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Yu H, Du X, Chen X, Liu L, Wang X. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β): A master signal pathway in teleost sex determination. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 355:114561. [PMID: 38821217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Sex determination and differentiation in fish has always been a hot topic in genetic breeding of aquatic animals. With the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) in recent years, sex chromosomes and sex determining genes can be efficiently identified in teleosts. To date, master sex determination genes have been elucidated in 114 species, of which 72 species have sex determination genes belonging to TGF-β superfamily. TGF-β is the only signaling pathway that the largest proportion of components, which including ligands (amhy, gsdfy, gdf6), receptors (amhr, bmpr), and regulator (id2bby), have opportunity recognized as a sex determination gene. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about teleost sex-determination genes within TGF-β superfamily and propose several hypotheses on how these genes regulate sex determination process. Differing from other reviews, our review specifically devotes significant attention to all members of the TGF-β signal pathway, not solely the sex determination genes within the TGF-β superfamily. However, the functions of the paralogous genes of TGF superfamily are still needed ongoing research. Further studies are required to more accurately interpret the molecular mechanism of TGF-β superfamily sex determination genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Longxue Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Khan A, Zhang Y, Ma N, Shi J, Hou Y. NF-κB role on tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and immune escape. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00811-6. [PMID: 39033218 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a key factor in promoting inflammation, which can lead to the development of cancer in a long-lasting inflammatory environment. The activation of NF-κB is essential in the initial phases of tumor development and progression, occurring in both pre-malignant cells and cells in the microenvironment such as phagocytes, T cells, and B cells. In addition to stimulating angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting the growth of tumor cells, NF-κB activation also causes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor immune evasion. Therapeutic strategies that focus on immune checkpoint molecules have revolutionized cancer treatment by enabling the immune system to activate immunological responses against tumor cells. This review focused on understanding the NF-κB signaling pathway in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasyab Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ningna Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China.
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Sabra RT, Bekhit AA, Sabra NT, Abd El-Moeze NA, Fathy M. Nebivolol ameliorates sepsis-evoked kidney dysfunction by targeting oxidative stress and TGF-β/Smad/p53 pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14735. [PMID: 38926458 PMCID: PMC11208533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potential fetal organ destruction brought on through an overzealous immunologic reaction to infection, causing severe inflammation, septic shock, and damage to different organs. Although there has been progress in the identification and controlling of clinical sepsis, the fatality rates are still significant. This study, for the first time, intended to examine the possible ameliorative impact of Nebivolol, a β1-adrenergic antagonist antihypertensive drug, against nephrotoxicity resulted from cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats, on molecular basis. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were chosen. Oxidative stress indicators and biochemical markers of kidney activity were evaluated. Inflammatory mediators, fibrosis- and apoptosis-related proteins and gene expressions were investigated. Moreover, renal histopathological investigation was performed. CLP-induced nephrotoxicity characterized by markedly elevated serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and renal malondialdhyde. On the other hand, it decreased serum total protein level, renal superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione level. Additionally, it significantly elevated the renal inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ilnerlukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) and Caspase-3 protein, reduced IL-10 level, amplified the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), p-Smad2/3 and alpha-smooth-muscle actin proteins, downregulated the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene and elevated the transcription of Bcl-2-associated X-protein (Bax), p53 and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) genes. Furtheremor, kidney tissues exhibited significant histopathological changes with CLP. On the contrary, Nebivolol significantly improved all these biochemical changes and enhanced the histopathological alterations obtained by CLP. This research showed, for the first time, that Nebivolol effectively mitigated the CLP-induced kidney dysfunction via its antioxidant, antifibrotic and anti-apoptotic activity through modulation of oxidative stress, TGF-β/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad/p53 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Tharwat Sabra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Nourhan Tharwat Sabra
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
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Chuang TD, Ton N, Rysling S, Khorram O. In Vivo Effects of Bay 11-7082 on Fibroid Growth and Gene Expression: A Preclinical Study. Cells 2024; 13:1091. [PMID: 38994944 PMCID: PMC11240737 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Current medical therapies for fibroids have major limitations due to their hypoestrogenic side effects. Based on our previous work showing the activation of NF-kB in fibroids, we hypothesized that inhibiting NF-kB in vivo would result in the shrinkage of tumors and reduced inflammation. Fibroid xenografts were implanted in SCID mice and treated daily with Bay 11-7082 (Bay) or vehicle for two months. Bay treatment led to a 50% reduction in tumor weight. RNAseq revealed decreased expression of genes related to cell proliferation, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and growth factor expression. Validation through qRT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed these findings. Bay treatment reduced mRNA expression of cell cycle regulators (CCND1, E2F1, and CKS2), inflammatory markers (SPARC, TDO2, MYD88, TLR3, TLR6, IL6, TNFα, TNFRSF11A, and IL1β), ECM remodelers (COL3A1, FN1, LOX, and TGFβ3), growth factors (PRL, PDGFA, and VEGFC), progesterone receptor, and miR-29c and miR-200c. Collagen levels were reduced in Bay-treated xenografts. Western blotting and IHC showed decreased protein abundance in certain ECM components and inflammatory markers, but not cleaved caspase three. Ki67, CCND1, and E2F1 expression decreased with Bay treatment. This preclinical study suggests NF-kB inhibition as an effective fibroid treatment, suppressing genes involved in proliferation, inflammation, and ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Nhu Ton
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shawn Rysling
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Omid Khorram
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Baky NAA, Fouad LM, Ahmed KA, Alzokaky AA. Mechanistic insight into the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract and telmisartan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis: plausible roles of TGF-β1/SMAD3/SMAD7 and HDAC2/NF-κB/PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38835191 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options for liver fibrosis necessitates more medical attention. Our study aims to investigate the potential molecular targets by which Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (Mor) and/or telmisartan (Telm) alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 hours, for 8 weeks. Intoxicated rats with CCl4 were simultaneously orally administrated Mor (400 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) and/or Telm (10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks). Treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to CCl4 intoxicated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, Mor/Telm treatment significantly reduced the level of hepatic inflammatory, profibrotic, and apoptotic markers including; nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-βeta1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm downregulated m-RNA expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (71.8%), and reduced protein expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3) (70.6%) compared to untreated animals. Mor/Telm regimen also elevated p-SMAD7 protein expression as well as m-RNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (3.6 and 3.1 fold, respectively p < 0.05) compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. Histopathological picture of the liver tissue intoxicated with CCl4 revealed marked improvement by Mor/Telm co-treatment. Conclusively, this study substantiated the hepatoprotective effect of Mor/Telm regimen against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1/SMAD3, and HDAC2/NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of SMAD7 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Ali SI, Elkhalifa AME, Nabi SU, Hayyat FS, Nazar M, Taifa S, Rakhshan R, Shah IH, Shaheen M, Wani IA, Muzaffer U, Shah OS, Makhdoomi DM, Ahmed EM, Khalil KAA, Bazie EA, Zawbaee KI, Al Hasan Ali MM, Alanazi RJ, Al Bataj IA, Al Gahtani SM, Salwi AJ, Alrodan LS. Aged garlic extract preserves beta-cell functioning via modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)/Ca 2+ in diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:110. [PMID: 38778421 PMCID: PMC11110209 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral insulin resistance and compromised insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are significant factors and pathogenic hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM). NF-κβ/TLR-4 and SERCA/Ca2+ pathways have been identified as potential pathways regulating insulin synthesis by preserving pancreatic β-cell functioning. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) against DM in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model with particular emphasis on pancreatic β-cell functioning. METHODS AGE was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate its physio-chemical characteristics followed by in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential. This was followed by the induction of DM in laboratory animals for investigating the therapeutic action of AGE by evaluating the role of NF-κβ/TLR-4 and the SERCA/Ca2+ pathway. The parameters assessed in the present experimental setup encompassed antioxidant parameters, metabolic indicators, insulin concentration, intracellular calcium levels, apoptotic markers (CCK-8 and Caspase Glo-8), and protein expression (P-62 and APACHE-II). RESULTS AGE characterization by SEM, GC-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of phenylalanine, alliin, S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), tryptophan, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid as major bioactive constituents of AGE. Metabolic studies, including intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), revealed significantly lower blood glucose levels in the AGE group compared to the disease control group. In contrast, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT) exhibited no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the AGE supplementation group and the DM control group. Interestingly, AGE was found to have no significant effect on fasting glucose and serum insulin levels. In contrast, AGE supplementation was found to cause significant hypoglycaemia in postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels. Importantly, AGE causes restoration of intracellular Ca2+ levels by modulation of SERCA/Ca2 functioning and inhibition NF-κB/TLR-4 pathway. AGE was found to interact with and inhibit the DR-5/ caspase-8/3 apoptotic complex. Furthermore, microscopic studies revealed degeneration and apoptotic changes in pancreatic β-cells of the DM control group, while supplementation of AGE resulted in inhibition of apoptotic pathway and regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that AGE enhance glucose homeostasis by exerting their effects on pancreatic β-cells, without ameliorating peripheral sensitivity. Moreover, AGEs promote an increase in β-cell mass by mitigating the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. These findings suggest that AGE could aid in developing a viable alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ahmed M E Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, 11673, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan.
