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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. Cellular and Molecular Immunity to Influenza Viruses and Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:389. [PMID: 38675771 PMCID: PMC11154265 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to influenza (flu) antigens reflect memory of prior infections or vaccinations, which might influence immunity to new flu antigens. Memory of past antigens has been termed "original antigenic sin" or, more recently, "immune imprinting" and "seniority". We have researched a comparison between the immune response to live flu infections and inactivated flu vaccinations. A brief history of antibody generation theories is presented, culminating in new findings about the immune-network theory and suggesting that a network of clones exists between anti-idiotypic antibodies and T cell receptors. Findings regarding the 2009 pandemic flu strain and immune responses to it are presented, including memory B cells and conserved regions within the hemagglutinin protein. The importance of CD4+ memory T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells responding to both infections and vaccinations are discussed and compared. Innate immune cells, like natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, are discussed regarding their roles in adaptive immune responses. Antigen presentation via macroautophagy processes is described. New vaccines in development are mentioned along with the results of some clinical trials. The manuscript concludes with how repeated vaccinations are impacting the immune system and a sketch of what might be behind the imprinting phenomenon, including future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - David A. Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
- Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Health Science, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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2
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Shi J, Shen A, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang X. 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 38140062 PMCID: PMC10748258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made from inactivated pathogens, typically achieved by using chemical or physical methods to destroy the virus's ability to replicate. This type of vaccine can induce the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, thus protecting the body from infection. In China, the manufacturing of inactivated vaccines has a long history and holds significant importance among all the vaccines available in the country. This type of vaccine is widely used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. China is dedicated to conducting research on new inactivated vaccines, actively promoting the large-scale production of inactivated vaccines, and continuously improving production technology and quality management. These efforts enable China to meet the domestic demand for inactivated vaccines and gain a certain competitive advantage in the international market. In the future, China will continue to devote itself to the research and production of inactivated vaccines, further enhancing the population's health levels and contributing to social development. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the 30-year evolution of inactivated virus vaccines in China, serving as a reference for the development and production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ailin Shen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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3
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Zhu H, Li X, Ren X, Chen H, Qian P. Improving cross-protection against influenza virus in mice using a nanoparticle vaccine of mini-HA. Vaccine 2022; 40:6352-6361. [PMID: 36175214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of mini-hemagglutinin (mini-HA) proteins expressed on lumazine synthase (LS) nanoparticles against influenza. Soluble mini-HA proteins were assembled with LS proteins via SpyTag/SpyCatcher in vitro. The size of mini-HA-LS nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the effect of mini-HA-LS nano-vaccines was explored in mice. The results indicate that the diameter of mini-HA-LS nanoparticles was approximately 60-80 nm. The nanoparticles could induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses and produce cross-clade protection against influenza in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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4
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Broad-Spectrum Activity of Small Molecules Acting against Influenza a Virus: Biological and Computational Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030301. [PMID: 35337099 PMCID: PMC8952214 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza still represents a problematic disease, involving millions of people every year and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths. Only a few drugs are clinically available. The search for an effective weapon is still ongoing. In this scenario, we recently identified new drug-like compounds with antiviral activity toward two A/H1N1 Influenza virus strains, which were demonstrated to interfere with the processes mediated by hemagglutinin (HA). In the present work, the compound’s ability to act against the A/H3N2 viral strain has been evaluated in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Two of the five tested compounds were also active toward the A/H3N2 Influenza virus. To validate the scaffold activity, analogue compounds of two broad-spectrum molecules were selected and purchased for HI testing on both A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 Influenza viruses. Forty-three compounds were tested, and four proved to be active toward all three viral strains. A computational study has been carried out to depict the HA binding process of the most interesting compounds.
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Li J, Zhang C, Cao J, Yang Y, Dong H, Cui Y, Yao X, Zhou H, Lu L, Lycett S, Wang X, Song H, Liu W, Gao GF, Shi W, Bi Y. Re-emergence of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild birds, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1819-1823. [PMID: 34392820 PMCID: PMC8451669 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1968317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In mid-November 2020, deaths of whooper swan were reported in the Yellow River Reservoir Area, China. In the present study, we describe the genetic characterizations and phylogenetic relationships of four clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 highly avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) identified from a sick whooper swan and environmental samples collected in the Yellow River Reservoir Area in late November 2020. They were closely related to recent H5Nx HPAIVs causing outbreaks in Eurasia in the 2020-2021 influenza season, suggesting these isolates might be imported into China via migratory birds. The newly identified H5N8 HPAIVs possessed Q226 and G228 (H3 numbering), indicating that they prefer to avian-like receptors. However, they had three mutations falling within known antigenic regions, including T144A in antigenic region A, T192I in antigenic region B, and N240D in antigenic region D. Our study highlights the risk of the rapid global spread of H5N8 HPAIVs and the necessity for continuous monitoring of avian influenza viruses in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Chunge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101409, China
| | - Yongchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiaodu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101409, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101409, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101409, China
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6
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Lopez CE, Legge KL. Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E434. [PMID: 32756443 PMCID: PMC7565301 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health threat and account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. Despite being an important countermeasure to combat influenza virus and being highly efficacious when matched to circulating influenza viruses, current preventative strategies of vaccination against influenza virus often provide incomplete protection due the continuous antigenic drift/shift of circulating strains of influenza virus. Prevention and control of influenza virus infection with vaccines is dependent on the host immune response induced by vaccination and the various vaccine platforms induce different components of the local and systemic immune response. This review focuses on the immune basis of current (inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV)) as well as novel vaccine platforms against influenza virus. Particular emphasis will be placed on how each platform induces cross-protection against heterologous influenza viruses, as well as how this immunity compares to and contrasts from the "gold standard" of immunity generated by natural influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin L. Legge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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7
