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Joshi V, Graziani P, Del-Monte J. Bodily sensations and bariatric surgery: Links between interoceptive sensibility, intuitive and disordered eating behaviour in obesity and obesity surgery. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:514-523. [PMID: 38288998 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated interoceptive sensibility, intuitive and disordered eating among bariatric candidates, operated individuals and individuals with obesity seeking non-surgical treatment. METHOD We recruited 57 individuals with obesity seeking nonsurgical weight-loss (IOB), 84 bariatric candidates (Pre) and 22 individuals post-bariatric surgery (Post) who responded to questionnaires: Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Binge Eating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory. RESULTS Overall, the Post group manifested higher scores on 'Body-Listening' (F = 4.95, p = 0.01), 'Emotional Awareness' (F = 8.83, p < 0.001) and 'Trusting' (F = 6.71, p = 0.002) interoceptive dimensions, on the IES-2 total score (F = 5.48, p = 0.007) and 'Reliance on hunger and satiety cues' (F = 31.3, p < 0.001) when age was controlled. The IOB group presented higher scores on emotional (F = 3.23, p = 0.047) and binge eating (F = 5.99, p = 0.004). Among operated individuals, intuitive eating mediated the relationship between interoceptive sensibility dimensions and binge eating: 'Attention regulation' (54%) 'Self-regulation' (75.1%), 'Body listening' (94.09%) and 'Trusting' (84.9%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the therapeutic potential of interoceptive sensibility and intuitive eating in obesity management in/beyond the bariatric context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutti Joshi
- Team ENACT, University of Nîmes, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Aix-Marseille University, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- Team ENACT, University of Nîmes, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Aix-Marseille University, France
| | - Jonathan Del-Monte
- Team ENACT, University of Nîmes, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Aix-Marseille University, France
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Woo JM, Lee GE, Lee JH. Attentional bias for high-calorie food cues by the level of hunger and satiety in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149864. [PMID: 37521694 PMCID: PMC10372423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal hyperreactivity to food cues in individuals with binge eating behaviors could be regulated by hedonic or reward-based system, overriding the homeostatic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether attentional bias for food cues is affected by the level of hunger, maintaining the normal homeostatic system in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Methods A total of 116 female participants were recruited and divided into four groups: hungry-binge eating group (BE) (n = 29), satiated BE (n = 29), hungry-control (n = 29), satiated control (n = 29). While participants completed a free-viewing task on high or low-calorie food cues, visual attentional processes were recorded using an eye tracker. Results The results revealed that BE group showed longer initial fixation duration toward high-calorie food cues in both hunger and satiety condition in the early stage, whereas the control group showed longer initial fixation duration toward high-calorie food cues only in hunger conditions. Moreover, in the late stage, the BE group stared more at the high-calorie food cue, compared to control group regardless of hunger and satiety. Discussion The findings suggest that automatic attentional bias for food cues in individuals with binge eating behaviors occurred without purpose or awareness is not affected by the homeostatic system, while strategic attention is focused on high-calorie food. Therefore, the attentional processing of food cues in binge eating group is regulated by hedonic system rather than homeostatic system, leading to vulnerability to binge eating.
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Mueller-Stierlin AS, Peisser A, Cornet S, Jaeckle S, Lehle J, Moerkl S, Teasdale SB. Exploration of Perceived Determinants of Disordered Eating Behaviors in People with Mental Illness-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:442. [PMID: 36612764 PMCID: PMC9819820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating behaviors are common in people with a serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. This study employed qualitative exploration to understand the perceived determinants of eating behaviors, in particular those connected to disordered eating patterns, in people with SMI. In total, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a consecutive sample of people with SMI under treatment in local mental health services in Australia (n = 12), Germany (n = 8) and Austria (n = 8) (mean age: 43.3 years, proportion of female participants: 61%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F2 diagnosis: 57%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F3 diagnosis: 64%). A thematic analysis approach, the framework method, was applied using MAXQDA 2020. Three main themes of determinants were derived: (i) impacts to daily functioning, (ii) disrupted physical hunger cues and (iii) emotional hunger. For impacts to daily functioning, the following themes emerged: lack of daily structure, time and drive, and difficulty planning ahead. For physical hunger, themes emerged for disrupted hunger and satiety cues, and mindless eating. All motives listed in the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), i.e., coping, reward, social and conformity, have been reported by participants to be drivers for their emotional eating behavior. Subsequent reported behaviors were eating too much or too little, binge eating, night eating and food cravings. We conclude that interprofessional approaches should target daily functioning, disrupted physical hunger cues and emotional eating to reduce disordered eating behaviors in people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S. Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Ulm University Hospital, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Peisser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Cornet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Selina Jaeckle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Moerkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Scott B. Teasdale
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Hilbert A, Staerk C, Strömer A, Mansfeld T, Sander J, Seyfried F, Kaiser S, Dietrich A, Mayr A. Nonnormative Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorders and Their Associations With Weight Loss and Quality of Life During 6 Years Following Obesity Surgery. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2226244. [PMID: 35951326 PMCID: PMC9372790 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Individuals with severe obesity presenting for obesity surgery (OS) frequently show nonnormative eating behaviors (NEBs) and eating disorders (EDs), but the long-term course and prospective associations with weight loss and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and prospective relevance of presurgical and postsurgical NEBs and EDs according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, diagnosed through clinical interview, for weight loss and HRQOL up to 6 years following OS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In the prospective, multicenter Psychosocial Registry for Obesity Surgery cohort study, patients seeking OS were recruited at 6 OS centers in Germany and assessed at baseline before surgery and at 6 months and 1 to 6 years after surgery. From a consecutive sample of 1040 volunteers with planned OS from March 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020, a total of 748 (71.92%) were included in this study. Across follow-up, 93 of the 748 patients (12.43%) dropped out. Data were analyzed from April to November 2021. INTERVENTIONS Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Both NEBs and EDs were identified using the Eating Disorder Examination interview. Main outcomes were the percentage of total body weight loss (%TBWL) and HRQOL (Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite; range, 0-100, with 0 indicating worst and 100 indicating best). RESULTS In 748 patients undergoing OS (mean [SD] age, 46.26 [11.44] years; mean [SD] body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 48.38 [8.09]; 513 [68.58%] female), the mean (SD) %TBWL was 26.70% (9.61%), and the mean (SD) HRQOL improvement was 35.41 (20.63) percentage points across follow-up. Both NEBs and EDs were common before surgery, with postsurgical improvements of varying degrees. Whereas NEBs and EDs did not reveal significant prospective associations with %TBWL, loss-of-control eating at follow-up was concurrently associated with lower %TBWL (estimate, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04). Loss-of-control eating (estimate, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.17 to -0.03 percentage points) and binge-eating disorder of low frequency and/or limited duration (estimate, -6.51; 95% CI, -12.69 to -0.34 percentage points) at follow-up showed significant prospective associations with lower HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study found prospective relevance of loss-of-control eating and binge-eating disorder of low frequency and/or limited duration for reduced long-term HRQOL following OS. These findings underline the importance of monitoring both NEBs, especially loss-of-control eating, and EDs in the long term postsurgically to identify patients in need of targeted prevention or psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Staerk
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Strömer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Mansfeld
- Department of General Surgery, Asklepios Clinic, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Sander
- Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Obesity Clinic, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Visceral, Pediatric and Vascular Surgery, Hospital Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Department of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Khosravi M. Biopsychosocial factors associated with disordered eating behaviors in schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:67. [PMID: 33292324 PMCID: PMC7697367 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent hypotheses have suggested that schizophrenic patients are more likely to consume unhealthy foods, causing increased rates of mortality and morbidity associated with metabolic syndrome. This raises the need for more in-depth research on disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in schizophrenic patients. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate biopsychosocial factors associated with DEBs in schizophrenia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 308 participants (including 83 subjects in the active phase of schizophrenia, 71 subjects in the remission phase of schizophrenia, and 154 control subjects) were recruited through convenience sampling among patients who referred to the Baharan Psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Patients were assessed through Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Data were analyzed using SPSS v25 software. Further, the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of DEBs was 41.5% in schizophrenic patients (vs. 10.3% in the control group, p = 0.012). No significant difference was observed in the EAT-26 scores based on gender and phases of schizophrenia. According to multiple linear regression analysis, lack of psychosocial rehabilitation, use of atypical antipsychotics, early stages of psychosis, high level of anxiety and depression, expression of more active psychotic symptoms, tobacco smoking, and suffering from type 2 diabetes were all associated with increased development of DEBs among schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSIONS Since the occurrence of DEBs is independent of different phases of schizophrenia, the risk of DEBs is required to be evaluated during the entire course of schizophrenia especially at earlier stages of schizophrenia. Moreover, the use of psychosocial interventions, treatment of affective disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression), antipsychotic medication switching, treatment of tobacco smoking and type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of DEBs among schizophrenic patients. However, further investigations are required to prove the actual roles of the above factors in developing DEBs among schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9813913777, Zahedan, Iran.
