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Kim C, Tsai TH, Lopez R, McCullough A, Kasumov T. Obeticholic acid's effect on HDL function in MASH varies by diabetic status. Lipids 2024. [PMID: 39014264 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the key factors in the pathogenesis of both metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and atherosclerosis. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, improves hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in patients with MASH. However, it also reduces HDL cholesterol, suggesting that OCA may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with MASH. We assessed HDL cholesterol efflux function, antioxidant (paraoxonase and ceruloplasmin activity), pro-inflammatory index, and particle sizes in a small group of patients with and without diabetes (n = 10/group) at baseline and after 18 months of OCA treatment. Patients on lipid-lowering medications (statins, fibrates) were excluded. At baseline, ferritin levels were higher in patients with MASH without diabetes (336.5 [157.0, 451.0] vs. 83 [36.0, 151.0] ng/mL, p < 0.005). Markers of HDL functions were similar in both groups. OCA therapy significantly improved liver histology and liver enzymes but increased alkaline phosphatase levels in nondiabetic patients with MASH (p < 0.05). However, it did not have any significant effect on cholesterol efflux and the antioxidant paraoxonase functions. In nondiabetics, ceruloplasmin (CP) antioxidant activity decreased (p < 0.005) and the pro-inflammatory index of HDL increased (p < 0.005) due to OCA therapy. In contrast, in diabetics, OCA increased levels of pre-β-HDL-the HDL particles enhanced protective capacity (p = 0.005) with no alteration in HDL functionality. In all patients, serum glucose levels were negatively correlated with OCA-induced change in pro-inflammatory function in HDL (p < 0.001), which was primarily due to diabetes (p = 0.05). These preliminary results suggest a distinct effect of OCA therapy on diabetic and nondiabetic patients with MASH and warrant a future large-scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunki Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Tsung-Heng Tsai
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arthur McCullough
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Lui DTW, Tan KCB. High-density lipoprotein in diabetes: Structural and functional relevance. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:805-816. [PMID: 38416054 PMCID: PMC11215696 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. However, recent studies have suggested a more U-shaped association between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that the cardioprotective effect of HDL is related to the functions of HDL particles rather than their cholesterol content. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous and have multiple functions relevant to cardiometabolic conditions including cholesterol efflux capacity, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties. There are quantitative and qualitative changes in HDL as well as functional abnormalities in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation, carbamylation, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation can modify the HDL composition and therefore the functions, especially in situations of poor glycemic control. Studies of HDL proteomics and lipidomics have provided further insights into the structure-function relationship of HDL in diabetes. Interestingly, HDL also has a pleiotropic anti-diabetic effect, improving glycemic control through improvement in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Given the important role of HDL in cardiometabolic health, HDL-based therapeutics are being developed to enhance HDL functions rather than to increase HDL-C levels. Among these, recombinant HDL and small synthetic apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides may hold promise for preventing and treating diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tak Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Ghaemi F, Rabizadeh S, Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Asadigandomani H, Bafrani MA, Reyhan SK, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. ApoA1/HDL-C ratio as a predictor for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 38914982 PMCID: PMC11194875 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the possible relationship between the Apo lipoprotein A1 /high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ApoA1/HDL-C) ratio and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This was a matched case-control study of 482 patients with T2D in two groups of CAD and (n = 241) non-CAD (n = 241). The patients were classified into four quartiles according to the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between ApoA1/HDL-C and CAD. ROC analysis was also conducted. RESULTS This study showed that the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio has an independent association with CAD in individuals with T2D. The CAD group exhibited a significantly higher ApoA1/HDL-C ratio than those without CAD (p-value = 0.004). Moreover, the risk of CAD increased significantly across the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio quartiles, with the highest odds in the fourth quartile. The second quartile showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (p-value = 0.048) compared to the first. Moving to the third quartile, the OR increased to 2.23 (p-value = 0.023). The highest OR was noted in the fourth, reaching 3.41 (p-value = 0.001). Employing a cut-off value of 2.66 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.885, the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio predicts CAD among patients with T2D with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 91% (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study revealed an independent association between ApoA1/HDL-C ratio and CAD in patients with T2D. This ratio can be a promising tool for predicting CAD during the follow-up of patients with T2D, aiding in identifying those at higher risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghaemi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yadegar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Asadigandomani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Arab Bafrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Karimpour Reyhan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rotllan N, Julve J, Escolà-Gil JC. Type 2 Diabetes and HDL Dysfunction: A Key Contributor to Glycemic Control. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:280-285. [PMID: 36722477 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230201124125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been shown to exert multiple cardioprotective and antidiabetic functions, such as their ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is usually associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as well as with significant alterations in the HDL composition, thereby impairing its main functions. HDL dysfunction also negatively impacts both pancreatic β-cell function and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, perpetuating this adverse self-feeding cycle. The impairment of these pathways is partly dependent on cellular ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1-mediated efflux to lipid-poor apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in the extracellular space. In line with these findings, experimental interventions aimed at improving HDL functions, such as infusions of synthetic HDL or lipid-poor apoA-I, significantly improved glycemic control in T2D patients and experimental models of the disease. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors are specific drugs designed to increase HDLC and HDL functions. Posthoc analyses of large clinical trials with CETP inhibitors have demonstrated their potential anti-diabetic properties. Research on HDL functionality and HDL-based therapies could be a crucial step toward improved glycemic control in T2D subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Institut de recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sacher S, Mukherjee A, Ray A. Deciphering structural aspects of reverse cholesterol transport: mapping the knowns and unknowns. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1160-1183. [PMID: 36880422 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cholesterol-loaded foam cells play a pivotal role in forming atherosclerotic plaques. Induction of cholesterol efflux from these cells may be a promising approach in treating CVD. The reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway delivers cholesteryl ester (CE) packaged in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) from non-hepatic cells to the liver, thereby minimising cholesterol load of peripheral cells. RCT takes place via a well-organised interplay amongst apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1), and the amount of free cholesterol. Unfortunately, modulation of RCT for treating atherosclerosis has failed in clinical trials owing to our lack of understanding of the relationship between HDL function and RCT. The fate of non-hepatic CEs in HDL is dependent on their access to proteins involved in remodelling and can be regulated at the structural level. An inadequate understanding of this inhibits the design of rational strategies for therapeutic interventions. Herein we extensively review the structure-function relationships that are essential for RCT. We also focus on genetic mutations that disturb the structural stability of proteins involved in RCT, rendering them partially or completely non-functional. Further studies are necessary for understanding the structural aspects of RCT pathway completely, and this review highlights alternative theories and unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Sacher
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Dhiti Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, B-107, Okhla Phase I, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Arjun Ray
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110019, India
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Kim HJ, Jeong S, Oh YH, Park SJ, Cho Y, Park SM. Changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of Cardiovascular Disease among initially high-density lipoprotein-high participants. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 36978181 PMCID: PMC10053475 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein cholesterol's (HDL-C) long-held status as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventative has been called into question. Most of the evidence, however, focused on either the risk of death from CVD, or on single time point level of HDL-C. This study aimed to determine the association between changes in HDL-C levels and incident CVD in individuals with high baseline HDL-C levels (≥ 60 mg/dL). METHODS 77,134 people from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort were followed for 517,515 person-years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between change in HDL-C levels and the risk of incident CVD. All participants were followed up until 31 December 2019, CVD, or death. RESULTS Participants with the greatest increase in their HDL-C levels had higher risks of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.25) and CHD (aHR 1.27, CI 1.11-1.46) after adjusting for age, sex, household income, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, Charlson comorbidity index, and total cholesterol than those with the lowest increase in HDL-C levels. Such association remained significant even among participants with decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels for CHD (aHR 1.26, CI 1.03-1.53). CONCLUSIONS In people with already high HDL-C levels, additional increases in HDL-C levels may be associated with an increased risk of CVD. This finding held true irrespective of the change in their LDL-C levels. Increasing HDL-C levels may lead to unintentionally elevated risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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7
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Fadaei R, Davies SS. Oxidative modification of HDL by lipid aldehydes impacts HDL function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109397. [PMID: 36116503 PMCID: PMC9670862 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol correlate with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and HDL performs functions including reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of inflammation, that would appear critical for cardioprotection. However, several large clinical trials utilizing pharmacologic interventions that elevated HDL cholesterol levels failed to provide cardioprotection to at-risk individuals. The reasons for these unexpected results have only recently begun to be elucidated. HDL cholesterol levels and HDL function can be significantly discordant, so that elevating HDL cholesterol levels may not necessarily lead to increased functional capacity, particularly under conditions that cause HDL to become oxidatively modified, resulting in HDL dysfunction. Here we review evidence that oxidative modifications of HDL, including by reactive lipid aldehydes generated by lipid peroxidation, reduce HDL functionality and that dicarbonyl scavengers that protect HDL against lipid aldehyde modification are beneficial in pre-clinical models of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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8
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Lau S, Middleton DA. Analysis of the orientation of cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein nanodiscs using solid-state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23651-23660. [PMID: 36134896 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of eukaryotic cellular membranes that regulates the order and phase behaviour of dynamic lipid bilayers. Although cholesterol performs many vital physiological roles, hypercholesterolaemia and the accumulation of cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaques can increase the risk of coronary heart disease morbidity. The risk is mitigated by the transportation of cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver by high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 6-20 nm-diameter particles of lipid bilayers constrained by an annular belt of the protein apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Information on the dynamics and orientation of cholesterol in HDL is pertinent to the essential role of HDL in cholesterol cycling. This work investigates whether the molecular orientation of cholesterol in HDL differs from that in the unconstrained lipid bilayers of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) measurements of dynamically-averaged 13C-13C and 13C-1H dipolar couplings were used to determine the average orientation of triple 13C-labelled cholesterol in palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid bilayers in reconstituted HDL (rHDL) nanodiscs and in MLVs. Individual 13C-13C dipolar couplings were measured from [2,3,4-13C3]cholesterol in a one-dimensional NMR experiment, by using a novel application of a method to excite double quantum coherence at rotational resonance. The measured dipolar couplings were compared with average values calculated from orientational distributions of cholesterol generated using a Gaussian probability density function. The data were consistent with small differences in the average orientation of cholesterol in rHDL and MLVs, which may reflect the effects of the constrained and unconstrained lipid bilayers in the two environments. The calculated distributions of cholesterol in rHDL and MLVs that were consistent with the NMR data also agreed well with orientational distributions extracted from previous molecular dynamics simulations of HDL nanodiscs and planar POPC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK.