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Li J, Gu M, Liu K, Gao R, Sun W, Liu D, Jiang K, Zhong L, Wang X, Hu J, Hu S, Liu X, Shi W, Ren H, Peng D, Jiao X, Liu X. Amino acid substitutions in antigenic region B of hemagglutinin play a critical role in the antigenic drift of subclade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic H5NX influenza viruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:263-275. [PMID: 31484213 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As one of the important control strategies for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in China, vaccination has been implemented compulsively in poultry flocks since 2004. However, the emergence and dominance of the circulating antigenic variants require the update of vaccines periodically. In order to investigate the key molecular sites responsible for the antigenic drift, a total of 13 amino acid positions divergent between clade 2.3.4 H5 viruses and their descendent subclade 2.3.4.4 variants in or around the recognized antigenic epitopes A-E were initially identified through inspecting a comprehensive HA sequence alignment of the H5 subtype HPAI viruses. Subsequently, a panel of single-site or multi-site HA mutants was constructed by reverse genetics with two H5N1 viruses of S (clade 2.3.4) and QD1 (subclade 2.3.4.4) as the HA backbone to study their antigenic variations, respectively. The hemagglutination-inhibition assay revealed an evident impact of mutations at sites 88, 156, 205, 208, 239 and 289 to the HA antigenicity and highlighted that the amino acid substitutions located in the antigenic region B, especially the combined mutations at sites 205 and 208, were the major antigenic determinant which was also consistent with results from flow cytometry and antigenic mapping. Our findings provided more insights into the molecular mechanism of antigenic drift of the H5 subtype HPAI virus, which would be helpful for the selection of vaccine candidates and accordingly for the prevention and control of this devastating viral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pushko P, Tretyakova I, Hidajat R, Sun X, Belser JA, Tumpey TM. Multi-clade H5N1 virus-like particles: Immunogenicity and protection against H5N1 virus and effects of beta-propiolactone. Vaccine 2018; 36:4346-4353. [PMID: 29885769 PMCID: PMC6070352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have diversified genetically and antigenically, suggesting the need for multiple H5N1 vaccines. However, preparation of multiple vaccines from live H5N1 HPAI viruses is difficult and economically not feasible representing a challenge for pandemic preparedness. Here we evaluated a novel multi-clade recombinant H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) design, in which H5 hemagglutinins (HA) and N1 neuraminidase (NA) derived from four distinct clades of H5N1 virus were co-localized within the VLP structure. The multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were prepared by using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and evaluated for functional hemagglutination and neuraminidase enzyme activities, particle size and morphology, as well as for the presence of baculovirus in the purified VLP preparations. To remove residual baculovirus, VLP preparations were treated with beta-propiolactone (BPL). Immunogenicity and efficacy of multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were determined in an experimental ferret H5N1 HPAI challenge model, to ascertain the effect of BPL on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against lethal challenge. Although treatment with BPL reduced immunogenicity of VLPs, all vaccinated ferrets were protected from lethal challenge with influenza A/VietNam/1203/2004 (H5N1) HPAI virus, indicating that multi-clade VLP preparations treated with BPL represent a potential approach for pandemic preparedness vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Latorre-Margalef N, Brown JD, Fojtik A, Poulson RL, Carter D, Franca M, Stallknecht DE. Competition between influenza A virus subtypes through heterosubtypic immunity modulates re-infection and antibody dynamics in the mallard duck. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28640898 PMCID: PMC5481145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our overall hypothesis is that host population immunity directed at multiple antigens will influence the prevalence, diversity and evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) in avian populations where the vast subtype diversity is maintained. To investigate how initial infection influences the outcome of later infections with homologous or heterologous IAV subtypes and how viruses interact through host immune responses, we carried out experimental infections in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Mallards were pre-challenged with an H3N8 low-pathogenic IAV and were divided into six groups. At five weeks post H3N8 inoculation, each group was challenged with a different IAV subtype (H4N5, H10N7, H6N2, H12N5) or the same H3N8. Two additional pre-challenged groups were inoculated with the homologous H3N8 virus at weeks 11 and 15 after pre-challenge to evaluate the duration of protection. The results showed that mallards were still resistant to re-infection after 15 weeks. There was a significant reduction in shedding for all pre-challenged groups compared to controls and the outcome of the heterologous challenges varied according to hemagglutinin (HA) phylogenetic relatedness between the viruses used. There was a boost in the H3 antibody titer after re-infection with H4N5, which is consistent with original antigenic sin or antigenic seniority and suggest a putative strategy of virus evasion. These results imply competition between related subtypes that could regulate IAV subtype population dynamics in nature. Collectively, we provide new insights into within-host IAV complex interactions as drivers of IAV antigenic diversity that could allow the circulation of multiple subtypes in wild ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Latorre-Margalef
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Justin D. Brown
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Pennsylvania State University, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alinde Fojtik
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deborah Carter
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monique Franca
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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10
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Wahid B, Ali A, Idrees M, Rafique S. Immunotherapeutic strategies for sexually transmitted viral infections: HIV, HSV and HPV. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:1-13. [PMID: 27514252 PMCID: PMC7124316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired each day globally. Etiotropic drugs cannot effectively control infectious diseases therefore, there is a dire need to explore alternative strategies especially those based on the regulation of immune system. The review discusses all rational approaches to develop better understanding towards immunotherapeutic strategies based on modulation of immune system in an attempt to curb the elevating risk of infectious diseases such as HIV, HPV and HSV because of their high prevalence. Development of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and several other immune based treatments are promising alternative strategies that are offering new opportunities to eradicate pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Vice Chancellor Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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11
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Cox F, Kwaks T, Brandenburg B, Koldijk MH, Klaren V, Smal B, Korse HJWM, Geelen E, Tettero L, Zuijdgeest D, Stoop EJM, Saeland E, Vogels R, Friesen RHE, Koudstaal W, Goudsmit J. HA Antibody-Mediated FcγRIIIa Activity Is Both Dependent on FcR Engagement and Interactions between HA and Sialic Acids. Front Immunol 2016; 7:399. [PMID: 27746785 PMCID: PMC5040702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions with receptors for the Fc region of IgG (FcγRs) have been shown to contribute to the in vivo protection against influenza A viruses provided by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that bind to the viral hemagglutinin (HA) stem. In particular, Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been shown to contribute to protection by stem-binding bnAbs. Fc-mediated effector functions appear not to contribute to protection provided by strain-specific HA head-binding antibodies. We used a panel of anti-stem and anti-head influenza A and B monoclonal antibodies with identical human IgG1 Fc domains and investigated their ability to mediate ADCC-associated FcγRIIIa activation. Antibodies which do not interfere with sialic acid binding of HA can mediate FcγRIIIa activation. However, the FcγRIIIa activation was inhibited when a mutant HA, unable to bind sialic acids, was used. Antibodies which block sialic acid receptor interactions of HA interfered with FcγRIIIa activation. The inhibition of FcγRIIIa activation by HA head-binding and sialic acid receptor-blocking antibodies was confirmed in plasma samples of H5N1 vaccinated human subjects. Together, these results suggest that in addition to Fc–FcγR binding, interactions between HA and sialic acids on immune cells are required for optimal Fc-mediated effector functions by anti-HA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Cox
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Ted Kwaks
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Boerries Brandenburg
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Martin H Koldijk
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Vincent Klaren
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Smal
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Hans J W M Korse
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Eric Geelen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Tettero
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - David Zuijdgeest
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Stoop
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Eirikur Saeland
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Ronald Vogels
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Robert H E Friesen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Wouter Koudstaal
