1
|
Miao Q, Nguyen W, Zhu J, Liu G, van Oers MM, Tang B, Yan K, Larcher T, Suhrbier A, Pijlman GP. A getah virus-like-particle vaccine provides complete protection from viremia and arthritis in wild-type mice. Vaccine 2024; 42:126136. [PMID: 39004524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus with economic impact on the livestock industry in East Asia. In this study, we successfully produced GETV virus-like particles (VLPs) in insect cells using the baculovirus expression vector system. We show that the GETV envelope glycoproteins were successfully expressed at the surface of the insect cell and were glycosylated. VLPs were isolated from the culture fluid as enveloped particles of 60-80 nm in diameter. Two 1 µg vaccinations with this GETV VLP vaccine, without adjuvant, generated neutralizing antibody responses and protected wild-type C57/BL6 mice against GETV viremia and arthritic disease. The GETV VLP vaccine may find application as a horse and/or pig vaccine in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Miao
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
| | - Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghoshal A, Asressu KH, Hossain MA, Brown PJ, Nandakumar M, Vala A, Merten EM, Sears JD, Law I, Burdick JE, Morales NL, Perveen S, Pearce KH, Popov KI, Moorman NJ, Heise MT, Willson TM. Structure Activity of β-Amidomethyl Vinyl Sulfones as Covalent Inhibitors of Chikungunya nsP2 Cysteine Protease with Antialphavirus Activity. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39235978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their widespread impact on human health, there are no approved drugs for combating alphavirus infections. The heterocyclic β-aminomethyl vinyl sulfone RA-0002034 (1a) is a potent irreversible covalent inhibitor of the alphavirus nsP2 cysteine protease with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Analogs of 1a that varied each of the three regions of the molecule were synthesized to establish structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of Chikungunya (CHIKV) nsP2 protease and viral replication. The vinyl sulfone covalent warhead was highly sensitive to modifications. However, alterations to the core five-membered heterocycle and aryl substituent were well tolerated. The 5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazole (1o) and 4-cyanopyrazole (8d) analogs exhibited kinact/Ki ratios >9000 M-1 s-1. 3-Arylisoxazole (10) was identified as an isosteric replacement for the five-membered heterocycle, which circumvented the intramolecular cyclization of pyrazole-based inhibitors like 1a. A ligand-based model of the enzyme active site was developed to aid the design of nsP2 protease inhibitors as potential therapeutics against alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghoshal
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kesatebrhan Haile Asressu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anand Vala
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej, Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Eric M Merten
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John D Sears
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Isabella Law
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jane E Burdick
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Noah L Morales
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sumera Perveen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Konstantin I Popov
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark T Heise
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clipes MVS, Vicente CR, Cardoso da Silva TC, Resende LC, Cerutti Junior C. Analysis of spatial and demographic factors associated with chikungunya in Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:597-604. [PMID: 38650504 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya (CHIK) emerged in Brazil in 2014 and since then several epidemics have been observed. This study aims to describe the spatial, social and demographic characteristics of individuals affected by CHIK in Espírito Santo state. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using data from individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of CHIK in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, from 2018 to 2020. Monthly incidence was calculated and annual spatial distribution maps were constructed. Statistical analysis using the χ2 test identified associations between disease occurrence and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS In the period and area analysed, a CHIK epidemic occurred in 2020, with an incidence of 219.8 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. The southern and central regions of Espirito Santo state harboured a risk five times greater than the others in the epidemic region. Females (odds ratio [OR] 1.65 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.58 to 1.72]), black people (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.33]), individuals with ≤11 y of education (OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.37 to 1.61]) and the elderly (OR 7.49 [95% CI 6.53 to 8.59]) had a greater risk for the disease. CONCLUSIONS CHIK stands as an emerging public health problem in Brazil since its introduction in 2014. Espírito Santo suffered a substantial epidemic in 2020, possibly due to outbreaks in neighbouring states. The population at risk should be prioritized in healthcare, considering the morbidity potential of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Salvador Clipes
- Post-Graduate Program of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, 29047-105, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Creuza Rachel Vicente
- Post-Graduate Program of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, 29047-105, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Theresa Cristina Cardoso da Silva
- Special Nucleus of Epidemiologic Surveillance from the State Department of Health, Vitória, Marechal Mascarenha de Moraes Avenue, 29050-755, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lilyan Correia Resende
- Post-Graduate Program of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, 29047-105, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Crispim Cerutti Junior
- Post-Graduate Program of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, 29047-105, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
da Silva MOL, Figueiredo CM, Neris RLS, Guimarães-Andrade IP, Gavino-Leopoldino D, Miler-da-Silva LL, Valença HDM, Ladislau L, de Lima CVF, Coccarelli FM, Benjamim CF, Assunção-Miranda I. Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses Induce Chronic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Triggered by Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8909. [PMID: 39201595 PMCID: PMC11354814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Mayaro (MAYV) viruses are arthritogenic alphaviruses that promote an incapacitating and long-lasting inflammatory muscle-articular disease. Despite studies pointing out the importance of skeletal muscle (SkM) in viral pathogenesis, the long-term consequences on its physiology and the mechanism of persistence of symptoms are still poorly understood. Combining molecular, morphological, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and histological analysis, we conduct a temporal investigation of CHIKV and MAYV replication in a wild-type mice model, focusing on the impact on SkM composition, structure, and repair in the acute and late phases of infection. We found that viral replication and induced inflammation promote a rapid loss of muscle mass and reduction in fiber cross-sectional area by upregulation of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 expression, both key regulators of SkM fibers atrophy. Despite a reduction in inflammation and clearance of infectious viral particles, SkM atrophy persists until 30 days post-infection. The genomic CHIKV and MAYV RNAs were still detected in SkM in the late phase, along with the upregulation of chemokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. In agreement with the involvement of inflammatory mediators on induced atrophy, the neutralization of TNF and a reduction in oxidative stress using monomethyl fumarate, an agonist of Nrf2, decreases atrogen expression and atrophic fibers while increasing weight gain in treated mice. These data indicate that arthritogenic alphavirus infection could chronically impact body SkM composition and also harm repair machinery, contributing to a better understanding of mechanisms of arthritogenic alphavirus pathogenesis and with a description of potentially new targets of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oliveira Lopes da Silva
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Camila Menezes Figueiredo
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Rômulo Leão Silva Neris
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Iris Paula Guimarães-Andrade
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Daniel Gavino-Leopoldino
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Leonardo Linhares Miler-da-Silva
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Helber da Maia Valença
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (H.d.M.V.)
| | - Leandro Ladislau
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (H.d.M.V.)
| | - Caroline Victorino Felix de Lima
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.V.F.d.L.); (F.M.C.)
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Meireles Coccarelli
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.V.F.d.L.); (F.M.C.)
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Claudia Farias Benjamim
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Department of Virology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.O.L.d.S.); (C.M.F.); (R.L.S.N.); (I.P.G.-A.); (D.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira Souza R, Duarte Júnior JWB, Della Casa VS, Santoro Rosa D, Renia L, Claser C. Unraveling the complex interplay: immunopathology and immune evasion strategies of alphaviruses with emphasis on neurological implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1421571. [PMID: 39211797 PMCID: PMC11358129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1421571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses pose a significant public health concern due to their ability to cause joint inflammation, with emerging evidence of potential neurological consequences. In this review, we examine the immunopathology and immune evasion strategies employed by these viruses, highlighting their complex mechanisms of pathogenesis and neurological implications. We delve into how these viruses manipulate host immune responses, modulate inflammatory pathways, and potentially establish persistent infections. Further, we explore their ability to breach the blood-brain barrier, triggering neurological complications, and how co-infections exacerbate neurological outcomes. This review synthesizes current research to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunopathological mechanisms driving arthritogenic alphavirus infections and their impact on neurological health. By highlighting knowledge gaps, it underscores the need for research to unravel the complexities of virus-host interactions. This deeper understanding is crucial for developing targeted therapies to address both joint and neurological manifestations of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Oliveira Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victória Simões Della Casa
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Renia
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McMahon R, Toepfer S, Sattler N, Schneider M, Narciso-Abraham M, Hadl S, Hochreiter R, Kosulin K, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Wressnigg N, Dubischar K, Buerger V, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. Antibody persistence and safety of a live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine up to 2 years after single-dose administration in adults in the USA: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 3b study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00357-8. [PMID: 39146946 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus infection can lead to long-term debilitating symptoms. A precursor phase 3 clinical study showed high seroprotection (defined as a 50% plaque reduction of chikungunya virus-specific neutralising antibodies on a micro plaque reduction neutralisation test [μPRNT] titre of ≥150 in baseline seronegative participants) up to 6 months after a single vaccination of the chikungunya virus vaccine VLA1553 (Valneva Austria, Vienna, Austria) and a good safety profile. Here we report antibody persistence and safety up to 2 years. METHODS In this single-arm, multicentre, phase 3b study, we recruited participants from the precursor phase 3 trial from professional vaccine trial sites in the USA. Participants (aged ≥18 years) were eligible if they had completed the previous study and received VLA1553. Chikungunya virus-specific neutralising antibodies were evaluated at 28 days, 6 months, and 1 year and 2 years after vaccination. The primary outcome was the proportion of seroprotected participants (ie, μPRNT50 titre of ≥150) at 1 and 2 years, assessed in all eligible participants who had at least one post-vaccination immunogenicity sample available, overall and by age group at the time of vaccination (18-64 years and ≥65 years). Adverse events of special interest at the time of transition from the previous study to the current study (ie, at 6 months) and serious adverse events during the current study were recorded (ie, between 6 months and 2 years). All analyses were descriptive. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04838444, and immunogenicity follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS In the precursor study, participants were screened between Sept 17, 2020, and April 10, 2021; data cutoff for this analysis was March 31, 2023. Of 2724 participants in the precursor study who received one dose of VLA1553, 363 participants were analysed in this study (310 [85%] aged 18-64 years and 53 [15%] aged ≥65 years at enrolment in the precursor study; mean age 47·7 years [SD 14·2], 207 [57%] of 363 participants were female, 156 [43%] were male, 280 [77%] were White, and 314 [87%] were not Hispanic or Latino). Strong seroprotection was observed at 1 year (98·9% [356 of 360 assessable participants; 97·2-99·7]) and 2 years (96·8% [306 of 316; 94·3-98·5]) after vaccination, and was very similar between those aged 18-64 years (at 1 year: 98·7% [303 of 307; 96·7-99·6]; at 2 years: 96·6% [256 of 265; 93·7-98·4]) and those aged 65 years and older (at 1 year: 100% [53 of 53; 93·3-100]; at 2 years: 98·0% [50 of 51; 89·6-100]) at each timepoint. No adverse events of special interest were ongoing at the time of transition. Ten serious adverse events occurred in nine (2%) participants between the 6-month and 2-year timepoints, including one death (due to drug overdose) that was determined to not be related to VLA1553. INTERPRETATION After a single VLA1553 vaccination, chikungunya virus-neutralising antibodies above the threshold considered to be protective persisted up to 2 years and there were no long-term serious adverse events related to vaccination. VLA1553 is an efficient and safe intervention that offers high seroprotection against chikungunya virus infection, a virus likely to spread globally with an urgent demand for long-lasting prophylaxis. FUNDING Valneva Austria, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation, and EU Horizon 2020.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hick TAH, Geertsema C, Nguyen W, Bishop CR, van Oosten L, Abbo SR, Dumenil T, van Kuppeveld FJM, Langereis MA, Rawle DJ, Tang B, Yan K, van Oers MM, Suhrbier A, Pijlman GP. Safety concern of recombination between self-amplifying mRNA vaccines and viruses is mitigated in vivo. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2519-2534. [PMID: 38894543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccines can be rapidly deployed in the event of disease outbreaks. A legitimate safety concern is the potential for recombination between alphavirus-based SAM vaccines and circulating viruses. This theoretical risk needs to be assessed in the regulatory process for SAM vaccine approval. Herein, we undertake extensive in vitro and in vivo assessments to explore recombination between SAM vaccine and a wide selection of alphaviruses and a coronavirus. SAM vaccines were found to effectively limit alphavirus co-infection through superinfection exclusion, although some co-replication was still possible. Using sensitive cell-based assays, replication-competent alphavirus chimeras were generated in vitro as a result of rare, but reproducible, RNA recombination events. The chimeras displayed no increased fitness in cell culture. Viable alphavirus chimeras were not detected in vivo in C57BL/6J, Rag1-/- and Ifnar-/- mice, in which high levels of SAM vaccine and alphavirus co-replicated in the same tissue. Furthermore, recombination between a SAM-spike vaccine and a swine coronavirus was not observed. In conclusion we state that although the ability of SAM vaccines to recombine with alphaviruses might be viewed as an environmental safety concern, several key factors substantially mitigate against in vivo emergence of chimeric viruses from SAM vaccine recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessy A H Hick
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corinne Geertsema
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron R Bishop
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Linda van Oosten
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra R Abbo
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Langereis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia.
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dunagan MM, Dábilla N, McNinch C, Brenchley JM, Dolan PT, Fox JM. Activating FcγRs on monocytes are necessary for optimal Mayaro virus clearance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.23.604823. [PMID: 39149309 PMCID: PMC11326306 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus. Previous studies have shown antibody Fc effector functions are critical for optimal monoclonal antibody-mediated protection against alphaviruses; however, the requirement of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) for protection during natural infection has not been evaluated. Here, we showed mice lacking activating FcγRs (FcRγ-/-) developed prolonged clinical disease with more virus in joint-associated tissues. Viral clearance was associated with anti-MAYV cell surface binding rather than neutralizing antibodies. Lack of Fc-FcγR engagement increased the number of monocytes through chronic timepoints. Single cell RNA sequencing showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes in joint-associated tissue with increased MAYV RNA present in FcRγ-/- monocytes and macrophages. Transfer of FcRγ-/- monocytes into wild type animals was sufficient to increase virus in joint-associated tissue. Overall, this study suggests that engagement of antibody Fc with activating FcγRs promotes protective responses during MAYV infection and prevents monocytes from being potential targets of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Dunagan
- Emerging Virus Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Colton McNinch
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patrick T. Dolan
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie M. Fox
- Emerging Virus Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Freppel W, Lim EX, Rudd PA, Herrero LJ. Synoviocytes assist in modulating the effect of Ross River virus infection in micromass-cultured primary human chondrocytes. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73:001859. [PMID: 39028255 PMCID: PMC11316548 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne virus prevalent in Australia and the islands of the South Pacific, where it causes an arthritogenic illness with a hallmark feature of severe joint pain. The joint space is a unique microenvironment that contains cartilage and synovial fluid. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes are crucial components of the joint space and are known targets of RRV infection.Hypothesis/Gap statement. Understanding the relationship between synoviocytes and chondrocytes during RRV infection will provide further insights into RRV-induced joint pathology.Methodology. To better understand the unique dynamics of these cells during RRV infection, we used primary chondrocytes cultured in physiologically relevant micromasses. We then directly infected micromass chondrocytes or infected primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), co-cultured with micromass chondrocytes. Micromass cultures and supernatants were collected and analysed for viral load with a PCR array of target genes known to play a role in arthritis.Results. We show that RRV through direct or secondary infection in micromass chondrocytes modulates the expression of cellular factors that likely contribute to joint inflammation and disease pathology, as well as symptoms such as pain. More importantly, while we show that RRV can infect micromass-cultured chondrocytes via FLS infection, FLS themselves affect the regulation of cellular genes known to contribute to arthritis.Conclusion. Single-cell culture systems lack the complexity of in vivo systems, and understanding the interaction between cell populations is crucial for deciphering disease pathology, including for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Freppel
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Elisa X.Y. Lim
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Penny A. Rudd
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Lara J. Herrero
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghoshal A, Magalhães ÁF, Asressu KH, Hossain MA, Todd MH, Willson TM. Identification of Dihydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazin-4(5 H)-ones as Cyclic Products of β-Amidomethyl Vinyl Sulfone Alphavirus Cysteine Protease Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:836. [PMID: 39065687 PMCID: PMC11279629 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimized syntheses of (E)-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N-(3-(methylsulfonyl)allyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (RA-0002034, 1), a promising antiviral covalent cysteine protease inhibitor lead, were developed. The syntheses avoid the contamination of 1 with the inactive cyclic dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one 2, which is formed by the intramolecular aza-Michael reaction of the vinyl sulfone warhead under basic conditions and slowly at pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer. The pure cysteine protease inhibitor 1 could be synthesized using either modified amide coupling conditions or through the introduction of a MOM-protecting group and was stable as a TFA or HCl salt. Although acyclic 1 demonstrated poor pharmacokinetics with high in vivo clearance in mice, inactive cyclic 2 showed improved plasma exposure. The potential use of cyclic dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-ones as prodrugs for the acyclic β-amidomethyl vinyl sulfone warhead was demonstrated by GSH capture experiments with an analog of 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghoshal
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Álvaro F. Magalhães
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Kesatebrhan Haile Asressu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghoshal A, Asressu KH, Hossain MA, Brown PJ, Merten EM, Sears JD, Perveen S, Pearce KH, Popov KI, Moorman NJ, Heise MT, Willson TM. Structure Activity of β-Amidomethyl Vinyl Sulfones as Covalent Inhibitors of Chikungunya nsP2 Cysteine Protease with Anti-alphavirus Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598722. [PMID: 38915519 PMCID: PMC11195264 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite their widespread impact on human health there are no approved drugs for combating alphavirus infections. The heterocyclic β-aminomethyl vinyl sulfone RA-0002034 (1a) is a potent irreversible covalent inhibitor of the alphavirus nsP2 cysteine protease with broad spectrum antiviral activity. Analogs of 1a that varied each of three regions of the molecule were synthesized to establish structure-activity relationships for inhibition of Chikungunya (CHIKV) nsP2 protease and viral replication. The covalent warhead was highly sensitive to modifications of the sulfone or vinyl substituents. However, numerous alterations to the core 5-membered heterocycle and its aryl substituent were well tolerated and several analogs were identified that enhanced CHIKV nsP2 binding. For example, the 4-cyanopyrazole analog 8d exhibited a kinact /Ki ratio >10,000 M-1s-1. 3-Arylisoxazole was identified an isosteric replacement for the 5-membered heterocycle, which circumvented the intramolecular cyclization that complicated the synthesis of pyrazole-based inhibitors like 1a. The accumulated structure-activity data was used to build a ligand-based model of the enzyme active site, which can be used to guide the design of covalent nsP2 protease inhibitors as potential therapeutics against alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghoshal
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kesatebrhan Haile Asressu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric M. Merten
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John D. Sears
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sumera Perveen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Konstantin I. Popov
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Moorman
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark T. Heise
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- READDI AViDD Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baker H, Amaral JK, Schoen RT. Management of postinfectious inflammatory arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:155-162. [PMID: 38411201 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postinfectious inflammatory arthritis can result from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Prompt identification and treatment of acute infection is vital, but some cases progress to chronic arthritis despite successful treatment of infection. Postinfectious inflammatory arthritis varies from mild, self-limited arthralgia to severe, refractory arthritis, necessitating ongoing disease-modifying treatment. This review explores the spectrum of postinfectious inflammatory arthritis to provide insights into effective management. RECENT FINDINGS Research continues regarding the benefit of antimicrobial therapy, beyond treatment of the acute infection, to diminish the severity of postinfectious inflammatory arthritis. Following treatment of acute infection, most cases are self-limited so treatment is symptomatic. However, a difficult-to-predict fraction of cases develop chronic postinfectious inflammatory arthritis that can be challenging to manage. Recently, as more biologic, and targeted synthetic DMARDs have become available, treatment options have expanded. SUMMARY In this article, we use the term 'postinfectious inflammatory arthritis' rather than 'reactive arthritis' because it describes a broader spectrum of diseases and emphasizes the common pathogenesis of a postinfectious inflammatory process. We summarize the conventional therapies and recent management developments for the most frequently encountered postinfectious inflammatory arthritides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Baker
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - J Kennedy Amaral
- Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Robert T Schoen