| | - David A Middleton
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK.
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Dalakoura-Karagkouni K, Tiniakou I, Zannis VI, Kardassis D. Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to study the effect of myeloperoxidase on plasma lipid levels, HDL structure and functionality in mice expressing human apoA-I forms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:108-114. [PMID: 35843089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein component of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), is modified in plasma and the arterial wall by various enzymes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a leukocyte-derived peroxidase, is highly expressed during inflammation and associates with HDL reducing its functionality and contributing to atherosclerosis. In the present study we sought to explore further the effect of MPO on HDL structure and functionality in vivo using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human MPO combined with human apoA-I forms containing substitutions at MPO-sensitive sites or wild type apoA-I. We found that overexpression of MPO in mice significantly increased plasma apoA-I and HDL levels without affecting the expression of genes involved in HDL biogenesis or catabolism in the liver. Overexpression of MPO in the liver reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and increased or did not affect the expression of anti-inflammatory genes suggesting that MPO had no toxic effects in this organ. In the plasma of mice overexpressing MPO, no significant alterations in HDL size or electrophoretic mobility was observed with the exception of mice expressing apoA-I (M148A) which showed enriched pre-β relative to α HDL particles, suggesting that the apoA-I (M148A) mutation may interfere with HDL remodelling. Overexpression of MPO was associated with reduced anti-oxidant capacity of HDL particles in all mice. Interestingly, HDL particles bearing apoA-I (Y192A) showed enhanced ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages which was not affected by MPO and these mice had reduced levels of LDL-c. These findings provide new insights on the role of specific amino acid residues of apoA-I in HDL structure and function following modification by MPO. This knowledge may facilitate the development of novel therapies based on improved HDL forms for patients with chronic diseases that are characterized by dysfunctional HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Dalakoura-Karagkouni
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tiniakou
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassilis I Zannis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
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Takeda T, Ide T, Okuda D, Kuroda M, Asada S, Kirinashizawa M, Yamamoto M, Miyoshi J, Yokote K, Mizutani N. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the APOA1 gene associated with marked high-density lipoprotein deficiency. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:423-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang Q, Jiang Z, Xu Y. HDL and Oxidation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:63-77. [PMID: 35575921 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we will focus on HDLs' activity of inhibiting LDL oxidation and neutralizing some other oxidants. ApoA-I was known as the main antioxidant component in HDLs. The regulation of antioxidant capacity of HDL is mainly exhibited in regulation of apoA-I and alterations at the level of the HDL lipidome and the modifications of the proteome, especially MPO and PON1. HDL oxidation will influence the processes of inflammation and cholesterol transport, which are important processes in atherosclerosis, metabolic diseases, and many other diseases. In a word, HDL oxidation might be an effective antioxidant target in treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Understanding Myeloperoxidase-Induced Damage to HDL Structure and Function in the Vessel Wall: Implications for HDL-Based Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030556. [PMID: 35326206 PMCID: PMC8944857 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of increased oxidative stress characterized by protein and lipid modifications in the vessel wall. One important oxidative pathway involves reactive intermediates generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme present mainly in neutrophils and monocytes. Tandem MS analysis identified MPO as a component of lesion derived high-density lipoprotein (HDL), showing that the two interact in the arterial wall. MPO modifies apolipoprotein A1 (apoA-I), paraoxonase 1 and certain HDL-associated phospholipids in human atheroma. HDL isolated from atherosclerotic plaques depicts extensive MPO mediated posttranslational modifications, including oxidation of tryptophan, tyrosine and methionine residues, and carbamylation of lysine residues. In addition, HDL associated plasmalogens are targeted by MPO, generating 2-chlorohexadecanal, a pro-inflammatory and endothelial barrier disrupting lipid that suppresses endothelial nitric oxide formation. Lesion derived HDL is predominantly lipid-depleted and cross-linked and exhibits a nearly 90% reduction in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity and cholesterol efflux capacity. Here we provide a current update of the pathophysiological consequences of MPO-induced changes in the structure and function of HDL and discuss possible therapeutic implications and options. Preclinical studies with a fully functional apoA-I variant with pronounced resistance to oxidative inactivation by MPO-generated oxidants are currently ongoing. Understanding the relationships between pathophysiological processes that affect the molecular composition and function of HDL and associated diseases is central to the future use of HDL in diagnostics, therapy, and ultimately disease management.
