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Pan X, Wang L, Yang J, Li Y, Xu M, Liang C, Liu L, Li Z, Xia C, Pang J, Wang M, Li M, Guo S, Yan P, Ding C, Rosas IO, Yu G. TRβ activation confers AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation and anti-fibrosis during lung repair via KLF2 and CEBPA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8672. [PMID: 39375377 PMCID: PMC11458772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant repair underlies the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis while effective strategies to convert fibrosis to normal regeneration are scarce. Here, we found that thyroid hormone is decreased in multiple models of lung injury but is essential for lung regeneration. Moreover, thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) promotes cell proliferation, while TRβ fuels cell maturation in lung regeneration. Using a specific TRβ agonist, sobetirome, we demonstrate that the anti-fibrotic effects of thyroid hormone mainly rely on TRβ in mice. Cellularly, TRβ activation enhances alveolar type-2 (AT2) cell differentiation into AT1 cell and constrains AT2 cell hyperplasia. Molecularly, TRβ activation directly regulates the expression of KLF2 and CEBPA, both of which further synergistically drive the differentiation program of AT1 cells and benefit regeneration and anti-fibrosis. Our findings elucidate the modulation function of the TRβ-KLF2/CEBPA axis on AT2 cell fate and provide a potential treatment strategy to facilitate lung regeneration and anti-fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Juntang Yang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingge Li
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Pang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Saiya Guo
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peishuo Yan
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guoying Yu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
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Shi Y, Men X, Wang F, Li X, Zhang B. Role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155484. [PMID: 39180802 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the greatest frequent types of malignancy is gastric cancer (GC). Metastasis, an essential feature of stomach cancer, results in a high rate of mortality and a poor prognosis. However, metastasis biological procedures are not well recognized. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a role in numerous gene regulation pathways via epigenetic modification as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. LncRNAs have a role in a variety of disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and cancer. LncRNAs are substantially related to GC incidence, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Several research released information on the molecular processes of lncRNAs in GC pathogenesis. By interacting with a gene's promoter or enhancer region to influence gene expression, lncRNAs can operate as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. This review includes the lncRNAs associated with metastasis of GC, which may give insights into the processes as well as potential clues for GC predicting and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Men
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130021, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Xueting Li
- Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130021, PR China.
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Health Management, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, PR China.
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Wu QP, Vang S, Zhou JQ, Krick S, Barnes JW, Sanders YY. O-GlcNAc regulates anti-fibrotic genes in lung fibroblasts through EZH2. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18191. [PMID: 38494860 PMCID: PMC10945079 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are involved in fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and contribute to the silencing of anti-fibrotic genes. H3K27me3, a key repressive histone mark, is catalysed by the methyltransferase enhancer of Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), which is regulated by the post-translational modification, O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). In this study, we explored the effects of O-GlcNAc and EZH2 on the expression of antifibrotic genes, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) and Heme Oxygenase (Homx1). The expression of Cox2 and Hmox1 was examined in primary IPF or non-IPF lung fibroblasts with or without EZH2 inhibitor EZP6438, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor (OSMI-1) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor (thiamet G). Non-IPF cells were also subjected to TGF-β1 with or without OGT inhibition. The reduced expression of Cox2 and Hmox1 in IPF lung fibroblasts is restored by OGT inhibition. In non-IPF fibroblasts, TGF-β1 treatment reduces Cox2 and Hmox1 expression, which was restored by OGT inhibition. ChIP assays demonstrated that the association of H3K27me3 is reduced at the Cox2 and Hmox1 promoter regions following OGT or EZH2 inhibition. EZH2 levels and stability were decreased by reducing O-GlcNAc. Our study provided a novel mechanism of O-GlcNAc modification in regulating anti-fibrotic genes in lung fibroblasts and in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming P. Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Shia Vang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jennifer Q. Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Yan Y. Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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Sun L, Li X, Luo H, Guo H, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin F, Zhao G. EZH2 can be used as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115594. [PMID: 37207700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2 and plays important roles in endothelial cell homeostasis. EZH2 functionally methylates lysine 27 of histone H3 and represses gene expression through chromatin compaction. EZH2 mediates the effects of environmental stimuli by regulating endothelial functions, such as angiogenesis, endothelial barrier integrity, inflammatory signaling, and endothelial mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the significance of EZH2 in endothelial function. The aim of this review is to provide a concise summary of the roles EZH2 plays in endothelial function and elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Xuefang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
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Li ZY, Zhu YX, Chen JR, Chang X, Xie ZZ. The role of KLF transcription factor in the regulation of cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114661. [PMID: 37068333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc finger transcription factors that have been found to play an essential role in the development of various human tissues, including epithelial, teeth, and nerves. In addition to regulating normal physiological processes, KLFs have been implicated in promoting the onset of several cancers, such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer. To inhibit cancer progression, various existing medicines have been used to modulate the expression of KLFs, and anti-microRNA treatments have also emerged as a potential strategy for many cancers. Investigating the possibility of targeting KLFs in cancer therapy is urgently needed, as the roles of KLFs in cancer have not received enough attention in recent years. This review summarizes the factors that regulate KLF expression and function at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, which could aid in understanding the mechanisms of KLFs in cancer progression. We hope that this review will contribute to the development of more effective anti-cancer medicines targeting KLFs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Li
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Rui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xu Chang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Experimental teaching center of Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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6
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Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Is a Gastric Cancer Suppressor and Prognostic Biomarker. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2360149. [PMID: 36874616 PMCID: PMC9981288 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2360149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive tract tumor. Due to its complex pathogenesis, current diagnostic and therapeutic effects remain unsatisfactory. Studies have shown that KLF2, as a tumor suppressor, is downregulated in many human cancers, but its relationship and role with GC remain unclear. In the present study, KLF2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in GC compared to adjacent normal tissues, as analyzed by bioinformatics and RT-qPCR, and correlated with gene mutations. Tissue microarrays combined with immunohistochemical techniques showed downregulation of KLF2 protein expression in GC tissue, which was negatively correlated with patient age, T stage, and overall survival. Further functional experiments showed that knockdown of KLF2 significantly promoted the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of HGC-27 and AGS GC cells. In conclusion, low KLF2 expression in GC is associated with poor patient prognosis and contributes to the malignant biological behavior of GC cells. Therefore, KLF2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Lin ZS, Chung CC, Liu YC, Chang CH, Liu HC, Liang YY, Huang TL, Chen TM, Lee CH, Tang CH, Hung MC, Chen YH. EZH2/hSULF1 axis mediates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to shape cartilage tumor progression. eLife 2023; 12:79432. [PMID: 36622753 PMCID: PMC9829410 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are primary cancers of cartilaginous tissue and capable of alteration to highly aggressive, metastatic, and treatment-refractory states, leading to a poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate at 11 months for dedifferentiated subtype. At present, the surgical resection of chondrosarcoma is the only effective treatment, and no other treatment options including targeted therapies, conventional chemotherapies, or immunotherapies are available for these patients. Here, we identify a signal pathway way involving EZH2/SULF1/cMET axis that contributes to malignancy of chondrosarcoma and provides a potential therapeutic option for the disease. A non-biased chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence, cDNA microarray analysis, and validation of chondrosarcoma cell lines identified sulfatase 1 (SULF1) as the top EZH2-targeted gene to regulate chondrosarcoma progression. Overexpressed EZH2 resulted in downregulation of SULF1 in chondrosarcoma cell lines, which in turn activated cMET pathway. Pharmaceutical inhibition of cMET or genetically silenced cMET pathway significantly retards the chondrosarcoma growth and extends mice survival. The regulation of EZH2/SULF1/cMET axis were further validated in patient samples with chondrosarcoma. The results not only established a signal pathway promoting malignancy of chondrosarcoma but also provided a therapeutic potential for further development of effective target therapy to treat chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Shin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chiao-Chen Chung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chu-Han Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hui-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yung-Yi Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Teng-Le Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan,Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Kruppel-like Factors in Skeletal Physiology and Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315174. [PMID: 36499521 PMCID: PMC9741390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to a large group of zinc finger-containing transcription factors with amino acid sequences resembling the Drosophila gap gene Krüppel. Since the first report of molecular cloning of the KLF family gene, the number of KLFs has increased rapidly. Currently, 17 murine and human KLFs are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue and organ pathogenesis. Recent evidence has shown that many KLF family molecules affect skeletal cells and regulate their differentiation and function. This review summarizes the current understanding of the unique roles of each KLF in skeletal cells during normal development and skeletal pathologies.
