1
|
Dubinsky JM, Hamid AA. The neuroscience of active learning and direct instruction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105737. [PMID: 38796122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the educational system, students experiencing active learning pedagogy perform better and fail less than those taught through direct instruction. Can this be ascribed to differences in learning from a neuroscientific perspective? This review examines mechanistic, neuroscientific evidence that might explain differences in cognitive engagement contributing to learning outcomes between these instructional approaches. In classrooms, direct instruction comprehensively describes academic content, while active learning provides structured opportunities for learners to explore, apply, and manipulate content. Synaptic plasticity and its modulation by arousal or novelty are central to all learning and both approaches. As a form of social learning, direct instruction relies upon working memory. The reinforcement learning circuit, associated agency, curiosity, and peer-to-peer social interactions combine to enhance motivation, improve retention, and build higher-order-thinking skills in active learning environments. When working memory becomes overwhelmed, additionally engaging the reinforcement learning circuit improves retention, providing an explanation for the benefits of active learning. This analysis provides a mechanistic examination of how emerging neuroscience principles might inform pedagogical choices at all educational levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Arif A Hamid
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koek LA, Sanderson TM, Georgiou J, Collingridge GL. The role of calcium stores in long-term potentiation and synaptic tagging and capture in mouse hippocampus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230241. [PMID: 38853556 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The roles of Ca2+-induced calcium release in synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity are poorly understood. The present study has addressed the role of intracellular Ca2+ stores in long-term potentiation (LTP) and a form of heterosynaptic metaplasticity known as synaptic tagging and capture (STC) at CA1 synapses in mouse hippocampal slices. The effects of two compounds, ryanodine and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), were examined on LTP induced by three distinct induction protocols: weak (w), compressed (c) and spaced (s) theta-burst stimulation (TBS). These compounds did not significantly affect LTP induced by the wTBS (one episode of TBS; 25 stimuli) or cTBS (three such episodes with a 10 s inter-episode interval (IEI); 75 stimuli) but substantially inhibited LTP induced by a sTBS (10 min IEI; 75 stimuli). Ryanodine and CPA also prevented a small heterosynaptic potentiation that was observed with the sTBS protocol. Interestingly, these compounds also prevented STC when present during either the sTBS or the subsequent wTBS, applied to an independent input. All of these effects of ryanodine and CPA were similar to that of a calcium-permeable AMPA receptor blocker. In conclusion, Ca2+ stores provide one way in which signals are propagated between synaptic inputs and, by virtue of their role in STC, may be involved in associative long-term memories. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Koek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Thomas M Sanderson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bin Ibrahim MZ, Wang Z, Sajikumar S. Synapses tagged, memories kept: synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis in brain health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230237. [PMID: 38853570 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The synaptic tagging and capture (STC) hypothesis lays the framework on the synapse-specific mechanism of protein synthesis-dependent long-term plasticity upon synaptic induction. Activated synapses will display a transient tag that will capture plasticity-related products (PRPs). These two events, tag setting and PRP synthesis, can be teased apart and have been studied extensively-from their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties to the molecular events involved. Consequently, the hypothesis also permits interactions of synaptic populations that encode different memories within the same neuronal population-hence, it gives rise to the associativity of plasticity. In this review, the recent advances and progress since the experimental debut of the STC hypothesis will be shared. This includes the role of neuromodulation in PRP synthesis and tag integrity, behavioural correlates of the hypothesis and modelling in silico. STC, as a more sensitive assay for synaptic health, can also assess neuronal aberrations. We will also expound how synaptic plasticity and associativity are altered in ageing-related decline and pathological conditions such as juvenile stress, cancer, sleep deprivation and Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zijun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heer CM, Sheffield MEJ. Distinct catecholaminergic pathways projecting to hippocampal CA1 transmit contrasting signals during navigation in familiar and novel environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.29.569214. [PMID: 38076843 PMCID: PMC10705417 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulatory inputs to the hippocampus play pivotal roles in modulating synaptic plasticity, shaping neuronal activity, and influencing learning and memory. Recently it has been shown that the main sources of catecholamines to the hippocampus, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus coeruleus (LC), may have overlapping release of neurotransmitters and effects on the hippocampus. Therefore, to dissect the impacts of both VTA and LC circuits on hippocampal function, a thorough examination of how these pathways might differentially operate during behavior and learning is necessary. We therefore utilized 2-photon microscopy to functionally image the activity of VTA and LC axons within the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in head-fixed male mice navigating linear paths within virtual reality (VR) environments. We found that within familiar environments some VTA axons and the vast majority of LC axons showed a correlation with the animals' running speed. However, as mice approached previously learned rewarded locations, a large majority of VTA axons exhibited a gradual ramping-up of activity, peaking at the reward location. In contrast, LC axons displayed a pre-movement signal predictive of the animal's transition from immobility to movement. Interestingly, a marked divergence emerged following a switch from the familiar to novel VR environments. Many LC axons showed large increases in activity that remained elevated for over a minute, while the previously observed VTA axon ramping-to-reward dynamics disappeared during the same period. In conclusion, these findings highlight distinct roles of VTA and LC catecholaminergic inputs in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region. These inputs encode unique information, with reward information in VTA inputs and novelty and kinematic information in LC inputs, likely contributing to differential modulation of hippocampal activity during behavior and learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Heer
- The Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark E J Sheffield
- The Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Faress I, Khalil V, Hou WH, Moreno A, Andersen N, Fonseca R, Piriz J, Capogna M, Nabavi S. Non-Hebbian plasticity transforms transient experiences into lasting memories. eLife 2024; 12:RP91421. [PMID: 39023519 PMCID: PMC11257676 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The dominant models of learning and memory, such as Hebbian plasticity, propose that experiences are transformed into memories through input-specific synaptic plasticity at the time of learning. However, synaptic plasticity is neither strictly input-specific nor restricted to the time of its induction. The impact of such forms of non-Hebbian plasticity on memory has been difficult to test, and hence poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that synaptic manipulations can deviate from the Hebbian model of learning, yet produce a lasting memory. First, we established a weak associative conditioning protocol in mice, where optogenetic stimulation of sensory thalamic input to the amygdala was paired with a footshock, but no detectable memory was formed. However, when the same input was potentiated minutes before or after, or even 24 hr later, the associative experience was converted into a lasting memory. Importantly, potentiating an independent input to the amygdala minutes but not 24 hr after the pairing produced a lasting memory. Thus, our findings suggest that the process of transformation of a transient experience into a memory is neither restricted to the time of the experience nor to the synapses triggered by it; instead, it can be influenced by past and future events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Faress
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Valentina Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Wen-Hsien Hou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Andrea Moreno
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Niels Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Rosalina Fonseca
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Joaquin Piriz
- Instituto de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Marco Capogna
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| | - Sadegh Nabavi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory – PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAahrusDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shakhawat AMD, Foltz JG, Nance AB, Bhateja J, Raymond JL. Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. eLife 2024; 12:RP92543. [PMID: 38953282 PMCID: PMC11219043 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2-Db (MHCI KbDb-/-), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb-/-mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin MD Shakhawat
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Adam B Nance
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jaydev Bhateja
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Walia V, Wal P, Mishra S, Agrawal A, Kosey S, Dilipkumar Patil A. Potential role of oxytocin in the regulation of memories and treatment of memory disorders. Peptides 2024; 177:171222. [PMID: 38649032 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is an "affiliative" hormone or neurohormone or neuropeptide consists of nine amino acids, synthesized in magnocellular neurons of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of hypothalamus. OXT receptors are widely distributed in various region of brain and OXT has been shown to regulate various social and nonsocial behavior. Hippocampus is the main region which regulates the learning and memory. Hippocampus particularly regulates the acquisition of new memories and retention of acquired memories. OXT has been shown to regulate the synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and consolidation of memories. Further, findings from both preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the OXT treatment improves performance in memory related task. Various trials have suggested the positive impact of intranasal OXT in the dementia patients. However, these studies are limited in number. In the present study authors have highlighted the role of OXT in the formation and retrieval of memories. Further, the study demonstrated the outcome of OXT treatment in various memory and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, UP 209305, India
| | - Shweta Mishra
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ankur Agrawal
- Jai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Sourabh Kosey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Aditya Dilipkumar Patil