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Battle S, Gogonea V, Willard B, Wang Z, Fu X, Huang Y, Graham LM, Cameron SJ, DiDonato JA, Crabb JW, Hazen SL. The pattern of apolipoprotein A-I lysine carbamylation reflects its lipidation state and the chemical environment within human atherosclerotic aorta. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101832. [PMID: 35304099 PMCID: PMC9010765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine carbamylation is an irreversible post-translational modification resulting in generation of homocitrulline (N-ε-carbamyllysine), which no longer possesses a charged ε-amino moiety. Two distinct pathways can promote protein carbamylation. One results from urea decomposition, forming an equilibrium mixture of cyanate (CNO−) and the reactive electrophile isocyanate. The second pathway involves myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN−), yielding CNO− and isocyanate. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a known target for MPO-catalyzed modification in vivo, converting the cardioprotective lipoprotein into a proatherogenic and proapoptotic one. We hypothesized that monitoring site-specific carbamylation patterns of apoA-I recovered from human atherosclerotic aorta could provide insights into the chemical environment within the artery wall. To test this, we first mapped carbamyllysine obtained from in vitro carbamylation of apoA-I by both the urea-driven (nonenzymatic) and inflammatory-driven (enzymatic) pathways in lipid-poor and lipidated apoA-I (reconstituted HDL). Our results suggest that lysine residues within proximity of the known MPO-binding sites on HDL are preferentially targeted by the enzymatic (MPO) carbamylation pathway, whereas the nonenzymatic pathway leads to nearly uniform distribution of carbamylated lysine residues along the apoA-I polypeptide chain. Quantitative proteomic analyses of apoA-I from human aortic atheroma identified 16 of the 21 lysine residues as carbamylated and suggested that the majority of apoA-I carbamylation in vivo occurs on “lipid-poor” apoA-I forms via the nonenzymatic CNO− pathway. Monitoring patterns of apoA-I carbamylation recovered from arterial tissues can provide insights into both apoA-I structure and the chemical environment within human atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Battle
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Shared Laboratory Resource, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Linda M Graham
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - John W Crabb
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH; Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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14
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Bedi S, Morris J, Shah A, Hart RC, Jerome WG, Aller SG, Tang C, Vaisar T, Bornfeldt KE, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW, Davidson WS. Conformational flexibility of apolipoprotein A-I amino- and carboxy-termini is necessary for lipid binding but not cholesterol efflux. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100168. [PMID: 35051413 PMCID: PMC8953623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its critical role in HDL formation, significant efforts have been devoted to studying apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) structural transitions in response to lipid binding. To assess the requirements for the conformational freedom of its termini during HDL particle formation, we generated three dimeric APOA1 molecules with their termini covalently joined in different combinations. The dimeric (d)-APOA1C-N mutant coupled the C-terminus of one APOA1 molecule to the N-terminus of a second with a short alanine linker, whereas the d-APOA1C-C and d-APOA1N-N mutants coupled the C-termini and the N-termini of two APOA1 molecules, respectively, using introduced cysteine residues to form disulfide linkages. We then tested the ability of these constructs to generate reconstituted HDL by detergent-assisted and spontaneous phospholipid microsolubilization methods. Using cholate dialysis, we demonstrate WT and all APOA1 mutants generated reconstituted HDL particles of similar sizes, morphologies, compositions, and abilities to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Unlike WT, however, the mutants were incapable of spontaneously solubilizing short chain phospholipids into discoidal particles. We found lipid-free d-APOA1C-N and d-APOA1N-N retained most of WT APOA1's ability to promote cholesterol efflux via the ATP binding cassette transporter A1, whereas d-APOA1C-C exhibited impaired cholesterol efflux. Our data support the double belt model for a lipid-bound APOA1 structure in nascent HDL particles and refute other postulated arrangements like the "double super helix." Furthermore, we conclude the conformational freedom of both the N- and C-termini of APOA1 is important in spontaneous microsolubilization of bulk phospholipid but is not critical for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpi Bedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jamie Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amy Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel C Hart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen G Aller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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15
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Devaurs D, Antunes DA, Borysik AJ. Computational Modeling of Molecular Structures Guided by Hydrogen-Exchange Data. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:215-237. [PMID: 35077179 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Data produced by hydrogen-exchange monitoring experiments have been used in structural studies of molecules for several decades. Despite uncertainties about the structural determinants of hydrogen exchange itself, such data have successfully helped guide the structural modeling of challenging molecular systems, such as membrane proteins or large macromolecular complexes. As hydrogen-exchange monitoring provides information on the dynamics of molecules in solution, it can complement other experimental techniques in so-called integrative modeling approaches. However, hydrogen-exchange data have often only been used to qualitatively assess molecular structures produced by computational modeling tools. In this paper, we look beyond qualitative approaches and survey the various paradigms under which hydrogen-exchange data have been used to quantitatively guide the computational modeling of molecular structures. Although numerous prediction models have been proposed to link molecular structure and hydrogen exchange, none of them has been widely accepted by the structural biology community. Here, we present as many hydrogen-exchange prediction models as we could find in the literature, with the aim of providing the first exhaustive list of its kind. From purely structure-based models to so-called fractional-population models or knowledge-based models, the field is quite vast. We aspire for this paper to become a resource for practitioners to gain a broader perspective on the field and guide research toward the definition of better prediction models. This will eventually improve synergies between hydrogen-exchange monitoring and molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Devaurs
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K
| | - Dinler A Antunes
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Antoni J Borysik
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, U.K
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16
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Cui H, Du Q. HDL and ASCVD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:109-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Jin Z, Zhou L, Tian R, Lu N. Myeloperoxidase Targets Apolipoprotein A-I for Site-Specific Tyrosine Chlorination in Atherosclerotic Lesions and Generates Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1672-1680. [PMID: 33861588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is an important target for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed tyrosine chlorination in the circulation of subjects with cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of apoA-I by MPO has been reported to deprive HDL of its protective properties. However, the potential effects of MPO-mediated site-specific tyrosine chlorination of apoA-I on dysfunctional HDL formation and atherosclerosis was unclear. Herein, Tyr192 in apoA-I was found to be the major chlorination site in both lesion and plasma HDL from humans with atherosclerosis, while MPO binding to apoA-I was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation studies in vivo. In vitro, MPO-mediated damage of lipid-free apoA-I impaired its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway, whereas oxidation to lipid-associated apoA-I inhibited lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation, two key steps in reverse cholesterol transport. Compared with native apoA-I, apoA-I containing a Tyr192 → Phe mutation was moderately resistant to oxidative inactivation by MPO. In high-fat-diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, compared with native apoA-I, subcutaneous injection with oxidized apoA-I (MPO treated) failed to mediate the lipid content in aortic plaques while mutant apoA-I (Tyr192 → Phe) showed a slightly stronger ability to reduce the lipid content in vivo. Our observations suggest that oxidative damage of apoA-I and HDL involves MPO-dependent site-specific tyrosine chlorination, raising the feasibility of producing MPO-resistant forms of apoA-I that have stronger antiatherosclerotic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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18
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Laurenzi T, Parravicini C, Palazzolo L, Guerrini U, Gianazza E, Calabresi L, Eberini I. rHDL modeling and the anchoring mechanism of LCAT activation. J Lipid Res 2020; 62:100006. [PMID: 33518511 PMCID: PMC7859856 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:cholesterol-acyl transferase (LCAT) plays a major role in cholesterol metabolism as it is the only extracellular enzyme able to esterify cholesterol. LCAT activity is required for lipoprotein remodeling and, most specifically, for the growth and maturation of HDLs. In fact, genetic alterations affecting LCAT functionality may cause a severe reduction in plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol with important clinical consequences. Although several hypotheses were formulated, the exact molecular recognition mechanism between LCAT and HDLs is still unknown. We employed a combination of structural bioinformatics procedures to deepen the insights into the HDL-LCAT interplay that promotes LCAT activation and cholesterol esterification. We have generated a data-driven model of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) and studied the dynamics of an assembled rHDL::LCAT supramolecular complex, pinpointing the conformational changes originating from the interaction between LCAT and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) that are necessary for LCAT activation. Specifically, we propose a mechanism in which the anchoring of LCAT lid to apoA-I helices allows the formation of a hydrophobic hood that expands the LCAT active site and shields it from the solvent, allowing the enzyme to process large hydrophobic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Laurenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Uliano Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari & DSRC, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Soppert J, Lehrke M, Marx N, Jankowski J, Noels H. Lipoproteins and lipids in cardiovascular disease: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:4-33. [PMID: 32730849 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, effective and cost-efficient therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk are highly needed. Lipids and lipoprotein particles crucially contribute to atherosclerosis as underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and influence inflammatory processes as well as function of leukocytes, vascular and cardiac cells, thereby impacting on vessels and heart. Statins form the first-line therapy with the aim to block cholesterol synthesis, but additional lipid-lowering drugs are sometimes needed to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol target values. Furthermore, beyond LDL cholesterol, also other lipid mediators contribute to cardiovascular risk. This review comprehensively discusses low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), triglycerides as well as fatty acids and derivatives in the context of cardiovascular disease, providing mechanistic insights into their role in pathological processes impacting on cardiovascular disease. Also, an overview of applied as well as emerging therapeutic strategies to reduce lipid-induced cardiovascular burden is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Soppert
