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Jin H, Li M, Jeong E, Castro-Martinez F, Zuker CS. A body-brain circuit that regulates body inflammatory responses. Nature 2024; 630:695-703. [PMID: 38692285 PMCID: PMC11186780 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The body-brain axis is emerging as a principal conductor of organismal physiology. It senses and controls organ function1,2, metabolism3 and nutritional state4-6. Here we show that a peripheral immune insult strongly activates the body-brain axis to regulate immune responses. We demonstrate that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines communicate with distinct populations of vagal neurons to inform the brain of an emerging inflammatory response. In turn, the brain tightly modulates the course of the peripheral immune response. Genetic silencing of this body-brain circuit produced unregulated and out-of-control inflammatory responses. By contrast, activating, rather than silencing, this circuit affords neural control of immune responses. We used single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with functional imaging, to identify the circuit components of this neuroimmune axis, and showed that its selective manipulation can effectively suppress the pro-inflammatory response while enhancing an anti-inflammatory state. The brain-evoked transformation of the course of an immune response offers new possibilities in the modulation of a wide range of immune disorders, from autoimmune diseases to cytokine storm and shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mengtong Li
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Jeong
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charles S Zuker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Mert S, Çalışkan İ, Koruk S. The Effect of Thirst, Dry Mouth, Mouth Taste, and Bad Mouth Odor in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01114-0. [PMID: 38795086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effect of menthol ice application on thirst, dry mouth, mouth taste, and bad mouth odor in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the postoperative period. DESIGN The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with an experimental design. METHODS The study sample consisted of 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into three groups by randomization program. Patients in the menthol ice and ice popsicle (ice prepared with drinking water only) group were administered menthol ice/ice popsicle (10 mL) twice at 20 minutes intervals. Patients in the control group did not receive any intervention. Routine practices of the clinic were performed by the nurses of the general surgery clinic. Postoperative thirst intensity, severity of dry mouth, bad taste, and bad odor in the mouth were evaluated at 0, 20, and 40 minutes. FINDINGS No statistically significant difference was found between the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the control group, menthol ice group, and ice popsicle group (P > .05). A statistically significant difference was found between the 3 groups in terms of thirst intensity and severity of dry mouth at times at the 20th and 40th minutes after the application (P < .01). We found a statistically significant difference between the bad taste and bad odor sensation scores of the patients in the control and intervention groups at the 20th and 40th minutes after the application (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that menthol ice and ice popsicle application are effective strategies to reduce the intensity of thirst, severity of dry mouth, bad taste, and bad odor in postoperative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Mert
- İstanbul Galata University, Vocational School, Anesthesia program, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlknur Çalışkan
- Izmir Tinaztepe Unıversity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senem Koruk
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İstanbul, Turkey
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3
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Zhao Z, Covelo A, Couderc Y, Mitra A, Varilh M, Wu Y, Jacky D, Fayad R, Cannich A, Bellocchio L, Marsicano G, Beyeler A. Cannabinoids regulate an insula circuit controlling water intake. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1918-1929.e5. [PMID: 38636514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The insular cortex, or insula, is a large brain region involved in the detection of thirst and the regulation of water intake. However, our understanding of the topographical, circuit, and molecular mechanisms for controlling water intake within the insula remains parcellated. We found that type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the insular cortex cells participate in the regulation of water intake and deconstructed the circuit mechanisms of this control. Topographically, we revealed that the activity of excitatory neurons in both the anterior insula (aIC) and posterior insula (pIC) increases in response to water intake, yet only the specific removal of CB1 receptors in the pIC decreases water intake. Interestingly, we found that CB1 receptors are highly expressed in insula projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA), while undetectable in the neighboring central part of the amygdala. Thus, we recorded the neurons of the aIC or pIC targeting the BLA (aIC-BLA and pIC-BLA) and found that they decreased their activity upon water drinking. Additionally, chemogenetic activation of pIC-BLA projection neurons decreased water intake. Finally, we uncovered CB1-dependent short-term synaptic plasticity (depolarization-induced suppression of excitation [DSE]) selectively in pIC-BLA, compared with aIC-BLA synapses. Altogether, our results support a model where CB1 receptor signaling promotes water intake by inhibiting the pIC-BLA pathway, thereby contributing to the fine top-down control of thirst responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ana Covelo
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoni Couderc
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Arojit Mitra
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yifan Wu
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Débora Jacky
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rim Fayad
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anna Beyeler
- INSERM 1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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4
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Buryskova Salajova K, Malik J, Valerianova A. Cardiorenal Syndromes and Their Role in Water and Sodium Homeostasis. Physiol Res 2024; 73:173-187. [PMID: 38710052 PMCID: PMC11081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium is the main osmotically active ion in the extracellular fluid and its concentration goes hand in hand with fluid volume. Under physiological conditions, homeostasis of sodium and thus amount of fluid is regulated by neural and humoral interconnection of body tissues and organs. Both heart and kidneys are crucial in maintaining volume status. Proper kidney function is necessary to excrete regulated amount of water and solutes and adequate heart function is inevitable to sustain renal perfusion pressure, oxygen supply etc. As these organs are bidirectionally interconnected, injury of one leads to dysfunction of another. This condition is known as cardiorenal syndrome. It is divided into five subtypes regarding timeframe and pathophysiology of the onset. Hemodynamic effects include congestion, decreased cardiac output, but also production of natriuretic peptides. Renal congestion and hypoperfusion leads to kidney injury and maladaptive activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system. In cardiorenal syndromes sodium and water excretion is impaired leading to volume overload and far-reaching negative consequences, including higher morbidity and mortality of these patients. Keywords: Cardiorenal syndrome, Renocardiac syndrome, Volume overload, Sodium retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buryskova Salajova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jaramillo JCM, Aitken CM, Lawrence AJ, Ryan PJ. Oxytocin-receptor-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus activate widespread brain regions predominantly involved in fluid satiation. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102403. [PMID: 38452468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Fluid satiation is an important signal and aspect of body fluid homeostasis. Oxytocin-receptor-expressing neurons (OxtrPBN) in the dorsolateral subdivision of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (dl LPBN) are key neurons which regulate fluid satiation. In the present study, we investigated brain regions activated by stimulation of OxtrPBN neurons in order to better characterise the fluid satiation neurocircuitry in mice. Chemogenetic activation of OxtrPBN neurons increased Fos expression (a proxy marker for neuronal activation) in known fluid-regulating brain nuclei, as well as other regions that have unclear links to fluid regulation and which are likely involved in regulating other functions such as arousal and stress relief. In addition, we analysed and compared Fos expression patterns between chemogenetically-activated fluid satiation and physiological-induced fluid satiation. Both models of fluid satiation activated similar brain regions, suggesting that the chemogenetic model of stimulating OxtrPBN neurons is a relevant model of physiological fluid satiation. A deeper understanding of this neural circuit may lead to novel molecular targets and creation of therapeutic agents to treat fluid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C M Jaramillo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Connor M Aitken
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Ryan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Çelik SŞ, Mert S, Arslan HN. The Effect of Cold Oral Applications in the Management of Postoperative Thirst: A Systematic Review. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01064-X. [PMID: 38556965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thirst is one of the most bothersome symptoms experienced by surgical patients. Effective thirst intervention and management in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and hospital wards is critical because patients are less sedated and more aware than in the past. There is a need to review the literature on the identification and management of thirst in the inpatient and PACU settings. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of oral cold applications on thirst in postoperative patients. DESIGN This was a systematic review study. Articles in PUBMED, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM, and TRDizin databases between January 2008 and January 2023 that included oral cold applications to relieve the thirst of patients in the postoperative period were included. METHODS The PICOT-SD (Patients Interventions Comparison Outcome Time-Study Design) method was used as an eligibility criterion for inclusion in the study. The eligibility criteria included that the articles were written in English-Turkish and within the target dates, the studies included nursing interventions, the primary outcome of the studies was thirst, and the study sample included postoperative patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool developed by Cochrane. FINDINGS A total of 254 articles were retrieved from the databases using the specified keywords. 244 articles did not meet the study criteria: 30 were excluded because they were not interventional studies, 61 were not conducted in a postoperative population, 56 were duplicates, and 79 were not on a related topic. A total of 10 studies consisting of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental articles met the criteria for our review. Oral cold applications effectively reduced the thirst rate of postoperative patients and improved their health-related quality of life. The intervention has also been shown to reduce other anesthesia-related complications. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concluded that cold oral applications have promising effects on thirst, dry mouth, and health-related quality of life. Cold oral applications are cost-effective and suitable for large-scale health care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabiha Mert
- Istanbul Galata University, Vocational School, Anesthesia Program, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Junkins MS, Feng NY, Murphy LA, Curtis G, Merriman DK, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Neural control of fluid homeostasis is engaged below 10°C in hibernation. Curr Biol 2024; 34:923-930.e5. [PMID: 38325375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) hibernate for several months each winter without access to water,1 but the mechanisms that maintain fluid homeostasis during hibernation are poorly understood. In torpor, when body temperature (TB) reaches 4°C, squirrels decrease metabolism, slow heart rate, and reduce plasma levels of the antidiuretic hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT).1 Squirrels spontaneously undergo interbout arousal (IBA) every 2 weeks, temporarily recovering an active-like metabolism and a TB of 37°C for up to 48 h.1,2 Despite the low levels of AVP and OXT during torpor, profound increases in blood pressure and heart rate during the torpor-IBA transition are not associated with massive fluid loss, suggesting the existence of a mechanism that protects against diuresis at a low TB. Here, we demonstrate that the antidiuretic hormone release pathway is activated by hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons early in the torpor-arousal transition. SON neuron activity, dense-core vesicle release from the posterior pituitary, and plasma hormone levels all begin to increase before TB reaches 10°C. In vivo fiber photometry of SON neurons from hibernating squirrels, together with RNA sequencing and c-FOS immunohistochemistry, confirms that SON is electrically, transcriptionally, and translationally active to monitor blood osmolality throughout the dynamic torpor-arousal transition. Our work emphasizes the importance of the antidiuretic pathway during the torpor-arousal transition and reveals that the neurophysiological mechanism that coordinates the hormonal response to retain fluid is active at an extremely low TB, which is prohibitive for these processes in non-hibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S Junkins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ni Y Feng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Neuroscience & Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.
