1
|
Chen T, Li S, Wang L. Semaphorins in tumor microenvironment: Biological mechanisms and therapeutic progress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112035. [PMID: 38603857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hallmark features of the tumor microenvironment include immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a conducive environment for the growth and survival of tumors. Recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology have highlighted the functional role of semaphorins (SEMAs). SEMAs are a large and diverse family of widely expressed secreted and membrane-binding proteins, which were initially implicated in axon guidance and neural development. However, it is now clear that they are widely expressed beyond the nervous system and participate in regulating immune responses and cancer progression. In fact, accumulating evidence disclosed that different SEMAs can either stimulate or restrict tumor progression, some of which act as important regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Conversely, limited information is known about the functional relevance of SEMA signals in TME. In this setting, we systematically elaborate the role SEMAs and their major receptors played in characterized components of TME. Furthermore, we provide a convergent view of current SEMAs pharmacological progress in clinical treatment and also put forward their potential application value and clinical prospects in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shazhou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osei-Hwedieh DO, Sedlacek AL, Hernandez LM, Yamoah AA, Iyer SG, Weiss KR, Binder RJ. Immunosurveillance shapes the emergence of neo-epitope landscapes of sarcomas, revealing prime targets for immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170324. [PMID: 37427594 PMCID: PMC10371341 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells recognize tumor-derived mutated peptides presented on MHC by tumors. The recognition of these neo-epitopes leads to rejection of tumors, an event that is critical for successful cancer immunosurveillance. Determination of tumor-rejecting neo-epitopes in human tumors has proved difficult, though recently developed systems approaches are becoming increasingly useful at evaluating their immunogenicity. We have used the differential aggretope index to determine the neo-epitope burden of sarcomas and observed a conspicuously titrated antigenic landscape, ranging from the highly antigenic osteosarcomas to the low antigenic leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas. We showed that the antigenic landscape of the tumors inversely reflected the historical T cell responses in the tumor-bearing patients. We predicted that highly antigenic tumors with poor antitumor T cell responses, such as osteosarcomas, would be responsive to T cell-based immunotherapy regimens and demonstrated this in a murine osteosarcoma model. Our study presents a potentially novel pipeline for determining antigenicity of human tumors, provides an accurate predictor of potential neo-epitopes, and will be an important indicator of which cancers to target with T cell-enhancing immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt R. Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Z, Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:731-756. [PMID: 37275444 PMCID: PMC10237026 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Yi Z, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Liu X. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Intratumor Microbes as Immunomodulators in Colorectal Cancer. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0503822. [PMID: 36786568 PMCID: PMC10100960 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05038-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that intratumor microbes are an essential part of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we performed an integrated analysis of genetic, epigenetic, and intratumor microbial factors to unravel the potential remodeling mechanisms of immune-cell infiltration (ICI) and tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We identified the components and structure of the intratumor microbiome as primary contributors to the difference in survival between ICI subtypes. Multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and immune-related genes were associated with intratumor microbial abundance. Additionally, we found that Clostridium was enriched in CRC patients who were nonsensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. We further provided clues that the intratumor microbes might influence the response to ICB therapy by mediating TIICs, especially MAIT (mucosa-associated invariant T) cells. Finally, three ICB-related TIICs and 22 of their associated microbes showed the potential to predict the response to ICB therapy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 89%). Our findings highlight the crucial role of intratumor microbes in affecting immune-cell infiltration patterns, prognosis, and therapy response of CRC and provide insights for improving current immunotherapeutic treatment strategies and prognosis for CRC patients. IMPORTANCE Using the multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort, we estimated the tumor microenvironment (TME) infiltration patterns of patients and unraveled the interplay of gene expression, epigenetic modification, and the intratumor microbiome. This study suggests the impact of intratumor microbes on maintaining the tumor immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of CRC and modulating the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. We identified a set of combined features, including 3 ICB-related tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and 22 of their associated microbes, that are predictive of ICB responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoding Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yi
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qisha Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology—Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tambunlertchai S, Geary SM, Salem AK. Topically Applied Resiquimod versus Imiquimod as a Potential Adjuvant in Melanoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102076. [PMID: 36297510 PMCID: PMC9611754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and surgery remains the preferred and most effective treatment. Nevertheless, there are cases where surgery is not a viable method and alternative treatments are therefore adopted. One such treatment that has been tested is topical 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream, which, although showing promise as a treatment for melanoma, has been found to have undesirable off-target effects. Resiquimod (RSQ) is an immunomodulatory molecule that can activate immune responses by binding to Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 and may be more effective than IMQ in the context of melanoma treatment. RSQ can cross the stratum corneum (SC) easily without requiring pretreatment of the skin. In a gel formulation, RSQ has been studied as a monotherapy and adjuvant for melanoma treatment in pre-clinical studies and as an adjuvant in clinical settings. Although side effects of RSQ in gel formulation were also reported, they were never severe enough for the treatment to be suspended. In this review, we discuss the potential use of RSQ as an adjuvant for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mao Y, Hu Z, Xu X, Xu J, Wu C, Jiang F, Zhou G. Identification of a prognostic model based on costimulatory molecule-related subtypes and characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Genet 2022; 13:973319. [PMID: 36061194 PMCID: PMC9437340 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.973319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory molecules have been found to play significant roles in anti-tumor immune responses, and are deemed to serve as promising targets for adjunctive cancer immunotherapies. However, the roles of costimulatory molecule-related genes (CMRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. In this study, we described the CMRG alterations in the genetic and transcriptional fields in AML samples chosen from two datasets. We next evaluated their expression and identified two distinct costimulatory molecule subtypes, which showed that the alterations of CMRGs related to clinical features, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis of patients with AML. Then, a costimulatory molecule-based signature for predicting the overall survival of AML patients was constructed, and the predictive capability of the proposed signature was validated in AML patients. Moreover, the constructed costimulatory molecule risk model was significantly associated with chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of AML patients. In addition, the identified genes in the proposed prognostic signature might play roles in pediatric AML. CMRGs were found to be potentially important in the AML through our comprehensive analysis. These findings may contribute to improving our understanding of CMRGs in patients with AML, as well as provide new opportunities to assess prognosis and develop more effective immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wuxi Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Zhou, ; Feng Jiang,
| | - Guoping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Zhou, ; Feng Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang N, Zhang X, Chen Q, Kantawong F, Wan S, Liu J, Li H, Zhou J, Lu B, Wu J. Identification of a Mitochondria-Related Gene Signature to Predict the Prognosis in AML. Front Oncol 2022; 12:823831. [PMID: 35359394 PMCID: PMC8960857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.823831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-related metabolic reprogramming plays a major role in the occurrence, development, drug resistance, and recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the roles of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in the prognosis and immune microenvironment for AML patients remain largely unknown. In this study, by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, 4 MRGs’ (HPDL, CPT1A, IDH3A, and ETFB) signature was established that demonstrated good robustness in TARGET AML datasets. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses both demonstrated that the MRG signature was a robust independent prognostic factor in overall survival prediction with high accuracy for AML patients. Based on the risk score calculated by the signature, samples were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that the MRG signature is involved in the immune-related pathways. Via immune infiltration analysis and immunosuppressive genes analysis, we found that MRG risk of AML patients was strikingly positively correlated with an immune cell infiltration and expression of critical immune checkpoints, indicating that the poor prognosis might be caused by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In summary, the signature based on MRGs could act as an independent risk factor for predicting the clinical prognosis of AML and could also reflect an association with the immunosuppressive microenvironment, providing a novel method for AML metabolic and immune therapy based on the regulation of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Foreign Language School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xinzhuo Zhang
