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Morató L, Astori S, Zalachoras I, Rodrigues J, Ghosal S, Huang W, Guillot de Suduiraut I, Grosse J, Zanoletti O, Cao L, Auwerx J, Sandi C. eNAMPT actions through nucleus accumbens NAD +/SIRT1 link increased adiposity with sociability deficits programmed by peripuberty stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9109. [PMID: 35235362 PMCID: PMC8890725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with impairments in the social domain, and stress at puberty can lead to long-lasting changes in visceral fat deposition and in social behaviors. However, whether stress-induced changes in adipose tissue can affect fat-to-brain signaling, thereby orchestrating behavioral changes, remains unknown. We found that peripubertally stressed male-but not female-mice exhibit concomitant increased adiposity and sociability deficits. We show that reduced levels of the adipokine nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in fat and its extracellular form eNAMPT in blood contribute to lifelong reductions in sociability induced by peripubertal stress. By using a series of adipose tissue and brain region-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we implicate impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/SIRT1 pathway in the nucleus accumbens. Impairments in sociability and accumbal neuronal excitability are prevented by normalization of eNAMPT levels or treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+-boosting compound. We propose NAD+ boosters to treat social deficits of early life stress origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Morató
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabelle Guillot de Suduiraut
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lei Cao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sawczyn T, Stygar D, Nabrdalik K, Kukla M, Masri O, Magrowski Ł, Karcz W, Jochem J. Effect of Ileal Transposition (IT) on Angiopoietin-Like Protein-8 (ANGPTL8) and Pentraxin (PTX3) Plasma Level in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed High-Fat Diet (HFD). Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6699923. [PMID: 34035808 PMCID: PMC8118740 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic surgery procedures are designed not only for sustained weight loss but also for achieving positive metabolic changes, including improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, along with an increase in energy expenditure. Based on recent findings, the present study focuses on the relationship between the effects of ileal transposition (IT), high-fat diet (HFD), and selected markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation. METHODS Forty-eight male rats were divided into two groups: HFD and control diet (CD) fed rats. After eight weeks, animals in each group were randomly assigned to two types of surgery: IT and SHAM. Thereafter, fifty percent of the animals in the HFD and CD groups had their diets changed, while the remaining half maintained their presurgery diets. Eight weeks after surgery, plasma levels of ANGPTL8, PTX3, leptin, and adiponectin were assessed. RESULTS The IT group pre- and postoperatively maintained on the HFD showed higher ANGPTL8 level compared to SHAM operated animals (p=0.0041). The effect of IT on PTX3 level in the group pre- and postoperatively maintained on a CD was not significant, and there were no differences compared to SHAM. Only the postoperative diet change to HFD increased PTX3 level in the IT operated animals (p=0.0002). The IT group had increased plasma adiponectin (p=0.026) and leptin (p=0.0027) levels after dietary change to HFD compared to IT rats fed CD. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the outcomes of metabolic surgery can be greatly modified by HFD. The effects of the IT procedure in this experiment are ambiguous and do not provide a clear answer as to whether or not they are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sawczyn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Masri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Magrowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karcz
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerzy Jochem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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More than an Anti-diabetic Bariatric Surgery, Metabolic Surgery Alleviates Systemic and Local Inflammation in Obesity. Obes Surg 2019; 28:3658-3668. [PMID: 30187424 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis et al., has become a major global health problem. Recently, obesity has been proven to be under a status of low-grade, chronic inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance and T2D. Bariatric surgery is currently an effective treatment for the control of morbid obesity and T2D, which impels ongoing efforts to clarify physiological and molecular mechanisms mediating these benefits. The correlation between obesity, inflammation, and T2D has been revealed to a certain extent, and studies have shed light on the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory status of subjects with obesity. Based on recent findings, this review focuses on the relationship between inflammation, obesity, and bariatric surgery.
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Labrecque J, Laforest S, Michaud A, Biertho L, Tchernof A. Impact of Bariatric Surgery on White Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:407-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Does Bariatric Surgery Improve Obesity Associated Comorbid Conditions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:545-570. [PMID: 28585216 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a constantly growing health problem which reduces quality of life and life expectancy. Bariatric surgery for obesity is taken into account when all other conservative treatment modalities have failed. Comparison of the multidisciplinary programs with bariatric surgery regarding to weight loss showed that substantial and durable weight reduction have been achieved only with bariatric surgical treatments. However, the benefits of weight loss following bariatric procedures are still debated regarding the pro-inflammatory and metabolic profile of obesity.
