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Satam S, Palekar N, Premkumar K, Shankar BS. Sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, inhibits the EMT and metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells and impacts the tumor microenvironment. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39373058 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2412110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of epigenetic drugs on metastasis and the immunological microenvironment is poorly understood. In this study, we looked at how sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and the immune cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro experiments were carried out using tumor conditioned medium (TCM). For in vivo experiments, sirtinol was administered i.p. in tumor bearing BALB/c mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight either alone or in combination with cisplatin. Estimation of cytokines was carried out using ELISA or ELIspot. Estimation of different markers was done using flow cytometry or western blot. RESULTS Sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, was found to be cytotoxic to 4T1 breast cancer cells with no synergistic effects with cisplatin, both under in vitro and in vivo conditions (p < 0.05). Sirtinol significantly reduced cancer cell metastasis to the spleen which was supported by in vitro findings such as decreased vimentin expression and cell mobility in migration and wound healing assays (p < 0.01). Studies on the effects of 4T1 tumor-conditioned medium on spleen cells indicated changes in T cell proliferation as well as differentiation (p < 0.01). In tumor bearing mice, spleen cells showed elevated IFN-γ secretion, increased CD11b+ cells, and decreased T cells (p < 0.01). This was reversed by sirtinol as well as the combination treatment, which may also have contributed to metastasis inhibition (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor inhibits EMT and metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells and also has an impact on the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari Satam
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nitya Palekar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Kavitha Premkumar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Marhaba, Anjum S, Mandal P, Agrawal S, Ansari KM. Zearalenone promotes endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion via activation of estrogen receptor-mediated Rho/ROCK/PMLC signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:115017. [PMID: 39306225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), has emerged as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). Previous results show ZEA effects on endometrial stromal cell apoptosis, migration, and growth of endometriosis. Despite the reported presence of ZEA in Endometrial Cancer (EC) patient's blood and tissues, ZEA-induced EC promotion and its mechanism/s remain elusive. In this study, Ishikawa cells were used to investigate the ZEA effects on Ishikawa cell migration, invasion, and the underlying mechanism involved in these events. Ishikawa cells were exposed to low concentrations of ZEA (5, 25, and 125 nM) for 48 h, and morphological alterations, migration, invasion, markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), E-cadherin, Vimentin, RhoA/ROCK/PMLC pathway activation were analyzed. ZEA (25 nM) exposure caused morphological alterations like stress fiber, filopodia formation, loss of cell adhesion, and a significant increase in migration and invasive potential in extracellular matrix-coated porous membranes. Moreover, ZEA exposure also increases the Rho-GTPase activity and expression of pathway mediators, GEFH1, RhoA, ROCK1+2, CDC42, and PMLC/MLC. Furthermore, pre-treatment with specific pharmacological inhibitors for Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) and ROCK attenuate the ZEA-induced stress fiber formation and altered expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and Rho/ROCK/PMLC pathway mediators. These findings suggest that Rho/ROCK/PMLC signaling pathways are involved in ZEA-induced Ishikawa cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marhaba
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saria Anjum
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Mahmood Ansari
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Jia R, Shao S, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Rong W, An Z, Lv S, Feng Y, Liu N, Feng Q, Wang Y, Li Q. PRM1201 effectively inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis via shaping gut microbiota and short- chain fatty acids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155795. [PMID: 38878524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRM1201 is a traditional medicine with beneficial effects against colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism of this action remains to be determined. HYPOTHESIS Remodeling microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism might be a potential mechanism to explain the anti-metastatic action of PRM1201, as this gut-microbiota dependent effect involves downregulation of histone deacetylation and EMT. METHODS To investigate this possibility, clinical specimens were sequenced and the correlation between the anti-metastatic efficacy of PRM1201 and the restoration of SCFA-producing bacteria was studied. To obtain solid causal evidence, a mouse metastasis model was established to detect the influence of PRM1201 on cancer metastasis. Specifically, 16S amplicon sequencing, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis, and bacterial manipulation were used to examine the gut microbiota-driven anti-metastatic action of PRM1201. RESULTS Clinical data showed that PRM1201 increased both the number of SCFA-producing bacteria and generation of SCFAs in the feces of CRC patients. A positive correlation between the anti-metastatic efficacy of PRM1201 and the restoration of SCFAs observed. The animal experiments demonstrated that PRM1201 effectively blocked CRC metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. PRM1201 treatment modulated the composition of gut microbiota, and promoted the proliferation of beneficial SCFAs producers such as Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Blautia, while simultaneously reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, PRM1201 led to augmentation of SCFAs content. Further results indicated that the anti-cancer metastatic mechanism of PRM1201 was linked to inhibition of histone deacetylation and suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastatic lesions. Microbiota depletion treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) underscored the microbiota-dependent nature of this phenomenon. Moreover, this anti-colorectal cancer metastatic effect and mechanism of total SCFAs and single SCFA were also confirmed. CONCLUSION In summary, PRM1201 exerts its anti-metastatic effects by modulating SCFA-producing bacteria and enhancing the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, the prebiotic-like actions of PRM1201, along with the PRM1201-treated bacteria, function as inhibitors of histone deacetylases (DHACs) thereby effectively suppressing EMT events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiyun Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenqing Rong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ziming An
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng Lv
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 201203, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine & Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2560 Chunshen Road, Shanghai 201104, China.
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Kusuma IY, Habibie H, Bahar MA, Budán F, Csupor D. Anticancer Effects of Secoiridoids-A Scoping Review of the Molecular Mechanisms behind the Chemopreventive Effects of the Olive Tree Components Oleocanthal, Oleacein, and Oleuropein. Nutrients 2024; 16:2755. [PMID: 39203892 PMCID: PMC11357637 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea) and olive oil hold significant cultural and historical importance in Europe. The health benefits associated with olive oil consumption have been well documented. This paper explores the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of olive oil and olive leaf, focusing on their key bioactive compounds, namely oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. The chemopreventive potential of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein is comprehensively examined through this systematic review. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify eligible articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases published up to 10 October 2023. Among 4037 identified articles, there were 88 eligible articles describing mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. These compounds have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis), inhibit angiogenesis, suppress tumor metastasis, and modulate cancer-associated signalling pathways. Additionally, oleocanthal and oleuropein were also reported to disrupt redox hemostasis. This review provides insights into the chemopreventive mechanisms of O. europaea-derived secoiridoids, shedding light on their role in chemoprevention. The bioactivities summarized in the paper support the epidemiological evidence demonstrating a negative correlation between olive oil consumption and cancer risk. Furthermore, the mapped and summarized secondary signalling pathways may provide information to elucidate new synergies with other chemopreventive agents to complement chemotherapies and develop novel nutrition-based anti-cancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (I.Y.K.); (M.A.B.)
- Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia
| | - Habibie Habibie
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Muh. Akbar Bahar
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (I.Y.K.); (M.A.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Ferenc Budán
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (I.Y.K.); (M.A.B.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Kiri S, Ryba T. Cancer, metastasis, and the epigenome. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:154. [PMID: 39095874 PMCID: PMC11295362 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and disease burden is expected to increase globally throughout the next several decades, with the majority of cancer-related deaths occurring in metastatic disease. Cancers exhibit known hallmarks that endow them with increased survival and proliferative capacities, frequently as a result of de-stabilizing mutations. However, the genomic features that resolve metastatic clones from primary tumors are not yet well-characterized, as no mutational landscape has been identified as predictive of metastasis. Further, many cancers exhibit no known mutation signature. This suggests a larger role for non-mutational genome re-organization in promoting cancer evolution and dissemination. In this review, we highlight current critical needs for understanding cell state transitions and clonal selection advantages for metastatic cancer cells. We examine links between epigenetic states, genome structure, and misregulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, and discuss how recent technologies for understanding domain-scale regulation have been leveraged for a more complete picture of oncogenic and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kiri
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, 32827, Florida, USA.
| | - Tyrone Ryba
- Department of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Rd., Sarasota, 34243, Florida, USA.