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rawat SK, Kale D, Nema S, Nema RK, Gupta S, Khadanga S, Biswas D. Detectable Viremia at Presentation Is a Predictor of Disease Severity in Chikungunya. Cureus 2024; 16:e58188. [PMID: 38741833 PMCID: PMC11089836 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne re-emerging disease that has caused a significant number of outbreaks recently in diverse geographic settings across the globe. It leads to severe debilitating illness in a significant proportion of persons who are infected. Measures to limit the impact produced by recurrent outbreaks of the disease are limited and there is an urgent clinical need for early identification of those predisposed to develop severe disease. A comprehensive understanding regarding the proportion of individuals predisposed to developing severe disease is lacking as its correlation with detectable viremia is hinted at by some studies. In this context, we hypothesized that detectable viremia reflected in the diagnostic RT-PCR assay could be significantly associated with the development of severe disease in Chikungunya among those diagnosed on the basis of seroconversion. Our study aims to confirm the same in relation to disease severity among the suspected patients of Chikungunya in the setting of a tertiary care center. Methods In a prospective observational study at a tertiary care center, a total number of 1021 Chikungunya suspects presenting within seven days of illness were screened with Chikungunya Virus IgM ELISA from 2021 to 2023. Those having positive IgM results were further tested with RT-PCR in a blinded manner. According to the information entered into the predesigned form and the hospital follow-up/discharge data, the cases where symptoms like fever and joint pain persisted beyond two weeks were classified as severe versus those resolving within two weeks as mild. The patients in each group were compared for their clinical symptoms and association with the disease severity with detectable viremia (RT-PCR positivity). Results We identified a total of 178 (17.4%) lab-confirmed Chikungunya IgM-positive cases amongst the recruited patients. Here a total of 31 (18.9%) cases could be classified as severe and 133 (74.7%) as mild illness, the remaining 14 patients were excluded from analysis due to insufficient clinical data. Severe illness was significantly higher in elderly individuals belonging to more than 60 years (p = 0.01). Viremia was detected in 16 (9%), those with detectable viremia had higher odds (OR = 4.1) of manifesting as severe disease. Among the severe cases, the proportion of cases with RT-PCR positivity (8, 25.8%) at presentation was significantly higher (P = 0.01) versus those who presented with mild disease (7, 5.5%). Conclusion Our study reveals a correlation between detectable viremia in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) patients and an increased risk of manifesting into a severe disease, where severe cases exhibited a significantly higher proportion of viremia, indicated by RT-PCR positivity. This study hints at the presence of viremia, joint symptoms, and elderly age as potentially useful clinical predictors of disease outcomes, these may serve as indicators for closer monitoring among individuals seeking medical attention due to Chikungunya infection. However, we need to validate these findings in future longitudinal studies incorporating multiple, time-bound follow-up data on clinical outcomes, viral titers, and its long-term complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Rawat
- Microbiology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, IND
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Dipesh Kale
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Shashwati Nema
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Ram K Nema
- Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sudheer Gupta
- Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) & Bioinformatics Division, 3B Blackbio Dx Ltd., Bhopal, IND
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Debasis Biswas
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J. Towards modelling tick-virus interactions using the weakly pathogenic Sindbis virus: Evidence that ticks are competent vectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1334351. [PMID: 38567020 PMCID: PMC10985168 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1334351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Most tick-borne viruses (TBVs) are highly pathogenic and require high biosecurity, which severely limits their study. We found that Sindbis virus (SINV), predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, can replicate in ticks and be subsequently transmitted, with the potential to serve as a model for studying tick-virus interactions. We found that both larval and nymphal stages of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides can be infected with SINV-wild-type (WT) when feeding on infected mice. SINV replicated in two species of ticks (R. haemaphysaloides and Hyalomma asiaticum) after infecting them by microinjection. Injection of ticks with SINV expressing enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) revealed that SINV-eGFP specifically aggregated in the tick midguts for replication. During blood-feeding, SINV-eGFP migrated from the midguts to the salivary glands and was transmitted to a new host. SINV infection caused changes in expression levels of tick genes related to immune responses, substance transport and metabolism, cell growth and death. SINV mainly induced autophagy during the early stage of infection; with increasing time of infection, the level of autophagy decreased, while the level of apoptosis increased. During the early stages of infection, the transcript levels of immune-related genes were significantly upregulated, and then decreased. In addition, SINV induced changes in the transcription levels of some functional genes that play important roles in the interactions between ticks and tick-borne pathogens. These results confirm that the SINV-based transmission model between ticks, viruses, and mammals can be widely used to unravel the interactions between ticks and viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengmao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zedong Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mehta D, Chaudhary S, Sunil S. Oxidative stress governs mosquito innate immune signalling to reduce chikungunya virus infection in Aedes-derived cells. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38488850 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses such as chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses cause debilitating diseases in humans. The principal vector species that transmits these viruses is the Aedes mosquito. Lack of substantial knowledge of the vector species hinders the advancement of strategies for controlling the spread of arboviruses. To supplement our information on mosquitoes' responses to virus infection, we utilized Aedes aegypti-derived Aag2 cells to study changes at the transcriptional level during infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We observed that genes belonging to the redox pathway were significantly differentially regulated. Upon quantifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells during viral infection, we further discovered that ROS levels are considerably higher during the early hours of infection; however, as the infection progresses, an increase in antioxidant gene expression suppresses the oxidative stress in cells. Our study also suggests that ROS is a critical regulator of viral replication in cells and inhibits intracellular and extracellular viral replication by promoting the Rel2-mediated Imd immune signalling pathway. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for a regulatory role of oxidative stress in infected Aedes-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chaudhary
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McMahon R, Fuchs U, Schneider M, Hadl S, Hochreiter R, Bitzer A, Kosulin K, Koren M, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Wressnigg N, Dubischar K, Buerger V, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. A randomized, double-blinded Phase 3 study to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency and to confirm immunogenicity and safety of the live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine candidate VLA1553 in healthy adults†. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad156. [PMID: 38091981 PMCID: PMC10911060 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) increases the exposure risk for individuals travelling to or living in endemic areas. This Phase 3 study was designed to demonstrate manufacturing consistency between three lots of the single shot live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine VLA1553, and to confirm the promising immunogenicity and safety data obtained in previous trials. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, lot-to-lot consistency, Phase 3 study, assessed immunogenicity and safety of VLA1553 in 408 healthy adults (18-45 years) in 12 sites across the USA. The primary endpoint was a comparison of the geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios of CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies between three VLA1553 lots at 28 days post-vaccination. Secondary endpoints included immunogenicity and safety over 6 months post-vaccination. RESULTS GMTs were comparable between the lots meeting the acceptance criteria for equivalence. The average GMT (measured by 50% CHIKV micro plaque neutralization test; μPRNT50) peaked with 2643 at 28 days post-vaccination and decreased to 709 at 6 months post-vaccination. An excellent seroresponse rate (defined as μPRNT50 titre ≥ 150 considered protective) was achieved in 97.8% of participants at 28 days post-vaccination and still persisted in 96% at 6 months after vaccination. Upon VLA1553 immunization, 72.5% of participants experienced adverse events (AEs), without significant differences between lots (related solicited systemic AE: 53.9% of participants; related solicited local AE: 19.4%). Overall, AEs were mostly mild or moderate and resolved without sequela, usually within 3 days. With 3.9% of participants experiencing severe AEs, 2.7% were classified as related, whereas none of the six reported serious adverse events was related to the administration of VLA1553. CONCLUSIONS All three lots of VLA1553 recapitulated the safety and immunogenicity profiles of a preceding Phase 3 study, fulfilling pre-defined consistency requirements. These results highlight the manufacturability of VLA1553, a promising vaccine for the prevention of CHIKV disease for those living in or travelling to endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Koren
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Mader
- CRETA GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chykunova Y, Plewka J, Wilk P, Torzyk K, Sienczyk M, Dubin G, Pyrc K. Autoinhibition of suicidal capsid protease from O'nyong'nyong virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130136. [PMID: 38354926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Alphaviruses pose a significant threat to public health. Capsid protein encoded in the alphaviral genomes constitutes an interesting therapy target, as it also serves as a protease (CP). Remarkably, it undergoes autoproteolysis, leading to the generation of the C-terminal tryptophan that localizes to the active pocket, deactivating the enzyme. Lack of activity hampers the viral replication cycle, as the virus is not capable of producing the infectious progeny. We investigated the structure and function of the CP encoded in the genome of O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV), which has instigated outbreaks in Africa. Our research provides a high-resolution crystal structure of the ONNV CP in its active state and evaluates the enzyme's activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in ONNV CP proteolytic activity when exposed to indole, suggesting that tryptophan analogs may be a promising basis for developing small molecule inhibitors. It's noteworthy that the capsid protease plays an essential role in virus assembly, binding viral glycoproteins through its glycoprotein-binding hydrophobic pocket. We showed that non-aromatic cyclic compounds like dioxane disrupt this vital interaction. Our findings provide deeper insights into ONNV's biology, and we believe they will prove instrumental in guiding the development of antiviral strategies against arthritogenic alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Chykunova
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Structural Biology Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Torzyk
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sienczyk
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Protein Crystallography Research Group, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhai X, Li X, Veit M, Wang N, Wang Y, Merits A, Jiang Z, Qin Y, Zhang X, Qi K, Jiao H, He WT, Chen Y, Mao Y, Su S. LDLR is used as a cell entry receptor by multiple alphaviruses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:622. [PMID: 38245515 PMCID: PMC10799924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes and are pathogenic to humans and livestock, causing a substantial public health burden. So far, several receptors have been identified for alphavirus entry; however, they cannot explain the broad host range and tissue tropism of certain alphaviruses, such as Getah virus (GETV), indicating the existence of additional receptors. Here we identify the evolutionarily conserved low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as a new cell entry factor for GETV, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Ross River virus (RRV) and Bebaru virus (BEBV). Ectopic expression of LDLR facilitates cellular binding and internalization of GETV, which is mediated by the interaction between the E2-E1 spike of GETV and the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of LDLR. Antibodies against LBD block GETV infection in cultured cells. In addition, the GST-LBD fusion protein inhibits GETV infection both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we identify the key amino acids in LDLR-LBD that played a crucial role in viral entry; specific mutations in the CR4 and CR5 domain of LDLR-LBD reduce viral entry to cells by more than 20-fold. These findings suggest that targeting the LDLR-LBD could be a potential strategy for the development of antivirals against multiple alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Veit
- Institute for Virology, Center for Infection Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ningning Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of Tartu, Nooruse Street 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaili Qi
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houqi Jiao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Ting He
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuo Su
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adams LJ, Raju S, Ma H, Gilliland T, Reed DS, Klimstra WB, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Structural and functional basis of VLDLR usage by Eastern equine encephalitis virus. Cell 2024; 187:360-374.e19. [PMID: 38176410 PMCID: PMC10843625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) comprises eight LDLR type A (LA) domains and supports entry of distantly related alphaviruses, including Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Here, by resolving multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of EEEV-VLDLR complexes and performing mutagenesis and functional studies, we show that EEEV uses multiple sites (E1/E2 cleft and E2 A domain) to engage more than one LA domain simultaneously. However, no single LA domain is necessary or sufficient to support efficient EEEV infection. Whereas all EEEV strains show conservation of two VLDLR-binding sites, the EEEV PE-6 strain and a few other EEE complex members feature a single amino acid substitution that enables binding of LA domains to an additional site on the E2 B domain. These structural and functional analyses informed the design of a minimal VLDLR decoy receptor that neutralizes EEEV infection and protects mice from lethal challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theron Gilliland