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | | | - Mehak Nazar
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Iqra Hussain Shah
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Muzaffer Shaheen
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190002, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ovais Shabir Shah
- Department of Sheep Husbandry, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Directorate of Extension, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Elsadig Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil A A Khalil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsharif A Bazie
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Zawbaee
- Department of Blood Bank, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Al-Ghad International College for Applied Sciences, 155166, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Mohamed Al Hasan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Rakan J Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, 50927, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Musfar Al Gahtani
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Jubran Salwi
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Saeed Alrodan
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Letafati A, Bahavar A, Tabarraei A, Norouzi M, Amiri A, Mozhgani SH. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) grip on T-cells: investigating the viral tapestry of activation. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38734673 PMCID: PMC11088018 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) belongs to retroviridae which is connected to two major diseases, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). This study aims to investigate the mRNA expressions of key proteins correlated to T-cell activation in asymptomatic carriers (ACs) HTLV-1 infected patients, shedding light on early molecular events and T-cell activation following HTLV-1 infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 40 participants, including 20 ACs and 20 healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected, ELISA assessment for screening and confirmation with PCR for Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein (Tax) and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) of the HTLV-1 were done. mRNA expressions of C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK3β), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 (MAP3K14 or NIK), Phospholipase C Gamma-1 (PLCG1), Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase non-Receptor Type 6 (PTPN6) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase-7 (SLP-76) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase14 (MAP3K7 or TAK1) were assayed using RT-qPCR. Statistical analyses were performed using PRISM and SPSS software. RESULTS While there were no significant upregulation in CSK and PTPN6 in ACs compared to healthy individuals, expression levels of GSK3β, MAP3K14, PLCG1, SLP-76, and TAK1 were significantly higher in ACs compared to healthy subjects which directly contributes to T-cell activation in the HTLV-1 ACs. CONCLUSION HTLV-1 infection induces differential mRNA expressions in key proteins associated with T-cell activation. mRNAs related to T-cell activation showed significant upregulation compared to PTPN6 and CSK which contributed to T-cell regulation. Understanding these early molecular events in ACs may provide potential markers for disease progression and identify therapeutic targets for controlling viral replication and mitigating associated diseases. The study contributes novel insights to the limited literature on T-cell activation and HTLV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Bahavar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Amiri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Zhang J, Wang W, Cui X, Zhu P, Li S, Yuan S, Peng D, Peng C. Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts ameliorate hepatic fibrosis and promote the communication between metabolites and gut microbiota g_Ruminococcus through the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smads pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117656. [PMID: 38154526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum, a traditional edible medicinal mushroom, has been widely reported to improve liver diseases as a dietary intervention for people. Ganoderma lucidum extracts, primarily total triterpenoids (GLTTs), are one of the bioactive ingredients that have excellent beneficial effects on hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, its prevention and reversal are particularly critical due to the increasing number of patients with chronic liver diseases worldwide. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate whether GLTTs had a hepatoprotective effect against hepatic fibrosis through metabolic perturbations and gut microbiota changes and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compound compositions of GLTTs were quantified, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis rats were used to investigate the cause of the improvement in various physiological states with GLTTs treatment, and to determine whether its consequent effect was associated with endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota using UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. RESULTS GLTTs alleviated physical status, reduced liver pathological indicators, proinflammatory cytokines, and deposition of hepatic collagen fibers via regulating the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smads pathways. The untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 16 potential metabolites that may be the most relevant metabolites for gut microbiota dysbiosis and the therapeutic effects of GLTTs in hepatic fibrosis. Besides, although GLTTs did not significantly affect the α-diversity indexes, significant changes were observed in the composition of microflora structure. In addition, Spearman analysis revealed strong correlations between endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota g_Ruminococcus with hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION GLTTs could provide a potential target for the practical design and application of novel functional food ingredients or drugs in the therapy of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xinge Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Pengling Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shujie Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Generic Technology Research Center for Anhui TCM Industry, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technical Service Center of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Schmidt KE, Höving AL, Nowak K, an Mey N, Kiani Zahrani S, Nemeita B, Riedel L, Majewski A, Kaltschmidt B, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C. Serum Induces the Subunit-Specific Activation of NF-κB in Proliferating Human Cardiac Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3593. [PMID: 38612406 PMCID: PMC11012129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often linked to ageing and are the major cause of death worldwide. The declined proliferation of adult stem cells in the heart often impedes its regenerative potential. Thus, an investigation of the proliferative potential of adult human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) might be of great interest for improving cell-based treatments of cardiovascular diseases. The application of human blood serum was already shown to enhance hCSC proliferation and reduce senescence. Here, the underlying signalling pathways of serum-mediated hCSC proliferation were studied. We are the first to demonstrate the involvement of the transcription factor NF-κB in the serum-mediated proliferative response of hCSCs by utilizing the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed ATF6B, COX5B, and TNFRSF14 as potential targets of NF-κB that are involved in serum-induced hCSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko E. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katja Nowak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nike an Mey
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Sina Kiani Zahrani
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Britta Nemeita
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Lena Riedel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Agnes Majewski
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
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10
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Liang S, Zheng R, Zuo B, Li J, Wang Y, Han Y, Dong H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Meng R, Jia L, Yang A, Yan B. SMAD7 expression in CAR-T cells improves persistence and safety for solid tumors. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:213-226. [PMID: 38177245 PMCID: PMC10901810 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in hematological malignancies, their application in solid tumors has been limited largely due to T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and systemic toxicity caused by excessive cytokine release. As a key regulator of the immunosuppressive TME, TGF-β promotes cytokine synthesis via the NF-κB pathway. Here, we coexpressed SMAD7, a suppressor of TGF-β signaling, with a HER2-targeted CAR in engineered T cells. These novel CAR-T cells displayed high cytolytic efficacy and were resistant to TGF-β-triggered exhaustion, which enabled sustained tumoricidal capacity after continuous antigen exposure. Moreover, SMAD7 substantially reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines by antigen-primed CAR-T cells. Mechanistically, SMAD7 downregulated TGF-β receptor I and abrogated the interplay between the TGF-β and NF-κB pathways in CAR-T cells. As a result, these CAR-T cells persistently inhibited tumor growth and promoted the survival of tumor-challenged mice regardless of the hostile tumor microenvironment caused by a high concentration of TGF-β. SMAD7 coexpression also enhanced CAR-T-cell infiltration and persistent activation in patient-derived tumor organoids. Therefore, our study demonstrated the feasibility of SMAD7 coexpression as a novel approach to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- School of Medicine Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Baile Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- School of Medicine Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yujie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- School of Medicine Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- School of Medicine Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ruotong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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11
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Ku H, Chen JJY, Chen W, Tien PT, Lin HJ, Wan L, Xu G. The role of transforming growth factor beta in myopia development. Mol Immunol 2024; 167:34-42. [PMID: 38340674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Myopia is widely recognized as an epidemic. Studies have found a link between Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and myopia, but the specific molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, a monocular model in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) was established to verify the molecular mechanism of TGF-β in myopia. The results indicated that there were significant changes in TGF-βs during the treatment of myopia, which could enhance the refractive ability and axial length of the eye. Immunohistochemical staining, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and immunoblotting results showed a significant upregulation of MMP2 and NF-κB levels, and a significant downregulation of COL-I expression in the TGF-β treated eyes, suggesting that NF-κB and MMP2 are involved in the signaling pathways of TGF-βs induced myopia and axial elongation. Moreover, the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TAK1, and NF-κB in the retina were all significantly elevated. This indicates that TGF-β stimulates the inflammatory response of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the TAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study suggests that TGF-β promotes the progression of myopia by enhancing intraocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangyu Ku
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031 China; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Eye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Eye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031 China.