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Su Y, Rao W, D'Arcy C. Depression risk and body mass index among immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: results from the Canadian Community Health Surveys, 2010-2014. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1283-1295. [PMID: 32222875 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of the depression in the general population, but it is unknown whether this relationship applies equally to immigrants as well as non-immigrants. Furthermore, the nature of the relationship is uncertain, is it direct or curvilinear? The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between body mass index and major depressive episode among immigrants and non-immigrants. METHODS To provide more statistically robust data, a series of cross-sectional health surveys of the Canadian population for the 5 years 2010-2014 were pooled to increase the number of immigrants in the study. Restricted cubic splines analysis was used to examine the nature of the association. RESULTS Immigrants had lower 12-month depression and obesity prevalence rates than non-immigrants. In addition, it was found that non-immigrants were more likely to develop depression than immigrants, OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16-1.67). Obese respondents were more likely to develop depression than normal weight respondents in both immigrant (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.32) and non-immigrant groups (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.32). A significant nonlinear elongated J-shaped association between obesity and depression was found for both immigrants and non-immigrants with increased risk of depression in obese individuals. CONCLUSION Culture-specific, clinical-based interventions should be developed to improve the early identification, treatment and recovery of individuals with a high BMI particularly among those with BMIs in the obese range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wenwang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Wolf NM, Elklit A. Child Maltreatment and Disordered Eating in Adulthood: a Mediating Role of PTSD and Self-Esteem? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:21-32. [PMID: 32318225 PMCID: PMC7163900 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-018-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated relationships between different experiences of child maltreatment (CM) and disordered eating (DE) in a large population-based sample of Danish young adults. Participants completed a structured interview comprising socio-demographic, psychological and physical domains. Questions regarding CM, DE, PTSD symptoms and self-esteem were analyzed using chi-square-tests, ANOVAs, hierarchical regression, and multiple mediation analyses. Participants with a history of CM experienced higher levels of DE than non-abused individuals. PTSD symptoms and self-esteem appeared to differentially mediate the relationship between three classes of CM and DE. Whereas the relation between emotional and sexual abuse with DE was partially mediated via participants' level of PTSD symptoms and self-esteem with emotional abuse having a stronger impact on self-esteem and sexual abuse more strongly influencing PTSD symptoms, the relation between polyvictimization and DE was fully mediated by PTSD and self-esteem, mainly due to the indirect effect via PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Marie Wolf
- National Center of Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Present Address: Alexianer Center of Psychotraumatology, Michaelshovener Str. 11, 50999 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Center of Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Rostami H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Tavakoli H, Bagherniya M, Mirmousavi SJ, Farahmand SK, Tayefi M, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. The relationship between adherence to a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and insomnia. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 31362734 PMCID: PMC6668174 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a DASH- style diet has been reported to be associated with several health-related outcomes. A limited number of reports suggest that diet is an important behavioral determinant of insomnia. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between adherence to a DASH diet and the prevalence of insomnia in adolescent girls. METHODS A total of 488 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years old were recruited from different regions of Khorasan Razavi in northeastern of Iran, using a random cluster sampling method. DASH scores were determined according to the method of Fung et al. A validated Iranian version of the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire was used to assess sleep insomnia. To assess the association between the DASH dietary pattern and insomnia, we applied logistic regression analysis in crude and adjusted models. RESULTS As may be expected, participants in the upper quintile of the DASH diet had significantly higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy products, fish and nuts and lower consumption of refined grains, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. We found that a high adherence to a DASH-style diet was associated with a lower odds of insomnia (OR: 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-1.00) compared with those with lowest adherence. Similar results were found after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse association between adherence to DASH dietary patterns and insomnia. Further prospective studies are required to demonstrate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostami
- 0000 0000 9975 294Xgrid.411521.2Health research center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- 0000 0000 9975 294Xgrid.411521.2Health research center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Tavakoli
- 0000 0000 9975 294Xgrid.411521.2Health research center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- 0000 0001 1498 685Xgrid.411036.1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Mirmousavi
- 0000 0004 0610 7204grid.412328.eCommunity Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Medical School, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Farahmand
- 0000 0001 2198 6209grid.411583.aTraditional Medicine Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- 0000 0001 2198 6209grid.411583.aDepartment of Cardiovascular, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran. .,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Rao WW, Zhang JW, Zong QQ, An FR, Ungvari GS, Balbuena L, Yang FY, Xiang YT. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in overweight and obese children and adolescents in mainland China: A meta-analysis of comparative studies and epidemiological surveys. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:26-34. [PMID: 30826491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a higher risk of depression in children and adolescents. This is a meta-analysis of studies examining depressive symptoms in overweight and obese children and adolescents in China. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed independently in both English (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Medline Complete) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Internet, WANFANG Data and WeiPu VIP) databases from their commencement date to December 31, 2018. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms was calculated using a random-effects model. Data analyses were performed with STATA Version 12.0, R Version 3.3.0 and R Studio Version 0.99.903. RESULTS Twenty-two epidemiological and 18 comparative studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.02% (95% CI: 15.92%-33.16%) in obese children and adolescents and 22.61% (95% CI: 14.87%-31.34%) in overweigh children and adolescents. Obese children and adolescents were more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (OR = 1.877, 95% CI: 1.459-2.415, P < 0.001) than their non-obese counterparts. The use of different screening scales for depressive symptoms was significantly associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are common in overweight and obese children and adolescents in China. Obese, but not overweight children and adolescents had higher risk of depressive symptoms. In order to lessen the risk of depressive symptoms, regular screening and effective interventions should be implemented to reduce obesity and overweight in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ji-Wen Zhang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zong
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lloyd Balbuena
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Fang-Yu Yang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A Weydert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Health System, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Melanie L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, 2525 Chicago Avenue South, Suite 32-T5, Minneapolis, MN 55304, USA
| | - Hilary McClafferty