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Douglas S Reed
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma H, Adams LJ, Raju S, Sariol A, Kafai NM, Janova H, Klimstra WB, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. The low-density lipoprotein receptor promotes infection of multiple encephalitic alphaviruses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:246. [PMID: 38172096 PMCID: PMC10764363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, including LDLRAD3, VLDLR, and ApoER2, were recently described as entry factors for different alphaviruses. However, based on studies with gene edited cells and knockout mice, blockade or abrogation of these receptors does not fully inhibit alphavirus infection, indicating the existence of additional uncharacterized entry factors. Here, we perform a CRISPR-Cas9 genome-wide loss-of-function screen in mouse neuronal cells with a chimeric alphavirus expressing the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) structural proteins and identify LDLR as a candidate receptor. Expression of LDLR on the surface of neuronal or non-neuronal cells facilitates binding and infection of EEEV, Western equine encephalitis virus, and Semliki Forest virus. Domain mapping and binding studies reveal a low-affinity interaction with LA domain 3 (LA3) that can be enhanced by concatenation of LA3 repeats. Soluble decoy proteins with multiple LA3 repeats inhibit EEEV infection in cell culture and in mice. Our results establish LDLR as a low-affinity receptor for multiple alphaviruses and highlight a possible path for developing inhibitors that could mitigate infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alan Sariol
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hana Janova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Celone M, Beeman S, Han BA, Potter AM, Pecor DB, Okech B, Pollett S. Understanding transmission risk and predicting environmental suitability for Mayaro Virus in Central and South America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011859. [PMID: 38194417 PMCID: PMC10775973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus that is widespread in South America. MAYV infection often presents with non-specific febrile symptoms but may progress to debilitating chronic arthritis or arthralgia. Despite the pandemic threat of MAYV, its true distribution remains unknown. The objective of this study was to clarify the geographic distribution of MAYV using an established risk mapping framework. This consisted of generating evidence consensus scores for MAYV presence, modeling the potential distribution of MAYV in select countries across Central and South America, and estimating the population residing in areas suitable for MAYV transmission. We compiled a georeferenced compendium of MAYV occurrence in humans, animals, and arthropods. Based on an established evidence consensus framework, we integrated multiple information sources to assess the total evidence supporting ongoing transmission of MAYV within each country in our study region. We then developed high resolution maps of the disease's estimated distribution using a boosted regression tree approach. Models were developed using nine climatic and environmental covariates that are related to the MAYV transmission cycle. Using the output of our boosted regression tree models, we estimated the total population living in regions suitable for MAYV transmission. The evidence consensus scores revealed high or very high evidence of MAYV transmission in several countries including Brazil (especially the states of Mato Grosso and Goiás), Venezuela, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and French Guiana. According to the boosted regression tree models, a substantial region of South America is suitable for MAYV transmission, including north and central Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. Some regions (e.g., Guyana) with only moderate evidence of known transmission were identified as highly suitable for MAYV. We estimate that approximately 58.9 million people (95% CI: 21.4-100.4) in Central and South America live in areas that may be suitable for MAYV transmission, including 46.2 million people (95% CI: 17.6-68.9) in Brazil. Our results may assist in prioritizing high-risk areas for vector control, human disease surveillance and ecological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Celone
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean Beeman
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Potter
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - David B. Pecor
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Bernard Okech
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Côrtes N, Lira A, Prates-Syed W, Dinis Silva J, Vuitika L, Cabral-Miranda W, Durães-Carvalho R, Balan A, Cabral-Marques O, Cabral-Miranda G. Integrated control strategies for dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya virus infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281667. [PMID: 38196945 PMCID: PMC10775689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a major threat to public health in tropical regions, encompassing over 534 distinct species, with 134 capable of causing diseases in humans. These viruses are transmitted through arthropod vectors that cause symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pains, and rash, in addition to more serious cases that can lead to death. Among the arboviruses, dengue virus stands out as the most prevalent, annually affecting approximately 16.2 million individuals solely in the Americas. Furthermore, the re-emergence of the Zika virus and the recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, with one million cases reported annually, underscore the urgency of addressing this public health challenge. In this manuscript we discuss the epidemiology, viral structure, pathogenicity and integrated control strategies to combat arboviruses, and the most used tools, such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, treatment, etc., in addition to presenting future perspectives for the control of arboviruses. Currently, specific medications for treating arbovirus infections are lacking, and symptom management remains the primary approach. However, promising advancements have been made in certain treatments, such as Chloroquine, Niclosamide, and Isatin derivatives, which have demonstrated notable antiviral properties against these arboviruses in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, various strategies within vector control approaches have shown significant promise in reducing arbovirus transmission rates. These encompass public education initiatives, targeted insecticide applications, and innovative approaches like manipulating mosquito bacterial symbionts, such as Wolbachia. In conclusion, combatting the global threat of arbovirus diseases needs a comprehensive approach integrating antiviral research, vaccination, and vector control. The continued efforts of research communities, alongside collaborative partnerships with public health authorities, are imperative to effectively address and mitigate the impact of these arboviral infections on public health worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Côrtes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Lira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wasim Prates-Syed
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Dinis Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Graduate Program in Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vuitika
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Durães-Carvalho
- São Paulo School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Balan
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Applied Structural Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Graduate Program in Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Graduate Program in Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adams LJ, Raju S, Ma H, Gilliland T, Reed DS, Klimstra WB, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Structural and functional basis of VLDLR receptor usage by Eastern equine encephalitis virus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567188. [PMID: 38014196 PMCID: PMC10680733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is comprised of eight LDLR type A (LA) domains and supports entry of distantly related Eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV) and Semliki Forest (SFV) alphaviruses. Here, by resolving multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of EEEV-VLDLR complexes and performing mutagenesis and functional studies, we show that EEEV uses multiple sites (E1/E2 cleft and E2 A domain) to engage different LA domains simultaneously. However, no single LA domain is necessary or sufficient to support efficient EEEV infection, highlighting complexity in domain usage. Whereas all EEEV strains show conservation of two VLDLR binding sites, the EEEV PE-6 strain and other EEE complex members feature a single amino acid substitution that mediates binding of LA domains to an additional site on the E2 B domain. These structural and functional analyses informed the design of a minimal VLDLR decoy receptor that neutralizes EEEV infection and protects mice from lethal challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theron Gilliland
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William B. Klimstra
- The Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Periferakis K, Scheau AE, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Kaempferol: A Review of Current Evidence of Its Antiviral Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16299. [PMID: 38003488 PMCID: PMC10671393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol and its derivatives are flavonoids found in various plants, and a considerable number of these have been used in various medical applications worldwide. Kaempferol and its compounds have well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties among other health benefits. However, the antiviral properties of kaempferol are notable, and there is a significant number of experimental studies on this topic. Kaempferol compounds were effective against DNA viruses such as hepatitis B virus, viruses of the alphaherpesvirinae family, African swine fever virus, and pseudorabies virus; they were also effective against RNA viruses, namely feline SARS coronavirus, dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, influenza virus, enterovirus 71, poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, calicivirus, and chikungunya virus. On the other hand, no effectiveness against murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus could be determined. The antiviral action mechanisms of kaempferol compounds are various, such as the inhibition of viral polymerases and of viral attachment and entry into host cells. Future research should be focused on further elucidating the antiviral properties of kaempferol compounds from different plants and assessing their potential use to complement the action of antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Payet M, Septembre-Malaterre A, Gasque P, Guillot X. Human Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressed Immunoregulatory Factors IDO and TSG6 in a Context of Arthritis Mediated by Alphaviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15932. [PMID: 37958918 PMCID: PMC10649115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by arthritogenic alphaviruses (aavs) can lead to reactive arthritis, which is characterized by inflammation and persistence of the virus; however, its mechanisms remain ill-characterized. Intriguingly, it has been shown that viral persistence still takes place in spite of robust innate and adaptive immune responses, characterized notably by the infiltration of macrophages (sources of TNF-alpha) as well as T/NK cells (sources of IFN-gamma) in the infected joint. Aavs are known to target mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the synovium, and we herein tested the hypothesis that the infection of MSCs may promote the expression of immunoregulators to skew the anti-viral cellular immune responses. We compared the regulated expression via human synovial MSCs of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, IL6, CCL2, miR-221-3p) to that of immunoregulators (e.g., IDO, TSG6, GAS6, miR146a-5p). We used human synovial tissue-derived MSCs which were infected with O'Nyong-Nyong alphavirus (ONNV, class II aav) alone, or combined with recombinant human TNF-α or IFN-γ, to mimic the clinical settings. We confirmed via qPCR and immunofluorescence that ONNV infected human synovial tissue-derived MSCs. Interestingly, ONNV alone did not regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. In contrast, IDO, TSG6, and GAS6 mRNA expression were increased in response to ONNV infection alone, but particularly when combined with both recombinant cytokines. ONNV infection equally decreased miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p in the untreated cells and abrogated the stimulatory activity of the recombinant TNF-α but not the IFN-gamma. Our study argues for a major immunoregulatory phenotype of MSCs infected with ONNV which may favor virus persistence in the inflamed joint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Payet
- Research Unit ‘Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques’ UR EPI, Université de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.P.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Research Unit ‘Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques’ UR EPI, Université de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.P.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Research Unit ‘Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques’ UR EPI, Université de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.P.); (A.S.-M.)