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Razavi-Mohseni M, Huang W, Guo YA, Shigaki D, Ho SWT, Tan P, Skanderup AJ, Beer MA. Machine learning identifies activation of RUNX/AP-1 as drivers of mesenchymal and fibrotic regulatory programs in gastric cancer. Genome Res 2024; 34:680-695. [PMID: 38777607 PMCID: PMC11216402 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278565.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and is a heterogeneous disease. Among GC subtypes, the mesenchymal phenotype (Mes-like) is more invasive than the epithelial phenotype (Epi-like). Although gene expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been studied, the regulatory landscape shaping this process is not fully understood. Here we use ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data from a compendium of GC cell lines and primary tumors to detect drivers of regulatory state changes and their transcriptional responses. Using the ATAC-seq data, we developed a machine learning approach to determine the transcription factors (TFs) regulating the subtypes of GC. We identified TFs driving the mesenchymal (RUNX2, ZEB1, SNAI2, AP-1 dimer) and the epithelial (GATA4, GATA6, KLF5, HNF4A, FOXA2, GRHL2) states in GC. We identified DNA copy number alterations associated with dysregulation of these TFs, specifically deletion of GATA4 and amplification of MAPK9 Comparisons with bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data sets identified activation toward fibroblast-like epigenomic and expression signatures in Mes-like GC. The activation of this mesenchymal fibrotic program is associated with differentially accessible DNA cis-regulatory elements flanking upregulated mesenchymal genes. These findings establish a map of TF activity in GC and highlight the role of copy number driven alterations in shaping epigenomic regulatory programs as potential drivers of GC heterogeneity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Razavi-Mohseni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Weitai Huang
- Laboratory of Computational Cancer Genomics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672
| | - Yu A Guo
- Laboratory of Computational Cancer Genomics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672
| | - Dustin Shigaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Shamaine Wei Ting Ho
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetic Regulation, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672
| | - Patrick Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetic Regulation, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593
| | - Anders J Skanderup
- Laboratory of Computational Cancer Genomics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672
| | - Michael A Beer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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Parija M, Prakash S, Krishna BM, Dash S, Mishra SK. SIRT1 mediates breast cancer development and tumorigenesis controlled by estrogen-related receptor β. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:440-455. [PMID: 38421553 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is NAD + dependent and essential for metabolism, senescence, and cell survival. SIRT1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer. SIRT1 is a well-known target gene of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and is closely related to ER alpha deacetylation. Transcription factor Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) share sequence homology with ERs in the DNA-binding domain, therefore, the possibility of sharing target genes between them is high. Our current research aims to gain insight into the function of ERRβ in regulating the activity of SIRT1 during the progression of breast cancer. ER-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer cells and tissues had considerably enhanced SIRT1 expression. Six potential ERRE sites were identified by analysis of the 5' upstream region of SIRT1, and both in vitro and in vivo experiments supported their presence. We found SIRT1 to be up-regulated in ERRβ overexpressed ER + ve breast cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings suggested that ectopic production of ERR and PCAF would increase SIRT1 activity. Our findings also indicated that ectopic production of ERRβ and PCAF increased SIRT1 activity. With sufficient evidence demonstrating the substantial involvement of SIRT1 in cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation capability, we were also able to illustrate the tumorigenic role of SIRT1. Overall, our findings highlight SIRT1's tumorigenic influence on breast cancer and suggest that SIRT1 inhibitors might serve as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Parija
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Surya Prakash
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - B Madhu Krishna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Dash
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Sandip K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Zhang X, Dong Y, Li W, He M, Shi Y, Han S, Li L, Zhao J, Li L, Huo J, Liu X, Ji Y, Liu Q, Wang C. The mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates autophagy and EMT in drug-resistant oesophageal cancer cells. Life Sci 2024; 343:122530. [PMID: 38401628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance presents a significant clinical challenge. The mechanisms underlying drug resistance in cancer cells are intricate and remain incompletely understood. Notably, tumor cell resistance often coincides with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we observed an elevation in autophagy levels following the development of drug resistance in oesophageal cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy led to a reduction in drug-resistant cell migration and the inhibition of EMT. Furthermore, we identified an upregulation of SIRT1 expression in drug-resistant oesophageal cancer cells. Subsequent inhibition of SIRT1 expression in drug-resistant cells resulted in the suppression of autophagy levels, migration ability, and the EMT process. Our additional investigations revealed that a SIRT1 inhibitor effectively curbed tumor growth in human oesophageal cancer xenograft model mice (TE-1, TE-1/PTX) without evident toxic effects. This mechanism appears to be associated with the autophagy levels within the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yalong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Mingjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yangyang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Shuhua Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Leilei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yanting Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.
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Zhang M, Wu K, Zhang W, Lin X, Cao Q, Zhang L, Chen K. The therapeutic potential of targeting the CHD protein family in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108610. [PMID: 38367868 PMCID: PMC10942663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic events undergo deregulation in various cancer types, playing crucial roles in tumor development. Among the epigenetic factors involved in the epigenetic remodeling of chromatin, the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) family frequently exhibits gain- or loss-of-function mutations in distinct cancer types. Therefore, targeting CHD remodelers holds the potential for antitumor treatment. In this review, we discuss epigenetic regulations of cancer development. We emphasize proteins in the CHD family, delving deeply into the intricate mechanisms governing their functions. Additionally, we provide an overview of current therapeutic strategies targeting CHD family members in preclinical trials. We further discuss the promising approaches that have demonstrated early signs of success in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wu
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber and Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber and Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Cancel M, Crottes D, Bellanger D, Bruyère F, Mousset C, Pinault M, Mahéo K, Fromont G. Variable effects of periprostatic adipose tissue on prostate cancer cells: Role of adipose tissue lipid composition and cancer cells related factors. Prostate 2024; 84:358-367. [PMID: 38112233 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) is likely to modulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression. We analyzed the variations in the effect of PPAT on cancer cells, according to its fatty acid (FA) composition and tumor characteristics. METHODS The expression of markers of aggressiveness Ki67 and Zeb1, and epigenetic marks that could be modified during PCa progression, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue-micro-array containing 59 pT3 PCa, including intra-prostatic areas and extra-prostatic foci in contact with PPAT belonging to the same tumor. In addition, we cocultivated PC3 and LNCaP cell lines with PPAT, which were then analyzed for FA composition. RESULTS Although the contact between PPAT and cancer cells led overall to an increase in Ki67 and Zeb1, and a decrease in the epigenetic marks 5MC, 5HMC, and H3K27ac, these effects were highly heterogeneous. Increased proliferation in extra-prostatic areas was associated with the international society of uropathology score. PC3 and LNCaP cocultures with PPAT led to increased Ki67, Zeb1 and H3K27me3, but only for PPAT associated with aggressive PCa. PC3 proliferation was correlated with high 20.2 n-6 and low 20.5n-3 in PPAT. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the effects of PPAT on cancer cells may depend on both PCa characteristics and PPAT composition, and could lead to propose nutritional supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cancel
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Crottes
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Coralie Mousset
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
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11
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Sharma G, Sultana A, Abdullah KM, Pothuraju R, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Epigenetic regulation of bone remodeling and bone metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:275-285. [PMID: 36379849 PMCID: PMC10175516 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuous and dynamic process of bone formation and resorption to maintain its integrity and homeostasis. Bone marrow is a source of various cell lineages, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone formation and resorption, respectively, to maintain bone homeostasis. Epigenetics is one of the elementary regulations governing the physiology of bone remodeling. Epigenetic modifications, mainly DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, regulate stable transcriptional programs without causing specific heritable alterations. DNA methylation in CpG-rich promoters of the gene is primarily correlated with gene silencing, and histone modifications are associated with transcriptional activation/inactivation. However, non-coding RNAs regulate the metastatic potential of cancer cells to metastasize at secondary sites. Deregulated or altered epigenetic modifications are often seen in many cancers and interwound with bone-specific tropism and cancer metastasis. Histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylase, and DNA methyltransferases are promising targets in epigenetically altered cancer. High throughput epigenome mapping and targeting specific epigenetics modifiers will be helpful in the development of personalized epi-drugs for advanced and bone metastasis cancer patients. This review aims to discuss and gather more knowledge about different epigenetic modifications in bone remodeling and metastasis. Further, it provides new approaches for targeting epigenetic changes and therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ashrafi Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K M Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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12