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Arica PC, Aydin S, Zengin U, Kocael A, Orhan A, Zengin K, Gelisgen R, Taskin M, Uzun H. The Effects on Obesity Related Peptides of Laparoscopic Gastric Band Applications in Morbidly Obese Patients. J INVEST SURG 2017. [PMID: 28635510 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1280564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between weight loss and resistin, apelin, chemerin, and visfatin after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). METHODS The study group consisted of 19 patients who were operated on for morbid obesity (BMI: 48.7 ± 6.6 kg/m2), and 22 healthy, normal-weight (BMI: 22.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2) subjects formed the control group. We obtained blood samples from the study subjects at three different times: before undergoing surgery and at one month and 6 months after surgery. Blood was obtained once from the control group. RESULTS Significant weight loss was achieved at one and 6 months after surgery. Plasma levels of apelin, resistin, chemerin, and visfatin were higher in morbidly obese patients compared with the control group. Obesity-related peptides decreased one month and 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma resistin, apelin, chemerin, and visfatin levels in morbidly obese patients are gradually reduced after weight loss. According to these findings, LAGB surgery is found to be an important and efficient means for morbidly obese patients both to lose weight and to develop a better metabolic risk profile in a short time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cigdem Arica
- a Department of Surgery , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Seval Aydin
- b Department of Biochemistry , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ulgen Zengin
- c Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation , Faculty of Medicine, BezmialemVakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kocael
- a Department of Surgery , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Anil Orhan
- a Department of Surgery , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kagan Zengin
- a Department of Surgery , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- b Department of Biochemistry , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Taskin
- a Department of Surgery , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- b Department of Biochemistry , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Adami GF, Scopinaro N, Cordera R. Adipokine Pattern After Bariatric Surgery: Beyond the Weight Loss. Obes Surg 2016; 26:2793-2801. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Grygiel-Górniak B, Kaczmarek E, Mosor M, Przysławski J, Bogacz A. Genetic Background, Adipocytokines, and Metabolic Disorders in Postmenopausal Overweight and Obese Women. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:636-52. [PMID: 27246401 PMCID: PMC5018036 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the genetic background, adipocytokines, and metabolic state in postmenopausal women has not yet been fully described. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PPAR gamma-2 (Pro12Ala, C1431T) and ADRB3 (Trp64Arg) polymorphisms and serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin) and metabolic disorders in 176 postmenopausal women with increased body mass (BMI ≥ 25 kg m(-2)). The distributions of selected alleles and genotype frequencies were determined with the PCR-RFLP method. The bioimpedance method was used to determine nutritional status, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were applied to determine serum concentrations of adipocytokines. Viscerally obese postmenopausal women had higher body mass, body fat content, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, uric acid, and HOMA-IR and a higher prevalence of the Ala12 allele. In models based on cytokine concentration, higher body mass and glucose concentration (visfatin model, p = 0.008) and higher insulin and triglyceride levels (resistin model, p = 0.002) were observed in visceral fat deposition and this was potentiated by the presence of the T1431 allele. In resistin models, co-existence of Ala12/X polymorphisms with the T1431 allele was associated with higher resistin and triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.045). In postmenopausal women, metabolic parameters are mainly determined by the distribution of body fat, but Ala12/X polymorphism may increase the metabolic disorders and this effect can be enhanced by the T1431 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Mosor
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bogacz
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: Variations in Visfatin Gene Can Modify the Obesity Associated Cardiovascular Risk. Results from the Segovia Population Based-Study. Spain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153976. [PMID: 27166797 PMCID: PMC4864316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim was to investigate if genetic variations in the visfatin gene (SNPs rs7789066/ rs11977021/rs4730153) could modify the cardiovascular-risk (CV-risk) despite the metabolic phenotype (obesity and glucose tolerance). In addition, we investigated the relationship between insulin sensitivity and variations in visfatin gene. Material and Methods A population-based study in rural and urban areas of the Province of Segovia, Spain, was carried out in the period of 2001–2003 years. A total of 587 individuals were included, 25.4% subjects were defined as obese (BMI ≥30 Kg/m2). Results Plasma visfatin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects with DM2 than in other categories of glucose tolerance. The genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP was significantly associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and waist circumference. The obese individuals carrying the CC genotype of the rs11977021 SNP showed higher circulating levels of fasting proinsulin after adjustment for the same variables. The genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP seems to be protective from CV-risk either estimated by Framingham or SCORE charts in general population; and in obese and non-obese individuals. No associations with CV-risk were observed for other studied SNPs (rs11977021/rs7789066). Conclusions In summary, this is the first study which concludes that the genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP appear to protect against CV-risk in obese and non–obese individuals, estimated by Framingham and SCORE charts. Our results confirm that the different polymorphisms in the visfatin gene might be influencing the glucose homeostasis in obese individuals.