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden , Netherlands
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12
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Kapczynski DR, Tumpey TM, Hidajat R, Zsak A, Chrzastek K, Tretyakova I, Pushko P. Vaccination with virus-like particles containing H5 antigens from three H5N1 clades protects chickens from H5N1 and H5N8 influenza viruses. Vaccine 2016; 34:1575-1581. [PMID: 26868083 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, especially H5N1 strains, represent a public health threat and cause widespread morbidity and mortality in domestic poultry. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a promising novel vaccine approach to control avian influenza including HPAI strains. Influenza VLPs contain viral hemagglutinin (HA), which can be expressed in cell culture within highly immunogenic VLPs that morphologically and antigenically resemble influenza virions, except VLPs are non-infectious. Here we describe a recombinant VLP containing HA proteins derived from three distinct clades of H5N1 viruses as an experimental, broadly protective H5 avian influenza vaccine. A baculovirus vector was configured to co-express the H5 genes from recent H5N1 HPAI isolates A/chicken/Germany/2014 (clade 2.3.4.4), A/chicken/West Java/Subang/29/2007 (clade 2.1.3) and A/chicken/Egypt/121/2012 (clade 2.2.1). Co-expression of these genes in Sf9 cells along with influenza neuraminidase (NA) and retrovirus gag genes resulted in production of triple-clade H555 VLPs that exhibited hemagglutination activity and morphologically resembled influenza virions. Vaccination of chickens with these VLPs resulted in induction of serum antibody responses and efficient protection against experimental challenges with three different viruses including the recent U.S. H5N8 HPAI isolate. We conclude that these novel triple-clade VLPs represent a feasible strategy for simultaneously evoking protective antibodies against multiple variants of H5 influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, USA.
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13
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High-dimensional immune profiling of total and rotavirus VP6-specific intestinal and circulating B cells by mass cytometry. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:68-82. [PMID: 25899688 PMCID: PMC4618273 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In-depth phenotyping of human intestinal antibody secreting cells (ASCs) and their precursors is important for developing improved mucosal vaccines. We used single-cell mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze 34 differentiation and trafficking markers on intestinal and circulating B cells. In addition, we labeled rotavirus (RV) double-layered particles with a metal isotope and characterized B cells specific to the RV VP6 major structural protein. We describe the heterogeneity of the intestinal B-cell compartment, dominated by ASCs with some phenotypic and transcriptional characteristics of long-lived plasma cells. Using principal component analysis, we visualized the phenotypic relationships between major B-cell subsets in the intestine and blood, and revealed that IgM(+) memory B cells (MBCs) and naive B cells were phenotypically related as were CD27(-) MBCs and switched MBCs. ASCs in the intestine and blood were highly clonally related, but associated with distinct trajectories of phenotypic development. VP6-specific B cells were present among diverse B-cell subsets in immune donors, including naive B cells, with phenotypes representative of the overall B-cell pool. These data provide a high dimensional view of intestinal B cells and the determinants regulating humoral memory to a ubiquitous, mucosal pathogen at steady-state.
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14
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Tretyakova I, Hidajat R, Hamilton G, Horn N, Nickols B, Prather RO, Tumpey TM, Pushko P. Preparation of quadri-subtype influenza virus-like particles using bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein. Virology 2016; 487:163-71. [PMID: 26529299 PMCID: PMC4679414 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza VLPs comprised of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M1) proteins have been previously used for immunological and virological studies. Here we demonstrated that influenza VLPs can be made in Sf9 cells by using the bovine immunodeficiency virus gag (Bgag) protein in place of M1. We showed that Bgag can be used to prepare VLPs for several influenza subtypes including H1N1 and H10N8. Furthermore, by using Bgag, we prepared quadri-subtype VLPs, which co-expressed within the VLP the four HA subtypes derived from avian-origin H5N1, H7N9, H9N2 and H10N8 viruses. VLPs showed hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities and reacted with specific antisera. The content and co-localization of each HA subtype within the quadri-subtype VLP were evaluated. Electron microscopy showed that Bgag-based VLPs resembled influenza virions with the diameter of 150-200nm. This is the first report of quadri-subtype design for influenza VLP and the use of Bgag for influenza VLP preparation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine/genetics
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Insecta
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Sf9 Cells
- Spodoptera
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Noah Horn
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian Nickols
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, USA.
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15
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Impagliazzo A, Milder F, Kuipers H, Wagner MV, Zhu X, Hoffman RMB, van Meersbergen R, Huizingh J, Wanningen P, Verspuij J, de Man M, Ding Z, Apetri A, Kükrer B, Sneekes-Vriese E, Tomkiewicz D, Laursen NS, Lee PS, Zakrzewska A, Dekking L, Tolboom J, Tettero L, van Meerten S, Yu W, Koudstaal W, Goudsmit J, Ward AB, Meijberg W, Wilson IA, Radošević K. A stable trimeric influenza hemagglutinin stem as a broadly protective immunogen. Science 2015; 349:1301-6. [PMID: 26303961 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stem revitalized hopes of developing a universal influenza vaccine. Using a rational design and library approach, we engineered stable HA stem antigens ("mini-HAs") based on an H1 subtype sequence. Our most advanced candidate exhibits structural and bnAb binding properties comparable to those of full-length HA, completely protects mice in lethal heterologous and heterosubtypic challenge models, and reduces fever after sublethal challenge in cynomolgus monkeys. Antibodies elicited by this mini-HA in mice and nonhuman primates bound a wide range of HAs, competed with human bnAbs for HA stem binding, neutralized H5N1 viruses, and mediated antibody-dependent effector activity. These results represent a proof of concept for the design of HA stem mimics that elicit bnAbs against influenza A group 1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Impagliazzo
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Fin Milder
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harmjan Kuipers
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michelle V Wagner
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan M B Hoffman
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruud van Meersbergen
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Huizingh
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Wanningen
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Verspuij
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martijn de Man
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zhaoqing Ding
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Adrian Apetri
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Başak Kükrer
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline Sneekes-Vriese
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Danuta Tomkiewicz
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nick S Laursen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter S Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna Zakrzewska
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Dekking
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Tettero
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sander van Meerten
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wouter Koudstaal
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wim Meijberg
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Katarina Radošević
- Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands
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16
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Optimization of influenza A vaccine virus by reverse genetic using chimeric HA and NA genes with an extended PR8 backbone. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26206270 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The yield of influenza antigen production may significantly vary between vaccine strains; for example the A/California/07/09 (H1N1)-X179A vaccine virus, prepared during 2009 influenza pandemic, presented a low antigen yield in eggs compared to other seasonal H1N1 reassortants. In this study a bi-chimeric virus expressing HA and NA genes with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) and X179A domains was rescued by reverse genetics using a mixture of Vero/CHOK1 cell lines (Medina et al. [7]). The bi-chimeric virus obtained demonstrated to yield much larger amounts of HA than X179A in eggs as measured by single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRID), the reference method to quantify HA protein in influenza vaccine. Such kind of optimized virus using PR8 backbone derived chimeric glycoproteins could be used as improved seed viruses for vaccine production.