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Janin M, Davalos V, Esteller M. Cancer metastasis under the magnifying glass of epigenetics and epitranscriptomics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1071-1112. [PMID: 37369946 PMCID: PMC10713773 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Most of the cancer-associated mortality and morbidity can be attributed to metastasis. The role of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations in cancer origin and progression has been extensively demonstrated during the last years. Both regulations share similar mechanisms driven by DNA or RNA modifiers, namely writers, readers, and erasers; enzymes responsible of respectively introducing, recognizing, or removing the epigenetic or epitranscriptomic modifications. Epigenetic regulation is achieved by DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, chromatin accessibility, and enhancer reprogramming. In parallel, regulation at RNA level, named epitranscriptomic, is driven by a wide diversity of chemical modifications in mostly all RNA molecules. These two-layer regulatory mechanisms are finely controlled in normal tissue, and dysregulations are associated with every hallmark of human cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations governing tumor metastasis, and compare pathways regulated at DNA or RNA levels to shed light on a possible epi-crosstalk in cancer metastasis. A deeper understanding on these mechanisms could have important clinical implications for the prevention of advanced malignancies and the management of the disseminated diseases. Additionally, as these epi-alterations can potentially be reversed by small molecules or inhibitors against epi-modifiers, novel therapeutic alternatives could be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Janin
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Yang J, Liu J, Liang J, Li F, Wang W, Chen H, Xie X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in age-associated thymic involution: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102115. [PMID: 37922996 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a critical immune organ with endocrine and immune functions that plays important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. However, with aging, the thymus undergoes degenerative changes leading to decreased production and output of naive T cells and the secretion of thymic hormones and related cytokines, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of various age-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying essential processes that regulate age-associated thymic involution is crucial for long-term control of thymic involution and age-associated disease progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-established process involved in organ aging and functional impairment through tissue fibrosis in several organs, such as the heart and kidney. In the thymus, EMT promotes fibrosis and potentially adipogenesis, leading to thymic involution. This review focuses on the factors involved in thymic involution, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormones, from the perspective of EMT. Furthermore, current interventions for reversing age-associated thymic involution by targeting EMT-associated processes are summarized. Understanding the key mechanisms of thymic involution through EMT as an entry point may promote the development of new therapies and clinical agents to reverse thymic involution and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Cheng K, Choi J. TCR Pathway Mutations in Mature T Cell Lymphomas. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1450-1458. [PMID: 37931208 PMCID: PMC10715708 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mature T cell lymphomas are heterogeneous neoplasms that are aggressive and resistant to treatment. Many of these cancers retain immunological properties of their cell of origin. They express cytokines, cytotoxic enzymes, and cell surface ligands normally induced by TCR signaling in untransformed T cells. Until recently, their molecular mechanisms were unclear. Recently, high-dimensional studies have transformed our understanding of their cellular and genetic characteristics. Somatic mutations in the TCR signaling pathway drive lymphomagenesis by disrupting autoinhibitory domains, increasing affinity to ligands, and/or inducing TCR-independent signaling. Collectively, most of these mutations augment signaling pathways downstream of the TCR. Emerging data suggest that these mutations not only drive proliferation but also determine lymphoma immunophenotypes. For example, RHOA mutations are sufficient to induce disease-relevant CD4+ T follicular helper cell phenotypes. In this review, we describe how mutations in the TCR signaling pathway elucidate lymphoma pathophysiology but also provide insights into broader T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Bonomini F, Favero G, Petroni A, Paroni R, Rezzani R. Melatonin Modulates the SIRT1-Related Pathways via Transdermal Cryopass-Laser Administration in Prostate Tumor Xenograft. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4908. [PMID: 37894275 PMCID: PMC10605886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin displays antitumor activity in several types of malignancies; however, the best delivery route and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Alternative non-invasive delivery route based on transdermal administration of melatonin by cryopass-laser treatment demonstrated efficiency in reducing the progression of LNCaP prostate tumor cells xenografted into nude mice by impairing the biochemical pathways affecting redox balance. Here, we investigated the impact of transdermal melatonin on the tumor dimension, microenvironment structure, and SIRT1-modulated pathways. Two groups (vehicle cryopass-laser and melatonin cryopass-laser) were treated for 6 weeks (3 treatments per week), and the tumors collected were analyzed for hematoxylin eosin staining, sirius red, and SIRT1 modulated proteins such as PGC-1α, PPARγ, and NFkB. Melatonin in addition to simple laser treatment was able to boost the antitumor cancer activity impairing the tumor microenvironment, increasing the collagen structure around the tumor, and modulating the altered SIRT1 pathways. Transdermal application is effective, safe, and feasible in humans as well, and the significance of these findings necessitates further studies on the antitumor mechanisms exerted by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale—SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Petroni
- Biomedicine and Nutrition Research Network, Via Paracelso 1, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale—SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy
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16
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Saydullaeva I, Butuner BD, Korkmaz KS. NKX3.1 Expression Contributes to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32580-32592. [PMID: 37720744 PMCID: PMC10500679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that inflammation synergizes with high-grade aggressive prostate tumor development and ultimately metastatic spread, in which a lot of work has been done in recent years. However, the clear mechanism of inflammation inciting prostate cancer remains largely uncharacterized. Our previous study has shown that the conditioned media (CM)-mediated LNCaP cell migration is partially correlated with the loss of expression of the tumor suppressor NKX3.1. Here, we continue to investigate the inflammation-mediated migration of prostate cancer cells, and the role of NKX3.1 in this process to gain insights into cell migration-related changes comprehensively. Earlier, the model of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment have been optimized by our research group; here, we continue to investigate the time-dependent effect of CM exposure together with NKX3.1 changes, in which we observed that these changes play important roles in gaining heterogeneous epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Hence, this is an important parameter of tumor progression; we depleted NKX3.1 expression using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and examined the migrating cell clusters after exposure to inflammatory cytokines. We found that the migrated cells clearly demonstrate reversible loss of E-cadherin expression, which is consistent with subsequent vimentin expression alterations in comparison to control cells. Moreover, the data suggest that the AR-mediated transcriptional program also contributes to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, the quantitative proteomic analysis showed that migrated subpopulations from the same cell line presented different phenotypes in which the proteins overexpressed are involved in cell metabolism and RNA processing. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the ABC transporters were found to be the most significant. Thus, the dynamic process of cellular migration favors diverse genetic compositions under changing tumor microenvironments. The different levels of invasiveness are supported by shifting the cells in between these EMT and MET phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iroda Saydullaeva
- Faculty
of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Bilge Debelec Butuner
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Faculty
of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
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17