- Founder, Tech Hom Research Solutions (THRS), Plot no. 38, 1st floor, opposite to biroba mandir, near ST stand, Satara, Maharashtra 415110, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papenberg G, Karalija N, Johansson J, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. The influence of hippocampal dopamine D2 receptor losses on episodic-memory decline across 5 years is moderated by BDNF and KIBRA polymorphisms. Cortex 2024; 176:53-61. [PMID: 38749085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Losses in dopamine (DA) functioning may contribute to aging-related decline in cognition. Hippocampal DA is necessary for successful episodic memory formation. Previously, we reported that higher DA D2 receptor (D2DR) availability in hippocampus is beneficial for episodic memory only in older carriers of more advantageous genotypes of well-established plasticity-related genetic variations, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, rs6265) and the kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA, rs17070145) polymorphisms. Extending our observations to the longitudinal level, the current data show that individuals with one or no beneficial BDNF and KIBRA genotype (n = 80) decline more in episodic memory across five years, without any contribution of losses in hippocampal D2DR availability to memory decline. Although carriers of two beneficial genotypes (n = 39) did not decline overall in episodic memory, losses of hippocampal D2DR availability were predictive of episodic-memory decline among these individuals. Our findings have implications for interventions targeting DA modulation to enhance episodic memory in aging, which may not benefit all older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsokas P, Hsieh C, Flores-Obando RE, Bernabo M, Tcherepanov A, Hernández AI, Thomas C, Bergold PJ, Cottrell JE, Kremerskothen J, Shouval HZ, Nader K, Fenton AA, Sacktor TC. KIBRA anchoring the action of PKMζ maintains the persistence of memory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0030. [PMID: 38924398 PMCID: PMC11204205 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
How can short-lived molecules selectively maintain the potentiation of activated synapses to sustain long-term memory? Here, we find kidney and brain expressed adaptor protein (KIBRA), a postsynaptic scaffolding protein genetically linked to human memory performance, complexes with protein kinase Mzeta (PKMζ), anchoring the kinase's potentiating action to maintain late-phase long-term potentiation (late-LTP) at activated synapses. Two structurally distinct antagonists of KIBRA-PKMζ dimerization disrupt established late-LTP and long-term spatial memory, yet neither measurably affects basal synaptic transmission. Neither antagonist affects PKMζ-independent LTP or memory that are maintained by compensating PKCs in ζ-knockout mice; thus, both agents require PKMζ for their effect. KIBRA-PKMζ complexes maintain 1-month-old memory despite PKMζ turnover. Therefore, it is not PKMζ alone, nor KIBRA alone, but the continual interaction between the two that maintains late-LTP and long-term memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Tsokas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Changchi Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Rafael E. Flores-Obando
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Matteo Bernabo
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Andrew Tcherepanov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - A. Iván Hernández
- Department of Pathology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Christian Thomas
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department of Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter J. Bergold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - James E. Cottrell
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department of Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Harel Z. Shouval
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karim Nader
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - André A. Fenton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Neuroscience Institute at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Todd C. Sacktor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peshev B, Ivanova P, Krushovlieva D, Kortenska L, Atanasova D, Rashev P, Lazarov N, Tchekalarova J. Predatory Odor Exposure as a Potential Paradigm for Studying Emotional Modulation of Memory Consolidation-The Role of the Noradrenergic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6576. [PMID: 38928281 PMCID: PMC11204360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the emotional modulation of hippocampal plasticity and memory consolidation is well-established. Specifically, multiple studies have demonstrated that the activation of the noradrenergic (NA) system within the BLA governs these modulatory effects. However, most current evidence has been obtained by direct infusion of synthetic NA or beta-adrenergic agonists. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of endogenous NA release in the BLA, induced by a natural aversive stimulus (coyote urine), on memory consolidation for a low-arousing, hippocampal-dependent task. Our experiments combined a weak object location task (OLT) version with subsequent mild predator odor exposure (POE). To investigate the role of endogenous NA in the BLA in memory modulation, a subset of the animals (Wistar rats) was treated with the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol at the end of the behavioral procedures. Hippocampal tissue was collected 90 min after drug infusion or after the OLT test, which was performed 24 h later. We used the obtained samples to estimate the levels of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc)-two molecular markers of experience-dependent changes in neuronal activity. The result suggests that POE has the potential to become a valuable behavioral paradigm for studying the interaction between BLA and the hippocampus in memory prioritization and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogomil Peshev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.P.); (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Petya Ivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.P.); (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Desislava Krushovlieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.P.); (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Lidia Kortenska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.P.); (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.P.); (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.); (D.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6003 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Rashev
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.P.); (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.); (D.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nunes M, Madeira N, Fonseca R. Cdc42 activation is necessary for heterosynaptic cooperation and competition. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103921. [PMID: 38428552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses change their weights in response to neuronal activity and in turn, neuronal networks alter their response properties and ultimately allow the brain to store information as memories. As for memories, not all events are maintained over time. Maintenance of synaptic plasticity depends on the interplay between functional changes at synapses and the synthesis of plasticity-related proteins that are involved in stabilizing the initial functional changes. Different forms of synaptic plasticity coexist in time and across the neuronal dendritic area. Thus, homosynaptic plasticity refers to activity-dependent synaptic modifications that are input-specific, whereas heterosynaptic plasticity relates to changes in non-activated synapses. Heterosynaptic forms of plasticity, such as synaptic cooperation and competition allow neurons to integrate events that occur separated by relatively large time windows, up to one hour. Here, we show that activation of Cdc42, a Rho GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics, is necessary for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in a time-dependent manner. Inhibiting Cdc42 activation does not alter the time-course of LTP induction and its initial expression but blocks its late maintenance. We show that Cdc42 activation is involved in the phosphorylation of cofilin, a protein involved in modulating actin filaments and that weak and strong synaptic activation leads to similar levels on cofilin phosphorylation, despite different levels of LTP expression. We show that Cdc42 activation is required for synapses to interact by cooperation or competition, supporting the hypothesis that modulation of the actin cytoskeleton provides an activity-dependent and time-restricted permissive state of synapses allowing synaptic plasticity to occur. We found that under competition, the sequence in which synapses are activated determines the degree of LTP destabilization, demonstrating that competition is an active destabilization process. Taken together, we show that modulation of actin cytoskeleton by Cdc42 activation is necessary for the expression of homosynaptic and heterosynaptic forms of plasticity. Determining the temporal and spatial rules that determine whether synapses cooperate or compete will allow us to understand how memories are associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natália Madeira
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosalina Fonseca
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choucry A, Nomoto M, Inokuchi K. Engram mechanisms of memory linking and identity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:375-392. [PMID: 38664582 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Memories are thought to be stored in neuronal ensembles referred to as engrams. Studies have suggested that when two memories occur in quick succession, a proportion of their engrams overlap and the memories become linked (in a process known as prospective linking) while maintaining their individual identities. In this Review, we summarize the key principles of memory linking through engram overlap, as revealed by experimental and modelling studies. We describe evidence of the involvement of synaptic memory substrates, spine clustering and non-linear neuronal capacities in prospective linking, and suggest a dynamic somato-synaptic model, in which memories are shared between neurons yet remain separable through distinct dendritic and synaptic allocation patterns. We also bring into focus retrospective linking, in which memories become associated after encoding via offline reactivation, and discuss key temporal and mechanistic differences between prospective and retrospective linking, as well as the potential differences in their cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Choucry
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Montaser-Kouhsari L, Nicholas J, Gerraty RT, Shohamy D. Two routes to value-based decisions in Parkinson's disease: differentiating incremental reinforcement learning from episodic memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592414. [PMID: 38746345 PMCID: PMC11092770 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease are impaired at incremental reward-based learning. It is typically assumed that this impairment reflects a loss of striatal dopamine. However, many open questions remain about the nature of reward-based learning deficits in Parkinson's. Recent studies have found that a combination of different cognitive and computational strategies contribute even to simple reward-based learning tasks, suggesting a possible role for episodic memory. These findings raise critical questions about how incremental learning and episodic memory interact to support learning from past experience and what their relative contributions are to impaired decision-making in Parkinson's disease. Here we addressed these questions by asking patients with Parkinson's disease (n=26) both on and off their dopamine replacement medication and age- and education-matched healthy controls (n=26) to complete a task designed to isolate the contributions of incremental learning and episodic memory to reward-based learning and decision-making. We found that Parkinson's patients performed as well as healthy controls when using episodic memory, but were impaired at incremental reward-based learning. Dopamine replacement medication remediated this deficit while enhancing subsequent episodic memory for the value of motivationally relevant stimuli. These results demonstrate that Parkinson's patients are impaired at learning about reward from trial-and-error when episodic memory is properly controlled for, and that learning based on the value of single experiences remains intact in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Park I, Kim HJ, Shin J, Jung YJ, Lee D, Lim J, Park JM, Park JW, Kim J. AFM Imaging Reveals MicroRNA-132 to be a Positive Regulator of Synaptic Functions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306630. [PMID: 38493494 PMCID: PMC11077659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The modification of synaptic and neural connections in adults, including the formation and removal of synapses, depends on activity-dependent synaptic and structural plasticity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating these changes by targeting specific genes and regulating their expression. The fact that somatic and dendritic activity in neurons often occurs asynchronously highlights the need for spatial and dynamic regulation of protein synthesis in specific milieu and cellular loci. MicroRNAs, which can show distinct patterns of enrichment, help to establish the localized distribution of plasticity-related proteins. The recent study using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoscale imaging reveals that the abundance of miRNA(miR)-134 is inversely correlated with the functional activity of dendritic spine structures. However, the miRNAs that are selectively upregulated in potentiated synapses, and which can thereby support prospective changes in synaptic efficacy, remain largely unknown. Using AFM force imaging, significant increases in miR-132 in the dendritic regions abutting functionally-active spines is discovered. This study provides evidence for miR-132 as a novel positive miRNA regulator residing in dendritic shafts, and also suggests that activity-dependent miRNAs localized in distinct sub-compartments of neurons play bi-directional roles in controlling synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikbum Park