- Department of Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, PO Box 245153, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Ferreira Pinto T, Carvalhedo de Bruin PF, Sales de Bruin VM, Ney Lemos F, Azevedo Lopes FH, Marcos Lopes P. Effects of bariatric surgery on night eating and depressive symptoms: a prospective study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1057-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Kolko RP, Emery RL, Marcus MD, Levine MD. Loss of control over eating before and during early pregnancy among community women with overweight and obesity. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:582-586. [PMID: 27662100 PMCID: PMC5364072 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence of and changes in loss of control over eating (LOC) among pregnant women with overweight/obesity, along with associations between LOC and depressive symptoms and stress. METHOD Community women (N = 200; body mass index ≥ 25; 12-20 weeks gestation) reported LOC before and during early pregnancy using the Eating Disorder Examination, which was adapted for administration in pregnancy. Women self-reported depressive symptoms and stress during early pregnancy. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent (n = 56) of women reported LOC before or during early pregnancy: 14.5% (n = 29) reported LOC incidence during early pregnancy, 9.5% (n = 19) reported LOC persistence from prepregnancy to early pregnancy, and 4.0% (n = 8) reported LOC prepregnancy only. Women with LOC reported more depressive symptoms and stress than did those without. Women with LOC persistence reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and elevated stress. Levels of depressive symptoms and stress differed between women with LOC persistence and those without LOC (ps < 0.05). DISCUSSION LOC during pregnancy was prevalent and associated with distress, particularly when present before and during pregnancy. Among women with LOC, few reported remission, but one-half reported onset during early pregnancy. Longitudinal studies are needed among mothers with overweight/obesity to identify patterns of LOC throughout pregnancy and how LOC affects perinatal outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:582-586).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P. Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - Marsha D. Marcus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Michele D. Levine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Richter F, Strauss B, Braehler E, Adametz L, Berger U. Screening disordered eating in a representative sample of the German population: Usefulness and psychometric properties of the German SCOFF questionnaire. Eat Behav 2017; 25:81-88. [PMID: 27354266 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of eating disorders and the identification of high-risk individuals are essential for the public health sector. There is need for sensitive and specific screening instruments of disordered eating that can be applied in universal samples as an initial step into disease prevention. The SCOFF is a screening instrument for disordered eating, frequently used in international and cross-cultural contexts to detect individuals at risk. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether the SCOFF can be used as a screening tool for disordered eating in universal samples. This is the first study which examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the SCOFF in a general population sample. A representative sample (N=2527) of the German population, aged 14-95years, was recruited. Psychometric properties were determined including reliability, concurrent and construct validity, and factor structure. The prevalence of disordered eating was assessed. The prevalence of disordered eating in the general population was 10%. Using the established cutoff point of ≥2, values for diagnostic accuracy were 26% (sensitivity), 97% (specificity), 80% (positive predictive value), and 74% (negative predictive value). Factorial analyses revealed an excellent model fit of a unidimensional model. Due to its low sensitivity and a high percentage of false negatives, there are limitations in using the German version of the SCOFF in general population samples with wide age ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Richter
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stoystr. 3, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stoystr. 3, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
| | - Elmar Braehler
- Leipzig University Hospital, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Universal Medical Center Mainz, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Luise Adametz
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stoystr. 3, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
| | - Uwe Berger
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stoystr. 3, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
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Schwartz DC, Nickow MS, Arseneau R, Gisslow MT. A Substance Called Food: Long-Term Psychodynamic Group Treatment for Compulsive Overeating. Int J Group Psychother 2016; 65:386-409. [PMID: 26076205 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.2015.65.3.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has proven difficult to treat. Many approaches neglect to address the deep-rooted underlying psychological issues. This paper describes a psychodynamically oriented approach to treating compulsive overeating as an addiction. Common to all addictions is a compulsion to consume a substance or engage in a behavior, a preoccupation with using behavior and rituals, and a lifestyle marked by an inability to manage the behavior and its harmful consequences. The approach represents a shift away from primarily medical models of intervention to integrated models focusing on the psychological underpinnings of obesity. Long-term psychodynamic group psychotherapy is recommended as a primary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia S Nickow
- Adjunct faculty at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology, and the Group Process Research Institute
| | - Ric Arseneau
- Clinical Associate Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Mary T Gisslow
- Student Health Service at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, and the Group Process Research Institute
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15
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Dashti HS, Mogensen KM. Recommending Small, Frequent Meals in the Clinical Care of Adults: A Review of the Evidence and Important Considerations. Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 32:365-377. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533616662995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S. Dashti
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kris M. Mogensen
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nigg JT, Johnstone JM, Musser ED, Long HG, Willoughby MT, Shannon J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and being overweight/obesity: New data and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 43:67-79. [PMID: 26780581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature has suggested that ADHD may be associated with increased risk of obesity. If so, this would have important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE To clarify the size of the association between ADHD and obesity and to evaluate key moderators of the association including medication, gender, age, and psychiatric comorbidity. METHOD Two preliminary studies are presented to supply critical additional data for the meta-analysis: a two-year longitudinal study of an ADHD case-control sample of 313 children aged 7-11, and a national survey study of 45,309 families in the United States using the 2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Formal meta-analysis was then conducted. The identification procedure yielded 43 studies, reporting 225 comparisons or effect sizes, studying 703,937 participants An overall effect size was estimated with a random effects model (after pooling within study using a modified fixed effects model). Effect size was then examined in relation to medication, gender, age, and psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS The new study of children revealed no reliable association of ADHD and body mass index at any age or time point. In the national survey, ADHD was associated with obesity only in adolescent girls but not in children or boys; this effect was statistically accounted for by covarying of depression and conduct disorder. In the meta-analysis, the composite effect size was OR=1.22 (95% CI=1.11-1.34); 22 studies provided effects with medication controlled, yielding a composite effect size of OR=1.30 (95% CI=1.12-1.50). Pooled across age the association without covariates was reliable in females (OR=1.19 [1.01-1.41]) but not males (OR=1.10 [0.95-1.23]) although males and females did not statistically differ. Pooled across gender, the association was significantly larger in adults (>18years) (OR=1.37 [1.19-1.58]) than in youth (OR=1.13 [1.00-1.27]), p=.04. CONCLUSIONS ADHD has a small overall association with obesity, but this effect is moderate in adults. The effect is likely to be of no clinical significance in children, possible clinical significance in adolescent girls with comorbid disorders, and of clinical relevance by adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| | | | - Erica D Musser
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Lefèvre H. [Obesity in adolescents: simple to diagnose, complex to treat]. SOINS. PEDIATRIE, PUERICULTURE 2015; 36:14-16. [PMID: 26381066 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity concerns 3 to 4% of adolescents between the ages of 11-18. It comes with multiple difficulties. On an immediate level, psychological suffering, the cause and consequence of a social malaise, favours the worsening of the obesity. To a lesser extent, somatic complications are either silent, or associated with a functional impact. Treatment is multi-disciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lefèvre
- Maison de Solenn-Maison des adolescents de Cochin (AP-HP), 97 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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18
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Donofry SD, Roecklein KA, Wildes JE, Miller MA, Flory JD, Manuck SB. COMT met allele differentially predicts risk versus severity of aberrant eating in a large community sample. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:513-8. [PMID: 25216558 PMCID: PMC4252581 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal dopamine (DA) transmission participates in the reinforcement of reward-driven behaviors like eating. Because catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) degrades DA and is expressed in the prefrontal cortex, variation in the COMT gene may modulate eating behavior. Previous studies have shown that the met allele of the COMT val158met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with Bulimia Nervosa (BN). The specific aim of this study was to test whether the met allele increased risk for, and severity of, eating disorder symptomatology in community volunteers. Caucasian adults (N=1003; 51.2% female) from the University of Pittsburgh Adult Health and Behavior Project (AHAB) were genotyped and completed the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses assessed genotype-dependent presence and severity of eating disorder symptomatology. The met allele was significantly associated with the presence of symptoms on the Bulimia subscale and the severity of Body Dissatisfaction scores. All EDI subscales significantly predicted BMI. To our knowledge, these are the first data indicating that the COMT met allele increases risk for some symptoms of disordered eating, while increasing severity of others, in a community sample. These novel findings may have important implications for understanding the etiology of heterogeneous disordered eating phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. Donofry
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +412 624 4315; fax: +412 624 4428.