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17
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Bispecific antibody generated with sortase and click chemistry has broad antiinfluenza virus activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16820-5. [PMID: 25385586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have therapeutic potential by expanding the functions of conventional antibodies. Many different formats of bispecific antibodies have meanwhile been developed. Most are genetic modifications of the antibody backbone to facilitate incorporation of two different variable domains into a single molecule. Here, we present a bispecific format where we have fused two full-sized IgG antibodies via their C termini using sortase transpeptidation and click chemistry to create a covalently linked IgG antibody heterodimer. By linking two potent anti-influenza A antibodies together, we have generated a full antibody dimer with bispecific activity that retains the activity and stability of the two fusion partners.
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18
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Hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection. J Infect 2014; 70:187-96. [PMID: 25224643 PMCID: PMC4309889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies correlate with influenza vaccine protection but their association with protection induced by natural infection has received less attention and was studied here. Methods 940 people from 270 unvaccinated households participated in active ILI surveillance spanning 3 influenza seasons. At least 494 provided paired blood samples spanning each season. Influenza infection was confirmed by RT-PCR on nose/throat swabs or serum HI assay conversion. Results Pre-season homologous HI titer was associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection for H3N2 (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.44–0.84) and B (0.65, 95%CI 0.54–0.80) strains, but not H1N1 strains, whether re-circulated (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.71–1.15), new seasonal (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.54–1.36) or pandemic H1N1-2009 (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.40–1.49). The risk of seasonal and pandemic H1N1 decreased with increasing age (both p < 0.0001), and the risk of pandemic H1N1 decreased with prior seasonal H1N1 (OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.08–0.62) without inducing measurable A/California/04/2009-like titers. Conclusions While H1N1 immunity was apparent with increasing age and prior infection, the effect of pre-season HI titer was at best small, and weak for H1N1 compared to H3N2 and B. Antibodies targeting non-HI epitopes may have been more important mediators of infection-neutralizing immunity for H1N1 compared to other subtypes in this setting. The determinants of influenza immunity were examined in an unvaccinated cohort. The risk of H3N2 and B infection decreased with increasing pre-season HI titer. Pre-season HI titer had less effect on H1N1 infection. H1N1 immunity increased with age and seasonal H1N1 induced pandemic H1N1 immunity. The contribution of non-HI antibodies to immunity may be relatively high for H1N1.
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19
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Rinaldi C, Penhale WJ, Stumbles PA, Tay G, Berry CM. Modulation of innate immune responses by influenza-specific ovine polyclonal antibodies used for prophylaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89674. [PMID: 24586955 PMCID: PMC3938480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the event of a novel influenza A virus pandemic, prophylaxis mediated by antibodies provides an adjunct control option to vaccines and antivirals. This strategy is particularly pertinent to unvaccinated populations at risk during the lag time to produce and distribute an effective vaccine. Therefore, development of effective prophylactic therapies is of high importance. Although previous approaches have used systemic delivery of monoclonal antibodies or convalescent sera, available supply is a serious limitation. Here, we have investigated intranasal delivery of influenza-specific ovine polyclonal IgG antibodies for their efficacy against homologous influenza virus challenge in a mouse model. Both influenza-specific IgG and F(ab')2 reduced clinical scores, body weight loss and lung viral loads in mice treated 1 hour before virus exposure. Full protection from disease was also observed when antibody was delivered up to 3 days prior to virus infection. Furthermore, effective prophylaxis was independent of a strong innate immune response. This strategy presents a further option for prophylactic intervention against influenza A virus using ruminants to generate a bulk supply that could potentially be used in a pandemic setting, to slow virus transmission and reduce morbidity associated with a high cytokine phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rinaldi
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - William J. Penhale
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip A. Stumbles
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guan Tay
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cassandra M. Berry
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Parameswaran P, Liu Y, Roskin KM, Jackson KKL, Dixit VP, Lee JY, Artiles KL, Zompi S, Vargas MJ, Simen BB, Hanczaruk B, McGowan KR, Tariq MA, Pourmand N, Koller D, Balmaseda A, Boyd SD, Harris E, Fire AZ. Convergent antibody signatures in human dengue. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:691-700. [PMID: 23768493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, and the lack of early prognostics, vaccines, and therapeutics contributes to immense disease burden. To identify patterns that could be used for sequence-based monitoring of the antibody response to dengue, we examined antibody heavy-chain gene rearrangements in longitudinal peripheral blood samples from 60 dengue patients. Comparing signatures between acute dengue, postrecovery, and healthy samples, we found increased expansion of B cell clones in acute dengue patients, with higher overall clonality in secondary infection. Additionally, we observed consistent antibody sequence features in acute dengue in the highly variable major antigen-binding determinant, complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), with specific CDR3 sequences highly enriched in acute samples compared to postrecovery, healthy, or non-dengue samples. Dengue thus provides a striking example of a human viral infection where convergent immune signatures can be identified in multiple individuals. Such signatures could facilitate surveillance of immunological memory in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Parameswaran
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
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21