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Feng J, Meng X. Histone modification and histone modification-targeted anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer: Fundamentals and beyond. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946811. [PMID: 36188615 PMCID: PMC9522521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated epigenetic enzymes and resultant abnormal epigenetic modifications (EMs) have been suggested to be closely related to tumor occurrence and progression. Histone modifications (HMs) can assist in maintaining genome stability, DNA repair, transcription, and chromatin modulation within breast cancer (BC) cells. In addition, HMs are reversible, dynamic processes involving the associations of different enzymes with molecular compounds. Abnormal HMs (e.g. histone methylation and histone acetylation) have been identified to be tightly related to BC occurrence and development, even though their underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. EMs are reversible, and as a result, epigenetic enzymes have aroused wide attention as anti-tumor therapeutic targets. At present, treatments to restore aberrant EMs within BC cells have entered preclinical or clinical trials. In addition, no existing studies have comprehensively analyzed aberrant HMs within BC cells; in addition, HM-targeting BC treatments remain to be further investigated. Histone and non-histone protein methylation is becoming an attractive anti-tumor epigenetic therapeutic target; such methylation-related enzyme inhibitors are under development at present. Consequently, the present work focuses on summarizing relevant studies on HMs related to BC and the possible mechanisms associated with abnormal HMs. Additionally, we also aim to analyze existing therapeutic agents together with those drugs approved and tested through pre-clinical and clinical trials, to assess their roles in HMs. Moreover, epi-drugs that target HMT inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors should be tested in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of BC. Epi-drugs that target histone methylation (HMT inhibitors) and histone acetylation (HDAC inhibitors) have now entered clinical trials or are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, the review covers the difficulties in applying HM-targeting treatments in clinics and proposes feasible approaches for overcoming such difficulties and promoting their use in treating BC cases.
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Dynamical Analysis of a Boolean Network Model of the Oncogene Role of lncRNA ANRIL and lncRNA UFC1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030420. [PMID: 35327612 PMCID: PMC8946683 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) such as ANRIL and UFC1 have been verified as oncogenic genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is well known that the tumor suppressor microRNA-34a (miR-34a) is downregulated in NSCLC. Furthermore, miR-34a induces senescence and apoptosis in breast, glioma, cervical cancer including NSCLC by targeting Myc. Recent evidence suggests that these two lncRNAs act as a miR-34a sponge in corresponding cancers. However, the biological functions between these two non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have not yet been studied in NSCLC. Therefore, we present a Boolean model to analyze the gene regulation between these two ncRNAs in NSCLC. We compared our model to several experimental studies involving gain- or loss-of-function genes in NSCLC cells and achieved an excellent agreement. Additionally, we predict three positive circuits involving miR-34a/E2F1/ANRIL, miR-34a/E2F1/UFC1, and miR-34a/Myc/ANRIL. Our circuit- perturbation analysis shows that these circuits are important for regulating cell-fate decisions such as senescence and apoptosis. Thus, our Boolean network permits an explicit cell-fate mechanism associated with NSCLC. Therefore, our results support that ANRIL and/or UFC1 is an attractive target for drug development in tumor growth and aggressive proliferation of NSCLC, and that a valuable outcome can be achieved through the miRNA-34a/Myc pathway.
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Zhu L, Zhang C, Xue J, He X, Yin D, Zhu Q, Shu Y, De W. EZH2-mediated epigenetic suppression of lncRNA PCAT18 predicts a poor prognosis and regulates the expression of p16 by interacting with miR-570a-3p in gastric cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:7069-7078. [PMID: 34729108 PMCID: PMC8558664 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have key regulation functions in the biology of human cancer. The current study aimed to determine the expression, clinicopathological characteristics and functional roles of lncRNA PCAT18 in gastric cancer (GC). By analysis of (Gene Expression Omnibus) GEO and TCGA data, following experimental verification, we identified the function role and molecular mechanism of PCAT18 in tumorigenesis of GC. We discovered that PCAT18 is significantly decreased in paired GC tissues and correlates with a poor outcome. Mechanistic studies found that suppression of the expression of EZH2 could prevent its binding to the PCAT18's promoter region and decrease H3K27's trimethylation modification. In addition, PCAT18 could adjust cell proliferation of GC in vitro as well as in vivo. Further mechanism research revealed that PCAT18 could regulate the expression of p16 by interacting with miR-570a-3p, thus inhibiting cell proliferation of GC. Our results have shown that the histone modification-mediated epigenetic suppression of PCAT18 and its essential role of PCAT18 in GC oncogenesis, which could provide a theoretical basis for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
| | - Chongguo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
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Intermittent High Glucose Elevates Nuclear Localization of EZH2 to Cause H3K27me3-Dependent Repression of KLF2 Leading to Endothelial Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102548. [PMID: 34685528 PMCID: PMC8534226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as one of the key pathways promoting diabetes-associated complications. Herein, we explored the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and its product histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in high glucose-mediated endothelial inflammation. To examine this, we treated cultured primary endothelial cells (EC) with different treatment conditions-namely, constant or intermittent or transient high glucose. Intermittent high glucose maximally induced endothelial inflammation by upregulating transcript and/or protein-level expression of ICAM1 and P-selectin and downregulating eNOS, KLF2, and KLF4 protein levels. We next investigated the underlining epigenetic mechanisms responsible for intermittent hyperglycemia-dependent endothelial inflammation. Compared with other high glucose treatment groups, intermittent high glucose-exposed EC exhibited an increased level of H3K27me3 caused by reduction in EZH2 threonine 367 phosphorylation and nuclear retention of EZH2. Intermittent high glucose also promoted polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) assembly and EZH2's recruitment to histone H3. Abrupt enrichment of H3K27me3 on KLF2 and KLF4 gene promoters caused repression of these genes, further supporting endothelial inflammation. In contrast, reducing H3K27me3 through small molecule and/or siRNA-mediated inhibition of EZH2 rescued KLF2 level and inhibited endothelial inflammation in intermittent high glucose-challenged cultured EC and isolated rat aorta. These findings indicate that abrupt chromatin modifications cause high glucose-dependent inflammatory switch of EC.
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Function of cofactor Akirin2 in the regulation of gene expression in model human Caucasian neutrophil-like HL60 cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229302. [PMID: 34291801 PMCID: PMC8298264 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Akirin family of transcription cofactors are involved throughout the metazoan in the regulation of different biological processes (BPs) such as immunity, interdigital regression, muscle and neural development. Akirin do not have catalytic or DNA-binding capability and exert its regulatory function primarily through interacting proteins such as transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, and RNA-associated proteins. In the present study, we focused on the human Akirin2 regulome and interactome in neutrophil-like model human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. Our hypothesis is that metazoan evolved to have Akirin2 functional complements and different Akirin2-mediated mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression. To address this hypothesis, experiments were conducted using transcriptomics, proteomics and systems biology approaches in akirin2 knockdown and wildtype (WT) HL60 cells to characterize Akirin2 gene/protein targets, functional complements and to provide evidence of different mechanisms that may be involved in Akirin2-mediated regulation of gene expression. The results revealed Akirin2 gene/protein targets in multiple BPs with higher representation of immunity and identified immune response genes as candidate Akirin2 functional complements. In addition to linking chromatin remodelers with transcriptional activation, Akirin2 also interacts with histone H3.1 for regulation of gene expression.