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
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20
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Piersimoni L, Sinz A. Cross-linking/mass spectrometry at the crossroads. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5981-5987. [PMID: 32472143 PMCID: PMC7442761 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking/mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has come a long way. Originally, XL-MS was used to study relatively small, purified proteins. Meanwhile, it is employed to investigate protein-protein interactions on a proteome-wide level, giving snapshots of cellular processes. Currently, XL-MS is at the intersection of a multitude of workflows and the impact this technique has in addressing specific biological questions is steadily growing. This article is intended to give a bird's-eye view of the current status of XL-MS, the benefits of using MS-cleavable cross-linkers, and the challenges posed in the future development of this powerful technology. We also illustrate how XL-MS can deliver valuable structural insights into protein complexes when used in combination with other structural techniques, such as electron microscopy. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Piersimoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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21
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Jang HS, Gu X, Cooley RB, Porter JJ, Henson RL, Willi T, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL, Mehl RA. Efficient Site-Specific Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Incorporation of Halotyrosine Amino Acids into Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:562-574. [PMID: 31994864 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of protein tyrosine (Tyr) residues can serve as a molecular fingerprint of exposure to distinct oxidative pathways and are observed in abnormally high abundance in the majority of human inflammatory pathologies. Reactive oxidants generated during inflammation include hypohalous acids and nitric oxide-derived oxidants, which oxidatively modify protein Tyr residues via halogenation and nitration, respectively, forming 3-chloroTyr, 3-bromoTyr, and 3-nitroTyr. Traditional methods for generating oxidized or halogenated proteins involve nonspecific chemical reactions that result in complex protein mixtures, making it difficult to ascribe observed functional changes to a site-specific PTM or to generate antibodies sensitive to site-specific oxidative PTMs. To overcome these challenges, we generated a system to efficiently and site-specifically incorporate chloroTyr, bromoTyr, and iodoTyr, and to a lesser extent nitroTyr, into proteins in both bacterial and eukaryotic expression systems, relying on a novel amber stop codon-suppressing mutant synthetase (haloTyrRS)/tRNA pair derived from the Methanosarcina barkeri pyrrolysine synthetase system. We used this system to study the effects of oxidation on HDL-associated protein paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme with important antiatherosclerosis and antioxidant functions. PON1 forms a ternary complex with HDL and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in vivo. MPO oxidizes PON1 at tyrosine 71 (Tyr71), resulting in a loss of PON1 enzymatic function, but the extent to which chlorination or nitration of Tyr71 contributes to this loss of activity is unclear. To better understand this biological process and to demonstrate the utility of our GCE system, we generated PON1 site-specifically modified at Tyr71 with chloroTyr and nitroTyr in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. We demonstrate that either chlorination or nitration of Tyr71 significantly reduces PON1 enzymatic activity. This tool for site-specific incorporation of halotyrosine will be critical to understanding how exposure of proteins to hypohalous acids at sites of inflammation alters protein function and cellular physiology. In addition, it will serve as a powerful tool for generating antibodies that can recognize site-specific oxidative PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sang Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Richard B. Cooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Joseph J. Porter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Rachel L. Henson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Taylor Willi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Ryan A. Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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22
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Gao D, Ashraf MZ, Zhang L, Kar N, Byzova TV, Podrez EA. Cross-linking modifications of HDL apoproteins by oxidized phospholipids: structural characterization, in vivo detection, and functional implications. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1973-1984. [PMID: 31907281 PMCID: PMC7029106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is cross-linked and dysfunctional in human atheroma. Although multiple mechanisms of apoA-I cross-linking have been demonstrated in vitro, the in vivo mechanisms of cross-linking are not well-established. We have recently demonstrated the highly selective and efficient modification of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apoproteins by endogenous oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs), including γ-ketoalkenal phospholipids. In the current study, we report that γ-ketoalkenal phospholipids effectively cross-link apoproteins in HDL. We further demonstrate that cross-linking impairs the cholesterol efflux mediated by apoA-I or HDL3 in vitro and in vivo Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we analyzed the pattern of apoprotein cross-linking in isolated human HDL either by synthetic γ-ketoalkenal phospholipids or by oxPLs generated during HDL oxidation in plasma by the physiologically relevant MPO-H2O2-NO2- system. We found that five histidine residues in helices 5-8 of apoA-I are preferably cross-linked by oxPLs, forming stable pyrrole adducts with lysine residues in the helices 3-4 of another apoA-I or in the central domain of apoA-II. We also identified cross-links of apoA-I and apoA-II with two minor HDL apoproteins, apoA-IV and apoE. We detected a similar pattern of apoprotein cross-linking in oxidized murine HDL. We further detected oxPL cross-link adducts of HDL apoproteins in plasma and aorta of hyperlipidemic LDLR-/- mice, including cross-link adducts of apoA-I His-165-apoA-I Lys-93, apoA-I His-154-apoA-I Lys-105, apoA-I His-154-apoA-IV Lys-149, and apoA-II Lys-30-apoE His-227. These findings suggest an important mechanism that contributes to the loss of HDL's atheroprotective function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detao Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Mohammad Z Ashraf
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Niladri Kar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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23
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Structural analysis of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase bound to high density lipoprotein particles. Commun Biol 2020; 3:28. [PMID: 31942029 PMCID: PMC6962161 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) catalyzes a critical step of reverse cholesterol transport by esterifying cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. LCAT is activated by apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), which forms a double belt around HDL, however the manner in which LCAT engages its lipidic substrates and ApoA-I in HDL is poorly understood. Here, we used negative stain electron microscopy, crosslinking, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange studies to refine the molecular details of the LCAT-HDL complex. Our data are consistent with LCAT preferentially binding to the edge of discoidal HDL near the boundary between helix 5 and 6 of ApoA-I in a manner that creates a path from the lipid bilayer to the active site of LCAT. Our results provide not only an explanation why LCAT activity diminishes as HDL particles mature, but also direct support for the anti-parallel double belt model of HDL, with LCAT binding preferentially to the helix 4/6 region.
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24
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Protein Backbone and Average Particle Dynamics in Reconstituted Discoidal and Spherical HDL Probed by Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange and Elastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010121. [PMID: 31936876 PMCID: PMC7022587 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are supramolecular assemblies of proteins and lipids with dynamic characteristics critically linked to their biological functions as plasma lipid transporters and lipid exchangers. Among them, spherical high-density lipoproteins are the most abundant forms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma, active participants in reverse cholesterol transport, and associated with reduced development of atherosclerosis. Here, we employed elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to determine the average particle dynamics and protein backbone local mobility of physiologically competent discoidal and spherical HDL particles reconstituted with human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Our EINS measurements indicated that discoidal HDL was more dynamic than spherical HDL at ambient temperatures, in agreement with their lipid-protein composition. Combining small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and MS cross-linking, we showed earlier that the most likely organization of the three apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) chains in spherical HDL is a combination of a hairpin monomer and a helical antiparallel dimer. Here, we corroborated those findings with kinetic studies, employing hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Many overlapping apoA-I digested peptides exhibited bimodal HDX kinetics behavior, suggesting that apoA-I regions with the same amino acid composition located on different apoA-I chains had different conformations and/or interaction environments.
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Damiati S, Scheberl A, Zayni S, Damiati SA, Schuster B, Kompella UB. Albumin-bound nanodiscs as delivery vehicle candidates: Development and characterization. Biophys Chem 2019; 251:106178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kawanobe T, Shiranaga N, Kioka N, Kimura Y, Ueda K. Apolipoprotein A-I directly interacts with extracellular domain 1 of human ABCA1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:490-497. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1547106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is critical for the generation of nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and plays important roles in cholesterol homeostasis. ABCA1 has two large extracellular domains (ECDs), which may interact directly with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL formation and the importance of ABCA1–apoA-I interactions in HDL formation remain unclear. We investigated the ABCA1–apoA-I interaction in photo-activated crosslinking experiments using sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I. ApoA-I bound to cells expressing ABCA1, but not to untransfected cells or cells expressing non-functional ABCA1. Binding was inhibited by sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I, and crosslinking of sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I with ABCA1 was inhibited by non-labeled apoA-I, suggesting that sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I specifically binds and crosslinks with functional ABCA1. Proteolytic digestion of crosslinked ABCA1 revealed that apoA-I bound the N-terminal half of ABCA1, and that the first ECD of ABCA1 is an apoA-I binding site.