- Technical Support Center for Chemical IndustryKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Ulsan44412Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Shin
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Center for Specialty ChemicalsKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Ulsan44412Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Lee
- Division of Electronics and Information SystemDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐seon Lim
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Mok Park
- Technical Support Center for Chemical IndustryKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Ulsan44412Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Won Park
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Joung‐Hun Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Albesa-González A, Clopath C. Learning with filopodia and spines: Complementary strong and weak competition lead to specialized, graded, and protected receptive fields. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012110. [PMID: 38743789 PMCID: PMC11125506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are thin synaptic protrusions that have been long known to play an important role in early development. Recently, they have been found to be more abundant in the adult cortex than previously thought, and more plastic than spines (button-shaped mature synapses). Inspired by these findings, we introduce a new model of synaptic plasticity that jointly describes learning of filopodia and spines. The model assumes that filopodia exhibit strongly competitive learning dynamics -similarly to additive spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). At the same time it proposes that, if filopodia undergo sufficient potentiation, they consolidate into spines. Spines follow weakly competitive learning, classically associated with multiplicative, soft-bounded models of STDP. This makes spines more stable and sensitive to the fine structure of input correlations. We show that our learning rule has a selectivity comparable to additive STDP and captures input correlations as well as multiplicative models of STDP. We also show how it can protect previously formed memories and perform synaptic consolidation. Overall, our results can be seen as a phenomenological description of how filopodia and spines could cooperate to overcome the individual difficulties faced by strong and weak competition mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lazarov O, Gupta M, Kumar P, Morrissey Z, Phan T. Memory circuits in dementia: The engram, hippocampal neurogenesis and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 236:102601. [PMID: 38570083 PMCID: PMC11221328 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Here, we provide an in-depth consideration of our current understanding of engrams, spanning from molecular to network levels, and hippocampal neurogenesis, in health and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review highlights novel findings in these emerging research fields and future research directions for novel therapeutic avenues for memory failure in dementia. Engrams, memory in AD, and hippocampal neurogenesis have each been extensively studied. The integration of these topics, however, has been relatively less deliberated, and is the focus of this review. We primarily focus on the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, which is a key area of episodic memory formation. Episodic memory is significantly impaired in AD, and is also the site of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Advancements in technology, especially opto- and chemogenetics, have made sophisticated manipulations of engram cells possible. Furthermore, innovative methods have emerged for monitoring neurons, even specific neuronal populations, in vivo while animals engage in tasks, such as calcium imaging. In vivo calcium imaging contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of engram cells. Critically, studies of the engram in the DG using these technologies have shown the important contribution of hippocampal neurogenesis for memory in both health and AD. Together, the discussion of these topics provides a holistic perspective that motivates questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zachery Morrissey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Trongha Phan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reicher V, Kovács T, Csibra B, Gácsi M. Potential interactive effect of positive expectancy violation and sleep on memory consolidation in dogs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9487. [PMID: 38664506 PMCID: PMC11045790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs, as in humans, both emotional and learning pretreatment affect subsequent behaviour and sleep. Although learning often occurs in an emotional-social context, the emotion-learning interplay in such context remain mainly unknown. Aims were to assess the effects of Controlling versus Permissive (emotional factors) training (learning factors) styles on dogs' behaviour, learning performance, and sleep. Family dogs (N = 24) participated in two command learning sessions employing the two training styles with each session followed by assessment of learning performance, a 2-h-long non-invasive sleep EEG measurement, and a retest of learning performance. Pre- to post-sleep improvement in learning performance was evident in dogs that received the Permissive training during the second learning session, indicating that dogs that experienced a more rewarding situation than expected (positive expectancy violation) during the second training session showed improved learning success after their afternoon sleep. These results possibly indicate an interactive effect of expectancy violation and sleep on enhancing learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Reicher
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tímea Kovács
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Csibra
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hoang TH, Manahan-Vaughan D. Differentiated somatic gene expression is triggered in the dorsal hippocampus and the anterior retrosplenial cortex by hippocampal synaptic plasticity prompted by spatial content learning. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:639-655. [PMID: 37690045 PMCID: PMC10978647 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal afferent inputs, terminating on proximal and distal subfields of the cornus ammonis (CA), enable the functional discrimination of 'what' (item identity) and 'where' (spatial location) elements of a spatial representation. This kind of information is supported by structures such as the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Spatial content learning promotes the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, particularly long-term depression (LTD). In the CA1 region, this is specifically facilitated by the learning of item-place features of a spatial environment. Gene-tagging, by means of time-locked fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect nuclear expression of immediate early genes, can reveal neuronal populations that engage in experience-dependent information encoding. In the current study, using FISH, we examined if learning-facilitated LTD results in subfield-specific information encoding in the hippocampus and RSC. Rats engaged in novel exploration of small items during stimulation of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. This resulted in LTD (> 24 h). FISH, to detect nuclear expression of Homer1a, revealed that the distal-CA1 and proximal-CA3 subcompartments were particularly activated by this event. By contrast, all elements of the proximodistal cornus ammonis-axis showed equal nuclear Homer1a expression following LTD induction solely by means of afferent stimulation. The RSC exhibited stronger nuclear Homer1a expression in response to learning-facilitated LTD, and to novel item-place experience, compared to LTD induced by sole afferent stimulation in CA1. These results show that both the cornus ammonis and RSC engage in differentiated information encoding of item-place learning that is salient enough, in its own right, to drive the expression of hippocampal LTD. These results also reveal a novel role of the RSC in item-place learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Huong Hoang
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 4/150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 4/150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Staresina BP. Coupled sleep rhythms for memory consolidation. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:339-351. [PMID: 38443198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
How do passing moments turn into lasting memories? Sheltered from external tasks and distractions, sleep constitutes an optimal state for the brain to reprocess and consolidate previous experiences. Recent work suggests that consolidation is governed by the intricate interaction of slow oscillations (SOs), spindles, and ripples - electrophysiological sleep rhythms that orchestrate neuronal processing and communication within and across memory circuits. This review describes how sequential SO-spindle-ripple coupling provides a temporally and spatially fine-tuned mechanism to selectively strengthen target memories across hippocampal and cortical networks. Coupled sleep rhythms might be harnessed not only to enhance overnight memory retention, but also to combat memory decline associated with healthy ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard P Staresina
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park H, Kaang BK. Memory allocation at the neuronal and synaptic levels. BMB Rep 2024; 57:176-181. [PMID: 37964638 PMCID: PMC11058361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory allocation, which determines where memories are stored in specific neurons or synapses, has consistently been demonstrated to occur via specific mechanisms. Neuronal allocation studies have focused on the activated population of neurons and have shown that increased excitability via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) induces a bias toward memoryencoding neurons. Synaptic allocation suggests that synaptic tagging enables memory to be mediated through different synaptic strengthening mechanisms, even within a single neuron. In this review, we summarize the fundamental concepts of memory allocation at the neuronal and synaptic levels and discuss their potential interrelationships. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(4): 176-181].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HyoJin Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koevoet D, Postma A. Is there selective retroactive memory enhancement in humans?: a meta-analysis. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:531-540. [PMID: 37749381 PMCID: PMC11061014 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Memory is an adaptive and flexible system that preferentially stores motivationally relevant information. However, in some cases information that is initially irrelevant can become relevant at a later time. The question arises whether and to what extent the memory system can retroactively boost memories of the initially irrelevant information. Experimental studies in animals and humans have provided evidence for such retroactive memory boosting. Additionally, these studies suggest that retroactive memory enhancement (RME) can be selective to the semantic meaning of the material. Nonetheless, recent experimental work could not replicate these findings, posing the question whether the selective RME effect is reliable. To synthesize the available evidence, we conducted meta-analyses of 14 experiments. Although the classical meta-analytic procedure suggested a small selective RME effect, Cohen's dz = 0.16, when accounting for small-study bias using robust Bayesian meta-analysis the null hypothesis was supported, Cohen's dz = 0.02, BF01 = 3.03. Furthermore strong evidence was found for a bias due to small-study effects, BF10 = 11.39. Together, this calls the reliability of a selective RME effect into question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Koevoet