| | - Lyle A Murphy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Genevieve Curtis
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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8
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Wang RL, Chang RB. The Coding Logic of Interoception. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:301-327. [PMID: 38061018 PMCID: PMC11103614 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-023455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to precisely and timely sense internal body signals, is critical for life. The interoceptive system monitors a large variety of mechanical, chemical, hormonal, and pathological cues using specialized organ cells, organ innervating neurons, and brain sensory neurons. It is important for maintaining body homeostasis, providing motivational drives, and regulating autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral functions. However, compared to external sensory systems, our knowledge about how diverse body signals are coded at a system level is quite limited. In this review, we focus on the unique features of interoceptive signals and the organization of the interoceptive system, with the goal of better understanding the coding logic of interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi L Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
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Kim HK, Choi SH, Kim DH, Jeong YT. Comprehensive mapping of Epithelial Na + channel α expression in the mouse brain. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-023-02755-3. [PMID: 38305875 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is responsible for regulating Na+ homeostasis. While its physiological functions have been investigated extensively in peripheral tissues, far fewer studies have explored its functions in the brain. Since our limited knowledge of ENaC's distribution in the brain impedes our understanding of its functions there, we decided to explore the whole-brain expression pattern of the Scnn1a gene, which encodes the core ENaC complex component ENaCα. To visualize Scnn1a expression in the brain, we crossed Scnn1a-Cre mice with Rosa26-lsl-tdTomato mice. Brain sections were subjected to immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against NeuN or Myelin Binding Protein (MBP), followed by the acquisition of confocal images. We observed robust tdTomato fluorescence not only in the soma of cortical layer 4, the thalamus, and a subset of amygdalar nuclei, but also in axonal projections in the hippocampus and striatum. We also observed expression in specific hypothalamic nuclei. Contrary to previous reports, however, we did not detect significant expression in the circumventricular organs, which are known for their role in regulating Na+ balance. Finally, we detected fluorescence in cells lining the ventricles and in the perivascular cells of the median eminence. Our comprehensive mapping of Scnn1a-expressing cells in the brain will provide a solid foundation for further investigations of the physiological roles ENaC plays within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Kyeong Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Matsuda T, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi K, Noda M. Two parabrachial Cck neurons involved in the feedback control of thirst or salt appetite. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113619. [PMID: 38157299 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirst and salt appetite are temporarily suppressed after water and salt ingestion, respectively, before absorption; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is the relay center of ingestion signals from the digestive organs. We herein identify two distinct neuronal populations expressing cholecystokinin (Cck) mRNA in the lateral PBN that are activated in response to water and salt intake, respectively. The two Cck neurons in the dorsal-lateral compartment of the PBN project to the median preoptic nucleus and ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, respectively. The optogenetic stimulation of respective Cck neurons suppresses thirst or salt appetite under water- or salt-depleted conditions. The combination of optogenetics and in vivo Ca2+ imaging during ingestion reveals that both Cck neurons control GABAergic neurons in their target nuclei. These findings provide the feedback mechanisms for the suppression of thirst and salt appetite after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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Miyamichi K. Neural basis for behavioral plasticity during the parental life-stage transition in mice. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 17:1340497. [PMID: 38298741 PMCID: PMC10829089 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1340497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parental care plays a crucial role in the physical and mental well-being of mammalian offspring. Although sexually naïve male mice, as well as certain strains of female mice, display aggression toward pups, they exhibit heightened parental caregiving behaviors as they approach the time of anticipating their offspring. In this Mini Review, I provide a concise overview of the current understanding of distinct limbic neural types and their circuits governing both aggressive and caregiving behaviors toward infant mice. Subsequently, I delve into recent advancements in the understanding of the molecular, cellular, and neural circuit mechanisms that regulate behavioral plasticity during the transition to parenthood, with a specific focus on the sex steroid hormone estrogen and neural hormone oxytocin. Additionally, I explore potential sex-related differences and highlight some critical unanswered questions that warrant further investigation.
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12
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Yang G, Jia M, Li G, Zang YY, Chen YY, Wang YY, Zhan SY, Peng SX, Wan G, Li W, Yang JJ, Shi YS. TMEM63B channel is the osmosensor required for thirst drive of interoceptive neurons. Cell Discov 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38172113 PMCID: PMC10764952 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirst plays a vital role in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and if deregulated can be life-threatening. Interoceptive neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) are intrinsically osmosensitive and their activation by hyperosmolarity is necessary and sufficient for generating thirst. However, the primary molecules sensing systemic osmolarity in these neurons remain elusive. Here we show that the mechanosensitive TMEM63B cation channel is the osmosensor required for the interoceptive neurons to drive thirst. TMEM63B channel is highly expressed in the excitatory SFO thirst neurons. TMEM63B deletion in these neurons impaired hyperosmolarity-induced drinking behavior, while re-expressing TMEM63B in SFO restored water appetite in TMEM63B-deficient mice. Remarkably, hyperosmolarity activates TMEM63B channels, leading to depolarization and increased firing rate of the interoceptive neurons, which drives drinking behavior. Furthermore, TMEM63B deletion did not affect sensitivities of the SFO neurons to angiotensin II or hypoosmolarity, suggesting that TMEM63B plays a specialized role in detecting hyperosmolarity in SFO neurons. Thus, our results reveal a critical osmosensor molecule for the generation of thirst perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guizhou Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xiao Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Faesel N, Koch M, Fendt M. Orexin deficiency modulates the dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II in a sex-dependent manner. Peptides 2024; 171:171127. [PMID: 38043589 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptide system is an important regulator of ingestive behaviors, i.e., it promotes food and water intake. Here, we investigated the role of orexin in drinking induced by the potent dipsogen angiotensin II (ANG II). Specifically, male and female orexin-deficient mice received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of ANG II, followed by measuring their water intake within 15 min. We found that lower doses of ANG II (100 ng) significantly stimulated drinking in males but not in females, indicating a general sex-dependent effect that was not affected by orexin deficiency. However, higher doses of ANG II (500 ng) were sufficient to induce drinking in female wild-type mice, while female orexin-deficient mice still did not respond to the dipsogenic properties of ANG II. In conclusion, these results suggest sex-dependent effects in ANG II-induced drinking and further support the sexual dimorphism of orexin system functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Faesel
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neuropharmacology, Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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14
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1-145. [PMID: 37796292 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this third installment of our four-part historical series, we evaluate contributions that shaped our understanding of heat and cold stress during occupational and athletic pursuits. Our first topic concerns how we tolerate, and sometimes fail to tolerate, exercise-heat stress. By 1900, physical activity with clothing- and climate-induced evaporative impediments led to an extraordinarily high incidence of heat stroke within the military. Fortunately, deep-body temperatures > 40 °C were not always fatal. Thirty years later, water immersion and patient treatments mimicking sweat evaporation were found to be effective, with the adage of cool first, transport later being adopted. We gradually acquired an understanding of thermoeffector function during heat storage, and learned about challenges to other regulatory mechanisms. In our second topic, we explore cold tolerance and intolerance. By the 1930s, hypothermia was known to reduce cutaneous circulation, particularly at the extremities, conserving body heat. Cold-induced vasodilatation hindered heat conservation, but it was protective. Increased metabolic heat production followed, driven by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, even during exercise and work. Physical endurance and shivering could both be compromised by hypoglycaemia. Later, treatments for hypothermia and cold injuries were refined, and the thermal after-drop was explained. In our final topic, we critique the numerous indices developed in attempts to numerically rate hot and cold stresses. The criteria for an effective thermal stress index were established by the 1930s. However, few indices satisfied those requirements, either then or now, and the surviving indices, including the unvalidated Wet-Bulb Globe-Thermometer index, do not fully predict thermal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Salgado-Mozo S, Thirouin ZS, Wyrosdic JC, García-Hernández U, Bourque CW. Na X Channel Is a Physiological [Na +] Detector in Oxytocin- and Vasopressin-Releasing Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells of the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8306-8316. [PMID: 37783507 PMCID: PMC10711705 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1203-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Scn7A gene encodes NaX, an atypical noninactivating Na+ channel, whose expression in sensory circumventricular organs is essential to maintain homeostatic responses for body fluid balance. However, NaX has also been detected in homeostatic effector neurons, such as vasopressin (VP)-releasing magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCVP) that secrete VP (antidiuretic hormone) into the bloodstream in response to hypertonicity and hypernatremia. Yet, the physiological relevance of NaX expression in these effector cells remains unclear. Here, we show that rat MNCVP in males and females is depolarized and excited in proportion with isosmotic increases in [Na+]. These responses were caused by an inward current resulting from a cell-autonomous increase in Na+ conductance. The Na+-evoked current was unaffected by blockers of other Na+-permeable ion channels but was significantly reduced by shRNA-mediated knockdown of Scn7A expression. Furthermore, reducing the density of NaX channels selectively impaired the activation of MNCVP by systemic hypernatremia without affecting their responsiveness to hypertonicity in vivo These results identify NaX as a physiological Na+ sensor, whose expression in MNCVP contributes to the generation of homeostatic responses to hypernatremia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we provide the first direct evidence showing that the sodium-sensing channel encoded by the Scn7A gene (NaX) mediates cell-autonomous sodium detection by MNCs in the low millimolar range and that selectively reducing the expression of these channels in MNCs impairs their activation in response to a physiologically relevant sodium stimulus in vitro and in vivo These data reveal that NaX operates as a sodium sensor in these cells and that the endogenous sensory properties of osmoregulatory effector neurons contribute to their homeostatic activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salgado-Mozo
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec H3G1A4, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zahra S Thirouin