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14
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Bonnet-Magnaval F, DesGroseillers L. The Staufen1-dependent cell cycle regulon or how a misregulated RNA-binding protein leads to cancer. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2192-2208. [PMID: 34018319 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of reports have linked the RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (STAU1) to the control of cell decision making. In non-transformed cells, STAU1 balances the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) regulons that regulate differentiation and well-ordered cell division. Misregulation of STAU1 expression and/or functions changes the fragile balance in the expression of pro- and anti-proliferative and apoptotic genes and favours a novel equilibrium that supports cell proliferation and cancer development. The misregulation of STAU1 functions causes multiple coordinated modest effects in the post-transcriptional regulation of many RNA targets that code for cell cycle regulators, leading to dramatic consequences at the cellular level. The new tumorigenic equilibrium in STAU1-mediated gene regulation observed in cancer cells can be further altered by a slight increase in STAU1 expression that favours expression of pro-apoptotic genes and cell death. The STAU1-dependent cell cycle regulon is a good model to study how abnormal expression of an RNA-binding protein promotes cell growth and provides an advantageous selection of malignant cells in the first step of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Bonnet-Magnaval
- Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Luc DesGroseillers
- Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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15
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Huang L, Guan Y, Huang X, Tian X, Zhang L, Tao W. ATF3 drives senescence by reconstructing accessible chromatin profiles. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13315. [PMID: 33539668 PMCID: PMC7963335 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization and transcriptional profiles undergo tremendous reordering during senescence. However, uncovering the regulatory mechanisms between chromatin reconstruction and gene expression in senescence has been elusive. Here, we depicted the landscapes of both chromatin accessibility and gene expression to reveal gene regulatory networks in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) senescence and found that chromatin accessibilities are redistributed during senescence. Particularly, the intergenic chromatin was massively shifted with the increased accessibility regions (IARs) or decreased accessibility regions (DARs), which were mainly enhancer elements. We defined AP‐1 transcription factor family as being responsible for driving chromatin accessibility reconstruction in IARs, where low DNA methylation improved binding affinity of AP‐1 and further increased the chromatin accessibility. Among AP‐1 transcription factors, we confirmed ATF3 was critical to reconstruct chromatin accessibility to promote cellular senescence. Our results described a dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility whose remodeling contributes to the senescence program, we identified that AP‐1 was capable of reorganizing the chromatin accessibility profile to regulate senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- PKU‐Tsinghua‐NIBS Graduate Program School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Li Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yiting Guan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Sciences Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Wei Tao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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16
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Liu Z, Hu X, Wang Q, Wu X, Zhang Q, Wei W, Su X, He H, Zhou S, Hu R, Ye T, Zhu Y, Wang N, Yu L. Design and Synthesis of EZH2-Based PROTACs to Degrade the PRC2 Complex for Targeting the Noncatalytic Activity of EZH2. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2829-2848. [PMID: 33606537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
EZH2 mediates both PRC2-dependent gene silencing via catalyzing H3K27me3 and PRC2-independent transcriptional activation in various cancers. Given its oncogenic role in cancers, EZH2 has constituted a compelling target for anticancer therapy. However, current EZH2 inhibitors only target its methyltransferase activity to downregulate H3K27me3 levels and show limited efficacy because of inadequate suppression of the EZH2 oncogenic activity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to completely block the oncogenic activity of EZH2 are urgently needed. Herein, we report a series of EZH2-targeted proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that induce proteasomal degradation of PRC2 components, including EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RbAp48. Preliminary assessment identified E7 as the most active PROTAC molecule, which decreased PRC2 subunits and H3K27me2/3 levels in various cancer cells. Furthermore, E7 strongly inhibited transcriptional silencing mediated by EZH2 dependent on PRC2 and transcriptional activation mediated by EZH2 independent of PRC2, showing significant antiproliferative activities against cancer cell lines dependent on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities of EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hualong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Lian W, Jiang X, Li L, Wang Q, Hong C, Yang P, Chen D. Upregulated Long Non-Coding RNA LL22NC03-N64E9.1 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Breast Cancer Cells by Silencing Kruppel-Like Factor 2 Expression. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10763-10770. [PMID: 33149681 PMCID: PMC7605590 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s268725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, the significant regulatory effects of lncRNAs on the oncogenesis and growth of tumor have been demonstrated by an increasing number of research projects. A previous study showed that LL22NC03-N64E9.1 could promote the development of colorectal cancer, especially via enhanced cell proliferation. Similarly, this lncRNA should have comparable functions in breast cancer (BC), which requires in-depth investigation. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the correlation of LL22NC03-N64E9.1 with BC. Methods qRT-PCR was used to assess the relative expression of LL22NC03-N64E9.1 in BC tissues. Cell viability examination and colony formation experiments were performed to investigate the role of LL22NC03-N64E9.1 in BC cell’s proliferation. Transwell assays were used to explore the effects of LL22NC03-N64E9.1 on BC cell’s migration. RNA immunoprecipitation, chromosome immunoprecipitation assay and rescue experiments were performed to analyze the association of LL22NC03-N64E9.1 with target proteins and genes in BC cells. Results We identified that LL22NC03-N64E9.1 is an oncogene, upregulated in BC, which was verified in a cohort of 48 pairs of BC tissues. Based on the loss-of-function experiments, silencing LL22NC03-N64E9.1 expression significantly inhibited malignancy progression. In terms of the mechanism, LL22NC03-N64E9.1 acted on the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) by direct binding, which promoted BC cell growth. Furthermore, in the promoters of KLF2, the trimethylation of H3K27 could be regulated by LL22NC03-N64E9.1 as the mediator. Conclusion Relying on the LL22NC03-N64E9.1/EZH2/KLF2 pathway, the lncRNA LL22NC03-N64E9.1 was significantly associated with BC development and could, therefore, be a potential therapeutic target to block BC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangqiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Debo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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18
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Xue BZ, Xiang W, Zhang Q, Wang YH, Wang HF, Yi DY, Xiong NX, Jiang XB, Zhao HY, Fu P. Roles of long non-coding RNAs in the hallmarks of glioma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:83. [PMID: 32863916 PMCID: PMC7436925 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of tumor of the central nervous system. Due to the aggressiveness and invasiveness of high-level gliomas, the survival time of patients with these tumors is short, at ~15 months, even after combined treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) serve crucial roles in the multistep development of human gliomas. Gliomas acquire numerous biological abilities during multistep development that collectively constitute the hallmarks of glioma. Thus, in this review, the roles of lncRNAs associated with glioma hallmarks and the current and future prospects for their development are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhou Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ye Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Xiang Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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19
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Yoon JH, Min K, Lee SK. Epstein-Barr Virus miR-BART17-5p Promotes Migration and Anchorage-Independent Growth by Targeting Kruppel-Like Factor 2 in Gastric Cancer. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020258. [PMID: 32075248 PMCID: PMC7074886 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90% of the global population and is associated with a variety of tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, natural killer/T lymphoma, and gastric carcinoma. In EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), highly expressed EBV BamHI A rightward transcripts (BART) miRNAs may contribute to tumorigenesis with limited viral antigens. Despite previous studies on the targets of BART miRNAs, the functions of all 44 BART miRNAs have not been fully clarified. Here, we used RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to find genes with decreased expression in EBVaGC. Furthermore, we used AGS cells infected with EBV to determine whether expression was reduced by BART miRNA. We showed that the expression of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is lower in AGS-EBV cells than in the AGS control. Using bioinformatics analysis, four BART miRNAs were selected to check whether they suppress KLF2 expression. We found that only miR-BART17-5p directly down-regulated KLF2 and promoted gastric carcinoma cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Our data suggest that KLF2 functions as a tumor suppressor in EBVaGC and that miR-BART17-5p may be a valuable target for effective EBVaGC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-7480; Fax: +82-504-201-2396
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20
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Zhang J, Li G, Feng L, Lu H, Wang X. Krüppel-like factors in breast cancer: Function, regulation and clinical relevance. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109778. [PMID: 31855735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has accounted for the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Although the progress in its diagnosis and treatment has come at a remarkable pace during the past several decades, there are still a wide array of problems regarding its progression, metastasis and treatment resistance that have not yet been fully clarified. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed that some members of Krüppel-like factors(KLFs) are significantly associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, cancer stem cell regulation and prognostic and predictive value for patients in breast cancer, indicating their promising prognostic and predictive potential for breast cancer survival and outcome. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the functions, regulations and clinical relevance of KLFs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiqi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Babendreyer A, Molls L, Simons IM, Dreymueller D, Biller K, Jahr H, Denecke B, Boon RA, Bette S, Schnakenberg U, Ludwig A. The metalloproteinase ADAM15 is upregulated by shear stress and promotes survival of endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:51-61. [PMID: 31271758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced shear stress resulting from disturbed blood flow can impair endothelial integrity and drive the development of vascular inflammatory lesions. Metalloproteinases of the ADAM family have been implicated in the regulation of cell survival and inflammatory responses. Here we investigate the mechanism and function of ADAM15 upregulation in primary flow cultured endothelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that within the ADAM family ADAM15 mRNA is most prominently upregulated (4-fold) when endothelial cells are exposed to physiologic shear stress. This induction was confirmed in venous, arterial and microvascular endothelial cells and is associated with increased presence of ADAM15 protein in the cell lysates (5.6-fold) and on the surface (3.1-fold). The ADAM15 promoter contains several consensus sites for the transcription factor KLF2 which is also upregulated by shear stress. Induction of endothelial KLF2 by simvastatin treatment is associated with ADAM15 upregulation (1.8-fold) which is suppressed by counteracting simvastatin with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. KLF2 overexpression promotes ADAM15 expression (2.1-fold) under static conditions whereas KLF2 siRNA knockdown prevents ADAM15 induction by shear stress. Functionally, ADAM15 promotes survival of endothelial cells challenged by growth factor depletion or TNF stimulation as shown by ADAM15 shRNA knockdown (1.6-fold). Exposure to shear stress increases endothelial survival while additional knockdown of ADAM15 reduces survival (6.7-fold) under flow conditions. Thus, physiologic shear stress resulting from laminar flow promotes KLF2 induced ADAM15 expression which contributes to endothelial survival. The absence of ADAM15 at low shear stress or static conditions may therefore lead to increased endothelial damage and promote vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lisa Molls