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quintanilla J, Jia Y, Pruess BS, Chavez J, Gall CM, Lynch G, Gunn BG. Pre- versus Post-synaptic Forms of LTP in Two Branches of the Same Hippocampal Afferent. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1449232024. [PMID: 38326038 PMCID: PMC10919254 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1449-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable controversy about pre- versus postsynaptic expression of memory-related long-term potentiation (LTP), with corresponding disputes about underlying mechanisms. We report here an instance in male mice, in which both types of potentiation are expressed but in separate branches of the same hippocampal afferent. Induction of LTP in the dentate gyrus (DG) branch of the lateral perforant path (LPP) reduces paired-pulse facilitation, is blocked by antagonism of cannabinoid receptor type 1, and is not affected by suppression of postsynaptic actin polymerization. These observations are consistent with presynaptic expression. The opposite pattern of results was obtained in the LPP branch that innervates the distal dendrites of CA3: LTP did not reduce paired-pulse facilitation, was unaffected by the cannabinoid receptor blocker, and required postsynaptic actin filament assembly. Differences in the two LPP termination sites were also noted for frequency facilitation of synaptic responses, an effect that was reproduced in a two-step simulation by small adjustments to vesicle release dynamics. These results indicate that different types of glutamatergic neurons impose different forms of filtering and synaptic plasticity on their afferents. They also suggest that inputs are routed to, and encoded by, different sites within the hippocampus depending upon the pattern of activity arriving over the parent axon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Quintanilla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Y Jia
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - B S Pruess
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - J Chavez
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - C M Gall
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
- Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - G Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
- Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - B G Gunn
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stetak AL, Grenal T, Lenninger Z, Knight KM, Doser RL, Hoerndli FJ. A Necessary Role for PKC-2 and TPA-1 in Olfactory Memory and Synaptic AMPAR Trafficking in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1120232024. [PMID: 38238075 PMCID: PMC10919255 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1120-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) functions are essential for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. However, the roles of specific members of the PKC family in synaptic function, learning, and memory are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of individual PKC homologs for synaptic plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans and found a differential role for pkc-2 and tpa-1, but not pkc-1 and pkc-3 in associative olfactory learning and memory. More specifically we show that PKC-2 is essential for associative learning and TPA-1 for short-term associative memory (STAM). Using endogenous labeling and cell-specific rescues, we show that TPA-1 and PKC-2 are required in AVA for their functions. Previous studies demonstrated that olfactory learning and memory in C. elegans are tied to proper synaptic content and trafficking of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor homolog GLR-1 in the AVA command interneurons. Therefore, we quantified synaptic content, transport, and delivery of GLR-1 in AVA and showed that loss of pkc-2 and tpa-1 leads to decreased transport and delivery but only a subtle decrease in GLR-1 levels at synapses. AVA-specific expression of both PKC-2 and TPA-1 rescued these defects. Finally, genetic epistasis showed that PKC-2 and TPA-1 likely act in the same pathway to control GLR-1 transport and delivery, while regulating different aspects of olfactory learning and STAM. Thus, our data tie together cell-specific functions of 2 PKCs to neuronal and behavioral outcomes in C. elegans, enabling comparative approaches to understand the evolutionarily conserved role of PKC in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila L Stetak
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Grenal
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zephyr Lenninger
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Kaz M Knight
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Rachel L Doser
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
- Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tal A, Schechtman E, Caughran B, Paller KA, Davachi L. The reach of reactivation: Effects of consciously triggered versus unconsciously triggered reactivation of associative memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313604121. [PMID: 38408248 PMCID: PMC10927514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313604121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consolidating memories for long-term storage depends on reactivation. Reactivation occurs both consciously, during wakefulness, and unconsciously, during wakefulness and sleep. While considerable work has examined conscious awake and unconscious sleep reactivation, in this study, we directly compare the consequences of conscious and unconscious reactivation during wakefulness. Forty-one participants learned associations consisting of adjective-object-position triads. Objects were clustered into distinct semantic groups (e.g., fruits, vehicles) such that we could examine consequences of reactivation on semantically related memories. After an intensive learning protocol, we systematically reactivated some of the triads by presenting the adjective as a cue. Reactivation was done so that it was consciously experienced for some triads, and only unconsciously processed for others. Memory for spatial positions, the most distal part of the association, was affected by reactivation in a consciousness-dependent and memory-strength-dependent manner. Conscious reactivation resulted in weakening of semantically related memories that were strong initially, resonating with prior findings of retrieval-induced forgetting. Unconscious reactivation, on the other hand, selectively benefited weak reactivated memories, as previously shown for reactivation during sleep. Semantically linked memories were not impaired, but rather were integrated with the reactivated memory. These results taken together demonstrate that conscious and unconscious reactivation have qualitatively different consequences. Results support a consciousness-dependent inhibition account, whereby unconscious reactivation entails less inhibition than conscious reactivation, thus allowing more liberal spread of activation. Findings set the stage for additional exploration into the role of conscious experience in memory storage and structuring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tal
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Eitan Schechtman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Bruce Caughran
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Ken A. Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Clinical Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY10962
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tamosiunaite M, Tetzlaff C, Wörgötter F. Unsupervised learning of perceptual feature combinations. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011926. [PMID: 38442095 PMCID: PMC10942261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In many situations it is behaviorally relevant for an animal to respond to co-occurrences of perceptual, possibly polymodal features, while these features alone may have no importance. Thus, it is crucial for animals to learn such feature combinations in spite of the fact that they may occur with variable intensity and occurrence frequency. Here, we present a novel unsupervised learning mechanism that is largely independent of these contingencies and allows neurons in a network to achieve specificity for different feature combinations. This is achieved by a novel correlation-based (Hebbian) learning rule, which allows for linear weight growth and which is combined with a mechanism for gradually reducing the learning rate as soon as the neuron's response becomes feature combination specific. In a set of control experiments, we show that other existing advanced learning rules cannot satisfactorily form ordered multi-feature representations. In addition, we show that networks, which use this type of learning always stabilize and converge to subsets of neurons with different feature-combination specificity. Neurons with this property may, thus, serve as an initial stage for the processing of ecologically relevant real world situations for an animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minija Tamosiunaite
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Physics Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Christian Tetzlaff
- Computational Synaptic Physiology, Department for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florentin Wörgötter
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Physics Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wen K, Shi Z, Yu P, Mo L, Sullere S, Yang V, Westneat N, Beeler JA, McGehee DS, Doiron B, Zhuang X. Opposing Motor Memories in the Direct and Indirect Pathways of the Basal Ganglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582159. [PMID: 38463990 PMCID: PMC10925233 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Loss of dopamine neurons causes motor deterioration in Parkinson's disease patients. We have previously reported that in addition to acute motor impairment, the impaired motor behavior is encoded into long-term memory in an experience-dependent and task-specific manner, a phenomenon we refer to as aberrant inhibitory motor learning. Although normal motor learning and aberrant inhibitory learning oppose each other and this is manifested in apparent motor performance, in the present study, we found that normal motor memory acquired prior to aberrant inhibitory learning remains preserved in the brain, suggesting the existence of independent storage. To investigate the neuronal circuits underlying these two opposing memories, we took advantage of the RNA-binding protein YTHDF1, an m 6 A RNA methylation reader involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and learning/memory. Conditional deletion of Ythdf1 in either D1 or D2 receptor-expressing neurons revealed that normal motor memory is stored in the D1 (direct) pathway of the basal ganglia, while inhibitory memory is stored in the D2 (indirect) pathway. Furthermore, fiber photometry recordings of GCaMP signals from striatal D1 (dSPN) and D2 (iSPN) receptor-expressing neurons support the preservation of normal memory in the direct pathway after aberrant inhibitory learning, with activities of dSPN predictive of motor performance. Finally, a computational model based on activities of motor cortical neurons, dSPN and iSPN neurons, and their interactions through the basal ganglia loops supports the above observations. These findings have important implications for novel approaches in treating Parkinson's disease by reactivating preserved normal memory, and in treating hyperkinetic movement disorders such as chorea or tics by erasing aberrant motor memories.
