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Individuals Diagnosed with Binge-Eating Disorder Have DNA Hypomethylated Sites in Genes of the Metabolic System: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051413. [PMID: 33922358 PMCID: PMC8145109 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder, recently accepted as a diagnostic category, is differentiated from bulimia nervosa in that the former shows the presence of binge-eating episodes and the absence of compensatory behavior. Epigenetics is a conjunct of mechanisms (like DNA methylation) that regulate gene expression, which are dependent on environmental changes. Analysis of DNA methylation in eating disorders shows that it is reduced. The present study aimed to analyze the genome-wide DNA methylation differences between individuals diagnosed with BED and BN. A total of 46 individuals were analyzed using the Infinium Methylation EPIC array. We found 11 differentially methylated sites between BED- and BN-diagnosed individuals, with genome-wide significance. Most of the associations were found in genes related to metabolic processes (ST3GAL4, PRKAG2, and FRK), which are hypomethylated genes in BED. Cg04781532, located in the body of the PRKAG2 gene (protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2), was hypomethylated in individuals with BED. Agonists of PRKAG2, which is the subunit of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), are proposed to treat obesity, BED, and BN. The present study contributes important insights into the effect that BED could have on PRKAG2 activation.
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Guzmán-Rodríguez S, Chávez-Reyes J, Vázquez-León P, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Rosalez MN, Allende G, Marichal-Cancino BA. 1-Boc-Piperidine-4-Carboxaldehyde Prevents Binge-Eating Behaviour and Anxiety in Rats. Pharmacology 2021; 106:305-315. [PMID: 33756489 DOI: 10.1159/000513376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperidines are biogenic amines studied mainly in toxicology because they were initially found as alkaloids from peppers and insect venoms. Piperidines are also produced in the human body, and their actions seem to be related to wakefulness/sleep and other cognitive phenomena. Piperidines have been minimally characterized for therapeutic applications. In this context, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (1-Boc-piperidine) is a piperidine-derivative molecule with no mechanism of action reported, although its uses include the synthesis of GPR119 selective agonists that have been patented as anti-obesity drugs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the effects of 1-Boc-piperidine on binge-eating behaviour and anxiety in Wistar rats. METHODS In experimental protocol 1, binge-eating behaviour was induced in animals that received pre-treatment (i.p.) with (i) vehicle (methanol 10%; 1 mL/kg), (ii) 1-Boc-piperidine (1 µmol kg-1), or (iii) 1-Boc-piperidine (10 µmol kg-1). In experimental protocol 2, mildly stressed animals were evaluated in the elevated plus maze under the acute effects of the pre-treatments applied in experimental protocol 1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1-Boc-piperidine decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the intake of calories from a succulent hyper-caloric food in a binge-eating protocol in female rats, whereas the acute exposition to this piperidine exerted an anxiolytic effect in the male rat. In both effects, the mechanism of action remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melvin N Rosalez
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Allende
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico,
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Bello NT, Yeh CY, James MH. Reduced Sensory-Evoked Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine Neural Activity in Female Rats With a History of Dietary-Induced Binge Eating. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1966. [PMID: 31551861 PMCID: PMC6737582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenergic pathways have been implicated in eating pathologies. These experiments sought to examine how dietary-induced binge eating influences the neuronal activity of the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system. Young adult female Sprague Dawley rats (7-8 weeks old) were exposed to a repeated intermittent (twice weekly) cycle of 30-min access to a highly palatable sweetened fat (i.e., vegetable shortening with 10% sucrose) with or without intermittent (24 h) calorie restriction (Restrict Binge or Binge groups, respectively). Age- and weight-matched female control rats were exposed to standard chow feeding (Naive group) or intermittent chow feeding (Restrict group). The Binge and Restrict Binge groups demonstrated an escalation in sweet-fat food intake after 2.5 weeks. On week 3, in vivo single-unit LC electrophysiological activity was recorded under isoflurane anesthesia. Restrict Binge (20 cells from six rats) and Binge (27 cells from six rats) had significantly reduced (approximate 20% and 26%, respectively) evoked LC discharge rates compared with naive rats (22 cells, seven rats). Spontaneous and tonic discharge rates were not different among the groups. Signal-to-noise ratio was reduced in the groups with intermittent sweetened fat exposure. In order to investigate the neuropeptide alterations as a consequence of dietary binge eating, relative gene expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1r), prodynorphin, and related genes were measured in LC and hypothalamic arcuate (Arc) regions. Glp-1r, Npy2r, and Pdyn in LC region were reduced with repeated intermittent restriction. Npy1r was reduced by approximately 27% in ARC of Restrict compared with Naive group. Such data indicate that dietary-induced binge eating alters the neural response of LC neurons to sensory stimuli and dampens the neural stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Morgan H James
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Keel PK, Bodell LP, Forney KJ, Appelbaum J, Williams D. Examining weight suppression as a transdiagnostic factor influencing illness trajectory in bulimic eating disorders. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112565. [PMID: 31153878 PMCID: PMC6636832 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that weight suppression (WS: defined as the difference between highest lifetime and current weight) prospectively predicts illness trajectory across eating disorders characterized by binge eating, including AN binge-purge subtype (ANbp), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), collectively referred to as bulimic eating disorders. Through a series of studies, we have developed a model to explain the link between WS and illness trajectory in bulimic eating disorders. Our model posits that WS contributes to reduced circulating leptin, which leads to reduced postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) response. Diminished leptin and GLP-1 function contribute to alterations in two reward-related constructs in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): reward value/effort and reward satiation. Respectively, these changes increase drive/motivation to consume food and decrease ability for food consumption to lead to a state of satiation/satisfaction. Combined, these alterations increase risk for experiencing large, out-of-control binge-eating episodes. The following review presents evidence that contributed to the development of this model as well as preliminary findings from an on-going project funded to test this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Diana Williams