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Indra M Simons
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, ZHMB, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Biller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bette
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Lv S, Wen H, Shan X, Li J, Wu Y, Yu X, Huang W, Wei Q. Loss of KMT2D induces prostate cancer ROS-mediated DNA damage by suppressing the enhancer activity and DNA binding of antioxidant transcription factor FOXO3. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1194-1208. [PMID: 31232159 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1634985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferase KMT2D has diverse functions and distinct mechanisms in different cancers. Although we have previously found KMT2D serves as an oncogene that promotes tumor growth and metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa), the functions and mechanisms of KMT2D are complicated and most remain undefined. Here, the function of KMT2D regarding DNA damage in PCa and the underlying mechanisms of KMT2D in epigenetic regulation were explored in a series of studies. Knockdown of KMT2D sensitized cells to DNA damage through the disturbance of antioxidative gene expression and increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which led to cell apoptosis and senescence. The loss of KMT2D reduced the abundance of enhancer activity markers H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, which blocked the DNA binding of FOXO3, a critical mediator of the cellular response to oxidative stress, and suppressed antioxidative gene transcription. Moreover, KMT2D deletion in PCa cells also increased their sensitivity to genotoxic anticancer drugs and a PARP inhibitor, which suggested that lower levels of KMT2D may mediate the response of PCa to particular treatments. These findings further highlighted the important role of KMT2D in PCa progression and suggested that targeting KMT2D might be therapeutically beneficial for advanced PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Haoran Wen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Xiongwei Shan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Xinpei Yu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
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23
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Xu J, Wang Z, Lu W, Jiang H, Lu J, Qiu J, Ye G. EZH2 promotes gastric cancer cells proliferation by repressing p21 expression. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152374. [PMID: 30952377 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 is a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and promotes carcinogenesis by epigenetically silencing many tumor suppressor genes. Increased EZH2 expression is a marker of advanced and metastatic in many cancers, including lung, prostate and breast cancer, and it has been considered as a potential novel therapeutic target. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of EZH2 controlling gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion are not well documented. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to investigate the EZH2 expression in gastric cancer. We found that EZH2 levels were increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, patients with high levels of EZH2 expression had a relatively poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 expression by siRNA could impair cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and vivo. Finally, we found that EZH2 influences gastric cancer cells proliferation partly through regulating p21 expression. Our findings present that EZH2 over-expression can be identified as a poor prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guochao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Chu HR, Sun YC, Gao Y, Guan XM, Yan H, Cui XD, Zhang XY, Li X, Li H, Cheng M. Function of Krüppel‑like factor 2 in the shear stress‑induced cell differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells to endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1739-1746. [PMID: 30628700 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Krüppel‑like factor 2 (KLF2) on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to endothelial cells (ECs) induced by shear stress, and to investigate the corresponding mechanisms. Cultured rat late EPCs were exposed to shear stress (12 dyn/cm2) for different lengths of time. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used to measure the initial KLF2 mRNA levels in each group. Subsequently, the EPCs were treated with anti‑integrin β1 or β3 antibodies to block integrin β1 and β3, respectively, or cytochalasin D to destroy F‑actin, and the subsequent expression levels of KLF2 in EPCs were measured. Then, KLF2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into EPCs, and RT‑qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression level of KLF2. Additionally, flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the protein levels of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and the von Willebrand factor (vWF), and the regulatory effects of KLF2 in the promoter region of vWF were determined via a luciferase assay. High shear stress upregulated KLF2 expression, while blocking integrin β1/β3 or destroying F‑actin resulted in a corresponding decrease in KLF2 expression. Downregulation of KLF2 expression by siKLF2 inhibited the differentiation of EPCs to ECs under shear stress conditions, while the expression of EC‑specific markers decreased, including CD31 and vWF. Various lengths of the vWF promoter region induced vWF expression, and EPCs co‑transfected with KLF2 significantly increased the vWF expression levels compared with the group treated with vWF alone (P<0.01). In conclusion, shear stress may upregulate KLF2 expression, which may be associated with the integrin‑actin cytoskeleton system. Most importantly, the shear stress‑induced differentiation of EPCs may be mediated by KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Chu
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cong Sun
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Guan
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Cui
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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25
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Wang Y, Wu M, Lei Z, Huang M, Li Z, Wang L, Cao Q, Han D, Chang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xue L, Mao X, Geng J, Chen Y, Dai T, Ren L, Wang Q, Yu H, Chen C, Chu X. Dysregulation of miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 circuit contributes to colorectal cancer angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:292. [PMID: 30486864 PMCID: PMC6264626 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a crucial regulator in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms causing dysregulation of FOXM1 in CRC remain unclear. Methods Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine FOXM1 as miR-6868-5p target. The function of miR-6868-5p and FOXM1 in CRC angiogenesis was verified in vitro. Intratumoral injection model was constructed to explore the effect of miR-6868-5p on angiogenesis in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to assess direct binding of H3K27me3 to the miR-6868 promoter. Results Through integrated analysis, we identified miR-6868-5p as the potent regulator of FOXM1. Overexpression of miR-6868-5p in CRC cells inhibited the angiogenic properties of co-cultured endothelial cells, whereas silencing of miR-6868-5p had opposite effects. In vivo delivery of miR-6868-5p blocked tumor angiogenesis in nude mice, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. Rescue of FOXM1 reversed the effect of miR-6868-5p on tumor angiogenesis. Further mechanistic study revealed that FOXM1 promoted the production of IL-8, which was responsible for the miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 axis-regulated angiogenesis. Reciprocally, FOXM1 inhibited miR-6868-5p expression through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 on miR-6868-5p promoter, thus forming a feedback circuit. Clinically, the level of miR-6868-5p was downregulated in CRC tissues and inversely correlated with microvessel density as well as levels of FOXM1 and IL-8 in tumor specimens. Conclusions Together, these data identify miR-6868-5p as a novel determinant of FOXM1 expression and establish a miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 regulatory circuit for CRC angiogenesis, providing potential target for CRC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0970-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qijun Cao
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Han
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobei Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongju Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Zhao K, He J, Wang YF, Jin SD, Fan Y, Fang N, Qian J, Xu TP, Guo RH. EZH2-mediated epigenetic suppression of EphB3 inhibits gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by affecting E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Gene 2018; 686:118-124. [PMID: 30408551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
EphB3 is a member of the EPH family of receptors and has been found to play a role in the carcinogenesis of some human cancers. However, its expression and clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC) have not been well documented. In the present study, we detected the expression of EphB3 in GC and adjacent noncancerous tissues and explored its relationships with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of GC patients. It was found that EphB3 silenced GC cells epigenetically by direct transcriptional repression of GC cells via polycomb group protein EZH2 mediation. EphB3 was downregulated in GC cells and tissues, and EphB3 depletion promoted GC cell growth and invasion, while ectopic overexpression of EphB3 produced a significant anti-tumor effect. EphB3 was found to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating E-cadherin and vimentin expression. In addition, patients with reduced EphB3 expression had shorter disease-free survival (DFS), indicating that EphB3 may prove to be a biomarker for prognosis of GC. These results demonstrated that EphB3 functioned as a tumor-suppressor and prognostic biomarker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yangzhou/The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Dai Jin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Fang
- Cancer Institute, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Cancer Medical Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong-Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ren-Hua Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Li J, Jiang X, Li Z, Huang L, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Cui Y. Long noncoding RNA GHET1 in human cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 488:111-115. [PMID: 30399371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs are a group of noncoding RNAs that are >200 nucleotides in length. These RNAs have no significant protein-coding potential due to the lack of obvious open reading frames. To date, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of lncRNAs exhibits indispensable roles in the pathological processes of human cancers. These RNAs function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to regulate proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. GHET1, a prominent oncogenic lncRNA, is highly expressed in diverse malignancies. Furthermore, GHET1 performs key functions in carcinogenesis and progression, suggesting that GHET1 is expected to be a prospective biomarker or therapeutic target for cancers. In this review, we provide a summary of the current evidence concerning the biological functions, underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of GHET1 during tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuanshi Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin 150086, China.
