-CMs. Our experimental study demonstrates that S-RBD is internalized through the endolysosomal pathway, which upregulates IFN-responsive genes and promotes ISGylation in the iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Shiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shou Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Morishita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saki Ishino
- CoMIT Omics Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Li X, Ni J, Qing H, Quan Z. The Regulatory Mechanism of Rab21 in Human Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5944-5953. [PMID: 37369821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Rab proteins are important components of small GTPases and play crucial roles in regulating intracellular transportation and cargo delivery. Maintaining the proper functions of Rab proteins is essential for normal cellular activities such as cell signaling, division, and survival. Due to their vital and irreplaceable role in regulating intracellular vesicle transportation, accumulated researches have shown that the abnormalities of Rab proteins and their effectors are closely related to human diseases. Here, this review focused on Rab21, a member of the Rab family, and introduced the structures and functions of Rab21, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of Rab21 in human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and inflammation. In summary, we described in detail the role of Rab21 in human diseases and provide insights into the potential of Rab21 as a therapeutic target for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Almeida BR, Barros BCSC, Barros DTL, Orikaza CM, Suzuki E. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Induces α3 Integrin Lysosomal Degradation in Lung Epithelial Cells. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:912. [PMID: 37755020 PMCID: PMC10532483 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the pathogen-host interaction are crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the establishment, maintenance, and spread of infection. In recent years, our research group has observed that the P. brasiliensis species interact with integrin family receptors and increase the expression of α3 integrin in lung epithelial cells within 5 h of infection. Interestingly, α3 integrin levels were reduced by approximately 99% after 24 h of infection with P. brasiliensis compared to non-infected cells. In this work, we show that, during infection with this fungus, α3 integrin is increased in the late endosomes of A549 lung epithelial cells. We also observed that the inhibitor of the lysosomal activity bafilomycin A1 was able to inhibit the decrease in α3 integrin levels. In addition, the silencing of the charged multivesicular body protein 3 (CHMP3) inhibited the reduction in α3 integrin levels induced by P. brasiliensis in A549 cells. Thus, together, these results indicate that this fungus induces the degradation of α3 integrin in A549 lung epithelial cells by hijacking the host cell endolysosomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erika Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ed. Antonio C. M. Paiva, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (B.R.A.)
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10
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Balasubramaniam B, Topalidou I, Kelley M, Meadows SM, Funk O, Ailion M, Fay DS. Effectors of anterior morphogenesis in C. elegans embryos. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059982. [PMID: 37345480 PMCID: PMC10339035 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis the nascent Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis secretes an apical extracellular matrix (aECM) that serves as an external stabilizer, preventing deformation of the epidermis by mechanical forces exerted during morphogenesis. At present, the factors that contribute to aECM function are mostly unknown, including the aECM components themselves, their posttranslational regulators, and the pathways required for their secretion. Here we showed that two proteins previously linked to aECM function, SYM-3/FAM102A and SYM-4/WDR44, colocalize to intracellular and membrane-associated puncta and likely function in a complex. Proteomics experiments also suggested potential roles for SYM-3/FAM102A and SYM-4/WDR44 family proteins in intracellular trafficking. Nonetheless, we found no evidence to support a critical function for SYM-3 or SYM-4 in the apical deposition of two aECM components, NOAH-1 and FBN-1. Moreover, loss of a key splicing regulator of fbn-1, MEC-8/RBPMS2, had surprisingly little effect on the abundance or deposition of FBN-1. Using a focused screening approach, we identified 32 additional proteins that likely contribute to the structure and function of the embryonic aECM. We also characterized morphogenesis defects in embryos lacking mir-51 microRNA family members, which display a similar phenotype to mec-8; sym double mutants. Collectively, these findings add to our knowledge of factors controlling embryonic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boopathi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7350, WA, USA
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Sarina M. Meadows
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Owen Funk
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7350, WA, USA
| | - David S. Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
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Boopathi B, Topalidou I, Kelley M, Meadows SM, Funk O, Ailion M, Fay DS. Pathways that affect anterior morphogenesis in C. elegans embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.23.537986. [PMID: 37163004 PMCID: PMC10168279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.23.537986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis the nascent Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis secretes an apical extracellular matrix (aECM) that serves as an external stabilizer, preventing deformation of the epidermis by mechanical forces exerted during morphogenesis. We showed that two conserved proteins linked to this process, SYM-3/FAM102A and SYM-4/WDR44, colocalize to intracellular and membrane-associated puncta and likely function together in a complex. Proteomics data also suggested potential roles for FAM102A and WDR44 family proteins in intracellular trafficking, consistent with their localization patterns. Nonetheless, we found no evidence to support a clear function for SYM-3 or SYM-4 in the apical deposition of two aECM components, FBN-1 and NOAH. Surprisingly, loss of MEC-8/RBPMS2, a conserved splicing factor and regulator of fbn-1 , had little effect on the abundance or deposition of FBN-1 to the aECM. Using a focused screening approach, we identified 32 additional proteins that likely contribute to the structure and function of the embryonic aECM. Lastly, we examined morphogenesis defects in embryos lacking mir-51 microRNA family members, which display a related embryonic phenotype to mec-8; sym double mutants. Collectively, our findings add to our knowledge of pathways controlling embryonic morphogenesis. SUMMARY STATEMENT We identify new proteins in apical ECM biology in C. elegans and provide evidence that SYM-3/FAM102A and SYM-4/WDR44 function together in trafficking but do not regulate apical ECM protein deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramaniam Boopathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sarina M Meadows
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Owen Funk
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - David S Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
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12
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Seliverstova EV, Prutskova NP. Renal protein reabsorption impairment related to a myxosporean infection in the grass frog (Rana temporaria L.). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1303-1316. [PMID: 37012507 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A morphophysiological study of tubular reabsorption and mechanisms of protein endocytosis in the kidney of frogs (Rana temporaria L.) during parasitic infection was carried out. Pseudoplasmodia and spores of myxosporidia, beforehand assigned to the genus Sphaerospora, were detected in Bowman's capsules and in the lumen of individual renal tubules by light and electron microscopy. Remarkable morphological alteration and any signs of pathology in kidney tissue related to this myxosporean infection have not been noted. At the same time, significant changes in protein reabsorption and distribution of molecular markers of endocytosis in the proximal tubule (PT) cells in infected animals were detected by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In lysozyme injection experiments, the endocytosed protein and megalin expression in the infected PTs were not revealed. Tubular expression of cubilin and clathrin decreased, but endosomal recycling marker Rab11 increased or remained unchanged. Thus, myxosporean infection resulted in the alterations in lysozyme uptake and expression of the main molecular determinants of endocytosis. The inhibition of receptor-mediated clathrin-dependent protein endocytosis in amphibian kidneys due to myxosporidiosis was shown for the first time. Established impairment of the endocytic process is a clear marker of tubular cell dysfunction that can be used to assess the functioning of amphibian kidneys during adaptation to adverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Seliverstova
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Torez Av., 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalya P Prutskova
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Torez Av., 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russian Federation
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13
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Ireton K, Gyanwali GC, Herath TUB, Lee N. Exploitation of the host exocyst complex by bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36717381 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens remodel the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells in order to establish infection. A common and well-studied mechanism of plasma membrane remodelling involves bacterial stimulation of polymerization of the host actin cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss recent results showing that several bacterial pathogens also exploit the host vesicular trafficking pathway of 'polarized exocytosis' to expand and reshape specific regions in the plasma membrane during infection. Polarized exocytosis is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex termed the exocyst. We describe examples in which the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri co-opt the exocyst to promote internalization into human cells or intercellular spread within host tissues. We also discuss results showing that Legionella pneumophila or S. flexneri manipulate exocyst components to modify membrane vacuoles to favour intracellular replication or motility of bacteria. Finally, we propose potential ways that pathogens manipulate exocyst function, discuss how polarized exocytosis might promote infection and highlight the importance of future studies to determine how actin polymerization and polarized exocytosis are coordinated to achieve optimal bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Ireton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Thilina U B Herath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Limkul S, Phiwthong T, Massu A, Boonanuntanasarn S, Teaumroong N, Somboonwiwat K, Boonchuen P. Transcriptome-based insights into the regulatory role of immune-responsive circular RNAs in Litopanaeus vannamei upon WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108499. [PMID: 36549581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) originating from a post-transcriptional modification process called back-splicing. Despite circRNAs being traditionally considered by-products rather than independently functional, circRNAs play many vital roles, such as in host immunity during viral infection. However, in shrimp, these remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to identify circRNAs in Litopenaeus vannamei in the context of WSSV infection, one of the most eradicative pathogens threatening shrimp populations worldwide. We identified 290 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) in L. vannamei upon WSSV infection. Eight DECs were expressed from their parental genes, including alpha-1-inhibitor-3, calpain-B, integrin-V, hemicentin-2, hemocytin, mucin-17, proPO2, and rab11-FIP4. These were examined quantitatively by qRT-PCR, which revealed the relevant expression profiles to those obtained from circRNA-Seq. Furthermore, the structural and chemical validation of the DECs conformed to the characteristics of circRNAs. One of the functional properties of circRNAs as a miRNA sponge was examined via the interaction network between DECs and WSSV-responsive miRNAs, which highlighted the targets of miRNA sponges. Our discovery could provide insight into the participation of these ncRNAs in shrimp antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawich Limkul