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Lees WD, Moss DS, Shepherd AJ. Evolution in the influenza A H3 stalk - a challenge for broad-spectrum vaccines? J Gen Virol 2013; 95:317-324. [PMID: 24187015 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.059410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a number of broad-spectrum human antibodies binding to the stalk region of influenza A haemagglutinin (HA) have been isolated. As this region tends to develop substitutions at a slower rate than other regions of HA, a vaccine eliciting such antibodies could have a longer effective life. But this begs a question: is the stalk resistant to change even in the face of evolutionary pressure? In this paper, we analysed the known epitopes in the H3 stalk and, utilizing a collection of 3440 sequences, present a novel approach for detecting putative B-cell epitopes in regions such as this, in which mutations occur infrequently. We concluded that there have been periods of activity in the stalk that are consistent with the evolution of antigenic escape. This work casts light on the presence of stalk-binding antibodies in the population as a whole and, through the analysis of antigenically active regions in the stalk, may contribute to the identification of epitopes that are refractive to change and hence useful for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Lees
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
| | - David S Moss
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
| | - Adrian J Shepherd
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
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22
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Yusuf M, Konc J, Sy Bing C, Trykowska Konc J, Ahmad Khairudin NB, Janezic D, Wahab HA. Structurally conserved binding sites of hemagglutinin as targets for influenza drug and vaccine development. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2423-36. [PMID: 23980878 DOI: 10.1021/ci400421e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ProBiS is a new method to identify the binding site of protein through local structural alignment against the nonredundant Protein Data Bank (PDB), which may result in unique findings compared to the energy-based, geometry-based, and sequence-based predictors. In this work, binding sites of Hemagglutinin (HA), which is an important target for drugs and vaccines in influenza treatment, have been revisited by ProBiS. For the first time, the identification of conserved binding sites by local structural alignment across all subtypes and strains of HA available in PDB is presented. ProBiS finds three distinctive conserved sites on HA's structure (named Site 1, Site 2, and Site 3). Compared to other predictors, ProBiS is the only one that accurately defines the receptor binding site (Site 1). Apart from that, Site 2, which is located slightly above the TBHQ binding site, is proposed as a potential novel conserved target for membrane fusion inhibitor. Lastly, Site 3, located around Helix A at the stem domain and recently targeted by cross-reactive antibodies, is predicted to be conserved in the latest H7N9 China 2013 strain as well. The further exploration of these three sites provides valuable insight in optimizing the influenza drug and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yusuf
- Pharmaceutical Design and Simulation (PhDS) Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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23
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The antigenic architecture of the hemagglutinin of influenza H5N1 viruses. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:705-19. [PMID: 23933511 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with the highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. H5N1 continues to transmit from poultry to the human population, raising serious concerns about its pandemic potential. Current influenza H5N1 vaccines are based upon the elicitation of a neutralizing antibody (Ab) response against the major epitope regions of the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA). However, antigenic drift mutations in immune-dominant regions on the HA structure allow the virus to escape Ab neutralization. Epitope mapping using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) helps define mechanisms of antigenic drift, neutralizing escape and can facilitate pre-pandemic vaccine design. This review explores the current knowledge base of the antigenic sites of the H5N1 HA molecule. The relationship between the epitope architecture of the H5N1 HA, antigenic evolution of the different H5N1 lineages and the antigenic complexity of the H5N1 virus lineages that constitute potential pandemic strains are discussed in detail.
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24
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Tretyakova I, Pearce MB, Florese R, Tumpey TM, Pushko P. Intranasal vaccination with H5, H7 and H9 hemagglutinins co-localized in a virus-like particle protects ferrets from multiple avian influenza viruses. Virology 2013; 442:67-73. [PMID: 23618102 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 viruses top the World Health Organization's (WHO) list of subtypes with the greatest pandemic potential. Here we describe a recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) that co-localizes hemagglutinin (HA) proteins derived from H5N1, H7N2, and H9N2 viruses as an experimental vaccine against these viruses. A baculovirus vector was configured to co-express the H5, H7, and H9 genes from A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 (H5N1), A/New York/107/2003 (H7N2) and A/Hong Kong/33982/2009 (H9N2) viruses, respectively, as well as neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M1) genes from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) virus. Co-expression of these genes in Sf9 cells resulted in production of triple-subtype VLPs containing HA molecules derived from the three influenza viruses. The triple-subtype VLPs exhibited hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities and morphologically resembled influenza virions. Intranasal vaccination of ferrets with the VLPs resulted in induction of serum antibody responses and efficient protection against experimental challenges with H5N1, H7N2, and H9N2 viruses.
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25
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Recombinant equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) vaccine protects pigs against challenge with influenza A(H1N1)pmd09. Virus Res 2013; 173:371-6. [PMID: 23333290 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a threat to human health. The pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus likely originated in swine through reassortment between a North American triple reassortant and Eurasian avian-like SIV. The North American triple reassortant virus harbors genes from avian, human and swine influenza viruses. An effective vaccine may protect the pork industry from economic losses and curb the development of new virus variants that may threaten public health. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine (rH_H1) expressing the hemagglutinin H1 of A(H1N1)pdm09 in the natural host. Our data shows that the engineered rH_H1 vaccine induces influenza virus-specific antibody responses in pigs and is able to protect at least partially against challenge infection: no clinical signs of disease were detected and virus replication was reduced as evidenced by decreased nasal virus shedding and faster virus clearance. Taken together, our results indicate that recombinant EHV-1 encoding H1 of A(H1N1)pdm09 may be a promising alternative for protection of pigs against infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 or other influenza viruses.