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28
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Wang L, Meng D, Wang Y, Hu J. Long non-coding RNA LINC01296 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by epigenetic suppression of KLF2. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2020-2029. [PMID: 30416853 PMCID: PMC6220133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found in many types of tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the pattern of expression and function of LINC01296 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are unknown. In the current study we showed that LINC01296 expression is significantly higher in ESCC tissues when compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Higher LINC01296 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and worse overall survival rate in ESCC patients. Furthermore, functional assays in vitro demonstrated that knockdown of LINC01296 inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasiveness. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that LINC01296 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by epigenetic suppression of KLF2 expression via an interaction with EZH2 in ESCC cells. We also demonstrated that knockdown of LINC01296 inhibited cell growth and up-regulated KLF2 expression in vivo. These results indicate that LINC01296 acts as an oncogene and may serve as a potential target in ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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29
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Xu M, Chen X, Lin K, Zeng K, Liu X, Pan B, Xu X, Xu T, Hu X, Sun L, He B, Pan Y, Sun H, Wang S. The long noncoding RNA SNHG1 regulates colorectal cancer cell growth through interactions with EZH2 and miR-154-5p. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:141. [PMID: 30266084 PMCID: PMC6162892 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles during the initiation and progression of cancers. In this study, we report that the small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) is involved in colorectal cancer progression. METHODS We analyzed RNA sequencing data to explore abnormally expressed lncRNAs in colorectal cancer. The effects of SNHG1 on colorectal cancer were investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays (i.e., CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, EdU assay, xenograft model, immunohistochemistry, and western blot). The mechanism of SNHG1 action was explored through bioinformatics, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that SNHG1 was upregulated in human colorectal cancer tissues, and high SNHG1 expression was associated with reduced patient survival. We also found that high SNHG1 expression was partly induced by SP1. Moreover, SNHG1 knockdown significantly repressed colorectal cancer cells growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that SNHG1 could directly interact with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and modulate the histone methylation of promoter of Kruppel like factor 2 (KLF2) and Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, SNHG1 acted as a sponge for miR-154-5p, reducing its ability to repress Cyclin D2 (CCND2) expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of our studies illuminate how SNHG1 formed a regulatory network to confer an oncogenic function in colorectal cancer and suggest that SNHG1 may serve as a potential target for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Kaixuan Zeng
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Bei Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xueni Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tao Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Bangshun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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30
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Marcos-López M, Calduch-Giner JA, Mirimin L, MacCarthy E, Rodger HD, O'Connor I, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Pérez-Sánchez J, Piazzon MC. Gene expression analysis of Atlantic salmon gills reveals mucin 5 and interleukin 4/13 as key molecules during amoebic gill disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13689. [PMID: 30209326 PMCID: PMC6135806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the main diseases affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture. Hallmarks of AGD are hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium and increased production of gill mucus. This study investigated the expression of genes involved in mucus secretion, cell cycle regulation, immunity and oxidative stress in gills using a targeted 21-gene PCR array. Gill samples were obtained from experimental and natural Neoparamoeba perurans infections, and sampling points included progressive infection stages and post-freshwater treatment. Up-regulation of genes related to mucin secretion and cell proliferation, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes were associated with AGD severity, while partial restoration of the gill homeostasis was detected post-treatment. Mucins and Th2 cytokines accoun ted for most of the variability observed between groups highlighting their key role in AGD. Two mucins (muc5, muc18) showed differential regulation upon disease. Substantial up-regulation of the secreted muc5 was detected in clinical AGD, and the membrane bound muc18 showed an opposite pattern. Th2 cytokines, il4/13a and il4/13b2, were significantly up-regulated from 2 days post-infection onwards, and changes were lesion-specific. Despite the differences between experimental and natural infections, both yielded comparable results that underline the importance of the studied genes in the respiratory organs of fish, and during AGD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Marcos-López
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland. .,FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co, Galway, H91 XP3F, Ireland.
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain
| | - Luca Mirimin
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Eugene MacCarthy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Hamish D Rodger
- FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co, Galway, H91 XP3F, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain.
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31
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Garbuzenko DV, Arefyev NO, Kazachkov EL. Antiangiogenic therapy for portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis: Current progress and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3738-3748. [PMID: 30197479 PMCID: PMC6127663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing medicines for hemodynamic disorders that are characteristic of cirrhosis of the liver is a relevant problem in modern hepatology. The increase in hepatic vascular resistance to portal blood flow and subsequent hyperdynamic circulation underlie portal hypertension (PH) and promote its progression, despite the formation of portosystemic collaterals. Angiogenesis and vascular bed restructurization play an important role in PH pathogenesis as well. In this regard, strategic directions in the therapy for PH in cirrhosis include selectively decreasing hepatic vascular resistance while preserving or increasing portal blood flow, and correcting hyperdynamic circulation and pathological angiogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms of angiogenesis in PH and the methods of antiangiogenic therapy. The PubMed database, the Google Scholar retrieval system, and the reference lists from related articles were used to search for relevant publications. Articles corresponding to the aim of the review were selected for 2000-2017 using the keywords: “liver cirrhosis”, “portal hypertension”, “pathogenesis”, “angiogenesis”, and “antiangiogenic therapy”. Antiangiogenic therapy for PH was the inclusion criterion. In this review, we have described angiogenesis inhibitors and their mechanism of action in relation to PH. Although most of them were studied only in animal experiments, this selective therapy for abnormally growing newly formed vessels is pathogenetically reasonable to treat PH and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk 454092, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Leonidovich Kazachkov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk 454092, Russia
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LncRNA SNHG3 enhances the malignant progress of glioma through silencing KLF2 and p21. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180420. [PMID: 30042166 PMCID: PMC6127675 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly discovered long non-coding RNA, small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SHNG3) has been reported to be dysregulated in certain cancers. Nevertheless, the details about clinical values and biological effects of SNHG3 on glioma are still covered. In this paper, we determined the expression level of SNHG3 in glioma tissues and cells and evaluated the effect of SNHG3 expression on the prognosis of glioma patients. The functional assays were applied to define the effects of SNHG3 on the biological behaviors in glioma including cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. It was revealed that SNHG3 was much more enriched in glioma tissues and cell lines than in normal ones. Furthermore, gain- or loss-of-function experiments indicated that the up-regulation of SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, accelerate cell cycle progress, and repressed cell apoptosis. The mechanistic assays disclosed that SNHG3 facilitated the malignant progression of glioma through epigenetically repressing KLF2 and p21 via recruiting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 to the promoter of KLF2 and p21. Generally, it was exposed that SNHG3 might function as an oncogene in glioma and could be explored as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
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Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates Kruppel-Like Factor 2 (KLF2) via Inducing DNMT1-Mediated Hypermethylation in Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2018; 40:1589-1598. [PMID: 28578476 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
KLF2 plays a protective role in antiinflammation and endothelial function, and can be regulated by promoter methylation alteration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a mediator of inflammatory responses, which causes epigenetic change of certain genes in host cells. We thus aimed to determine whether LPS could control the KLF2 expression by inducing methylation in promoter region. DNA methylation of 16 CpG sites within KLF2 promoter region was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR. Results showed that methylation at 12 CpG sites were significantly increased in HUVECs after exposure to LPS among the total 16 sites, and the average level was increased by 57%. The KLF2 expressions assessed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were significantly downregulated compared that without LPS simulation. Moreover, both messenger RNA and protein levels of KLF2 in HUVEC co-treated with LPS and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 small interfering RNA were dramatically higher than that treated with LPS only. Similar result was obtained when the cells were incubated in combination with LPS and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), suggesting that the reduction of KLF2 expression induced by LPS can be reversed by DNMT1 inhibition. Finally, the presence of AZA changed the expression of genes that depends on KLF2 in LPS-stimulated HUVECs, which downregulated the E-selectin and VCAM and increased the eNOS and thrombomodulin expression. Our data demonstrated that LPS exposure resulted in hypermethylation in KLF2 promoter in HUVECs, which subsequently led to downregulation of the KLF2 expression. The study suggested that epigenetic alteration is involved in LPS-induced inflammatory response and provided a new insight into atherogenesis.