Collapse
|
27
|
Reichardt R, Király A, Szőllősi Á, Racsmány M, Simor P. A daytime nap with REM sleep is linked to enhanced generalization of emotional stimuli. J Sleep Res 2024:e14177. [PMID: 38369938 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
How memory representations are shaped during and after their encoding is a central question in the study of human memory. Recognition responses to stimuli that are similar to those observed previously can hint at the fidelity of the memories or point to processes of generalization at the expense of precise memory representations. Experimental studies utilizing this approach showed that emotions and sleep both influence these responses. Sleep, and more specifically rapid eye movement sleep, is assumed to facilitate the generalization of emotional memories. We studied mnemonic discrimination by the emotional variant of the Mnemonic Separation Task in participants (N = 113) who spent a daytime nap between learning and testing compared with another group that spent an equivalent time awake between the two sessions. Our findings indicate that the discrimination of similar but previously not seen items from previously seen ones is enhanced in case of negative compared with neutral and positive stimuli. Moreover, whereas the sleep and the wake groups did not differ in memory performance, participants entering rapid eye movement sleep exhibited increased generalization of emotional memories. Our findings indicate that entering into rapid eye movement sleep during a daytime nap shapes emotional memories in a way that enhances recognition at the expense of detailed memory representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richárd Reichardt
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Király
- National Institute of Locomotor Diseases and Disabilities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szőllősi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao F, Li C, Zhuang Y, Yan Y, Gao Y, Behnisch T. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ( Ask1) deficiency alleviates MPP +-induced impairment of evoked dopamine release in the mouse hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1288991. [PMID: 38414754 PMCID: PMC10896914 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1288991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is susceptible to dysfunction in numerous neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to motor symptoms, some PD patients may experience non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and memory deficits. A possible explanation for their manifestation is a disturbed pattern of dopamine release in brain regions involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. Therefore, investigating neuropathological alterations in dopamine release prior to neurodegeneration is imperative. This study aimed to characterize evoked hippocampal dopamine release and assess the impact of the neurotoxin MPP+ using a genetically encoded dopamine sensor and gene expression analysis. Additionally, considering the potential neuroprotective attributes demonstrated by apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) in various animal-disease-like models, the study also aimed to determine whether Ask1 knockdown restores MPP+-altered dopamine release in acute hippocampal slices. We applied variations of low- and high-frequency stimulation to evoke dopamine release within different hippocampal regions and discovered that acute application of MPP+ reduced the amount of dopamine released and hindered the recovery of dopamine release after repeated stimulation. In addition, we observed that Ask1 deficiency attenuated the detrimental effects of MPP+ on the recovery of dopamine release after repeated stimulation. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that genes associated with the synaptic pathways are involved in response to MPP+ exposure. Notably, Ask1 deficiency was found to downregulate the expression of Slc5a7, a gene encoding a sodium-dependent high-affinity choline transporter that regulates acetylcholine levels. Respective follow-up experiments indicated that Slc5a7 plays a role in Ask1 deficiency-mediated protection against MPP+ neurotoxicity. In addition, increasing acetylcholine levels using an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor could exacerbate the toxicity of MPP+. In conclusion, our data imply that the modulation of the dopamine-acetylcholine balance may be a crucial mechanism of action underlying the neuroprotective effects of Ask1 deficiency in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grella SL, Donaldson TN. Contextual memory engrams, and the neuromodulatory influence of the locus coeruleus. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1342622. [PMID: 38375501 PMCID: PMC10875109 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1342622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the basis of contextual memory at a conceptual and cellular level. We begin with an overview of the philosophical foundations of traversing space, followed by theories covering the material bases of contextual representations in the hippocampus (engrams), exploring functional characteristics of the cells and subfields within. Next, we explore various methodological approaches for investigating contextual memory engrams, emphasizing plasticity mechanisms. This leads us to discuss the role of neuromodulatory inputs in governing these dynamic changes. We then outline a recent hypothesis involving noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) to different subregions of the hippocampus, in sculpting contextual representations, giving a brief description of the neuroanatomical and physiological properties of the LC. Finally, we examine how activity in the LC influences contextual memory processes through synaptic plasticity mechanisms to alter hippocampal engrams. Overall, we find that phasic activation of the LC plays an important role in promoting new learning and altering mnemonic processes at the behavioral and cellular level through the neuromodulatory influence of NE/DA in the hippocampus. These findings may provide insight into mechanisms of hippocampal remapping and memory updating, memory processes that are potentially dysregulated in certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Grella
- MNEME Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tia N. Donaldson
- Systems Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng Y, Brunel N. Attractor neural networks with double well synapses. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011354. [PMID: 38324630 PMCID: PMC10878535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that memory storage depends on activity-dependent synaptic modifications. Classical studies of learning and memory in neural networks describe synaptic efficacy either as continuous or discrete. However, recent results suggest an intermediate scenario in which synaptic efficacy can be described by a continuous variable, but whose distribution is peaked around a small set of discrete values. Motivated by these results, we explored a model in which each synapse is described by a continuous variable that evolves in a potential with multiple minima. External inputs to the network can switch synapses from one potential well to another. Our analytical and numerical results show that this model can interpolate between models with discrete synapses which correspond to the deep potential limit, and models in which synapses evolve in a single quadratic potential. We find that the storage capacity of the network with double well synapses exhibits a power law dependence on the network size, rather than the logarithmic dependence observed in models with single well synapses. In addition, synapses with deeper potential wells lead to more robust information storage in the presence of noise. When memories are sparsely encoded, the scaling of the capacity with network size is similar to previously studied network models in the sparse coding limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Brunel
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wellard NL, Clifton NE, Rees E, Thomas KL, Hall J. The Association of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation-Induced Gene Expression with Genetic Risk for Psychosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:946. [PMID: 38256020 PMCID: PMC10816085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies focusing on the contribution of common and rare genetic variants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder support the view that substantial risk is conferred through molecular pathways involved in synaptic plasticity in the neurons of cortical and subcortical brain regions, including the hippocampus. Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) is central to associative learning and memory and depends on a pattern of gene expression in response to neuronal stimulation. Genes related to the induction of LTP have been associated with psychiatric genetic risk, but the specific cell types and timepoints responsible for the association are unknown. Using published genomic and transcriptomic datasets, we studied the relationship between temporally defined gene expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons following LTP and enrichment for common genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and for copy number variants (CNVs) and de novo coding variants associated with schizophrenia. We observed that upregulated genes in hippocampal pyramidal neurons at 60 and 120 min following LTP induction were enriched for common variant association with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subtype I. At 60 min, LTP-induced genes were enriched in duplications from patients with schizophrenia, but this association was not specific to pyramidal neurons, perhaps reflecting the combined effects of CNVs in excitatory and inhibitory neuron subtypes. Gene expression following LTP was not related to enrichment for de novo coding variants from schizophrenia cases. Our findings refine our understanding of the role LTP-related gene sets play in conferring risk to conditions causing psychosis and provide a focus for future studies looking to dissect the molecular mechanisms associated with this risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Wellard
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK (E.R.); (K.L.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Nicholas E. Clifton
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK (E.R.); (K.L.T.); (J.H.)