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Saboori S, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Yousefi Rad E, Hosseini M, Mirzaei K, Ahmadivand Z. The comparison of serum vaspin and visfatin concentrations in obese and normal weight women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:320-323. [PMID: 25470626 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is evidence based studies which show that plasma level of visfatin and vaspin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus elevate in comparison with healthy people. But there is no consistency in plasma visfatin and vaspin concentration between studies done on obese people. For this reason, the aim of this study is to investigate the serum level concentrations of visfatin and vaspin in obese women compared to normal weight women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants of this study consist of 43 women aged 20-50, and 43 healthy women with normal weight as a control group. They were matched for age and physical activity. 24h food recall was used to collect dietary information from subjects. Moreover, blood sampling was taken to measure the blood levels of sugar, lipid profile, vaspin and visfatin. RESULTS The mean serum level of visfatin was not statistically different between obese and normal weight women. But, the obese women had statistically higher mean serum level of vaspin than normal women (p=0.04). We found no relations between serum levels of vaspin with serum concentration of visfatin. Also, serum levels of these two adipokines were not related to the serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyserides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between carbohydrate intake and serum visfatin level in women participating to this study (p=0.018, r=0.257). CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that the level of serum vaspin was significantly higher in obese women. But there were no differences in serum levels of visfatin in comparison to normal weight women. Meanwhile this study demonstrated a positive relationship between serum levels of visfatin with dietary intake of carbohydrate, but no relationship between serum level of visfatin and vaspin in women participating in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saboori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, school of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M J Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, school of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - E Yousefi Rad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, school of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hosseini
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, school of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, school of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Ahmadivand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, school of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Garcia-Serrano S, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Gonzalo M, Garcia-Arnes J, Valdes S, Soriguer F, Perez-Valero V, Alaminos-Castillo MA, Francisco Cobos-Bravo J, Moreno-Ruiz FJ, Rodriguez-Cañete A, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Garcia-Escobar E, García-Fuentes E. C-peptide modifies leptin and visfatin secretion in human adipose tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1607-15. [PMID: 26146822 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of C-peptide on adipose tissue, an organ involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, are not yet well known. The aim of this study was to determine whether C-peptide could be involved in the regulation of the adipocytokine synthesis in human visceral adipose tissue. METHODS The association between C-peptide and different serum adipocytokines, with an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and in an in vitro study in subjects without obesity and in subjects with morbid obesity were analyzed. RESULTS In different multiple regression analysis models, C-peptide and C-peptide increase above basal levels during total IVGTT and between 0 and 10 min were associated positively with leptin and negatively with visfatin. Rhodamine-labeled C-peptide binds to human adipocytes, and this binding was blocked with excess of unlabeled C-peptide. Exposure of human visceral explants and adipocytes from subjects with morbid obesity to C-peptide at 1 and 10 nM induced a significant increase in leptin and a decrease in visfatin secretion. In subjects without obesity, these C-peptide effects were found mainly at 10 nM. These effects can be inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or protein kinase B (PKB) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS C-peptide may be involved in the regulation of leptin and visfatin secretion, molecules intimately involved in energy homeostasis processes, through PI3K or PKB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Garcia-Arnes
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
| | - Vidal Perez-Valero
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Laboratorio, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alaminos-Castillo
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Laboratorio, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Cobos-Bravo
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía General, Digestiva Y Trasplantes, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Moreno-Ruiz
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía General, Digestiva Y Trasplantes, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Cañete
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía General, Digestiva Y Trasplantes, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Escobar
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
