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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Arab A, Karimi E, Garaulet M, Scheer FAJL. Social jetlag and dietary intake: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 71:101820. [PMID: 37544031 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current systematic review was to critically review the available evidence regarding the link between social jetlag and diet among the general population using observational studies. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Sciences were searched systematically. We reviewed 348 references, of which 17 studies met inclusion criteria with a total sample size of 28,905. Qualitative analysis indicated a negative association between social jetlag and adherence to healthy eating habits, including a negative association with empirically-derived healthy dietary patterns, Japanese dietary patterns, Baltic Sea dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet, as well as a positive association with Meat and Starchy dietary pattern. On the other hand, the findings on the link of social jetlag with food groups and nutrients were mixed and controversial, except for a more consistent increase in sugar-sweetened beverages, total fat, and saturated fat intake. Our results indicate a possible link between social jetlag and dietary intake. Research suggests that individuals experiencing greater social jetlag exhibit reduced adherence to a healthy eating pattern. However, it is important to note that the reported association lacks consensus, emphasizing the need for additional longitudinal studies to gain further insights into this matter."
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Elham Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Short sleep and social jetlag are associated with higher intakes of non-milk extrinsic sugars, and social jetlag is associated with lower fibre intakes in those with adequate sleep duration: a cross-sectional analysis from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (Years 1-9). Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:2570-2581. [PMID: 35039109 PMCID: PMC9991673 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations and interactions between sleep duration and social jetlag status with nutrient intake, nutrient status, body composition and cardio-metabolic risk factors in a nationally representative UK adult population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using 4-d food diary and self-reported sleep data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme 2008-2017. SETTING UK free-living population. SUBJECTS Totally, 5015 adults aged 19-64 years. RESULTS Thirty-four per cent were short sleepers (< 7 h); 7 % slept ≥ 9 h; 14 % had > 2 h difference in average sleep duration between weeknights and weekend nights (social jetlag). Compared to those reporting optimal sleep duration (≥ 7-< 9 h), short sleep was associated with higher intakes of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) (0·9 % energy, 95 % CI: 0·4, 1·4), total carbohydrate (0·8 % energy, 95 % CI: 0·2, 1·4) and a lower non-starch polysaccharides fibre intake (-0·5 g/d, 95 % CI -0·8, -0·2). There was a significant interaction between short sleep and social jetlag for fibre intakes, where adequate sleepers with social jetlag as well as all short sleepers (regardless of social jetlag) had lower fibre intakes than adequate sleepers with no social jetlag. Short sleep, but not social jetlag, was associated with greater adiposity, but there were no differences in other markers of cardiometabolic disease risk. CONCLUSIONS The present study reports that both short sleep and social jetlag are associated with higher intakes of NMES, but only sleep duration is associated with markers of adiposity. Social jetlag was associated with lower fibre intakes even in individuals with adequate weekly sleep duration, suggesting catch-up sleep does not prevent the adverse impact of irregular sleep habits on food choices.
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Velazquez-Kronen R, Millen AE, Ochs-Balcom HM, Mnatsakanova A, Gu JK, Andrew M, Violanti J. Sleep Quality and Dietary Patterns in an Occupational Cohort of Police Officers. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:543-555. [PMID: 34304645 PMCID: PMC8786972 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1954925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between self-reported sleep quality, sleep duration, and dietary patterns among police officers in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Stress (BCOPS) study.422 police officers aged 21-74 (2004-2009).We used a cross-sectional study design and obtained sleep quality and duration from responses to the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Using 46 energy-adjusted food groups derived from a 125-item food frequency questionnaire, we identified dietary patterns using exploratory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations of sleep quality and duration with the derived dietary patterns.We identified major dietary patterns: fruits and vegetables (FV), dairy products, starches and fried foods, and meat and eggs. Individuals with poor sleep quality had a lower average FV score than those with optimal sleep (β [SE] = -0.32 [0.13]; p = .01). Significant interactions were observed between sex and the FV and dairy products dietary patterns, where women with poor sleep quality had a lower mean FV score compared to women with optimal sleep quality (β [SE] = -0.81 [0.29]; p = .01). Women with < 6 hours sleep duration had a lower mean dairy score compared to women with ≥ 7 hours sleep duration (β [SE] = -0.69 [0.29]; p = .02). We did not observe these associations among men.Among women, good sleep quality and long sleep duration were associated with a dietary pattern high in consumption of both fruits and vegetables and dairy products.Abbreviations: BCOPS: Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Stress study; BMI: body mass index; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; FV: fruits and vegetables; KMO: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test; MET: metabolic equivalent of task score; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010068. [PMID: 31861810 PMCID: PMC6981497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype reflects an individual’s preferred time of the day for an activity/rest cycle and individuals can be classified as a morning, intermediate, or evening type. A growing number of studies have examined the relationship between chronotype and general health. This review aimed to map current evidence of the association between chronotype and dietary intake among the adult population. A systematic search was conducted across five databases: EBSCO Host, Medline & Ovid, Pubmed, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects (more than 18 years old), and included an assessment of (i) chronotype, (ii) dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake, and (iii) an analysis of the association between chronotype and dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake. A total of 36 studies were included in the review. This review incorporated studies from various study designs, however, the majority of these studies were based on a cross-sectional design (n = 29). Dietary outcomes were categorized into three main groups, namely dietary behaviour, nutrient intake, and specific food group intake. This scoping review demonstrates that evening-type individuals are mostly engaged with unhealthy dietary habits related to obesity and were thus hampered in the case of weight loss interventions. Hence, this review has identified several dietary aspects that can be addressed in the development of a personalised chrono-nutrition weight loss intervention.