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec H3G1A4, Canada
| | - Joshua C Wyrosdic
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec H3G1A4, Canada
| | - Ubaldo García-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Charles W Bourque
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec H3G1A4, Canada
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16
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Picó-Munyoz R, Tárrega A, Laguna L. Origins of thirstiness sensation and current food solutions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4433-4450. [PMID: 37583300 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The sensation of thirstiness is the desire to drink water. In certain situations, the ingestion of liquid water can be restricted. As a result, thirstiness is not relieved, resulting in an uncomfortable and distressing situation. The present review describes thirstiness and hydration, the food products and beverages that cause thirstiness, and the beverages and food products currently available to quench thirstiness in individuals with restricted access to liquid ingestion. It also discusses how to measure the effectiveness of calming thirstiness. To diminish thirstiness distress, different alternatives to liquids are proposed. Individuals with swallowing disorders are given thickened water, individuals with restricted water ingestion are given ice cubes or ice popsicles of different flavors, and sportspeople are given energy gels. However, current beverage solutions seem not to relieve thirst fully, although some stimuli like iced water, flavors (especially lemon and mint), or acids seem to work better than plain stimuli and could be added to existing products. Therefore, there is still a need to incorporate these strategies into beverage and food formulations and to test their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Picó-Munyoz
- Consumer Perception and Behavior and Adapted Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Amparo Tárrega
- Consumer Perception and Behavior and Adapted Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Laura Laguna
- Consumer Perception and Behavior and Adapted Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), Paterna, Spain
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17
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Aggrey SE, Ghareeb AFA, Milfort MC, Ariyo OW, Aryal B, Hartono E, Kwakye J, Sovi S, Hipple SA, Stevenson C, Fuller AL, El Sabry MI, Stino F, Rekaya R. Quantitative and molecular aspects of water intake in meat-type chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102973. [PMID: 37633082 PMCID: PMC10474491 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though water is the most essential nutrient for poultry production, adequate data on individual water intake in broiler chickens and its relationship with other traits of economic importance is scant. Water is provided to chickens in an unrestricted manner in spite of being a finite resource. Climate change continues to affect water sources and efficient bird use of water is long overdue. Understanding the biological basis of water intake is essential for sustainability of the poultry industry. Individual water and feed intake, and growth data was collected on 520 commercial broilers aged 14 to 42 days. We introduced the concepts of water conversion ratio (WCR) and residual water intake (RWI) as parameters that can be used to assess water intake efficiency. Water conversion ratio was defined as the amount of water consumed per unit of body weight gain, and RWI was defined as the difference between the actual water intake (WI) of a given bird and the expected WI by an average bird from the population with the same metabolic body weight, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG). The correlation between WI and FI was positive (r=0.77; P<0.0001), and the correlation between WI and BWG was positive (r=0.80; P<0.0001). Based on the distribution of RWI, the bottom 5 birds (LRWI) and the top 5 birds (HRWI) for RWI were selected for mRNA expression differences. The average broiler consumed about 7.8 L (± 1L) of water from 14 to 42 days of age. The mRNA expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) antidiuretic hormone, calcium sensing receptor (CasR), sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha (SCNN1A) and SCNN1D in the hypothalamus was upregulated in the LRWI group compared to the HRWI group. Similarly, kidney aquaporins (AQP) 2, 3, and 4 were upregulated in the LRWI group compared with the HRWI group. Given that water was provided ad libitum, the up-regulation of AVP and AQP gene mRNA expressions seem to indicate that the LRWI birds were more efficient in water reabsorption in the kidney compared to their HRWI counterparts. Increased water reabsorption will reduce the amount of water consumed to attain hydration. The water reabsorption potential was reflected in the excreta moisture levels as the LRWI birds had significantly lower excreta moisture than the HRWI birds. Excreta moisture level require further studies and could be considered as a potential proxy trait for water intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Aggrey
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602.
| | - Ahmed F A Ghareeb
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Marie C Milfort
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Oluwatomide W Ariyo
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Bikash Aryal
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Evan Hartono
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Josephine Kwakye
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Selorm Sovi
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Sommer A Hipple
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Carrienton Stevenson
- Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31030
| | - Alberta L Fuller
- Water Intake Genomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | | | - Farid Stino
- Department of Animal Production, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
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18
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Hernández-Pérez OR, Hernández VS, Zetter MA, Eiden LE, Zhang L. Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract: A hub linking the water homeostasis-associated supraoptic nucleus-arginine vasopressin circuit and neocortical regions to promote social behavior under osmotic challenge. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13202. [PMID: 36283814 PMCID: PMC10027625 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic challenges may alter the drive for social interaction. The neural activity that prompts this motivation remains poorly understood. In the present study, we identify direct projections from the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus to the cortico-amygdalar nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT). Dual in situ hybridization with probes for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), as well as vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)1, VGLUT2, V1a and V1b, revealed a population of vasopressin-receptive PACAPergic neurons in NLOT layer 2 (NLOT2). Water deprivation (48 h, WD48) increased sociability compared to euhydrated subjects, as assessed with the three-chamber social interaction test (3CST). Fos expression immunohistochemistry showed NLOT and its main efferent regions had further increases in rats subjected to WD48 + 3CST. These regions strongly expressed PAC1 mRNA. Microinjections of arginine vasopressin (AVP) into the NLOT produced similar changes in sociability to water deprivation, and these were reduced by co-injection of V1a or V1b antagonists along with AVP. We conclude that, during challenge to water homeostasis, there is a recruitment of a glutamatergic-multi-peptidergic cooperative circuit that promotes social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Vito S. Hernández
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mario A. Zetter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lee E. Eiden
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
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19
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Liu Z, Liu Z, Xu X, Zhou Y, Chen H, Zhou H, Li Z, Guo F, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhou L, Jiang H, Yu L. Role of ventrolateral part of ventromedial hypothalamus in post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction induced by sympathetic nervous system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:37-47. [PMID: 37783395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress has been recognized as a contributing factor to worsened prognosis in patients with cardiac failure following myocardial infarction (MI). Although the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHVL) has been implicated in emotional distress, its involvement in post-MI cardiac dysfunction remains largely unexplored. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the VMHVL activation in the MI rat model and its underlying mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that activation of VMHVL neurons enhances the activity of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system through the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and superior cervical ganglion (SCG). This activation leads to an elevation in catecholamine levels, which subsequently modulates myosin function and triggers the release of anti-inflammatory factors, to exacerbate the post-MI cardiac prognosis. The denervation of the superior cervical ganglion (SGN) effectively blocked the cardiac sympathetic effects induced by the VMHVL activation, and ameliorated the cardia fibrosis and dysfunction. Therefore, our study identified the role of the "VMHVL-PVN-SCG" sympathetic pathway in the post-MI heart, and proposed SGN as a promising strategy in mitigating cardiac prognosis in stressful rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Huixin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Fuding Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Taikang center for life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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20
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Adamantidis AR, de Lecea L. Sleep and the hypothalamus. Science 2023; 382:405-412. [PMID: 37883555 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neural substrates of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), and non-REMS (NREMS) in the mammalian hypothalamus overlap both anatomically and functionally with cellular networks that support physiological and behavioral homeostasis. Here, we review the roles of sleep neurons of the hypothalamus in the homeostatic control of thermoregulation or goal-oriented behaviors during wakefulness. We address how hypothalamic circuits involved in opposing behaviors such as core body temperature and sleep compute conflicting information and provide a coherent vigilance state. Finally, we highlight some of the key unresolved questions and challenges, and the promise of a more granular view of the cellular and molecular diversity underlying the integrative role of the hypothalamus in physiological and behavioral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine R Adamantidis
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Warren AM, Grossmann M, Christ-Crain M, Russell N. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis: From Pathophysiology to Management. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:819-861. [PMID: 36974717 PMCID: PMC10502587 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder, affecting more than 15% of patients in the hospital. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the most frequent cause of hypotonic hyponatremia, mediated by nonosmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP, previously known as antidiuretic hormone), which acts on the renal V2 receptors to promote water retention. There are a variety of underlying causes of SIAD, including malignancy, pulmonary pathology, and central nervous system pathology. In clinical practice, the etiology of hyponatremia is frequently multifactorial and the management approach may need to evolve during treatment of a single episode. It is therefore important to regularly reassess clinical status and biochemistry, while remaining alert to potential underlying etiological factors that may become more apparent during the course of treatment. In the absence of severe symptoms requiring urgent intervention, fluid restriction (FR) is widely endorsed as the first-line treatment for SIAD in current guidelines, but there is considerable controversy regarding second-line therapy in instances where FR is unsuccessful, which occurs in around half of cases. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of SIAD, and summarize recent evidence for therapeutic options beyond FR, with a focus on tolvaptan, urea, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle M Warren
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Austin Hospital, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Austin Hospital, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Austin Hospital, Victoria 3084, Australia
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22