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Shen CJ, Wang SH, Lee CH, Chan TF. Breastfeeding effects on visfatin levels in postpartum women. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:217-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Gutierrez-Repiso C, Garcia-Serrano S, Rodriguez-Pacheco F, Garcia-Escobar E, Haro-Mora JJ, Garcia-Arnes J, Valdes S, Gonzalo M, Soriguer F, Moreno-Ruiz FJ, Rodriguez-Cañete A, Martinez-Ferriz A, Santoyo JS, Perez-Valero V, Garcia-Fuentes E. FNDC5 could be regulated by leptin in adipose tissue. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:918-25. [PMID: 25112714 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin activates the thermogenic function in adipose tissues. However, little is known on the association between human irisin and different cardiometabolic risk factors. We analyse the influence of morbid obesity on irisin levels and its relation with leptin and different cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured the serum irisin level and the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) expression in adipose tissue from 33 morbidly obese subjects and 12 nonobese subjects. We also studied the effect of leptin on FNDC5 expression. RESULTS Serum irisin was higher in the nonobese subjects than in morbidly obese subjects, both before (P = 0·043) and after bariatric surgery (P = 0·042). The variable that best explained the serum irisin levels in a multiple linear regression model was the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (R(2) = 0·201) (Beta = -0·357, P = 0·046). Those morbidly obese subjects with android-type obesity had lower serum irisin levels than those with gynecoid-type obesity, both before (P = 0·027) and after bariatric surgery (P = 0·006). Only the percentage change in WHR was associated with serum irisin levels after bariatric surgery (r = -0·529, P = 0·005). FNDC5 expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were higher in the nonobese than in the morbidly obese subjects (P = 0·042). In SAT explants from nonobese subjects, leptin (20 and 150 ng/mL) produced a decrease in FNDC5 expression (P = 0·009 and P = 0·037, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We showed decreased serum irisin levels in morbidly obese subjects, related mainly to WHR. FNDC5 expression could be regulated by leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutierrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
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Sun Z, Lei H, Zhang Z. Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), a cytokine with multiple physiological functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:433-42. [PMID: 23787158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) is regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine. Named for its first discovered function as a pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, it has since been found to have many other functions relating to cell metabolism, inflammation, and immune modulation. It has also been found to have intracellular and extracellular forms, with the two overlapping in function. Most of the intracellular functions of PBEF are due to its role as a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). It has been found in human endothelial cells, where it is able to induce angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGF and VEGFR and secretion of MCP-1. In human umbilical endothelial cells, PBEF increases levels of the protease MMP 2/9. PBEF has also been found in a variety of immune cells other than B cells and has been shown to inhibit apoptosis of macrophages. Extracellular PBEF has been shown to increase inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-16, and TGF-β1, and the chemokine receptor CCR3. PBEF also increases the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in CD14(+) monocyctes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, enhances the effectiveness of T cells, and is vital to the development of both B and T lymphocytes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in PBEF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Caron-Cantin SM, Martin J, Bastien M, Munkonda MN, Lu H, Cianflone K, Moustarah F, Biertho L, Marceau S, Hould FS, Bussières J, Poirier P. Acute and Chronic Effects of Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch Surgery on Plasma Visfatin and Apelin Levels in Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2013; 23:1806-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Golpaie A, Janani L, Derakhshanian H. Effect of weight reduction following bariatric surgery on serum visfatin and adiponectin levels in morbidly obese subjects. Obes Facts 2013; 6:193-202. [PMID: 23615494 PMCID: PMC5644781 DOI: 10.1159/000351162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipokines are signaling and mediator proteins secreted from adipose tissue. A novel adipokine, visfatin, was reported as a protein which was mainly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. Controversial results have been shown regarding the changes of adipokines following weight reduction. So we investigated the effects of weight reduction on serum concentrations of adiponectin and visfatin in morbidly obese subjects. METHODS 35 severely obese patients (26 females and 9 males), aged 15-58 years, were studied. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical parameters as well as adiponectin and visfatin were analyzed before and 6 weeks after weight reduction. RESULTS Anthropometric indices decreased significantly. Blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride were reduced significantly. The reduction of visfatin and the elevation of adiponectin were significant as well. However, other parameters like fasting glucose and insulin did not change. Moreover, we could not find any significant correlation between the change of serum visfatin and that of adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS 6-week weight reduction after bariatric surgery resulted in decreased serum visfatin and increased adiponectin levels. However, we cannot find any significant correlation between changes of adiponectin, visfatin, BMI, waist circumference, and insulin resistance. Further studies with different design are suggested to clarify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefeh Golpaie
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Atefeh Golpaie, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave., Qods St., Tehran (Iran),
| | - Leila Janani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Derakhshanian