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Theorell-Haglöw J, Lemming EW, Michaëlsson K, Elmståhl S, Lind L, Lindberg E. Sleep duration is associated with healthy diet scores and meal patterns: results from the population-based EpiHealth study. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 16:9-18. [PMID: 31957658 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate relationships between sleep duration and adherence to healthy diets, but also associations with meal patterns, in a large population-based cohort. METHODS Participants (n = 23,829, males and females, aged 45 to 75 years) from the Swedish EpiHealth cohort study were included in a cross-sectional analysis. The participants filled out an extensive Internet-based questionnaire, and also visited a test center for anthropometric measurements and blood sampling. Sleep duration was classified as short (< 6 h/night; n = 1,862), normal (6 to less fewer than 9 h/night; n = 19,907) and long sleep (≥ 9 h/night; n = 858). In addition, a combination variable of sleep duration (short/normal/long) and sleep quality (good/poor) was constructed, giving six categories. Adherence to a healthy diet was assessed using the modified Mediterranean diet (mMED) score and the Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) score based on food groups from a food frequency questionnaire. A regular meal pattern was considered if the participant had breakfast, lunch and dinner on a daily basis. RESULTS Compared with normal sleepers, short sleepers displayed lower adherence to a healthy diet when using both the mMED score (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.88) and the HNFI score (0.70; 0.56-0.88). When combining sleep duration and sleep quality, short sleepers with poor sleep quality showed an independent relationship with low adherence to a healthy diet (0.67; 0.52-0.86) compared with normal sleepers with good sleep quality. In addition, both short sleepers (0.71; 0.62-0.82) and long sleepers (0.75; 0.62-0.91) showed low adherence to regular meal patterns, compared with normal sleepers. Furthermore, short sleepers with poor sleep quality had reduced odds of having a regular meal pattern (0.67; 0.57-0.79) as compared with normal sleepers with good sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration combined with poor sleep quality is associated with low adherence to a healthy diet and regular meal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Theorell-Haglöw
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Warensjö Lemming
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Sweden and CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Çakir B, Nişancı Kılınç F, Özata Uyar G, Özenir Ç, Ekici EM, Karaismailoğlu E. The relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality and dietary intake in adults. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-019-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Henst RHP, Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Rae DE. The effects of sleep extension on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12865. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob H. P. Henst
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Paula R. Pienaar
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Laura C. Roden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Science University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Dale E. Rae
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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9
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Tachikawa R, Ikeda K, Minami T, Matsumoto T, Hamada S, Murase K, Tanizawa K, Inouchi M, Oga T, Akamizu T, Mishima M, Chin K. Changes in Energy Metabolism after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:729-38. [PMID: 26930227 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2314oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Disrupted energy homeostasis in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to weight gain. Paradoxically, treating OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may also promote weight gain, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the underlying mechanism by which patients with OSA gain weight after CPAP. METHODS A comprehensive assessment of energy metabolism was performed in 63 newly diagnosed OSA study participants (51 men; 60.8 ± 10.1 yr; apnea-hypopnea index >20 h(-1)) at baseline, CPAP initiation, and at a 3-month follow-up. Measurements included polysomnography, body weight, body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), hormones (norepinephrine, cortisol, leptin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-1), dietary intake, eating behavior, and physical activity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS BMR significantly decreased after CPAP (1,584 kcal/d at baseline, 1,561 kcal/d at CPAP initiation, and 1,508 kcal/d at follow-up; P < 0.001), whereas physical activity and total caloric intake did not significantly change. In multivariate regression, baseline apnea-hypopnea index, Δurine norepinephrine, and CPAP adherence were significant predictors of ΔBMR. The weight gainers had higher leptin levels, lower ghrelin levels, and higher eating behavior scores than the non-weight gainers, indicating a positive energy balance and disordered eating behavior among the weight gainers. Among the parameters related to energy metabolism, increased caloric intake was a particularly significant predictor of weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Although a reduction in BMR after CPAP predisposes to a positive energy balance, dietary intake and eating behavior had greater impacts on weight change. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle modifications combined with CPAP. Clinical trial registered with http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/ (UMIN000012639).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- 2 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Kiminobu Tanizawa
- 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the
| | - Morito Inouchi
- 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the
| | - Toru Oga
- 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the