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, USA
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Feng W, Li Q, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhao T, Mao G, Wu X, Yang L. Influence of Chronic Toxicity, Lipid Metabolism, Learning and Memory Ability, and Related Enzyme in Sprague-Dawley Rats by Long-Term Chromium Malate Supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:243-257. [PMID: 29797207 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, chromium malate is beneficial for type 2 diabetic rats in control glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to observe the chronic toxicity, lipid metabolism, learning and memory ability, and related enzymes of chromium malate in rats during the year. The results showed that pathological, toxic, feces, and urine of chromium malate (at daily doses of 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm) did not change measurably. Chromium malate (at daily doses of 15.0 and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm) could significantly reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, and triglyceride (TG), and increase the level of HDL in male rats compared to control group and chromium picolinate group. Significant escalating trends of the escape latency and swimming speed (Morris water maze test), and the original platform quadrant stops, residence time, and swimming speed (Space exploration test) in male rats of chromium malate groups were obtained. The SOD, GSH-Px, and TChE activities of chromium malate (at daily doses of 15.0 and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm) were enhanced significantly in male rats compared with those of the normal control group and chromium picolinate group. Glycometabolism and related enzymes had no significant changes compared to normal control group and chromium picolinate group. These results indicated that long-term chromium malate supplementation did not cause measurable toxicity at daily doses of 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm and could improve dyslipidemia and learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Barnes RD, Ivezaj V, Pittman BP, Grilo CM. Early weight loss predicts weight loss treatment response regardless of binge-eating disorder status and pretreatment weight change. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:558-564. [PMID: 29637592 PMCID: PMC6002900 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals seeking weight loss treatment have diverse pretreatment weight trajectories, and once enrolled, individuals' response to weight loss treatments also varies greatly and may be influenced by the presence of binge-eating disorder (BED). Reported average weight losses may obscure these considerable differences. This study examined whether BED status and different weight-related change variables are associated with successful weight loss treatment outcomes in a controlled treatment study. METHOD Participants (N = 89) with overweight/obesity, with and without BED, participated in a 3-month weight loss trial in primary care with 3- and 12-month follow-ups. We tested the prognostic significance of four weight-related change variables (the last supper, early weight loss, pretreatment weight trajectory, weight suppression) on outcomes (weight loss-overall, weight loss-"subsequent," weight loss during second half of treatment). RESULTS Early weight loss was positively associated with weight loss-overall at post-treatment, and at 3-month and 12-month follow-up. Early weight loss was positively associated with weight loss-subsequent at post-treatment only. No other weight-related variables were significantly associated with weight loss. Models including BED status and treatment condition were not significant. DISCUSSION Participants with early weight loss were more likely to continue losing weight, regardless of BED status or treatment condition. The results highlight the importance of early dedication to weight loss treatment to increase the likelihood of positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valentina Ivezaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian P. Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gotthardt JD, Bello NT. Meal pattern alterations associated with intermittent fasting for weight loss are normalized after high-fat diet re-feeding. Physiol Behav 2017; 174:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Patterned feeding induces neuroendocrine, behavioral and genetic changes that promote palatable food intake. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:412-419. [PMID: 28025575 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection of a healthy diet is the cornerstone for treating obesity and metabolic disease. Unfortunately, the majority of diets fail leading to weight regain and in some cases, pathological feeding behavior. We hypothesize that alternating bouts of caloric overconsumption and caloric restriction, behavioral manifestations of dieting induce neuroendocrine, behavioral and genetic changes that promote future bouts of palatable food intake. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we subjected male Long-Evans rats to a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding paradigm that induced a pattern of caloric overconsumption and caloric restriction. Under these conditions we measured operant responding for sucrose, pre-meal ghrelin secretion, the effects of peripheral ghrelin blockade on patterned feeding, HFD intake in an aversive environment and mRNA expression of the ghrelin receptor, orexin, orexin-1 and 2 receptors, and FTO in the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area. RESULTS Rats subjected to this feeding regimen displayed increased ghrelin levels prior to HFD exposure and blockade of this response attenuated patterned feeding behavior. In addition, patterned feeding promoted enhanced motivation for sucrose, diminished extinction of this response and increased HFD intake in an aversive environment. The neuroendocrine and behavioral changes correlated with increased hypothalamic expression of the ghrelin receptor and FTO. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data indicate that patterns of feeding that include caloric overconsumption and caloric restriction induce neuroendocrine and neurobiological changes that signify an enhanced drive for palatable food.