Abbreviations: ABC: ATP-binding cassette; apoA-I: apolipoprotein A-I; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CHAPS: 3-(3-cholamidepropyl)dimethylammonio-1- propanesulphonate; DTT: dithiothreitol; ECD: extra cellular domain; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HA: hemagglutinin; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HEK: human embryonic kidney; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; sulfo-SBED: (sulfosuccinimidyl-2-[6-(biotinamido)-2-(p-azidobenzamido)hexanoamido] ethyl-1,3ʹ-dithiopropionate; NHS-ester, N-hydroxysuccinimide-ester
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kawanobe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Shiranaga
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Tsujita M, Wolska A, Gutmann DAP, Remaley AT. Reconstituted Discoidal High-Density Lipoproteins: Bioinspired Nanodiscs with Many Unexpected Applications. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:59. [PMID: 30397748 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize the initial discovery of discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma and review more recent innovations that span the use of reconstituted nanodisc HDL for membrane protein characterization to its use as a drug carrier and a novel therapeutic agent for cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Using a wide variety of biophysical techniques, the structure and composition of endogenous discoidal HDL have now largely been solved. This has led to the development of new methods for the in vitro reconstitution of nanodisc HDL, which have proven to have a wide variety of biomedical applications. Nanodisc HDL has been used as a platform for mimicking the plasma membrane for the reconstitution and investigation of the structures of several plasma membrane proteins, such as cytochrome P450s and ABC transporters. Nanodisc HDL has also been designed as drug carriers to transport amphipathic, as well as hydrophobic small molecules, and has potential therapeutic applications for several diseases. Finally, nanodisc HDL itself like native discoidal HDL can mediate cholesterol efflux from cells and are currently being tested in late-stage clinical trials for cardiovascular disease. The discovery of the characterization of native discoidal HDL has inspired a new field of synthetic nanodisc HDL, which has offered a growing number of unanticipated biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Liu D, Ji L, Zhao M, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li L, Zhang D, Xu L, Pan B, Su J, Xiang S, Pennathur S, Li J, Gao J, Liu P, Willard B, Zheng L. Lysine glycation of apolipoprotein A-I impairs its anti-inflammatory function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:47-57. [PMID: 30092227 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein compontent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), exerts many anti-atherogenic functions. This study aimed to reveal whether nonenzymatic glycation of specific sites of apoA-I impaired its anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the specific sites and the extent of apoA-I glycation either modified by glucose in vitro or isolated from T2DM patients. Cytokine release in THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages was tested by ELISA. Activation of NF-kappa B pathway was detected by western blot. The binding affinity of apoA-I to THP-1 cells was measured using 125I-labeled apoA-I. We identified seven specific lysine (Lys, K) residues of apoA-I (K12, K23, K40, K96, K106, K107 and K238) that were susceptible to be glycated either in vitro or in vivo. Glycation of apoA-I impaired its abilities to inhibit the release of TNF-α and IL-1β against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in THP-1 cells. Besides, the glycation levels of these seven K sites in apoA-I were inversely correlated with its anti-inflammatory abilities. Furthermore, glycated apoA-I had a lower affinity to THP-1 cells than native apoA-I had. We generated mutant apoA-I (K107E, M-apoA-I) with a substitution of glutamic acid (Glu, E) for lysine at the 107th site, and found that compared to wild type apoA-I (WT-apoA-I), M-apoA-I decreased its anti-inflammatory effects in THP-1 cells. We also modeled the location of these seven K residues on apoA-I which allowed us to infer the conformational alteration of glycated apoA-I and HDL. In summary, glycation of these seven K residues altered the conformation of apoA-I and consequently impaired the protective effects of apoA-I, which may partly account for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Proteomics Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Proteomics Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jinzi Su
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Song Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Jingxuan Li
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China.
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Chen X, Duong MN, Nicholls SJ, Bursill C. Myeloperoxidase modification of high-density lipoprotein suppresses human endothelial cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of ERK1/2 and Akt activation. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cooke AL, Morris J, Melchior JT, Street SE, Jerome WG, Huang R, Herr AB, Smith LE, Segrest JP, Remaley AT, Shah AS, Thompson TB, Davidson WS. A thumbwheel mechanism for APOA1 activation of LCAT activity in HDL. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1244-1255. [PMID: 29773713 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
APOA1 is the most abundant protein in HDL. It modulates interactions that affect HDL's cardioprotective functions, in part via its activation of the enzyme, LCAT. On nascent discoidal HDL, APOA1 comprises 10 α-helical repeats arranged in an anti-parallel stacked-ring structure that encapsulates a lipid bilayer. Previous chemical cross-linking studies suggested that these APOA1 rings can adopt at least two different orientations, or registries, with respect to each other; however, the functional impact of these structural changes is unknown. Here, we placed cysteine residues at locations predicted to form disulfide bonds in each orientation and then measured APOA1's ability to adopt the two registries during HDL particle formation. We found that most APOA1 oriented with the fifth helix of one molecule across from fifth helix of the other (5/5 helical registry), but a fraction adopted a 5/2 registry. Engineered HDLs that were locked in 5/5 or 5/2 registries by disulfide bonds equally promoted cholesterol efflux from macrophages, indicating functional particles. However, unlike the 5/5 registry or the WT, the 5/2 registry impaired LCAT cholesteryl esterification activity (P < 0.001), despite LCAT binding equally to all particles. Chemical cross-linking studies suggest that full LCAT activity requires a hybrid epitope composed of helices 5-7 on one APOA1 molecule and helices 3-4 on the other. Thus, APOA1 may use a reciprocating thumbwheel-like mechanism to activate HDL-remodeling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Cooke
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Jamie Morris
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - John T Melchior
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Scott E Street
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rong Huang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Loren E Smith
- Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
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Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid nanodiscs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2094-2107. [PMID: 29729280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A lipid nanodisc is a discoidal lipid bilayer stabilized by proteins, peptides, or polymers on its edge. Nanodiscs have two important connections to structural biology. The first is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a particle with a variety of functionalities including lipid transport. Nascent HDL (nHDL) is a nanodisc stabilized by Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1). Determining the structure of APOA1 and its mimetic peptides in nanodiscs is crucial to understanding pathologies related to HDL maturation and designing effective therapies. Secondly, nanodiscs offer non-detergent membrane-mimicking environments and greatly facilitate structural studies of membrane proteins. Although seemingly similar, natural and synthetic nanodiscs are different in that nHDL is heterogeneous in size, due to APOA1 elasticity, and gradually matures to become spherical. Synthetic nanodiscs, in contrast, should be homogenous, stable, and size-tunable. This report reviews previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of nanodiscs and illustrates convergence and accuracy issues using results from new multi-microsecond atomistic MD simulations. These new simulations reveal that APOA1 helices take 10-20 μs to rearrange on the nanodisc, while peptides take 2 μs to migrate from the disc surfaces to the edge. These systems can also become kinetically trapped depending on the initial conditions. For example, APOA1 was trapped in a biologically irrelevant conformation for the duration of a 10 μs trajectory; the peptides were similarly trapped for 5 μs. It therefore remains essential to validate MD simulations of these systems with experiments due to convergence and accuracy issues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Emergence of Complex Behavior in Biomembranes edited by Marjorie Longo.
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Tertiary structure of apolipoprotein A-I in nascent high-density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5163-5168. [PMID: 29712830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721181115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) requires detailed knowledge of the structure of its primary protein, apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1). However, APOA1 flexibility and HDL heterogeneity have confounded decades of efforts to determine high-resolution structures and consistent models. Here, molecular dynamics simulations totaling 30 μs on two nascent HDLs, each with 2 APOA1 and either 160 phospholipids and 24 cholesterols or 200 phospholipids and 20 cholesterols, show that residues 1-21 of the N-terminal domains of APOA1 interact via strong salt bridges. Residues 26-43 of one APOA1 in the smaller particle form a hinge on the disc edge, which displaces the C-terminal domain of the other APOA1 to the phospholipid surface. The proposed structures are supported by chemical cross-linking, Rosetta modeling of the N-terminal domain, and analysis of the lipid-free ∆185APOA1 crystal structure. These structures provide a framework for understanding HDL maturation and revise all previous models of nascent HDL.