- Foreign Language School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shengli Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Bin Lu,
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Bin Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jones JO, Moody WM, Shields JD. Microenvironmental modulation of the developing tumour: an immune-stromal dialogue. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2600-2633. [PMID: 32741067 PMCID: PMC8486574 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful establishment of a tumour relies on a cascade of interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells within an evolving microenvironment. Both immune and nonimmune cellular components are key factors in this process, and the individual players may change their role from tumour elimination to tumour promotion as the microenvironment develops. While the tumour-stroma crosstalk present in an established tumour is well-studied, aspects in the early tumour or premalignant microenvironment have received less attention. This is in part due to the challenges in studying this process in the clinic or in mouse models. Here, we review the key anti- and pro-tumour factors in the early microenvironment and discuss how understanding this process may be exploited in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James O. Jones
- MRC Cancer UnitHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of OncologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - William M. Moody
- MRC Cancer UnitHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang YH, Lin CC, Yao CY, Hsu CL, Tsai CH, Hou HA, Chou WC, Tien HF. Immune signatures of bone marrow cells can independently predict prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:156-168. [PMID: 34536013 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the role of the immune microenvironment and associated signalling in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Nevertheless, the clinical relevancy of immune signals in patients with MDS remains elusive. To address this, we used single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis to score immune signatures of bone marrow (BM) samples from 176 patients with primary MDS. Enhanced signatures of 'immature dendritic cells' and 'natural killer cells with cluster of differentiation (CD)56bright' were correlated with better overall survival (OS), whilst higher 'CD103+ signature' was associated with reduced survival. An MDS-Immune-Risk (MIR) scoring system was constructed based on the weighted sums derived from Cox regression analysis. High MIR scores were correlated with higher revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) scores and mutations in ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1), Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), and tumour protein p53 (TP53). High-score patients had significantly inferior leukaemia-free survival (LFS) and OS than low-score patients. The prognostic significance of MIR scores for survival remained valid across IPSS-R subgroups and was validated in two independent cohorts. Multivariable analysis revealed that a higher MIR score was an independent adverse risk factor for LFS and OS. We further proposed a model with the combination of MIR score and gene mutations to be complementary to IPSS-R for the prognostication of LFS and OS of patients with MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Yao
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Tsai
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao TJ, Zhu N, Shi YN, Wang YX, Zhang CJ, Deng CF, Liao DF, Qin L. Targeting HDL in tumor microenvironment: New hope for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7853-7873. [PMID: 34018609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that plasma HDL-C levels are closely related to the risk of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and other malignancies. As one of the key carriers of cholesterol regulation, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer development through anti-inflammation, antioxidation, immune-modulation, and mediating cholesterol transportation in cancer cells and noncancer cells. In addition, the occurrence and progression of cancer are closely related to the alteration of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells synthesize and secrete a variety of cytokines and other factors to promote the reprogramming of surrounding cells and shape the microenvironment suitable for cancer survival. By analyzing the effect of HDL on the infiltrating immune cells in the TME, as well as the relationship between HDL and tumor-associated angiogenesis, it is suggested that a moderate increase in the level of HDL in vivo with consequent improvement of the function of HDL in the TME and induction of intracellular cholesterol efflux may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Jun Zhao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Feng Deng
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Azuma M, Ebihara T, Oshiumi H, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Cross-priming for antitumor CTL induced by soluble Ag + polyI:C depends on the TICAM-1 pathway in mouse CD11c(+)/CD8α(+) dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:581-592. [PMID: 22934250 PMCID: PMC3429562 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PolyI:C is a nucleotide pattern molecule that induces cross-presentation of foreign Ag in myeloid dendritic cells (DC) and MHC Class I-dependent proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). DC (BM or spleen CD8α+) have sensors for dsRNA including polyI:C to signal facilitating cross-presentation. Endosomal TLR3 and cytoplasmic RIG-I/MDA5 are reportedly responsible for polyI:C sensing and presumed to deliver signal for cross-presentation via TICAM-1 (TRIF) and IPS-1 (MAVS, Cardif, VISA) adaptors, respectively. In fact, when tumor-associated Ag (TAA) was simultaneously taken up with polyI:C in DC, the DC cross-primed CTL specific to the TAA in a syngenic mouse model. Here we tested which of the TICAM-1 or IPS-1 pathway participate in cross-presentation of tumor-associated soluble Ag and retardation of tumor growth in the setting with a syngeneic tumor implant system, EG7/C57BL6, and exogenously challenged soluble Ag (EG7 lysate) and polyI:C. When EG7 lysate and polyI:C were subcutaneously injected in tumor-bearing mice, EG7 tumor growth retardation was observed in wild-type and to a lesser extent IPS-1−/− mice, but not TICAM-1−/− mice. IRF-3/7 were essential but IPS-1 and type I IFN were minimally involved in the polyI:C-mediated CTL proliferation. Although both TICAM-1 and IPS-1 contributed to CD86/CD40 upregulation in CD8α+ DC, H2Kb-SL8 tetramer and OT-1 proliferation assays indicated that OVA-recognizing CD8 T cells predominantly proliferated in vivo through TICAM-1 and CD8α+ DC is crucial in ex vivo analysis. Ultimately, tumor regresses > 8 d post polyI:C administration. The results infer that soluble tumor Ag induces tumor growth retardation, i.e., therapeutic potential, if the TICAM-1 signal coincidentally occurs in CD8α+ DC around the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Azuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dragomir MP, Moisoiu V, Manaila R, Pardini B, Knutsen E, Anfossi S, Amit M, Calin GA. A Holistic Perspective: Exosomes Shuttle between Nerves and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113529. [PMID: 33142779 PMCID: PMC7693842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the limitations of cancer research has been the restricted focus on tumor cells and the omission of other non-malignant cells that are constitutive elements of this systemic disease. Current research is focused on the bidirectional communication between tumor cells and other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as immune and endothelial cells, and nerves. A major success of this bidirectional approach has been the development of immunotherapy. Recently, a more complex landscape involving a multi-lateral communication between the non-malignant components of the TME started to emerge. A prime example is the interplay between immune and endothelial cells, which led to the approval of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and classical chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Hence, a paradigm shift approach is to characterize the crosstalk between different non-malignant components of the TME and understand their role in tumorigenesis. In this perspective, we discuss the interplay between nerves and immune cells within the TME. In particular, we focus on exosomes and microRNAs as a systemic, rapid and dynamic communication channel between tumor cells, nerves and immune cells contributing to cancer progression. Finally, we discuss how combinatorial therapies blocking this tumorigenic cross-talk could lead to improved outcomes for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.P.D.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Roxana Manaila
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Simone Anfossi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.P.D.); (G.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roth S, Zamzow K, Gaida MM, Heikenwälder M, Tjaden C, Hinz U, Bose P, Michalski CW, Hackert T. Evolution of the immune landscape during progression of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms to invasive cancer. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102714. [PMID: 32259711 PMCID: PMC7132171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer, which is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Yet, the spatial distribution of the immune infiltrate and how it changes during IPMN progression is just beginning to be understood. METHODS We obtained tissue samples from patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for IPMN, and performed comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the clinical significance, composition and spatial organization of the immune microenvironment during progression of IPMNs. Survival analysis of pancreatic cancer patients was stratified by tumour infiltrating immune cell subtypes. FINDINGS The immune microenvironment evolves from a diverse T cell mixture, comprising CD8+ T cells, Th/c1 and Th/c2 as major players combined with Th9, Th/c17, Th22, and Treg cells in low-grade IPMN, to a Treg dominated immunosuppressive state in invasive pancreatic cancer. Organized lymphoid clusters formed in IPMN surrounding stroma and accumulated immunosuppressive cell types during tumour progression. Survival of pancreatic cancer patients correlated with Th2 signatures in the tumour microenvironment. INTERPRETATION The major change with regards to T cell composition during IPMN progression occurs at the step of tissue invasion, indicating that malignant transformation only occurs when tumour immune surveillance is overcome. This suggests that novel immunotherapies that would boost spontaneous antitumor immunity at premalignant states could prevent pancreatic cancer development. FUNDING The present work was supported by German Cancer Aid grants (70,112,720 and 70,113,167) to S. R., and the Olympia Morata Programme of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University to S. R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roth
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Zamzow
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Tjaden