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12
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Kesika P, Thangaleela S, Sisubalan N, Radha A, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C. The Role of the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:164. [PMID: 38392902 PMCID: PMC10892479 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global health threat caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The present review discusses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and its potential therapeutical role in treating COVID-19. COVID-19 pathogenesis, the major NF-κB pathways, and the involvement of NF-κB in SARS-CoV-2 have been detailed. Specifically, NF-κB activation and its impact on managing COVID-19 has been discussed. As a central player in the immune and inflammatory responses, modulating NF-κB activation could offer a strategic avenue for managing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the NF-κB pathway's role could aid in developing treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations into the intricacies of NF-κB activation are required to reveal effective therapeutic strategies for managing and combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.S.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Sisubalan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.S.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Arumugam Radha
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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13
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Florea CM, Rosu R, Moldovan R, Vlase L, Toma V, Decea N, Baldea I, Filip GA. The impact of chronic Trimethylamine N-oxide administration on liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114429. [PMID: 38176578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
TMAO, a gut microbiota derived byproduct, has been associated with various cardiometabolic diseases by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. The liver is the main organ for TMAO production and chronic exposure to high doses of TMAO could alter its function. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chronic exposure of high TMAO doses on liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. TMAO was administered daily via gastric gavage to laboratory rats for 3 months. Blood was drawn for the quantification of TMAO, and liver tissues were harvested for the assessment of oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, GSSG, GPx, CAT, and 8-oxo-dG) and inflammation by quantification of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, NOS and COX-2 expression. The evaluation of fibrosis was made by Western blot analysis of α-SMA and Collagen-3 protein expression. Histological investigation and immunohistochemical staining of iNOS were performed in order to assess the liver damage. After 3 months of TMAO exposure, TMAO serum levels enhanced in parallel with increases in MDA and GSSG levels in liver tissue and lower values of GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio as well as a decrease in GPx and CAT activities. Inflammation was also highlighted, with enhanced iNOS, COX-2, and IL-10 expression, without structural changes and without induction of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Marius Florea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Rosu
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research, branch of NIRDBS, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Center for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources "3B", Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Elgazzaz M, Berdasco C, Garai J, Baddoo M, Lu S, Daoud H, Zabaleta J, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lazartigues E. Maternal Western diet programs cardiometabolic dysfunction and hypothalamic inflammation via epigenetic mechanisms predominantly in the male offspring. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101864. [PMID: 38159883 PMCID: PMC10806294 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal exposure during pregnancy is a strong determinant of offspring health outcomes. Such exposure induces changes in the offspring epigenome resulting in gene expression and functional changes. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal Western hypercaloric diet (HCD) programming during the perinatal period on neuronal plasticity and cardiometabolic health in adult offspring. METHODS C57BL/6J dams were fed HCD for 1 month prior to mating with regular diet (RD) sires and kept on the same diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, offspring were maintained on either HCD or RD for 3 months resulting in 4 treatment groups that underwent cardiometabolic assessments. DNA and RNA were extracted from the hypothalamus to perform whole genome methylation, mRNA, and miRNA sequencing followed by bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS Maternal programming resulted in male-specific hypertension and hyperglycemia, with both males and females showing increased sympathetic tone to the vasculature. Surprisingly, programmed male offspring fed HCD in adulthood exhibited lower glucose levels, less insulin resistance, and leptin levels compared to non-programmed HCD-fed male mice. Hypothalamic genes involved in inflammation and type 2 diabetes were targeted by differentially expressed miRNA, while genes involved in glial and astrocytic differentiation were differentially methylated in programmed male offspring. These data were supported by our findings of astrogliosis, microgliosis and increased microglial activation in programmed males in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Programming induced a protective effect in male mice fed HCD in adulthood, resulting in lower protein levels of hypothalamic TGFβ2, NF-κB2, NF-κBp65, Ser-pIRS1, and GLP1R compared to non-programmed HCD-fed males. Although TGFβ2 was upregulated in male mice exposed to HCD pre- or post-natally, only blockade of the brain TGFβ receptor in RD-HCD mice improved glucose tolerance and a trend to weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that maternal HCD programs neuronal plasticity in the offspring and results in male-specific hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with hypothalamic inflammation in mechanisms and pathways distinct from post-natal HCD exposure. Together, our data unmask a compensatory role of HCD programming, likely via priming of metabolic pathways to handle excess nutrients in a more efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elgazzaz
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA; Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Clara Berdasco
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shiping Lu
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hisham Daoud
- School of Computer and Cyber Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA; Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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15
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Kundu S, Ghosh A, Yadav KS, Mugale MN, Sahu BD. Imperatorin ameliorates kidney injury in diabetic mice by regulating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling axis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and renal inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176250. [PMID: 38092315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious concern in patients with diabetes mellitus. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces oxidative damage, chronic inflammation, and build-up of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the renal cells, leading to kidney structural and functional changes. Imperatorin (IMP) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin derivative with proven antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether IMP could improve DN and employed high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells and high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-generated DN experimental model in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, IMP effectively reduced the HG-activated reactive oxygen species generation, disturbance in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and collagen 1 expression in HK-2 cells. In vivo, we found an elevation of serum creatinine, kidney histology alterations, and collagen build-up in the kidneys of the DN control group. Also, we found an altered expression of EMT-related markers, upregulation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 axis, and elevated pro-inflammatory molecules, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and phospho-NF-kB (p65) in the DN control group. IMP treatment did not significantly reduce the blood glucose level compared to the DN control group. However, IMP treatment effectively improved renal damage by ameliorating kidney histological changes and serum renal injury markers. IMP treatment restored renal antioxidants and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys. Moreover, the abnormal manifestation of EMT-related attributes and elevated levels of TGF-β, phospho-Smad2/3, and collagen 1 were also normalized in the IMP treatment group. Our findings highlight that IMP may be a potential candidate for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Ankana Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Karan Singh Yadav
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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16
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Zhu J, Zhou T, Menggen M, Aimulajiang K, Wen H. Ghrelin regulating liver activity and its potential effects on liver fibrosis and Echinococcosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1324134. [PMID: 38259969 PMCID: PMC10800934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1324134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin widely exists in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, and has biological activities such as maintaining energy homeostasis, regulating lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, immune response, gastrointestinal physiological activities, cognition, memory, circadian rhythm and reward effects. In many benign liver diseases, it may play a hepatoprotective role against steatosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, and improve liver cell autophagy and immune response to improve disease progression. However, the role of Ghrelin in liver Echinococcosis is currently unclear. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which Ghrelin regulates liver growth metabolism, immune-inflammation, fibrogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as its protective effects in liver fibrosis diseases, and further proposes the role of Ghrelin in liver Echinococcosis infection. During the infectious process, it may promote the parasitism and survival of parasites on the host by improving the immune-inflammatory microenvironment and fibrosis state, thereby accelerating disease progression. However, there is currently a lack of targeted in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence for this viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tanfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Menggen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Chen C, Cheng Y, Lei H, Feng X, Zhang H, Qi L, Wan J, Xu H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yang B. SHP2 potentiates anti-PD-1 effectiveness through intervening cell pyroptosis resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115797. [PMID: 37913735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a formidable challenge due to the lack of effective treatment modalities. Immunotherapy stands as a promising therapeutic approach; however, the emergence of drug resistance mechanisms within tumor cells, particularly those targeting apoptosis and pyroptosis, has hampered its clinical efficacy. SHP2 is intricately involved in diverse physiological processes, including immune cell proliferation, infiltration, and tumor progression. Nevertheless, the precise contribution of SHP2 to tumor cell pyroptosis resistance remains inadequately understood. Herein, we demonstrate that SHP2 inhibition hampers the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of TNBC, accompanied by noticeable alterations in cellular membrane architecture. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that SHP2 depletion triggers the activation of Caspase-1 and GSDMD, resulting in GSDMD-dependent release of LDH, IL-1β, and IL-18. Furthermore, computational analyses and co-localization investigations substantiate the hypothesis that SHP2 may hinder pyroptosis through direct binding to JNK, thereby impeding JNK phosphorylation. Our cellular experiments further corroborate these findings by demonstrating that JNK inhibition rescues pyroptosis induced by SHP2 knockdown. Strikingly, in vivo experiments validate the suppressive impact of SHP2 knockdown on tumor progression via enhanced JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, SHP2 knockdown augments tumor sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy, thus reinforcing the pro-pyroptotic effects and inhibiting tumor growth. In summary, our findings elucidate the mechanism by which SHP2 governs TNBC pyroptosis, underscoring the potential of SHP2 inhibition to suppress cell pyroptosis resistance and its utility as an adjunctive agent for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Ximin street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Haoqi Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Lingling Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jufeng Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Haiying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Ximin street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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18
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Li Z, Han C, Wang Z, Li Z, Ruan L, Lin H, Zhou C. Black soldier fly pulp in the diet of golden pompano: Effect on growth performance, liver antioxidant and intestinal health. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109156. [PMID: 37827247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has been widely researched as a protein source for fish meal replacement in aquaculture, but few studies have focused on its potential as a feed additive for growth and immune enhancement. We conducted a 56-day culture experiment to determine the impact of feed addition of black soldier fly pulp (BSFP, with 86.2% small peptides in dry basis) on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, liver antioxidant levels, intestinal immunity, digestion and microbiota of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus, 5.63 ± 0.02 g). BSFP was added to the basal diet at 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% (named Control, BSFP-1, BSFP-3, BSFP-5, BSFP-7, BSFP-9), respectively. BSFP increased the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and reduced the feed conversion rate of juvenile T. ovatus, the optimal growth performance was reached at BSFP-1, after which a negative feedback phenomenon was observed. Low levels of BSFP upregulated the expression of hepatic antioxidant, intestinal tight junctions, anti-inflammatory related genes and enhanced antioxidant, immune and intestinal digestive enzyme activities, which simultaneously reduced hepatic malondialdehyde and plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. However, at BSFP-7, catalase activity was significantly reduced, while NF-κB p65 and pro-inflammatory cytokines transcription was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). The results suggest that high doses of BSFP addition may damage fish health by inhibiting small peptide uptake, decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzyme and activating the canonical NF-κB pathway. Conversely, low doses of BSFP enhanced intestinal tight junction protein transcription, digestive enzyme activity and immune performance, inhibited pathogenic microbiota, while enhancing liver antioxidant capacity, which was associated with activated Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and suppressed NF-κB pathway, showing its potential as a feed additive to aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengzong Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Guangdong Green Coral Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Leshan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Heizhao Lin
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya, 572019, China
| | - Chuanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya, 572019, China.
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19
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Sun J, Chen F, Wu G. Role of NF-κB pathway in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and its potential therapeutic implications. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11313-11330. [PMID: 37847185 PMCID: PMC10637793 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, is the most aggressive renal tumor subtype. Since the discovery of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in 1986, many studies have demonstrated abnormal NF-κB signaling is associated with the development of various cancers, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. In this study, the relationship between NF-κB and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma was confirmed using bioinformatics analysis. First, we explored the differential expression of copy number variation (CNV), single nucleotide variant (SNV), and messenger RNA (mRNA) in NF-κB-related genes in different types of cancer, as well as the impact on cancer prognosis and sensitivity to common chemotherapy drugs. Then, we divided the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB-related genes in KIRC patients into three groups through GSVA cluster analysis and explored the correlation between the NF-κB pathway and clinical data of KIRC patients, classical cancer-related genes, common anticancer drug responsiveness, and immune cell infiltration. Finally, 11 tumor-related genes were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to construct a prognostic model. In addition, we used the UALCAN and HPA databases to verify the protein levels of three key NF-κB-related genes (CHUK, IKGGB, and IKBKG) in KIRC. In conclusion, our study established a prognostic survival model based on NF-κB-related genes, which can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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20
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Choi SI, Shin YC, Lee JS, Yoon YC, Kim JM, Sung MK. N-Acetylglucosamine and its dimer ameliorate inflammation in murine colitis by strengthening the gut barrier function. Food Funct 2023; 14:8533-8544. [PMID: 37655824 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence is increasing rapidly worldwide. Anti-inflammatory medications, including 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants, are used for its treatment; however, new alternatives would be required due to the serious side effects of some of these medications. N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) is an amino sugar composed of mucin that is secreted by intestinal epithelial cells. It is also used to promote the growth of intestinal bacteria. The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of NAG against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis and elucidate its mechanism of action. Mice were randomly divided into control, DSS, 0.1% sulfasalazine, 0.1% NAG, 0.3% NAG, and 0.3% NAG-dimer (NAG-D) groups, and results showed that colitis-induced body weight loss, disease activity, colonic tissue damage, colon length shortening, and the loss of mucin-secreting area were significantly improved in the NAG-D group. The intestinal permeability indicator, serum CD 14 level, and expression of the tight junction protein, occludin, were both improved in the 0.3% NAG group. Inflammatory biomarkers, including GATA3, IFN-γ, p-IκBα, COX2, TGF-β1, and Smad7, were significantly lower in the 0.3% NAG and NAG-D groups than in the DSS group. The intestinal microbial composition was most significantly altered in the 0.3% NAG group, showing decreased ratios of pathogenic bacteria, such as Betaproteobacteria, especially Burkholderiales. The results overall suggested that NAG or NAG-D supplementation can alleviate inflammation by strengthening the intestinal barrier function and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-In Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Joong Su Lee
- Amicogen Inc., Jinju-si 52621, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Cho Yoon
- Amicogen Inc., Jinju-si 52621, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Myung Kim
- Amicogen Inc., Jinju-si 52621, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Sari MI, Jusuf NK, Munir D, Putra A, Bisri T, Ilyas S, Farhat F, Muhar AM, Rusda M, Amin MM. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome in the Inflammatory Mediators and the Survival Rate of Rat Model of Sepsis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2325. [PMID: 37626822 PMCID: PMC10452511 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In sepsis, simultaneously elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukin (IL)-10 indicate immune response dysregulation, increasing the mortality of the host. As mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome is known to have immunomodulatory effects, we aim to assess the role of MSC secretome in the inflammatory mediators (NF-κB p65 and p50, TNF-α, IL-10) and the survival rate of a rat model of sepsis. In this study, forty-eight male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into one sham group and three groups with sepsis induction: the control group and the sepsis-induced rat groups treated with 150 μL (T1) and 300 μL (T2) of secretome. The survival rate was observed per 6 h for 48 h and plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Compared to the control group, T2 showed a significant decrease in the relative expression of NF-κB and the serum TNF-α level, and a significant increase in the serum IL-10 level. Meanwhile, T1 showed a significant decrease in the serum TNF-α level compared to the control group. The Kaplan-Meier Log Rank test did not show significance in the distribution of survival between T1, T2, and the control group. However, from the 18th to the 36th hour, the survival rate of T2 was lower than the survival rate of the control group and T1, with a noticeable difference between T2 and the control group, as well as T1 at the 36th hour. At the 42nd hour, the survival rate of T2 was the same as the control group and remained lower than T1. In conclusion, MSC secretome regulated the inflammatory mediators in rat model of sepsis, with a dose of 150 μL being more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara Indah Sari
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.R.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Nelva Karmila Jusuf
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, Head & Neck, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Agung Putra
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang 50112, Indonesia;
| | - Tatang Bisri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Bandung 40513, Indonesia;
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Farhat Farhat
- Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, Head & Neck, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (D.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Adi Muradi Muhar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Rusda
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.R.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Mustafa Mahmud Amin
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.R.); (M.M.A.)