- Immunology Laboratory (LICE-OI), CHU Bellepierre, Reunion University Hospital, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Xavier Guillot
- Research Unit ‘Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques’ UR EPI, Université de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (M.P.); (A.S.-M.)
- Rheumatology Clinical Department, CHU Bellepierre, Reunion University Hospital, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang W, Wang J, Liu Q, Gong Z. A Review of Pathogens Transmitted by the Container-Inhabiting Mosquitoes, Aedes Albopictus, A Global Public Health Threat. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:984-990. [PMID: 38023389 PMCID: PMC10652089 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are highly pathogenic human arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) or Ae. Albopictus mosquito. These arboviruses are responsible for causing fever, hemorrhagic conditions, and neurological diseases in humans post-bite from an infected Aedes mosquito. Over the past 80 years, the Ae. albopictus has infested every habitable continent, bar Antarctica, thereby escalating the probability of global insect-borne infectious disease outbreaks. This research follows the global transmission pattern of Ae. albopictus and provides a summary of disease prevention and control strategies for mosquito-borne infections, as implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) and both Asian and European countries. Consequently, this study can aid in the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases while acting as a basis for international collaboration on effectively managing arbovirus infection issues in public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinna Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinmei Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Manzato VDM, Di Santo C, Torquato RJS, Coelho C, Gallo G, Hardy L, Würtele M, Tanaka AS. Boophilin D1, a Kunitz type protease inhibitor, as a source of inhibitors for the ZIKA virus NS2B-NS3 protease. Biochimie 2023; 214:96-101. [PMID: 37364769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are a global concern for a multitude of reasons, including their increased incidence and human mortality. Vectors associated with arboviruses include the mosquito Aedes sp., which is responsible for transmitting the Zika virus. Flaviviruses, like the Zika virus, present only one chymotrypsin-like serine protease (NS3) in their genome. Together with host enzymes, the NS2B co-factor NS3 protease complex are essential for the viral replication cycle by virus polyprotein processing. To search for Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease (ZIKVPro) inhibitors, a phage display library was constructed using the Boophilin domain 1 (BoophD1), a thrombin inhibitor from the Kunitz family. A BoophilinD1 library mutated at positions P1-P4' was constructed, presenting a titer of 2.9x106 (cfu), and screened utilizing purified ZIKVPro. The results demonstrated at the P1-P4' positions the occurrence of 47% RALHA sequence (mut 12) and 11.8% RASWA sequence (mut14), SMRPT, or KALIP (wt) sequence. BoophD1-wt and mutants 12 and 14 were expressed and purified. The purified BoophD1 wt, mut 12 and 14, presented Ki values for ZIKVPro of 0.103, 0.116, and 0.101 μM, respectively. The BoophD1 mutant inhibitors inhibit the Dengue virus 2 protease (DENV2) with Ki values of 0.298, 0.271, and 0.379 μM, respectively. In conclusion, BoophD1 mut 12 and 14 selected for ZIKVPro demonstrated inhibitory activity like BoophD1-wt, suggesting that these are the strongest Zika inhibitors present in the BoophD1 mutated phage display library. Furthermore, BoophD1 mutants selected for ZIKVPro inhibit both Zika and Dengue 2 proteases making them potential pan-flavivirus inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica de Moraes Manzato
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Di Santo
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jose Soares Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Coelho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gloria Gallo
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leon Hardy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Martin Würtele
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Sadae Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Powers AM, Williamson LE, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Hyde JL, Jonsson CB, Nasar F, Weaver SC. Developing a Prototype Pathogen Plan and Research Priorities for the Alphaviruses. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S414-S426. [PMID: 37849399 PMCID: PMC11007399 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Togaviridae family, genus, Alphavirus, includes several mosquito-borne human pathogens with the potential to spread to near pandemic proportions. Most of these are zoonotic, with spillover infections of humans and domestic animals, but a few such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have the ability to use humans as amplification hosts for transmission in urban settings and explosive outbreaks. Most alphaviruses cause nonspecific acute febrile illness, with pathogenesis sometimes leading to either encephalitis or arthralgic manifestations with severe and chronic morbidity and occasional mortality. The development of countermeasures, especially against CHIKV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that are major threats, has included vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics that are likely to also be successful for rapid responses with other members of the family. However, further work with these prototypes and other alphavirus pathogens should target better understanding of human tropism and pathogenesis, more comprehensive identification of cellular receptors and entry, and better understanding of structural mechanisms of neutralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hyde
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Farooq Nasar
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch and Viral Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lata K, Charles S, Mangala Prasad V. Advances in computational approaches to structure determination of alphaviruses and flaviviruses using cryo-electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107993. [PMID: 37414374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have greatly contributed to our current understanding of virus structures and life cycles. In this review, we discuss the application of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) for the structure elucidation of small enveloped icosahedral viruses, namely, alpha- and flaviviruses. We focus on technical advances in cryo-EM data collection, image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction, and refinement strategies for obtaining high-resolution structures of these viruses. Each of these developments enabled new insights into the alpha- and flavivirus architecture, leading to a better understanding of their biology, pathogenesis, immune response, immunogen design, and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Lata
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sylvia Charles
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Vidya Mangala Prasad
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Celone M, Potter AM, Han BA, Beeman SP, Okech B, Forshey B, Dunford J, Rutherford G, Mita-Mendoza NK, Estallo EL, Khouri R, de Siqueira IC, Petersen K, Maves RC, Anyamba A, Pollett S. A geopositioned and evidence-graded pan-species compendium of Mayaro virus occurrence. Sci Data 2023; 10:460. [PMID: 37452060 PMCID: PMC10349107 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is an emerging health threat in the Americas that can cause febrile illness as well as debilitating arthralgia or arthritis. To better understand the geographic distribution of MAYV risk, we developed a georeferenced database of MAYV occurrence based on peer-reviewed literature and unpublished reports. Here we present this compendium, which includes both point and polygon locations linked to occurrence data documented from its discovery in 1954 until 2022. We describe all methods used to develop the database including data collection, georeferencing, management and quality-control. We also describe a customized grading system used to assess the quality of each study included in our review. The result is a comprehensive, evidence-graded database of confirmed MAYV occurrence in humans, non-human animals, and arthropods to-date, containing 262 geo-positioned occurrences in total. This database - which can be updated over time - may be useful for local spill-over risk assessment, epidemiological modelling to understand key transmission dynamics and drivers of MAYV spread, as well as identification of major surveillance gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Celone
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA.