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Todini L, Fantuz F. Thirst: neuroendocrine regulation in mammals. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1085-1101. [PMID: 36932281 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Animals can sense their changing internal needs and then generate specific physiological and behavioural responses in order to restore homeostasis. Water-saline homeostasis derives from balances of water and sodium intake and output (drinking and diuresis, salt appetite and natriuresis), maintaining an appropriate composition and volume of extracellular fluid. Thirst is the sensation which drives to seek and consume water, regulated in the central nervous system by both neural and chemical signals. Water and electrolyte homeostasis depends on finely tuned physiological mechanisms, mainly susceptible to plasma Na+ concentration and osmotic pressure, but also to blood volume and arterial pressure. Increases of osmotic pressure as slight as 1-2% are enough to induce thirst ("homeostatic" or cellular), by activation of specialized osmoreceptors in the circumventricular organs, outside the blood-brain barrier. Presystemic anticipatory signals (by oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal receptors) inhibit thirst when fluids are ingested, or stimulate thirst associated with food intake. Hypovolemia, arterial hypotension, Angiotensin II stimulate thirst ("hypovolemic thirst", "extracellular dehydration"). Hypervolemia, hypertension, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide inhibit thirst. Circadian rhythms of thirst are also detectable, driven by suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Such homeostasis and other fundamental physiological functions (cardiocircolatory, thermoregulation, food intake) are highly interdependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via della Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fantuz
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via della Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
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23
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Peltekian L, Gasparini S, Fazan FS, Karthik S, Iverson G, Resch JM, Geerling JC. Sodium appetite and thirst do not require angiotensinogen production in astrocytes or hepatocytes. J Physiol 2023; 601:3499-3532. [PMID: 37291801 DOI: 10.1113/jp283169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its renal and cardiovascular functions, angiotensin signalling is thought to be responsible for the increases in salt and water intake caused by hypovolaemia. However, it remains unclear whether these behaviours require angiotensin production in the brain or liver. Here, we use in situ hybridization to identify tissue-specific expression of the genes required for producing angiotensin peptides, and then use conditional genetic deletion of the angiotensinogen gene (Agt) to test whether production in the brain or liver is necessary for sodium appetite and thirst. In the mouse brain, we identified expression of Agt (the precursor for all angiotensin peptides) in a large subset of astrocytes. We also identified Ren1 and Ace (encoding enzymes required to produce angiotensin II) expression in the choroid plexus, and Ren1 expression in neurons within the nucleus ambiguus compact formation. In the liver, we confirmed that Agt is widely expressed in hepatocytes. We next tested whether thirst and sodium appetite require angiotensinogen production in astrocytes or hepatocytes. Despite virtually eliminating expression in the brain, deleting astrocytic Agt did not reduce thirst or sodium appetite. Despite markedly reducing angiotensinogen in the blood, eliminating Agt from hepatocytes did not reduce thirst or sodium appetite, and in fact, these mice consumed the largest amounts of salt and water after sodium deprivation. Deleting Agt from both astrocytes and hepatocytes also did not prevent thirst or sodium appetite. Our findings suggest that angiotensin signalling is not required for sodium appetite or thirst and highlight the need to identify alternative signalling mechanisms. KEY POINTS: Angiotensin signalling is thought to be responsible for the increased thirst and sodium appetite caused by hypovolaemia, producing elevated water and sodium intake. Specific cells in separate brain regions express the three genes needed to produce angiotensin peptides, but brain-specific deletion of the angiotensinogen gene (Agt), which encodes the lone precursor for all angiotensin peptides, did not reduce thirst or sodium appetite. Double-deletion of Agt from brain and liver also did not reduce thirst or sodium appetite. Liver-specific deletion of Agt reduced circulating angiotensinogen levels without reducing thirst or sodium appetite. Instead, these angiotensin-deficient mice exhibited an enhanced sodium appetite. Because the physiological mechanisms controlling thirst and sodium appetite continued functioning without angiotensin production in the brain and liver, understanding these mechanisms requires a renewed search for the hypovolaemic signals necessary for activating each behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Peltekian
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jon M Resch
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joel C Geerling
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Liebrand M, Rebsamen M, Nakamura-Utsunomiya A, von den Driesch L, Köck P, Caccia J, Hamann C, Wiest R, Kaess M, Walther S, Tschumi S, Hiyama TY, Kindler J. Case report: Psychosis and catatonia in an adolescent patient with adipsic hypernatremia and autoantibodies against the subfornical organ. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1206226. [PMID: 37539324 PMCID: PMC10396436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1206226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first description of a patient in which adipsic hypernatremia, a rare autoimmune encephalitis, presented in combination with complex psychiatric symptomatology, including psychosis and catatonia. Adipsic hypernatremia is characterized by autoantibodies against the thirst center of the brain. These autoantibodies cause inflammation and apoptosis in key regions of water homeostasis, leading to lack of thirst and highly increased serum sodium. To date, the symptoms of weakness, fatigue and drowsiness have been associated with adipsic hypernatremia, but no psychiatric symptomatology. Here, we showcase the first description of an adolescent patient, in which severe and complex psychiatric symptoms presented along with adipsic hypernatremia. The patient experienced delusion, hallucinations, restlessness and pronounced depression. Further, he showed ritualized, aggressive, disinhibited and sexualized behavior, as well as self-harm and psychomotor symptoms. Due to his severe condition, he was hospitalized on the emergency unit of the child and adolescent psychiatry for 8 months. Key symptoms of the presented clinical picture are: childhood-onset complex and treatment-resistant psychosis/catatonia, pronounced behavioral problems, fatigue, absent thirst perception, hypernatremia and elevated prolactin levels. This case report renders first evidence speaking for a causal link between the autoimmune adipsic hypernatremia and the psychotic disorder. Moreover, it sheds light on a new form of autoimmune psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liebrand
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rebsamen
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akari Nakamura-Utsunomiya
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Luisa von den Driesch
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Köck
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Caccia
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hamann
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Tschumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Y. Hiyama
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Barretto-de-Souza L, Joseph SA, Lynch FM, Ng AJ, Crestani CC, Christianson JP. Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin shape social affective behavior via action in the insular cortex of rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06408-5. [PMID: 37369782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In a social context, individuals are able to detect external information from others and coordinate behavioral responses according to the situation, a phenomenon called social decision-making. Social decision-making is multifaceted, influenced by emotional and motivational factors like stress, sickness, and hunger. However, the neurobiological basis for motivational state competition and interaction is not well known. OBJECTIVE We investigated possible neural mechanisms through which internal states could shape social behavior in a social affective preference (SAP) test. In the SAP test, experimental rats given a choice to interact with naïve or stressed conspecifics exhibit an age-dependent preference to interact with stressed juvenile conspecifics, but avoid stressed adult conspecifics. First, we assessed the effect of food and water deprivation on SAP behavior. Behavior in the SAP test requires the insular cortex, which receives input from the ingestion-related peptides melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). This study aimed to evaluate the role of LH and insular MCH and orexin in SAP test. METHODS SAP tests were conducted in rats that were sated, food and water deprived or allowed 1 h of access to food and water after 14 h of deprivation (relieved condition). Separate cohorts of sated rats received cannula implants for microinjection of drugs to inhibit the LH or to block or stimulate MCH or orexin receptors in the insula prior to SAP tests or social interaction tests. RESULTS Food and water deprivation prior to SAP tests with juvenile rats caused a shift in preference away from the stressed rat toward the naïve juveniles. Pharmacological inhibition of LH with muscimol (100 ng/side) abolished the preference for the juvenile-stressed conspecific, as well as the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. The blockade of MCH receptor 1or orexin receptors in the insular cortex with SNAP94847 (50 μM) or TCS1102 (1 μM), respectively, also abolished the preference for the stressed juvenile conspecific, but only the antagonism of orexin receptors was able to abolish the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. Microinjection of increasing doses (50 or 500 nM) of MCH or orexin-A in the insular cortex increased the interaction time in the one-on-one social interaction test with juvenile conspecifics; however, only the microinjection of orexin-A increased the interaction time with adult naïve conspecifics. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that lateral hypothalamus peptides shape the direction of social approach or avoidance via actions MCH and orexin neurotransmission in the insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Shemar A Joseph
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Francesca M Lynch
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Alexandra J Ng
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - John P Christianson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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26
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González-Segarra AJ, Pontes G, Jourjine N, Del Toro A, Scott K. Hunger- and thirst-sensing neurons modulate a neuroendocrine network to coordinate sugar and water ingestion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535891. [PMID: 37066363 PMCID: PMC10104137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of food and water is tightly regulated by the nervous system to maintain internal nutrient homeostasis. Although generally considered independently, interactions between hunger and thirst drives are important to coordinate competing needs. In Drosophila , four neurons called the Interoceptive Subesophageal zone Neurons (ISNs) respond to intrinsic hunger and thirst signals to oppositely regulate sucrose and water ingestion. Here, we investigate the neural circuit downstream of the ISNs to examine how ingestion is regulated based on internal needs. Utilizing the recently available fly brain connectome, we find that the ISNs synapse with a novel cell type Bilateral T-shaped neuron (BiT) that projects to neuroendocrine centers. In vivo neural manipulations revealed that BiT oppositely regulates sugar and water ingestion. Neuroendocrine cells downstream of ISNs include several peptide-releasing and peptide-sensing neurons, including insulin producing cells (IPC), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons, and CCHamide-2 receptor isoform RA (CCHa2R-RA) neurons. These neurons contribute differentially to ingestion of sugar and water, with IPCs and CCAP neurons oppositely regulating sugar and water ingestion, and CCHa2R-RA neurons modulating only water ingestion. Thus, the decision to consume sugar or water occurs via regulation of a broad peptidergic network that integrates internal signals of nutritional state to generate nutrient-specific ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Pontes
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
- present address: IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas Jourjine
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
- present address: Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alexander Del Toro
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
- present address: Brown University, Rhode Island, United States
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27