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Katipally RR, Pitroda SP, Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S. Oligometastases: Characterizing the Role of Epigenetic Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2761-2766. [PMID: 37115507 PMCID: PMC10687742 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The "oligometastasis" hypothesis proposes that metastases exist as a spectrum and are not always disseminated. According to this theory, a subset of patients with metastatic disease could benefit from aggressive local therapies. However, the identification of patients most likely to exhibit an oligometastatic phenotype remains challenging. Recent literature focusing on basic and translational studies has identified novel epigenetic regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the emergence of a spectrum of metastatic behavior. Herein, we review these scientific advances and suggest that the spectrum of metastatic virulence produced by these epigenetic mechanisms broadly contributes to the emergence of clinically evident "oligometastases." Epigenetic regulation of EMT programs can result in a spectrum of cell trajectories (e.g., quasi-mesenchymal and highly mesenchymal states) with differential propensity to develop metastases. We propose that quasi-mesenchymal cell states may be associated with a polymetastatic phenotype, whereas highly mesenchymal cell states may be associated with a more oligometastatic phenotype. The mechanisms governing epigenetic regulation of EMT and its array of intermediate states are multifaceted and may contribute to the development of the metastatic spectrum observed clinically. Within this context, translational studies that support the role of EMT and its epigenetic regulation are discussed. Continued translation of these mechanistic discoveries into novel biomarkers may help optimally select patients most likely to exhibit an oligometastatic phenotype and benefit from aggressive local therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and other ablative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan R. Katipally
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean P. Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel Hellman
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Sample RA, Nogueira MF, Mitra RD, Puram SV. Epigenetic regulation of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal cell states in cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2237-2248. [PMID: 37344626 PMCID: PMC10578205 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal phenotypes. In cancer, EMT is thought to drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent efforts to understand EMT biology have uncovered that cells undergoing EMT attain a spectrum of intermediate "hybrid E/M" states, which exist along an epithelial-mesenchymal continuum. Here, we summarize recent studies characterizing the epigenetic drivers of hybrid E/M states. We focus on the histone-modification writers, erasers, and readers that assist or oppose the canonical hybrid E/M transcription factors that modulate hybrid E/M state transitions. We also examine the role of chromatin remodelers and DNA methylation in hybrid E/M states. Finally, we highlight the challenges of targeting hybrid E/M pharmacologically, and we propose future directions that might reveal the specific and targetable mechanisms by which hybrid E/M drives metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly A Sample
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina F Nogueira
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Kim HY, Lee SW, Choi SK, Ashim J, Kim W, Beak SM, Park JK, Han JE, Cho GJ, Ryoo ZY, Jeong J, Lee YH, Jeong H, Yu W, Park S. Veratramine Inhibits the Cell Cycle Progression, Migration, and Invasion via ATM/ATR Pathway in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1309-1333. [PMID: 37385965 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men. Treatment of PC becomes difficult after progression because PC that used to be androgen-dependent becomes androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Veratramine, an alkaloid extracted from the root of the Veratrum genus, has recently been reported to have anticancer effects that work against various cancers; however, its anticancer effects and the underlying mechanism of action in PC remain unknown. We investigated the anticancer effects of veratramine on AIPC using PC3 and DU145 cell lines, as well as a xenograft mouse model. The antitumor effects of veratramine were evaluated using the CCK-8, anchorage-independent colony formation, trans-well, wound healing assays, and flow cytometry in AIPC cell lines. Microarray and proteomics analyses were performed to investigate the differentially expressed genes and proteins induced by veratramine in AIPC cells. A xenograft mouse model was used to confirm the therapeutic response and in vivo efficacy of veratramine. Veratramine dose dependently reduced the proliferation of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, veratramine treatment effectively suppressed the migration and invasion of PC cells. The immunoblot analysis revealed that veratramine significantly downregulated Cdk4/6 and cyclin D1 via the ATM/ATR and Akt pathways, both of which induce a DNA damage response that eventually leads to G1 phase arrest. In this study, we discovered that veratramine exerted antitumor effects on AIPC cells. We demonstrated that veratramine significantly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells via G0/G1 phase arrest induced by the ATM/ATR and Akt pathways. These results suggest that veratramine is a promising natural therapeutic agent for AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yeon Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Woo Lee
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Janbolat Ashim
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wansoo Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Beak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Jeong
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyohoon Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Yu
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee J, Hyun DH. The Interplay between Intracellular Iron Homeostasis and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040918. [PMID: 37107292 PMCID: PMC10135822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for life. Many enzymes require iron for appropriate function. However, dysregulation of intracellular iron homeostasis produces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction and causes devastating effects on cells, leading to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death. In order to protect against harmful effects, the intracellular system regulates cellular iron levels through iron regulatory mechanisms, including hepcidin-ferroportin, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-transferrin, and ferritin-nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). During iron deficiency, DMT1-transferrin and ferritin-NCOA4 systems increase intracellular iron levels via endosomes and ferritinophagy, respectively. In contrast, repleting extracellular iron promotes cellular iron absorption through the hepcidin-ferroportin axis. These processes are regulated by the iron-regulatory protein (IRP)/iron-responsive element (IRE) system and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Meanwhile, excessive ROS also promotes neuroinflammation by activating the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). NF-κB forms inflammasomes, inhibits silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), and induces pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). Furthermore, 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (4-HNE), the end-product of ferroptosis, promotes the inflammatory response by producing amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, and alpha-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease. This interplay shows that intracellular iron homeostasis is vital to maintain inflammatory homeostasis. Here, we review the role of iron homeostasis in inflammation based on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Hyun
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jiang Y, Luo Z, Gong Y, Fu Y, Luo Y. NAD + supplementation limits triple-negative breast cancer metastasis via SIRT1-P66Shc signaling. Oncogene 2023; 42:808-824. [PMID: 36690678 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ levels decline with age and in certain disease conditions. NAD+ precursors have been shown to stimulate NAD+ biosynthesis and ameliorate various age-associated diseases in mouse models. However, NAD+ metabolism is complicated in cancer and its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. Here, we show that NAD+ supplement suppresses tumor metastasis in a TNBC orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Sirtuin1 lysine deacetylase (SIRT1) is required for the effects since SIRT1 knockdown blocks NAD+-suppressed tumor metastasis. Overexpression of SIRT1 effectively impairs the metastatic potential of TNBC. Importantly, the interaction between SIRT1 and p66Shc causes the deacetylation and functional inactivation of p66Shc, which inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, we demonstrate that NAD+ supplementation executes its anti-tumor function via activating the SIRT1-p66Shc axis, which highlights the preventive and therapeutic potential of SIRT1 activators as effective interventions for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zongrui Luo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchao Gong
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. .,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. .,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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22
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Cellular Transcriptomics of Carboplatin Resistance in a Metastatic Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030558. [PMID: 36980828 PMCID: PMC10048144 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma prognosis has remained unchanged for the past three decades. In both humans and canines, treatment is limited to excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. Chemoresistance is the primary cause of treatment failure, and the trajectory of tumor evolution while under selective pressure from treatment is thought to be the major contributing factor in both species. We sought to understand the nature of platinum-based chemotherapy resistance by investigating cells that were subjected to repeated treatment and recovery cycles with increased carboplatin concentrations. Three HMPOS-derived cell lines, two resistant and one naïve, underwent single-cell RNA sequencing to examine transcriptomic perturbation and identify pathways leading to resistance and phenotypic changes. We identified the mechanisms of acquired chemoresistance and inferred the induced cellular trajectory that evolved with repeated exposure. The gene expression patterns indicated that acquired chemoresistance was strongly associated with a process similar to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenomenon associated with the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties associated with metastatic disease. We conclude that the observed trajectory of tumor adaptability is directly correlated with chemoresistance and the phase of the EMT-like phenotype is directly affected by the level of chemoresistance. We infer that the EMT-like phenotype is a critical component of tumor evolution under treatment pressure and is vital to understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance and to improving osteosarcoma prognosis.