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A Novel lncRNA, LINC00460, Affects Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Regulating KLF2 and CUL4A Expression in Colorectal Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:684-697. [PMID: 30092404 PMCID: PMC6083012 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has proven that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human colorectal cancer (CRC) biology, although few lncRNAs have been characterized in CRC. Therefore, the functional significance of lncRNAs in the malignant progression of CRC still needs to be further explored. In this study, through analyzing TCGA RNA sequencing data and other publicly available microarray data, we found a novel lncRNA, LINC00460, whose expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Consistently, real-time qPCR results also verified that LINC00460 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells. Furthermore, high LINC00460 expression levels in CRC specimens were correlated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival. In vitro and in vivo assays of LINC00460 alterations revealed a complex integrated phenotype affecting cell growth and apoptosis. Mechanistically, LINC00460 repressed Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) transcription by binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). LINC00460 also functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-149-5p, antagonizing its ability to repress cullin 4A (CUL4A) protein translation. Taken together, our findings support a model in which the LINC00460/EZH2/KLF2 and LINC00460/miR-149-5p/CUL4A crosstalk serve as critical effectors in CRC tumorigenesis and progression, suggesting new therapeutic directions in CRC.
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Lu X, He X, Su J, Wang J, Liu X, Xu K, De W, Zhang E, Guo R, Shi YE. EZH2-Mediated Epigenetic Suppression of GDF15 Predicts a Poor Prognosis and Regulates Cell Proliferation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:309-318. [PMID: 30195769 PMCID: PMC6031151 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGF-β superfamily of cytokines, has been reported to exert very heterogeneous functions in various tumors. However, its expression and roles in mediating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression remain unknown. In this study, we found that GDF15 is downregulated in paired NSCLC tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes in NSCLC. A functional experiment demonstrated that overexpression of GDF15 significantly repressed NSCLC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that inhibition of EZH2 expression prevented its binding to the GDF15 promoter region and reduced the trimethylation modification pattern of H3K27. Together, our data uncover that GDF15 is a direct target of EZH2 and, as a regulator of proliferation, might serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Lu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xinyin Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Yuenian Eric Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Wehrkamp CJ, Natarajan SK, Mohr AM, Phillippi MA, Mott JL. miR-106b-responsive gene landscape identifies regulation of Kruppel-like factor family. RNA Biol 2018; 15:391-403. [PMID: 29286255 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1422471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA dysregulation is a common feature of cancer and due to the promiscuity of microRNA binding this can result in a wide array of genes whose expression is altered. miR-106b is an oncomiR overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma and its upregulation in this and other cancers often leads to repression of anti-tumorigenic targets. The goal of this study was to identify the miR-106b-regulated gene landscape in cholangiocarcinoma cells using a genome-wide, unbiased mRNA analysis. Through RNA-Seq we found 112 mRNAs significantly repressed by miR-106b. The majority of these genes contain the specific miR-106b seed-binding site. We have validated 11 genes from this set at the mRNA level and demonstrated regulation by miR-106b of 7 proteins. Combined analysis of our miR-106b-regulated mRNA data set plus published reports indicate that miR-106b binding is anchored by G:C pairing in and near the seed. Novel targets Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and KLF6 were verified both at the mRNA and at the protein level. Further investigation showed regulation of four other KLF family members by miR-106b. We have discovered coordinated repression of multiple members of the KLF family by miR-106b that may play a role in cholangiocarcinoma tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Wehrkamp
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha
| | - Ashley M Mohr
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha
| | - Mary Anne Phillippi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha
| | - Justin L Mott
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha
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Chen S, Pu J, Bai J, Yin Y, Wu K, Wang J, Shuai X, Gao J, Tao K, Wang G, Li H. EZH2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulating miR-22/galectin-9 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:3. [PMID: 29316949 PMCID: PMC5761110 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced galectin-9 expression in Kupffer cells plays an essential role in modulatingthe microenvironment of hepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether or not IFN-γ induces galectin-9 expression in HCC cells, its biological role and regulatory mechanism in HCC development and progression are poorly defined. Methods Quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis were used to detect galectin-9 and EZH2 levels in HCC cell lines stimulated with IFN-γ. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to confirmthe binding ofmiR-22 to the 3′ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of galectin-9. The methylation status of miR-22 promoter was analyzed by MSP (Methylation specific PCR) and BSP (bisulfite sequencing PCR), while chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay identify the occupation status of EZH2 and H3K27me3 at the promoter. Furthermore, the effect of ectopic expression of galectin-9 and miR-22 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell apoptosis was assessed by using CCK-8, transwell assays and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Results IFN-γ induces up-regulation of galectin-9 and EZH2 in HCC cell lines. Galectin-9 is a target of miR-22 and EZH2 facilitates galectin-9 expression by tri-methylation of H3K27 on miR-22 promoter but not hyper-methylation status of DNA. MiR-22 overexpression suppressed HCC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, galectin-9 also exhibited antitumor effects, and restoring galectin-9 expression in miR-22 overexpressing cells strengthened its antitumor effects. Conclusions These findings indicated that EZH2 facilitates galectin-9 expression by epigenetically repressing miR-22 and that galectin-9, which is known as an immunosuppressant, also functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0670-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiarui Pu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuping Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang C, Li L, Duan Q, Wang Q, Chen J. Krüppel-like factor 2 suppresses human gastric tumorigenesis through inhibiting PTEN/AKT signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100358-100370. [PMID: 29245984 PMCID: PMC5725026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a large family of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators that affect basic cellular processes such as growth, survival, migration and differentiation and serve a complicated function in cancers. KLF2, one member of the KLF family, is dysregulated in many tumors. However, the specific role of KLF2 in human gastric tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we show that the expression of KLF2 protein was lower in gastric tumors when compared with adjacent normal tissue. Moreover, downregulated KLF2 expression in primary gastric tumor was closely correlated with patients’ survival. Various cell experiments showed that ectopic KLF2 expression suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, KLF2 overexpression remarkably enhanced cell apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest. Impaired expression of KLF2 markedly promoted cell growth in vitro and significantly expanded tumor size in vivo. Mechanically, the mRNA and protein level of PTEN was reduced in KLF2 deficient cells and xenograft tumors, suggesting that PTEN/AKT signaling was involved in the gastric tumor inhibitory effect of KLF2. Administration of AKT inhibitor AZD5363 or Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in KLF2 knockdown or ectopic expression cell lines, respectively, substantially reversed the proliferation phenotype. Collectively, our findings provide clinical evidence and a potential mechanism supporting that KLF2 suppresses human gastric tumorigenesis through inhibiting the PTEN/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200241, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Fengxian Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liang Li
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuhui Duan
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Fengxian Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200241, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Fengxian Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