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Zhang L, Liu N, Shao J, Gao D, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Han C, Chen D, Wang L, Lu WW, Yang F. Bidirectional control of parathyroid hormone and bone mass by subfornical organ. Neuron 2023; 111:1914-1932.e6. [PMID: 37084721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the most important hormones for bone turnover and calcium homeostasis. It is unclear how the central nervous system regulates PTH. The subfornical organ (SFO) lies above the third ventricle and modulates body fluid homeostasis. Through retrograde tracing, electrophysiology, and in vivo calcium imaging, we identified the SFO as an important brain nucleus that responds to serum PTH changes in mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in SFO induces decreased serum PTH followed by a decrease in trabecular bone mass. Conversely, stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in the SFO promoted serum PTH and bone mass. Moreover, we found that the blockage of different PTH receptors in the SFO affects peripheral PTH levels and the PTH's response to calcium stimulation. Furthermore, we identified a GABAergic projection from the SFO to the paraventricular nucleus, which modulates PTH and bone mass. These findings advance our understanding of the central neural regulation of PTH at cellular and circuit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nian Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dashuang Gao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingzi Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanliang Han
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Donka RM, Hsu T, Roitman MF, Roitman JD. Chronic water restriction reduces sensitivity to brain stimulation reward in male and female rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114110. [PMID: 36740136 PMCID: PMC10064935 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
States of physiological need motivate individuals to seek and consume stimuli that restore homeostatic balance. This goal-directed behavior is driven, in part, by pathways that process reward and are sensitive to changes in physiological state, including the mesolimbic dopamine system. The effects of hunger and its physiological markers have been more widely studied for their role in modulating reward signaling pathways. However, fluid need produces robust goal-directed behavior and has also been shown to affect neural substrates of reward processing. To test how acute and chronic states of thirst might alter reward sensitivity, we used the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) rate-frequency paradigm (Carlezon & Chartoff, 2007) with male and female Long Evans rats. We hypothesized that sensitivity to ICSS would increase under an acute need state for water and would decrease under chronic deprivation. We found that acute water deprivation for 22-hours prior to the ICSS session did not alter any parameters of reward sensitivity. To elicit motivated behavior toward water in the absence of physiological need, we chemogenetically activated glutamatergic neurons of the subfornical organ (SFO). Despite eliciting more water consumption than acute deprivation, acute chemogenetic activation of SFO neurons also did not alter reward sensitivity. Finally, subjects underwent a five-day chronic water restriction protocol with daily ICSS sessions to determine the effects of sustained physiological need. Chronic water restriction resulted in reduced sensitivity to ICSS. Together, these results indicate that persistent changes in physiological state alter the responsiveness of reward circuitry that could potentially exacerbate maladaptive reward-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Donka
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Ted Hsu
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Mitchell F Roitman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Jamie D Roitman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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29
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Wei Y, Khalaf AT, Rui C, Abdul Kadir SY, Zainol J, Oglah Z. The Emergence of TRP Channels Interactome as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041164. [PMID: 37189782 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins, known as Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, are cellular sensors for various physical and chemical stimuli in the nervous system, respiratory airways, colon, pancreas, bladder, skin, cardiovascular system, and eyes. TRP channels with nine subfamilies are classified by sequence similarity, resulting in this superfamily's tremendous physiological functional diversity. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the development of effective treatment methods for pancreatic cancer has been hindered by the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis, partly due to the difficulty in studying human tissue samples. However, scientific research on this topic has witnessed steady development in the past few years in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie TRP channel disturbance. This brief review summarizes current knowledge of the molecular role of TRP channels in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal carcinoma to identify potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wei
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | | | - Cao Rui
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Samiah Yasmin Abdul Kadir
- Faculty of Medicine, Widad University College, BIM Point, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Zainol
- Faculty of Medicine, Widad University College, BIM Point, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa Oglah
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), 55 Wellesley Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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30
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Berry MH, Moldavan M, Garrett T, Meadows M, Cravetchi O, White E, Leffler J, von Gersdorff H, Wright KM, Allen CN, Sivyer B. A melanopsin ganglion cell subtype forms a dorsal retinal mosaic projecting to the supraoptic nucleus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1492. [PMID: 36932080 PMCID: PMC10023714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual input to the hypothalamus from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) influences several functions including circadian entrainment, body temperature, and sleep. ipRGCs also project to nuclei such as the supraoptic nucleus (SON), which is involved in systemic fluid homeostasis, maternal behavior, social behaviors, and appetite. However, little is known about the SON-projecting ipRGCs or their relationship to well-characterized ipRGC subtypes. Using a GlyT2Cre mouse line, we show a subtype of ipRGCs restricted to the dorsal retina that selectively projects to the SON. These ipRGCs tile a dorsal region of the retina, forming a substrate for encoding ground luminance. Optogenetic activation of their axons demonstrates they release the neurotransmitter glutamate in multiple regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and SON. Our results challenge the idea that ipRGC dendrites overlap to optimize photon capture and suggests non-image forming vision operates to sample local regions of the visual field to influence diverse behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Moldavan
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tavita Garrett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marc Meadows
- Neuroscience Graduate program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Olga Cravetchi
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph Leffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Henrique von Gersdorff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles N Allen
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin Sivyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Kuang D, Hanchate NK, Lee CY, Heck A, Ye X, Erdenebileg M, Buck LB. Olfactory and neuropeptide inputs to appetite neurons in the arcuate nucleus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530282. [PMID: 36909633 PMCID: PMC10002664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The sense of smell has potent effects on appetite, but the underlying neural mechanisms are largely a mystery. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus contains two subsets of neurons linked to appetite: AgRP (agouti-related peptide) neurons, which enhance appetite, and POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) neurons, which suppress appetite. Here, we find that AgRP and POMC neurons receive indirect inputs from partially overlapping areas of the olfactory cortex, thus identifying their sources of odor signals. We also find neurons directly upstream of AgRP or POMC neurons in numerous other areas, identifying potential relays between the olfactory cortex and AgRP or POMC neurons. Transcriptome profiling of individual AgRP neurons reveals differential expression of receptors for multiple neuromodulators. Notably, known ligands of the receptors define subsets of neurons directly upstream of AgRP neurons in specific brain areas. Together, these findings indicate that higher olfactory areas can differentially influence AgRP and POMC appetite neurons, that subsets of AgRP neurons can be regulated by different neuromodulators, and that subsets of neurons upstream of AgRP neurons in specific brain areas use different neuromodulators, together or in distinct combinations to modulate AgRP neurons and thus appetite.
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Abstract
Salt taste, the taste of sodium chloride (NaCl), is mechanistically one of the most complex and puzzling among basic tastes. Sodium has essential functions in the body but causes harm in excess. Thus, animals use salt taste to ingest the right amount of salt, which fluctuates by physiological needs: typically, attraction to low salt concentrations and rejection of high salt. This concentration-valence relationship is universally observed in terrestrial animals, and research has revealed complex peripheral codes for NaCl involving multiple taste pathways of opposing valence. Sodium-dependent and -independent pathways mediate attraction and aversion to NaCl, respectively. Gustatory sensors and cells that transduce NaCl have been uncovered, along with downstream signal transduction and neurotransmission mechanisms. However, much remains unknown. This article reviews classical and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying salt taste in mammals and insects and discusses perspectives on human salt taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; .,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michael D Gordon
- Department of Zoology and Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Dietary counselling to reduce moderate sodium intake: effects on cardiovascular and renal biomarkers: primary findings of the COSIP and STICK phase II feasibility randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 57:101856. [PMID: 37064508 PMCID: PMC10102892 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While low sodium intake (<2.3 g/day) is recommended, there is uncertainty about long-term feasibility and effects on cardiorenal biomarkers in populations with moderate intake. Methods In two phase IIb, feasibility, randomised, parallel, open-label, controlled, single-centre trials, individuals aged >40 years with stable blood pressure (BP), without heart failure or postural hypotension were randomised to intensive dietary counselling (target sodium intake <2.3 g/day) or usual care between March 2016 and July 2018. One trial included participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD); the other excluded those with CKD or cardiovascular disease. All participants received healthy eating advice. Primary outcomes were NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), C-reactive protein (CRP), renin, aldosterone and, creatinine clearance (CrCl) at 2-years. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, STICK trial (NCT02458248) and COSIP trial (NCT02738736). Findings 373 participants, with mean 24-h urine sodium 3.16 ± 1.47 g/day, were randomised to intervention (n = 187) or usual care (n = 186). At 3-months, the intervention reduced 24-h urine sodium (intervention -0.11 g/day, usual care +0.28 g/day, p = 0.003), BP (systolic -2.52 mmHg, p = 0.05; diastolic -1.92, p = 0.02) and increased renin (+33.35 mIU/L [95%CI 3.78-62.91]). At 2-years, the intervention significantly reduced self-reported salt use (p < 0.001), but not 24-h urine sodium (intervention -0.23 g/day, usual care +0.05 g/day, p = 0.47). At 2-years, there were no significant between-group differences in BP (systolic p = 0.66; diastolic p = 0.09), NT-proBNP (p = 0.68), hsTnT (p = 0.20), CRP (p = 0.56), renin (p = 0.52), aldosterone (p = 0.61), or CrCl (p = 0.68). Interpretation Among individuals with moderate sodium intake, intensive dietary counselling resulted in small short-term reductions in sodium intake and BP, but no significant effect on sodium intake, BP, or cardiorenal biomarkers at two years. Our trial suggests that it may not feasible to reduce sodium sustainably in those with a sodium intake around 3.0 g/day, through an intensive dietary counselling intervention. Funding The STICK trial was funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland and the COSIP trial was funded by the European Research Council.