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Hinz
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Promita Bose
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Michalski
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Halle University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
da Cunha BR, Domingos C, Stefanini ACB, Henrique T, Polachini GM, Castelo-Branco P, Tajara EH. Cellular Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Secretome. J Cancer 2019; 10:4574-4587. [PMID: 31528221 PMCID: PMC6746126 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, it has become evident that cancer initiation and progression depends on several components of the tumor microenvironment, including inflammatory and immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and extracellular matrix. These components of the tumor microenvironment and the neoplastic cells interact with each other providing pro and antitumor signals. The tumor-stroma communication occurs directly between cells or via a variety of molecules secreted, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and microRNAs. This secretome, which derives not only from tumor cells but also from cancer-associated stromal cells, is an important source of key regulators of the tumorigenic process. Their screening and characterization could provide useful biomarkers to improve cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Domingos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mussi Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Eloiza Helena Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hinshaw DC, Shevde LA. The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4557-4566. [PMID: 31350295 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1773] [Impact Index Per Article: 354.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma. Cancer cells can functionally sculpt their microenvironment through the secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and other factors. This results in a reprogramming of the surrounding cells, enabling them to play a determinative role in tumor survival and progression. Immune cells are important constituents of the tumor stroma and critically take part in this process. Growing evidence suggests that the innate immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and natural killer cells) as well as adaptive immune cells (T cells and B cells) contribute to tumor progression when present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cross-talk between cancer cells and the proximal immune cells ultimately results in an environment that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Understanding the nature of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that simultaneously target multiple components of the TME, increasing the likelihood of favorable patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C Hinshaw
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Teoh YL, Kuan LY, Chong WS, Chia HY, Thng TGS, Chuah SY. The role of reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma in situ treated with photodynamic therapy. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1382-1387. [PMID: 31286498 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is increasingly used for noninvasive in vivo diagnosis of skin cancers. We seek to determine if RCM is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) posttreatment to document clearance. METHODS A pilot prospective study enrolled 10 patients with a total of 11 SCCIS lesions. Clinical, confocal, histological features and fluorescence diagnosis (FD) were recorded pre- and posttreatment. RESULTS Four SCCIS lesions underwent RCM imaging prior to biopsy, while 11 SCCIS lesions were followed up with RCM imaging. Clinical features of persistent SCCIS post-PDT in four out of 11 follow-up cases were confirmed with RCM and FD. There were no RCM features of SCCIS in seven lesions which were clinically cured. All eight (four new SCCIS and four follow-up) cases displayed atypical honeycomb pattern. Two cases (25%) showed numerous epidermal dendritic cells, while small bright refractive cells were present in the epidermis in two lesions (25%). Round blood vessels in the superficial dermis were seen in four lesions (50%), while three lesions (37.5%) showed dermal inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION There was good correlation between histological and confocal features in patients who underwent RCM imaging prior to biopsy. RCM may be a complementary tool in diagnosing SCCIS and to monitor response to nonsurgical treatment by avoiding unnecessary biopsies especially in lesions with persistent residual postinflammatory erythema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee L Teoh
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Y Kuan
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Sheng Chong
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Y Chia
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien G S Thng
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sai Y Chuah
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Banik G, Betts CB, Liudahl SM, Sivagnanam S, Kawashima R, Cotechini T, Larson W, Goecks J, Pai SI, Clayburgh DR, Tsujikawa T, Coussens LM. High-dimensional multiplexed immunohistochemical characterization of immune contexture in human cancers. Methods Enzymol 2019; 635:1-20. [PMID: 32122539 PMCID: PMC7390987 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker assessments of tumor specimens is widely used in cancer research to audit tumor cell intrinsic as well as tumor cell extrinsic features including the diversity of immune, stromal, and mesenchymal cells. To comprehensively and quantitatively audit the tumor-immune microenvironment (TiME), we developed a novel multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) platform and computational image processing workflow using a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue section. Herein, we validated this platform using nine matched primary newly diagnosed and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) sections sequentially subjected to immunodetection with a panel of 29 antibodies identifying malignant tumor cells, and 17 distinct leukocyte lineages and their functional states. Image cytometric analysis was applied to interpret chromogenic signals from digitally scanned and coregistered light microscopy-based images enabling identification and quantification of individual tumor cells, structural features, immune cell phenotypes and their functional state. In agreement with our previous study via a 12-plex imaging mIHC platform, myeloid-inflamed status in newly diagnosed primary tumors associated with significantly short progression free survival, independent of lymphoid-inflamed status. Spatial distribution of tumor and immune cell lineages in TiME was also examined and revealed statistically significant CD8+ T cell exclusion from tumor nests, whereas regulatory T cells and myeloid cells, when present in close proximity to tumor cells, highly associated with rapid cancer recurrence. These findings indicate presence of differential immune-spatial profiles in newly diagnosed and recurrent HNSCC, and establish the robustness of the 29-plex mIHC platform and associated analytics for quantitative analysis of single tissue sections revealing longitudinal TiME changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Banik
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Courtney B Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shannon M Liudahl
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rie Kawashima
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tiziana Cotechini
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William Larson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sara I Pai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R Clayburgh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Knight Cancer Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Operative Care Division, Portland Veterans' Affairs Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Knight Cancer Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mastelic-Gavillet B, Balint K, Boudousquie C, Gannon PO, Kandalaft LE. Personalized Dendritic Cell Vaccines-Recent Breakthroughs and Encouraging Clinical Results. Front Immunol 2019; 10:766. [PMID: 31031762 PMCID: PMC6470191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of combined immunotherapies, personalized dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination could integrate the current standard of care for the treatment of a large variety of tumors. Due to their proficiency at antigen presentation, DC are key coordinators of the innate and adaptive immune system, and have critical roles in the induction of antitumor immunity. However, despite proven immunogenicity and favorable safety profiles, DC-based immunotherapies have not succeeded at inducing significant objective clinical responses. Emerging data suggest that the combination of DC-based vaccination with other cancer therapies may fully unleash the potential of DC-based cancer vaccines and improve patient survival. In this review, we discuss the recent efforts to develop innovative personalized DC-based vaccines and their use in combined therapies, with a particular focus on ovarian cancer and the promising results of mutanome-based personalized immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Department of Oncology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klara Balint
- Department of Oncology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Boudousquie
- Department of Oncology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe O Gannon
- Department of Oncology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fulop T, Witkowski JM, Olivieri F, Larbi A. The integration of inflammaging in age-related diseases. Semin Immunol 2018; 40:17-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Vatner RE, Janssen EM. STING, DCs and the link between innate and adaptive tumor immunity. Mol Immunol 2017; 110:13-23. [PMID: 29273394 PMCID: PMC6768428 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and the immune system are intimately related. Much of the bulk of tumors is comprised of stromal leukocytes with immune functions, which serve to both promote and inhibit tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are essential for tumor immunity, and these T cells are generated by cross-priming against tumor associated antigens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in this process, serving as the cellular link between innate and adaptive immunity. As a prerequisite for priming of adaptive immune responses, DCs must take up tumor antigens, process them and present them in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). DCs also serve as sensors of innate activation signals from cancer that are necessary for their activation and effective priming of cancer specific T cells. Here we discuss the role of DCs in the sensing of cancer and in priming the adaptive response against tumors. Furthermore, we present the essential role of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) signaling pathway in producing type I interferons (IFNs) that are essential in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Vatner