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK (E.R.); (K.L.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Kerrie L. Thomas
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK (E.R.); (K.L.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK (E.R.); (K.L.T.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
da Silva Beraldo IJ, Prates Rodrigues M, Polanczyk RS, Verano-Braga T, Lopes-Aguiar C. Proteomic-Based Studies on Memory Formation in Normal and Neurodegenerative Disease-Affected Brains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:129-158. [PMID: 38409419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A critical aspect of cognition is the ability to acquire, consolidate, and evoke memories, which is considerably impaired by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These mnemonic processes are dependent on signaling cascades, which involve protein expression and degradation. Recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has opened a range of possibilities for the study of memory formation and impairment, making it possible to research protein systems not studied before. However, in the context of synaptic proteome related to learning processes and memory formation, a deeper understanding of the synaptic proteome temporal dynamics after induction of synaptic plasticity and the molecular changes underlying the cognitive deficits seen in neurodegenerative diseases is needed. This review analyzes the applications of proteomics for understanding memory processes in both normal and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the most critical experimental studies have been summarized using the PANTHER overrepresentation test. Finally, limitations associated with investigations of memory studies in physiological and neurodegenerative disorders have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikaro Jesus da Silva Beraldo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus Prates Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Schuttenberg Polanczyk
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Núcleo de Proteômica Funcional (NPF), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schroeder MN, Fullio CL, Ballarini F, Moncada D. Modulation of memory reconsolidation by adjacent novel tasks: timing defines the nature of change. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1288. [PMID: 38114781 PMCID: PMC10730840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconsolidation turns memories into a responsive state that allows their modulation until they stabilize again. This phenomenon attracted remarkable attention due to its potential impact on therapeutics and education. Recent evidence revealed that different memories undergo reconsolidation via a behavioral tagging process. Thus, their re-stabilization involves setting "reconsolidation-tags" and synthesizing plasticity-related proteins for their capture at the tagged sites. Here, we studied the possibility of affecting these fundamental mechanisms to modulate reconsolidation. Our findings, in laboratory rats, indicate that exploring a novel environment 60 min before or after memory reactivation improves spatial object recognition memory by promoting protein synthesis. Conversely, experiencing novelty immediately after reactivation impairs the reconsolidation by affecting the tags. Similar effects, but with a different optimal time window for improvement, occur in inhibitory avoidance memory. These results highlight the possibility of modulating existing memories using non-invasive interventions that selectively affect the fundamental mechanisms of behavioral tagging during their reconsolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Nicolás Schroeder
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina (UBA/CONICET) - Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila L Fullio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Ballarini
- Laboratorio de neurociencia translacional, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Av. Madero 399, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Moncada
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina (UBA/CONICET) - Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stee W, Legouhy A, Guerreri M, Villemonteix T, Zhang H, Peigneux P. Microstructural dynamics of motor learning and sleep-dependent consolidation: A diffusion imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:108426. [PMID: 38058306 PMCID: PMC10696465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation can benefit from post-learning sleep, eventually leading to long-term microstructural brain modifications to accommodate new memory representations. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) allows the observation of (micro)structural brain remodeling after time-limited motor learning. Here, we combine conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) that allows modeling dendritic and axonal complexity in gray matter to investigate with improved specificity the microstructural brain mechanisms underlying time- and sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation dynamics. Sixty-one young healthy adults underwent four DWI sessions, two sequential motor trainings, and a night of total sleep deprivation or regular sleep distributed over five days. We observed rapid-motor-learning-related remodeling in occipitoparietal, temporal, and motor-related subcortical regions, reflecting temporary dynamics in learning-related neuronal brain plasticity processes. Sleep-related consolidation seems not to exert a detectable impact on diffusion parameters, at least on the timescale of a few days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Legouhy
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Changement, Paris-Lumières University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tse D, Privitera L, Norton AC, Gobbo F, Spooner P, Takeuchi T, Martin SJ, Morris RGM. Cell-type-specific optogenetic stimulation of the locus coeruleus induces slow-onset potentiation and enhances everyday memory in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307275120. [PMID: 37931094 PMCID: PMC10655220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307275120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory formation is typically divided into phases associated with encoding, storage, consolidation, and retrieval. The neural determinants of these phases are thought to differ. This study first investigated the impact of the experience of novelty in rats incurred at a different time, before or after, the precise moment of memory encoding. Memory retention was enhanced. Optogenetic activation of the locus coeruleus mimicked this enhancement induced by novelty, both when given before and after the moment of encoding. Optogenetic activation of the locus coeruleus also induced a slow-onset potentiation of field potentials in area CA1 of the hippocampus evoked by CA3 stimulation. Despite the locus coeruleus being considered a primarily noradrenergic area, both effects of such stimulation were blocked by the dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH 23390. These findings substantiate and enrich the evidence implicating the locus coeruleus in cellular aspects of memory consolidation in hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Tse
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, OmskirkL39 4QP, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Privitera
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
- School of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 4HN, United Kingdom
- Barts and the London School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences Education, Queen Mary University of London Malta Campus, VictoriaVCT 2570, Malta
| | - Anna C. Norton
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Spooner
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Stephen J. Martin
- School of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. M. Morris
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma H, Khaled HG, Wang X, Mandelberg NJ, Cohen SM, He X, Tsien RW. Excitation-transcription coupling, neuronal gene expression and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:672-692. [PMID: 37773070 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-transcription coupling (E-TC) links synaptic and cellular activity to nuclear gene transcription. It is generally accepted that E-TC makes a crucial contribution to learning and memory through its role in underpinning long-lasting synaptic enhancement in late-phase long-term potentiation and has more recently been linked to late-phase long-term depression: both processes require de novo gene transcription, mRNA translation and protein synthesis. E-TC begins with the activation of glutamate-gated N-methyl-D-aspartate-type receptors and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels at the membrane and culminates in the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus. These receptors and ion channels mediate E-TC through mechanisms that include long-range signalling from the synapse to the nucleus and local interactions within dendritic spines, among other possibilities. Growing experimental evidence links these E-TC mechanisms to late-phase long-term potentiation and learning and memory. These advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of E-TC mean that future efforts can focus on understanding its mesoscale functions and how it regulates neuronal network activity and behaviour in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Units for Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Houda G Khaled
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataniel J Mandelberg
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xingzhi He
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units for Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang L, Liu W, Shi L, Wu J, Zhang W, Chuang YA, Redding-Ochoa J, Kirkwood A, Savonenko AV, Worley PF. NMDA Receptor-Arc Signaling Is Required for Memory Updating and Is Disrupted in Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:706-720. [PMID: 36796600 PMCID: PMC10423741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory deficits are central to many neuropsychiatric diseases. During acquisition of new information, memories can become vulnerable to interference, yet mechanisms that underlie interference are unknown. METHODS We describe a novel transduction pathway that links the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) to AKT signaling via the immediate early gene Arc and evaluate its role in memory. The signaling pathway is validated using biochemical tools and transgenic mice, and function is evaluated in assays of synaptic plasticity and behavior. The translational relevance is evaluated in human postmortem brain. RESULTS Arc is dynamically phosphorylated by CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and binds the NMDAR subunits NR2A/NR2B and a previously unstudied PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) adapter p55PIK (PIK3R3) in vivo in response to novelty or tetanic stimulation in acute slices. NMDAR-Arc-p55PIK recruits p110α PI3K and mTORC2 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2) to activate AKT. NMDAR-Arc-p55PIK-PI3K-mTORC2-AKT assembly occurs within minutes of exploratory behavior and localizes to sparse synapses throughout hippocampal and cortical regions. Studies using conditional (Nestin-Cre) p55PIK deletion mice indicate that NMDAR-Arc-p55PIK-PI3K-mTORC2-AKT functions to inhibit GSK3 and mediates input-specific metaplasticity that protects potentiated synapses from subsequent depotentiation. p55PIK conditional knockout mice perform normally in multiple behaviors including working memory and long-term memory tasks but exhibit deficits indicative of increased vulnerability to interference in both short-term and long-term paradigms. The NMDAR-AKT transduction complex is reduced in postmortem brain of individuals with early Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS A novel function of Arc mediates synapse-specific NMDAR-AKT signaling and metaplasticity that contributes to memory updating and is disrupted in human cognitive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wenxue Liu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linyuan Shi