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26
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Rockman S, Camuglia S, Vandenberg K, Ong C, Baker MA, Nation RL, Li J, Velkov T. Reverse engineering the antigenic architecture of the haemagglutinin from influenza H5N1 clade 1 and 2.2 viruses with fine epitope mapping using monoclonal antibodies. Mol Immunol 2012; 53:435-42. [PMID: 23127859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The induction of neutralising antibodies to the viral surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA) is considered the cornerstone of current seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. Mapping of neutralising epitopes using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) helps define mechanisms of antigenic drift, neutralising escape and facilitates pre-pandemic vaccine design. In the present study we reverse engineered the antigenic structure of the HAs of two highly pathogenic H5N1 vaccine strains representative of currently circulating clade 1 and 2.2 H5N1 viruses. The HA sequence of the A/Vietnam/1194/04 clade 1 virus was progressively mutated into the HA sequence of the clade 2.2 virus, A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/1A/05. Fine mapping of clade-specific neutralising epitopes was performed by examining the cross-reactivity of mAbs raised against the native HA of each parent virus. The reactivity across all clade specific mAbs centred around a constellation of mutations at positions 140, 145, 171 and 172, all of which are proximal to the receptor binding site on the membrane distal globular head of the HA. Overlapping cross-reactivity of these antigenic sites suggests that these amino acid positions relate to the antigenic evolution of the H5 clade 1 and 2.2 viruses. This finding may prove useful for the design of vaccines with broader neutralising cross-reactivity against the different H5 HA sublineages currently in circulation. These findings provide important information about the amino acid changes involved in the cross-clade evolution of H5N1 viruses and their potential for human to human transmission; and facilitates a greater understanding of the pandemic potential of H5N1 isolates.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Birds/immunology
- Birds/virology
- Cross Reactions
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Genetic Engineering
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Neutralization Tests
- Reverse Genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Rockman
- CSL Limited Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Staneková Z, Adkins I, Kosová M, Janulíková J, Sebo P, Varečková E. Heterosubtypic protection against influenza A induced by adenylate cyclase toxoids delivering conserved HA2 subunit of hemagglutinin. Antiviral Res 2012; 97:24-35. [PMID: 23036818 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of currently available influenza vaccines is restricted to vaccine strains and their close antigenic variants. A new strategy to obtain cross-protection against influenza is based on conserved antigens of influenza A viruses (IAV), which are able to elicit a protective immune response. Here we describe a vaccination approach involving the conserved stem part of hemagglutinin, the HA2 subunit, shared by different HA subtypes of IAV. To increase its immunogenicity, a novel strategy of antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs) has been used. The HA2 segment (residues 23-185) was inserted into a genetically detoxified adenylate cyclase toxoid (CyaA-E5) which specifically targets and penetrates CD11b-expressing dendritic cells. The CyaA-E5-HA2 toxoid induced HA2(93-102), HA2(96-104) and HA2(170-178)-specific and Th1 polarized T-cell responses, and also elicited strong broadly cross-reactive HA2-specific antibody response. BALB/c mice immunized with three doses of purified CyaA-E5-HA2 without any adjuvant recovered from influenza infection 2days earlier than the control mock-immunized mice. More importantly, immunized mice were protected against a lethal challenge with 2LD(50) dose of a homologous virus (H3 subtype), as well as against the infection with a heterologous (H7 subtype) influenza A virus. This is the first report on heterosubtypic protection against influenza A infection mediated by an HA2-based vaccine that can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses without the need of adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Staneková
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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28
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Dreyfus C, Laursen NS, Kwaks T, Zuijdgeest D, Khayat R, Ekiert DC, Lee JH, Metlagel Z, Bujny MV, Jongeneelen M, van der Vlugt R, Lamrani M, Korse HJWM, Geelen E, Sahin Ö, Sieuwerts M, Brakenhoff JPJ, Vogels R, Li OTW, Poon LLM, Peiris M, Koudstaal W, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Goudsmit J, Friesen RHE. Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses. Science 2012; 337:1343-8. [PMID: 22878502 DOI: 10.1126/science.1222908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses has raised hopes for the development of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy and "universal" vaccines for influenza. However, a substantial part of the annual flu burden is caused by two cocirculating, antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses. Here, we report human monoclonal antibodies, CR8033, CR8071, and CR9114, that protect mice against lethal challenge from both lineages. Antibodies CR8033 and CR8071 recognize distinct conserved epitopes in the head region of the influenza B hemagglutinin (HA), whereas CR9114 binds a conserved epitope in the HA stem and protects against lethal challenge with influenza A and B viruses. These antibodies may inform on development of monoclonal antibody-based treatments and a universal flu vaccine for all influenza A and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Dreyfus
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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29
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Ye J, Shao H, Perez DR. Passive immune neutralization strategies for prevention and control of influenza A infections. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:175-86. [PMID: 22339460 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vaccination significantly reduces influenza severity, seasonal human influenza epidemics still cause more than 250,000 deaths annually. Vaccine efficacy is limited in high-risk populations such as infants, the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. In the event of an influenza pandemic (such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic), a significant delay in vaccine availability represents a significant public health concern, particularly in high-risk groups. The increasing emergence of strains resistant to the two major anti-influenza drugs, adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors, and the continuous circulation of avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential in poultry, strongly calls for alternative prophylactic and treatment options. In this review, we focus on passive virus neutralization strategies for the prevention and control of influenza type A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Ye
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park & Virginia - Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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30
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Ter Meulen J. Monoclonal antibodies in infectious diseases: clinical pipeline in 2011. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2012; 25:789-802. [PMID: 22054756 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Of the more than 20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated to combat infectious diseases (ID) that are in clinical development in 2011, most are in phase 1 or 2 and are directed against either viruses or bacterial toxins. Several high-profile anti-ID mAbs have recently failed in clinical trials. Despite the advancement in recombinant engineering technologies, anti-ID mAbs have yet to deliver on their promise as "magic bullets," especially against nosocomial infections. A paradigm shift in favor of developing mAb combinations, which act synergistically with each other or with small molecule drugs, may be required to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ter Meulen
- Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathies encompass a group of disorders characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia associated with hyaline thrombi (comprised primarily of platelet aggregates in the microcirculation), and varying degrees of end-organ failure. Many primary (genetic) and secondary etiological predisposing factors have been described-namely pregnancy, autoimmune disorders, cancer, drugs and antineoplastic therapy, bone marrow transplantation/solid organ transplantation, and infections. In the setting of infectious diseases, the association with Shiga or Shiga-like exotoxin of Escherichia coli 0157:h7 or Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced typical hemolytic uremic syndrome is well known. Recently however, an increasing body of evidence suggests that viruses may also play an important role as trigger factors in the pathogenesis of thrombotic microangiopathies. This is a comprehensive review focusing on the current understanding of viral associated/induced endothelial stimulation and damage that ultimately leads to the development of this life-threatening multisystemic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lopes da Silva
- Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Center, Alameda Capuchos, Lisboa, Portugal.
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32
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Naive antibody gene-segment frequencies are heritable and unaltered by chronic lymphocyte ablation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20066-71. [PMID: 22123975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107498108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse antibody repertoire is essential for an effective adaptive immune response to novel molecular surfaces. Although past studies have observed common patterns of V-segment use, as well as variation in V-segment use between individuals, the relative contributions to variance from genetics, disease, age, and environment have remained unclear. Using high-throughput sequence analysis of monozygotic twins, we show that variation in naive V(H) and D(H) segment use is strongly determined by an individual's germ-line genetic background. The inherited segment-use profiles are resilient to differential environmental exposure, disease processes, and chronic lymphocyte depletion therapy. Signatures of the inherited profiles were observed in class switched germ-line use of each individual. However, despite heritable segment use, the rearranged complementarity-determining region-H3 repertoires remained highly specific to the individual. As it has been previously demonstrated that certain V-segments exhibit biased representation in autoimmunity, lymphoma, and viral infection, we anticipate our findings may provide a unique mechanism for stratifying individual risk profiles in specific diseases.