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7038, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 234 Goodman Street, ML 0757, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7038, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lundgren S, Karnevi E, Elebro J, Nodin B, Karlsson MCI, Eberhard J, Leandersson K, Jirström K. The clinical importance of tumour-infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in periampullary adenocarcinoma differs by morphological subtype. J Transl Med 2017; 15:152. [PMID: 28673320 PMCID: PMC5496326 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DC) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) are essential in linking the innate and adaptive immune response against tumour cells and tumour progression. These cells are also potential target for immunotherapy as well as providing a handle to investigate immune status in the tumour microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to examine their impact on prognosis and chemotherapy response in periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, with particular reference to morphological subtype. Methods The density of tolerogenic immature CD1a+ dendritic cells (DC), and MARCO+, CD68+ and CD163+ tissue-associated macrophages (TAM) was analysed by immunohistochemistry in tissue micro arrays with tumours from 175 consecutive cases of periampullary adenocarcinoma who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy, 110 with pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) and 65 with intestinal type (I-type) morphology. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the impact of immune cell infiltration on 5-year overall survival (OS). Results High density of CD1a+ DCs was an independent prognostic factor for a reduced OS in PB-type but not in I-type tumours (adjusted HR = 2.35; 95% CI 1.13–4.87). High density of CD68+ and CD163+ TAM was significantly associated with poor OS in the whole cohort, however only in unadjusted analysis (HR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.06–2.63, and HR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.09–3.09, respectively) and not in strata according to morphological subtype. High density of MARCO+ macrophages was significantly associated with poor prognosis in I-type but not in PB-type tumours (HR = 2.14 95% CI 1.03–4.44), and this association was only evident in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognostic value of the other investigated immune cells did not differ significantly in strata according to adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions The results from this study demonstrate that high infiltration of tolerogenic immature DCs independently predicts a shorter survival in patients with PB-type periampullary adenocarcinoma, and that high density of the MARCO+ subtype of TAMs predicts a shorter survival in patients with I-type tumours. These results emphasise the importance of taking morphological subtype into account in biomarker studies related to periampullary cancer, and indicate that therapies targeting dendritic cells may be of value in the treatment of PB-type tumours, which are associated with the worst prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1256-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emelie Karnevi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qi S, Li H, Lu L, Qi Z, Liu L, Chen L, Shen G, Fu L, Luo Q, Zhang Z. Long-term intravital imaging of the multicolor-coded tumor microenvironment during combination immunotherapy. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27855783 PMCID: PMC5173323 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined-immunotherapy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) is one of the most efficient treatments for melanoma patients. However, no synergistic effects of CTX and ACT on the spatio-temporal dynamics of immunocytes in vivo have been described. Here, we visualized key cell events in immunotherapy-elicited immunoreactions in a multicolor-coded tumor microenvironment, and then established an optimal strategy of metronomic combined-immunotherapy to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Intravital imaging data indicated that regulatory T cells formed an 'immunosuppressive ring' around a solid tumor. The CTX-ACT combined-treatment elicited synergistic immunoreactions in tumor areas, which included relieving the immune suppression, triggering the transient activation of endogenous tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, increasing the accumulation of adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and accelerating the infiltration of dendritic cells. These insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of immunocytes are beneficial for optimizing immunotherapy and provide new approaches for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the involvement of immunocytes in cancer immunotherapy. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14756.001 Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that is particularly difficult to treat. A new approach that has shown a lot of promise in treating many different cancers, including melanoma, is called “immunotherapy”. This technique harnesses the immune system – the body’s natural defences that help to protect against infections and disease – to combat cancer. One powerful type of immunotherapy involves injecting patients with cells called lymphocytes, which form part of the immune system. This is known as adoptive cell therapy and can activate the immune system to fight cancer, helping to shrink tumors. This treatment can be made even more powerful by combining it with a drug called cyclophosphamide and this combination, known as CTX-ACT, is currently one of the most efficient treatments for melanoma. Yet, little information is available to indicate why this treatment is so effective. Using mice implanted with melanoma cells, Qi, Li et al. sought to understand how CTX-ACT treatment works, with the goal of optimising it to increase its success. The results showed that a protective barrier of immune cells that suppresses the anti-tumor immune response – called an “immunosuppressive ring” – surrounds untreated tumors. CTX-ACT treatment can breakdown these rings, helping to reactivate the anti-tumor immune reaction in the tumors. This allows both the injected and mouse’s own immune cells to move into the tumor and destroy cancer cells. Qi, Li et al. used their findings to optimise treatment and succeeded in controlling tumor growth in the mice for several weeks. These new insights could be used to improve current immunotherapies, and offer new approaches for investigating the involvement of immune cells in the treatment of a wide range of different cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14756.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Qi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyang Qi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Frick SU, Domogalla MP, Baier G, Wurm FR, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Steinbrink K. Interleukin-2 Functionalized Nanocapsules for T Cell-Based Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9216-9226. [PMID: 27723299 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A major demand on immunotherapy is the direct interference with specific immune cells in vivo. In contrast to antibody-engineered nanoparticles to control dendritic cells function, targeting of T cells for biomedical applications still remains an obstacle as they disclose reduced endocytic activities. Here, by coupling the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the surface of hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules, we demonstrated a direct and specifc T cell targeting in vitro and in vivo by IL-2 receptor-mediated internalization. For this purpose, defined amounts of azide-functionalized IL-2 were linked to alkyne-functionalized hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules via copper-free click reactions. In combination with validated quantification of the surface-linked IL-2 with anthracen azide, this method allowed for engineering IL-2-functionalized nanocapsules for an efficient targeting of human and murine T cell populations with various IL-2 receptor affinities. This nanocapsule-mediated technique is a promising strategy for T cell-based immunotherapies and may be translated to other cytokine-related targeting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie U Frick
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz D-55099, Germany
| | - Matthias P Domogalla
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz D-55099, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Grit Baier
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz D-55099, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz D-55099, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sorrentino R, Terlizzi M, Di Crescenzo VG, Popolo A, Pecoraro M, Perillo G, Galderisi A, Pinto A. Human lung cancer-derived immunosuppressive plasmacytoid dendritic cells release IL-1α in an AIM2 inflammasome-dependent manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3115-24. [PMID: 26506473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) highly populate lung tumor masses and are strictly correlated to bad prognosis, yet their role in lung cancer is controversial. To understand their role in lung cancer, we isolated pDCs from human samples of lung obtained from non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Tumor masses presented a higher percentage of pDCs than healthy tissues; pDCs were in the immunosuppressive phenotype, as determined by higher levels of CD33 and PD-L1. Despite higher HLA-A and HLA-D expression, cancerous pDCs did not exert cytotoxic activity against tumor cells but instead promoted their proliferation. In this scenario, cancerous pDCs were able to produce high levels of IL-1α. This effect was observed on the specific activation of the inflammasome absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), which led to higher cytoplasmic calcium release responsible for calpain activation underlying IL-1α release. The blockade of type I interferon receptor and of AIM2 via the addition of LL-37 significantly reduced the release of IL-1α, which was still high after Nod-like receptor P3 inhibition via glibenclamide. More important, mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species sequester diminished AIM2-dependent IL-1α release. Our data demonstrate that lung tumor-associated pDCs are responsive to the activation of AIM2 that promotes calcium efflux and reactive oxygen species from mitochondria, leading to calpain activation and high levels of IL-1α, which facilitate tumor cell proliferation in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Perillo
- Division of the Respiratory System, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Galderisi