| | - Takashi Akamizu
- 4 First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Chin
- 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the
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Georges M, Mouillot T, Lombard S, Pénicaud L, Brondel L. La privation de sommeil fait grossir : mythe ou réalité ? NUTR CLIN METAB 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Chang MW, Brown R, Nitzke S, Smith B, Eghtedary K. Stress, sleep, depression and dietary intakes among low-income overweight and obese pregnant women. Matern Child Health J 2016; 19:1047-59. [PMID: 25102810 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the mediating roles of sleep and depression on the relationships between stress, fat intake, and fruit and vegetable intake among low-income overweight and obese pregnant women by trimesters. Participants (N = 213) completed a self-administered survey including stress (exogenous variable), depression, sleep (mediators), fat intake, and fruit and vegetable intake (endogenous variables). Path analysis was performed to compare mediation effects among pregnant women in each trimester. Consistently across three trimesters, stress was related to depression but not sleep duration, night time sleep disturbance, sleep quality, sleep latency or fat intake. Sleep duration was not associated with depression. Depending on trimester, night time sleep disturbance, sleep quality, and sleep latency were related to depression; night time sleep disturbance and depression affected fat intake; stress influenced fruit and vegetable intake. Sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep quality, sleep latency and depression did not mediate the relationships between stress, fat intake, and fruit and vegetable intake in the second and third trimesters. However, depression mediated the relationship between stress and fat intake in the first trimester. Stress management interventions may help low-income overweight and obese pregnant women decrease depressive symptoms and therefore contribute to overall nutritional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Wei Chang
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, RM C346, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA,
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12
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Khawaja O, Petrone AB, Aleem S, Manzoor K, Gaziano JM, Djousse L. Sleep duration and risk of lung cancer in the physicians' health study. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2016; 17:649-55. [PMID: 25248705 PMCID: PMC4412147 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cancer related cause of death worldwide. However, the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer has not been investigated in a prospective cohort study. Methods We prospectively examined the association between sleep duration and incident lung cancer in a cohort of 21, 026 United States (US) male physicians. Self-reported sleep duration was ascertained during 2002 annual follow-up questionnaire. Incident lung cancer was ascertained through yearly follow-up questionnaires. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risk of incident lung cancer. Results The average age at baseline was 68.3±8.8 yr. During a mean follow up of 7.5 (±2.2) yr, 150 cases of lung cancer occurred. Using 7 h of sleep as the reference group, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95%CI) for lung cancer were 1.18 (0.77-1.82), 1.0 (ref), and 0.97 (0.67-1.41) from lowest to the highest category of sleep duration (P for quadratic trend 0.697), respectively. In a secondary analysis, smoking status did not modify the sleep duration-lung cancer association (P=0.78). Tere was no evidence for an interaction between sleep duration and sleep apnea on the risk of lung cancer either (P=0.65). Conclusions Our data failed to show a higher risk of lung cancer in association with altered sleep duration among US male physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Khawaja
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA
| | - Andrew B Petrone
- Divisions of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sohaib Aleem
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA
| | - Kamran Manzoor
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- Divisions of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA;Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA
| | - Luc Djousse
- Divisions of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA;Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, USA
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14
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Rangaraj VR, Knutson KL. Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities. Sleep Med 2016; 18:19-35. [PMID: 26431758 PMCID: PMC4758899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic diseases, which include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, are associated with reduced quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Unfortunately, there are racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities associated with these diseases such that minority populations, such as African Americans and Hispanics, and those of lower socioeconomic status, experience a greater burden. Several reports have indicated that there are differences in sleep duration and quality that mirror the disparities in cardiometabolic disease. The goal of this paper is to review the association between sleep and cardiometabolic disease risk because of the possibility that suboptimal sleep may partially mediate the cardiometabolic disease disparities. METHODS We review both experimental studies that have restricted sleep duration or impaired sleep quality and examined biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk, including glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation and food intake, and immune function. We also review observational studies that have examined the association between habitual sleep duration and quality, and the prevalence or risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION Many experimental and observational studies do support an association between suboptimal sleep and increased cardiometabolic disease risk.