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Benjamin CL, Dobbins LW, Sullivan SG, Rogers RR, Williams TD, Marshall MR, Ballmann CG. The Effect of Fluid Availability on Consumption and Perceptual Measures during Aerobic Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1310. [PMID: 36674064 PMCID: PMC9858706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluid availability may alter drinking behavior; however, it is currently unknown if the availability of fluid impacts behavior and gastrointestinal issues (GI) that are often associated with increased fluid intake. The purpose of this study was to determine if ad libitum (AL) versus periodic (PER) fluid intake influences fluid consumption and GI distress during exercise in trained athletes. Male and female Division I NCAA Cross Country athletes (n = 11; age = 20 ± 1 years) participated in this counterbalanced crossover study. Each participant completed a moderate intensity 10 km run on two separate occasions. In one trial, participants had unlimited availability to fluid to consume AL. In the other trial, participants consumed PER fluid at stations placed every 3.2 km. Assurance of euhydration prior to each trial was confirmed via urine specific gravity (USG) and urine color. Subjective perceptions of thirst and gastric fullness were assessed pre- and post-exercise via Likert questioning and a visual analog scale, respectively. Participants started each trial euhydrated (AL = 1.009 USG ± 0.009; PER = 1.009 USG ± 0.009; urine color AL, 3 ± 1; urine color PER, 2 ± 1). Fluid volume consumption was significantly higher during the AL condition compared to PER (p = 0.050). Thirst significantly increased from pre- to post-run regardless of treatment (p < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.492). Feelings of fullness did not change pre-post trial (p = 0.304) or between trials (p = 0.958). Increased fluid availability allows for increased fluid consumption without the negative experience of GI discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke W. Dobbins
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35226, USA
| | | | - Rebecca R. Rogers
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35226, USA
- SHP Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35226, USA
| | - Tyler D. Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35226, USA
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Vyas N, McHenry JA. Physiological state gates sensorimotor cortical processing and goal-directed behavior. Neuron 2022; 110:4037-4039. [PMID: 36549268 PMCID: PMC9948688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Goal-directed behavior is often studied under food- and water-restricted states. A study by Matteucci et al.1 in this issue of Neuron reveals that task performance and sensorimotor cortical encoding are impaired under both low and high motivational states but improve with physiological adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vyas
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenna A McHenry
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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36
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Katayama Y, Tsukada T, Hyodo S, Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T. Behavioural osmoregulation during land invasion in fish: Prandial drinking and wetting of the dry skin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277968. [PMID: 36477197 PMCID: PMC9728915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulatory behaviours should have evolutionarily modified for terrestrialisation of vertebrates. In mammals, sensations of buccal food and drying have immediate effects on postprandial thirst to prevent future systemic dehydration, and is thereby considered to be 'anticipatory thirst'. However, it remains unclear whether such an anticipatory response has been acquired in the non-tetrapod lineage. Using the mudskipper goby (Periophthalmus modestus) as a semi-terrestrial ray-finned fish, we herein investigated postprandial drinking and other unique features like full-body 'rolling' over on the back although these behaviours had not been considered to have osmoregulatory functions. In our observations on tidal flats, mudskippers migrated into water areas within a minute after terrestrial eating, and exhibited rolling behaviour with accompanying pectoral-fin movements. In aquarium experiments, frequency of migration into a water area for drinking increased within a few minutes after eating onset, without systemic dehydration. During their low humidity exposure, frequency of the rolling behaviour and pectoral-fin movements increased by more than five times to moisten the skin before systemic dehydration. These findings suggest anticipatory responses which arise from oral/gastrointestinal and cutaneous sensation in the goby. These sensation and motivation seem to have evolved in distantly related species in order to solve osmoregulatory challenges during terrestrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Katayama
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
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37
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Rosado OG, Amil AF, Freire IT, Verschure PFMJ. Drive competition underlies effective allostatic orchestration. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:1052998. [DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.1052998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Living systems ensure their fitness by self-regulating. The optimal matching of their behavior to the opportunities and demands of the ever-changing natural environment is crucial for satisfying physiological and cognitive needs. Although homeostasis has explained how organisms maintain their internal states within a desirable range, the problem of orchestrating different homeostatic systems has not been fully explained yet. In the present paper, we argue that attractor dynamics emerge from the competitive relation of internal drives, resulting in the effective regulation of adaptive behaviors. To test this hypothesis, we develop a biologically-grounded attractor model of allostatic orchestration that is embedded into a synthetic agent. Results show that the resultant neural mass model allows the agent to reproduce the navigational patterns of a rodent in an open field. Moreover, when exploring the robustness of our model in a dynamically changing environment, the synthetic agent pursues the stability of the self, being its internal states dependent on environmental opportunities to satisfy its needs. Finally, we elaborate on the benefits of resetting the model’s dynamics after drive-completion behaviors. Altogether, our studies suggest that the neural mass allostatic model adequately reproduces self-regulatory dynamics while overcoming the limitations of previous models.
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38
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Sudbury JR, Zaelzer C, Trudel E, Bumagin A, Bourque CW. Synaptic control of rat magnocellular neurosecretory cells by warm-sensing neurons in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13214. [PMID: 36426844 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increases in core body temperature cause secretion of vasopressin (vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone) to promote water reabsorption and blunt water losses incurred through homeostatic evaporative cooling. Subtypes of transient receptor potential vanilloid (Trpv) channels have been shown to contribute to the intrinsic regulation of vasopressin-releasing magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, MNCs in vivo can also be excited by local heating of the adjacent preoptic area, indicating they receive thermosensory information from other areas. Here, we investigated whether neurons in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) contribute to this process using in vitro electrophysiological approaches in male rats. We found that the majority of OVLT neurons are thermosensitive in the physiological range (36-39°C) and that this property is retained under conditions blocking synaptic transmission. A subset of these neurons could be antidromically activated by electrical stimulation in the SON. Whole cell recordings from SON MNCs revealed that heating significantly increases the rate of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPCSs), and that this response is abolished by lesions targeting the OVLT, but not by bilateral lesions placed in the adjacent preoptic area. Finally, local heating of the OVLT caused a significant excitation of MNCs in the absence of temperature changes in the SON, and this effect was blocked by inhibitors of ionotropic glutamate receptors. These findings indicate that the OVLT serves as an important thermosensory nucleus and contributes to the activation of MNCs during physiological heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Sudbury
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristian Zaelzer
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Trudel
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Bumagin
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles W Bourque
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang F, Mak SOK, Liu Y, Ke Y, Rao F, Yung WH, Zhang L, Chow BKC. Secretin receptor deletion in the subfornical organ attenuates the activation of excitatory neurons under dehydration. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4832-4841.e5. [PMID: 36220076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, thirst is strongly influenced by the subfornical organ (SFO), a forebrain structure that integrates circulating signals including osmotic pressure and sodium contents. Secretin (SCT), a classical gastrointestinal hormone, has been implicated as a humoral factor regulating body-fluid homeostasis. However, the neural mechanism of secretin in the central nervous system in managing thirst remains unclear. In this study, we report that the local ablation of SCT receptor (SCTR) in the SFO reduces water but not salt intake in dehydrated mice and this effect could not be rescued by exogenous SCT administration. Electrophysiology with single-cell RT-PCR indicates that SCT elicits inward currents in the SFO neuronal nitric oxide synthase (SFOnNOS) neurons via SCTR in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists. We further show that the SCTR in the SFO permits the activation of SFOnNOS neurons under distinct thirst types. Projection-specific gene deletion of SCTR in SFO to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) pathway also reduces water intake in dehydrated animals. SCT signaling thus plays an indispensable role in driving thirst. These data not only expand the functional boundaries of SCTR but also provide insights into the central mechanisms of homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah O K Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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40