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Abstract
Objective To evaluate some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in feeding and eating disorders, the degree of lipid abnormalities was investigated in a large Japanese cohort of different groups of feeding and eating disorders, according to the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2012 (JAS Guidelines 2012). Methods Participants in the current study included 732 women divided into four groups of feeding and eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R); anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type; bulimia nervosa (BN); and binge-eating disorder (BED). We measured the serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride in these participants. Low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels were also calculated. Results The concentrations of LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were widely distributed in all groups. When the LDL cholesterol risk was defined as ≥120 mg/dL and the non-HDL cholesterol risk as ≥150 mg/dL, according to the JAS Guidelines 2012, the proportion of LDL cholesterol risk ranged from 29.6% (BN) to 38.6% (AN-R), and the proportion of non-HDL cholesterol risk ranged from 17.8% (BN) to 30.1% (BED). Conclusion The present findings suggest the existence of LDL cholesterol risk and non-HDL cholesterol risk in all groups of eating disorders. Given the chronicity of this condition, the development of elevated concentrations of LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol at an early age may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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A randomised cross-over pilot study investigating the use of acupuncture to promote weight loss and mental health in overweight and obese individuals participating in a weight loss program. Eat Weight Disord 2015; 20:379-87. [PMID: 25630840 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is widely used as an alternative modality for weight loss. Despite its increasing use, few acupuncture studies have evaluated the effect of a weight loss program on the mental health of obese/overweight participants and none have looked at the effect on those with eating, weight and shape concerns. OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility of conducting an acupuncture study involving overweight or obese individuals undertaking a weight loss program with particular reference to those with eating concerns. METHODS Thirty-five overweight/obese males and females participated in a single-blinded randomised cross-over study. The two intervention phases were: (1) nutritional counselling plus Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) acupuncture and (2) nutritional counselling plus sham acupuncture. OUTCOME MEASURES This study evaluates the feasibility and practicalities of the study including recruitment, retention, adverse events, effectiveness for defining eating and weight concerns, study design and statistics for power calculations. CONCLUSION The outcome measures, the recruitment of those with eating and weight concerns and the acceptability of the intervention demonstrate a larger trial investigating the use of acupuncture for weight loss in those who have elevated eating and weight concerns is feasible.