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Tannatorn Phiwthong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Amarin Massu
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Boonchuen
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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15
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Sura T, Surabhi S, Maaß S, Hammerschmidt S, Siemens N, Becher D. The global proteome and ubiquitinome of bacterial and viral co-infected bronchial epithelial cells. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104387. [PMID: 34600154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections facilitate bacterial trafficking to the lower respiratory tract resulting in bacterial-viral co-infections. Bacterial dissemination to the lower respiratory tract is enhanced by influenza A virus induced epithelial cell damage and dysregulation of immune responses. Epithelial cells act as a line of defense and detect pathogens by a high variety of pattern recognition receptors. The post-translational modification ubiquitin is involved in almost every cellular process. Moreover, ubiquitination contributes to the regulation of host immune responses, influenza A virus uncoating and transport within host cells. We applied proteomics with a special focus on ubiquitination to assess the impact of single bacterial and viral as well as bacterial-viral co-infections on bronchial epithelial cells. We used Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entities to enrich polyubiquitinated proteins and assess changes in the ubiquitinome. Infecting 16HBE cells with Streptococcus pyogenes led to an increased abundance of proteins related to mitochondrial translation and energy metabolism in proteome and ubiquitinome. In contrast, influenza A virus infection mainly altered the ubiquitinome. Co-infections had no additional impact on protein abundances or affected pathways. Changes in protein abundance and enriched pathways were assigned to imprints of both infecting pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE: Viral and bacterial co-infections of the lower respiratory tract are a burden for health systems worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the complex interplay between the host and the infecting pathogens. Thus, we analyzed the proteome and the ubiquitinome of co-infected bronchial epithelial cells to elaborate a potential synergism of the two infecting organisms. The results presented in this work can be used as a starting point for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sura
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Surabhi Surabhi
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaß
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- University of Greifswald, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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16
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Bentaleb C, Hervouet K, Montpellier C, Camuzet C, Ferrié M, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Bressanelli S, Metzger K, Werkmeister E, Ankavay M, Janampa NL, Marlet J, Roux J, Deffaud C, Goffard A, Rouillé Y, Dubuisson J, Roingeard P, Aliouat-Denis CM, Cocquerel L. The endocytic recycling compartment serves as a viral factory for hepatitis E virus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:615. [PMID: 36460928 PMCID: PMC9718719 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major leading cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis worldwide, many gaps remain in the understanding of the HEV lifecycle. Notably, viral factories induced by HEV have not been documented yet, and it is currently unknown whether HEV infection leads to cellular membrane modeling as many positive-strand RNA viruses. HEV genome encodes the ORF1 replicase, the ORF2 capsid protein and the ORF3 protein involved in virion egress. Previously, we demonstrated that HEV produces different ORF2 isoforms including the virion-associated ORF2i form. Here, we generated monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the ORF2i form and antibodies that recognize the different ORF2 isoforms. One antibody, named P1H1 and targeting the ORF2i N-terminus, recognized delipidated HEV particles from cell culture and patient sera. Importantly, AlphaFold2 modeling demonstrated that the P1H1 epitope is exposed on HEV particles. Next, antibodies were used to probe viral factories in HEV-producing/infected cells. By confocal microscopy, we identified subcellular nugget-like structures enriched in ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 proteins and viral RNA. Electron microscopy analyses revealed an unprecedented HEV-induced membrane network containing tubular and vesicular structures. We showed that these structures are dependent on ORF2i capsid protein assembly and ORF3 expression. An extensive colocalization study of viral proteins with subcellular markers, and silencing experiments demonstrated that these structures are derived from the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) for which Rab11 is a central player. Hence, HEV hijacks the ERC and forms a membrane network of vesicular and tubular structures that might be the hallmark of HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrine Bentaleb
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kévin Hervouet
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Montpellier
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Charline Camuzet
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Ferrié
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France ,Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- grid.457334.20000 0001 0667 2738Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karoline Metzger
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014-US41-PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie and Santé, Lille, France
| | - Maliki Ankavay
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Present Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Leon Janampa
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Julien Marlet
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | | | | | - Anne Goffard
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France ,Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Cocquerel
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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17
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Huang S, Lai X, Yang L, Ye F, Huang C, Qiu Y, Lin S, Pu L, Wang Z, Huang W. Asporin Promotes TGF-β-induced Lung Myofibroblast Differentiation by Facilitating Rab11-dependent Recycling of TβRI. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:158-170. [PMID: 34705621 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0257oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease with high mortality and morbidity. Asporin (ASPN), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family, plays crucial roles in tissue injury and regeneration. However, the precise pathophysiological role of ASPN and its molecular mechanisms in IPF remain unknown. We sought to investigate the role of ASPN during the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the therapeutic potential of targeting ASPN-related signaling pathways. In our study, three microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by bioinformatic analysis. Hub genes were selected from the protein-protein interaction network. ASPN was examined in lung tissues from pulmonary fibrosis mouse models and the role of ASPN in TGF-β/Smad signaling was determined by transfection with ASPN shRNA vectors in vitro. Biotinylation assays were conducted to measure plasma membrane TβRI and TβRI recycling after ASPN knockdown. The results showed ASPN expression was increased in the lungs of pulmonary fibrosis mouse models, and ASPN was primarily localized in α-SMA+ myofibroblasts. In vitro experiments proved that ASPN knockdown inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling and myofibroblast differentiation by regulating the stability of TβRI. Further molecular mechanisms revealed that ASPN knockdown inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling by suppressing recycling of TβRI to the cell surface in a Rab11-dependent manner and facilitated lysosome-mediated degradation of TβRI. In conclusion, our findings provide important evidence for the use of ASPN as a novel pharmacological target for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Lai
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyan Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, Center for stem cell biology and tissue engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvya Pu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China;
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18
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Boonyoung G, Panrat T, Phongdara A, Wanna W. Evaluation of the relationship between the 14-3-3ε protein and LvRab11 in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during WSSV infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19188. [PMID: 34584112 PMCID: PMC8478922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins interact with a wide variety of cellular proteins for many diverse functions in biological processes. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that two 14-3-3ε isoforms (14-3-3ES and 14-3-3EL) interacted with Rab11 in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LvRab11). The interaction of 14-3-3ε and LvRab11 was confirmed by a GST pull-down assay. The LvRab11 open reading frame was 645 bp long, encoding a protein of 214 amino acids. Possible complexes of 14-3-3ε isoforms and LvRab11 were elucidated by in silico analysis, in which LvRab11 showed a better binding energy score with 14-3-3EL than with 14-3-3ES. In shrimp challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the mRNA expression levels of LvRab11 and 14-3-3ε were significantly upregulated at 48 h after challenge. To determine whether LvRab11 and binding between 14-3-3ε and LvRab11 are active against WSSV infection, an in vivo neutralization assay and RNA interference were performed. The results of in vivo neutralization showed that LvRab11 and complexes of 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 delayed mortality in shrimp challenged with WSSV. Interestingly, in the RNAi experiments, the silencing effect of LvRab11 in WSSV-infected shrimp resulted in decreased ie-1 mRNA expression and WSSV copy number. Whereas suppression of complex 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 increased WSSV replication. This study has suggested two functions of LvRab11 in shrimp innate immunity; (1) at the early stage of WSSV infection, LvRab11 might play an important role in WSSV infection processes and (2) at the late stage of infection, the 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 interaction acquires functions that are involved in immune response against WSSV invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guson Boonyoung
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Tanate Panrat
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Prince of Songkla University International College, Hat Yai Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Warapond Wanna
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand ,grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
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19