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Durst und Trinken – Physiologie und Bedeutung für die Störungen des Wasserhaushalts. JOURNAL FÜR KLINISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE UND STOFFWECHSEL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41969-022-00179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Manjila SB, Betty R, Kim Y. Missing pieces in decoding the brain oxytocin puzzle: Functional insights from mouse brain wiring diagrams. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1044736. [PMID: 36389241 PMCID: PMC9643707 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1044736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptide, oxytocin (Oxt), has been the focus of research for decades due to its effects on body physiology, neural circuits, and various behaviors. Oxt elicits a multitude of actions mainly through its receptor, the Oxt receptor (OxtR). Despite past research to understand the central projections of Oxt neurons and OxtR- coupled signaling pathways in different brain areas, it remains unclear how this nonapeptide exhibits such pleiotropic effects while integrating external and internal information. Most reviews in the field either focus on neuroanatomy of the Oxt-OxtR system, or on the functional effects of Oxt in specific brain areas. Here, we provide a review by integrating brain wide connectivity of Oxt neurons and their downstream circuits with OxtR expression in mice. We categorize Oxt connected brain regions into three functional modules that regulate the internal state, somatic visceral, and cognitive response. Each module contains three neural circuits that process distinct behavioral effects. Broad innervations on functional circuits (e.g., basal ganglia for motor behavior) enable Oxt signaling to exert coordinated modulation in functionally inter-connected circuits. Moreover, Oxt acts as a neuromodulator of neuromodulations to broadly control the overall state of the brain. Lastly, we discuss the mismatch between Oxt projections and OxtR expression across various regions of the mouse brain. In summary, this review brings forth functional circuit-based analysis of Oxt connectivity across the whole brain in light of Oxt release and OxtR expression and provides a perspective guide to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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42
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Park A, Croset V, Otto N, Agarwal D, Treiber CD, Meschi E, Sims D, Waddell S. Gliotransmission of D-serine promotes thirst-directed behaviors in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3952-3970.e8. [PMID: 35963239 PMCID: PMC9616736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thirst emerges from a range of cellular changes that ultimately motivate an animal to consume water. Although thirst-responsive neuronal signals have been reported, the full complement of brain responses is unclear. Here, we identify molecular and cellular adaptations in the brain using single-cell sequencing of water-deprived Drosophila. Water deficiency primarily altered the glial transcriptome. Screening the regulated genes revealed astrocytic expression of the astray-encoded phosphoserine phosphatase to bi-directionally regulate water consumption. Astray synthesizes the gliotransmitter D-serine, and vesicular release from astrocytes is required for drinking. Moreover, dietary D-serine rescues aay-dependent drinking deficits while facilitating water consumption and expression of water-seeking memory. D-serine action requires binding to neuronal NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Fly astrocytes contribute processes to tripartite synapses, and the proportion of astrocytes that are themselves activated by glutamate increases with water deprivation. We propose that thirst elevates astrocytic D-serine release, which awakens quiescent glutamatergic circuits to enhance water procurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Park
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Vincent Croset
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Nils Otto
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Devika Agarwal
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Programme (CGAT), MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christoph D Treiber
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Eleonora Meschi
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David Sims
- MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Programme (CGAT), MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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Flavell SW, Gogolla N, Lovett-Barron M, Zelikowsky M. The emergence and influence of internal states. Neuron 2022; 110:2545-2570. [PMID: 35643077 PMCID: PMC9391310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of "internal states"-partially hidden variables that profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such as fear, arousal, hunger, motivation, aggression, and many others, is a prominent focus of research efforts across animal phyla. Internal states can be inferred from changes in behavior, physiology, and neural dynamics and are characterized by properties such as pleiotropy, persistence, scalability, generalizability, and valence. To date, it remains unclear how internal states and their properties are generated by nervous systems. Here, we review recent progress, which has been driven by advances in behavioral quantification, cellular manipulations, and neural population recordings. We synthesize research implicating defined subsets of state-inducing cell types, widespread changes in neural activity, and neuromodulation in the formation and updating of internal states. In addition to highlighting the significance of these findings, our review advocates for new approaches to clarify the underpinnings of internal brain states across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Flavell
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Nadine Gogolla
- Emotion Research Department, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Circuits for Emotion Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Matthew Lovett-Barron
- Division of Biological Sciences-Neurobiology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Moriel Zelikowsky
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Renal water transport in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:841-852. [PMID: 35678906 PMCID: PMC9338902 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saving body water by optimal reabsorption of water filtered by the kidney leading to excretion of urine with concentrations of solutes largely above that of plasma allowed vertebrate species to leave the aquatic environment to live on solid ground. Filtered water is reabsorbed for 70% and 20% by proximal tubules and thin descending limbs of Henle, respectively. These two nephron segments express the water channel aquaporin-1 located along both apical and basolateral membranes. In the proximal tubule, the paracellular pathway accounts for at least 30% of water reabsorption, and the tight-junction core protein claudin-2 plays a key role in this permeability. The ascending limb of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule are impermeant to water and are responsible for urine dilution. The water balance is adjusted along the collecting system, i.e. connecting tubule and the collecting duct, under the control of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). AVP is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released in response to an increase in extracellular osmolality or stimulation of baroreceptors by decreased blood pressure. In response to AVP, aquaporin-2 water channels stored in subapical intracellular vesicles are translocated to the apical plasma membrane and raise the water permeability of the collecting system. The basolateral step of water reabsorption is mediated by aquaporin-3 and -4, which are constitutively expressed. Drugs targeting water transport include classical diuretics, which primarily inhibit sodium transport; the new class of SGLT2 inhibitors, which promotes osmotic diuresis and the non-peptidic antagonists of the V2 receptor, which are pure aquaretic drugs. Disturbed water balance includes diabetes insipidus and hyponatremias. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. It is either related to a deficit in AVP secretion called central diabetes insipidus that can be treated by AVP analogs or to a peripheral defect in AVP response called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus can be either of genetic origin or acquired. Hyponatremia is a common disorder most often related to free water excess relying on overstimulated or inappropriate AVP secretion. The assessment of blood volume is key for the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia, which can be classified as hypo-, eu-, or hypervolemic.
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Oliveira CBD, Garcia AKA, Nascimento LAD, Conchon MF, Furuya RK, Rodrigues R, Fonseca LF. Effects of carbohydrate use on preoperative thirst: a randomized clinical trial. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75:e20210355. [PMID: 35894410 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to evaluate the effectiveness of carbohydrate popsicles, carbohydrate solution, and usual care (fasting) on the intensity and discomfort of preoperative thirst. METHODS a randomized clinical trial with 60 preoperative patients aged between 18 and 60 years, randomized into three groups: control (fasting), carbohydrate solution (100 ml), and carbohydrate popsicle (100 ml). The outcomes were thirst intensity and discomfort. RESULTS there was a difference between groups for final thirst intensity (p = 0.01) and final thirst discomfort (p = 0.001). The effect size for both the Solution Group and the Popsicle Group was robust: 0.99 and 1.14, respectively. CONCLUSIONS the groups that received the carbohydrate fasting abbreviation showed a reduction in thirst discomfort compared to the control group. The carbohydrate popsicle proved more effective in reducing the intensity of thirst. NCT: 3.209.283.