- Division of Pneumological and Bronchial Endoscopy, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Study of the immunophenotype of the inflammatory cells in melanomas with regression and halo nevi. Am J Dermatopathol 2016; 37:376-80. [PMID: 25222195 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and prognostic implications of regression in melanoma are not well understood. It has traditionally been considered an immunologically mediated phenomenon. Improvement in the knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to regression may prove to be of great value in an era in which treatments oriented to the augmentation of the host's immunity against melanoma have demonstrated excellent clinical results. This study was designed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying melanoma regression and the differences between similar situations in benign melanocytic nevus. The study sample consisted of 77 lesions: 62 melanomas and 15 halo nevi. The following markers were included in the study: CD4, CD8, FoxP3, PD1, CD123, granzyme, and TIA-1. Staining was evaluated in 5 categories, according to the percentage of labeled cells. Granzyme, PD1, and TIA-1 stained significantly more cells in halo nevi than in melanomas with regression (P < 0.01). The ratio CD123/TIA-1 was higher in melanomas than in halo nevi (1 vs. 0.67, P < 0.05). Regression in the 62 melanomas was categorized as early in 14 cases and late in 48 cases. Early regression was associated with a higher percentage of CD123, CD4, and TIA-1 staining than late regression. The inflammatory infiltrate found in halo nevi is characterized by a higher number of active cytotoxic T cells and regulatory PD1-positive T cells than the infiltrate found in melanoma with regression. CD123 staining was higher in early regression than in late regression, suggesting the presence of a tolerogenic mechanism in this phenomenon's initiation phase.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rittig SM, Haentschel M, Weimer KJ, Heine A, Müller MR, Brugger W, Horger MS, Maksimovic O, Stenzl A, Hoerr I, Rammensee HG, Holderried TA, Kanz L, Pascolo S, Brossart P. Long-term survival correlates with immunological responses in renal cell carcinoma patients treated with mRNA-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1108511. [PMID: 27467913 PMCID: PMC4910748 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor for which immunotherapeutic approaches could be associated with clinically relevant responses. It was recently shown, that induction of T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigen (TAA) epitopes results in prolonged overall survival in RCC patients. In 2003–2005, we performed a phase I/II trial testing an mRNA-based vaccine formulation consisting of a mixture of in vitro transcribed RNA coding for six different TAAs (MUC1, CEA, Her2/neu, telomerase, survivin, MAGE-A1) in 30 metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients. In the first 14 patients, vaccinations were applied i.d. on days 0, 14, 28, and 42. In the consecutive 16 patients, an intensified protocol consisting of i.d. injections (daily on days 0–3, 7–10, 28, and 42) was used. After the respective induction periods, patients in both cohorts were vaccinated monthly until tumor progression. At survival update performed in July 2015, one of the 30 patients was still alive. One patient was lost to follow-up. Median survival of 24.5 mo (all patients) and 89 mo (favorable risk patients) exceeded predicted survival according to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk score. Impressively, long-term survivors displayed immunological responses to the applied antigens while vice versa no patient without detectable immune response had survived more than 33 mo. The current survival update shows a clear correlation between survival and immunological responses to TAAs encoded by the naked mRNA vaccine. This is one of the first vaccination studies and the only RNA trial that reports on safety and efficacy after a follow-up of more than 10 y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maik Haentschel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katrin J Weimer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Brugger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Schwarzwald-Baar Clinic, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Freiburg, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; AstraZeneca UK Limited R&D. Early Clinical Development / Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, Melbourn, UK
| | - Marius S Horger
- Department of Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Olga Maksimovic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lothar Kanz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steve Pascolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo response to radiation is readily explained by the fact that tumors do not exist independently of the host organism; cancer cells grow in the context of a complex microenvironment composed of stromal cells, vasculature, and elements of the immune system. As the antitumor effect of radiotherapy depends in part on the immune system, and myeloid-derived cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate the immune response to tumors, it follows that understanding the effect of radiation on myeloid cells in the tumor is likely to be essential for comprehending the antitumor effects of radiotherapy. In this review, we describe the phenotype and function of these myeloid-derived cells, and stress the complexity of studying this important cell compartment owing to its intrinsic plasticity. With regard to the response to radiation of myeloid cells in the tumor, evidence has emerged demonstrating that it is both model and dose dependent. Deciphering the effects of myeloid-derived cells in tumors, particularly in irradiated tumors, is key for attempting to pharmacologically modulate their actions in the clinic as part of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Vatner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Katayama H, Boldt C, Ladd JJ, Johnson MM, Chao T, Capello M, Suo J, Mao J, Manson JE, Prentice R, Esteva F, Wang H, Disis ML, Hanash S. An Autoimmune Response Signature Associated with the Development of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reflects Disease Pathogenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3246-54. [PMID: 26088128 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The repertoire of antigens associated with the development of an autoimmune response in breast cancer has relevance to detection and treatment strategies. We have investigated the occurrence of autoantibodies associated with the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the before diagnosis setting and in samples collected at the time of diagnosis of TNBC. Lysate arrays containing protein fractions from the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line were hybridized with TNBC plasmas from the Women's Health Initiative cohort, collected before clinical diagnosis and with plasmas from matched controls. An immune response directed against spliceosome and glycolysis proteins was observed with case plasmas as previously reported in estrogen receptor(+) breast cancer. Importantly, autoantibodies directed against networks involving BRCA1, TP53, and cytokeratin proteins associated with a mesenchymal/basal phenotype were distinct to TNBC before diagnosis samples. Concordant autoantibody findings were observed with mouse plasma samples collected before occurrence of palpable tumors from a C3(1)-T triple negative mouse model. Plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis of stage II TNBC and from matched healthy controls were subjected to proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry to identify Ig-bound proteins yielding a predominance of cytokeratins, including several associated with a mesenchymal/basal phenotype among cases compared with controls. Our data provide evidence indicative of a dynamic repertoire of antigens associated with a humoral immune response reflecting disease pathogenesis in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon J Ladd
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Timothy Chao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Jianning Mao
- Tumor Vaccine Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Prentice
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Francisco Esteva
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hong Wang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary L Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bloy N, Pol J, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Galon J, Tartour E, Spisek R, Dhodapkar MV, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e963424. [PMID: 25941593 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.963424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) as a means to elicit therapeutically relevant immune responses in cancer patients has been extensively investigated throughout the past decade. In this context, DCs are generally expanded, exposed to autologous tumor cell lysates or loaded with specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and then reintroduced into patients, often in combination with one or more immunostimulatory agents. As an alternative, TAAs are targeted to DCs in vivo by means of monoclonal antibodies, carbohydrate moieties or viral vectors specific for DC receptors. All these approaches have been shown to (re)activate tumor-specific immune responses in mice, often mediating robust therapeutic effects. In 2010, the first DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, also known as Provenge®) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans. Reflecting the central position occupied by DCs in the regulation of immunological tolerance and adaptive immunity, the interest in harnessing them for the development of novel immunotherapeutic anticancer regimens remains high. Here, we summarize recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of DC-based anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Key Words
- DC, dendritic cell
- DC-based vaccination
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IFN, interferon
- MRC1, mannose receptor, C type 1
- MUC1, mucin 1
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- Toll-like receptor agonists
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- WT1, Wilms tumor 1
- antigen cross-presentation
- autophagy
- iDC, immature DC
- immunogenic cell death
- mDC, mature DC
- pDC, plasmacytoid DC
- regulatory T cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI ; Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; INSERM , U970; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine; Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center; Yale University ; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rehm A, Gätjen M, Gerlach K, Scholz F, Mensen A, Gloger M, Heinig K, Lamprecht B, Mathas S, Bégay V, Leutz A, Lipp M, Dörken B, Höpken UE. Dendritic cell-mediated survival signals in Eμ-Myc B-cell lymphoma depend on the transcription factor C/EBPβ. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5057. [PMID: 25266931 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to regulate tumour-specific adaptive immune responses depends on their proper differentiation and homing status. Whereas DC-associated tumour-promoting functions are linked to T-cell tolerance and formation of an inflammatory milieu, DC-mediated direct effects on tumour growth have remained unexplored. Here we show that deletion of DCs substantially delays progression of Myc-driven lymphomas. Lymphoma-exposed DCs upregulate immunomodulatory cytokines, growth factors and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Moreover, Eμ-Myc lymphomas induce the preferential translation of the LAP/LAP* isoforms of C/EBPβ. C/EBPβ(-/-) DCs are unresponsive to lymphoma-associated cytokine changes and in contrast to wild-type DCs, they are unable to mediate enhanced Eμ-Myc lymphoma cell survival. Antigen-specific T-cell proliferation in lymphoma-bearing mice is impaired; however, this immune suppression is reverted by the DC-restricted deletion of C/EBPβ. Thus, we show that C/EBPβ-controlled DC functions are critical steps for the creation of a lymphoma growth-promoting and -immunosuppressive niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rehm