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Jin K, Wen Z, Wu B, Zhang H, Qiu J, Wang Y, Warrington KJ, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. NOTCH-induced rerouting of endosomal trafficking disables regulatory T cells in vasculitis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136042. [PMID: 32960812 DOI: 10.1172/jci136042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aorta and the large conductive arteries are immunoprivileged tissues and are protected against inflammatory attack. A breakdown of immunoprivilege leads to autoimmune vasculitis, such as giant cell arteritis, in which CD8+ Treg cells fail to contain CD4+ T cells and macrophages, resulting in the formation of tissue-destructive granulomatous lesions. Here, we report that the molecular defect of malfunctioning CD8+ Treg cells lies in aberrant NOTCH4 signaling that deviates endosomal trafficking and minimizes exosome production. By transcriptionally controlling the profile of RAB GTPases, NOTCH4 signaling restricted vesicular secretion of the enzyme NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Specifically, NOTCH4hiCD8+ Treg cells increased RAB5A and RAB11A expression and suppressed RAB7A, culminating in the accumulation of early and recycling endosomes and sequestering of NOX2 in an intracellular compartment. RAB7AloCD8+ Treg cells failed in the surface translocation and exosomal release of NOX2. NOTCH4hiRAB5AhiRAB7AloRAB11AhiCD8+ Treg cells left adaptive immunity unopposed, enabling a breakdown in tissue tolerance and aggressive vessel wall inflammation. Inhibiting NOTCH4 signaling corrected the defect and protected arteries from inflammatory insult. This study implicates NOTCH4-dependent transcriptional control of RAB proteins and intracellular vesicle trafficking in autoimmune disease and in vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Bier E, Nizet V. Driving to Safety: CRISPR-Based Genetic Approaches to Reducing Antibiotic Resistance. Trends Genet 2021; 37:745-757. [PMID: 33745750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reached critical levels, skyrocketing in hospitals and the environment and posing a major threat to global public health. The complex and challenging problem of reducing antibiotic resistance (AR) requires a network of both societal and science-based solutions to preserve the most lifesaving pharmaceutical intervention known to medicine. In addition to developing new classes of antibiotics, it is essential to safeguard the clinical efficacy of existing drugs. In this review, we examine the potential application of novel CRISPR-based genetic approaches to reducing AR in both environmental and clinical settings and prolonging the utility of vital antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bier
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA.
| | - Victor Nizet
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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21
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Mammalian cells use the autophagy process to restrict avian influenza virus replication. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109213. [PMID: 34107256 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host adaptive mutations in the influenza A virus (IAV) PB2 protein are critical for human infection, but their molecular action is not well understood. We observe that when IAV containing avian PB2 infects mammalian cells, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) aggregates that localize to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) are formed. These vRNP aggregates resemble LC3B-associated autophagosome structures, with aggresome-like properties, in that they cause the re-distribution of vimentin. However, electron microscopy reveals that these aggregates represent an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Compared to mammalian-PB2 virus, avian-PB2 virus induces higher autophagic flux in infected cells, indicating an increased rate of autophagosomes containing avian vRNPs fusing with lysosomes. We found that p62 is essential for the formation of vRNP aggregates and that the Raptor-interacting region of p62 is required for interaction with vRNPs through the PB2 polymerase subunit. Selective autophagic sequestration during late-stage virus replication is thus an additional strategy for host restriction of avian-PB2 IAV.
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22
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Host factor Rab11a is critical for efficient assembly of influenza A virus genomic segments. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009517. [PMID: 33970958 PMCID: PMC8136845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that influenza A viruses selectively package 8 distinct viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) into each virion; however, the role of host factors in genome assembly is not completely understood. To evaluate the significance of cellular factors in genome assembly, we generated a reporter virus carrying a tetracysteine tag in the NP gene (NP-Tc virus) and assessed the dynamics of vRNP localization with cellular components by fluorescence microscopy. At early time points, vRNP complexes were preferentially exported to the MTOC; subsequently, vRNPs associated on vesicles positive for cellular factor Rab11a and formed distinct vRNP bundles that trafficked to the plasma membrane on microtubule networks. In Rab11a deficient cells, however, vRNP bundles were smaller in the cytoplasm with less co-localization between different vRNP segments. Furthermore, Rab11a deficiency increased the production of non-infectious particles with higher RNA copy number to PFU ratios, indicative of defects in specific genome assembly. These results indicate that Rab11a+ vesicles serve as hubs for the congregation of vRNP complexes and enable specific genome assembly through vRNP:vRNP interactions, revealing the importance of Rab11a as a critical host factor for influenza A virus genome assembly. The influenza A virus (IAV) genome is composed of 8 distinct RNA segments. It has remained unclear how these 8 individual RNA segments are assembled together to form infectious virus particles. Our study shows that Rab11a+ vesicles serve as platforms for the congregation and assembly of 8 individual viral RNA segments needed to form infectious virus particles. However, in cells lacking Rab11a, viral RNA segments fail to congregate together, resulting in increased production of defective virus particles, likely due to misassembling of viral RNA segments. Thus, our study reveals the important role for Rab11a in influenza virus genome assembly and production of infectious virus particles.
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23
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Chiang CY, Zhong Y, Ward MD, Lane DJ, Kenny T, Rosario-Acevedo R, Eaton BP, Treviño SR, Chance TB, Hu M, Worsham PL, Waag DM, Moore RT, Cazares LH, Cote CK, Zhou Y, Panchal RG. Proteomic Analysis of Non-human Primate Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells During Burkholderia mallei Infection Reveals a Role of Ezrin in Glanders Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625211. [PMID: 33967974 PMCID: PMC8101288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders, is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Depending on different routes of infection, the disease is manifested by pneumonia, septicemia, and chronic infections of the skin. B. mallei poses a serious biological threat due to its ability to infect via aerosol route, resistance to multiple antibiotics and to date there are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccines available. Induction of innate immunity, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines following B. mallei infection, have been observed in in vitro and small rodent models; however, a global characterization of host responses has never been systematically investigated using a non-human primate (NHP) model. Here, using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach, we identified alterations in expression levels of host proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) originating from naïve rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) exposed to aerosolized B. mallei. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified several statistically significant overrepresented biological annotations including complement and coagulation cascade, nucleoside metabolic process, vesicle-mediated transport, intracellular signal transduction and cytoskeletal protein binding. By integrating an LC-MS/MS derived proteomics dataset with a previously published B. mallei host-pathogen interaction dataset, a statistically significant predictive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Pharmacological perturbation of one component of the PPI network, specifically ezrin, reduced B. mallei mediated interleukin-1β (IL-1β). On the contrary, the expression of IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was upregulated upon pretreatment with the ezrin inhibitor. Taken together, inflammasome activation as demonstrated by IL-1β production and the homeostasis of inflammatory response is critical during the pathogenesis of glanders. Furthermore, the topology of the network reflects the underlying molecular mechanism of B. mallei infections in the NHP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chiang
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yang Zhong
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Systems and Structural Biology Division, Protein Sciences Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Douglas J. Lane
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tara Kenny
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Raysa Rosario-Acevedo
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brett P. Eaton
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sylvia R. Treviño
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Taylor B. Chance
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Meghan Hu
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Patricia L. Worsham
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - David M. Waag
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Richard T. Moore
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lisa H. Cazares
- Systems and Structural Biology Division, Protein Sciences Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yingyao Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rekha G. Panchal
- Countermeasures Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
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24
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Stypulkowski E, Feng Q, Joseph I, Farrell V, Flores J, Yu S, Sakamori R, Sun J, Bandyopadhyay S, Das S, Dobrowolski R, Bonder EM, Chen MH, Gao N. Rab8 attenuates Wnt signaling and is required for mesenchymal differentiation into adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100488. [PMID: 33662399 PMCID: PMC8042397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocyte requires coordination of external stimuli and depends upon the functionality of the primary cilium. The Rab8 small GTPases are regulators of intracellular transport of membrane-bound structural and signaling cargo. However, the physiological contribution of the intrinsic trafficking network controlled by Rab8 to mesenchymal tissue differentiation has not been fully defined in vivo and in primary tissue cultures. Here, we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Rab8 have severely impaired adipocyte differentiation in vivo and ex vivo. Immunofluorescent localization and biochemical analyses of Rab8a-deficient, Rab8b-deficient, and Rab8a and Rab8b double-deficient MEFs revealed that Rab8 controls the Lrp6 vesicular compartment, clearance of basal signalosome, traffic of frizzled two receptor, and thereby a proper attenuation of Wnt signaling in differentiating MEFs. Upon induction of adipogenesis program, Rab8a- and Rab8b-deficient MEFs exhibited severely defective lipid-droplet formation and abnormal cilia morphology, despite overall intact cilia growth and ciliary cargo transport. Our results suggest that intracellular Rab8 traffic regulates induction of adipogenesis via proper positioning of Wnt receptors for signaling control in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stypulkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ivor Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Victoria Farrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Soumyashree Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Miao-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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25
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[Elucidation of neuropathogenesis of West Nile Encephalitis]. Uirusu 2021; 71:79-86. [PMID: 35526998 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.71.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus, which causes serious encephalitis in humans and horses, infects neuronal cells and induces cell death. As the neuronal cell death leads to the induction of various inflammatory responses, elucidation of the molecular mechanism of cell death is important for development of a treatment for West Nile encephalitis. In this paper, we investigated the pathology of the neuronal cells infected with West Nile virus and summarized the mechanism of neuronal cell death and their effect on the neuropathogenesis.