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22
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Imaizumi T, Hayashi R, Kudo Y, Li X, Yamaguchi K, Shibata S, Okubo T, Ishii T, Honma Y, Nishida K. Ocular instillation of conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells is effective for dry eye syndrome by improving corneal barrier function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13100. [PMID: 37567940 PMCID: PMC10421917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a chronic ocular disease that induces epithelial damage to the cornea by decreasing tear production and quality. Adequate treatment options have not been established for severe DES such as Sjogren's syndrome due to complicated pathological conditions. To solve this problem, we focused on the conditioned medium of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSC-CM), which have multiple therapeutic properties. Here, we showed that hAdMSC-CM suppressed Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs). In addition, hAdMSC-CM increased the expression level and regulated the localisation of barrier function-related components, and improved the BAC-induced barrier dysfunction in hCECs. RNA-seq analysis and pharmacological inhibition experiments revealed that the effects of hAdMSC-CM were associated with the TGFβ and JAK-STAT signalling pathways. Moreover, in DES model rats with exorbital and intraorbital lacrimal gland excision, ocular instillation of hAdMSC-CM suppressed corneal epithelial damage by improving barrier dysfunction of the cornea. Thus, we demonstrated that hAdMSC-CM has multiple therapeutic properties associated with TGFβ and JAK-STAT signalling pathways, and ocular instillation of hAdMSC-CM may serve as an innovative therapeutic agent for DES by improving corneal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kudo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaito Yamaguchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Okubo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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23
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Lok HC, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Fu Y, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Elevated GRO-α and IL-18 in serum and brain implicate the NLRP3 inflammasome in frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8942. [PMID: 37268663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a heterogeneous group of proteinopathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. It is marked by microglial activation and subsequent cytokine release. Although cytokine levels in FTD brain and CSF have been examined, the number of cytokines measured in each study is limited and knowledge on cytokine concentrations in FTD serum is scarce. Here, we assessed 48 cytokines in FTD serum and brain. The aim was to determine common cytokine dysregulation pathways in serum and brain in FTD. Blood samples and brain tissue samples from the superior frontal cortex (SFC) were collected from individuals diagnosed with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and healthy controls, and 48 cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunological assay. The data were evaluated by principal component factor analysis to determine the contribution from different components of the variance in the cohort. Levels of a number of cytokines were altered in serum and SFC in bvFTD compared to controls, with increases in GRO-α and IL-18 in both serum and SFC. These changes could be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation or the NFκB pathway, which activates NLRP3. The results suggest the possible importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in FTD. An improved understanding of the role of inflammasomes in FTD could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Chuen Lok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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24
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Monika P, Chandraprabha MN, Murthy KNC. Catechin, epicatechin, curcumin, garlic, pomegranate peel and neem extracts of Indian origin showed enhanced anti-inflammatory potential in human primary acute and chronic wound derived fibroblasts by decreasing TGF-β and TNF-α expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:181. [PMID: 37268940 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic wounds are devastating and can cause burden at multiple levels, chronic wound research is still far behind. Chronic wound treatment is often less efficient due to delay in diagnosis and treatment, non-specific treatment mainly due to lack of knowledge of wound healing or healing resistance genes. It's known that chronic wounds do not progress towards healing, because it gets stalled in inflammatory phase of wound healing. OBJECTIVE We aimed to use phytoextracts possessing excellent anti-inflammatory properties to regulate the unbalanced levels of cytokines responsible for increased inflammation. METHODS Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of selected phytoextracts namely, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Acacia catechu (L.f) Willd., Curcuma longa (L.), Allium sativum (L.), Punica granatum (L.) and Azadirachta indica A. hereafter, called as catechin, epicatechin, curcumin, garlic, pomegranate and neem extracts, respectively in Acute wound fibroblasts (AWFs) and Chronic wound fibroblasts (CWFs) using flow cytometry. RESULTS The phytoextracts exhibited no cytotoxicity below 100 μg/ml on normal Human Dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), while garlic extract showed highest cell viability followed by catechin, epicatechin, curcumin, pomegranate peel and neem based on IC50 value. Garlic, catechin and epicatechin extracts showed highest anti-inflammatory activities for both TGF-β and TNF-α in both AWFs and CWFs treated cells. After treatment of AWFs with catechin, epicatechin and garlic extracts, TGF-β and TNF-α expression was significantly reduced compared to untreated AWFs and reached to almost normal HDFs level. Also, after treatment of CWFs with catechin, epicatechin and garlic extracts, TGF-β and TNF-α expression was significantly reduced compared to untreated CWFs and was lesser than untreated AWFs. CONCLUSION The present findings reveal the potential of catechin, epicatechin and garlic extracts for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds with excellent anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Monika
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore, 560054, India
- Visvesvaraya Technological University, Jnana Sangama, Belgaum, 590018, India
| | - M N Chandraprabha
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore, 560054, India.
- M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Center for Bio and Energy Materials Innovation, Bangalore, 560054, India.
| | - K N Chidambara Murthy
- Neuberg Anand Academy of Laboratory Medicine, Anand Tower, 54, Bowring Hospital Road, Shivajinagar, Bangalore, 560001, India.