| | - Kathryn A. Roecklein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan A. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janine D. Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B. Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yasoshima Y, Shimura T. A mouse model for binge-like sucrose overconsumption: Contribution of enhanced motivation for sweetener consumption. Physiol Behav 2014; 138:154-64. [PMID: 25446199 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral and neural features of binge-like sugar overconsumption have been studied using rat models. However, few mouse models are available to examine the interaction between neural and genetic underpinnings of bingeing. In the present study, we first aim to establish a simple mouse model of binge-like sucrose overconsumption using daytime limited access training in food-restricted male mice. Trained mice received 4-h limited access to both 0.5M sucrose solution and chow for 10 days. Three control groups received (1) 4-h sucrose and 20-h chow access, (2) 20-h sucrose and 4-h, or (3) 20-h chow access, respectively. Only the trained group showed progressively increased sucrose consumption during brief periods of time and developed binge-like excessive behavior. Next, we examined whether the present mouse model mimicked a human feature of binge eating known as "eating when not physically hungry." Trained mice consumed significantly more sucrose or non-caloric sweetener (saccharin) during post-training days even after they nocturnally consumed substantial chow prior to daytime sweetener access. In other trained groups, both a systemic administration of glucose and substantial chow consumption prior to the daytime limited sucrose access failed to reduce binge-like sucrose overconsumption. Our results suggest that even when caloric consumption is not necessarily required, limited access training shapes and triggers binge-like overconsumption of sweetened solution in trained mice. The binge-like behavior in trained mice may be mainly due to enhanced hedonic motivation for the sweetener's taste. The present study suggests that our mouse model for binge-like sugar overconsumption may mimic some human features of binge eating and can be used to investigate the roles of neural and genetic mechanisms in binge-like overconsumption of sweetened substances in the absence of physical hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Yasoshima
- Division of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human Science, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimura
- Division of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human Science, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Wu T, Guo A, Shu Q, Qi Y, Kong Y, Sun Z, Sun S, Fu Z. L-Carnitine intake prevents irregular feeding-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder. Gene 2014; 554:148-54. [PMID: 25445284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
L-Carnitine supplementation has been used to reduce obesity caused by high-fat diet, which is beneficial for lowering blood and hepatic lipid levels, and for ameliorating fatty liver. However, whether l-carnitine may affect irregular feeding-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder is still largely unknown. In the present study, we developed a time-delayed pattern of eating, and investigated the effects of l-carnitine on the irregular eating induced adiposity in mice. After an experimental period of 8 weeks with l-carnitine supplementation, l-carnitine significantly inhibited body weight increase and epididymal fat weight gain induced by the time-delayed feeding. In addition, l-carnitine administration decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and triglyceride (TG), which were significantly elevated by the irregular feeding. Moreover, mice supplemented with l-carnitine did not display glucose intolerance-associated hallmarks, which were found in the irregular feeding-induced obesity. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that l-carnitine counteracted the negative alterations of lipid metabolic gene expression (fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase) in the liver and fat of mice caused by the irregular feeding. Therefore, our results suggest that the time-delayed pattern of eating can induce adiposity and lipid metabolic disorders, while l-carnitine supplementation might prevent these negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Qingyu Shu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Yangjian Qi
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Ying Kong
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Zhiping Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China.
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What is "grazing"? Reviewing its definition, frequency, clinical characteristics, and impact on bariatric surgery outcomes, and proposing a standardized definition. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:973-82. [PMID: 25312671 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grazing, characterized by a repetitive eating pattern, has received increased attention among bariatric surgery patients. However, different definitions and terminology have been used, preventing the accurate measurement of this phenomenon and comparison of data across studies. OBJECTIVE To review existing definitions and associated clinical features of grazing among different samples and to propose a standardized definition that will allow for consistency in future work. SETTING University and Clinical Research Institute. METHODS Of the 39 studies found, 9 provided an original definition and 12 provided data of its association with weight outcomes. Six were studies of nonbariatric surgery populations. Based on this literature review, the most common criteria used in previous studies to define grazing were included in a survey that was sent to 24 individuals who have published work in the field. These experts were asked to provide their opinion on what should constitute grazing. RESULTS Grazing is a frequent behavior in the bariatric surgery population as well as in eating disordered and community samples. Its association with psychopathology is not clear, but its negative impact on weight outcomes after bariatric surgery generally has been supported. Survey data provided a consensus regarding the definition of grazing as an eating behavior characterized by the repetitive eating (more than twice) of small/modest amounts of food in an unplanned manner, with what we characterize as compulsive and noncompulsive subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Given the clinical relevance of grazing among bariatric surgery patients, a unique definition is crucial to better study its associated features and impact on different populations.