- 1] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany [2] Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Gätjen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gerlach
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Scholz
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Mensen
- 1] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany [2]
| | - Marleen Gloger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Heinig
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Lamprecht
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Mathas
- 1] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany [2] Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Bégay
- Department of Cell Differentiation and Tumorigenesis, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Department of Cell Differentiation and Tumorigenesis, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lipp
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Dörken
- 1] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany [2] Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang P, Markowitz GJ, Wang XF. The hepatitis B virus-associated tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Natl Sci Rev 2014; 1:396-412. [PMID: 25741453 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwu038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to a majority of cancer types, the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is intimately associated with a chronically diseased liver tissue, with one of the most prevalent etiological factors being hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transformation of the liver in HBV-associated HCC often follows from or accompanies long-term symptoms of chronic hepatitis, inflammation and cirrhosis, and viral load is a strong predictor for both incidence and progression of HCC. Besides aiding in transformation, HBV plays a crucial role in modulating the accumulation and activation of both cellular components of the microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, and non-cellular components of the microenvironment, such as cytokines and growth factors, markedly influencing disease progression and prognosis. This review will explore some of these components and mechanisms to demonstrate both underlying themes and the inherent complexity of these interacting systems in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of HBV-positive HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shi Y, Yu P, Zeng D, Qian F, Lei X, Zhao Y, Tang B, Hao Y, Luo H, Chen J, Tan Y. Suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor abrogates the immunosuppressive capability of murine gastric cancer cells and elicits antitumor immunity. FEBS J 2014; 281:3882-93. [PMID: 25041128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying immune evasion by gastric cancer have not been well described due to a lack of gastric tumor models in immunocompetent mice. In the current study, we found that supernatants from MFC cells, a murine gastric cancer line, inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced maturation and cross-presentation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Moreover, MFC tumor-derived factors markedly altered the cytokine profiles of BMDCs, leading to a trend of increased levels of interleukin 4 (IL4), IL6, IL23 and transforming growth factor β, as well as decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor α. qPCR and ELISA revealed that MFC cells expressed a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Downregulating VEGF expression abrogated the inhibitory effect of MFC-derived factors on the maturation and cross-presentation of BMDCs. In addition, VEGF knockdown greatly impaired the tumorigenicity of MFC cells in immunocompetent mice. Compared with parental MFC tumors, VEGF-low MFC tumors grew much more slowly and the survival of tumor-inoculated mice was significantly improved. More importantly, mice rejecting inoculated VEGF-low MFC tumor cells gained resistance to re-challenged parental tumors, which was attributed to an antitumor immunity response against parental MFC tumors. These results reveal an immunosuppressive role for VEGF in murine gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Song S, Yuan P, Li P, Wu H, Lu J, Wei W. Dynamic analysis of tumor-associated immune cells in DEN-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:392-9. [PMID: 25066760 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and limited methods to predict patient survival. Immune cells infiltrating tumors are known to impact tumor progression. Here, we analyzed the phenotype and function of dendritic cells (DCs), and the frequency of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Breg) and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in different stages of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced rat HCC in order to understand their roles in this disease. 4weeks following DEN treatment, no significant differences in CD80 and CD86 expression were found on DCs from HCC rats and normal rats but 12 and 16weeks following DEN treatment, the expression of CD80, CD86 and MHCII on DCs of HCC rats was significantly decreased. We also found that the frequency of IL-10-producing Breg and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg in HCC rats was obviously increased during all of these three stages. In addition, the bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) from HCC rats displayed lower ability in activating T cells and an increase in IL-10 secretion. No differences in IL-12 level and endocytosis ability were found on BMDCs from HCC rats and normal rats. Our results suggest that the dysfunction of DCs and the increase of IL-10-producing Breg and Foxp3(+) Treg might play important roles in HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Pingfan Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Peipei Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jingtao Lu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu CC, Chang YT, Chang KP, Liu YL, Liu HP, Lee IL, Yu JS, Chiang WF. Salivary auto-antibodies as noninvasive diagnostic markers of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1569-78. [PMID: 24859869 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its incidence is still increasing. Approximately 50% of patients with OSCC die within 5 years after diagnosis, mostly ascribed to the fact that the majority of patients present advanced stages of OSCC at the time of diagnosis. METHODS To discover salivary biomarkers for ameliorating the detection of OSCC, herein, we developed a multiplexed bead-based platform to simultaneously detect auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) in salivary samples. RESULTS Compared with healthy individuals, the salivary levels of anti-p53, anti-survivin, anti-Hsp60, and anti-RPLP0 were significantly elevated in patients with OSCC. Noteworthily, the elevated levels of anti-p53, anti-survivin, and anti-Hsp60 were already observed in individuals with oral potentially malignant disorder. Moreover, the salivary levels of anti-p53, anti-survivin, anti-Hsp60, anti-RPLP0, and anti-CK8 were significantly elevated in patients with early-stage OSCC compared with those in healthy individuals. Most importantly, the use of a combined panel of salivary anti-p53, anti-survivin, anti-Hsp60, and anti-RPLP0 largely improves the detection of OSCC. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results reveal that the salivary auto-Abs are effective OSCC biomarkers and the four-auto-Ab panel provides a novel and practicable approach for OSCC screening. IMPACT This study provides the first evidence for the potential clinical application of salivary auto-Abs in OSCC diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Wu
- Departments of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan;
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou
| | - Yu-Ling Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
| | - I-Ling Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying; and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying; and School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vacchelli E, Vitale I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Cremer I, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based interventions for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25771. [PMID: 24286020 PMCID: PMC3841205 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) occupy a privileged position at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrating a large panel of responses to both physiological and pathological cues. In particular, whereas the presentation of antigens by immature DCs generally results in the development of immunological tolerance, mature DCs are capable of priming robust, and hence therapeutically relevant, adaptive immune responses. In line with this notion, functional defects in the DC compartment have been shown to etiologically contribute to pathological conditions including (but perhaps not limited to) infectious diseases, allergic and autoimmune disorders, graft rejection and cancer. Thus, the possibility of harnessing the elevated immunological potential of DCs for anticancer therapy has attracted considerable interest from both researchers and clinicians over the last decade. Alongside, several methods have been developed not only to isolate DCs from cancer patients, expand them, load them with tumor-associated antigens and hence generate highly immunogenic clinical grade infusion products, but also to directly target DCs in vivo. This intense experimental effort has culminated in 2010 with the approval by the US FDA of a DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, Provenge®) for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer. As an update to the latest Trial Watch dealing with this exciting field of research (October 2012), here we summarize recent advances in DC-based anticancer regimens, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials that have been launched in the same period to assess the antineoplastic potential of this variant of cellular immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The role played by the microenvironment in site-specific metastasis. Cancer Lett 2013; 352:54-8. [PMID: 23988268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells that disseminate to metastatic sites may progress to frank metastasis or persist as dormant micrometastasis. Significant progress has been made in defining the genetic and phenotypic cancer-cell-autonomous determinants of metastasis and in the understanding of the cross-talk between metastasizing tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment. However several questions remain open, in particular the identity of microenvironmental factors that keep micrometastatic cells in a state of dormancy and those that promote survival, proliferation and progression of such cells. Significantly more information is available on the latter factors than on microenvironmental cells and molecules that restrain micrometastasis. This mini-review summarizes findings suggesting that: In view of the above, it is not unlikely that metastases residing in different microenvironments may require "individualized" treatment modalities.