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23
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Manzar N, Ganguly P, Khan UK, Ateeq B. Transcription networks rewire gene repertoire to coordinate cellular reprograming in prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:76-91. [PMID: 36702449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) represent the most commonly deregulated DNA-binding class of proteins associated with multiple human cancers. They can act as transcriptional activators or repressors that rewire the cistrome, resulting in cellular reprogramming during cancer progression. Deregulation of TFs is associated with the onset and maintenance of various cancer types including prostate cancer. An emerging subset of TFs has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the role of key TFs which modulate transcriptional cicuitries involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We further highlight the role of TFs associated with key cancer hallmarks, including, chromatin remodeling, genome instability, DNA repair, invasion, and metastasis. We also discuss the pluripotent function of TFs in conferring lineage plasticity, that aids in disease progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. At the end, we summarize the current understanding and approaches employed for the therapeutic targeting of TFs and their cofactors in the clinical setups to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Manzar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Promit Ganguly
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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24
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Saffar H, Nili F, Sarmadi S, Barazandeh E, Saffar H. Evaluation of Sirtuin1 Overexpression by Immunohistochemistry in Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:128-131. [PMID: 36730441 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common genital cancers in the woman with approximately half a million new cases per year. Development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the result of persistent and frequent human papilloma virus infection in premalignant lesions of cervix. Thereby identification of biomarkers that could predict progression of dysplastic mucosa to invasive cancer is of great clinical significance. Overexpression of SIRT1 has been reported to induce tumorogenesis in several organs. We evaluated SIRT1 expression in normal squamous epithelium of cervix, low-grade and high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions and invasive SCC. A total of 104 cases were selected including 34 low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CINs), 37 high-grade CINs, and 35 cases of invasive SCC. The normal cervical epithelium showed negative or weak SIRT1 positivity only in basal layers. SIRT1 cytoplasmic expression was found in 13 of 34 (38.2%) of low-grade CINs, 31 of 37 (83.8%) of high-grade CINs and all 35 (100%) cases of invasive SCC. Expression between 2 groups of CIN was statistically significant ( P =0.001). Thus, SIRT1 appears to be a promising biomarker for predicting the progression of CIN to invasive SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiva Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Yang Z, Huang R, Wang Y, Guan Q, Li D, Wu Y, Liao T, Wang Y, Xiang J. SIRT6 drives sensitivity to ferroptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer through NCOA4-dependent autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:464-474. [PMID: 36895980 PMCID: PMC9989618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin family has been reported to participate in the regulation of oxidative stress, cancer metabolism, aging, and so on. However, few studies have demonstrated its role in ferroptosis. Our previous studies confirmed that SIRT6 is upregulated in thyroid cancer and associated with cancer development by regulating glycolysis and autophagy. In this research, we aimed to elucidate the association between SIRT6 and ferroptosis. RSL3, erastin, ML210, and ML162 were applied to induce ferroptosis. Cell death and lipid peroxidation were measured by flow cytometry. We found that overexpression of SIRT6 significantly increased the sensitivity of cells to ferroptosis, whereas knockout of SIRT6 promoted resistance to ferroptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SIRT6 induced NCOA4-dependent autophagic degradation of ferritin, thus driving sensitivity to ferroptosis. The clinically used ferroptosis inducer sulfasalazine showed promising therapeutic effects on SIRT6-upregulated thyroid cancer cells in vivo. In conclusion, our research demonstrated SIRT6-driven sensitivity to ferroptosis via NCOA4-dependent autophagy and proposed ferroptosis inducers as promising therapeutic agents for anaplastic thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duanshu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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Saha S, Pradhan N, B N, Mahadevappa R, Minocha S, Kumar S. Cancer plasticity: Investigating the causes for this agility. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:138-156. [PMID: 36584960 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is not a hard-wired phenomenon but an evolutionary disease. From the onset of carcinogenesis, cancer cells continuously adapt and evolve to satiate their ever-growing proliferation demands. This results in the formation of multiple subtypes of cancer cells with different phenotypes, cellular compositions, and consequently displaying varying degrees of tumorigenic identity and function. This phenomenon is referred to as cancer plasticity, during which the cancer cells exist in a plethora of cellular states having distinct phenotypes. With the advent of modern technologies equipped with enhanced resolution and depth, for example, single-cell RNA-sequencing and advanced computational tools, unbiased cancer profiling at a single-cell resolution are leading the way in understanding cancer cell rewiring both spatially and temporally. In this review, the processes and mechanisms that give rise to cancer plasticity include both intrinsic genetic factors such as epigenetic changes, differential expression due to changes in DNA, RNA, or protein content within the cancer cell, as well as extrinsic environmental factors such as tissue perfusion, extracellular milieu are detailed and their influence on key cancer plasticity hallmarks such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell stemness (CSCs) are discussed. Due to therapy evasion and drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity caused by cancer plasticity has major therapeutic ramifications. Hence, it is crucial to comprehend all the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control cellular plasticity. How this process evades therapy, and the therapeutic avenue of targeting cancer plasticity must be diligently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhraneel Saha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nikita Pradhan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neha B
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 562163, India
| | - Shilpi Minocha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Saran Kumar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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27
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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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28
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Onyiba CI, Scarlett CJ, Weidenhofer J. The Mechanistic Roles of Sirtuins in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205118. [PMID: 36291902 PMCID: PMC9600935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are diverse reports of the dual role of sirtuin genes and proteins in breast and prostate cancers. This review discusses the current information on the tumor promotion or suppression roles of SIRT1–7 in breast and prostate cancers. Precisely, we highlight that sirtuins regulate various proteins implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, chemoresistance, invasion, migration, and metastasis of both breast and prostate cancer. We also provide evidence of the direct regulation of sirtuins by miRNAs, highlighting the consequences of this regulation in breast and prostate cancer. Overall, this review reveals the potential value of sirtuins as biomarkers and/or targets for improved treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Abstract Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1–7) are involved in a myriad of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, aging, DNA repair, senescence, viability, survival, and stress response. In this review, we discuss the current information on the mechanistic roles of SIRT1–7 and their downstream effects (tumor promotion or suppression) in cancers of the breast and prostate. Specifically, we highlight the involvement of sirtuins in the regulation of various proteins implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, chemoresistance, invasion, migration, and metastasis of breast and prostate cancer. Additionally, we highlight the available information regarding SIRT1–7 regulation by miRNAs, laying much emphasis on the consequences in the progression of breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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29
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Hasmim M, Xiao M, Van Moer K, Kumar A, Oniga A, Mittelbronn M, Duhem C, Chammout A, Berchem G, Thiery JP, Volpert M, Hollier B, Noman MZ, Janji B. SNAI1-dependent upregulation of CD73 increases extracellular adenosine release to mediate immune suppression in TNBC. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982821. [PMID: 36159844 PMCID: PMC9501677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC) is hallmarked by frequent disease relapse and shows highest mortality rate. Although PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockades have recently shown promising clinical benefits, the overall response rate remains largely insufficient. Hence, alternative therapeutic approaches are warranted. Given the immunosuppressive properties of CD73-mediated adenosine release, CD73 blocking approaches are emerging as attractive strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the precise mechanism regulating the expression of CD73 is required to develop effective anti-CD73-based therapy. Our previous observations demonstrate that the transcription factors driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT-TF) can regulate the expression of several inhibitory immune checkpoints. Here we analyzed the role of the EMT-TF SNAI1 in the regulation of CD73 in TNBC cells. We found that doxycycline-driven SNAI1 expression in the epithelial -like TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 results in CD73 upregulation by direct binding to the CD73 proximal promoter. SNAI1-dependent upregulation of CD73 leads to increased production and release of extracellular adenosine by TNBC cells and contributes to the enhancement of TNBC immunosuppressive properties. Our data are validated in TNBC samples by showing a positive correlation between the mRNA expression of CD73 and SNAI1. Overall, our results reveal a new CD73 regulation mechanism in TNBC that participates in TNBC-mediated immunosuppression and paves the way for developing new treatment opportunities for CD73-positive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Hasmim