| | - Alexander M Potter
- Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland, 20746, USA
| | - Barbara A Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, 12545, USA
| | - Sean P Beeman
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Bernard Okech
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Brett Forshey
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20904, USA
| | - James Dunford
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - George Rutherford
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | | | - Elizabet Lilia Estallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz, R. Waldemar Falcão, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | | | - Kyle Petersen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Assaf Anyamba
- Geospatial Science and Human Security Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37830, USA
| | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schneider M, Narciso-Abraham M, Hadl S, McMahon R, Toepfer S, Fuchs U, Hochreiter R, Bitzer A, Kosulin K, Larcher-Senn J, Mader R, Dubischar K, Zoihsl O, Jaramillo JC, Eder-Lingelbach S, Buerger V, Wressnigg N. Safety and immunogenicity of a single-shot live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine: a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2023; 401:2138-2147. [PMID: 37321235 PMCID: PMC10314240 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VLA1553 is a live-attenuated vaccine candidate for active immunisation and prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus. We report safety and immunogenicity data up to day 180 after vaccination with VLA1553. METHODS This double-blind, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial was done in 43 professional vaccine trial sites in the USA. Eligible participants were healthy volunteers aged 18 years and older. Patients were excluded if they had history of chikungunya virus infection or immune-mediated or chronic arthritis or arthralgia, known or suspected defect of the immune system, any inactivated vaccine received within 2 weeks before vaccination with VLA1553, or any live vaccine received within 4 weeks before vaccination with VLA1553. Participants were randomised (3:1) to receive VLA1553 or placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of baseline negative participants with a seroprotective chikungunya virus antibody level defined as 50% plaque reduction in a micro plaque reduction neutralisation test (μPRNT) with a μPRNT50 titre of at least 150, 28 days after vaccination. The safety analysis included all individuals who received vaccination. Immunogenicity analyses were done in a subset of participants at 12 pre-selected study sites. These participants were required to have no major protocol deviations to be included in the per-protocol population for immunogenicity analyses. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04546724. FINDINGS Between Sept 17, 2020 and April 10, 2021, 6100 people were screened for eligibility. 1972 people were excluded and 4128 participants were enrolled and randomised (3093 to VLA1553 and 1035 to placebo). 358 participants in the VLA1553 group and 133 participants in the placebo group discontinued before trial end. The per-protocol population for immunogenicity analysis comprised 362 participants (266 in the VLA1553 group and 96 in the placebo group). After a single vaccination, VLA1553 induced seroprotective chikungunya virus neutralising antibody levels in 263 (98·9%) of 266 participants in the VLA1553 group (95% CI 96·7-99·8; p<0·0001) 28 days post-vaccination, independent of age. VLA1553 was generally safe with an adverse event profile similar to other licensed vaccines and equally well tolerated in younger and older adults. Serious adverse events were reported in 46 (1·5%) of 3082 participants exposed to VLA1553 and eight (0·8%) of 1033 participants in the placebo arm. Only two serious adverse events were considered related to VLA1553 treatment (one mild myalgia and one syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion). Both participants recovered fully. INTERPRETATION The strong immune response and the generation of seroprotective titres in almost all vaccinated participants suggests that VLA1553 is an excellent candidate for the prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus. FUNDING Valneva, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation, and EU Horizon 2020.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim AS, Diamond MS. A molecular understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody protection. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:396-407. [PMID: 36474012 PMCID: PMC9734810 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that cause epidemics of human infection and disease on a global scale. These viruses are classified as either arthritogenic or encephalitic based on their genetic relatedness and the clinical syndromes they cause. Although there are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines against alphaviruses, passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies confers protection in animal models. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the host factors required for alphavirus entry, the mechanisms of action by which protective antibodies inhibit different steps in the alphavirus infection cycle and candidate alphavirus vaccines currently under clinical evaluation that focus on humoral immunity. A comprehensive understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody-mediated protection may inform the development of new classes of countermeasures for these emerging viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Patel AR, Dulcey M, Abid N, Cash MN, Dailey J, Salemi M, Mavian C, Vittor AY. Infectivity of three Mayaro Virus geographic isolates in human cell lines. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106894. [PMID: 36965613 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emergent arthropod-borne virus that causes an acute febrile illness accompanied by arthralgia, similar to chikungunya virus. Increasing urbanization of MAYV outbreaks in the Americas has led to concerns for geographic expansion and spillover. Given the potential importance of this pathogen, we sought to fill critical gaps in knowledge regarding MAYV infectivity and geographic variation. This study describes the cytopathogenicity of MAYV in human dermal fibroblasts, human skeletal muscle satellite cells, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), peripherally derived human macrophages, and Vero cells. We found that regional differences between these viruses do not affect replication kinetics, with high titers peaking at 37 h post infection. MAYV-U, did however, cause the most cytopathic effect in a time-dependent manner. Compared to the other two prototypic isolates, MAYV-U harbors unique mutations in the E2 protein, D60G and S205F, that are likely to interact with the host cell receptor and could affect infectivity. We further demonstrate that pre-treatment of cells with interferon-β inhibited viral replication in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these findings advance our understanding of MAYV infection of human target cells and provide initial data regarding variation according to geography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aum R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Dulcey
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Abid
- High Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Melanie N Cash
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan Dailey
- College of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carla Mavian
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Amy Y Vittor
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Feng F, Bouma EM, Hu G, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Smit JM, Diamond MS, Zhang R. Colocalization of Chikungunya Virus with Its Receptor MXRA8 during Cell Attachment, Internalization, and Membrane Fusion. J Virol 2023; 97:e0155722. [PMID: 37133449 PMCID: PMC10231136 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), preferentially target joint tissues and cause chronic rheumatic disease that adversely impacts the quality of life of patients. Viruses enter target cells via interaction with cell surface receptor(s), which determine the viral tissue tropism and pathogenesis. Although MXRA8 is a recently identified receptor for several clinically relevant arthritogenic alphaviruses, its detailed role in the cell entry process has not been fully explored. We found that in addition to its localization on the plasma membrane, MXRA8 is present in acidic organelles, endosomes, and lysosomes. Moreover, MXRA8 is internalized into cells without a requirement for its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Confocal microscopy and live cell imaging revealed that MXRA8 interacts with CHIKV at the cell surface and then enters cells along with CHIKV particles. At the moment of membrane fusion in the endosomes, many viral particles are still colocalized with MXRA8. These findings provide insight as to how MXRA8 functions in alphavirus internalization and suggest possible targets for antiviral development. IMPORTANCE The globally distributed arthritogenic alphaviruses have infected millions of humans and induce rheumatic disease, such as severe polyarthralgia/polyarthritis, for weeks to years. Alphaviruses infect target cells through receptor(s) followed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. MXRA8 was recently identified as an entry receptor that shapes the tropism and pathogenesis for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Nonetheless, the exact functions of MXRA8 during the process of viral cell entry remain undetermined. Here, we have provided compelling evidence for MXRA8 as a bona fide entry receptor that mediates the uptake of alphavirus virions. Small molecules that disrupt MXRA8-dependent binding of alphaviruses or internalization steps could serve as a platform for unique classes of antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen M. Bouma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Raju S, Adams LJ, Earnest JT, Warfield K, Vang L, Crowe JE, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. A chikungunya virus-like particle vaccine induces broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies against alphaviruses in humans. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade8273. [PMID: 37196061 PMCID: PMC10562830 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade8273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes epidemics of acute and chronic musculoskeletal disease. Here, we analyzed the human B cell response to a CHIKV-like particle-adjuvanted vaccine (PXVX0317) from samples obtained from a phase 2 clinical trial in humans (NCT03483961). Immunization with PXVX0317 induced high levels of neutralizing antibody in serum against CHIKV and circulating antigen-specific B cells up to 6 months after immunization. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from peripheral blood B cells of three PXVX0317-vaccinated individuals on day 57 after immunization potently neutralized CHIKV infection, and a subset of these inhibited multiple related arthritogenic alphaviruses. Epitope mapping and cryo-electron microscopy defined two broadly neutralizing mAbs that uniquely bind to the apex of the B domain of the E2 glycoprotein. These results demonstrate the inhibitory breadth and activity of the human B cell response induced by the PXVX0317 vaccine against CHIKV and potentially other related alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J. Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James T. Earnest
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kong J, Bie Y, Ji W, Xu J, Lyu B, Xiong X, Qiu Y, Zhou X. Alphavirus infection triggers antiviral RNAi immunity in mammals. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112441. [PMID: 37104090 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a well-established antiviral immunity. However, for mammalian somatic cells, antiviral RNAi becomes evident only when viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) are disabled by mutations or VSR-targeting drugs, thereby limiting its scope as a mammalian immunity. We find that a wild-type alphavirus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), triggers the Dicer-dependent production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) in both mammalian somatic cells and adult mice. These SFV-vsiRNAs are located at a particular region within the 5' terminus of the SFV genome, Argonaute loaded, and active in conferring effective anti-SFV activity. Sindbis virus, another alphavirus, also induces vsiRNA production in mammalian somatic cells. Moreover, treatment with enoxacin, an RNAi enhancer, inhibits SFV replication dependent on RNAi response in vitro and in vivo and protects mice from SFV-induced neuropathogenesis and lethality. These findings show that alphaviruses trigger the production of active vsiRNA in mammalian somatic cells, highlighting the functional importance and therapeutic potential of antiviral RNAi in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li FS, Carpentier KS, Hawman DW, Lucas CJ, Ander SE, Feldmann H, Morrison TE. Species-specific MARCO-alphavirus interactions dictate chikungunya virus viremia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112418. [PMID: 37083332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are public health threats that cause explosive outbreaks. Major determinants of arbovirus transmission, geographic spread, and pathogenesis are the magnitude and duration of viremia in vertebrate hosts. Previously, we determined that multiple alphaviruses are cleared efficiently from murine circulation by the scavenger receptor MARCO (Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure). Here, we define biochemical features on chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong 'nyong (ONNV), and Ross River (RRV) viruses required for MARCO-dependent clearance in vivo. In vitro, MARCO expression promotes binding and internalization of CHIKV, ONNV, and RRV via the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain. Furthermore, we observe species-specific effects of the MARCO SRCR domain on CHIKV internalization, where those from known amplification hosts fail to promote CHIKV