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jing Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wenchi Zhang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yang-An Chuang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alena V Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Paul F Worley
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
O'Donnell C. Nonlinear slow-timescale mechanisms in synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102778. [PMID: 37657186 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory rely on synapses changing their strengths in response to neural activity. However, there is a substantial gap between the timescales of neural electrical dynamics (1-100 ms) and organism behaviour during learning (seconds-minutes). What mechanisms bridge this timescale gap? What are the implications for theories of brain learning? Here I first cover experimental evidence for slow-timescale factors in plasticity induction. Then I review possible underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms, and insights from recent computational models that incorporate such slow-timescale variables. I conclude that future progress in understanding brain learning across timescales will require both experimental and computational modelling studies that map out the nonlinearities implemented by both fast and slow plasticity mechanisms at synapses, and crucially, their joint interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Donnell
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Intelligent Systems, Magee Campus, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, UK; School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Højgaard K, Szöllősi B, Henningsen K, Minami N, Nakanishi N, Kaadt E, Tamura M, Morris RGM, Takeuchi T, Elfving B. Novelty-induced memory consolidation is accompanied by increased Agap3 transcription: a cross-species study. Mol Brain 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37749596 PMCID: PMC10521532 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Novelty-induced memory consolidation is a well-established phenomenon that depends on the activation of a locus coeruleus-hippocampal circuit. It is associated with the expression of activity-dependent genes that may mediate initial or cellular memory consolidation. Several genes have been identified to date, however, to fully understand the mechanisms of memory consolidation, additional candidates must be identified. In this cross-species study, we used a contextual novelty-exploration paradigm to identify changes in gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus of both mice and rats. We found that changes in gene expression following contextual novelty varied between the two species, with 9 genes being upregulated in mice and 3 genes in rats. Comparison across species revealed that ArfGAP with a GTPase domain, an ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3 (Agap3) was the only gene being upregulated in both, suggesting a potentially conserved role for Agap3. AGAP3 is known to regulate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor trafficking in the synapse, which suggests that increased transcription of Agap3 may be involved in maintaining functional plasticity. While we identified several genes affected by contextual novelty exploration, we were unable to fully reverse these changes using SCH 23390, a dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist. Further research on the role of AGAP3 in novelty-induced memory consolidation could lead to better understanding of this process and guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Højgaard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, DK8200, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Bianka Szöllősi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Kim Henningsen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Natsumi Minami
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakanishi
- Data Science Department, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Erik Kaadt
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, DK8200, Denmark
| | - Makoto Tamura
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan
- NeuroDiscovery Lab, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Edinburgh Neuroscience, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark.
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Department of Biomedicine, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark.
- Gftd DeSci, Gftd DAO, Tokyo, 162-0044, Japan.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, DK8200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Budriesi P, Tintorelli R, Correa J, Villar ME, Marchal P, Giurfa M, Viola H. A behavioral tagging account of kinase contribution to memory formation after spaced aversive training. iScience 2023; 26:107278. [PMID: 37520708 PMCID: PMC10372744 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory (LTM) can be induced by repeated spaced training trials. Using the weak inhibitory avoidance (wIA) task, we showed that one wIA session does not lead to a 24-h LTM, whereas two identical wIA sessions spaced by 15 min to 6 h induce a 24-h LTM. This LTM promotion depends both on hippocampal protein synthesis and the activity of several kinases. In agreement with the behavioral tagging (BT) hypothesis, our results suggest that the two training sessions induce transient learning tags and lead, via a cooperative effect, to the synthesis of plasticity-related proteins (PRPs) that become available and captured by the tag from the second session. Although ERKs1/2 are needed for PRPs synthesis and CaMKs are required for tag setting, PKA participates in both processes. We conclude that the BT mechanism accounts for the molecular constraints underlying the classic effect of spaced learning on LTM formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Budriesi
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Tintorelli
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Correa
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Villar
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Marchal
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Poe Lab, Integrative Biology and Physiology department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Haydee Viola
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular “Dr. Héctor Maldonado” (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schultz H, Stoffregen H, Benoit RG. A reward effect on memory retention, consolidation, and generalization? Learn Mem 2023; 30:169-174. [PMID: 37679044 PMCID: PMC10519399 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053842.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Reward improves memory through both encoding and consolidation processes. In this preregistered study, we tested whether reward effects on memory generalize from high-rewarded items to low-rewarded but episodically related items. Fifty-nine human volunteers incidentally encoded associations between unique objects and repeated scenes. Some scenes typically yielded high reward, whereas others typically yielded low reward. Memory was tested immediately after encoding (n = 29) or the next day (n = 30). Overall, reward had only a limited influence on memory. It did not enhance consolidation and its effect did not generalize to episodically related stimuli. We thus contribute to understanding the boundary conditions of reward effects on memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Schultz
- Max Planck Research Group: Adaptive Memory, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanna Stoffregen
- Max Planck Research Group: Adaptive Memory, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland G Benoit
- Max Planck Research Group: Adaptive Memory, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Richards BA, Kording KP. The study of plasticity has always been about gradients. J Physiol 2023; 601:3141-3149. [PMID: 37078235 DOI: 10.1113/jp282747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental study of learning and plasticity has always been driven by an implicit question: how can physiological changes be adaptive and improve performance? For example, in Hebbian plasticity only synapses from presynaptic neurons that were active are changed, avoiding useless changes. Similarly, in dopamine-gated learning synapse changes depend on reward or lack thereof and do not change when everything is predictable. Within machine learning we can make the question of which changes are adaptive concrete: performance improves when changes correlate with the gradient of an objective function quantifying performance. This result is general for any system that improves through small changes. As such, physiology has always implicitly been seeking mechanisms that allow the brain to approximate gradients. Coming from this perspective we review the existing literature on plasticity-related mechanisms, and we show how these mechanisms relate to gradient estimation. We argue that gradients are a unifying idea to explain the many facets of neuronal plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake Aaron Richards
- Mila, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Learning in Machines and Brains Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konrad Paul Kording
- Learning in Machines and Brains Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tal A, Schechtman E, Caughran B, Paller KA, Davachi L. The reach of reactivation: Effects of consciously-triggered versus unconsciously-triggered reactivation of associative memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.546400. [PMID: 37546839 PMCID: PMC10402076 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.546400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Newly formed memories are not passively stored for future retrieval; rather, they are reactivated offline and thereby strengthened and transformed. However, reactivation is not a uniform process: it occurs throughout different states of consciousness, including conscious rehearsal during wakefulness and unconscious processing during both wakefulness and sleep. In this study, we explore the consequences of reactivation during conscious and unconscious awake states. Forty-one participants learned associations consisting of adjective-object-position triads. Objects were clustered into distinct semantic groups (e.g., multiple fruits, vehicles, musical instruments) which allowed us to examine the consequences of reactivation on semantically-related memories. After an extensive learning phase, some triads were reactivated consciously, through cued retrieval, or unconsciously, through subliminal priming. In both conditions, the adjective was used as the cue. Reactivation impacted memory for the most distal association (i.e., the spatial position of associated objects) in a consciousness-dependent and memory-strength-dependent manner. First, conscious reactivation of a triad resulted in a weakening of other semantically related memories, but only those that were initially more accurate (i.e., memories with lower pre-reactivation spatial errors). This is similar to what has been previously demonstrated in studies employing retrieval-induced forgetting designs. Unconscious reactivation, on the other hand, benefited memory selectively for weak cued items. Semantically linked associations were not impaired, but rather integrated with the reactivated memory. Taken together, our results demonstrate that conscious and unconscious reactivation of memories during wakefulness have qualitatively different consequences on memory for distal associations. Effects are memory-strength-dependent, as has been shown for reactivation during sleep. Results support a consciousness-dependent inhibition account, according to which unconscious reactivation involves less inhibitory dynamics than conscious reactivation, thus allowing more liberal spread of activation. Our findings set the stage for additional exploration into the role of consciousness in memory structuring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tal