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26
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Nandy N, Roy JK. Rab11 is essential for lgl mediated JNK-Dpp signaling in dorsal closure and epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2020; 464:188-201. [PMID: 32562757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal closure during Drosophila embryogenesis provides a robust genetic platform to study the basic cellular mechanisms that govern epithelial wound healing and morphogenesis. As dorsal closure proceeds, the lateral epithelial tissue (LE) adjacent to the dorsal opening advance contra-laterally, with a simultaneous retraction of the amnioserosa. The process involves a fair degree of coordinated cell shape changes in the dorsal most epithelial (DME) cells as well as a few penultimate rows of lateral epithelial (LE) cells (collectively referred here as Dorsolateral Epithelial (DLE) cells), lining the periphery of the amnioserosa, which in due course of time extend contra-laterally and ultimately fuse over the dorsal hole, giving rise to a dorsal epithelial continuum. The JNK-Dpp signaling in the dorsolateral epidermis, plays an instrumental role in guiding their fate during this process. A large array of genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of this core signaling pathway, yet the mechanisms by which they do so is hitherto unclear, which forms the objective of our present study. Here we show a probable mechanism via which lgl, a conserved tumour suppressor gene, regulates the JNK-Dpp pathway during dorsal closure and epithelial morphogenesis. A conditional/targeted knock-down of lgl in the dorsolateral epithelium of embryos results in failure of dorsal closure. Interestingly, we also observed a similar phenotype in a Rab11 knockdown condition. Our experiment suggests Rab11 to be interacting with lgl as they seem to synergize in order to regulate the core JNK-Dpp signaling pathway during dorsal closure and also during adult thorax closure process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Nandy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jagat Kumar Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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27
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Glycoprotein 5 Is Cleaved by Cathepsin E during Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Membrane Fusion. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00097-20. [PMID: 32102888 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00097-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious viral disease affecting the global swine industry. Its causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), is an enveloped virus, and therefore membrane fusion between its envelope and host cell target membrane is critical for viral infection. Though much research has focused on PRRSV infection, the detailed mechanisms involved in its membrane fusion remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we performed confocal microscopy in combination with a constitutively active (CA) or dominant negative (DN) mutant, specific inhibitors, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), as well as multiple other approaches, to explore PRRSV membrane fusion. We first observed that PRRSV membrane fusion occurred in Rab11-recycling endosomes during early infection using labeled virions and subcellular markers. We further demonstrated that low pH and cathepsin E in Rab11-recycling endosomes are critical for PRRSV membrane fusion. Moreover, PRRSV glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is identified as being cleaved by cathepsin E during this process. Taken together, our findings provide in-depth information regarding PRRSV pathogenesis, which support a novel basis for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.IMPORTANCE PRRS, caused by PRRSV, is an economically critical factor in pig farming worldwide. As PRRSV is a lipid membrane-wrapped virus, merging of the PRRSV envelope with the host cell membrane is indispensable for viral infection. However, there is a lack of knowledge on its membrane fusion. Here, we first explored when and where PRRSV membrane fusion occurs. Furthermore, we determined which host cell factors were involved in the process. Importantly, PRRSV GP5 is shown to be cleaved by cathepsin E during membrane fusion. Our work not only provides information on PRRSV membrane fusion for the first time but also deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PRRSV infection, which provides a foundation for future applications in the prevention and control of PRRS.
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28
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Chi M, Shi X, Huo X, Wu X, Zhang P, Wang G. Dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:531. [PMID: 32411754 PMCID: PMC7214880 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.04.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been reported to increase the malignancy of breast cancer cells in vitro and stimulate tumor growth in mice. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) demonstrates proteolytic activity, resulting in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated whether and how TMPRSS2 regulates migration of DEX-treated breast cancer cells. Methods Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with DEX and scratch assay was performed. Expressions of TMPRSS2, α2-adrenergic receptor, phospho-STAT3Tyr705, Rab11, and ECM components were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA and ultracentrifugation were used to quantify secreted exosomal proteins. Knockdown assay was used to inhibit the expression of TMPRSS2 and Rab11. Results DEX significantly increased the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, which was accompanied by the upregulation and colocalization of TMPRSS2 and α2-adrenergic receptor. Nuclear phospho-STAT3Tyr705 was increased dramatically following DEX treatment, and TMPRSS2 upregulation was significantly suppressed by the STAT3 inhibitor WP1066. Meanwhile, TMPRSS2 knockdown decreased DEX-induced cellular migration. TMPRSS2 and Rab11 were significantly detected in the media and the isolated exosomes from DEX-treated cells, and their colocalization was also revealed. Rab11 knockdown prevented exosomal TMPRSS2 from increasing in DEX-treated cells. In normal cultured MDA-MB-231, migration was increased by Rab11-positive exosomes isolated from DEX-treated MCF-7. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that Rab11-positive exosomes enriched more components than Rab11-negative exosomes. Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Conclusions This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of α2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoding Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xing Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Pinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.,Pain Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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29
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Schwartz R, Guichard A, Franc NC, Roy S, Bier E. A Drosophila Model for Clostridium difficile Toxin CDT Reveals Interactions with Multiple Effector Pathways. iScience 2020; 23:100865. [PMID: 32058973 PMCID: PMC7011083 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) cause severe and occasionally life-threatening diarrhea. Hyper-virulent strains produce CDT, a toxin that ADP-ribosylates actin monomers and inhibits actin polymerization. We created transgenic Drosophila lines expressing the catalytic subunit CDTa to investigate its interaction with host signaling pathways in vivo. When expressed in the midgut, CDTa reduces body weight and fecal output and compromises survival, suggesting severe impairment of digestive functions. At the cellular level, CDTa induces F-actin network collapse, elimination of the intestinal brush border, and disruption of intercellular junctions. We confirm toxin-dependent re-distribution of Rab11 to enterocytes' apical surface and observe suppression of CDTa phenotypes by a Dominant-Negative form of Rab11 or RNAi of the dedicated Rab11GEF Crag (DENND4). We also report that Calmodulin (Cam) is required to mediate CDTa activity. In parallel, chemical inhibition of the Cam/Calcineurin pathway by Cyclosporin A or FK506 also reduces CDTa phenotypes, potentially opening new avenues for treating CDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schwartz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Annabel Guichard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA; Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Nathalie C Franc
- Franc Consulting, San Diego, CA 92117-3314, USA; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sitara Roy
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA; Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA.