Collapse
|
38
|
IRF-8 controls melanoma progression by regulating the cross talk between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1223-35. [PMID: 23308054 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8) is crucial for myeloid cell development and immune response and also acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Here, we analyzed the role of IRF-8 in the cross talk between melanoma cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. B16-F10 melanoma cells transplanted into IRF-8-deficient (IRF-8(-/-)) mice grow more rapidly, leading to higher numbers of lung metastasis, with respect to control animals. These events correlated with reduced dendritic cell and T cell infiltration, accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and a chemokine/chemokine receptor expression profile within the tumor microenvironment supporting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Noticeably, primary tumors developing in IRF-8(-/-) mice displayed a clear-cut inhibition of IRF-8 expression in melanoma cells. Injection of the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine into melanoma-bearing IRF-8(-/-) animals induced intratumoral IRF-8 expression and resulted in the re-establishment of a chemokine/ chemokine receptor pattern favoring leukocyte infiltration and melanoma growth arrest. Importantly, intrinsic IRF-8 expression was progressively down-modulated during melanoma growth in mice and in human metastatic melanoma cells with respect to primary tumors. Lastly, IRF-8 expression in melanoma cells was directly modulated by soluble factors, among which interleukin-27 (IL-27), released by immune cells from tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, these results underscore a key role of IRF-8 in the cross talk between melanoma and immune cells, thus revealing its critical function within the tumor microenvironment in regulating melanoma progression and invasiveness.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
In the process of tumorigenesis, normal cells are remodeled to cancer cells and protein expression patterns are changed to those of tumor cells. A newly formed tumor microenvironment elicits the immune system and, as a result, a humoral immune response takes place. Although the tumor antigens are undetectable in sera at the early stage of tumorigenesis, the nature of an antibody amplification response to antigens makes tumor-associated autoantibodies as promising early biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the recent development of proteomic techniques that make neo-epitopes of tumor-associated autoantigens discovered concomitantly has opened a new area of ‘immuno-proteomics’, which presents tumor-associated autoantibody signatures and confers information to redefine the process of tumorigenesis. In this article, the strategies recently used to identify and validate serum autoantibodies are outlined and tumor-associated antigens suggested until now as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in various tumor types are reviewed. Also, the meaning of autoantibody signatures and their clinical utility in personalized medicine are discussed. [BMB Reports 2012; 45(12): 677-685]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Heo
- Cancer Biomarkers Development Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lescaille G, Pitoiset F, Macedo R, Baillou C, Huret C, Klatzmann D, Tartour E, Lemoine FM, Bellier B. Efficacy of DNA vaccines forming e7 recombinant retroviral virus-like particles for the treatment of human papillomavirus-induced cancers. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:533-44. [PMID: 23521528 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the development of anogenital tumors and also in the development of oropharyngeal head and neck carcinomas, where HPV-16, expressing the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, is the most frequent serotype. Although vaccines encoding L1 and L2 capsid HPV proteins are efficient for the prevention of HPV infection, they are inadequate for treating established tumors. Hence, development of innovative vaccine therapies targeting E6/E7 is important for controlling HPV-induced cancers. We have engineered a nononcogenic mutated E7-specific plasmo-retroVLP vaccine (pVLP-E7), consisting of plasmid DNA, that is able to form recombinant retrovirus-based virus-like particles (VLPs) that display E7 antigen into murine leukemia virus Gag proteins pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (VSV-G). pVLP-E7 vaccinations were studied for their ability to generate specific immune responses and for induction of protective immunity against tumor cell challenge in preventive and therapeutic models. The produced VLPs induce the maturation of human dendritic cells in vitro and mount specific E7 T cell responses. Intradermic vaccinations of mice with pVLP-E7 show their efficacy to generate antigen-specific T cell responses, to prevent and protect animals from early TC-1 tumor development compared with standard DNA or VLP immunizations. The vaccine efficacy was also evaluated for advanced tumors in mice vaccinated at various time after the injection of TC-1 cells. Data show that pVLP-E7 vaccination can cure mice with already established tumors only when combined with Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) and TLR9 agonists. Our findings provide evidence that pVLPs, combining the advantages of DNA and VLP vaccines, appear to be a promising strategy for the treatment of HPV-induced cancers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Auphan-Anezin N, Verdeil G, Grange M, Soudja SM, Wehbe M, Buferne M, Mas A, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. Immunosuppression in inflammatory melanoma: can it be resisted by adoptively transferred T cells? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:167-75. [PMID: 23217139 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of tumor antigen (TA) recognized by autologous T cells (TCs) in patients with melanoma has led to clinical protocols using either vaccination or adoptive transfer of TA-specific TCs. However, efficacy of these treatments has been hampered by inhibitory effects exerted on tumor-infiltrating TCs by tumor-intrinsic mediators or by recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. A mouse model of autochthonous melanoma recapitulates some aspects of inflammatory melanoma development in patients. These include a systemic Th2-/Th17-oriented chronic inflammation, recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and acquisition by tumor-infiltrating TCs of an 'exhausted' phenotype characterized by expression of multiple inhibitory receptors including programmed death-1, also expressed on patients' melanoma-infiltrating TCs. Rather than using extracellular blocking reagents to inhibitory surface molecules on TCs, we sought to dampen negative signaling exerted on them. Adoptively transferred TCs presenting increased cytokine receptor signaling due to expression of an active Stat5 transcription factor were efficient at inducing melanoma regression in the preclinical melanoma model. These transferred TCs thrived and retained expression of effector molecules in the melanoma microenvironment, defining a protocol endowing TCs with the ability to resist melanoma-induced immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Frick SU, Bacher N, Baier G, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Steinbrink K. Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles trigger human dendritic cell maturation resulting in enhanced CD4+ T cell activation. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1637-47. [PMID: 23042770 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) represent a promising tool for biomedical applications. Here, sulfonate- and phosphonate-functionalized polystyrene NP are analyzed for their interaction with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). Immature dendritic cells (iDC) display a higher time- and dose-dependent uptake of functionalized polystyrene NP compared to mature dendritic cells (mDC). Notably, NP induce an enhanced maturation of iDC but not of mDC (upregulation of stimulatory molecules and cytokines). NP-triggered maturation results in a significantly enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity (increased CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production), indicating a shift to a pronounced Th1 response. Immunomodulatory properties of NP may be a useful strategy for strengthening the efficacy of NP-based approaches in immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie U Frick
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Strioga M, Schijns V, Powell DJ, Pasukoniene V, Dobrovolskiene N, Michalek J. Dendritic cells and their role in tumor immunosurveillance. Innate Immun 2012; 19:98-111. [PMID: 22732734 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912449549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that play a key role in initiating, directing and regulating adaptive immune responses, including those critically involved in tumor immunosurveillance. As a riposte to the central role of DCs in the generation of antitumor immune responses, tumors have developed various mechanisms which impair the immunostimulatory functions of DCs or even instruct them to actively contribute to tumor growth and progression. In the first part of this review we discuss general aspects of DC biology, including their origin, subtypes, immature and mature states, and functional plasticity which ensures a delicate balance between active immune response and immune tolerance. In the second part of the review we discuss the complex interactions between DCs and the tumor microenvironment, and point out the challenges faced by DCs during the recognition of tumor Ags. We also discuss the role of DCs in tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Strioga
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Langerhans cells from human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induce strong type 1 immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1645-55. [PMID: 22402444 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic cells (DCs) localized to the epidermis. They should be the first antigen-presenting cells to encounter squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of LCs isolated from human SCC to induce T-cell proliferation and polarization. We investigated the ability of LCs from SCC and peritumoral skin to induce T-cell proliferation and polarization. We also studied the effect of SCC supernatant on the ability of LCs from normal skin, in vitro-generated LCs, and DCs to activate and polarize T cells. LCs from SCC were stronger inducers of allogeneic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production than LCs from peritumoral skin. We found that tumor supernatants (TSNs) were rich in immunosuppressive cytokines; despite this, allogeneic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ induction by LCs were augmented by TSN. Moreover, TSN facilitated IFN-γ induction by in vitro-generated LCs, but suppressed the ability of in vitro-generated DCs to expand allogeneic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We have demonstrated that LCs from SCC can induce type 1 immunity. TSN induces IFN-γ induction by in vitro-generated LCs. This contrasts greatly with prior studies showing that DCs from SCC cannot stimulate T cells. These data indicate that LCs may be superior to DCs for SCC immunotherapy and may provide a new rationale for harnessing LCs for the treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse