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goktas Z, Moustaid-Moussa N, Shen CL, Boylan M, Mo H, Wang S. Effects of bariatric surgery on adipokine-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:69. [PMID: 23772224 PMCID: PMC3677351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a third of the US population is obese and at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. Obesity is considered a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition that is primarily attributed to expansion and inflammation of adipose tissues. Indeed, adipocytes produce and secrete numerous proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines known as adipokines. When the balance of these adipokines is shifted toward higher production of proinflammatory factors, local inflammation within adipose tissues and subsequently systemic inflammation occur. These adipokines including leptin, visfatin, resistin, apelin, vaspin, and retinol binding protein-4 can regulate inflammatory responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. These effects are mediated by key inflammatory signaling molecules including activated serine kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and serine kinases inhibitor κB kinase and insulin signaling molecules including insulin receptor substrates, protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt), and nuclear factor kappa B. Bariatric surgery can decrease body weight and improve insulin resistance in morbidly obese subjects. However, despite reports suggesting reduced inflammation and weight-independent effects of bariatric surgery on glucose metabolism, mechanisms behind such improvements are not yet well understood. This review article focuses on some of these novel adipokines and discusses their changes after bariatric surgery and their relationship to insulin resistance, fat mass, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Goktas
- Nutritional Sciences Program, College of Human Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Nutritional Sciences Program, College of Human Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mallory Boylan
- Nutritional Sciences Program, College of Human Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Huanbiao Mo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Nutritional Sciences Program, College of Human Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Shu Wang, Nutritional Science Program, College of Human Science, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box: 41240, Lubbock, TX 79409-1240, USA e-mail:
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Agueda M, Lasa A, Simon E, Ares R, Larrarte E, Labayen I. Association of circulating visfatin concentrations with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation after dietary energy restriction in Spanish obese non-diabetic women: role of body composition changes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:208-214. [PMID: 20951014 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To assess the influence of body composition changes on circulating serum visfatin after following 12 weeks of energy restricted diet intervention. We also examined the possible role of visfatin in glucose metabolism and in obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 78 obese (BMI 34.0 ± 2.8 kg/m²) women aged 36.7±7 y volunteered to participate in the study. We measured by DXA body fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM). Fasting serum visfatin, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and CRP concentrations were analyzed before and after the intervention and HOMA and QUIKI indexes were calculated. Mean weight loss 7.7 ± 3.0 kg and HOMA decreased in 24 ± 35%. Serum visfatin concentration change was negatively associated with LM difference (P < 0.05), whereas no significant relationship was observed with FM changes after energy restricted diet intervention. Changes in circulating serum visfatin levels were significantly and inversely associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.01) and positively with QUICKI index (P < 0.02) after energy restricted diet intervention, regardless of achieved body weight loss. We did not find any significant association between changes in visfatin levels and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and CRP levels after dietary intervention (all P > 0.2). CONCLUSION Circulating visfatin concentration is associated with sensitivity improvement achieved after energy restricted diet intervention induced weight loss. Furthermore, LM changes could be an influencing factor on visfatin concentrations and consequently, on the improvement of insulin sensitivity after weight loss in obese non-diabetic women. Our findings did not provide any evidence for a role of visfatin increase on low-grade inflammation after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agueda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
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Garrido-Sánchez L, Vendrell J, Fernández-García D, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Chacón MR, Ocaña-Wilhelmi L, Alcaide J, Tinahones FJ, García-Fuentes E. De novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue is associated with course of morbid obesity after bariatric surgery. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31280. [PMID: 22384010 PMCID: PMC3285616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective De novo lipogenesis is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and could be involved in the regulation of the triglyceride storage capacity of adipose tissue. However, the association between lipogenic and lipolytic genes and the evolution of morbidly obese subjects after bariatric surgery remains unknown. In this prospective study we analyze the association between the improvement in the morbidly obese patients as a result of bariatric surgery and the basal expression of lipogenic and lipolytic genes. Methods We study 23 non diabetic morbidly obese patients who were studied before and 7 months after bariatric surgery. Also, we analyze the relative basal mRNA expression levels of lipogenic and lipolytic genes in epiploic visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Results When the basal acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) expression in SAT was below percentile-50, there was a greater decrease in weight (P = 0.006, P = 0.034, P = 0.026), body mass index (P = 0.008, P = 0.033, P = 0.034) and hip circumference (P = 0.033, P = 0.021, P = 0.083) after bariatric surgery. In VAT, when the basal ACSS2 expression was below percentile-50, there was a greater decrease in hip circumference (P = 0.006). After adjusting for confounding variables in logistic regression models, only the morbidly obese patients with SAT or VAT ACSS2 expression≥P50 before bariatric surgery had a lower percentage hip circumference loss (<P50) after bariatric surgery (SAT: P = 0.039; VAT: P = 0.033). Conclusions A lower basal ACSS2, ACC1 and ACL expression, genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, is associated with a better evolution of anthropometric variables after bariatric surgery. Thus, the previous state of the pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism may have repercussions on the improvement of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diego Fernández-García