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Eitan Schechtman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60207, USA
| | - Bruce Caughran
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60207, USA
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60207, USA
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kastellakis G, Tasciotti S, Pandi I, Poirazi P. The dendritic engram. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1212139. [PMID: 37576932 PMCID: PMC10412934 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1212139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from a wide range of studies, including behavioral, cellular, molecular and computational findings, support a key role of dendrites in the encoding and recall of new memories. Dendrites can integrate synaptic inputs in non-linear ways, provide the substrate for local protein synthesis and facilitate the orchestration of signaling pathways that regulate local synaptic plasticity. These capabilities allow them to act as a second layer of computation within the neuron and serve as the fundamental unit of plasticity. As such, dendrites are integral parts of the memory engram, namely the physical representation of memories in the brain and are increasingly studied during learning tasks. Here, we review experimental and computational studies that support a novel, dendritic view of the memory engram that is centered on non-linear dendritic branches as elementary memory units. We highlight the potential implications of dendritic engrams for the learning and memory field and discuss future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Kastellakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Simone Tasciotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pandi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Doss MK, de Wit H, Gallo DA. The acute effects of psychoactive drugs on emotional episodic memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval: A comprehensive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105188. [PMID: 37085021 PMCID: PMC10247427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs modulate learning and emotional processes in ways that could impact their recreational and medical use. Recent work has revealed how drugs impact different stages of processing emotional episodic memories, specifically encoding (forming memories), consolidation (stabilizing memories), and retrieval (accessing memories). Drugs administered before encoding may preferentially impair (e.g., GABAA sedatives including alcohol and benzodiazepines, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, ketamine), enhance (e.g., dextroamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine), or both impair and enhance (i.e., ± 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine or MDMA) emotionally negative and positive compared to neutral memories. GABAA sedatives administered immediately post-encoding (during consolidation) can preferentially enhance emotional memories, though this selectivity may decline or even reverse (i.e., preferential enhancement of neutral memories) as the delay between encoding and retrieval increases. Finally, retrieving memories under the effects of THC, dextroamphetamine, MDMA, and perhaps GABAA sedatives distorts memory, with potentially greater selectively for emotional (especially positive) memories. We review these effects, propose neural mechanisms, discuss methodological considerations for future work, and speculate how drug effects on emotional episodic memory may contribute to drug use and abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Doss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychedelic & Consciousness Research, USA.
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, USA
| | - David A Gallo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ma W, Si T, Wang Z, Wen P, Zhu Z, Liu Q, Wang J, Xu F, Li Q. Astrocytic α4-containing nAChR signaling in the hippocampus governs the formation of temporal association memory. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112674. [PMID: 37352098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Everyday episodic memories involve linking together related events that are temporally separated. However, the mechanisms of forming this temporal association have remained unclear. Here, using astrocyte-specific manipulations, we show that potentiating astrocyte Ca2+ signaling in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) enhances the strength of such temporal association, in parallel with long-term potentiation (LTP) enhancement of temporoammonic pathway to CA1, whereas attenuation of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling has the opposite effect. Moreover, we identify that these effects are mediated by astrocytic α4 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4-nAChRs) via mechanisms involving NMDAR co-agonist supply. Finally, astrocytic α4-nAChRs underlie the cognitive enhancer nicotine's physiological effects. Together, these findings highlight the importance of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling in cognitive behavior and reveal a mechanism in governing the temporal association of episodic memory formation that operates through α4-nAChRs on hippocampal astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tengxiao Si
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengjie Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gros A, Wang SH. Cognitive rescue in aging through prior training in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5990-6010. [PMID: 37338529 PMCID: PMC10373978 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline in spatial memory is seen in aging. Understanding affected processes in aging is vital for developing methods to improve wellbeing. Daily memory persistence can be influenced by events around the time of learning or by prior experiences in early life. Fading memories in young can last longer if a novel event is introduced around encoding, a process called behavioral tagging. Based on this principle, we asked what processes are affected in aging and if prior training can rescue them. Two groups of aged rats received training in an appetitive delayed matching-to-place task. One of the groups additionally received prior training of the same task in young and in mid-life, constituting a longitudinal study. The results showed long-term memory decline in late aging without prior training. This would reflect affected encoding and consolidation. On the other hand, short-term memory was preserved and novelty at memory reactivation and reconsolidation enabled memory maintenance in aging. Prior training improved cognition through facilitating task performance, strengthening short-term memory and intermediate memory, and enabling encoding-boosted long-term memory. Implication of these findings in understanding brain mechanisms in cognitive aging and in beneficial effects of prior training is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gros
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pereira SIR, Santamaria L, Andrews R, Schmidt E, Van Rossum MCW, Lewis P. Rule Abstraction Is Facilitated by Auditory Cuing in REM Sleep. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3838-3848. [PMID: 36977584 PMCID: PMC10218979 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1966-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep facilitates abstraction, but the exact mechanisms underpinning this are unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether triggering reactivation in sleep could facilitate this process. We paired abstraction problems with sounds, then replayed these during either slow-wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to trigger memory reactivation in 27 human participants (19 female). This revealed performance improvements on abstraction problems that were cued in REM, but not problems cued in SWS. Interestingly, the cue-related improvement was not significant until a follow-up retest 1 week after the manipulation, suggesting that REM may initiate a sequence of plasticity events that requires more time to be implemented. Furthermore, memory-linked trigger sounds evoked distinct neural responses in REM, but not SWS. Overall, our findings suggest that targeted memory reactivation in REM can facilitate visual rule abstraction, although this effect takes time to unfold.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability to abstract rules from a corpus of experiences is a building block of human reasoning. Sleep is known to facilitate rule abstraction, but it remains unclear whether we can manipulate this process actively and which stage of sleep is most important. Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a technique that uses re-exposure to learning-related sensory cues during sleep to enhance memory consolidation. Here, we show that TMR, when applied during REM sleep, can facilitate the complex recombining of information needed for rule abstraction. Furthermore, we show that this qualitative REM-related benefit emerges over the course of a week after learning, suggesting that memory integration may require a slower form of plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Santamaria
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Andrews
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Schmidt
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C W Van Rossum
- School of Psychology and School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Malakasis N, Chavlis S, Poirazi P. Synaptic turnover promotes efficient learning in bio-realistic spiking neural networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541722. [PMID: 37292929 PMCID: PMC10245885 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While artificial machine learning systems achieve superhuman performance in specific tasks such as language processing, image and video recognition, they do so use extremely large datasets and huge amounts of power. On the other hand, the brain remains superior in several cognitively challenging tasks while operating with the energy of a small lightbulb. We use a biologically constrained spiking neural network model to explore how the neural tissue achieves such high efficiency and assess its learning capacity on discrimination tasks. We found that synaptic turnover, a form of structural plasticity, which is the ability of the brain to form and eliminate synapses continuously, increases both the speed and the performance of our network on all tasks tested. Moreover, it allows accurate learning using a smaller number of examples. Importantly, these improvements are most significant under conditions of resource scarcity, such as when the number of trainable parameters is halved and when the task difficulty is increased. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie efficient learning in the brain and can inspire the development of more efficient and flexible machine learning algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Malakasis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Spyridon Chavlis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| |
Collapse
|