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15
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Dashti HS, Scheer FAJL, Jacques PF, Lamon-Fava S, Ordovás JM. Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:648-59. [PMID: 26567190 PMCID: PMC4642416 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Links between short sleep duration and obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease may be mediated through changes in dietary intake. This review provides an overview of recent epidemiologic studies on the relations between habitual short sleep duration and dietary intake in adults from 16 cross-sectional studies. The studies have observed consistent associations between short sleep duration and higher total energy intake and higher total fat intake, and limited evidence for lower fruit intake, and lower quality diets. Evidence also suggests that short sleepers may have irregular eating behavior deviating from the traditional 3 meals/d to fewer main meals and more frequent, smaller, energy-dense, and highly palatable snacks at night. Although the impact of short sleep duration on dietary intake tends to be small, if chronic, it may contribute to an increased risk of obesity and related chronic disease. Mechanisms mediating the associations between sleep duration and dietary intake are likely to be multifactorial and include differences in the appetite-related hormones leptin and ghrelin, hedonic pathways, extended hours for intake, and altered time of intake. Taking into account these epidemiologic relations and the evidence for causal relations between sleep loss and metabolism and cardiovascular function, health promotion strategies should emphasize improved sleep as an additional factor in health and weight management. Moreover, future sleep interventions in controlled studies and sleep extension trials in chronic short sleepers are imperative for establishing whether there is a causal relation between short sleep duration and changes in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank AJL Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA;,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory,,Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain;,Madrid Institutes of Advanced Research, Madrid, Spain
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Habitual sleep variability, mediated by nutrition intake, is associated with abdominal obesity in adolescents. Sleep Med 2015; 16:1489-94. [PMID: 26611945 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate habitual sleep duration (HSD) and habitual sleep variability (HSV) in relation to abdominal obesity and nutrient intake as mediating factors in adolescents. METHODS We analyzed data from 305 adolescents who participated in the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up examination. An actigraphy device was used for seven consecutive nights to calculate HSD and HSV. Abdominal obesity was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to obtain daily total caloric, protein, fat, and carbohydrates intakes. Linear regression models were used to associate HSD and HSV with abdominal obesity and to qualitatively identify mediating factors. The mediating effect was quantitatively estimated by mediation models. RESULTS After adjusting for major covariates and HSD, higher HSV was significantly associated with abdominal obesity measures. For example, with 1-hour increase in HSV, android/gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat area increased by 0.02 cm(2) (standard error = 0.01, p = 0.03) and 6.86 cm(2) (standard error = 2.82, p = 0.02), respectively. HSD was not associated with abdominal obesity in HSV-adjusted models. Total caloric, fat, and carbohydrate intakes were significant mediating factors. For instance, 20% of the association between HSV and visceral fat can be attributed to carbohydrate intake. CONCLUSIONS Higher HSV, not HSD, is significantly associated with abdominal obesity, which can be partially explained by increased caloric intake, especially from carbohydrate, in adolescents. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to establish and maintain regular sleep patterns in adolescents.