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FJT); (EG-F)
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
- Fundación IMABIS, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FJT); (EG-F)
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Patryn E, Bednarz-Misa I, Hotowy K, Noczynska A. Visfatin in juvenile obesity - the effect of obesity intervention and sex. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:1284-91. [PMID: 21569027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of visfatin, an adipocytokine relevant to the development of inflammation and metabolic disorders, with juvenile obesity needs to be re-established as previously used tests occurred to be nonspecific. OBJECTIVE To evaluate visfatin association with a metabolic profile of 88 overweight/obese and 26 lean children/adolescents as well as changes in its levels following weight reduction programme (diet + enhanced physical activity ± metformin). DESIGN A case-control and cohort study. RESULTS Visfatin was higher in obese than lean and overweight individuals (2·07 vs. 1·53 and 1·47 ng mL(-1) , P = 0·034). Of metabolic syndrome components, central obesity combined with either insulin resistance (IR) or hyperinsulinemia (HI) was associated with increases in circulating visfatin. In girls, visfatin correlated with leptin (r = 0·40, P = 0·009) and thiols (r = -0·36, P = 0·009), which explained 24% in visfatin variability. In boys, visfatin correlated with waist circumference (r = 0·36, P = 0·036), BMI% (r = 0·38, P = 0·025), whole body insulin sensitivity index (r = -0·36, P = 0·036), IL-6 (r = 0·38, P = 0·024) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (r = 0·52, P = 0·001), of which IL-6 and TBARS were independent predictors of visfatin elevation, explaining 42% in data variability. Visfatin was significantly lower following weight reduction programme than at baseline (1·43 vs. 1·83 ng mL(-1) , P = 0·033). Visfatin reduction correlated neither with changes in metabolic parameters nor was it affected by metformin. ΔVisfatin correlated exclusively with baseline visfatin (r = 0·612, P < 0·0001), which explained 38% in data variability. CONCLUSIONS Central obesity combined with HI/IR contributes to visfatin elevation. Visfatin association with metabolic/biochemical variables is gender dependent. Diet + enhanced physical activity are effective in visfatin reduction, the degree of which depends on baseline visfatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology of Children and Adolescents, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Soriguer F, Valdes S, Morcillo S, Esteva I, Almaraz MC, de Adana MSR, Tapia MJ, Dominguez M, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Rubio-Martin E, Garrido-Sanchez L, Perez V, Garriga MJ, Rojo-Martinez G, Garcia-Fuentes E. Thyroid hormone levels predict the change in body weight: a prospective study. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:1202-9. [PMID: 21470220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies, mostly cross-sectional, have found an association between low levels of thyroid hormones, even within the normal range, and a greater body mass index. The aim of this study was to determine the association between thyroid function and the risk for obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this population-based prospective study, measurements were made of anthropometric parameters, thyroid hormone function and urinary iodine in a cohort of the Pizarra Study (n = 937), and repeated 6 years later (n = 784). At the second point, measurements were also made of leptin and adiponectin. RESULTS Among the persons who were not obese at the start of the study, the odds ratio (OR) of becoming obese for those in the fourth quartile (Q(4)) for free triiodothyronine (FT3) (versus those in Q(1)) was 2·94 (1·46-5·90) (P = 0·005). The OR of becoming obese in persons in Q(4) of FT4 (versus those in Q(1)) was 3·06 (1·23-7·43) (P = 0·01). Those persons in Q(4) of weight gain had a higher FT3 at the 6-year follow-up than those whose weight gain was in Q(1) (P < 0·001). Leptin correlated with thyrotropin (β = 0·58, P = 0·001) and the FT4 (β = -1·12, P = 0·005). Adiponectin correlated with FT3 (r = -0·24, P < 0·001). The urinary iodine correlated negatively with both the BMI (β = -0·08, P = 0·01) and the increase in weight (β = -0·08, P = 0·04). CONCLUSIONS The changes in the thyroid hormones could be the consequence, rather than the cause, of the increase in weight. The same pathophysiological mechanisms that induce obesity might also be modifying the thyroid hormone pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Soriguer
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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Kang ES, Magkos F, Sienkiewicz E, Mantzoros CS. Circulating vaspin and visfatin are not affected by acute or chronic energy deficiency or leptin administration in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 164:911-7. [PMID: 21422197 PMCID: PMC3104072 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal and in vitro studies indicate that leptin alleviates starvation-induced reduction in circulating vaspin and stimulates the production of visfatin. We thus examined whether vaspin and visfatin are affected by short- and long-term energy deprivation and leptin administration in human subjects in vivo. DESIGN AND METHODS We measured circulating levels of vaspin and visfatin i) before and after 72 h of starvation (leading to severe hypoleptinemia) with or without leptin administration in replacement doses in 13 normal-weight subjects, ii) before and after 72 h of starvation with leptin administration in pharmacological doses in 13 lean and obese subjects, iii) during chronic energy deficiency in eight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea on leptin replacement for 3 months, and iv) during chronic energy deficiency in 18 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea on leptin replacement or placebo for 3 months. RESULTS Acute starvation decreased serum leptin to 21% of baseline values, (P=0.002) but had no significant effect on vaspin and visfatin concentrations (P>0.05). Nor did normalization of leptin levels affect the concentrations of these two adipokines (P>0.9). Leptin replacement in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea did not significantly alter vaspin and visfatin