internalization. Consistent with this observation, CHIKV is inefficiently cleared from the circulation of rhesus macaques in contrast with mice. These findings suggest a role for MARCO in determining whether a vertebrate serves as an amplification or dead-end host following CHIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn S Carpentier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Cormac J Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie E Ander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cao D, Ma B, Cao Z, Zhang X, Xiang Y. Structure of Semliki Forest virus in complex with its receptor VLDLR. Cell 2023; 186:2208-2218.e15. [PMID: 37098345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an alphavirus that uses the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) as a receptor during infection of its vertebrate hosts and insect vectors. Herein, we used cryoelectron microscopy to study the structure of SFV in complex with VLDLR. We found that VLDLR binds multiple E1-DIII sites of SFV through its membrane-distal LDLR class A (LA) repeats. Among the LA repeats of the VLDLR, LA3 has the best binding affinity to SFV. The high-resolution structure shows that LA3 binds SFV E1-DIII through a small surface area of 378 Å2, with the main interactions at the interface involving salt bridges. Compared with the binding of single LA3s, consecutive LA repeats around LA3 promote synergistic binding to SFV, during which the LAs undergo a rotation, allowing simultaneous key interactions at multiple E1-DIII sites on the virion and enabling the binding of VLDLRs from divergent host species to SFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duanfang Cao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bingting Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi Cao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ye Xiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abbo SR, Nguyen W, Abma-Henkens MHC, van de Kamer D, Savelkoul NHA, Geertsema C, Le TTT, Tang B, Yan K, Dumenil T, van Oers MM, Suhrbier A, Pijlman GP. Comparative Efficacy of Mayaro Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Produced in Insect or Mammalian Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0160122. [PMID: 36883812 PMCID: PMC10062127 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01601-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes often debilitating rheumatic disease in tropical Central and South America. There are currently no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs available for MAYV disease. Here, we generated Mayaro virus-like particles (VLPs) using the scalable baculovirus-insect cell expression system. High-level secretion of MAYV VLPs in the culture fluid of Sf9 insect cells was achieved, and particles with a diameter of 64 to 70 nm were obtained after purification. We characterize a C57BL/6J adult wild-type mouse model of MAYV infection and disease and used this model to compare the immunogenicity of VLPs from insect cells with that of VLPs produced in mammalian cells. Mice received two intramuscular immunizations with 1 μg of nonadjuvanted MAYV VLPs. Potent neutralizing antibody responses were generated against the vaccine strain, BeH407, with comparable activity seen against a contemporary 2018 isolate from Brazil (BR-18), whereas neutralizing activity against chikungunya virus was marginal. Sequencing of BR-18 illustrated that this virus segregates with genotype D isolates, whereas MAYV BeH407 belongs to genotype L. The mammalian cell-derived VLPs induced higher mean neutralizing antibody titers than those produced in insect cells. Both VLP vaccines completely protected adult wild-type mice against viremia, myositis, tendonitis, and joint inflammation after MAYV challenge. IMPORTANCE Mayaro virus (MAYV) is associated with acute rheumatic disease that can be debilitating and can evolve into months of chronic arthralgia. MAYV is believed to have the potential to emerge as a tropical public health threat, especially if it develops the ability to be efficiently transmitted by urban mosquito vectors, such as Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus. Here, we describe a scalable virus-like particle vaccine against MAYV that induced neutralizing antibodies against a historical and a contemporary isolate of MAYV and protected mice against infection and disease, providing a potential new intervention for MAYV epidemic preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R. Abbo
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Denise van de Kamer
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niek H. A. Savelkoul
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corinne Geertsema
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thuy T. T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monique M. van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- GVN Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Center, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gorben P. Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Azerigyik FA, Faizah AN, Kobayashi D, Amoa-Bosompem M, Matsumura R, Kai I, Sasaki T, Higa Y, Isawa H, Iwanaga S, Ishino T. Evaluating the mosquito host range of Getah virus and the vector competence of selected medically important mosquitoes in Getah virus transmission. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:99. [PMID: 36922882 PMCID: PMC10015795 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) that is of significant importance in veterinary medicine. It has been associated with major polyarthritis outbreaks in animals, but there are insufficient data on its clinical symptoms in humans. Serological evidence of GETV exposure and the risk of zoonotic transmission makes GETV a potentially medically relevant arbovirus. However, minimal emphasis has been placed on investigating GETV vector transmission, which limits current knowledge of the factors facilitating the spread and outbreaks of GETV. METHODS To examine the range of the mosquito hosts of GETV, we selected medically important mosquitoes, assessed them in vitro and in vivo and determined their relative competence in virus transmission. The susceptibility and growth kinetics of GETVs in various mosquito-derived cell lines were also determined and quantified using plaque assays. Vector competency assays were also conducted, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and plaque assays were used to determine the susceptibility and transmission capacity of each mosquito species evaluated in this study. RESULTS GETV infection in all of the investigated mosquito cell lines resulted in detectable cytopathic effects. GETV reproduced the fastest in Culex tritaeniorhynchus- and Aedes albopictus-derived cell lines, as evidenced by the highest exponential titers we observed. Regarding viral RNA copy numbers, mosquito susceptibility to infection, spread, and transmission varied significantly between species. The highest vector competency indices for infection, dissemination and transmission were obtained for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. This is the first study to investigate the ability of Ae. albopictus and Anopheles stephensi to transmit GETV, and the results emphasize the role and capacity of other mosquito species to transmit GETV upon exposure to GETV, in addition to the perceived vectors from which GETV has been isolated in nature. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of GETV vector competency studies to determine all possible transmission vectors, especially in endemic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ryo Matsumura
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Kai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chikungunya Virus and Its Envelope Protein E2 Induce Hyperalgesia in Mice: Inhibition by Anti-E2 Monoclonal Antibodies and by Targeting TRPV1. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040556. [PMID: 36831223 PMCID: PMC9954636 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is an arthropod-borne infectious agent that causes Chikungunya fever disease. About 90% of the infected patients experience intense polyarthralgia, affecting mainly the extremities but also the large joints such as the knees. Chronic disease symptoms persist for months, even after clearance of the virus from the blood. Envelope proteins stimulate the immune response against the Chikungunya virus, becoming an important therapeutic target. We inactivated the Chikungunya virus (iCHIKV) and produced recombinant E2 (rE2) protein and three different types of anti-rE2 monoclonal antibodies. Using these tools, we observed that iCHIKV and rE2 protein induced mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic aesthesiometer test) and thermal hyperalgesia (Hargreaves test) in mice. These behavioral results were accompanied by the activation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in mice, as observed by calcium influx. Treatment with three different types of anti-rE2 monoclonal antibodies and absence or blockade (AMG-9810 treatment) of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel diminished mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in mice. iCHIKV and rE2 activated TRPV1+ mouse DRG neurons in vitro, demonstrating their ability to activate nociceptor sensory neurons directly. Therefore, our mouse data demonstrate that targeting E2 CHIKV protein with monoclonal antibodies and inhibiting TRPV1 channels are reasonable strategies to control CHIKV pain.
Collapse
|
42
|
A. Jalloh M, Artika IM, P. Dewi Y, Syafruddin D, Idris I, B.B. Bernadus J, Telew A, S. Purwanto D, D. Rosita Y, Antonjaya U, S.A. Myint K. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya in an Asymptomatic Adult Population in North and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:359-362. [PMID: 36535254 PMCID: PMC9896315 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIK) is an emerging and reemerging infectious disease of public health importance in Indonesia. Information on the asymptomatic and true burden of CHIK virus (CHIKV) infections is limited. We assayed 1,092 healthy population samples, collected in North and South Sulawesi between 2019 and 2020, for antibodies against CHIKV. Blood samples were screened by IgM and IgG ELISAs and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. CHIKV IgG seroprevalence in North and South Sulawesi was 53.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The overall prevalence of anti-CHIKV IgM antibody was 12.9%. Molecular testing of blood donors revealed 0.66% (2/300) were positive for CHIKV qRT-PCR. Our study provides new insights into the CHIKV endemicity situation in the eastern part of Indonesia and warrants the need for further systematic surveillance considering there is no treatment or vaccine for CHIK infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Jalloh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I Made Artika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yora P. Dewi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Idris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Janno B.B. Bernadus
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | | | - Diana S. Purwanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Yoeke D. Rosita
- Health Laboratory Center (Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan), Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ungke Antonjaya
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ogorek TJ, Golden JE. Advances in the Development of Small Molecule Antivirals against Equine Encephalitic Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:413. [PMID: 36851628 PMCID: PMC9958955 DOI: 10.3390/v15020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalitic alphaviruses (VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV, respectively) are arboviruses that are highly pathogenic to equines and cause significant harm to infected humans. Currently, human alphavirus infection and the resulting diseases caused by them are unmitigated due to the absence of approved vaccines or therapeutics for general use. These circumstances, combined with the unpredictability of outbreaks-as exemplified by a 2019 EEE surge in the United States that claimed 19 patient lives-emphasize the risks posed by these viruses, especially for aerosolized VEEV and EEEV which are potential biothreats. Herein, small molecule inhibitors of VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV are reviewed that have been identified or advanced in the last five years since a comprehensive review was last performed. We organize structures according to host- versus virus-targeted mechanisms, highlight cellular and animal data that are milestones in the development pipeline, and provide a perspective on key considerations for the progression of compounds at early and later stages of advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Ogorek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cai L, Hu X, Liu S, Wang L, Lu H, Tu H, Huang X, Tong Y. The research progress of Chikungunya fever. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1095549. [PMID: 36699921 PMCID: PMC9870324 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1095549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever, an acute infectious disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with fever, rash, and joint pain as the main features. 1952, the first outbreak of Chikungunya fever was in Tanzania, Africa, and the virus was isolated in 1953. The epidemic has expanded from Africa to South Asia, the Indian Ocean islands and the Americas, and is now present in more than 100 countries and territories worldwide, causing approximately 1 million infections worldwide each year. In addition, fatal cases have been reported, making CHIKV a relevant public health disease. The evolution of the virus, globalization, and climate change may have contributed to the spread of CHIKV. 2005-2006 saw the most severe outbreak on Reunion Island, affecting nearly 35% of the population. Since 2005, cases of Chikungunya fever have spread mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, eventually reaching the Americas through the Caribbean island. Today, CHIKV is widely spread worldwide and is a global public health problem. In addition, the lack of a preventive vaccine and approved antiviral treatment makes CHIKV a major global health threat. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of CHIKV, focusing on the atypical disease manifestations. We also provide an updated review of the current development of CHIKV vaccines. Overall, these aspects represent some of the most recent advances in our understanding of CHIKV pathogenesis and also provide important insights into the current development of CHIKV and potential CHIKV vaccines for current development and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Global Study Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Tu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xibao Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China,Xibao Huang ✉