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Dou C, Sun L, Jin X, Han M, Zhang B, Jiang X, Lv J, Li T. Long non-coding RNA CARLo-5 promotes tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma via suppressing miR-200b expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70172-70182. [PMID: 29050269 PMCID: PMC5642544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cancer initiation and progression. The aim was to investigate the biological functions and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA CARLo-5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). QRT-PCR was performed to investigate CARLo-5 expression in HCC tissues and cells. Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate analysis validated the association between CARLo-5 expression and overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Cell proliferation and invasion was performed by CCK8 cell proliferation, cell colony formation and transwell invasion assays. Western-blot assay was performed to evaluate the protein expression of Twist1, ZEB1, E-cadherin and Vimentin. Tumor xenografts were performed to evaluate the effect of CARLo-5 on tumor growth in vivo. RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were also performed. Our results showed that CARLo-5 expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues and upregulated CARLo-5 expression was closely correlated with tumor size and advanced tumor stage. Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate analysis validated that higher CARLo-5 expression predicted a poor prognosis for HCC patients and was an independent risk factor for OS in HCC patients. In vitro, knockdown of CARLo-5 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and inhibited the cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by up-regulating the E-cadherin expression and down-regulating Twist1, ZEB1 and vimentin expression in HCC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CARLo-5 inhibited the miR-200b expression via EZH2. In vivo, knockdown of CARLo-5 significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Thus, our results indicated that CARLo-5 represented a novel tumor biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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40
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A novel lncRNA, LL22NC03-N64E9.1, represses KLF2 transcription through binding with EZH2 in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59435-59445. [PMID: 28938648 PMCID: PMC5601744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been implicated in variety human cancer but their mechanisms of function are mainly undocumented. In the present study, we investigated lncRNAs alteration that contributed to colorectal cancer (CRC) by utilizing TCGA RNA sequencing data and other publicly available lncRNAs expression profiling data. Here, We screened out the CRC-associated lncRNA LL22NC03-N64E9.1, a key regulator of CRC development and progression. We also revealed that knockdown of LL22NC03-N64E9.1 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, tumorigenicity and apoptosis promotion, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LL22NC03-N64E9.1 repressed underlying target gene KLF2 transcription through binding to EZH2. Furthermore, rescue experiments revealed that LL22NC03-N64E9.1 oncogenic function may partially depend on repressing KLF2. Taken together, our results suggested that LL22NC03-N64E9.1 confered an oncogenic function in human CRC and may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in this deadly disease.
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Yi X, Guo J, Guo J, Sun S, Yang P, Wang J, Li Y, Xie L, Cai J, Wang Z. EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing of TIMP2 promotes ovarian cancer migration and invasion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3568. [PMID: 28620234 PMCID: PMC5472630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is often increased in malignant tumors and is involved in metastasis. EZH2 silences gene expression by tri-methylating the lysine 27 residue of histone H3 (H3K27me3). However, the mechanism underlying EZH2 promotion of ovarian cancer metastasis remains elusive. Here, we showed that EZH2 is up-regulated in ovarian cancer and is associated with tumor metastasis and poor survival by mRNA sequencing and microarray results from databases. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry results revealed that EZH2 was negatively correlated with the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2). EZH2 overexpression inhibited TIMP2 expression and promoted proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and vice versa. EZH2 promoted ovarian cancer invasion and migration, which could be largely reversed by TIMP2 down-regulation in vitro and in vivo. Both H3K27me3 inhibition and demethylation could reduce methylation of the TIMP2 promoter and finally reactivate TIMP2 transcription. The presence of EZH2 and H3K27me3 at the TIMP2 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. H3K27me3 and DNA methyltransferases at the promoter were significantly increased by EZH2 overexpression. These results suggest that EZH2 inhibits TIMP2 expression via H3K27me3 and DNA methylation, which relieve the repression of MMP and facilitate ovarian cancer invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lisha Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang HG, Cao B, Zhang LX, Song N, Li H, Zhao WZ, Li YS, Ma SM, Yin DJ. KLF2 inhibits cell growth via regulating HIF-1α/Notch-1 signal pathway in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Oncol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28628187 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor and regulate biological processes of cancer cells, such as cell growth, cell apoptosis and angiogenesis. However, the function and mechanism of KLF2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. In the present study, we show that the expression of KLF2 is diminished in a cohort of CRC cell lines. Also, KLF2 overexpression remarkably inhibits HCT116 and SW480 cell survival and proliferation. Moreover, cell death detection ELISA plus assay showed that KLF2 overexpression increased HCT116 cell proliferation. Caspase-3/7 activity also increased in HCT116 cells transfected with PcDNA3.1-KLF2. Further studies showed that KLF2 significantly suppresses the expression of Notch-1 and is dependent on the decline of the HIF-1α level. Most importantly, silencing Notch-1 expression or HIF-1α level both impair the action of KLF2 overexpression in CRC cells. Collectively, we demonstrated that KLF2 mediates CRC cell biological processes including cell growth and apoptosis via regulating the HIF-1α/Notch-1 signal pathway. These results indicated that KLF2 plays an important role in CRC and provided novel insight on the function of KLF2 in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Gang Wang
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cao
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xian Zhang
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Nan Song
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zeng Zhao
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Shu Li
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Mao Ma
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Jian Yin
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
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43
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Liu Z, Chen Z, Fan R, Jiang B, Chen X, Chen Q, Nie F, Lu K, Sun M. Over-expressed long noncoding RNA HOXA11-AS promotes cell cycle progression and metastasis in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:82. [PMID: 28441948 PMCID: PMC5405470 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in a variety of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the function and mechanisms responsible for these molecules in GC are not fully understood. In our previous study, we found that GC associated lncRNA HOXA11-AS is significantly upregulated in GC tissues. Over-expressed HOXA11-AS promotes GC cells proliferation and invasion through scaffolding the chromatin modification factors PRC2, LSD1 and DNMT1. Methods HOXA11-AS expression levels in GC cells was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). HOXA11-AS siRNAs and overexpression vector were transfected into GC cells to down-regulate or up-regulate HOXA11-AS expression. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the functional role of HOXA11-AS in GC cells cell cycle progression, invasion and metastasis. RIP and ChIP assays were used to determine the mechanism of HOXA11-AS’s regulation of underlying targets. Results We found that knockdown of HOXA11-AS induced GC cells G0/G1 phase arrest and suppressed GC cells migration, invasion and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic investigation showed that HOXA11-AS could interact with WDR5 and promote β-catenin transcription, bind with EZH2 and repress P21 transcription, and induce KLF2 mRNA degradation via interacting with STAU1. Conclusions Taken together, these findings show that HOXA11-AS not only could promote GC cells migration and invasion in vitro, but also promotes GC cells metastasis in vivo, at least in part, by regulating β-catenin and KLF2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0651-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinnan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Nie
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1410, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic mature B-cell neoplasm with unique clinicopathologic features and an initial exquisite sensitivity to chemotherapy with purine analogs; however, the disease relapses, often repeatedly. The enigmatic pathogenesis of HCL was recently clarified by the discovery of its underlying genetic cause, the BRAF-V600E kinase-activating mutation, which is somatically and clonally present in almost all patients through the entire disease spectrum and clinical course. By aberrantly activating the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, BRAF-V600E shapes key biologic features of HCL, including its specific expression signature, hairy morphology, and antiapoptotic behavior. Accompanying mutations of the KLF2 transcription factor or the CDKN1B/p27 cell cycle inhibitor are recurrent in 16% of patients with HCL and likely cooperate with BRAF-V600E in HCL pathogenesis. Conversely, BRAF-V600E is absent in other B-cell neoplasms, including mimickers of HCL that require different treatments (eg, HCL-variant and splenic marginal zone lymphoma). Thus, testing for BRAF-V600E allows for a genetics-based differential diagnosis between HCL and HCL-like tumors, even noninvasively in routine blood samples. BRAF-V600E also represents a new therapeutic target. Patients' leukemic cells exposed ex vivo to BRAF inhibitors are spoiled of their HCL identity and then undergo apoptosis. In clinical trials of patients with HCL who have experienced multiple relapses after purine analogs or who are refractory to purine analogs, a short course of the oral BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib produced an almost 100% response rate, including complete remission rates of 35% to 42%, without myelotoxicity. To further improve on these results, it will be important to clarify the mechanisms of incomplete leukemic cell eradication by vemurafenib and to explore chemotherapy-free combinations of a BRAF inhibitor with other targeted agents (eg, a MEK inhibitor and/or an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tiacci
- All authors: Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pettirossi
- All authors: Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Schiavoni
- All authors: Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- All authors: Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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45