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25
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Ghaiad HR, Ali SO, Al-Mokaddem AK, Abdelmonem M. Regulation of PKC/TLR-4/NF-kB signaling by sulbutiamine improves diabetic nephropathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 381:110544. [PMID: 37224990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy (DN) which may finally lead to renal failure. The current study aimed to explore the effect of sulbutiamine, a synthetic derivative of vitamin B1, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN and related pathways. Experimental DN was successfully induced 8 weeks after a single low dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, I.P.). Four groups of rats were used in this study and divided randomly into: control group, diabetic group, sulbutiamine control (control + sulbutiamine) group, and sulbutiamine-treated (60 mg/kg) (diabetic + sulbutiamine) group. The fasting blood glucose level (BGL) and the levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), urea, creatinine in serum, and the renal content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein kinase C (PKC), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were determined. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) contents were evaluated immunohistochemically. Sulbutiamine treatment decreased fasting BGL and improved the kidney function tests compared to diabetic rats. Moreover, TLR-4, NF-κB, MDA and PKC contents were substantially reduced following sulbutiamine treatment compared to the diabetic group. Sulbutiamine managed to obstruct the production of the pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β and suppressed TGF-β1 level, in addition to attenuating the histopathological changes associated with DN. This study revealed, for the first time, the ability of sulbutiamine to ameliorate STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. This nephroprotective outcome of sulbutiamine against DN may be attributed to glycemic control in addition to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba R Ghaiad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa O Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha Abdelmonem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Muhammad I, Ibrahim MA, Kumarihamy M, Lambert JA, Zhang J, Mohammad MH, Khan SI, Pasco DS, Balachandran P. Cannabinoid and Opioid Receptor Affinity and Modulation of Cancer-Related Signaling Pathways of Machaeriols and Machaeridiols from Machaerium Pers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104162. [PMID: 37241903 PMCID: PMC10361207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Machaeriols and machaeridiols are unique hexahydrodibenzopyran-type aralkyl phytocannabinoids isolated from Machaerium Pers. Earlier studies of machaeriol A (1) and B (2) did not show any affinity for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 or CNR1), although they are structural analogs of psychoactive hexahydrocannabinol. This study comprehensively reports on the affinities of isolated Machaerium Pers. compounds, namely machaeriol A-D (1-4) and machaeridiol A-C (5-7), against cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) and opioid (κ, δ and µ) receptors. Among the isolated compounds, machaeriol D (4) and machaeridiol A-C (5-7) showed some selective binding affinity for the CB2 receptor, using a radioligand binding assay, with Ki values of >1.3, >1.77, >2.18 and >1.1 μM, respectively. On the other hand, none of the compounds showed any binding to the CB1 receptor. Due to recent reports on the anticancer potential of the endocannabinoid system, compounds 1-7 were tested against a battery of luciferase reporter gene vectors that assess the activity of many cancer-related signaling pathways, including Stat3, Smad2/3, AP-1, NF-κB, E2F, Myc, Ets, Notch, FoxO, Wnt, Hedgehog and pTK in HeLa and T98G glioblastoma cells. Complete dose-response curves have been determined for each compound in both of these cell lines, which revealed that machaeridiol 6 displayed activities (IC50 in µM in HeLa and T98G cells) towards Stat3 (4.7, 1.4), Smad2/3 (1.2, 3.0), AP-1 (5.9, 4.2), NF-κB (0.5, 4.0), E2F (5.7, 0.7), Myc (5.3, 2.0), ETS (inactive, 5.9), Notch (5.3, 4.6), Wnt (4.2, inactive) and Hedgehog (inactive, 5.0). Furthermore, a combination study between machaeriol C (3) and machaeridiol B (6) displayed additive effects for E2F, ETS, Wnt and Hedgehog pathways, where these compounds individually were either minimally active or inactive. None of the compounds inhibited luciferase expression driven by the minimal thymidine kinase promoter (pTK), indicating the lack of general cytotoxicity for luciferase enzyme inhibition at the 50 µM concentration in both of these cell lines. The significance of the inhibition of these signaling pathways via machaeridiol 5-7 and their cross-talk potential has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohammad A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mallika Kumarihamy
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Janet A Lambert
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Marwa H Mohammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - David S Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Russo L, Capra E, Franceschi V, Cavazzini D, Sala R, Lazzari B, Cavirani S, Donofrio G. Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171770. [PMID: 37234529 PMCID: PMC10206056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a Gammaherpesvirus belonging to the Rhadinovirus genus. The bovine is BoHV-4's natural host, and the African buffalo is BoHV-4's natural reservoir. In any case, BoHV-4 infection is not associated with a specific disease. Genome structure and genes are well-conserved in Gammaherpesvirus, and the orf 45 gene and its product, ORF45, are one of those. BoHV-4 ORF45 has been suggested to be a tegument protein; however, its structure and function have not yet been experimentally characterized. The present study shows that BoHV-4 ORF45, despite its poor homology with other characterized Rhadinovirus ORF45s, is structurally related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a phosphoprotein, and localizes in the host cell nuclei. Through the generation of an ORF45-null mutant BoHV-4 and its pararevertant, it was possible to demonstrate that ORF45 is essential for BoHV-4 lytic replication and is associated with the viral particles, as for the other characterized Rhadinovirus ORF45s. Finally, the impact of BoHV-4 ORF45 on cellular transcriptome was investigated, an aspect poorly explored or not at all for other Gammaherpesvirus. Many cellular transcriptional pathways were found to be altered, mainly those involving p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and signal-regulated kinase (ERK) complex (RSK/ERK). It was concluded that BoHV-4 ORF45 has similar characteristics to those of KSHV ORF45, and its unique and incisive impact on the cell transcriptome paves the way for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Capra
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA CNR, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Davide Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA CNR, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Mazi FA, Cakiroglu E, Uysal M, Kalyoncu M, Demirci D, Sozeri PYG, Yilmaz GO, Ozhan SE, Senturk S. The paracaspase MALT1 is a downstream target of Smad3 and potentiates the crosstalk between TGF-β and NF-kB signaling pathways in cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110611. [PMID: 36708753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β signaling mediates its biological effects by engaging canonical Smad proteins and crosstalking extensively with other signaling networks, including the NF-kB pathway. The paracaspase MALT1 is an intracellular signaling molecule essential for NF-kB activation downstream of several key cell surface receptors. Despite intensive research on TGF-β and NF-kB interactions, the significance of MALT1 in this context remains undecoded. Here we provide experimental evidence supporting that MALT1 functions to converge these pathways. Using A549 and Huh7 cancer cell line models, we report that TGF-β stimulation enhances MALT1 protein and transcript levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Systematic and selective perturbation of TGF-β signaling components identifies MALT1 as a downstream target of Smad3. Rescue experiments in SMAD3 knockout cells confirm that C-terminal phosphorylation of Smad3 is central to MALT1 induction. Corroborating these data, we document that the expression of SMAD3 and MALT1 genes are positively correlated in TCGA cohorts, and we trace the molecular basis of MALT1 elevation to promoter activation. Functional studies in parental as well as NF-kB p65 signaling reporter engineered cells conclusively reveal that MALT1 is paramount for TGF-β-stimulated nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of NF-kB p65. Furthermore, we find that BCL10 is also implicated in TGF-β activation of NF-kB target genes, potentially coupling the TGF-β-MALT1-NF-kB signaling axis to the CARMA-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome. The novel findings of this study indicate that MALT1 is a downstream target of the canonical TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and plays a critical role in modulating TGF-β and NF-kB crosstalk in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aybuke Mazi
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Cakiroglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Uysal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Perihan Yagmur Guneri Sozeri