|
45
|
Murphy MA, O'Leary JJ, Cahill DJ. Assessment of the humoral immune response to cancer. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4573-9. [PMID: 22300580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the deadly hallmarks of cancer is its ability to prosper within the constraints of the host immune system. Recent advances in immunoproteomics and high-throughput technologies have lead to profiling of the antibody repertoire in cancer patients. This in turn has lead to the identification of tumour associated antigens/autoantibodies. Autoantibodies are extremely attractive and promising biomarker entities, however there has been relatively little discussion on how to interpret the humoral immune response. It may be that autoantibody profiles hold the key to ultimately uncovering neoplastic associated pathways and through the process of immunosculpting the tumour may have yielded an immune response in the early stages of malignant tumour development. The aim of this review is to discuss the utility of the autoantibody response that is elicited as a result of malignancy and discuss the advantages and limitations of autoantibody profiling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Anne Murphy
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cordo Russo RI, Ernst G, Lompardía S, Blanco G, Álvarez É, Garcia MG, Hajos S. Increased hyaluronan levels and decreased dendritic cell activation are associated with tumor invasion in murine lymphoma cell lines. Immunobiology 2011; 217:842-50. [PMID: 22304941 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix surrounding tumors, modulates tumor progression and the immune response. Dendritic cells (DC) may tolerize or stimulate immunity against cancer. In this report, we study the association between tumor progression, HA levels and DC activation in a lymphoma model. Mice injected with the cells with highest invasive capacity (LBR-) presented increased HA in serum and lymph nodes, and decreased DC activation in infiltrated lymph nodes and liver. These findings could be related to lack of an effective antitumor immune response and suggest that serum HA levels could have a prognostic value in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia I Cordo Russo
- Department of Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IDEHU-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sica A, Porta C, Morlacchi S, Banfi S, Strauss L, Rimoldi M, Totaro MG, Riboldi E. Origin and Functions of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells (TAMCs). CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2011; 5:133-49. [PMID: 21948460 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of an inflammatory microenvironment provides the fuel for cancer development and progression. Hence, solid tumors promote the expansion and the recruitment of leukocyte populations, among which tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) represent a paradigm for cancer-promoting inflammation. TAMCs group heterogeneous phagocytic populations stemming from a common myeloid progenitor (CMP), that orchestrate various aspects of cancer, including: diversion and skewing of adaptive responses; immunosuppression; cell growth; angiogenesis; matrix deposition and remodelling; construction of a metastatic niche and actual metastasis. Several evidence indicate that TAMCs show plasticity and/or functional heterogeneity, suggesting that tumour-derived factors promote their functional "reprogramming" towards protumoral activities. While recent studies have attempted to address the role of microenvironment signals, the interplay between cancer cells, innate and adaptive immunity is now emerging as a crucial step of the TAMCs reprogramming. Here we discuss the evidence for the differentiation of TAMCs during the course of tumor progression and the molecular mechanisms that regulate such event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- DiSCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jensen TO, Schmidt H, Møller HJ, Donskov F, Høyer M, Sjoegren P, Christensen IJ, Steiniche T. Intratumoral neutrophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells indicate poor prognosis and are associated with pSTAT3 expression in AJCC stage I/II melanoma. Cancer 2011; 118:2476-85. [PMID: 21953023 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell and host immune cell interaction plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in cancer and believed to be an important mediator of tumor-induced immunosuppression. This paper aims to describe the prognostic impact of neutrophil and dendritic cell infiltration in primary melanoma and the association of this infiltration with activated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in primary melanoma cells. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanomas from 186 stage-I/II melanoma patients surgically resected from 1997 to 2000. Infiltrating neutrophils (CD66b), dendritic cells (CD123+ and DC-LAMP+), T-lymphocytes (CD8) and pSTAT3 melanoma cell expression were studied by immunohistochemistry and evaluated as present or absent. DC-LAMP+ cell infiltration was evaluated as absent/few versus dense. Study endpoints: relapse-free survival, melanoma-specific, and overall survival. RESULTS The median observation time was 12.2 years (range, 10.4-14.2 years). Fifty-one deaths were observed of which 38 (20%) were melanoma-specific. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model including ulceration and melanoma thickness, neutrophil and CD123+ dendritic cell infiltration were independently associated with poor prognosis (CD66b: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-6.83; P = .004; CD123: HR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.22-4.92; P = .012). The association between melanoma cell pSTAT3 expression and immune infiltration (neutrophils and CD123+ cells) was strong. pSTAT3 expression, CD8 and DC-LAMP infiltration were not independently associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil infiltration and CD123+ dendritic cell infiltration in primary melanoma are independently associated with poor prognosis. Melanoma cell expression of pSTAT3 is strongly associated with the surrounding immune infiltrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine O Jensen
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Popkin DL, Teijaro JR, Sullivan BM, Urata S, Rutschmann S, de la Torre JC, Kunz S, Beutler B, Oldstone M. Hypomorphic mutation in the site-1 protease Mbtps1 endows resistance to persistent viral infection in a cell-specific manner. Cell Host Microbe 2011; 9:212-222. [PMID: 21402360 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which naturally persists in rodents, represents a model for HIV, HBV, and HCV. Cleavage of the viral glycoprotein precursor by membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (Mbtps1 or site-1 protease), is crucial for the life cycle of arenaviruses and therefore represents a potential target for therapy. Recently, we reported a viable hypomorphic allele of Mbtps1 (woodrat) encoding a protease with diminished enzymatic activity. Using the woodrat allele, we examine the role of Mbtps1 during persistent LCMV infection. Surprisingly, Mbtps1 inhibition limits persistent but not acute viral infection and is associated with an organ/cell type-specific decrease in viral titers. Analysis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from woodrat mice supports their specific role in resolving persistent viral infection. These results support in vivo targeting of Mbtps1 in the treatment of arenavirus infections and demonstrate a critical role for dendritic cells in persistent viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Popkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian M Sullivan
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shuzo Urata
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sophie Rutschmann
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hock BD, Mackenzie KA, Cross NB, Taylor KG, Currie MJ, Robinson BA, Simcock JW, McKenzie JL. Renal transplant recipients have elevated frequencies of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:402-10. [PMID: 21617199 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, particularly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is a major cause of mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a central role in suppressing cancer immunosurveillance but their potential mobilisation in RTRs and levels relative to those of other immunoregulatory dendritic cell (DC) populations have not been analysed. METHODS The circulating frequencies of MDSC and DC were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry in immunocompetent patients without (n = 13) or with (ICI-SCC(Pos), n = 14) current SCC, normal donors (NDs, n = 34), chronic kidney disease patients (CKD patients, n = 22) and RTRs (n = 31). RESULTS Compared to NDs, RTRs had significantly elevated levels of both CD14(Neg) and CD14(Pos) MDSC subsets (P < 0.001), while CKD patients and ICI-SCC(Pos) had significantly elevated levels of only the CD14(Neg)-MDSC subset. DC frequencies were significantly decreased in RTRs and CKD patients but were at normal levels in ICI-SCC(Pos). The MDSC/DC ratio was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in RTRs (median = 5.7), CKD patients (median = 3.2) and ICI-SCC(Pos) (median = 3.5) relative to NDs (median = 0.7). The use of immunosuppressive drugs in CKD patients and past/current occurrence of SCC in RTRs was associated with significantly increased CD14(Neg)-MDSC frequencies. MDSC enriched from RTRs, when co-cultured with activated NDs T cells significantly suppressed extracellular IL-10 levels and can, when activated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, inhibit T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RTRs, CKD patients and ICI-SCC(Pos) have increased MDSC frequencies and MDSC/DC ratios. These changes may impact on cancer immunosurveillance. Therefore, MDSC represent both a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker in these patients, with respect to the development of SCC and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Hock
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|