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22
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Orozco-Solis R, Sassone-Corsi P. Epigenetic control and the circadian clock: linking metabolism to neuronal responses. Neuroscience 2014; 264:76-87. [PMID: 24486964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological evidence reveal the profound influence that industrialized modern society has imposed on human social habits and physiology during the past 50 years. This drastic change in life-style is thought to be one of the main causes of modern diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, mental illness such as depression, sleep disorders, and certain types of cancer. These disorders have been associated to disruption of the circadian clock, an intrinsic time-keeper molecular system present in virtually all cells and tissues. The circadian clock is a key element in homeostatic regulation by controlling a large array of genes implicated in cellular metabolism. Importantly, intimate links between epigenetic regulation and the circadian clock exist and are likely to prominently contribute to the plasticity of the response to the environment. In this review, we summarize some experimental and epidemiological evidence showing how environmental factors such as stress, drugs of abuse and changes in circadian habits, interact through different brain areas to modulate the endogenous clock. Furthermore we point out the pivotal role of the deacetylase silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) as a molecular effector of the environment in shaping the circadian epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Orozco-Solis
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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23
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Tanofsky-Kraff M, Sbrocco T, Theim KR, Cohen LA, Mackey ER, Stice E, Henderson JL, McCreight SJ, Bryant EJ, Stephens MB. Obesity and the US military family. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2205-20. [PMID: 23836452 PMCID: PMC4010088 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review discusses the current knowledge and future directions regarding obesity within the US military family (i.e., active-duty servicemembers, as well as military spouses, children, retirees, and veterans). The increasing rates of overweight and obesity within the US military adversely impact military readiness, limit recruitment, and place a significant financial burden on the Department of Defense. DESIGN AND METHODS The following topics are reviewed: 1) The prevalence of and the financial, physical, and psychological costs associated with overweight in military communities; 2) military weight regulations, and challenges faced by the military family related to overweight and disordered eating; 3) the continued need for rigorous program evaluations and new intervention development. RESULTS Overweight and its associated sequelae impact the entire military family. Military families share many similarities with their civilian counterparts, but they face unique challenges (e.g., stress related to deployments and relocations). Although the military has weight management resources, there is an urgent need for rigorous program evaluation and the development of enhanced obesity prevention programs across the lifespan of the military family-several of which are proposed herein. CONCLUSIONS Interdisciplinary and collaborative research efforts and team-based interventions will continue to inform understanding of obesity treatment and prevention within military and civilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly R. Theim
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - L. Adelyn Cohen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleanor R. Mackey
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Henderson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah J. McCreight
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edny J. Bryant
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark B. Stephens
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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24
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Uncontrolled, Repetitive Eating of Small Amounts of Food or ‘Grazing’: Development and Evaluation of a New Measure of Atypical Eating. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Grazing, or the uncontrolled, repetitive eating of small amounts of food is being increasingly recognised as an important eating behaviour associated with obesity. In spite of the need for a better understanding of this eating behaviour for improved obesity treatment, currently there is no empirically validated self-report measure to assess grazing. Therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of this relatively understudied eating pattern, a new self-report questionnaire of grazing was developed in this study. Questionnaire items were designed to reflect previous empirical descriptions of grazing. A group of 248 university students completed the Grazing Questionnaire, other measures of eating-related behaviours and cognitions, and negative emotion. Sixty-two participants completed the Grazing Questionnaire a second time to calculate its temporal stability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clear two-factor solution for the questionnaire, reflecting repetitive eating behaviour and a perception of loss of control. Scores on the Grazing Questionnaire were positively associated with other measures of disordered eating, especially with binge eating. Initial psychometric properties of the new questionnaire are promising. Future research is now needed to examine the prevalence of this eating behaviour in more diverse populations, including those with binge eating disorder and obesity.
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25
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Boggiano MM, Turan B, Maldonado CR, Oswald KD, Shuman ES. Secretive food concocting in binge eating: test of a famine hypothesis. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:212-25. [PMID: 23255044 PMCID: PMC5098405 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food concocting, or making strange food mixtures, is well documented in the famine and experimental semistarvation literature and appears anecdotally in rare descriptions of eating disorder (ED) patients but has never been scientifically investigated. Here we do so in the context of binge-eating using a "famine hypothesis of concocting." METHOD A sample of 552 adults varying in binge eating and dieting traits completed a Concocting Survey created for this study. Exploratory ED groups were created to obtain predictions as to the nature of concocting in clinical populations. RESULTS Binge eating predicted the 24.6% of participants who reported having ever concocted but dietary restraint, independently, even after controlling for binge eating, predicted its frequency and salience. Craving was the main motive. Emotions while concocting mirrored classic high-arousal symptoms associated with drug use; while eating the concoctions were associated with intensely negative/self-deprecating emotions. Concocting prevalence and salience was greater in the anorexia > bulimia > BED > no ED groups, consistent with their respectively incrementing dieting scores. DISCUSSION Concocting distinguishes binge eating from other overeating and, consistent with the famine hypothesis, is accounted for by dietary restraint. Unlike its adaptive function in famine, concocting could worsen binge-eating disorders by increasing negative effect, shame, and secrecy. Its assessment in these disorders may prove therapeutically valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms occur in almost all species and control vital aspects of our physiology, from sleeping and waking to neurotransmitter secretion and cellular metabolism. Epidemiological studies from recent decades have supported a unique role for circadian rhythm in metabolism. As evidenced by individuals working night or rotating shifts, but also by rodent models of circadian arrhythmia, disruption of the circadian cycle is strongly associated with metabolic imbalance. Some genetically engineered mouse models of circadian rhythmicity are obese and show hallmark signs of the metabolic syndrome. Whether these phenotypes are due to the loss of distinct circadian clock genes within a specific tissue versus the disruption of rhythmic physiological activities (such as eating and sleeping) remains a cynosure within the fields of chronobiology and metabolism. Becoming more apparent is that from metabolites to transcription factors, the circadian clock interfaces with metabolism in numerous ways that are essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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27
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Latzer Y, Stein D. A review of the psychological and familial perspectives of childhood obesity. J Eat Disord 2013; 1:7. [PMID: 24999389 PMCID: PMC4081713 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is on the rise in both industrialized and developing countries. The investigation of the psychosocial aspects of childhood obesity has been the focus of long- standing theoretical and empirical endeavor. Overweight in children and adolescents is associated with a host of psychological and social problems such as reduced school and social performance, less favorable quality of life, societal victimization and peer teasing, lower self-and body-esteem, and neuropsychological dysfunctioning. Whereas community samples of obese youngsters usually do not show elevated psychopathology, clinically-referred overweight children show elevated depression, anxiety, behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and disordered eating. Parents' perceptions of their child's overweight highly influence the well-being of obese children and the way in which they perceive themselves. THE PRESENT REVIEW PAPER AIMS TO BROADEN THE SCOPE OF KNOWLEDGE OF CLINICIANS ABOUT SEVERAL IMPORTANT PSYCHOSOCIAL AND FAMILIAL DIMENSIONS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY: the psychosocial functioning, self and body esteem and psychopathology of overweight youngsters, the influence of children's perceptions of overweight, including those of the obese children themselves on their well being, and the influence of parental attitudes about weight and eating on the psychological condition of the obese child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Latzer
- Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
- Eating Disorders Clinic, Psychiatric Division, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Stein
- Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, the Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Butcher JT, Goodwill AG, Stanley SC, Frisbee JC. Blunted temporal activity of microvascular perfusion heterogeneity in metabolic syndrome: a new attractor for peripheral vascular disease? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H547-58. [PMID: 23262133 PMCID: PMC3566484 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00805.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A key clinical outcome for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in patients is a progressive decay in skeletal muscle performance and its ability to resist fatigue with elevated metabolic demand. We have demonstrated that PVD in obese Zucker rats (OZR) is partially due to increased perfusion distribution heterogeneity at successive microvascular bifurcations within skeletal muscle. As this increased heterogeneity (γ) is longitudinally present in the network, its cumulative impact is a more heterogeneous distribution of perfusion between terminal arterioles than normal, causing greater regional tissue ischemia. To minimize this negative outcome, a likely compensatory mechanism against an increased γ should be an increased temporal switching at arteriolar bifurcations to minimize downstream perfusion deficits. Using in situ cremaster muscle, we determined that temporal activity (the cumulative sum of absolute differences between successive values of γ, taken every 20 s) was lower in OZR than in control animals, and this difference was present in both proximal (1A-2A) and distal (3A-4A) arteriolar bifurcations. Although adrenoreceptor blockade (phentolamine) improved temporal activity in 1A-2A arteriolar bifurcations in OZR, this was without impact in the distal microcirculation, where only interventions against oxidant stress (Tempol) and thromboxane A(2) activity (SQ-29548) were effective. Analysis of the attractor for γ indicated that it was not only elevated in OZR but also exhibited severe reductions in range, suggesting that the ability of the microcirculation to respond to any challenge is highly restricted and may represent the major contributor to the manifestation of poor muscle performance at this age in OZR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Quick VM, McWilliams R, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Fatty, fatty, two-by-four: weight-teasing history and disturbed eating in young adult women. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:508-15. [PMID: 23327257 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the long-term effect of weight teasing during childhood. METHODS Young adult women (n = 1533; aged 18-26 years) from 3 large universities participated in a survey (Fall 2009 to Spring 2010) that assessed disturbed eating behaviors; weight status at ages 6, 12, and 16 years; and weight-teasing history. RESULTS Nearly half of the participants were weight-teased as a child. Participants who experienced childhood weight teasing were significantly more likely to have disturbed eating behaviors now than non-weight-teased peers. As the variety of weight teasing insults recalled increased, so did disturbed eating behaviors and current body mass index. Those who recalled their weight at ages 6, 12, or 16 years as being heavier than average endured weight teasing significantly more frequently and felt greater distress than their lighter counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Weight teasing may contribute to the development of disturbed eating and eating disorders in young women. Health care professionals, parents, teachers, and other childcare givers must help shift social norms to make weight teasing as unacceptable as other types of bullying. To protect the health of children, efforts to make weight teasing unacceptable are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Quick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Fischer S, Meyer AH, Hermann E, Tuch A, Munsch S. Night eating syndrome in young adults: delineation from other eating disorders and clinical significance. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:494-501. [PMID: 22883837 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a recently described disordered eating style whose status in current diagnostic systems needs to be further clarified. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge about the clinical features of NES in a sample of 1514 young adults aged 18-26 years from the general population who participated in an anonymous Internet survey. We first examined characteristics of NES and tried to delineate it from healthy controls as well as from other eating disorders in terms of socio-demography, eating disorder pathology and general psychopathology. Second, we attempted to further clarify the clinical utility of the NES by assessing the degree of distress as well as impairment. Twenty (1.3%) participants with NES were identified and there was only modest overlap between NES and both Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Bulimia nervosa (BN) according to questionnaire-based DSM-IV criteria. Compared to healthy controls, NES individuals reported more pronounced eating disorder pathology as well as general psychopathology (depressive symptoms, chronic social stress). NES seems to be associated with considerable distress and impairment. Implications for the validity and classification of NES are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Fischer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University of Basel (UPK Basel), Switzerland
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Weight regulation practices of young adults. Predictors of restrictive eating. Appetite 2012; 59:425-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Disturbed Eating Severity Scale (DESS) places disturbed eating risk on a continuum. Appetite 2012; 59:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gagnon C, Aimé A, Bélanger C, Markowitz JT. Comorbid Diabetes and Eating Disorders in Adult Patients. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2012; 38:537-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0145721712446203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The lack of research concerning treatment for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and comorbid eating disorders (ED) contributes to the gulf between the psychosocial needs of individuals with the two conditions and the treatment they receive. Empirical evidence has established that the prognosis of patients with this comorbid diagnosis (ED-DM) is poor in the absence of a specialized DM treatment specifically adapted to ED. In individuals with DM, comorbid ED is associated with numerous complications. Despite these interactions, current knowledge about the comorbid diagnosis is limited, and eating disorders in patients with diabetes often remain undiagnosed. This article presents standard procedures for assessment and optimal therapeutic interventions for patients with ED and DM. Conclusion In patients with diabetes, problematic eating behaviors and symptoms should be assessed routinely. When an eating disorder is detected, diabetes management needs to be adapted, binge eating or medication misuse needs to be addressed, and eating disorder specialists should be included in the multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gagnon
- University of Quebec in Montreal, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Gagnon, doctoral student in psychology)
- University of Quebec in Outaouais, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, St-Jerome, Quebec (Dr Aimé)
- University of Quebec in Montreal and Douglas Mental Health Institute and McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Dr Bélanger)
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section of Genetics and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Markowitz)
| | - Annie Aimé
- University of Quebec in Montreal, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Gagnon, doctoral student in psychology)
- University of Quebec in Outaouais, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, St-Jerome, Quebec (Dr Aimé)
- University of Quebec in Montreal and Douglas Mental Health Institute and McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Dr Bélanger)
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section of Genetics and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Markowitz)
| | - Claude Bélanger
- University of Quebec in Montreal, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Gagnon, doctoral student in psychology)
- University of Quebec in Outaouais, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, St-Jerome, Quebec (Dr Aimé)
- University of Quebec in Montreal and Douglas Mental Health Institute and McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Dr Bélanger)
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section of Genetics and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Markowitz)
| | - Jessica Tuttman Markowitz
- University of Quebec in Montreal, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Gagnon, doctoral student in psychology)
- University of Quebec in Outaouais, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, St-Jerome, Quebec (Dr Aimé)
- University of Quebec in Montreal and Douglas Mental Health Institute and McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec (Dr Bélanger)
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section of Genetics and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Markowitz)
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Masheb RM, Grilo CM, White MA. An examination of eating patterns in community women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:618-24. [PMID: 21997425 PMCID: PMC3646558 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the eating patterns of persons with eating disorders. METHOD This study investigated typical eating behavior (meal frequency and snacking) and atypical eating behavior among 311 community women with on-line questionnaires. Participants were classified with bulimia nervosa (BN; n =39), binge eating disorder (BED; n = 69), or controls (CON; n = 203). RESULTS In terms of typical eating behaviors, the BN group ate significantly fewer meals, particularly lunches, than the other two groups. Atypical eating, such as nibbling, eating double meals and nocturnal eating, was significantly more common in the eating disorder groups. More frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI in the BED and CON groups, and more frequent meal consumption was associated with less binge eating in the BED group only. DISCUSSION Our study revealed differences in typical and atypical eating patterns, and associations with weight and eating disorder behaviors among eating disorder and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Masheb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
,Correspondence to: Robin M. Masheb, Ph.D., Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208098, 301 Cedar Street, 2nd Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8098.