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Tada A, Minami T, Kitai H, Higashiguchi Y, Tokuda M, Higashiyama T, Negi Y, Horio D, Nakajima Y, Otsuki T, Mikami K, Takahashi R, Nakamura A, Kitajima K, Ohmuraya M, Kuribayashi K, Kijima T. Combination therapy with anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody plus angiokinase inhibitor exerts synergistic antitumor effect against malignant mesothelioma via tumor microenvironment modulation. Lung Cancer 2023; 180:107219. [PMID: 37146474 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related fatal malignant neoplasm. Although there has been no reliable chemotherapeutic regimen other than combination therapy of cisplatin and pemetrexed for two decades, combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab brought about a better outcome in patients with MPM. Thus, cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is expected to play a central role in the treatment of MPM. To maximize the antitumor effect of ICI, we evaluated whether nintedanib, an antiangiogenic agent, could augment the antitumor effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody (Ab). Although nintedanib could not inhibit the proliferation of mesothelioma cells in vitro, it significantly suppressed the growth of mesothelioma allografts in mice. Moreover, combination therapy with anti-PD-1 Ab plus nintedanib reduced tumor burden more dramatically compared with nintedanib monotherapy via inducing remarkable necrosis in MPM allografts. Nintedanib did not promote the infiltration of CD8+ T cells within the tumor when used alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 Ab but it independently decreased the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis and ex vivo study using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed that nintedanib could polarize TAMs from M2 to M1 phenotype. These results indicated that nintedanib had a potential to suppress protumor activity of TAMs both numerically and functionally. On the other hand, ex vivo study revealed that nintedanib upregulated the expression of PD-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in BMDMs and mesothelioma cells, respectively, and exhibited the impairment of phagocytic activity of BMDMs against mesothelioma cells. Co-administration of anti-PD-1 Ab may reactivate phagocytic activity of BMDMs by disrupting nintedanib-induced immunosuppressive signal via binding between PD-1 on BMDMs and PD-L1 on mesothelioma cells. Collectively, combination therapy of anti-PD-1 Ab plus nintedanib enhances the antitumor activity compared with respective monotherapy and can become a novel therapeutic option for patients with MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Kitai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoko Higashiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tokuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Higashiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Negi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Horio
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Otsuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kitajima
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kuribayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Martínez-García M, Felipo V. Extracellular vesicles from hyperammonemic rats induce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and impair cognition in control rats. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:90. [PMID: 36922433 PMCID: PMC11072842 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis show hyperammonemia and peripheral inflammation and may show hepatic encephalopathy with cognitive impairment, reproduced by rats with chronic hyperammonemia. Peripheral inflammation induces neuroinflammation in hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats, altering neurotransmission and leading to cognitive impairment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may transmit pathological effects from the periphery to the brain. We hypothesized that EVs from peripheral blood would contribute to cognitive alterations in hyperammonemic rats. The aims were to assess whether EVs from plasma of hyperammonemic rats (HA-EVs) induce cognitive impairment and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Injection of HA-EVs impaired learning and memory, induced microglia and astrocytes activation and increased TNFα and IL-1β. Ex vivo incubation of hippocampal slices from control rats with HA-EVs reproduced these alterations. HA-EVs increased membrane expression of TNFR1, reduced membrane expression of TGFβR2 and Smad7 and IκBα levels and increased IκBα phosphorylation. This led to increased activation of NF-κB and IL-1β production, altering membrane expression of NR2B, GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, which would be responsible for cognitive impairment. All these effects of HA-EVs were prevented by blocking TNFα, indicating that they were mediated by enhanced activation of TNFR1 by TNFα. We show that these mechanisms are very different from those leading to motor incoordination, which is due to altered GABAergic neurotransmission in cerebellum. This demonstrates that peripheral EVs play a key role in the transmission of peripheral alterations to the brain in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy, inducing neuroinflammation and altering neurotransmission in hippocampus, which in turn is responsible for the cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-García
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
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Ali S, Rehman MU, Yatoo AM, Arafah A, Khan A, Rashid S, Majid S, Ali A, Ali MN. TGF-β signaling pathway: Therapeutic targeting and potential for anti-cancer immunity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175678. [PMID: 36990262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic secretory cytokine exhibiting both cancer-inhibitory and promoting properties. It transmits its signals via Suppressor of Mother against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) and non-SMAD pathways and regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In non-cancer and early-stage cancer cells, TGFβ signaling suppresses cancer progression via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or anti-proliferation, and promoting cell differentiation. On the other hand, TGFβ may also act as an oncogene in advanced stages of tumors, wherein it develops immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments and induces the proliferation of cancer cells, invasion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Higher TGFβ expression leads to the instigation and development of cancer. Therefore, suppressing TGFβ signals may present a potential treatment option for inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Different inhibitory molecules, including ligand traps, anti-sense oligo-nucleotides, small molecule receptor-kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and vaccines, have been developed and clinically trialed for blocking the TGFβ signaling pathway. These molecules are not pro-oncogenic response-specific but block all signaling effects induced by TGFβ. Nonetheless, targeting the activation of TGFβ signaling with maximized specificity and minimized toxicity can enhance the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against this signaling pathway. The molecules that are used to target TGFβ are non-cytotoxic to cancer cells but designed to curtail the over-activation of invasion and metastasis driving TGFβ signaling in stromal and cancer cells. Here, we discussed the critical role of TGFβ in tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as the outcome and the promising achievement of TGFβ inhibitory molecules in the treatment of cancer.
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Sui Y, Li S, Fu XQ, Zhao ZJ, Xing S. Bioinformatics analyses of combined databases identify shared differentially expressed genes in cancer and autoimmune disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:109. [PMID: 36765396 PMCID: PMC9921081 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate immunity caused by poor immune surveillance leads to tumorigenesis, while excessive immunity due to breakdown of immune tolerance causes autoimmune genesis. Although the function of immunity during the onset of these two processes appears to be distinct, the underlying mechanism is shared. To date, gene expression data for large bodies of clinical samples are available, but the resemblances of tumorigenesis and autoimmune genesis in terms of immune responses remains to be summed up. METHODS Considering the high disease prevalence, we chose invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to study the potential commonalities of immune responses. We obtained gene expression data of IDC/SLE patients and normal controls from five IDC databases (GSE29044, GSE21422, GSE22840, GSE15852, and GSE9309) and five SLE databases (GSE154851, GSE99967, GSE61635, GSE50635, and GSE17755). We intended to identify genes differentially expressed in both IDC and SLE by using three bioinformatics tools including GEO2R, the limma R package, and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to perform function enrichment, protein-protein network, and signaling pathway analyses. RESULTS The mRNA levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase like (OASL), and PML nuclear body scaffold (PML) were found to be differentially expressed in both IDC and SLE by using three different bioinformatics tools of GEO2R, the limma R package and WGCNA. From the combined databases in this study, the mRNA levels of STAT1 and OAS1 were increased in IDC while reduced in SLE. And the mRNA levels of OASL and PML were elevated in both IDC and SLE. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, both IDC and SLE were correlated with the changes of multiple components involved in the Interferon (IFN)-Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The expression levels of STAT1 and OAS1 manifest the opposite expression tendency across cancer and autoimmune disease. They are components in the IFN-JAK-STAT signaling pathway related to both tumorigenesis and autoimmune genesis. STAT1 and OAS1-associated IFN-JAK-STAT signaling could explain the commonalities during tumorigenesis and autoimmune genesis and render significant information for more precise treatment from the point of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Shuping Li
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Expression and Function of BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043473. [PMID: 36834884 PMCID: PMC9964332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a transmembrane pseudoreceptor structurally related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type 1 receptors (TGF-β1Rs). BAMBI lacks a kinase domain and functions as a TGF-β1R antagonist. Essential processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation are regulated by TGF-β1R signaling. TGF-β is the best-studied ligand of TGF-βRs and has an eminent role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is the end stage of almost all chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and at the moment, there is no effective anti-fibrotic therapy available. Hepatic BAMBI is downregulated in rodent models of liver injury and in the fibrotic liver of patients, suggesting that low BAMBI has a role in liver fibrosis. Experimental evidence convincingly demonstrated that BAMBI overexpression is able to protect against liver fibrosis. Chronic liver diseases have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BAMBI was shown to exert tumor-promoting as well as tumor-protective functions. This review article aims to summarize relevant studies on hepatic BAMBI expression and its role in chronic liver diseases and HCC.