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33
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Mancini N, Solforosi L, Clementi N, De Marco D, Clementi M, Burioni R. A potential role for monoclonal antibodies in prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of influenza. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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O'Hagan DT, Rappuoli R, De Gregorio E, Tsai T, Del Giudice G. MF59 adjuvant: the best insurance against influenza strain diversity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10:447-62. [PMID: 21506643 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MF59 is a well-established, safe and potent vaccine adjuvant that has been licensed for more than 13 years for use in an influenza vaccine focused on elderly subjects (Fluad®), Novartis, Cambridge, MA, USA). Recently, MF59 was shown to be safe in a seasonal influenza vaccine for young children and was able to increase vaccine efficacy from 43 to 89%. A key and consistent feature of MF59 is the ability of the emulsion to induce fast priming of influenza antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, to induce strong and long-lasting memory T- and B-cell responses and to broaden the immune response beyond the influenza strains actually included in the vaccine. The enhanced breadth of response is valuable in the seasonal setting, but is particularly valuable in a (pre-) pandemic setting, when it is difficult to predict which strain will emerge to cause the pandemic. We have shown that the ability of MF59 to increase the breadth of immune response against influenza vaccines is mainly due to the spreading of the repertoire of the B-cell epitopes recognized on the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the influenza virus.
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35
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Dormitzer PR, Galli G, Castellino F, Golding H, Khurana S, Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R. Influenza vaccine immunology. Immunol Rev 2011; 239:167-77. [PMID: 21198671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studying the spread of influenza in human populations and protection by influenza vaccines provides important insights into immunity against influenza. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic has taught the most recent lessons. Neutralizing and receptor-blocking antibodies against hemagglutinin are the primary means of protection from the spread of pandemic and seasonal strains. Anti-neuraminidase antibodies seem to play a secondary role. More broadly cross-reactive forms of immunity may lessen disease severity but are insufficient to prevent epidemic spread. Priming by prior exposure to related influenza strains through infection or immunization permits rapid, potent antibody responses to immunization. Priming is of greater importance to the design of immunization strategies than the immunologically fascinating phenomenon of dominant recall responses to previously encountered strains (original antigenic sin). Comparisons between non-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines demonstrate that both can protect, with some advantage of live attenuated vaccines in children and some advantage of inactivated vaccines in those with multiple prior exposures to influenza antigens. The addition of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants to inactivated vaccines provides enhanced functional antibody titers, greater breadth of antibody cross-reactivity, and antigen dose sparing. The MF59 adjuvant broadens the distribution of B-cell epitopes recognized on HA and NA following immunization.
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36
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Ekiert DC, Friesen RHE, Bhabha G, Kwaks T, Jongeneelen M, Yu W, Ophorst C, Cox F, Korse HJWM, Brandenburg B, Vogels R, Brakenhoff JPJ, Kompier R, Koldijk MH, Cornelissen LAHM, Poon LLM, Peiris M, Koudstaal W, Wilson IA, Goudsmit J. A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses. Science 2011; 333:843-50. [PMID: 21737702 DOI: 10.1126/science.1204839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current flu vaccines provide only limited coverage against seasonal strains of influenza viruses. The identification of V(H)1-69 antibodies that broadly neutralize almost all influenza A group 1 viruses constituted a breakthrough in the influenza field. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody CR8020 with broad neutralizing activity against most group 2 viruses, including H3N2 and H7N7, which cause severe human infection. The crystal structure of Fab CR8020 with the 1968 pandemic H3 hemagglutinin (HA) reveals a highly conserved epitope in the HA stalk distinct from the epitope recognized by the V(H)1-69 group 1 antibodies. Thus, a cocktail of two antibodies may be sufficient to neutralize most influenza A subtypes and, hence, enable development of a universal flu vaccine and broad-spectrum antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian C Ekiert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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37
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Akiyama R, Komori I, Hiramoto R, Isonishi A, Matsumoto M, Fujimura Y. H1N1 influenza (swine flu)-associated thrombotic microangiopathy with a markedly high plasma ratio of von Willebrand factor to ADAMTS13. Intern Med 2011; 50:643-7. [PMID: 21422695 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an 18-year-old woman infected with H1N1 influenza followed by thrombotic microangiopathy. During the acute phase, her plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) were remarkably elevated, whereas those of ADAMTS13 were reduced without its inhibitors, generating a markedly high ratio of VWF to ADAMTS13 in circulation. A retrospective analysis established the following hypothesis: an influenza-mediated cytokine storm induced an enhanced release of unusually large VWF multimers (UL-VWFM) from vascular endothelial cells, generating platelet thrombi in microcirculatures under high shear stress. Plasma exchange removed UL-VWFM and cytokines, and rescued her life. This report sheds a light on a hitherto unrecognized influenza complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Akiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsudo City Hospital Children's Medical Centre, Japan
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38
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Staneková Z, Varečková E. Conserved epitopes of influenza A virus inducing protective immunity and their prospects for universal vaccine development. Virol J 2010; 7:351. [PMID: 21118546 PMCID: PMC3009981 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses belong to the best studied viruses, however no effective prevention against influenza infection has been developed. The emerging of still new escape variants of influenza A viruses causing epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics represents a threat for human population. Therefore, current, hot task of influenza virus research is to look for a way how to get us closer to a universal vaccine. Combination of chosen conserved antigens inducing cross-protective antibody response with epitopes activating also cross-protective cytotoxic T-cells would offer an attractive strategy for improving protection against drift variants of seasonal influenza viruses and reduces the impact of future pandemic strains. Antigenically conserved fusion-active subunit of hemagglutinin (HA2 gp) and ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (eM2) are promising candidates for preparation of broadly protective HA2- or eM2-based vaccine that may aid in pandemic preparedness. Overall protective effect could be achieved by contribution of epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that have been studied extensively to reach much broader control of influenza infection. In this review we present the state-of-art in this field. We describe known adaptive immune mechanisms mediated by influenza specific B- and T-cells involved in the anti-influenza immune defense together with the contribution of innate immunity. We discuss the mechanisms of neutralization of influenza infection mediated by antibodies, the role of CTL in viral elimination and new approaches to develop epitope based vaccine inducing cross-protective influenza virus-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Staneková