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marney A. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Qui sont les adolescents consultant pour demande de prise en charge d’une obésité dans une Maison des adolescents ? Phénotypes d’une cohorte de 200 patients. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:1162-9. [PMID: 21982975 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Perpiñtá C, Roncero M, Belloch A, Sánchez-Reales S. Eating-Related Intrusive Thoughts Inventory: Exploring the Dimensionality of Eating Disorder Symptoms. Psychol Rep 2011; 109:108-26. [DOI: 10.2466/02.09.13.18.pr0.109.4.108-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were, first, to examine the structure and validity of the Eating-related Intrusive Thoughts Inventory (INPIAS), a self-report questionnaire designed to assess eating disorders related to intrusive thoughts (EDITs), and second, to explore the existence of a continuum ranging from normal to abnormal thought intrusions related to eating, weight, and shape. Participants were 574 (408 women) nonclinical community individuals. Analyses revealed that EDITs can be clustered into three sets: appearance-dieting, need to exercise, and thoughts-impulses related to eating disorders. EDITs' consequences showed a two-factor structure: emotional consequences/personal meaning and thought-action fusion responsibility; and four factors of strategies: “anxiety,” suppression, obsessive-compulsive rituals, and distraction. The sample was then divided according to reported restrained eating. The High dietary restraint group reported a higher frequency of EDITs, whereas differences in the other factors were mediated by depression, anxiety, and obsessionality. The results suggest that eating disorder-related cognitions are experienced by nonclinical individuals, and distributed on a continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxa Perpiñtá
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute de Salud Carlos III
- Department of Personality Psychology, Research Unit for Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorders, Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia
| | - María Roncero
- Department of Personality Psychology, Research Unit for Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorders, Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia
| | - Amparo Belloch
- Department of Personality Psychology, Research Unit for Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorders, Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Reales
- Department of Personality Psychology, Research Unit for Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorders, Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia
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Antunes LDC, Jornada MND, Ramalho L, Hidalgo MPL. Correlation of shift work and waist circumference, body mass index, chronotype and depressive symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 54:652-6. [PMID: 21085771 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Correlate shift work with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, chronotype and depressive symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study comprising 14 shift workers and 13 day workers. Subjects were workers from the health area aged 25 to 60 years. Minor psychiatric disorders were accessed by Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and depressive symptoms by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Chronotype was accessed using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Anthropometric measures were taken. RESULTS Shift workers presented higher BMI (P = 0.03) and waist circumference (P = 0.004) than day workers. Years on shift work were significantly correlated to waist circumference (r = 0.43; P = 0.03) and age (r = 0.47; P = 0.02). Shift work was not correlated with depressive symptoms and chronotype. CONCLUSION These results may suggest a role played by shift work on the development and/or the early clinic manifestations of metabolic disturbances, becoming a risk factor to metabolic syndrome.
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Hartmann AS, Czaja J, Rief W, Hilbert A. Personality and psychopathology in children with and without loss of control over eating. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:572-8. [PMID: 20965302 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with loss of control (LOC) over eating, recent research has revealed evidence for distinct personality features, such as more impulsivity. The aim of this study was to assess parent- and child-report personality profiles in children with and without LOC over eating and to relate these profiles to general and eating-disorder psychopathology. METHOD A total of 120 children (60 with LOC over eating; 68 girls) aged 8 to 13 years were recruited from the community. Clinical interview, self-report, and parent-report questionnaires were administered to assess personality as well as both general and eating-disorder psychopathology. RESULTS The group with LOC over eating showed lower self-directedness and cooperativeness compared to the group without LOC. The children with LOC were significantly more impulsive. Personality dimensions were significantly correlated with greater general but not eating-disorder psychopathology and frequency of LOC over eating. CONCLUSION A distinct pattern of personality traits in children with LOC over eating was found that is partly in line with research on binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and obesity in adulthood. The findings suggest that longitudinal studies should examine whether certain patterns of personality in children with LOC over eating account for differences in psychopathology later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sabrina Hartmann
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Psychology Gutenbergstr. 18 D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Striegel-Moore RH, Rosselli F, Wilson GT, Perrin N, Harvey K, DeBar L. Nocturnal eating: association with binge eating, obesity, and psychological distress. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:520-6. [PMID: 19708071 PMCID: PMC2891279 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine clinical correlates of nocturnal eating, a core behavioral symptom of night eating syndrome. METHOD Data from 285 women who had participated in a two-stage screening for binge eating were utilized. Women (n = 41) who reported one or more nocturnal eating episodes in the past 28 days on the eating disorder examination and women who did not report nocturnal eating (n = 244) were compared on eating disorder symptomatology, body mass index (BMI), and on measures of psychosocial adjustment. RESULTS Nocturnal eaters were significantly more likely to report binge eating and differed significantly from non-nocturnal eaters (with responses indicating greater disturbance) on weight and shape concern, eating concern, self-esteem, depression, and functional impairment, but not on BMI or dietary restraint. Group differences remained significant in analyses adjusting for binge eating. DISCUSSION This study confirms the association between nocturnal eating and binge eating previously found in treatment seeking samples yet also suggests that the elevated eating disorder symptoms and decreased psychosocial adjustment observed in nocturnal eaters is not simply a function of binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Terence Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kate Harvey
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Lynn DeBar
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
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Abstract
The present review has the objective of summarising chronobiological aspects of shift work and obesity. There was a systematic search in PubMed databases, using the following descriptors: shift work; obesity; biological clock. Shift work is extremely frequent in several services and industries, in order to systematise the needs for flexibility of the workforce, necessary to optimise productivity and business competitiveness. In developing countries, this population represents a considerable contingent workforce. Recently, studies showed that overweight and obesity are more prevalent in shift workers than day workers. In addition, the literature shows that shift workers seem to gain weight more often than those workers submitted to a usual work day. In conclusion, there is considerable epidemiological evidence that shift work is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes and CVD, perhaps as a result of physiological maladaptation to chronically sleeping and eating at abnormal circadian times. The impact of shift work on metabolism supports a possible pathway to the development of obesity and its co-morbities. The present review demonstrated the adverse cardiometabolic implications of circadian misalignment, as occurs chronically with shift workers.
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Bernardi F, Harb ABC, Levandovski RM, Hidalgo MPL. Transtornos alimentares e padrão circadiano alimentar: uma revisão. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81082009000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar aspectos relacionados a transtornos alimentares e suas relações com as alterações no ritmo circadiano. Realizou-se uma busca sistematizada das informações nas bases de dados PubMed usando os seguintes descritores: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder e sleep patterns. Os transtornos alimentares, como a síndrome do comer noturno e o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica, têm sido considerados e relacionados a um atraso no ritmo circadiano da ingestão alimentar e saciedade prejudicada. Os ritmos circadianos são aqueles que apresentam um período de 24 h, como, por exemplo, o ciclo sono-vigília, temperatura corporal, atividade e comportamento alimentar. Distúrbios provocados pelas alterações nos horários de sono/vigília influenciam o apetite, a saciedade e, consequentemente, a ingestão alimentar, o que parece favorecer o aumento desses transtornos. Percebe-se que o comportamento alimentar pode ser influenciado por ritmos circadianos. Porém, mais estudos e o maior conhecimento sobre a ritmicidade alimentar podem contribuir com o melhor entendimento do comportamento alimentar atual, atuando na prevenção e/ou tratamento de transtornos alimentares.