| | - Yeqing Tong
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yeqing Tong ✉
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Costa DMDN, Gouveia PADC, Silva GEDB, Neves PDMDM, Vajgel G, Cavalcante MAGDM, Oliveira CBLD, Valente LM, Silveira VMD. The relationship between chikungunya virus and the kidneys: A scoping review. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2357. [PMID: 35521644 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several atypical forms of chikungunya fever (CHIK) have been described, including neurological, cardiac and renal involvement. These forms may be related to high morbidity and mortality rates. This scoping review based on the PubMed, Scopus, and WOS databases aims to identify and summarise all the available evidence regarding the clinical and histopathological presentations and risk factors associated with kidney injury related to CHIK, as well as the clinical impact. Thus, a total of 54 papers were selected from 1606 initial references after applying the defined inclusion criteria. Data on the association between kidney injury and CHIK are scarce, with studies only conducted in the acute phase of the disease, lacking further characterisation. Kidney injury incidence in hospitalised patients using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria varies from 21% to 45%, being higher among patients with atypical and severe manifestations. Although acute kidney injury does not seem to be related to viraemia, it may be related to higher mortality. Few studies have described the renal histopathological changes in the acute phase of CHIK, with prevalent findings of acute interstitial nephritis with mononuclear infiltrate, glomerular congestion and nephrosclerosis. Only one study assessed the kidney function of patients in the subacute and chronic phases of CHIK. Additionally, individuals with comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease, may be among those with a greater risk of presenting worse outcomes when affected by CHIK. The results described herein may contribute to better understand the relationship between the kidneys and chikungunya virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes Neves
- Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology and Dialysis Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Vajgel
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lim EXY, Webster JA, Rudd PA, Herrero LJ. Pathways Activated by Infected and Bystander Chondrocytes in Response to Ross River Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 15:136. [PMID: 36680176 PMCID: PMC9864161 DOI: 10.3390/v15010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Old world alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus (RRV), cause debilitating arthralgia during acute and chronic stages of the disease. RRV-induced cartilage degradation has been implicated as a cause of joint pain felt by RRV patients. Chondrocytes are a major cell type of cartilage and are involved in the production and maintenance of the cartilage matrix. It is thought that these cells may play a vital role in RRV disease pathogenesis. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to examine the transcriptomes of RRV-infected and bystander chondrocytes in the same environment. RRV containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) allowed for the separation of RRV-infected (GFP+) and bystander uninfected cells (GFP-). We found that whereas GFP+ and GFP- populations commonly presented similar gene expression profiles during infection, there were also unique signatures. For example, RIMS2 and FOXJ1 were unique to GFP+ cells, whilst Aim2 and CCL8 were only found in bystander chondrocytes. This indicates that careful selection of potential therapeutic targets is important to minimise adverse effects to the neighbouring uninfected cell populations. Our study serves as a resource to provide more information about the pathways and responses elicited by RRV in cells which are both infected and stimulated because of neighbouring infected cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bishop CR, Caten FT, Nakaya HI, Suhrbier A. Chikungunya patient transcriptional signatures faithfully recapitulated in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1092370. [PMID: 36578476 PMCID: PMC9791225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An adult wild-type C57BL/6J mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and disease has been extensively used to study the alphaviral arthritic immunopathology and to evaluate new interventions. How well mouse models recapitulate the gene expression profiles seen in humans remains controversial. Methods Herein we perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-Seq datasets from the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model with datasets obtained from adults and children acutely infected with CHIKV. Results Despite sampling quite different tissues, peripheral blood from humans and feet from mice, gene expression profiles were quite similar, with an overlap of up to ≈50% for up-regulated single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, high levels of significant concordance between mouse and human were seen for immune pathways and signatures, which were dominated by interferons, T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Importantly, predicted responses to a series of anti-inflammatory drug and biologic treatments also showed cogent similarities between species. Discussion Comparative transcriptomics and subsequent pathway analysis provides a detailed picture of how a given model recapitulates human gene expression. Using this method, we show that the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model provides a reliable and representative system in which to study CHIKV immunopathology and evaluate new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bishop
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Global Virus Network (GVN) Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yeh JX, Fan Y, Bartlett ML, Zhang X, Sadowski N, Hauer DA, Timp W, Griffin DE. Treatment of Sindbis Virus-Infected Neurons with Antibody to E2 Alters Synthesis of Complete and nsP1-Expressing Defective Viral RNAs. mBio 2022; 13:e0222122. [PMID: 36069441 PMCID: PMC9600605 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02221-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses that are important causes of viral encephalomyelitis. Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototype alphavirus, preferentially infects neurons in mice and is a model system for studying mechanisms of viral clearance from the nervous system. Antibody specific to the SINV E2 glycoprotein plays an important role in SINV clearance, and this effect is reproduced in cultures of infected mature neurons. To determine how anti-E2 antibody affects SINV RNA synthesis, Oxford Nanopore Technologies direct long-read RNA sequencing was used to sequence viral RNAs following antibody treatment of infected neurons. Differentiated AP-7 rat olfactory neuronal cells, an in vitro model for mature neurons, were infected with SINV and treated with anti-E2 antibody. Whole-cell RNA lysates were collected for sequencing of poly(A)-selected RNA 24, 48, and 72 h after infection. Three primary species of viral RNA were produced: genomic, subgenomic, and defective viral genomes (DVGs) encoding the RNA capping protein nsP1. Antibody treatment resulted in overall lower production of SINV RNA, decreased synthesis of subgenomic RNA relative to genomic RNA, and suppressed production of the nsP1 DVG. The nsP1 DVG was packaged into virus particles and could be translated. Because antibody-treated cells released a higher proportion of virions with noncapped genomes and transient transfection to express the nsP1 DVG improved viral RNA capping in antibody-treated cells, we postulate that one mechanism by which antibody inhibits SINV replication in neurons is to suppress DVG synthesis and thus decrease production of infectious virions containing capped genomes. IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses are important causes of viral encephalomyelitis without approved treatments or vaccines. Antibody to the Sindbis virus (SINV) E2 glycoprotein is required for immune-mediated noncytolytic virus clearance from neurons. We used direct RNA nanopore sequencing to evaluate how anti-E2 antibody affects SINV replication at the RNA level. Antibody altered the viral RNAs produced by decreasing the proportion of subgenomic relative to genomic RNA and suppressing production of a previously unrecognized defective viral genome (DVG) encoding nsP1, the viral RNA capping enzyme. Antibody-treated neurons released a lower proportion of SINV particles with capped genomes necessary for translation and infection. Decreased nsP1 DVG production in antibody-treated neurons led to lower expression of nsP1 protein, decreased genome capping efficiency, and release of fewer infectious virus particles. Capping was increased with exogenous expression of the nsP1 DVG. These studies identify a novel alphavirus DVG function and new mechanism for antibody-mediated control of virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane X. Yeh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunfan Fan
- Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maggie L. Bartlett
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra A. Hauer
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
N-Linked Glycans Shape Skin Immune Responses during Arthritis and Myositis after Intradermal Infection with Ross River Virus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0099922. [PMID: 36000846 PMCID: PMC9472629 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00999-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are mosquito-borne arboviruses that include several re-emerging human pathogens, including the chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), Mayaro (MAYV), and o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) virus. Arboviruses are transmitted via a mosquito bite to the skin. Herein, we describe intradermal RRV infection in a mouse model that replicates the arthritis and myositis seen in humans with Ross River virus disease (RRVD). We show that skin infection with RRV results in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, which together with dendritic cells migrate to draining lymph nodes (LN) of the skin. Neutrophils and monocytes are productively infected and traffic virus from the skin to LN. We show that viral envelope N-linked glycosylation is a key determinant of skin immune responses and disease severity. RRV grown in mammalian cells elicited robust early antiviral responses in the skin, while RRV grown in mosquito cells stimulated poorer early antiviral responses. We used glycan mass spectrometry to characterize the glycan profile of mosquito and mammalian cell-derived RRV, showing deglycosylation of the RRV E2 glycoprotein is associated with curtailed skin immune responses and reduced disease following intradermal infection. Altogether, our findings demonstrate skin infection with an arthritogenic alphavirus leads to musculoskeletal disease and envelope glycoprotein glycosylation shapes disease outcome. IMPORTANCE Arthritogenic alphaviruses are transmitted via mosquito bites through the skin, potentially causing debilitating diseases. Our understanding of how viral infection starts in the skin and how virus systemically disseminates to cause disease remains limited. Intradermal arbovirus infection described herein results in musculoskeletal pathology, which is dependent on viral envelope N-linked glycosylation. As such, intradermal infection route provides new insights into how arboviruses cause disease and could be extended to future investigations of skin immune responses following infection with other re-emerging arboviruses.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sandenon Seteyen AL, Girard-Valenciennes E, Septembre-Malaterre A, Gasque P, Guiraud P, Sélambarom J. Anti-Alphaviral Alkaloids: Focus on Some Isoquinolines, Indoles and Quinolizidines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165080. [PMID: 36014321 PMCID: PMC9416297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and the development of safe and efficient therapeutics against arthritogenic alphaviruses (e.g., chikungunya virus) remain a continuous challenge. Alkaloids are structurally diverse and naturally occurring compounds in plants, with a wide range of biological activities including beneficial effects against prominent pathogenic viruses and inflammation. In this short review, we discuss the effects of some alkaloids of three biologically relevant structural classes (isoquinolines, indoles and quinolizidines). Based on various experimental models (viral infections and chronic diseases), we highlight the immunomodulatory effects of these alkaloids. The data established the capacity of these alkaloids to interfere in host antiviral and inflammatory responses through key components (antiviral interferon response, ROS production, inflammatory signaling pathways and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production) also involved in alphavirus infection and resulting inflammation. Thus, these data may provide a convincing perspective of research for the use of alkaloids as immunomodulators against arthritogenic alphavirus infection and induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Sandenon Seteyen
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Emmanuelle Girard-Valenciennes
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone Océan Indien (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone Océan Indien (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|