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Casteleijn MG, Parkkila P, Viitala T, Koivuniemi A. Interaction of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase with lipid surfaces and apolipoprotein A-I-derived peptides. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:670-683. [PMID: 29438987 PMCID: PMC5880497 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LCAT is an enzyme responsible for the formation of cholesteryl esters from unesterified cholesterol (UC) and phospholipid (PL) molecules in HDL particles. However, it is poorly understood how LCAT interacts with lipoproteins and how apoA-I activates it. Here we have studied the interactions between LCAT and lipids through molecular simulations. In addition, we studied the binding of LCAT to apoA-I-derived peptides, and their effect on LCAT lipid association-utilizing experiments. Results show that LCAT anchors itself to lipoprotein surfaces by utilizing nonpolar amino acids located in the membrane-binding domain and the active site tunnel opening. Meanwhile, the membrane-anchoring hydrophobic amino acids attract cholesterol molecules next to them. The results also highlight the role of the lid-loop in the lipid binding and conformation of LCAT with respect to the lipid surface. The apoA-I-derived peptides from the LCAT-activating region bind to LCAT and promote its lipid surface interactions, although some of these peptides do not bind lipids individually. The transfer free-energy of PL from the lipid bilayer into the active site is consistent with the activation energy of LCAT. Furthermore, the entry of UC molecules into the active site becomes highly favorable by the acylation of SER181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G Casteleijn
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Parkkila
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Witkowski A, Chan GKL, Boatz JC, Li NJ, Inoue AP, Wong JC, van der Wel PCA, Cavigiolio G. Methionine oxidized apolipoprotein A-I at the crossroads of HDL biogenesis and amyloid formation. FASEB J 2018; 32:3149-3165. [PMID: 29401604 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701127r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) shares with other exchangeable apolipoproteins a high level of structural plasticity. In the lipid-free state, the apolipoprotein amphipathic α-helices interact intra- and intermolecularly, providing structural stabilization by self-association. We have reported that lipid-free apoA-I becomes amyloidogenic upon physiologically relevant (myeloperoxidase-mediated) Met oxidation. In this study, we established that Met oxidation promotes amyloidogenesis by reducing the stability of apoA-I monomers and irreversibly disrupting self-association. The oxidized apoA-I monomers also exhibited increased cellular cholesterol release capacity and stronger association with macrophages, compared to nonoxidized apoA-I. Of physiologic relevance, preformed oxidized apoA-I amyloid fibrils induced amyloid formation in nonoxidized apoA-I. This process was enhanced when self-association of nonoxidized apoA-I was disrupted by thermal treatment. Solid state NMR analysis revealed that aggregates formed by seeded nonoxidized apoA-I were structurally similar to those formed by the oxidized protein, featuring a β-structure-rich amyloid fold alongside α-helices retained from the native state. In atherosclerotic lesions, the conditions that promote apoA-I amyloid formation are readily available: myeloperoxidase, active oxygen species, low pH, and high concentration of lipid-free apoA-I. Our results suggest that even partial Met oxidation of apoA-I can nucleate amyloidogenesis, thus sequestering and inactivating otherwise antiatherogenic and HDL-forming apoA-I.-Witkowski, A., Chan, G. K. L., Boatz, J. C., Li, N. J., Inoue, A. P., Wong, J. C., van der Wel, P. C. A., Cavigiolio, G. Methionine oxidized apolipoprotein A-I at the crossroads of HDL biogenesis and amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witkowski
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Gary K L Chan
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Boatz
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy J Li
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Ayuka P Inoue
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jaclyn C Wong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Giorgio Cavigiolio
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
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Gorshkova IN, Mei X, Atkinson D. Arginine 123 of apolipoprotein A-I is essential for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:348-356. [PMID: 29208698 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoA-I activates LCAT that converts lipoprotein cholesterol to cholesteryl ester (CE). Molecular dynamic simulations suggested earlier that helices 5 of two antiparallel apoA-I molecules on discoidal HDL form an amphipathic tunnel for migration of acyl chains and unesterified cholesterol to the active sites of LCAT. Our recent crystal structure of Δ(185-243)apoA-I showed the tunnel formed by helices 5/5, with two positively charged residues arginine 123 positioned at the edge of the hydrophobic tunnel. We hypothesized that these uniquely positioned residues Arg123 are poised for interaction with fatty acids produced by LCAT hydrolysis of the sn-2 chains of phosphatidylcholine, thus positioning the fatty acids for esterification to cholesterol. To test the importance of Arg123 for LCAT phospholipid hydrolysis and CE formation, we generated apoA-I[R123A] and apoA-I[R123E] mutants and made discoidal HDL with the mutants and WT apoA-I. Neither mutation of Arg123 changed the particle composition or size, or the protein conformation or stability. However, both mutations of Arg123 significantly reduced LCAT catalytic efficiency and the apparent Vmax for CE formation without affecting LCAT phospholipid hydrolysis. A control mutation, apoA-I[R131A], did not affect LCAT phospholipid hydrolysis or CE formation. These data suggest that Arg123 of apoA-I on discoidal HDL participates in LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Gorshkova
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Xiaohu Mei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - David Atkinson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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Awadallah S, Madkour M, Hamidi RA, Alwafa EA, Hattab M, Zakkour B, Al-Matroushi A, Ahmed E, Al-Kitbi M. Plasma levels of Apolipoprotein A1 and Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Correlations with haptoglobin phenotypes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S543-S546. [PMID: 28416369 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that hemoglobin-haptoglobin (Hb-Hp) complex plays a role in developing vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The complexes bind with Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), affecting the function of Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT), and impairing the reverse cholesterol transport mechanism (RCT). This study investigated the influence of Hp phenotypes on serum levels of ApoA1 and LCAT in patients with T2DM. METHODS The study comprised 131 T2DM patients and 111 matching healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and lipid profile were determined by chemistry autoanalyzer, LCAT and ApoA1 by ELISA, and Hp phenotypes by gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Irrespective of Hp phenotypes, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and lipid profile were significantly higher in patients than in controls, while HDL-cholesterol, ApoA1, and LCAT were lower. ApoA1 correlated positively with LCAT (r=0.223, p=0.024) and HDL-cholesterol (r=0.255, 0.003) in patients only. When Hp polymorphism was taken into account, the levels of LCAT and ApoA1 were significantly lower in patients with Hp2-2 than that in patients of Hp1-1 and/or Hp2-1. Correlations between ApoA1 and each of HDL-cholesterol and LCAT (r=0.239, p=0.046, and r=0.252, p=0.040, respectively) were also observed, but only in patients with Hp2-2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The reduced levels of LCAT and ApoA1 observed in this study support the suggestion that T2DM patients with Hp2-2 phenotype could have altered RCT mechanism and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (MSRD) Research Group, Research Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammed Madkour
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (MSRD) Research Group, Research Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Al Hamidi
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Esraa Abo Alwafa
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maram Hattab
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Buhour Zakkour
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amna Al-Matroushi
- Medical Services of the Ministry of Interior, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eslah Ahmed
- Medical Services of the Ministry of Interior, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Al-Kitbi
- Medical Services of the Ministry of Interior, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Zhu L, Petrlova J, Gysbers P, Hebert H, Wallin S, Jegerschöld C, Lagerstedt JO. Structures of apolipoprotein A-I in high density lipoprotein generated by electron microscopy and biased simulations. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2726-2738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Femlak M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Rysz J. The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:207. [PMID: 29084567 PMCID: PMC5663054 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem which prevalence is constantly raising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Both diabetes mellitus types (DMT1 and DMT2) are associated with high risk of developing chronic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. METHODS This is a review of available articles concerning HDL subfractions profile in diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. In this review, HDL dysfunction in diabetes, the impact of HDL alterations on the risk diabetes development as well as the association between disturbed HDL particle in DM and cardiovascular risk is discussed. RESULTS Changes in the amount of circulation lipids, including triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as the HDL are frequent also in the course of DMT1 and DMT2. In normal state HDL exerts various antiatherogenic properties, including reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, it has been suggested that in pathological state HDL becomes "dysfunctional" which means that relative composition of lipids and proteins in HDL, as well as enzymatic activities associated to HDL, such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 11 (Lp-PLA2) are altered. HDL properties are compromised in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), due to oxidative modification and glycation of the HDL protein as well as the transformation of the HDL proteome into a proinflammatory protein. Numerous studies confirm that the ability of HDL to suppress inflammatory signals is significantly reduced in this group of patients. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remains to be unravelled in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of pathological mechanisms underlying HDL dysfunction may enable the development of therapies targeted at specific subpopulations and focusing at the diminishing of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Femlak
- 105 Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Żary, Domańskiego 2, 68-200, Żary, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM Teaching Hospital of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland.
| | | | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland
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39
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Martinez D, Decossas M, Kowal J, Frey L, Stahlberg H, Dufourc EJ, Riek R, Habenstein B, Bibow S, Loquet A. Lipid Internal Dynamics Probed in Nanodiscs. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2651-2657. [PMID: 28573816 PMCID: PMC5697661 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiscs offer a very promising tool to incorporate membrane proteins into native-like lipid bilayers and an alternative to liposomes to maintain protein functions and protein-lipid interactions in a soluble nanoscale object. The activity of the incorporated membrane protein appears to be correlated to its dynamics in the lipid bilayer and by protein-lipid interactions. These two parameters depend on the lipid internal dynamics surrounded by the lipid-encircling discoidal scaffold protein that might differ from more unrestricted lipid bilayers observed in vesicles or cellular extracts. A solid-state NMR spectroscopy investigation of lipid internal dynamics and thermotropism in nanodiscs is reported. The gel-to-fluid phase transition is almost abolished for nanodiscs, which maintain lipid fluid properties for a large temperature range. The addition of cholesterol allows fine-tuning of the internal bilayer dynamics by increasing chain ordering. Increased site-specific order parameters along the acyl chain reflect a higher internal ordering in nanodiscs compared with liposomes at room temperature; this is induced by the scaffold protein, which restricts lipid diffusion in the nanodisc area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Martinez
- CBMNCNRS.University of BordeauxIECBAll. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire34600PessacFrance
| | - Marion Decossas
- CBMNCNRS.University of BordeauxIECBAll. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire34600PessacFrance
| | - Julia Kowal
- D C-CINAUniversity of Basel4058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Lukas Frey
- Laboratory for Physical ChemistryETH Zürich8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Erick J. Dufourc
- CBMNCNRS.University of BordeauxIECBAll. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire34600PessacFrance
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory for Physical ChemistryETH Zürich8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- CBMNCNRS.University of BordeauxIECBAll. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire34600PessacFrance
| | - Stefan Bibow
- BiozentrumUniversity of Basel4058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Loquet
- CBMNCNRS.University of BordeauxIECBAll. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire34600PessacFrance
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40
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Kimura H, Mikawa S, Mizuguchi C, Horie Y, Morita I, Oyama H, Ohgita T, Nishitsuji K, Takeuchi A, Lund-Katz S, Akaji K, Kobayashi N, Saito H. Immunochemical Approach for Monitoring of Structural Transition of ApoA-I upon HDL Formation Using Novel Monoclonal Antibodies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2988. [PMID: 28592796 PMCID: PMC5462821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) undergoes a large conformational reorganization during remodeling of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. To detect structural transition of apoA-I upon HDL formation, we developed novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with a recombinant human apoA-I, with or without conjugation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, were fused with P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells. After the HAT-selection and cloning, we established nine hybridoma clones secreting anti-apoA-I mAbs in which four mAbs recognize epitopes on the N-terminal half of apoA-I while the other five mAbs recognize the central region. ELISA and bio-layer interferometry measurements demonstrated that mAbs whose epitopes are within residues 1–43 or 44–65 obviously discriminate discoidal and spherical reconstituted HDL particles despite their great reactivities to lipid-free apoA-I and plasma HDL, suggesting the possibility of these mAbs to detect structural transition of apoA-I on HDL. Importantly, a helix-disrupting mutation of W50R into residues 44–65 restored the immunoreactivity of mAbs whose epitope being within residues 44–65 against reconstituted HDL particles, indicating that these mAbs specifically recognize the epitope region in a random coil state. These results encourage us to develop mAbs targeting epitopes in the N-terminal residues of apoA-I as useful probes for monitoring formation and remodeling of HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kimura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shiho Mikawa
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Chiharu Mizuguchi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Horie
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Izumi Morita
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oyama
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohgita
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Analytical Laboratory, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Lipid Research Group, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-4318, USA
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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41
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Lai CT, Sun W, Palekar RU, Thaxton CS, Schatz GC. Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Studies of Gold Nanoparticle Templated HDL-like Nanoparticles for Cholesterol Metabolism Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1247-1254. [PMID: 28001031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Mimics of HDL are being explored as potentially powerful therapeutic agents for removing excess cholesterol from arterial plaques. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with apolipoprotein A-I and with the lipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate] have been demonstrated to be robust acceptors of cellular cholesterol. However, detailed structural information about this functionalized HDL AuNP is still lacking. In this study, we have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase activation experiments together with coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to model the structure and cholesterol uptake properties of the HDL AuNP construct. By simulating different apolipoprotein-loaded AuNPs, we find that lipids are oriented differently in regions with and without apoA-I. We also show that in this functionalized HDL AuNP, the distribution of cholesteryl ester maintains a reverse concentration gradient that is similar to the gradient found in native HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tsung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wangqiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology , 303 East Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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42
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The power, pitfalls and potential of the nanodisc system for NMR-based studies. Biol Chem 2016; 397:1335-1354. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The choice of a suitable membrane mimicking environment is of fundamental importance for the characterization of structure and function of membrane proteins. In this respect, usage of the lipid bilayer nanodisc technology provides a unique potential for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based studies. This review summarizes the recent advances in this field, focusing on (i) the strengths of the system, (ii) the bottlenecks that may be faced, and (iii) promising capabilities that may be explored in future studies.
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43
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Kim K, Bloom MS, Browne RW, Bell EM, Yucel RM, Fujimoto VY. Associations between follicular fluid high density lipoprotein particle components and embryo quality among in vitro fertilization patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 34:1-10. [PMID: 27900613 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicular redox balance is likely to be important for embryo quality during in vitro fertilization (IVF), and the anti-oxidative high desity lipoprotein (HDL) particle is the sole lipoprotein measured in follicular fluid (FF). Therefore, we investigated FF HDL particle components as predictors of embryo quality during IVF. METHODS Two research follicles collected from each participant were individually tracked, and 103 women having at least one developed embryo were included in the analysis. Concentrations of 15 non-cholesterol HDL particle components and 26 HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) particle size subfractions were determined. Embryo quality was assessed for embryo cell number, embryo fragmentation, and embryo symmetry. Multivariable Poisson regression with a sandwich variance estimator was used to evaluate associations between HDL particle components and embryo quality, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Higher γ-tocopherol concentration was associated with less embryo fragmentation (relative risk [RR] = 4.43; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.78, 11.06), and higher apolipoprotein A-1 concentration was associated with full embryo symmetry (RR = 3.92; 95 % CI 1.56, 9.90). Higher concentrations of HDL-C subfractions in the large and medium particle size ranges were associated with poorer embryo quality. CONCLUSIONS FF HDL lipophilic micronutrients and protein components, as well as HDL-C particle size, may be important predictors of embryo quality during IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - M S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA. .,School of Public Health Rm. #149, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
| | - R W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - E M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - R M Yucel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - V Y Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pollard RD, Fulp B, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ. High-Density Lipoprotein Biogenesis: Defining the Domains Involved in Human Apolipoprotein A-I Lipidation. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4971-81. [PMID: 27501467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first step in removing cholesterol from a cell is the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1)-driven transfer of cholesterol to lipid-free or lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), which yields cholesterol-rich nascent high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) that then matures in plasma to spherical, cholesteryl ester-rich HDL. However, lipid-free apoA-I has a three-dimensional (3D) conformation that is significantly different from that of lipidated apoA-I on nHDL. By comparing the lipid-free apoA-I 3D conformation of apoA-I to that of 9-14 nm diameter nHDL, we formulated the hypothetical helical domain transitions that might drive particle formation. To test the hypothesis, ten apoA-I mutants were prepared that contained two strategically placed cysteines several of which could form intramolecular disulfide bonds and others that could not form these bonds. Mass spectrometry was used to identify amino acid sequence and intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Recombinant HDL (rHDL) formation was assessed with this group of apoA-I mutants. ABCA1-driven nHDL formation was measured in four mutants and wild-type apoA-I. The mutants contained cysteine substitutions in one of three regions: the N-terminus, amino acids 34 and 55 (E34C to S55C), central domain amino acids 104 and 162 (F104C to H162C), and the C-terminus, amino acids 200 and 233 (L200C to L233C). Mutants were studied in the locked form, with an intramolecular disulfide bond present, or unlocked form, with the cysteine thiol blocked by alkylation. Only small amounts of rHDL or nHDL were formed upon locking the central domain. We conclude that both the N- and C-terminal ends assist in the initial steps in lipid acquisition, but that opening of the central domain was essential for particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricquita D Pollard
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Brian Fulp
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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45