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30
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Saribas AS, Datta PK, Safak M. A comprehensive proteomics analysis of JC virus Agnoprotein-interacting proteins: Agnoprotein primarily targets the host proteins with coiled-coil motifs. Virology 2019; 540:104-118. [PMID: 31765920 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
JC virus (JCV) Agnoprotein (Agno) plays critical roles in successful completion of the viral replication cycle. Understanding its regulatory roles requires a complete map of JCV-host protein interactions. Here, we report the first Agno interactome with host cellular targets utilizing "Two-Strep-Tag" affinity purification system coupled with mass spectroscopy (AP/MS). Proteomics data revealed that Agno primarily targets 501 cellular proteins, most of which contain "coiled-coil" motifs. Agno-host interactions occur in several cellular networks including those involved in protein synthesis and degradation; and cellular transport; and in organelles, including mitochondria, nucleus and ER-Golgi network. Among the Agno interactions, Rab11B, Importin and Crm-1 were first validated biochemically and further characterization was done for Crm-1, using a HIV-1 Rev-M10-like Agno mutant (L33D + E34L), revealing the critical roles of L33 and E34 residues in Crm-1 interaction. This comprehensive proteomics data provides new foundations to unravel the critical regulatory roles of Agno during the JCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sami Saribas
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Prasun K Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mahmut Safak
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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31
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Nie Y, Yu S, Li Q, Nirala NK, Amcheslavsky A, Edwards YJK, Shum PW, Jiang Z, Wang W, Zhang B, Gao N, Ip YT. Oncogenic Pathways and Loss of the Rab11 GTPase Synergize To Alter Metabolism in Drosophila. Genetics 2019; 212:1227-1239. [PMID: 31213502 PMCID: PMC6707446 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a complex disease driven by well-established mutations such as APC and other yet to be identified pathways. The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking, and previously we showed that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. To test the idea that loss of Rab11 may promote cancer progression, we have analyzed archival human patient tissues and observed that 51 out of 70 colon cancer tissues had lower Rab11 protein staining. By using the Drosophila midgut model, we have found that loss of Rab11 can lead to three changes that may relate to cancer progression. First is the disruption of enterocyte polarity based on staining of the FERM domain protein Coracle. Second is an increased proliferation due to an increased expression of the JAK-STAT pathway ligand Upd3. Third is an increased expression of ImpL2, which is an IGFBP7 homolog and can suppress metabolism. Furthermore, loss of Rab11 can act synergistically with the oncoprotein RasV12 to regulate these cancer-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Nie
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Qi Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Niraj K Nirala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Alla Amcheslavsky
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Patrick W Shum
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Zhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Biliang Zhang
- Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Y Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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32
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Serwas NK, Hoeger B, Ardy RC, Stulz SV, Sui Z, Memaran N, Meeths M, Krolo A, Yüce Petronczki Ö, Pfajfer L, Hou TZ, Halliday N, Santos-Valente E, Kalinichenko A, Kennedy A, Mace EM, Mukherjee M, Tesi B, Schrempf A, Pickl WF, Loizou JI, Kain R, Bidmon-Fliegenschnee B, Schickel JN, Glauzy S, Huemer J, Garncarz W, Salzer E, Pierides I, Bilic I, Thiel J, Priftakis P, Banerjee PP, Förster-Waldl E, Medgyesi D, Huber WD, Orange JS, Meffre E, Sansom DM, Bryceson YT, Altman A, Boztug K. Human DEF6 deficiency underlies an immunodeficiency syndrome with systemic autoimmunity and aberrant CTLA-4 homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3106. [PMID: 31308374 PMCID: PMC6629652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses need to be controlled tightly to prevent autoimmune diseases, yet underlying molecular mechanisms remain partially understood. Here, we identify biallelic mutations in three patients from two unrelated families in differentially expressed in FDCP6 homolog (DEF6) as the molecular cause of an inborn error of immunity with systemic autoimmunity. Patient T cells exhibit impaired regulation of CTLA-4 surface trafficking associated with reduced functional CTLA-4 availability, which is replicated in DEF6-knockout Jurkat cells. Mechanistically, we identify the small GTPase RAB11 as an interactor of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DEF6, and find disrupted binding of mutant DEF6 to RAB11 as well as reduced RAB11+CTLA-4+ vesicles in DEF6-mutated cells. One of the patients has been treated with CTLA-4-Ig and achieved sustained remission. Collectively, we uncover DEF6 as player in immune homeostasis ensuring availability of the checkpoint protein CTLA-4 at T-cell surface, identifying a potential target for autoimmune and/or cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Serwas
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Birgit Hoeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rico C Ardy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrun V Stulz
- Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenhua Sui
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nima Memaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Paediatrics and Adoloscent Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Meeths
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Krolo
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Özlem Yüce Petronczki
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Pathophysiology of Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR1043, CNRS UMR5282, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Tie Z Hou
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Neil Halliday
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Artem Kalinichenko
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Malini Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bianca Tesi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Schrempf
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jean-Nicolas Schickel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jakob Huemer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wojciech Garncarz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Salzer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iro Pierides
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Bilic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Takeda (Shire), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Thiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Peter Priftakis
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pinaki P Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisabeth Förster-Waldl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Medgyesi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Huber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Li Y, Li KX, Hu WL, Ojcius DM, Fang JQ, Li SJ, Lin X, Yan J. Endocytic recycling and vesicular transport systems mediate transcytosis of Leptospira interrogans across cell monolayer. eLife 2019; 8:44594. [PMID: 31012847 PMCID: PMC6513555 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens can cause septicemia and spread from the bloodstream into internal organs. During leptospirosis, individuals are infected by contact with Leptospira-containing animal urine-contaminated water. The spirochetes invade internal organs after septicemia to cause disease aggravation, but the mechanism of leptospiral excretion and spreading remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Leptospira interrogans entered human/mouse endothelial and epithelial cells and fibroblasts by caveolae/integrin-β1-PI3K/FAK-mediated microfilament-dependent endocytosis to form Leptospira (Lep)-vesicles that did not fuse with lysosomes. Lep-vesicles recruited Rab5/Rab11 and Sec/Exo-SNARE proteins in endocytic recycling and vesicular transport systems for intracellular transport and release by SNARE-complex/FAK-mediated microfilament/microtubule-dependent exocytosis. Both intracellular leptospires and infected cells maintained their viability. Leptospiral propagation was only observed in mouse fibroblasts. Our study revealed that L. interrogans utilizes endocytic recycling and vesicular transport systems for transcytosis across endothelial or epithelial barrier in blood vessels or renal tubules, which contributes to spreading in vivo and transmission of leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jia-Qi Fang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Institute of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu'ai Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Basic Medical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Zhang P, Holowatyj AN, Roy T, Pronovost SM, Marchetti M, Liu H, Ulrich CM, Edgar BA. An SH3PX1-Dependent Endocytosis-Autophagy Network Restrains Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation by Counteracting EGFR-ERK Signaling. Dev Cell 2019; 49:574-589.e5. [PMID: 31006650 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of intracellular vesicle trafficking on stem-cell behavior is largely unexplored. We screened the Drosophila sorting nexins (SNXs) and discovered that one, SH3PX1, profoundly affects gut homeostasis and lifespan. SH3PX1 restrains intestinal stem cell (ISC) division through an endocytosis-autophagy network that includes Dynamin, Rab5, Rab7, Atg1, 5, 6, 7, 8a, 9, 12, 16, and Syx17. Blockages in this network stabilize ligand-activated EGFRs, recycling them via Rab11-dependent endosomes to the plasma membrane. This hyperactivated ERK, calcium signaling, and ER stress, autonomously stimulating ISC proliferation. The excess divisions induced epithelial stress, Yki activity, and Upd3 and Rhomboid production in enterocytes, catalyzing feedforward ISC hyperplasia. Similarly, blocking autophagy increased ERK activity in human cells. Many endocytosis-autophagy genes are mutated in cancers, most notably those enriched in microsatellite instable-high and KRAS-wild-type colorectal cancers. Disruptions in endocytosis and autophagy may provide an alternative route to RAS-ERK activation, resulting in EGFR-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andreana N Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Taylor Roy
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stephen M Pronovost
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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35