concentrations, whether relative to baseline or placebo administration (P>0.25). Pharmacological doses of leptin did not affect circulating vaspin and visfatin concentrations (P>0.9). CONCLUSIONS Circulating vaspin and visfatin are not affected by acute or chronic energy deficiency leading to hypoleptinemia and are not regulated by leptin in human subjects, indicating that these adipocyte-secreted hormonal regulators of metabolism are independently regulated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, SL Room 412, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Garten A, Petzold S, Schuster S, Körner A, Kratzsch J, Kiess W. Nampt and its potential role in inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:147-164. [PMID: 21484571 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17214-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt Nampt ) is a key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) NAD biosynthetic enzyme in mammals, converting nicotinamide nicotinamide into nicotinamide mononucleotide nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN NMN ), an NAD intermediate. First identified in humans as a cytokine cytokine pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF PBEF ) and subsequently described as an insulin-mimetic hormone visfatin visfatin , Nampt has recently excited the scientific interest of researchers from diverse fields, including NAD biology, metabolic regulation, and inflammation. As an NAD biosynthetic enzyme, Nampt regulates the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes such as sirtuins sirtuins and influences a variety of metabolic and stress responses. Nampt plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Nampt also functions as an immunomodulatory cytokine cytokine and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. This chapter summarizes the various functional aspects of Nampt and discusses its potential roles in diseases, with special focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Garten
- University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Obesity leads to several chronic morbidities including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension, which are major components of the metabolic syndrome. White adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and WAT-derived factors (fatty acids and adipokines) play an important role in the development of these metabolic disturbances. In fact, dysregulated adipokine secretion from the expanded WAT of obese individuals contributes to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The n-3 PUFA EPA and DHA have been widely reported to have protective effects in a range of chronic inflammatory conditions including obesity. In fact, n-3 PUFA have been shown to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue associated with obesity and up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and induce beta-oxidation in WAT in mice. Moreover, the ability of n-3 PUFA to regulate adipokine gene expression and secretion has been observed both in vitro and in vivo in rodents and human subjects. The present article reviews: (1) the physiological role of adiponectin, leptin and pre-B cell colony-enhancer factor/visfatin, three adipokines with immune-modulatory properties involved in the regulation of metabolism and insulin sensitivity and (2) the actions of n-3 PUFA on these adipokines focusing on the underlying mechanisms and the potential relationship with the beneficial effects of these fatty acids on obesity-associated metabolic disorders. It can be concluded that the ability of n-3 PUFA to improve obesity and insulin resistance conditions partially results from the modulation of WAT metabolism and the secretion of bioactive adipokines including leptin, adiponectin and visfatin.
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Lasa A, Churruca I, Simón E, Macarulla MT, Fernández-Quintela A, Rodríguez VM, Portillo MP. Effects of High-Fat High-Sucrose Feeding, Energy Restriction, andtrans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Visfatin and Apelin in Hamsters. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28:627-35. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10719795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Soriguer F, Garrido-Sanchez L, Garcia-Serrano S, Garcia-Almeida JM, Garcia-Arnes J, Tinahones FJ, Garcia-Fuentes E. Apelin levels are increased in morbidly obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obes Surg 2009; 19:1574-80. [PMID: 19756893 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-9955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological role of apelin in obesity and diabetes remains unclear. Although apelin has been studied in persons with different conditions, no studies have yet examined the joint influence of obesity and diabetes on apelin levels. We measured the changes in apelin levels in morbidly obese subjects, with and without diabetes, and in the inverse situation of improvement in carbohydrate metabolism as a result of bariatric surgery. METHODS The study was undertaken in 54 morbidly obese persons, 16 of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus, before and 7 months after undergoing bariatric surgery, and in 12 healthy, nonobese persons. Measurements were made of apelin levels and insulin sensitivity by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS The apelin levels in the morbidly obese patients prior to surgery were significantly higher than those of the controls only when the morbidly obese subjects were diabetic (P < 0.005). Apelin levels correlated significantly in the morbidly obese patients with serum triglycerides (r = 0.292, P = 0.032) and glucose (r = 0.337, P = 0.039). Bariatric surgery resulted in a significant decrease in apelin levels only in the morbidly obese subjects with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes. The change in apelin levels correlated significantly in the morbidly obese patients with the changes in serum glucose (r = 0.338, P = 0.038) and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.417, P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that obesity is not the main determinant of the rise in apelin levels. The association between apelin levels and glucose concentrations and insulin sensitivity provides evidence that apelin may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Soriguer