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Midtgaard SR, Pedersen MC, Arleth L. Small-angle X-ray scattering of the cholesterol incorporation into human ApoA1-POPC discoidal particles. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 26200866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional aspects of high-density lipoproteins have been studied for over half a century. Due to the plasticity of this highly complex system, new aspects continue to be discovered. Here, we present a structural study of the human Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and investigate the role of its N-terminal domain, the so-called globular domain of ApoA1, in discoidal complexes with phospholipids and increasing amounts of cholesterol. Using a combination of solution-based small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular constrained data modeling, we show that the ApoA1-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)-based particles are disk shaped with an elliptical cross section and composed by a central lipid bilayer surrounded by two stabilizing ApoA1 proteins. This structure is very similar to the particles formed in the so-called nanodisc system, which is based on N-terminal truncated ApoA1 protein. Although it is commonly agreed that the nanodisc is plain disk shaped, several more advanced structures have been proposed for the full-length ApoA1 in combination with POPC and cholesterol. This prompted us to make a detailed comparative study of the ApoA1 and nanodisc systems upon cholesterol uptake. Based on the presented SAXS analysis it is found that the N-terminal domains of ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol particles are not globular but instead an integrated part of the protein belt stabilizing the particles. Upon incorporation of increasing amounts of cholesterol, the presence of the N-terminal domain allows the bilayer thickness to increase while maintaining an overall flat bilayer structure. This is contrasted by the energetically more strained and less favorable lens shape required to fit the SAXS data from the N-terminal truncated nanodisc system upon cholesterol incorporation. This suggests that the N-terminal domain of ApoA1 actively participates in the stabilization of the ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol discoidal particle and allows for a more optimal lipid packing upon cholesterol uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Roi Midtgaard
- X-Ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Lise Arleth
- X-Ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Pan L, Segrest JP. Computational studies of plasma lipoprotein lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2401-2420. [PMID: 26969087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecular assemblies of proteins and lipids found in the blood. The lipid components of lipoproteins are amphipathic lipids such as phospholipids (PLs), and unesterified cholesterols (UCs) and hydrophobic lipids such as cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs). Since lipoproteins are soft matter supramolecular assemblies easily deformable by thermal fluctuations and they also exist in varying densities and protein/lipid components, a detailed understanding of their structure/function is experimentally difficult. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has emerged as a particularly promising way to explore the structure and dynamics of lipoproteins. The purpose of this review is to survey the current status of computational studies of the lipid components of the lipoproteins. Computational studies aim to explore three levels of complexity for the 3-dimensional structural dynamics of lipoproteins at various metabolic stages: (i) lipoprotein particles consist of protein with minimal lipid; (ii) lipoprotein particles consist of PL-rich discoidal bilayer-like lipid particles; (iii) mature circulating lipoprotein particles consist of CE-rich or TG-rich spheroidal lipid-droplet-like particles. Due to energy barriers involved in conversion between these species, other biomolecules also participate in lipoprotein biological assembly. For example: (i) lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) interacts with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) to produce nascent discoidal high density lipoprotein (dHDL) particles; (ii) lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mediates the conversion of UC to CE in dHDL, driving spheroidal HDL (sHDL) formation; (iii) transfer proteins, cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), transfer both CE and TG and PL, respectively, between lipoprotein particles. Computational studies have the potential to explore different lipoprotein particles at each metabolic stage in atomistic detail. This review discusses the current status of computational methods including all-atom MD (AAMD), coarse-grain MD (CGMD), and MD-simulated annealing (MDSA) and their applications in lipoprotein structural dynamics and biological assemblies. Results from MD simulations are discussed and compared across studies in order to identify key findings, controversies, issues and future directions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurong Pan
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, & Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, & Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Gu X, Wu Z, Huang Y, Wagner MA, Baleanu-Gogonea C, Mehl RA, Buffa JA, DiDonato AJ, Hazen LB, Fox PL, Gogonea V, Parks JS, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. A Systematic Investigation of Structure/Function Requirements for the Apolipoprotein A-I/Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Interaction Loop of High-density Lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6386-95. [PMID: 26797122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) plays a critical role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) maturation. We previously identified a highly solvent-exposed apoA-I loop domain (Leu(159)-Leu(170)) in nascent HDL, the so-called "solar flare" (SF) region, and proposed that it serves as an LCAT docking site (Wu, Z., Wagner, M. A., Zheng, L., Parks, J. S., Shy, J. M., 3rd, Smith, J. D., Gogonea, V., and Hazen, S. L. (2007) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 861-868). The stability and role of the SF domain of apoA-I in supporting HDL binding and activation of LCAT are debated. Here we show by site-directed mutagenesis that multiple residues within the SF region (Pro(165), Tyr(166), Ser(167), and Asp(168)) of apoA-I are critical for both LCAT binding to HDL and LCAT catalytic efficiency. The critical role for possible hydrogen bond interaction at apoA-I Tyr(166) was further supported using reconstituted HDL generated from apoA-I mutants (Tyr(166) → Glu or Asn), which showed preservation in both LCAT binding affinity and catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the in vivo functional significance of NO2-Tyr(166)-apoA-I, a specific post-translational modification on apoA-I that is abundant within human atherosclerotic plaque, was further investigated by using the recombinant protein generated from E. coli containing a mutated orthogonal tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pair enabling site-specific insertion of the unnatural amino acid into apoA-I. NO2-Tyr(166)-apoA-I, after subcutaneous injection into hLCAT(Tg/Tg), apoA-I(-/-) mice, showed impaired LCAT activation in vivo, with significant reduction in HDL cholesteryl ester formation. The present results thus identify multiple structural features within the solvent-exposed SF region of apoA-I of nascent HDL essential for optimal LCAT binding and catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Zhiping Wu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Ying Huang
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Matthew A Wagner
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | | | - Ryan A Mehl
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, and
| | - Jennifer A Buffa
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Anthony J DiDonato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Leah B Hazen
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Paul L Fox
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and the Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - John S Parks
- the Sections on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, and the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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Gogonea V. Structural Insights into High Density Lipoprotein: Old Models and New Facts. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:318. [PMID: 26793109 PMCID: PMC4709926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological link between circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and cardiovascular disease is well-documented, albeit its intricacies are not well-understood. An improved appreciation of HDL function and overall role in vascular health and disease requires at its foundation a better understanding of the lipoprotein's molecular structure, its formation, and its process of maturation through interactions with various plasma enzymes and cell receptors that intervene along the pathway of reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the field of lipid free apoA-I and HDL structure, with emphasis on new insights revealed by newly published nascent and spherical HDL models constructed by combining low resolution structures obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and geometrical constraints derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), crosslinking mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer, and electron spin resonance. Recently published low resolution structures of nascent and spherical HDL obtained from SANS with contrast variation and isotopic labeling of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) will be critically reviewed and discussed in terms of how they accommodate existing biophysical structural data from alternative approaches. The new low resolution structures revealed and also provided some answers to long standing questions concerning lipid organization and particle maturation of lipoproteins. The review will discuss the merits of newly proposed SANS based all atom models for nascent and spherical HDL, and compare them with accepted models. Finally, naturally occurring and bioengineered mutations in apoA-I, and their impact on HDL phenotype, are reviewed and discuss together with new therapeutics employed for restoring HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State UniversityCleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
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Murray SC, Gillard BK, Ludtke SJ, Pownall HJ. Direct Measurement of the Structure of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins by Cryo-EM. Biophys J 2015; 110:810-6. [PMID: 26743047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early forms of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), nascent HDL, are formed by the interaction of apolipoprotein AI with macrophage and hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter member 1. Various plasma activities convert nascent to mature HDL, comprising phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol, which are selectively removed by hepatic receptors. This process is important in reducing the cholesterol burden of arterial wall macrophages, an important cell type in all stages of atherosclerosis. Interaction of apolipoprotein AI with dimyristoyl (DM)PC forms reconstituted (r)HDL, which is a good model of nascent HDL. rHDL have been used as an antiathersclerosis therapy that enhances reverse cholesterol transport in humans and animal models. Thus, identification of the structure of rHDL would inform about that of nascent HDL and how rHDL improves reverse cholesterol transport in an atheroprotective way. Early studies of rHDL suggested a discoidal structure, which included pairs of antiparallel helices of apolipoprotein AI circumscribing a phospholipid bilayer. Another rHDL model based on small angle neutron scattering supported a double superhelical structure. Herein, we report a cryo-electron microscopy-based model of a large rHDL formed spontaneously from apolipoprotein AI, cholesterol, and excess DMPC and isolated to near homogeneity. After reconstruction we obtained an rHDL structure comprising DMPC, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein AI (423:74:1 mol/mol) forming a discoidal particle 360 Å in diameter and 45 Å thick; these dimensions are consistent with the stoichiometry of the particles. Given that cryo-electron microscopy directly observes projections of individual rHDL particles in different orientations, we can unambiguously state that rHDL particles are protein bounded discoidal bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henry J Pownall
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Narasimhan Janakiraman V, Noubhani A, Venkataraman K, Vijayalakshmi M, Santarelli X. High yield of recombinant human Apolipoprotein A-I expressed in Pichia pastoris
by using mixed-mode chromatography. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:117-26. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Narasimhan Janakiraman
- IPB, Biotechnologie des Protéines Recombinantes à Visée Santé; Bordeaux France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Biotechnologie des Protéines Recombinantes à Visée Santé; Bordeaux France
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, VIT University; Vellore India
| | - Abdelmajid Noubhani
- IPB, Biotechnologie des Protéines Recombinantes à Visée Santé; Bordeaux France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Biotechnologie des Protéines Recombinantes à Visée Santé; Bordeaux France
| | | | | | - Xavier Santarelli
- IPB, Biotechnologie des Protéines Recombinantes à Visée Santé; Bordeaux France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Biotechnologie des Protéines Recombinantes à Visée Santé; Bordeaux France
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