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Goto-Ito S, Morooka N, Yamagata A, Sato Y, Sato K, Fukai S. Structural basis of guanine nucleotide exchange for Rab11 by SH3BP5. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201900297. [PMID: 30872413 PMCID: PMC6419104 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPase family is a major regulator of membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells. The Rab11 subfamily plays important roles in specific trafficking events such as exocytosis, endosomal recycling, and cytokinesis. SH3BP5 and SH3BP5-like (SH3BP5L) proteins have recently been found to serve as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for Rab11. Here, we report the crystal structures of the SH3BP5 GEF domain alone and its complex with Rab11a. SH3BP5 exhibits a V-shaped structure comprising two coiled coils. The coiled coil composed of α1, and α4 is solely responsible for the Rab11a binding and GEF activity. SH3BP5 pulls out and deforms switch I of Rab11a so as to facilitate the GDP release from Rab11a. SH3BP5 interacts with the N-terminal region, switch I, interswitch, and switch II of Rab11a. SH3BP5 and SH3BP5L localize to Rab11-positive recycling endosomes and show GEF activity for all of the Rab11 family but not for Rab14. Fluorescence-based GEF assays combined with site-directed mutagenesis reveal the essential interactions between SH3BP5 and Rab11 family proteins for the GEF reaction on recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Goto-Ito
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Morooka
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamagata
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shuya Fukai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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36
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Amorim MJ. A Comprehensive Review on the Interaction Between the Host GTPase Rab11 and Influenza A Virus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 6:176. [PMID: 30687703 PMCID: PMC6333742 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This year marks the 100th anniversary of one of the deadliest pandemic outbreaks, commonly referred as the Spanish Flu, that was caused by influenza A virus (IAV). Since then, IAV has been in governmental agendas worldwide, and a lot of effort has been put into understanding the pathogen's lifecycle, predict and mitigate the emergence of the strains that provoke yearly epidemics and pandemic events. Despite decades of research and seminal contributions there is still a lot to be investigated. In particular for this review, IAV lifecycle that takes place inside the host cell is not fully understood. Two steps that need clarification include genome transport to budding sites and genome assembly, the latter a complex process challenged by the nature of IAV genome that is divided into eight distinct parts. Assembly of such segmented genome is crucial to form fully infectious viral particles but is also critical for the emergence of viruses with pandemic potential that arise when avian and human IAV strains co-infect a host. The host GTPase Rab11 was separately implicated in both steps, and, interestingly these processes are beginning to emerge as being intimately related. Rab11 was initially proposed to be involved in the budding/release of IAV virions. It was subsequently shown to transport progeny genome, and later proposed to promote assembly of viral genome, but the underlying bridging mechanism the two is far from clear. For simplicity, this Rab11-centric review provides an initial separate account of Rab11 involvement in genome transport and in assembly. IAV genome assembly is a complicated molecular biology process, and therefore earned a dedicated section on how/if the viral genome forms a genomic supramolecular complex. Both topics present intricate challenges, outstanding questions, and unique controversies. At the end of the review, I will explore possible mechanisms intertwining IAV vRNP transport and genome assembly. Importantly, Rab11 has recently emerged as a key factor subverted by evolutionary unrelated viral families (Paramyxo, Bunya, and Orthomyxoviruses, among many others) and bacteria (Salmonella and Shigella) relevant to human health. This review provides a framework to identify common biological principles among the lifecycles of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Amorim
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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37
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Endosomal trafficking defects in patient cells with KIAA1109 biallelic variants. Genes Dis 2019; 6:56-67. [PMID: 30906834 PMCID: PMC6411657 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uncharacterized gene KIAA1 109 has recently been associated with a congenital neurological malformation disorder that variably presents with arthrogryposis, craniofacial and/or cardiac abnormalities. We have identified two additional patients with compound heterozygous KIAA1109 variants presenting with the same neurological malformations. The mechanism whereby KIAA1109 loss of function causes this spectrum of disorders was the primary focus of our studies. We hypothesized that KIAA1109 function could be conserved relative to the fly gene tweek and examined endocytosis and endosome recycling in patient fibroblasts. Furthermore, we examined the structure of the cytoskeleton and cilia based on functional overlap with endocytosis and several known etiologies for neuronal migration disorders. Utilizing primary dermal fibroblasts from one patient and a healthy donor, we performed immunofluorescence and endocytosis assays to examine the endosomal, cytoskeletal, and ciliary cellular phenotypes. We found notable abnormalities in endosomal trafficking and endosome recycling pathways. We also observed changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cilia structural dynamics. We conclude that the function of KIAA1109 in humans may indeed overlap with the function of the Drosophila ortholog, resulting in perturbations to endosomal trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton. These alterations have ripple effects, altering many pathways that are critical for proper neuronal migration and embryonic development.
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38
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Perkins DJ, Richard K, Hansen AM, Lai W, Nallar S, Koller B, Vogel SN. Autocrine-paracrine prostaglandin E 2 signaling restricts TLR4 internalization and TRIF signaling. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1309-1318. [PMID: 30397349 PMCID: PMC6240378 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unique cell biology of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) allows it to initiate two signal transduction cascades: a Mal (TIRAP)–MyD88-dependent signal from the cell surface that regulates proinflammatory cytokines and a TRAM–TRIF-dependent signal from endosomes that drives type I interferon production. Negative feedback circuits to limit TLR4 signals from both locations are necessary to balance the inflammatory response. We describe a negative feedback loop driven by autocrine-paracrine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the PGE2 receptor, EP4, which restricted TRIF-dependent signals and IFN-β induction through regulation of TLR4 trafficking. Inhibition of PGE2 production or EP4 antagonism increased the rate of TLR4 endosomal translocation, and amplified TRIF-dependent IRF3 and caspase 8 activation. This PGE2-driven mechanism restricted TLR4-TRIF signaling in vitro upon infection of macrophages by Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium and protected mice against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium (ST)-induced mortality. Thus, PGE2 restricts TLR4-TRIF signaling specifically in response to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Perkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Katharina Richard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shreeram Nallar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beverly Koller
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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39
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Identification of Host Factors Involved in Human Cytomegalovirus Replication, Assembly, and Egress Using a Two-Step Small Interfering RNA Screen. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00716-18. [PMID: 29946045 PMCID: PMC6020295 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00716-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are completely dependent on host factors for replication. Assembly and egress of complex virus particles, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), are likely to require many host factors. Despite this, relatively few have been identified and characterized. This study describes a novel high-throughput, two-step small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen, which independently measures virus replication and virus production. By combining data from replication and virus production, multiple candidate genes were identified in which knockdown resulted in substantial loss of virus production with limited effect on primary replication, suggesting roles in later stages such as virus assembly and egress. Knockdown of the top candidates, ERC1, RAB4B, COPA, and COPB2, caused profound loss of virus production. Despite COPA and COPB2 being reported to function in the same complex, knockdown of these genes produced distinct phenotypes. Furthermore, knockdown of COPA caused increased expression of viral late genes despite substantial inhibition of viral DNA replication. This suggests that efficient viral genome replication is not required for late gene expression. Finally, we show that RAB4B relocates to the viral assembly compartment following infection with HCMV and knockdown of RAB4B reduces the release of intact virion particles, suggesting that it plays a role in virion assembly and egress. This study demonstrates a powerful high-throughput screen for identification of host-virus interactions, identifies multiple host genes associated with HCMV assembly and egress, and uncovers potentially independent functions for coatomer components COPA and COPB2 during infection. Human cytomegalovirus infection is a significant cause of disease in immunocompromised populations, individuals with heart disease, and recipients of solid organ and bone marrow transplants. HCMV is also the leading cause of infectious congenital birth defects. The majority of antivirals in clinical use target components of the virus to specifically inhibit replication. However, a major drawback of this approach is the emergence of resistance. An alternative approach is to target host factors that the virus requires for successful infection. In this study, multiple host factors were identified that were found to be essential for the production of newly infectious human cytomegalovirus. Identifying which host genes are necessary for virus replication extends our understanding of how viruses replicate and how cells function and provides potential targets for novel antivirals.