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Malina Xiao
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kris Van Moer
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Akinchan Kumar
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandra Oniga
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Caroline Duhem
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anwar Chammout
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
- Department of Oncology, Aleppo Hospital University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Guy Berchem
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Marianna Volpert
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Bassam Janji,
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30
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German B, Ellis L. Polycomb Directed Cell Fate Decisions in Development and Cancer. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:28. [PMID: 36135315 PMCID: PMC9497807 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of transcription regulators highly conserved throughout evolution. Their principal role is to epigenetically modify chromatin landscapes and control the expression of master transcriptional programs to determine cellular identity. The two mayor PcG protein complexes that have been identified in mammals to date are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). These protein complexes selectively repress gene expression via the induction of covalent post-translational histone modifications, promoting chromatin structure stabilization. PRC2 catalyzes the histone H3 methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3), inducing heterochromatin structures. This activity is controlled by the formation of a multi-subunit complex, which includes enhancer of zeste (EZH2), embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED), and suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12). This review will summarize the latest insights into how PRC2 in mammalian cells regulates transcription to orchestrate the temporal and tissue-specific expression of genes to determine cell identity and cell-fate decisions. We will specifically describe how PRC2 dysregulation in different cell types can promote phenotypic plasticity and/or non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, inducing the development of highly aggressive epithelial neuroendocrine carcinomas, including prostate, small cell lung, and Merkel cell cancer. With this, EZH2 has emerged as an important actionable therapeutic target in such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz German
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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31
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Wang M, Wu Y, He Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Huang J, Qi G, Li P. SIRT1 upregulation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing senescence escape in endometriosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12302. [PMID: 35853978 PMCID: PMC9296487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial epithelial cells carry distinct cancer-associated alterations that may be more susceptible to endometriosis. Mouse models have shown that overexpression of SIRT1 associated with oncogene activation contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, but the underlying reason remains elusive. Here, we used integrated systems biology analysis and found that enrichment of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in endometriosis and their cellular abundance correlated negatively with epithelial cells in clinical specimens. Furthermore, endometrial epithelial cells were characterized by significant overexpression of SIRT1, which is involved in triggering the EMT switch by escaping damage or oncogene-induced induced senescence in clinical specimens and in vitro human cell line models. This observation supports that genetic and epigenetic incident favors endometrial epithelia cells escape from senescence and fuel EMT process in endometriosis, what could be overcome by downregulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yunbiao He
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingxing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jieqiong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guolong Qi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Sirtuins and Hypoxia in EMT Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060737. [PMID: 35745656 PMCID: PMC9228842 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process during embryogenesis, can become pathological in the presence of different driving forces. Reduced oxygen tension or hypoxia is one of these forces, triggering a large number of molecular pathways with aberrant EMT induction, resulting in cancer and fibrosis onset. Both hypoxia-induced factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, act as master transcription factors implicated in EMT. On the other hand, hypoxia-dependent HIF-independent EMT has also been described. Recently, a new class of seven proteins with deacylase activity, called sirtuins, have been implicated in the control of both hypoxia responses, HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation, as well as EMT induction. Intriguingly, different sirtuins have different effects on hypoxia and EMT, acting as either activators or inhibitors, depending on the tissue and cell type. Interestingly, sirtuins and HIF can be activated or inhibited with natural or synthetic molecules. Moreover, recent studies have shown that these natural or synthetic molecules can be better conveyed using nanoparticles, representing a valid strategy for EMT modulation. The following review, by detailing the aspects listed above, summarizes the interplay between hypoxia, sirtuins, and EMT, as well as the possible strategies to modulate them by using a nanoparticle-based approach.
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PGC1 alpha coactivates ERG fusion to drive antioxidant target genes under metabolic stress. Commun Biol 2022; 5:416. [PMID: 35508713 PMCID: PMC9068611 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of ERG gene fusion; from developing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions to hormone resistant high grade prostate cancer (PCa) dictates disease progression, altered androgen metabolism, proliferation and metastasis1–3. ERG driven transcriptional landscape may provide pro-tumorigenic cues in overcoming various strains like hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, insights on the androgen independent regulation and function of ERG during stress are limited. Here, we identify PGC1α as a coactivator of ERG fusion under various metabolic stress. Deacetylase SIRT1 is necessary for PGC1α-ERG interaction and function. We reveal that ERG drives the expression of antioxidant genes; SOD1 and TXN, benefitting PCa growth. We observe increased expression of these antioxidant genes in patients with high ERG expression correlates with poor survival. Inhibition of PGC1α-ERG axis driven transcriptional program results in apoptosis and reduction in PCa xenografts. Here we report a function of ERG under metabolic stress which warrants further studies as a therapeutic target for ERG fusion positive PCa. PGC1α acts as a co-activator of the ERG transcription factor during metabolic stress resulting in antioxidant functionsand inhibition of the PGC1α-ERG driven transcriptional program reduces prostate cancer growth by inducing ROS mediated apoptosis.
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Huang SB, Rivas P, Yang X, Lai Z, Chen Y, Schadler KL, Hu M, Reddick RL, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. SIRT1 inhibition-induced senescence as a strategy to prevent prostate cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:702-716. [PMID: 35452563 PMCID: PMC10161240 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an important role for SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase in cancer development, progression and therapeutic resistance; making it a viable therapeutic target. Here, we examined the impact of resveratrol-mediated pharmacological activation of SIRT1 on the progression of HGPIN lesions (using the Pten-/- mouse model) and on prostate tumor development (using an orthotopic model of prostate cancer cells stably silenced for SIRT1). We show that precise SIRT1 modulation could benefit both cancer prevention and treatment. Positive effect of SIRT1 activation can prevent Pten deletion-driven development of HGPIN lesions in mice if resveratrol is administered early (pre-cancer stage) with little to no benefit after the establishment of HGPIN lesions or tumor cell implantation. Mechanistically, our results show that under androgen deprivation conditions, SIRT1 inhibition induces senescence as evidenced by decreased gene signature associated with negative regulators of senescence and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 potentiated growth inhibitory effects of clinical androgen receptor blockade agents and radiation. Taken together, our findings provide an explanation for the discrepancy regarding the role of SIRT1 in prostate tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that the bifurcated roles for SIRT1 may occur in stage and context-dependent fashion by functioning in an antitumor role in prevention of early-stage prostate lesion development while promoting tumor development and disease progression post-lesion development. Clinically, these data highlight the importance of precise SIRT1 modulation to provide benefits for cancer prevention and treatment including sensitization to conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Bo Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Rivas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health at San Antonio Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health at San Antonio Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Keri L Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Human Cancers: Recent Updates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082568. [PMID: 35458763 PMCID: PMC9027183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex pathology that causes a large number of deaths worldwide. Several risk factors are involved in tumor transformation, including epigenetic factors. These factors are a set of changes that do not affect the DNA sequence, while modifying the gene’s expression. Histone modification is an essential mark in maintaining cellular memory and, therefore, loss of this mark can lead to tumor transformation. As these epigenetic changes are reversible, the use of molecules that can restore the functions of the enzymes responsible for the changes is therapeutically necessary. Natural molecules, mainly those isolated from medicinal plants, have demonstrated significant inhibitory properties against enzymes related to histone modifications, particularly histone deacetylases (HDACs). Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids exert significant inhibitory effects against HDAC and exhibit promising epi-drug properties. This suggests that epi-drugs against HDAC could prevent and treat various human cancers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic action of different natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants against the enzymatic activity of HDAC.