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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Garten A, Petzold S, Körner A, Imai SI, Kiess W. Nampt: linking NAD biology, metabolism and cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:130-8. [PMID: 19109034 PMCID: PMC2738422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) converts nicotinamide to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) intermediate. Previously identified as a cytokine pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor and controversially claimed as an insulin-mimetic hormone visfatin, Nampt has recently drawn much attention in several fields, including NAD biology, metabolism and inflammation. As a NAD biosynthetic enzyme, Nampt regulates the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes such as sirtuins and influences a variety of metabolic and stress responses. Nampt also plays an important part in regulating insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Nampt seems to have another function as an immunomodulatory cytokine and, therefore, has a role in inflammation. This review summarizes these various functional aspects of Nampt and discusses its potential roles in diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Garten
- University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Research Laboratory, Oststr. 21-25, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
- Corresponding author: Garten, A. (), # Co-corresponding author: Imai, S. ()
| | - Stefanie Petzold
- University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Research Laboratory, Oststr. 21-25, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Research Laboratory, Oststr. 21-25, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shin-ichiro Imai
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Corresponding author: Garten, A. (), # Co-corresponding author: Imai, S. ()
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Research Laboratory, Oststr. 21-25, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
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Soriguer F, García-Serrano S, García-Almeida JM, Garrido-Sánchez L, García-Arnés J, Tinahones FJ, Cardona I, Rivas-Marín J, Gallego-Perales JL, García-Fuentes E. Changes in the serum composition of free-fatty acids during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:10-5. [PMID: 18948964 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that measuring the free-fatty acids (FFA) during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) may provide information about the metabolic associations between serum FFA and carbohydrate and insulin metabolism. We evaluated the FFA profile during an IVGTT and determined whether this test changes the composition and concentration of FFA. An IVGTT was given to 38 severely obese persons before and 7 months after undergoing bariatric surgery and also to 12 healthy, nonobese persons. The concentration and composition of the FFA were studied at different times during the test. The concentration of FFA fell significantly faster during the IVGTT in the controls and in the severely obese persons with normal-fasting glucose (NFG) than in the severely obese persons with impaired-fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (P < 0.05). Significant differences were found in the time to minimum serum concentrations of FFA (control = NFG < IFG < T2DM) (P < 0.001). These variables improved after bariatric surgery in the three groups. The percentage of monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated FFA in the control subjects and in the obese persons, both before and after surgery, decreased significantly during the IVGTT. In conclusion, during an IVGTT, severely obese persons with IFG or T2DM experienced a lower fall in the FFA than the severely obese persons with NFG and the controls, becoming normal after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Soriguer
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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Retnakaran R, Youn BS, Liu Y, Hanley AJG, Lee NS, Park JW, Song ES, Vu V, Kim W, Tungtrongchitr R, Havel PJ, Swarbrick MM, Shaw C, Sweeney G. Correlation of circulating full-length visfatin (PBEF/NAMPT) with metabolic parameters in subjects with and without diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69:885-93. [PMID: 18410550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we use a novel ELISA that is specific for full-length visfatin (PBEF/NAMPT), compare it with the existing C-terminal based assay and use it to investigate associations of visfatin with metabolic parameters. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS We established the specificity and effectiveness of the new ELISA and evaluated the associations of full-length visfatin with clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters in a cross-sectional study of 129 Thai subjects, consisting of 50 outpatients with type 2 diabetes and 79 healthy volunteers. RESULTS The new ELISA accurately recovered full-length recombinant visfatin and detected visfatin secreted by primary human and rat adipocytes. We found serum full-length visfatin was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes compared to their nondiabetic peers (median 2.75 vs. 2.22 ng/ml, P = 0.0142). After adjustment for age, gender and traditional metabolic risk factors, adjusted mean visfatin remained significantly higher in the diabetes group (3.80 vs. 2.10 ng/ml, P = 0.0021). On Spearman univariate correlation analysis, visfatin was significantly associated with resistin (r = 0.30, P = 0.0011), but not with any other anthropometric or metabolic variables, including adiponectin multimers. On multiple linear regression analysis, the only covariates independently associated with visfatin were diabetes (t = 3.11, P = 0.0024) and log resistin (t = 2.68, P = 0.0086). CONCLUSIONS Circulating visfatin is independently associated with diabetes and resistin concentration, but is not related to adiponectin multimers or other metabolic covariates. These data are suggestive of a potential role of visfatin in subclinical inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Obesity and nutrition. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:470-5. [PMID: 18769222 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328311f3cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Increase in Serum Visfatin After Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Women is Modulated by Weight Loss, Waist Circumference, and Presence or Absence of Diabetes Before Surgery. Obes Surg 2008; 18:1000-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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