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40
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Raza S, Alvisi G, Shahin F, Husain U, Rabbani M, Yaqub T, Anjum AA, Sheikh AA, Nawaz M, Ali MA. Role of Rab GTPases in HSV-1 infection: Molecular understanding of viral maturation and egress. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:146-153. [PMID: 29551438 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most enveloped viruses exploit complex cellular pathways for assembly and egress from the host cell, and the large DNA virus Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) makes no exception, hijacking several cellular transport pathways for its glycoprotein trafficking and maturation, as well as for viral morphogenesis and egress according to the envelopment, de-envelopment and re-envelopment model. Importantly Rab GTPases, widely distributed master regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, have recently being tightly implicated in such process. Indeed, siRNA-mediated genetic ablation of specific Rab proteins differently affected HSV-1 production, suggesting a complex role of different Rab proteins in HSV-1 life cycle. In this review, we discuss how different Rabs can regulate HSV-1 assembly/egress and the potential therapeutic applications of such findings for the management of HSV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Raza
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Farzana Shahin
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Urooj Husain
- Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabbani
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Ali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Joachimiak Ł, Marchwicka A, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazole-Bearing α-Phosphonocarboxylates as Inhibitors of Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase (RGGT). ChemMedChem 2018; 13:842-851. [PMID: 29498238 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT) is an interesting therapeutic target, as it ensures proper functioning of Rab GTPases, a class of enzymes responsible for the regulation of vesicle trafficking. Relying on our previous studies, we synthesized a set of new α-phosphonocarboxylic acids as potential RGGT inhibitors, with emphasis on the elaboration of imidazole-containing analogues. We identified two compounds with activity similar to that of previously reported RGGT inhibitors, showing structural similarity to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-containing analogues in terms of their substitution pattern. Interestingly, analogues of the N-series, derived from another phosphonocarboxylate RGGT inhibitor, 2-fluoro-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-phosphonopropanoic acid, turned out to be inactive in our model, indicating that an additional substituent localized at positions C2 or C4 of the imidazole ring, may adversely affect the potency against the targeted enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Joachimiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Żeromskiego Str. 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Stefanowskiego Str. 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Stefanowskiego Str. 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Żeromskiego Str. 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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42
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Yurchenko M, Skjesol A, Ryan L, Richard GM, Kandasamy RK, Wang N, Terhorst C, Husebye H, Espevik T. SLAMF1 is required for TLR4-mediated TRAM-TRIF-dependent signaling in human macrophages. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1411-1429. [PMID: 29440514 PMCID: PMC5881497 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201707027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yurchenko et al. discover that the Ig-like receptor molecule SLAMF1 enhances production of type I interferon induced by Gram-negative bacteria through modulation of MyD88-independent TLR4 signaling. This makes SLAMF1 a potential target for controlling inflammatory responses against Gram-negative bacteria. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 1 (SLAMF1) is an Ig-like receptor and a costimulatory molecule that initiates signal transduction networks in a variety of immune cells. In this study, we report that SLAMF1 is required for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated induction of interferon β (IFNβ) and for killing of Gram-negative bacteria by human macrophages. We found that SLAMF1 controls trafficking of the Toll receptor–associated molecule (TRAM) from the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) to Escherichia coli phagosomes. In resting macrophages, SLAMF1 is localized to ERC, but upon addition of E. coli, it is trafficked together with TRAM from ERC to E. coli phagosomes in a Rab11-dependent manner. We found that endogenous SLAMF1 protein interacted with TRAM and defined key interaction domains as amino acids 68 to 95 of TRAM as well as 15 C-terminal amino acids of SLAMF1. Interestingly, the SLAMF1–TRAM interaction was observed for human but not mouse proteins. Overall, our observations suggest that SLAMF1 is a new target for modulation of TLR4–TRAM–TRIF inflammatory signaling in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yurchenko
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway .,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Skjesol
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gabriel Mary Richard
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard Kumaran Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Harald Husebye
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
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43
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Influenza A Virus M2 Protein: Roles from Ingress to Egress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122649. [PMID: 29215568 PMCID: PMC5751251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein 2 (M2) is among the smallest bona fide, hence extensively studied, ion channel proteins. The M2 ion channel activity is not only essential for virus replication, but also involved in modulation of cellular homeostasis in a variety of ways. It is also the target for ion channel inhibitors, i.e., anti-influenza drugs. Thus far, several studies have been conducted to elucidate its biophysical characteristics, structure-function relationships of the ion channel, and the M2-host interactome. In this review, we discuss M2 protein synthesis and assembly into an ion channel, its roles in IAV replication, and the pathophysiological impact on the host cell.
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Influenza virus genome reaches the plasma membrane via a modified endoplasmic reticulum and Rab11-dependent vesicles. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1396. [PMID: 29123131 PMCID: PMC5680169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of neo-synthesized influenza A virus (IAV) viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) from the nucleus to the plasma membrane involves Rab 11 but the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. We used metal-tagging and immunolabeling to visualize viral proteins and cellular endomembrane markers by electron microscopy of IAV-infected cells. Unexpectedly, we provide evidence that the vRNP components and the Rab11 protein are present at the membrane of a modified, tubulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that extends all throughout the cell, and on irregularly coated vesicles (ICVs). Some ICVs are found very close to the ER and to the plasma membrane. ICV formation is observed only in infected cells and requires an active Rab11 GTPase. Against the currently accepted model in which vRNPs are carried onto Rab11-positive recycling endosomes across the cytoplasm, our findings reveal that the endomembrane organelle that is primarily involved in the transport of vRNPs is the ER. Transport of neo-synthesized influenza A virus viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) from the nucleus to the plasma membrane involves Rab 11 but the mechanism is unclear. Here the authors show that vRNPs are transported through a modified Rab11-positive endoplasmic reticulum and Rab11-dependent vesicles.
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45
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Lakdawala SS, Fodor E, Subbarao K. Moving On Out: Transport and Packaging of Influenza Viral RNA into Virions. Annu Rev Virol 2017; 3:411-427. [PMID: 27741407 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses bear an eight-segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome that is replicated in the nucleus. Newly synthesized viral RNA (vRNA) segments are exported from the nucleus and transported to the plasma membrane for packaging into progeny virions. Influenza viruses exploit many host proteins during these events, and this is the portion of the viral life cycle when genetic reassortment among influenza viruses occurs. Reassortment among influenza A viruses allows viruses to expand their host range, virulence, and pandemic potential. This review covers recent studies on the export of vRNAs from the nucleus and their transport through the cytoplasm, progressive assembly, and packaging into progeny virus particles. Understanding these events and the constraints on genetic reassortment has implications for assessment of the pandemic potential of newly emerged influenza viruses, for vaccine production, for determination of viral fitness, and for identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema S Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Ervin Fodor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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46
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Kaźmierczak A, Kusy D, Niinivehmas SP, Gmach J, Joachimiak Ł, Pentikäinen OT, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. Identification of the Privileged Position in the Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Ring of Phosphonocarboxylates for Development of Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase (RGGT) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8781-8800. [PMID: 28953373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Rab GTPase family are master regulators of vesicle trafficking. When disregulated, they are associated with a number of pathological states. The inhibition of RGGT, an enzyme responsible for post-translational geranylgeranylation of Rab GTPases represents one way to control the activity of these proteins. Because the number of molecules modulating RGGT is limited, we combined molecular modeling with biological assays to ascertain how modifications of phosphonocarboxylates, the first reported RGGT inhibitors, rationally improve understanding of their structure-activity relationship. We have identified the privileged position in the core scaffold of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring, which can be modified without compromising compounds' potency. Thus modified compounds are micromolar inhibitors of Rab11A prenylation, simultaneously being inactive against Rap1A/Rap1B modification, with the ability to inhibit proliferation of the HeLa cancer cell line. These findings were rationalized by molecular docking, which recognized interaction of phosphonic and carboxylic groups as decisive in phosphonocarboxylate localization in the RGGT binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology , Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sanna P Niinivehmas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joanna Gmach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Joachimiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology , Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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47