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36
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Otsuka R, Hayano K, Matsubara H. Role of sirtuins in esophageal cancer: Current status and future prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:794-807. [PMID: 35582109 PMCID: PMC9048530 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant cancer that still has a poor prognosis, although its prognosis has been improving with the development of multidisciplinary treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, identifying specific molecular markers that can be served as biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment response of EC is highly desirable to aid in the personalization and improvement of the precision of medical treatment. Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent proteins consisting of seven members (SIRT1-7). These proteins have been reported to be involved in the regulation of a variety of biological functions including apoptosis, metabolism, stress response, senescence, differentiation and cell cycle progression. Given the variety of functions of sirtuins, they are speculated to be associated in some manner with cancer progression. However, while the role of sirtuins in cancer progression has been investigated over the past few years, their precise role remains difficult to characterize, as they have both cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing properties, depending on the type of cancer. These conflicting characteristics make research into the nature of sirtuins all the more fascinating. However, the role of sirtuins in EC remains unclear due to the limited number of reports concerning sirtuins in EC. We herein review the current findings and future prospects of sirtuins in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Otsuka
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichi Hayano
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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37
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Wang H, Yang L, Liu M, Luo J. Protein post-translational modifications in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:529-547. [PMID: 35393571 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes. Although the classical PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation, have been well studied, the emergence of many new modifications, such as succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, introduces a new layer to protein regulation, leaving much more to be explored and wide application prospects. In this review, we will provide a broad overview of the significant roles of PTMs in regulating human cancer hallmarks through selecting a diverse set of examples, and update the current advances in the therapeutic implications of these PTMs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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38
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Enhanced autophagy promotes radiosensitivity by mediating Sirt1 downregulation in RM-1 prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:84-92. [PMID: 35421633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a double-edged sword that affects tumor progression by promoting cell survival or death depending on different living contexts. The concrete mechanism by which autophagy modulates the efficacy of radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear. We exposed RM-1 PC cells to X-ray and explored the role of autophagy in radiation injury. Our results showed increased apoptosis and autophagy levels in RM-1 cells after radiation. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine significantly mitigated radiation-induced apoptosis, while the enhancement of autophagy by rapamycin aggravated apoptosis. Sirt1, a member of sirtuin family, deacetylates various transcription factors to trigger cell survival in response to radiation injury. We found that radiation led to Sirt1 downregulation, which was reversed by the inhibition of autophagy. On the contrary, enhanced autophagy further diminished protein level of Sirt1. Notably, overexpression of Sirt1 by plasmid significantly alleviated radiation-induced apoptosis, but silenced Sirt1 by siRNA further induced apoptosis, indicating the radioprotective effect of Sirt1 on RM-1 cells. In summary, our findings suggested that autophagy-mediated Sirt1 downregulation might be a promising therapeutic target for PC.
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miRNA-guided reprogramming of glucose and glutamine metabolism and its impact on cell adhesion/migration during solid tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:216. [PMID: 35348905 PMCID: PMC8964646 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally, and are highly involved in cancer progression. They are able to impact a variety of cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation and can consequently control tumor initiation, tumor progression and metastasis formation. miRNAs can regulate, at the same time, metabolic gene expression which, in turn, influences relevant traits of malignancy such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Since the interaction between metabolism and adhesion or cell movement has not, to date, been well understood, in this review, we will specifically focus on miRNA alterations that can interfere with some metabolic processes leading to the modulation of cancer cell movement. In addition, we will analyze the signaling pathways connecting metabolism and adhesion/migration, alterations that often affect cancer cell dissemination and metastasis formation.
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Otsuka R, Sakata H, Murakami K, Kano M, Endo S, Toyozumi T, Matsumoto Y, Suito H, Takahashi M, Sekino N, Hirasawa S, Kinoshita K, Sasaki T, Matsubara H. SIRT1 Expression Is a Promising Prognostic Biomarker in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:126-133. [PMID: 35399170 PMCID: PMC8962800 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Several articles have assessed the prognostic significance of the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, evidence in this field is insufficient. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic and clinical impact of SIRT1 expression in ESCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for articles on the expression of SIRT1 and clinicopathological features in patients with ESCC. A meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Four studies with 429 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between the high expression of SIRT1 and higher T-stage (odds ratio=2.39. 95% confidence interval=1.12-5.13, p=0.02), more advanced TNM stage (odds ratio=2.35. 95% confidence interval=1.20-4.60, p=0.01), and a poor overall survival (hazard ratio=1.90, 95% confidence interval=1.45-2.47, p<0.00001). CONCLUSION SIRT1 expression may be a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Otsuka
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sakata
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kano
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyozumi
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsumoto
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suito
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahashi
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Sekino
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Hirasawa
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuma Sasaki
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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41
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Hamidi AA, Khalili-Tanha G, Nasrpour Navaei Z, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of epithelial mesenchymal transition in colorectal tumor cells: an overview. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35144601 PMCID: PMC8832734 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality and a major health challenge worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic and diagnostic methods, there is still a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of high mortality rate in these patients, which are due to late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be the most important cause of CRC metastasis, during which tumor cells obtain metastasis ability by losing epithelial features and gaining mesenchymal features. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators of EMT process. Regarding the higher stability of lncRNAs compared with coding RNAs in body fluids, they can be used as non-invasive diagnostic markers for EMT process. In the present review, we summarized all of the lncRNAs involved in regulation of EMT process during CRC progression and metastasis. It was observed that lncRNAs mainly induced the EMT process in CRC cells by regulation of EMT-related transcription factors, Poly comb repressive complex (PRC), and also signaling pathways such as WNT, NOTCH, MAPK, and Hippo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasrpour Navaei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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42
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Xiang XS, Li PC, Wang WQ, Liu L. Histone deacetylases: A novel class of therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188676. [PMID: 35016922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a low 5-year survival rate. Novel agents are urgently necessary to treat the main pathological type, known as pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been identified in association with PDAC, which can be more easily targeted by small molecular inhibitors than gene mutations and may represent a therapeutic breakthrough for PDAC. However, the contributions of HDACs to PDAC remain controversial, and pharmacokinetic challenges have limited the application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in PDAC. This review summarizes the mechanisms associated with success and failure of HDACis in PDAC and discusses the recent progress made in HDACi development and application, such as combination therapies designed to enhance efficacy. More precise strategies involving HDACis might eventually improve the outcomes of PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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43
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Hamidi AA, Zangoue M, Kashani D, Zangouei AS, Rahimi HR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-217: a therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:61-76. [PMID: 34883033 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2017284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer as one of the most common causes of death has always been one of the major health challenges globally. Since, the identification of tumors in the early tumor stages can significantly reduce mortality rates; it is required to introduce novel early detection tumor markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tumor progression. Moreover, due to the higher stability of miRNAs than mRNAs in body fluids, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic markers in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED In the present review we have summarized the role of miR-217 during tumor progressions. The miR-217 functions were categorized based on its target molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. EXPERT OPINION It was observed that miR-217 mainly exerts its function by regulation of the transcription factors during tumor progressions. The WNT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were also important molecular targets of miR-217 in different cancers. The present review clarifies the molecular biology of miR-217 and paves the way of introducing miR-217 as a non-invasive diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Zangoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Daniel Kashani
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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SIRT1 Contributes as an Invasiveness Marker in Pituitary Adenoma. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121638. [PMID: 34942940 PMCID: PMC8699307 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to find the association between SIRT1 concentration, SIRT1 rs3758391, rs3818292, rs7895833 polymorphisms and clinical manifestations of pituitary adenoma (PA). The study included 108 patients with PA and 216 healthy individuals. Using commercial kits, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. To determine the PA and control group subjects genotypes was used real-time PCR method, for SIRT concentration measurement we used ELISA method. The statistical data analysis was completed using the “BM SPSS Statistics 20.0” software. Results: We performed statistical analysis of SNPs in the patient and healthy controls and patients’ subgroups and found statistically significant differences in rs7895833 genotype (A/A, A/G, G/G) distributions between the active PA and control groups (67.9%, 24.6%, 5.7% vs. 72.2%, 27.3%, 0.5%; p = 0.02) Also, the results showed that the rs7895833 G/G genotype is associated with about 13-fold increased odds of active PA development compared to the A/A (OR = 13.95% CI: 1.314–128.632; p = 0.028) and both A/A and A/G genotypes (OR = 12.9; 95% CI: 1.314–126.624; p = 0.028). There is ample evidence that SIRT1 in the pituitary and other target organs modifies the synthesis, secretion, and activity of hormones to trigger adaptive responses, thus we decided to include this in our study. When determining the serum concentration of SIRT1, we did not find a statistically significant difference between the PA group and the control group. SIRT1 serum level was statistically significantly higher in women with PA than in healthy control women (1.115 (3.748) vs. 136 (0.211); p = 0.008). To conclude—SIRT1 rs7895833 G/G genotype is associated with about 13-fold increased odds of active PA development compared to the A/A and both A/A and A/G genotypes. SIRT1 serum levels are higher in women with PA than in healthy women.