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Duvvuri VRSK, Moghadas SM, Guo H, Duvvuri B, Heffernan JM, Fisman DN, Wu GE, Wu J. Highly conserved cross-reactive CD4+ T-cell HA-epitopes of seasonal and the 2009 pandemic influenza viruses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2010; 4:249-58. [PMID: 20716156 PMCID: PMC4634651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Duvvuri et al. (2010) Highly conserved cross‐reactive CD4+ T‐cell HA‐epitopes of seasonal and the 2009 pandemic influenza viruses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(5), 249–258. Background The relatively mild nature of the 2009 influenza pandemic (nH1N1) highlights the overriding importance of pre‐existing immune memory. The absence of cross‐reactive antibodies to nH1N1 in most individuals suggests that such attenuation may be attributed to pre‐existing cellular immune responses to epitopes shared between nH1N1 virus and previously circulating strains of inter‐pandemic influenza A viruses. Results We sought to identify potential CD4+ T cell epitopes and predict the level of cross‐reactivity of responding T cells. By performing large‐scale major histocompatibility complex II analyses on Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins, we investigated the degree of T‐cell cross‐reactivity between seasonal influenza A (sH1N1, H3N2) from 1968 to 2009 and nH1N1 strains. Each epitope was examined against all the protein sequences that correspond to sH1N1, H3N2, and nH1N1. T‐cell cross‐reactivity was estimated to be 52%, and maximum conservancy was found between sH1N1 and nH1N1 with a significant correlation (P < 0·05). Conclusions Given the importance of cellular responses in kinetics of influenza infection in humans, our findings underscore the role of T‐cell assays for understanding the inter‐pandemic variability in severity and for planning treatment methods for emerging influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R S K Duvvuri
- MITACS Centre for Disease Modeling, York Institute of Health Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Neutralizing epitopes of influenza virus hemagglutinin: target for the development of a universal vaccine against H5N1 lineages. J Virol 2010; 84:11822-30. [PMID: 20844051 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00891-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of influenza virus to randomly mutate and evolve into new types with diverse antigenic determinants is an important challenge in the control of influenza infection. Particularly, variations within the amino acid sequences of major neutralizing epitopes of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) hindered the development of universal vaccines against H5N1 lineages. Based on distribution analyses of the identified major neutralizing epitopes of hemagglutinin, we selected three vaccine strains that cover the entire variants in the neutralizing epitopes among the H5N1 lineages. HA proteins of selected vaccine strains were expressed on the baculovirus surface (BacHA), and the preclinical efficacy of the vaccine formulations was evaluated in a mouse model. The combination of three selected vaccine strains could effectively neutralize viruses from clades 1, 2.1, 2.2, 4, 7, and 8 of influenza H5N1 viruses. In contrast, a vaccine formulation containing only adjuvanted monovalent BacHA (mono-BacHA) or a single strain of inactivated whole viral vaccine was able to neutralize only clade 1 (homologous), clade 2.1, and clade 8.0 viruses. Also, the trivalent BacHA vaccine was able to protect 100% of the mice against challenge with three different clades (clade 1.0, clade 2.1, and clade 7.0) of H5N1 strains compared to mono-BacHA or inactivated whole viral vaccine. The present findings provide a rationale for the development of a universal vaccine against H5N1 lineages. Furthermore, baculoviruses displaying HA will serve as an ideal choice for a vaccine in prepandemic or pandemic situations and expedite vaccine technology without the requirement of high-level-biocontainment facilities or tedious protein purification processes.
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Targets for the induction of protective immunity against influenza a viruses. Viruses 2010; 2:166-188. [PMID: 21994606 PMCID: PMC3185556 DOI: 10.3390/v2010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by the new influenza A(H1N1) virus of swine origin and the current pandemic threat caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype have renewed the interest in the development of vaccines that can induce broad protective immunity. Preferably, vaccines not only provide protection against the homologous strains, but also against heterologous strains, even of another subtype. Here we describe viral targets and the arms of the immune response involved in protection against influenza virus infections such as antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and the M2 protein and cellular immune responses directed against the internal viral proteins.
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Kosugi N, Tsurutani Y, Isonishi A, Hori Y, Matsumoto M, Fujimura Y. Influenza A infection triggers thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura by producing the anti-ADAMTS13 IgG inhibitor. Intern Med 2010; 49:689-93. [PMID: 20371960 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old Japanese woman infected with influenza A developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) 2 days after having a fever. Routine laboratory tests on admission suggested a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, ADAMTS13 assays showed an extremely low level of plasma ADAMTS13 activity with a high titer of anti-ADAMTS13 inhibitor (IgG). Despite high-dose methylprednisolone therapy with daily plasma exchange for 3 consecutive days, the patient died of pulmonary congestion complicated by cardiac failure. Our experience here provides the first evidence that influenza A infection is sufficient to trigger TTP by producing the anti-ADAMTS13 IgG inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Kosugi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu
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Garcia JM, Pepin S, Lagarde N, Ma ESK, Vogel FR, Chan KH, Chiu SSS, Peiris JSM. Heterosubtype neutralizing responses to influenza A (H5N1) viruses are mediated by antibodies to virus haemagglutinin. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7918. [PMID: 19936250 PMCID: PMC2775912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is increasingly clear that influenza A infection induces cross-subtype neutralizing antibodies that may potentially confer protection against zoonotic infections. It is unclear whether this is mediated by antibodies to the neuraminidase (NA) or haemagglutinin (HA). We use pseudoviral particles (H5pp) coated with H5 haemagglutinin but not N1 neuraminidase to address this question. In this study, we investigate whether cross-neutralizing antibodies in persons unexposed to H5N1 is reactive to the H5 haemagglutinin. Methodology/Principal Findings We measured H5-neutralization antibody titers pre- and post-vaccination using the H5N1 micro-neutralization test (MN) and H5pp tests in subjects given seasonal vaccines and in selected sera from European elderly volunteers in a H5N1 vaccine trial who had detectable pre-vaccination H5N1 MN antibody titers. We found detectable (titer ≥20) H5N1 neutralizing antibodies in a minority of pre-seasonal vaccine sera and evidence of a serological response to H5N1 in others after seasonal influenza vaccination. There was excellent correlation in the antibody titers between the H5N1 MN and H5pp tests. Similar correlations were found between MN and H5pp in the pre-vaccine sera from the cohort of H5N1 vaccine trial recipients. Conclusions/Significance Heterosubtype neutralizing antibody to H5N1 in healthy volunteers unexposed to H5N1 is mediated by cross-reaction to the H5 haemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Garcia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (J-MG); (JSMP)
| | | | - Nadège Lagarde
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Edward S. K. Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Kwok H. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Susan S. S. Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (J-MG); (JSMP)
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Chen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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