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Wang Y, Liu J, Bai H, Dang Y, Lv P, Wu S. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 00152 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression by epigenetically suppressing P16 and negatively regulates miR-205. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:312-322. [PMID: 28337379 PMCID: PMC5336504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the tumorigenesis and development of several human cancers. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 152 (LINC00152) is significantly up-regulated in some solid tumors. However, the role of LINC00152 in the pathogenesis and development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains largely unclear. In the study, we showed that LINC00152 expression was up-regulated in RCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and revealed that LINC00152 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, higher TNM stage, and poor over survival (OS) time in RCC patients. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC00152 inhibited RCC cell proliferation and S phase cell proportion in vitro. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) verified that LINC00152 bound to Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), LSD1 and histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and epigenetically suppressing P16 expression. In addition, LINC00152 expression was negatively correlated with miR-205 in RCC and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-205 was a target of LINC00152. These findings suggested that LINC00152 may contribute to RCC progression by epigenetically repressing P16 expression and interacted with miR-205. Thus, LINC00152 acted as a novel prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Hebei Chest HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianzhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Hebei Chest HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongzhong Bai
- Department of Imaging, Hebei Chest HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Dang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Hebei general HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Hebei Chest HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shucai Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Hebei Chest HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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46
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Sun M, Nie F, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Hou J, He D, Xie M, Xu L, De W, Wang Z, Wang J. LncRNA HOXA11-AS Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer by Scaffolding the Chromatin Modification Factors PRC2, LSD1, and DNMT1. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6299-6310. [PMID: 27651312 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been implicated in human cancer but their mechanisms of action are mainly undocumented. In this study, we investigated lncRNA alterations that contribute to gastric cancer through an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA sequencing data and other publicly available microarray data. Here we report the gastric cancer-associated lncRNA HOXA11-AS as a key regulator of gastric cancer development and progression. Patients with high HOXA11-AS expression had a shorter survival and poorer prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays of HOXA11-AS alterations revealed a complex integrated phenotype affecting cell growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Strikingly, high-throughput sequencing analysis after HOXA11-AS silencing highlighted alterations in cell proliferation and cell-cell adhesion pathways. Mechanistically, EZH2 along with the histone demethylase LSD1 or DNMT1 were recruited by HOXA11-AS, which functioned as a scaffold. HOXA11-AS also functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-1297, antagonizing its ability to repress EZH2 protein translation. In addition, we found that E2F1 was involved in HOXA11-AS activation in gastric cancer cells. Taken together, our findings support a model in which the EZH2/HOXA11-AS/LSD1 complex and HOXA11-AS/miR-1297/EZH2 cross-talk serve as critical effectors in gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression, suggesting new therapeutic directions in gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6299-310. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Nie
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiakai Hou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People' Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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47
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Wassef M, Michaud A, Margueron R. Association between EZH2 expression, silencing of tumor suppressors and disease outcome in solid tumors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2256-62. [PMID: 27419533 PMCID: PMC5004685 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1208872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2, the main catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is apparently upregulated in most solid tumors. Furthermore its expression generally associates with poor prognosis. It was proposed that this correlation reflects a causal event, EZH2 mediating the silencing of key tumor suppressor loci. In contrast, we recently showed that EZH2 is dispensable for solid tumor development and that its elevated expression reflects the abnormally high proliferation rate of cancer cells. Here, we investigate the functional association between EZH2 expression and silencing of key tumor suppressor loci and further illustrate the confounding effect of proliferation on EZH2′s association to outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wassef
- a Institut Curie , Paris , France.,b INSERM U934 , Paris , France.,c CNRS UMR3215 , Paris , France
| | - A Michaud
- a Institut Curie , Paris , France.,b INSERM U934 , Paris , France.,c CNRS UMR3215 , Paris , France
| | - R Margueron
- a Institut Curie , Paris , France.,b INSERM U934 , Paris , France.,c CNRS UMR3215 , Paris , France
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48
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Lv YC, Tang YY, Zhang P, Wan W, Yao F, He PP, Xie W, Mo ZC, Shi JF, Wu JF, Peng J, Liu D, Cayabyab FS, Zheng XL, Tang XY, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Histone Methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2-Mediated ABCA1 Promoter DNA Methylation Contributes to the Progression of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157265. [PMID: 27295295 PMCID: PMC4905646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying ABCA1 epigenetic modification and determine its potential impact on ABCA1 expression in macrophage-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. DNA methylation induced foam cell formation from macrophages and promoted atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a large CpG island (CGI) located in the promoter region of ABCA1. Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) downregulated ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) with 5-Aza-dC or knockdown of DNMT1 prevented the downregulation of macrophage ABCA1 expression, suggesting a role of DNA methylation in ABCA1 expression. Polycomb protein EZH2 induced DNMT1 expression and methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) recruitment, and stimulated the binding of DNMT1 and MeCP2 to ABCA1 promoter, thereby promoting ABCA1 gene DNA methylation and atherosclerosis. Knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited EZH2-induced downregulation of ABCA1 in macrophages. Conversely, EZH2 overexpression stimulated DNMT1-induced ABCA1 gene promoter methylation and atherosclerosis. EZH2-induced downregulation of ABCA1 gene expression promotes foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis by DNA methylation of ABCA1 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Lv
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, 425100, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Francisco S. Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiang-Yang Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, WCI Suite C5018, 1701 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- * E-mail: (CKT); (XPOY)
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- * E-mail: (CKT); (XPOY)
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49
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Abstract
The Polycomb group of proteins (PcGs) are transcriptional repressor complexes that regulate important biological processes and play critical roles in cancer. Mutating or deleting EZH2 can have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions by increasing or decreasing H3K27me3. In contrast, mutations of SUZ12 and EED are reported to have tumor suppressive functions. EZH2 is overexpressed in many cancers, including prostate cancer, which can lead to silencing of tumor suppressors, genes regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and interferon signaling. In some cases, EZH2 overexpression also leads to its use of non-histone substrates. Lastly, PRC2 associated factors can influence the progression of cancer through progressive mutations or by specific binding to certain target genes. Here, we discuss which mutations and deletions of the PRC2 complex have been detected in different cancers, with a specific focus on the overexpression of EZH2 in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Jain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Abstract
Recent genomic studies have resulted in an emerging understanding of the role of chromatin regulators in the development of cancer. EZH2, a histone methyl transferase subunit of a Polycomb repressor complex, is recurrently mutated in several forms of cancer and is highly expressed in numerous others. Notably, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations occur in cancers but are associated with distinct cancer types. Here we review the spectrum of EZH2-associated mutations, discuss the mechanisms underlying EZH2 function, and synthesize a unifying perspective that the promotion of cancer arises from disruption of the role of EZH2 as a master regulator of transcription. We further discuss EZH2 inhibitors that are now showing early signs of promise in clinical trials and also additional strategies to combat roles of EZH2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H. Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W. M. Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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