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45
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Wang Y, Wang J, Liu C, Li M. Silent Information Regulator 1 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells and Is Upregulated by Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Oncoprotein. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021; 87:22-29. [PMID: 34808628 DOI: 10.1159/000520642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent III class histone deacetylase, plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, metabolism, and stress responses. Nevertheless, the role of SIRT1 in tumorigenesis remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, we measured expression levels of SIRT1 and HPV16 E7 protein in cervical cancer (CC) tissue and calculated their correlations. We measured the effect of silencing SIRT1 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in human CC SiHa cells. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the expression of SIRT1 was upregulated with progression from CIN II-III to CC, but was not expressed in normal cervical tissues and CIN I. There was a positive correlation between SIRT1 expression and HPV16 E7 expression in CC tissues, and silencing of HPV16 E7 downregulated the expression of SIRT1. Depletion of SIRT1 downregulated SIRT1 expression, and inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of SiHa cells, inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data suggest that SIRT1 promotes CC carcinogenesis. SIRT1 inhibition is a potential treatment strategy for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China,
| | - Jing Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Qingdao Research and Development Center of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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46
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Yousafzai NA, Jin H, Ullah M, Wang X. Recent advances of SIRT1 and implications in chemotherapeutics resistance in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5233-5248. [PMID: 34873458 PMCID: PMC8640807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a big group of diseases and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite enormous studies and efforts are being carried out in understanding the cancer and developing drugs against tumorigenesis, drug resistance is the main obstacle in cancer treatments. Chemotherapeutic treatment is an important part of cancer treatment and drug resistance is getting gradually multidimensional with the advancement of studies in cancer. The underlying mechanisms of drug resistance are largely unknown. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a type of the Class III histone deacetylase family that is distinctively dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for catalysis reaction. SIRT1 is a molecule which upon upregulation directly influences tumor progression, metastasis, tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, as well as other interlinked tumorigenesis mechanism. It is involved in drug metabolism, apoptosis, DNA damage, DNA repair, and autophagy, which are key hallmarks of drug resistance and may contribute to multidrug resistance. Thus, understanding the role of SIRT1 in drug resistance could be important. This study focuses on the SIRT1 based mechanisms that might be a potential underlying approach in the development of cancer drug resistance and could be a potential target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Aziz Yousafzai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch RawalakotAJK 12350, Pakistan
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford UniversityPalo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
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47
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230017. [PMID: 34708244 PMCID: PMC8703024 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition or EMT is an extremely dynamic process involved in conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, stimulated by an ensemble of signaling pathways, leading to change in cellular morphology, suppression of epithelial characters and acquisition of properties such as enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, reduced cell death by apoptosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs etc. Significantly, EMT has been found to play a crucial role during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and would healing, as well as during cancer metastasis. Over the years, work from various laboratories have identified a rather large number of transcription factors (TFs) including the master regulators of EMT, with the ability to regulate the EMT process directly. In this review, we put together these EMT TFs and discussed their role in the process. We have also tried to focus on their mechanism of action, their interdependency, and the large regulatory network they form. Subsequently, it has become clear that the composition and structure of the transcriptional regulatory network behind EMT probably varies based upon various physiological and pathological contexts, or even in a cell/tissue type-dependent manner.
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48
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Xu J, Wang X, Wang W, Zhang L, Huang P. Candidate oncogene circularNOP10 mediates gastric cancer progression by regulating miR-204/SIRT1 pathway. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1428-1443. [PMID: 34532100 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of circular RNA (circRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) is attracting increasing attention. CircNOP10 (hsa_circ-0034351) has been reported to be upregulated in human GC tissue. However, the biological role and mechanism of circNOP10 in GC remain unknown. Methods Circular RNA expression profile of GC was detected based on microarray, and circNOP10 was identified for the subsequent investigation. Clinical samples of GC tissue and patient blood were obtained from the Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University. The different degraded GC cell lines were presented in our laboratory. The function and mechanism of circNOP10 in GC were investigated using Western blot, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, in situ hybridization and pull down experiment. Results The results indicated that increased circNOP10 in GC tissue was involved in tumor stage and prognosis. In addition, circNOP10 sponged microRNA-24 (miR-204)-mediated biological processes through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which further confirmed that the circNOP10/miR-204/SIRT1 pathway promoted proliferation and migration as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the NF-κβ pathway in GC cell lines. Conclusions Candidate oncogene circNOP10 mediated GC cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase, induced cell apoptosis, enhanced tumor metastasis, as well as EMT by activating the miR-204/SIRT1 pathway, suggesting that it may serve as a potential biomarker in GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Obstet & Gynaecol, Subei Peoples Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peilin Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Qin T, Zhao J, Liu X, Li L, Zhang X, Shi X, Ke Y, Liu W, Huo J, Dong Y, Shen Y, Li Y, He M, Han S, Li L, Pan C, Wang C. Luteolin combined with low-dose paclitaxel synergistically inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induces cell apoptosis on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6228-6240. [PMID: 34494324 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although paclitaxel is a promising frontline chemotherapy agent for various malignancies, the clinical applications have been restricted by side effects, drug resistance, and cancer metastasis. The combination of paclitaxel and other agents could be the promising strategies against malignant tumor, which enhances the antitumor effect through synergistic effects, reduces required drug concentrations, and also suppresses tumorigenesis in multiple ways. In this study, we found that luteolin, a natural flavonoid compound, combined with low-dose paclitaxel synergistically regulated the proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells in vitro, as well as synergistically inhibited tumor growth without obvious toxicity in vivo. The molecular mechanism of inhibiting cell migration and EMT processes may be related to the inhibition of SIRT1, and the mechanism of apoptosis induction is associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway-mediated activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leilei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengxue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
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50
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Zhang J, Peng J, Kong D, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu J, Yu W, Wu H, Long Z, Zhang W, Liu R, Hai C. Silent information regulator 1 suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells via its regulation of mitochondria status. Life Sci 2021; 280:119716. [PMID: 34119539 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent protein-modifying enzyme involved in regulating gene expression, DNA damage repair, cell metabolism, and mitochondrial functions. Given that it acts as both a tumor promoter and suppressor, the complex mechanisms underlying SIRT1 signaling in cancer remain controversial. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the progression of carcinogenesis and tumors metastasis. Studies have shown that mitochondrial defects are critical in EMT process, and SIRT1 is found to regulate the generation and energy metabolism of mitochondria. Here, we elucidate a novel mechanism by which SIRT1 affects EMT in lung cancer cells via its regulation on mitochondria. MAIN METHODS SIRT1 signaling was detected in TGF-β1-induced EMT and was found to regulate mitochondria status, including mitochondrial biogenesis-related protein levels as detected by western blotting, mitochondrial structure observed by transmission electron microscopy, and respiratory functions analyzed by a respiration capacity assay. The effects of modulating SIRT1 expression on EMT and migration of lung cancer cells or normal cells were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo models. KEY FINDINGS We found that the regulation of SIRT1 signaling on the biogenesis or functions of mitochondria was critical to EMT. Overexpression of SIRT1 reduced EMT or metastasis potential of lung cancer cells by improving the quantity and quality of mitochondria, whereas silencing SIRT1 promote EMT in cancer cells, even in normal cells by disturbing mitochondria status. SIGNIFICANCE Consequently, SIRT1 is an attractive therapeutic target for reversing EMT or tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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