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Loss of Myosin Vb in colorectal cancer is a strong prognostic factor for disease recurrence. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1689-1701. [PMID: 29024942 PMCID: PMC5729446 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Selecting the most beneficial treatment regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remains challenging due to a lack of prognostic markers. Members of the Myosin family, proteins recognised to have a major role in trafficking and polarisation of cells, have recently been reported to be closely associated with several types of cancer and might thus serve as potential prognostic markers in the context of CRC. Methods: We used a previously established meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression data to analyse the expression of different members of the Myosin V family, namely MYO5A, 5B, and 5C, in CRC. Using laser-microdissected material as well as tissue microarrays from paired human CRC samples, we validated both RNA and protein expression of Myosin Vb (MYO5B) and its known adapter proteins (RAB8A and RAB25) in an independent patient cohort. Finally, we assessed the prognostic value of both MYO5B and its adapter-coupled combinatorial gene expression signatures. Results: The meta-analysis as well as an independent patient cohort study revealed a methylation-independent loss of MYO5B expression in CRC that matched disease progression. Although MYO5B mutations were identified in a small number of patients, these cannot be solely responsible for the common downregulation observed in CRC patients. Significantly, CRC patients with low MYO5B expression displayed shorter overall, disease-, and metastasis-free survival, a trend that was further reinforced when RAB8A expression was also taken into account. Conclusions: Our data identify MYO5B as a powerful prognostic biomarker in CRC, especially in early stages (stages I and II), which might help stratifying patients with stage II for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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48
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Guichard A, Jain P, Moayeri M, Schwartz R, Chin S, Zhu L, Cruz-Moreno B, Liu JZ, Aguilar B, Hollands A, Leppla SH, Nizet V, Bier E. Anthrax edema toxin disrupts distinct steps in Rab11-dependent junctional transport. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006603. [PMID: 28945820 PMCID: PMC5612732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various bacterial toxins circumvent host defenses through overproduction of cAMP. In a previous study, we showed that edema factor (EF), an adenylate cyclase from Bacillus anthracis, disrupts endocytic recycling mediated by the small GTPase Rab11. As a result, cargo proteins such as cadherins fail to reach inter-cellular junctions. In the present study, we provide further mechanistic dissection of Rab11 inhibition by EF using a combination of Drosophila and mammalian systems. EF blocks Rab11 trafficking after the GTP-loading step, preventing a constitutively active form of Rab11 from delivering cargo vesicles to the plasma membrane. Both of the primary cAMP effector pathways -PKA and Epac/Rap1- contribute to inhibition of Rab11-mediated trafficking, but act at distinct steps of the delivery process. PKA acts early, preventing Rab11 from associating with its effectors Rip11 and Sec15. In contrast, Epac functions subsequently via the small GTPase Rap1 to block fusion of recycling endosomes with the plasma membrane, and appears to be the primary effector of EF toxicity in this process. Similarly, experiments conducted in mammalian systems reveal that Epac, but not PKA, mediates the activity of EF both in cell culture and in vivo. The small GTPase Arf6, which initiates endocytic retrieval of cell adhesion components, also contributes to junctional homeostasis by counteracting Rab11-dependent delivery of cargo proteins at sites of cell-cell contact. These studies have potentially significant practical implications, since chemical inhibition of either Arf6 or Epac blocks the effect of EF in cell culture and in vivo, opening new potential therapeutic avenues for treating symptoms caused by cAMP-inducing toxins or related barrier-disrupting pathologies. Recent anthrax outbreaks in Zambia and northern Russia and biodefense preparedness highlight the need for new therapies to counteract fatal late-stage pathologies in patients infected with Bacillus anthracis. Indeed, two toxins secreted by this pathogen—edema toxin (ET) and lethal toxin (LT)—can cause death in face of effective antibiotic treatment. ET, a potent adenylate cyclase, severely impacts host cells and tissues through an overproduction of the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Previously, we identified Rab11 as a key host factor inhibited by ET. Blockade of Rab11-dependent endocytic recycling resulted in the disruption of intercellular junctions, likely contributing to life threatening vascular effusion observed in anthrax patients. Here we present a multi-system analysis of the mechanism by which EF inhibits Rab11 and exocyst-dependent trafficking. Epistasis experiments in Drosophila reveal that over-activation of the cAMP effectors PKA and Epac/Rap1 interferes with Rab11-mediated trafficking at two distinct steps. We further describe conserved roles of Epac and the small GTPase Arf6 in ET-mediated disruption of vesicular trafficking and show how chemical inhibition of either pathway greatly alleviates ET-induced edema. Thus, our study defines Epac and Arf6 as promising drug targets for the treatment of infectious diseases and other pathologies involving cAMP overload or related barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Guichard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Prashant Jain
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ruth Schwartz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen Chin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhu
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Cruz-Moreno
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Janet Z. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Bernice Aguilar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hollands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Leppla
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Miao Y, Bist P, Wu J, Zhao Q, Li QJ, Wan Y, Abraham SN. Collaboration between Distinct Rab Small GTPase Trafficking Circuits Mediates Bacterial Clearance from the Bladder Epithelium. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:330-342.e4. [PMID: 28910634 PMCID: PMC5659305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rab small GTPases control membrane trafficking through effectors that recruit downstream mediators such as motor proteins. Subcellular trafficking typically involves multiple Rabs, with each specific step mediated by a distinct Rab protein. We describe a collaboration between two distinct Rab-protein-orchestrated trafficking circuits in bladder epithelial cells (BECs) that expels intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from their intracellular niche. RAB11a and RAB27b and their trafficking circuitry are simultaneously involved in UPEC expulsion. While RAB11a recruits its effector RAB11FIP3 and cytoskeletal motor Dynein, RAB27b mobilizes the effector MyRIP and motor Myosin VIIa to mediate bacterial expulsion. This collaboration is coordinated by deposition of the exocyst complex on bacteria-containing vesicles, an event triggered by the innate receptor Toll-like receptor 4. Both RAB11a and RAB27b are recruited and activated by the exocyst complex components SEC6/SEC15. Thus, the cell autonomous defense system can mobilize and coalesce multiple subcellular trafficking circuitries to combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Miao
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Pradeep Bist
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jianxuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Law, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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50
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Acquisition of Rab11 and Rab11-Fip2-A novel strategy for Chlamydia pneumoniae early survival. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006556. [PMID: 28787457 PMCID: PMC5560749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial steps in chlamydial infection involve adhesion and internalization into host cells and, most importantly, modification of the nascent inclusion to establish the intracellular niche. Here, we show that Chlamydia pneumoniae enters host cells via EGFR-dependent endocytosis into an early endosome with a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) membrane identity. Immediately after entry, the early chlamydial inclusion acquires early endosomal Rab GTPases including Rab4, Rab5, Rab7, as well as the two recycling-specific Rabs Rab11 and Rab14. While Rab5, Rab11 and Rab14 are retained in the vesicular membrane, Rab4 and Rab7 soon disappear. Loss of Rab7 enables the C. pneumoniae inclusion to escape delivery to, and degradation in lysosomes. Loss of Rab4 and retention of Rab11/ Rab14 designates the inclusion as a slowly recycling endosome—that is protected from degradation. Furthermore, we show that the Rab11/ Rab14 adaptor protein Rab11-Fip2 (Fip2) is recruited to the nascent inclusion upon internalization and retained in the membrane throughout infection. siRNA knockdown of Fip2 demonstrated that the protein is essential for internalization and infection, and expression of various deletion variants revealed that Fip2 regulates the intracellular positioning of the inclusion. Additionally, we show that binding to Rab11 and Fip2 recruits the unconventional actin motor protein myosin Vb to the early inclusion and that together they regulate the relocation of the nascent inclusion from the cell periphery to the perinuclear region, its final destination. Here, we characterize for the first time inclusion identity and inclusion-associated proteins to delineate how C. pneumoniae establishes the intracellular niche essential for its survival. Here, we show for the first time how Chlamydia pneumoniae an obligate intracellular pathogen establishes its intracellular niche. After EGFR-dependent endocytosis into host cells, the nascent chlamydial inclusion acquires early endosomal membrane identity and the Rab GTPases Rab4, Rab5 and Rab7, as well as the recycling-specific Rab11 and Rab14. We show that Rab5, Rab11 and Rab14 are retained in the vesicular membrane, while Rab4 and Rab7 subsequently disappear. Thus, C. pneumoniae escapes lysosomal degradation by hiding in a recycling endosome vesicle. Furthermore, we show that the Rab11/Rab14 adaptor protein Rab11-Fip2 (Fip2), together with the unconventional actin motor protein myosin Vb, is recruited to the nascent inclusion. Both are essential for internalization and infection, as they regulate the intracellular positioning of the inclusion, which is essential for intracellular transport from the cell periphery to the perinuclear region. Here, we characterize for the first time inclusion identity and inclusion-associated proteins to understand how C. pneumoniae establishes the intracellular niche, which is essential for its survival.
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