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Islam MT, Rumpf F, Tsuno Y, Kodani S, Sakurai T, Matsui A, Maejima T, Mieda M. Vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus promote wakefulness via lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3871-3885.e4. [PMID: 35907397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The sleep-wakefulness cycle is regulated by complicated neural networks that include many different populations of neurons throughout the brain. Arginine vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVHAVP) regulate various physiological events and behaviors, such as body-fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, stress response, social interaction, and feeding. Changes in arousal level often accompany these PVHAVP-mediated adaptive responses. However, the contribution of PVHAVP neurons to sleep-wakefulness regulation has remained unknown. Here, we report the involvement of PVHAVP neurons in arousal promotion. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHAVP neurons rapidly induced transitions to wakefulness from both NREM and REM sleep. This arousal effect was dependent on AVP expression in these neurons. Similarly, chemogenetic activation of PVHAVP neurons increased wakefulness and reduced NREM and REM sleep, whereas chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons significantly reduced wakefulness and increased NREM sleep. We observed dense projections of PVHAVP neurons in the lateral hypothalamus with potential connections to orexin/hypocretin (LHOrx) neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHAVP neuronal fibers in the LH immediately induced wakefulness, whereas blocking orexin receptors attenuated the arousal effect of PVHAVP neuronal activation drastically. Monosynaptic rabies-virus tracing revealed that PVHAVP neurons receive inputs from multiple brain regions involved in sleep-wakefulness regulation, as well as those involved in stress response and energy metabolism. Moreover, PVHAVP neurons mediated the arousal induced by novelty stress and a melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II. Thus, our data suggested that PVHAVP neurons promote wakefulness via LHOrx neurons in the basal sleep-wakefulness and some stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tarikul Islam
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Florian Rumpf
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Beatrice-Edgell-Weg 21, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yusuke Tsuno
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shota Kodani
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Faculty of Medicine/WPI-IIIS, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsui
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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Rosinger AY, Bethancourt HJ, Swanson ZS, Lopez K, Kenney WL, Huanca T, Conde E, Nzunza R, Ndiema E, Braun DR, Pontzer H. Cross-cultural variation in thirst perception in hot-humid and hot-arid environments: Evidence from two small-scale populations. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23715. [PMID: 34942040 PMCID: PMC9177510 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thirst is an evolved central homeostatic feedback system that helps regulate body water for survival. Little research has examined how early development and exposure to extreme environments and water availability affect thirst perception, particularly outside Western settings. Therefore, we compared two indicators of perceived thirst (current thirst and pleasantness of drinking water) using visual scales among Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists in the hot-humid Bolivian Amazon and Daasanach agro-pastoralists in hot-arid Northern Kenya. METHODS We examined how these measures of perceived thirst were associated with hydration status (urine specific gravity), ambient temperatures, birth season, age, and population-specific characteristics for 607 adults (n = 378 Tsimane', n = 229 Daasanach) aged 18+ using multi-level mixed-effect regressions. RESULTS Tsimane' had higher perceived thirst than Daasanach. Across populations, hydration status was unrelated to both measures of thirst. There was a significant interaction between birth season and temperature on pleasantness of drinking water, driven by Kenya data. Daasanach born in the wet season (in utero during less water availability) had blunted pleasantness of drinking water at higher temperatures compared to those born in the dry season (in utero during greater water availability). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest hydration status is not a reliable predictor of thirst perceptions in extreme-hot environments with ad libitum drinking. Rather, our findings, which require additional confirmation, point to the importance of water availability during gestation in affecting thirst sensitivity to heat and water feedback mechanisms, particularly in arid environments. Thirst regulation will be increasingly important to understand given climate change driven exposures to extreme heat and water insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y. Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hilary J. Bethancourt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zane S. Swanson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaylee Lopez
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - W. Larry Kenney
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tomas Huanca
- Centro Boliviano de Investigación y Desarrollo Socio Integral, San Borja, Bolivia
| | - Esther Conde
- Centro Boliviano de Investigación y Desarrollo Socio Integral, San Borja, Bolivia
| | - Rosemary Nzunza
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Ndiema
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David R. Braun
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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48
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Islam MT, Maejima T, Matsui A, Mieda M. Paraventricular hypothalamic vasopressin neurons induce self-grooming in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:47. [PMID: 35606816 PMCID: PMC9125887 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-grooming plays an essential role in hygiene maintenance, thermoregulation, and stress response. However, the neural populations involved in self-grooming remain largely unknown. The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) has been implicated in the regulation of self-grooming. Arginine vasopressin-producing neurons are among the major neuronal populations in the PVH (PVHAVP), which play important roles in water homeostasis, blood pressure regulation, feeding, and stress response. Here, we report the critical role of PVHAVP neurons in the induction of self-grooming. Optogenetic activation of PVHAVP neurons immediately induced self-grooming in freely moving mice. Chemogenetic activation of these neurons also increased time spent self-grooming. In contrast, their chemogenetic inhibition significantly reduced naturally occurring self-grooming, suggesting that PVHAVP-induced grooming has physiological relevance. Notably, optogenetic activation of PVHAVP neurons triggered self-grooming over other adaptive behaviors, such as voracious feeding induced by fasting and social interaction with female mice. Thus, our study proposes the novel role of PVHAVP neurons in regulating self-grooming behavior and, consequently, hygiene maintenance and stress response. Furthermore, uncontrolled activation of these neurons may be potentially relevant to diseases characterized by compulsive behaviors and impaired social interaction, such as autism, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tarikul Islam
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsui
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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Williams JA, Long SY, Zeng X, Kuehl K, Babka AM, Davis NM, Liu J, Trefry JC, Daye S, Facemire PR, Iversen PL, Bavari S, Pitt ML, Nasar F. Eastern equine encephalitis virus rapidly infects and disseminates in the brain and spinal cord of cynomolgus macaques following aerosol challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010081. [PMID: 35533188 PMCID: PMC9084534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is mosquito-borne virus that produces fatal encephalitis in humans. We recently conducted a first of its kind study to investigate EEEV clinical disease course following aerosol challenge in a cynomolgus macaque model utilizing the state-of-the-art telemetry to measure critical physiological parameters. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive pathology study of NHP tissues collected at euthanasia to gain insights into EEEV pathogenesis. Viral RNA and proteins as well as microscopic lesions were absent in the visceral organs. In contrast, viral RNA and proteins were readily detected throughout the brain including autonomic nervous system (ANS) control centers and spinal cord. However, despite presence of viral RNA and proteins, majority of the brain and spinal cord tissues exhibited minimal or no microscopic lesions. The virus tropism was restricted primarily to neurons, and virus particles (~61–68 nm) were present within axons of neurons and throughout the extracellular spaces. However, active virus replication was absent or minimal in majority of the brain and was limited to regions proximal to the olfactory tract. These data suggest that EEEV initially replicates in/near the olfactory bulb following aerosol challenge and is rapidly transported to distal regions of the brain by exploiting the neuronal axonal transport system to facilitate neuron-to-neuron spread. Once within the brain, the virus gains access to the ANS control centers likely leading to disruption and/or dysregulation of critical physiological parameters to produce severe disease. Moreover, the absence of microscopic lesions strongly suggests that the underlying mechanism of EEEV pathogenesis is due to neuronal dysfunction rather than neuronal death. This study is the first comprehensive investigation into EEEV pathology in a NHP model and will provide significant insights into the evaluation of countermeasure. EEEV is an arbovirus endemic in parts of North America and is able to produce fatal encephalitis in humans and domesticated animals. Despite multiple human outbreaks during the last 80 years, there are still no therapeutic or vaccines to treat or prevent human disease. One critical obstacle in the development of effective countermeasure is the lack of insights into EEEV pathogenesis in a susceptible animal host. We recently conducted a study in cynomolgus macaques to investigate the disease course by measuring clinical parameters relevant to humans. Following infection, these parameters were rapidly and profoundly altered leading to severe disease. In this study, we examined the potential mechanisms that underlie pathogenesis to cause severe disease. The virus was present in many parts of the brain and spinal cord, however, minimal or no pathological lesions as well as active virus replication were observed. Additionally, neurons were the predominant target of EEEV infection and virus transport was facilitated via axonal transport system to spread neuron-to-neuron throughout the brain and spinal cord. These data show that EEEV likely hijacks essential transport system to rapidly spread in the brain and local/global neuronal dysfunction rather than neuronal death is the principal cause of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A. Williams
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simon Y. Long
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Kuehl
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - April M. Babka
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neil M. Davis
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun Liu
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John C. Trefry
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Daye
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Facemire
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick L. Iversen
- Therapeutics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sina Bavari
- Office of the Commander, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret L. Pitt
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Office of the Commander, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLP); , (FN)
| | - Farooq Nasar
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLP); , (FN)
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50
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Kurt G, Kodur N, Quiles CR, Reynolds C, Eagle A, Mayer T, Brown J, Makela A, Bugescu R, Seo HD, Carroll QE, Daniels D, Robison AJ, Mazei-Robison M, Leinninger G. Time to drink: Activating lateral hypothalamic area neurotensin neurons promotes intake of fluid over food in a time-dependent manner. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113707. [PMID: 35063424 PMCID: PMC8844224 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is essential for ingestive behavior but has primarily been studied in modulating feeding, with comparatively scant attention on drinking. This is partly because most LHA neurons simultaneously promote feeding and drinking, suggesting that ingestive behaviors track together. A notable exception are LHA neurons expressing neurotensin (LHANts neurons): activating these neurons promotes water intake but modestly restrains feeding. Here we investigated the connectivity of LHANts neurons, their necessity and sufficiency for drinking and feeding, and how timing and resource availability influence their modulation of these behaviors. LHANts neurons project broadly throughout the brain, including to the lateral preoptic area (LPO), a brain region implicated in modulating drinking behavior. LHANts neurons also receive inputs from brain regions implicated in sensing hydration and energy status. While activation of LHANts neurons is not required to maintain homeostatic water or food intake, it selectively promotes drinking during the light cycle, when ingestive drive is low. Activating LHANts neurons during this period also increases willingness to work for water or palatable fluids, regardless of their caloric content. By contrast, LHANts neuronal activation during the dark cycle does not promote drinking, but suppresses feeding during this time. Finally, we demonstrate that the activation of the LHANts → LPO projection is sufficient to mediate drinking behavior, but does not suppress feeding as observed after generally activating all LHANts neurons. Overall, our work suggests how and when LHANts neurons oppositely modulate ingestive behaviors.
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Key Words
- ARC, Arcuate nucleus
- CEA, Central amygdala
- CNO, Clozapine N-Oxide
- CPP, Conditioned place preference
- DR, Dorsal raphe
- DREADD
- DREADD, Designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs
- FR-1, Fixed ratio-1
- LHA
- LHA(Nts), Lateral hypothalamic area neuotensin-expressing
- LHA, Lateral hypothalamic area
- LPO, Lateral preoptic area
- LT, Lateral terminalis
- LepRb, Long form of the leptin receptor
- MnPO, Median preoptic area
- ModRabies, Genetically modified rabies virus, EnvA-∆G-Rabies-mCherry
- NTS, Nucleus of solitary tract
- Nts, Neurotensin
- NtsR1, Neurotensin receptor-1
- NtsR2, Neurotensin receptor-2
- OVLT, Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
- PAG, Periaqueductal gray
- PB, Parabrachial area
- PR, Progressive ratio
- PVH, Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
- SFO, Subfornical organ
- SNc, Substantia nigra compacta
- SO, Supraoptic nucleus
- TVA, avian viral receptor protein
- VEH, Vehicle
- VTA, Ventral tegmental area
- WT, Wild type
- Water
- aCSF, Artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- body weight
- feeding
- homeostasis
- lHb, Lateral habenula
- lateral preoptic area (LPO)
- neurotensin receptor
- reward
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kurt
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nandan Kodur
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tom Mayer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juliette Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anna Makela
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Harim Delgado Seo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Quinn E Carroll
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA
| | - Derek Daniels
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Gina Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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