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Macpherson-Sánchez AE. Integrating fundamental concepts of obesity and eating disorders: implications for the obesity epidemic. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e71-85. [PMID: 25713933 PMCID: PMC4358173 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiological mechanisms promote weight gain after famine. Because eating disorders, obesity, and dieting limit food intake, they are famine-like experiences. The development of the concept of meeting an ideal weight was the beginning of increasing obesity. Weight stigma, the perception of being fat, lack of understanding of normal growth and development, and increased concern about obesity on the part of health providers, parents, and caregivers have reinforced each other to promote dieting. Because weight suppression and disinhibition provoke long-term weight increase, dieting is a major factor producing the obesity epidemic. The integrated eating disorder-obesity theory included in this article emphasizes that, contrary to dieters, lifetime weight maintainers depend on physiological processes to control weight and experience minimal weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Macpherson-Sánchez
- Ann E. Macpherson-Sánchez is with the Department of Agricultural Education, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez
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Shingleton RM, Thompson-Brenner H, Thompson DR, Pratt EM, Franko DL. Gender differences in clinical trials of binge eating disorder: An analysis of aggregated data. J Consult Clin Psychol 2015; 83:382-6. [PMID: 25730521 DOI: 10.1037/a0038849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine gender differences in baseline and outcome variables in clinical trials for binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD Data from 11 randomized controlled psychosocial treatment studies were aggregated (N = 1,325: 208 male, 1,117 female). Baseline and outcome symptoms were assessed via the interview and questionnaire versions of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Multilevel analyses were conducted investigating gender differences at baseline and posttreatment, defined as EDE scores, objective binge episode (OBE) reduction, and OBE remission at termination. RESULTS Few males from low socioeconomic status or minority groups participated in the outcome studies. Males reported significantly lower EDE global, shape, weight, and eating concerns at baseline. No main effects of gender were found in treatment outcome scores when controlling for baseline differences; however, baseline EDE global score (which showed gender differences at baseline) and OBEs directly predicted outcome for both males and females. A significant interaction between gender, treatment length, and shape/weight concerns indicated that males with lower shape/weight concerns achieved OBE remission in shorter treatments, whereas men with high shape/weight concerns and women with either high or low shape/weight concerns were more likely to achieve OBE remission in treatments of longer duration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest BED treatment studies must improve their recruitment of men and appeal to men with lower shape/weight concerns. Additionally, longer term treatments, although more efficacious for women and men with more severe shape/weight concerns, may not be necessary for men with low shape/weight concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debra L Franko
- Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University
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Cori GDC, Petty MLB, Alvarenga MDS. Atitudes de nutricionistas em relação a indivíduos obesos – um estudo exploratório. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:565-76. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015202.05832014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo foi identificar atitudes de nutricionistas em relação à obesidade; envolvendo crenças sobre características atribuídas às pessoas obesas, fatores de desenvolvimento e a obesidade em si. Os participantes (N = 344; 97,1% mulheres) foram contatados via conselho profissional e responderam a pesquisa online. As questões do estudo foram adaptadas de trabalhos internacionais com as respostas analisadas por frequência de concordância. As respostas indicaram forte estigmatização da obesidade e preconceito contra o obeso, atribuindo características como: guloso (67,4%), não atraente (52,0%), desajeitado (55,1%), sem determinação (43,6%) e preguiçoso (42,3%). E considerando entre os mais importantes fatores causais: alterações emocionais e de humor, vício ou dependência de comida e baixa autoestima. Esta temática deve ser mais pesquisada uma vez que tais atitudes podem impactar a eficácia do tratamento; também para discussão e formação ampla sobre os significados da obesidade, e tratamento mais individualizado e humanizado para pacientes obesos.
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Solmi F, Hatch SL, Hotopf M, Treasure J, Micali N. Prevalence and correlates of disordered eating in a general population sample: the South East London Community Health (SELCoH) study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:1335-46. [PMID: 24441522 PMCID: PMC4108843 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disordered eating has been shown to be more prevalent than full eating disorders diagnoses. However, research on its prevalence, socio-demographic, psychological correlates, and patterns of service use in multi-ethnic samples is still limited. This paper explores these associations in a South London-based (UK) sample. METHODS The South East London Community Health (SELCoH) study is a general population survey (N = 1,698) of individuals aged 16+. Disordered eating was defined as ≥2 positive answers at the SCOFF questionnaire. Crude and adjusted logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were fit to investigate associations between socio-demographic characteristics, disordered eating, psychiatric comorbidity, and service use. RESULTS A total of 164 (10 %) participants reported disordered eating and the majority were from ethnic minorities. In adjusted models, Asian ethnicity was associated with purging, loss of control eating and preoccupation with food. Individuals with disordered eating had higher odds of screening positive for post-traumatic stress disorder and personality disorders and of having anxiety/mood disorders, suicidal ideation/attempts, hazardous levels of drinking, and used drugs in the previous year. Only 36 % of individuals with disordered eating had sought professional help in the previous 12 months mostly through their general practitioner (27.4 %), followed by psychotherapists (12.8 %) and mental health specialists (5.5 %). CONCLUSION This study found a high prevalence of disordered eating, especially amongst ethnic minorities, and associations with a number of psychiatric conditions. Overall few participants accessed specialist services. These findings suggest that both disordered eating manifestations amongst ethnic minorities and access to care need better investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Solmi
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | - S. L. Hatch