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Calugi S, Dalle Grave R, Marchesini G. Night eating syndrome in class II-III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:899-904. [PMID: 19506562 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of metabolic disorders and psychological features with the night eating syndrome (NES) in individuals with moderate-to-severe obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional observation. SUBJECTS A total of 266 consecutive participants with class II-III obesity, entering an inpatient weight loss program. MEASUREMENTS Participants who reported consuming either a large amount of their caloric intake after the evening meal (roughly self-assessed as > or =25% of daily calories) or the presence of nocturnal feeding at the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) (N=49) were interviewed by the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI). Assessment also included the clinical/biochemical parameters of the metabolic syndrome and several questionnaires of psychopathology. NES was diagnosed by NESHI criteria (evening hyperphagia (> or =25% of daily food intake after the evening meal) and/or waking at night to eat at least three times a week) in the last 3 months. RESULTS Twenty-seven participants (10.1%) met NESHI criteria. Differences were not observed between participants with and without NES as to age, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of metabolic syndrome, Binge Eating Scale and Body Shape Questionnaire. NES participants had significantly higher scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL). Among NES cases, the BDI score was indicative of moderate depression in 18.5% of cases and of severe depression in 44.4%. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, identified the BDI score as the only variable significantly associated with the diagnosis of NES. CONCLUSION Diagnosing NES does not help identify obese individuals with specific medical complications, but indicates more severe psychological distress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calugi
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorder, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda (Vr), Italy
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43
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Neumark-Sztainer D. The interface between the eating disorders and obesity fields: moving toward a model of shared knowledge and collaboration. Eat Weight Disord 2009; 14:51-8. [PMID: 19367141 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As more attention is being directed toward obesity, important questions facing the eating disorders field include: How should the eating disorders field deal with this increased focus on obesity? What are some models for work between the eating disorders and obesity fields? This paper briefly describes four potential models of interaction between the fields and possible scenarios demonstrating each model. The first model is one in which the obesity field overpowers the eating disorders field. In the second model, the two fields have minimal opportunities for interaction and for cross-fertilization of ideas. In the third model, there is antagonism and a lack of respect for the other field. The fourth, and recommended model, is one in which the two fields share knowledge to enhance the difficult work of preventing and treating both eating disorders and obesity. Examples of opportunities for shared knowledge and collaboration, and benefits of this fourth model for both the eating disorders and obesity fields, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Allen KL, Byrne SM, La Puma M, McLean N, Davis EA. The onset and course of binge eating in 8- to 13-year-old healthy weight, overweight and obese children. Eat Behav 2008; 9:438-46. [PMID: 18928907 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of binge eating and overeating in 8- to 13-year-old children; (2) identify factors that cross-sectionally predict binge eating and overeating; and (3) identify factors that prospectively predict onset of binge eating and overeating. METHODS Participants were 259 boys and girls who were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up, using a range of semi-structured interviews that included the Child Eating Disorder Examination. RESULTS At baseline, 9% of children reported binge eating and 6% reported overeating. Obese children were most at risk for these behaviours. Dietary restraint and the tendency to use food to regulate emotions were significant in predicting binge eating onset prospectively, and eating concern was significant in predicting binge eating cross-sectionally. CONCLUSION Results provide support for current cognitive-behavioural models of binge eating, and have implications for guiding binge eating prevention and intervention efforts with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Allen
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
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Nasser JA, Evans SM, Geliebter A, Pi-Sunyer FX, Foltin RW. Use of an operant task to estimate food reinforcement in adult humans with and without BED. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1816-20. [PMID: 18535551 PMCID: PMC2907069 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of food-reinforced operant task performance in modeling binge-eating disorder (BED). We hypothesized that food reinforcement after a caloric preload would be related to BED status, but not hunger. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We investigated the association between reports of hunger, binge tendency, and food reinforcement in a sample of 18 women (12 non-BED, 7 lean, 5 obese, and 6 obese BED). Participants completed two sessions of operant task performance after consuming 600 ml of flavored water or 600 ml of a 1 kcal/ml liquid meal. RESULTS Under the water condition, food reinforcement did not differ between the non-BED and BED groups, and was positively correlated with hunger ratings across all participants (r = 0.55, P = 0.023). Under the liquid meal condition, food reinforcement was significantly decreased compared with the water condition in the non-BED group (t = -2.6, P = 0.026). There was also a significant difference between the non-BED and BED groups in the fed condition (41 +/- 40, 117 +/- 60, F = 10.3, P = 0.005, non-BED vs. BED, respectively, mean +/- s.d.). The correlation between food reinforcement and hunger remained significant only in the non-BED group (r = 0.69, P = 0.011). DISCUSSION Our results support the hypothesis that food reinforcement measured after a caloric preload is related to BED status but not hunger in those subjects with BED. The data also suggest that operant task performance can be useful in modeling BED criteria such as "eating when not physically hungry."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Nasser
- New York Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Striegel-Moore RH, Franko DL, Thompson D, Affenito S, May A, Kraemer HC. Exploring the typology of night eating syndrome. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:411-8. [PMID: 18306340 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an ongoing debate about the definitions and clinical significance of night eating syndrome (NES). This study explored potential subtypes based on night eating patterns and features reported to be associated, with NES in a representative community sample of 8,250 individuals aged 15-39 years. METHOD Latent class analysis was used to identify NES subtypes among 2,068 participants who reported night eating behavior. RESULTS A four-class solution was judged best. Two classes appear to characterize individuals who eat very late or eat a large proportion of their daily intake after 7 pm, and two other classes are characterized by high rates of depressive symptoms. Results do not support an association between night eating and obesity in young adults. Late night eating is associated with high caloric intake, high sodium intake, and low protein intake. CONCLUSION Evidence supports the validity of a definition of NES based on eating very late at night.
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Abstract
The article reviews the international literature about psychopathological aspects and treatments of Night Eating Syndrome (NES). Studies were found using Medline; data from recent international books and conferences about ED are included, but single case descriptions are not included in the study. NES seems to be consistently related to mood disorders and anxiety. There is a low overlap between other eating disorders, including binge eating disorder (BED), and NES. The relationship between the syndrome and substance abuse is unclear and needs further study. Sleep architecture seems not to be severely altered among those with NES. A limited number of treatment studies for NES have been published or presented. Most of the literature focuses on pharmacological treatment, with fewer psychotherapeutic approaches reported at this time. Larger, multi-site treatment studies would serve to confirm the findings of this first wave of clinical trials.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper considers whether the criteria currently used to classify the diagnosis of binge eating disorder (BED) are valid and appropriate. METHOD We review evidence that reflects on the validity of the current criteria for binge eating episodes and BED, using literature retrieved through major psychology and psychiatry search engines (e.g., PsycInfo, PubMed). RESULTS Evidence from experimental research points to the relative importance of episode frequency, the amount of food consumed at episodes, the subjective sense of loss of control over eating, and several additional criteria associated with binge episodes in BED. Evidence on the differences in psychopathology between BED and bulimia nervosa and between BED and obesity without binge eating, as related to diagnostic criteria, is reviewed. CONCLUSION Although evidence concerning the diagnostic criteria of BED is mixed, broadening certain diagnostic criteria for binge eating episodes and BED might more accurately reflect the research literature and increase the number of individuals eligible for inclusion in treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To revisit the merits and problems inherent in considering obesity, or some aspect of obesity, as a mental or behavioral disorder. METHOD The author suggests shifting the focus from the state of obesity to the process of nonhomeostatic overeating that results in obesity. Studies are reviewed that pertain to various models of nonnormative overeating including eating disorder models that stress the form of overeating, substance use disorder models focusing on its consequences, and affect regulation or stress response models focusing on its function. RESULTS Studies focusing on abnormal eating patterns, including binge eating and night eating suggest that such patterns may be related to the development of obesity. While the literature pertaining to substance use and other models of nonhomeostatic overeating is beginning to mount, current evidence is mostly preliminary and indirect. CONCLUSION An attempt to devise diagnostic criteria based on the above models raises multiple difficulties, since the phenomena central to each model are dimensional, common, and variably associated with distress or dysfunction. A detailed understanding of the neurobiological relationships among eating behavior, reward systems, and affect regulation systems will enable a more meaningful consideration of these models and will facilitate specific treatment for disorders of overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
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