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Zanuto EAC, de Lima MCS, de Araújo RG, da Silva EP, Anzolin CC, Araujo MYC, Codogno JS, Christofaro DGD, Fernandes RA. Sleep disturbances in adults in a city of Sao Paulo state. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2015; 18:42-53. [PMID: 25651010 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201500010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the occurrence of sleep-related disorders among adults from Presidente Prudente, Brazil, as well as to identify associations with behavioral, socio-demographic and nutritional status variables. METHODS After random selection of the sample, interviews were performed with 743 adults of both genders, living in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. Sleep-related disorders, demographic variables (sex, age, ethnicity and schooling), behavioral variables (leisure physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking) and nutritional status were analyzed by questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep-related disorders was 46.7%, with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 43.1 - 50.2. In the multivariate analysis, female sex, with odds ratio (OR) 1.74 (95%CI 1.26 - 2.40), schooling (OR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.28 - 0.82), overweight (OR = 1.99; 95%CI 1.39 - 2.85) and obesity (OR = 2.90; 95%CI 1.94 - 4.35) were associated with sleep-related disorders. CONCLUSION There is high occurrence of sleep-related disorders in this sample, which was associated with female sex, lower schooling, overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Alex Carvalho Zanuto
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Manoel Carlos Spiguel de Lima
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Gavassa de Araújo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Pereira da Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Caroline Cristina Anzolin
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Monique Yndawe Castanho Araujo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
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Tada Y, Kawano Y, Maeda I, Yoshizaki T, Sunami A, Yokoyama Y, Matsumoto H, Hida A, Komatsu T, Togo F. Association of body mass index with lifestyle and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2489-93. [PMID: 25251576 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher body mass index (BMI) values have been reported in rotating shift workers compared with regular daytime workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedule and BMI, and considers whether lifestyle habits could explain the relationship. METHODS Japanese female nurses (1179 day workers and 1579 rotating shift workers, aged 20-59) were studied using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed height, weight, and dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep (lifestyle) habits. RESULTS The BMI of shift workers was significantly higher than that of day workers. Shift workers consumed significantly higher amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages and slept for significantly shorter durations on nights between days on the day shift compared with day workers-factors which were also independently associated with higher BMI. In addition, multivariable linear regression coefficients for BMI showed a significant correlation with rotating shift work (β = 0.051), after controlling for lifestyle habits. CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and shorter sleep duration were associated with rotating shift work and higher BMI. This should be taken into consideration in preventing obesity in real-life shift work situations. Other shift work-related factors, such as abnormal timing of meals and/or sleep, should also be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tada
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
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Effects of Emotional Eating and Short Sleep Duration on Weight Gain in Female Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:659-66. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Patterson RE, Emond JA, Natarajan L, Wesseling-Perry K, Kolonel LN, Jardack P, Ancoli-Israel S, Arab L. Short sleep duration is associated with higher energy intake and expenditure among African-American and non-Hispanic white adults. J Nutr 2014; 144:461-6. [PMID: 24523490 PMCID: PMC3952622 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.186890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitual short sleep duration appears to increase the risk of obesity. The objective of this paper is to investigate the association of habitual sleep duration with objective measures of energy balance. One hundred twelve African-American and 111 non-Hispanic whites aged 21-69 y participated in a cross-sectional study of dietary assessment and biomarkers. Participants reported the mean number of hours per day spent sleeping over the past year. Short sleep duration was defined as ≤6 h/d of sleep. Energy intake (kilocalories) was objectively assessed using the 2-point doubly labeled water technique to determine total energy expenditure, which is approximately equal to energy intake. Physical activity energy expenditure (kilocalories) was estimated as total energy expenditure minus each participant's calculated basal metabolic rate and the thermogenic effect of food. Compared with participants who slept ≤6 h, individuals who slept 8 h were significantly less likely to be obese (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.79). However, this association was not linear across 6-9 h of sleep (P-trend = 0.16). There was an inverse association between sleep and energy intake (P-trend = 0.07): compared with ≤6 h/d, adults who reported ≥9 h sleep consumed 178 fewer kcal/d. There was also an inverse association between sleep and physical activity (P-trend = 0.05): compared with ≤6 h/d of sleep, adults who reported 9 h of usual sleep expended 113 fewer kcal/d in physical activity. These data indicate that, compared with longer sleep duration, adults who report habitual short sleep duration have somewhat higher physical activity energy expenditure but considerably higher energy intake. Habitual short sleep duration appears to be 1 of the facets of modern life leading to a mismatch between energy intake and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Patterson
- Moores University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center and,Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Jennifer A. Emond
- Moores University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center and,Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Moores University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center and,Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Moores University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center and,Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA
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Dweck JS, Jenkins SM, Nolan LJ. The role of emotional eating and stress in the influence of short sleep on food consumption. Appetite 2013; 72:106-13. [PMID: 24148250 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Short sleep duration is associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) and increased energy consumption. The present studies were conducted to determine what role emotional eating and stress might play in these relationships. The first was an exploratory questionnaire study in which sleep quality and duration were measured in conjunction with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 184 women. Emotional and external eating scores were significantly higher in those who reported poor sleep quality (but were not related to sleep duration). In a second study of 64 women who were provided with snacks in the laboratory under stressed and control conditions, elevated food consumption was observed in those who scored high on emotional eating and who reported short sleep (a significant stress × emotional eating × sleep duration interaction) but not in those who reported poor sleep quality. No effects were found in liking or wanting of food and few effects were found on appetite. BMI was not related to sleep duration or sleep quality in either study. The results suggest that the relationship between short sleep and elevated food consumption exists in those who are prone to emotional eating. An external stressor elevated consumption in normal sleepers to the level observed in short sleepers, however, it did not significantly elevate consumption in short sleepers. Future examinations of the effects of sleep duration and quality on food consumption should examine emotional eating status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Dweck
- Department of Psychology, Wagner College, 1 Campus Rd., Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
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