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Hotopf
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - J. Treasure
- Eating Disorders Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - N. Micali
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
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Balodis IM, Molina ND, Kober H, Worhunsky PD, White MA, Sinha R, Grilo CM, Potenza MN. Divergent neural substrates of inhibitory control in binge eating disorder relative to other manifestations of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:367-77. [PMID: 23404820 PMCID: PMC3610836 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An important endeavor involves increasing our understanding of biobehavioral processes underlying different types of obesity. The current study investigated the neural correlates of cognitive control (involving conflict monitoring and response inhibition) in obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) as compared to BMI-matched non-BED obese (OB) individuals and lean comparison (LC) participants. Alterations in cognitive control may contribute to differences in behavioral control over eating behaviors in BED and obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing the Stroop color-word interference task. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Relative to the OB and LC groups, activity in the BED group was differentiated by relative hypoactivity in brain areas involved in self-regulation and impulse control. Specifically, the BED group showed diminished activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and insula during Stroop performance. In addition, dietary restraint scores were negatively correlated with right IFG and vmPFC activation in the BED group, but not in the OB or HC groups. Thus, BED individuals' diminished ability to recruit impulse-control-related brain regions appears associated with impaired dietary restraint. The observed differences in neural correlates of inhibitory processing in BED relative to OB and LC groups suggest distinct eurobiological contributions to binge eating as a subgroup of obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M. Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D. Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick D. Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marney A. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Corresponding Author: Marc N. Potenza, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Rm 726, New Haven, CT 06519, Tel: 203-737-3553;
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White MA, Grilo CM, O'Malley SS, Potenza MN. Clinical case discussion: binge eating disorder, obesity and tobacco smoking. J Addict Med 2012; 4:11-9. [PMID: 20436923 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0b013e3181ce38c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marney A White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
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Pistorio E, Luca M, Luca A, Messina V, Calandra C. Autonomic nervous system and lipid metabolism: findings in anxious-depressive spectrum and eating disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:192. [PMID: 22034981 PMCID: PMC3215932 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate lipid metabolism and autonomic dysfunction with anxious-depressive spectrum and eating disorders. To propose the lipid index (LI) as a new possible biomarker. METHODS 95 patients and 60 controls were enrolled from the University Psychiatry Unit of Catania and from general practitioners (GPs). The patients were divided into four pathological groups: Anxiety, Depression, Anxious-Depressive Disorder and Eating Disorders [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) official/appendix criteria]. The levels of the cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoproteins A and B were determined. The LI, for each subject, was obtained through a mathematical operation on the values of the cholesterol and triglycerides levels compared with the maximum cut-off of the general population. The autonomic functioning was tested with Ewing battery tests. Particularly, the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) and lipid metabolism has been investigated. RESULTS Pathological and control groups, compared among each other, presented some peculiarities in the lipid metabolism and the autonomic dysfunction scores. In addition, a statistically significant correlation has been found between HRV and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Lipid metabolism and autonomic functioning seem to be related to the discussed psychiatric disorders. LI, in addition, could represent a new possible biomarker to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pistorio
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Carmela Calandra
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
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Roehrig M, Masheb RM, White MA, Rothschild BS, Burke-Martindale CH, Grilo CM. Chronic dieting among extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates. Obes Surg 2009; 19:1116-23. [PMID: 19495894 PMCID: PMC3671950 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-9865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates report numerous episodes of both successful and unsuccessful dieting attempts, but little is known about the clinical significance of frequent dieting attempts in this patient group. METHODS The current study examined psychological and weight-related correlates of self-reported dieting frequency in 219 bariatric surgery candidates (29 men and 190 women). Prior to surgery, patients completed a battery of established self-report assessments. Patients were dichotomized into chronic dieters (n=109) and intermittent dieters (n=110) based on a median split of self-reported percent time spent dieting during adulthood. The two dieting groups were compared on demographics, eating and weight history, eating disorder psychopathology, and global functioning. RESULTS Chronic dieters had significantly lower pre-operative body mass indexes (BMIs), lower highest-ever BMIs, more episodes of weight cycling, and earlier ages of onset for overweight and dieting than intermittent dieters. After controlling for differences in BMI, chronic dieters were found to have statistically but not clinically significant elevations in eating concerns, dietary restraint, and body dissatisfaction than infrequent dieters. The two groups, however, did not differ significantly on depressive symptoms, self-esteem, or health-related quality of life; nor did they differ in binge-eating status. CONCLUSIONS Chronic dieting is commonly reported among extremely obese bariatric candidates and is not associated with poorer psychological functioning or binge eating and may be beneficial in attenuating even greater weight gain. Our findings provide preliminary data to suggest that requiring additional presurgical weight loss attempts may not be warranted for the vast majority of extremely obese bariatric candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Roehrig
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 301 Cedar St., 2nd Floor, P.O. Box 208098, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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