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Zhao X, Sun D, Zhang A, Huang H, Li Y, Xu D. Candida albicans-induced activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway and upregulation of IL-6 may contribute to intrauterine adhesion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:579. [PMID: 36631456 PMCID: PMC9834405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic injury to endometrial tissue is the main cause of intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and infection can also damage the endometrium. The microbiota plays an important role in the health of the female reproductive tract. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In total, 908 patients with IUA and 11,389 healthy individuals were retrospectively selected for this clinical study. Participant information including vaginal microecological results and human papillomavirus (HPV) status were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors related to IUA. Next, animal experiments were performed in a curettage-induced IUA rat model. After the procedure, rats in the experimental group received a vaginal infusion of a Candida albicans (C. albicans) fungal solution. On days 3, 7, and 14 after curettage and infusion, the expression levels of IL-6, fibrotic pathway-related factors (TGF-β1, Smad 2, and COL1), and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in rat endometrial tissues were assessed. Fungal infection of the reproductive tract was found to be an independent risk factor for IUA (P < 0.05). The inflammatory response and degree of fibrosis were greater in rats infected with C. albicans than in the controls. The levels of IL-6, TGF-β1, Smad 2, and COL1 expression in endometrial tissues were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the ER and PR levels were lower in the IUA group than in the non-IUA group (P < 0.05). C. albicans infection may be related to IUA. C. albicans elicits a strong inflammatory response that can lead to more severe endometrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Zhao
- grid.431010.7Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Dan Sun
- grid.431010.7Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- grid.431010.7Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Huan Huang
- grid.431010.7Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Dabao Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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35
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: The role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124613. [PMID: 36950696 PMCID: PMC10025540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the rise, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies to mitigate the disease's debilitating effects. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients globally. DCMP manifests as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis before progressing to heart failure. Evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate diabetic cardiomyopathy-related processes such as insulin resistance, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation, emphasizing their heart-protective effects. This paper reviewed the literature data from animal and human studies on the non-trivial roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the context of DCMP in diabetes and demonstrated their future potential in DCMP treatment in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Mirjana T. Macvanin,
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sabry OM, Sabry MO, El-Sonbaty SM, Meselhy KM. In-vivo and in-silico studies of Eucalyptus kino polyphenolics: outstanding activity in quenching solid liver tumors through inhibition of MMP-9 and TGF-β gene expression. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:343-347. [PMID: 34494929 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1961254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a result of our continuous research efforts to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Eucalyptus kino polyphenolics for healing liver solid tumors, in-vivo histopathological studies of the solid tumor tissues and in-silico molecular docking were carried out. Histopathology of female mice treated with a dose of 200 mg/kg Eucalyptus kino methanolic extract in combination with low level ionising γ-radiation (0.25 Gy) recovered a near-to-normal histological structure revealing a substantial number of cells with hyper-chromachia in nuclei, fibroblast lobules and necrotic cells. Analysis for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by Western blot and also molecular docking study were conducted to evaluate and rank the potential of the individual components dominated in the extract to inhibit MMP-9 and TGF-β. The current study presents new lead compounds for the design of novel MMP-9 and TGF-β strong inhibitors of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miral O Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kang D, Lee Y, Kim W, Lee HR, Jung S. 3D pulmonary fibrosis model for anti-fibrotic drug discovery by inkjet-bioprinting. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36562496 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca8e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is known as a chronic and irreversible disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation and lung architecture changes. Large efforts have been made to develop prospective treatments and study the etiology of pulmonary fibrotic diseases utilizing animal models and spherical organoids. As part of these efforts, we created an all-inkjet-printed three-dimensional (3D) alveolar barrier model that can be used for anti-fibrotic drug discovery. Then, we developed a PF model by treating the 3D alveolar barrier with pro-fibrotic cytokine and confirmed that it is suitable for the fibrosis model by observing changes in structural deposition, pulmonary function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis markers. The model was tested with two approved anti-fibrotic drugs, and we could observe that the symptoms in the disease model were alleviated. Consequently, structural abnormalities and changes in mRNA expression were found in the induced fibrosis model, which were shown to be recovered in all drug treatment groups. The all-inkjet-printed alveolar barrier model was reproducible for disease onset and therapeutic effects in the human body. This finding emphasized that thein vitroartificial tissue with faithfully implemented 3D microstructures using bioprinting technology may be employed as a novel testing platform and disease model to evaluate potential drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoon Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyeom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Qu B, Liu X, Liang Y, Zheng K, Zhang C, Lu L. Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200401. [PMID: 36210339 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest reason for chronic liver diseases in the world and is commonly related to the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a deteriorating form of NAFLD, which can eventually develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The reason for NAFLD/NASH development is complicated, such as liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy, liver fibrosis and gut microbiota. Apart from bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes, officially approved drug therapy for NAFLD/NASH treatment is lacking. Salidroside (SDS) is a phenolic compound extensively distributed in the tubers of Rhodiola plants, which possesses many significant biological activities. This review summarized the related targets regulated by SDS in treating NAFLD/NASH. It is indicated that SDS could improve the status of NAFLD/NASH by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating apoptosis and autophagy, reducing inflammatory response, alleviating fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, although the multiple bioactivities of SDS have been confirmed, the clinical data are inadequate and need to become the focus of attention in the later study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xuemao Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yanjiao Liang
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Keke Zheng
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Parthenolide alleviates peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation via the NF-κB/ TGF-β/Smad signaling axis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1346-1354. [PMID: 36307537 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with a complicated pathogenesis and limited treatments. Parthenolide (PTL), a recognized nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor extracted from Tanacetum balsamita, has been widely used to treat various inflammatory diseases and has been proven to improve peritoneal fibrosis in PD mice by selectively inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), via Smad-dependent signaling, has a pivotal role in promoting pathogenic of fibrosis. To investigate whether PTL can inhibit peritoneal fibrosis, we affected the interaction between NF-κB and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway. Long dwell peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) and peritoneum tissues were collected from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. PTL was administered intragastrically into a PD mouse model by daily infusion of 4.25% dextrose-containing PDF. Treated HMrSV5 cells or rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were treated with high glucose(138 mM) at the same concentration as 2.5% dextrose-containing PDF and PTL. PD-related peritoneal fibrosis samples indicated an increase in inflammation, and PTL decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (L-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1). PTL inhibited high glucose-induced mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), as indicated by a reduced expression of fibrosis markers (fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA) and increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. PTL also significantly decreased TGF-β1 expression and the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κBp65. The changes in the levels of TGF-β1 expression and p-p65 or p65 showed similar trends according to western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm that PTL regulates the transcription of TGF-β1 induced by high glucose through NF-κBp65. In summary, PTL induces a therapeutic effect in peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation via the NF-κB/ TGF-β/Smad signaling axis.
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40
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Integrated Transcriptome Analysis Reveals mRNA-miRNA Pathway Crosstalk in Roman Laying Hens' Immune Organs Induced by AFB1. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110808. [PMID: 36422982 PMCID: PMC9693605 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely distributed contaminant in moldy corn, rice, soybean, and oil crops. Many studies have revealed its adverse effects, such as carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, on the health of humans and animals. To investigate the immunotoxic effects on chicken immune organs induced by AFB1, we integrated RNA and small-RNA sequencing data of the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius to elucidate the response of the differentially expressed transcriptional profiles and related pathways. AFB1 consumption negatively influenced egg quality, but no obvious organ damage was observed compared to that of the control group. We identified 3918 upregulated and 2415 downregulated genes in the spleen and 231 upregulated and 65 downregulated genes in the bursa of Fabricius. We confirmed that several core genes related to immune and metabolic pathways were activated by AFB1. Furthermore, 42 and 19 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius, respectively. Differentially expressed genes and target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly associated with cancer progression and immune response. The predicted mRNA-miRNA pathway network illustrated the potential regulatory mechanisms. The present study identified the transcriptional profiles and revealed potential mRNA-miRNA pathway crosstalk. This genetic regulatory network will facilitate the understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanisms of chicken immune organs induced by high concentrations of AFB1.
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41
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Zou X, Ouyang H, Lin F, Zhang H, Yang Y, Pang D, Han R, Tang X. MYBPC3 deficiency in cardiac fibroblasts drives their activation and contributes to fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:948. [PMID: 36357371 PMCID: PMC9649783 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations in the MYBPC3 gene encoding cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are the most common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Myocardial fibrosis (MF) plays a critical role in the development of HCM. However, the mechanism for mutant MYBPC3-induced MF is not well defined. In this study, we developed a R495Q mutant pig model using cytosine base editing and observed an early-onset MF in these mutant pigs shortly after birth. Unexpectedly, we found that the "cardiac-specific" MYBPC3 gene was actually expressed in cardiac fibroblasts from different species as well as NIH3T3 fibroblasts at the transcription and protein levels. CRISPR-mediated disruption of Mybpc3 in NIH3T3 fibroblasts activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which increased the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and other pro-inflammatory genes. The upregulation of TGF-β1 promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 subunit α (HIF-1α) and its downstream targets involved in glycolysis such as GLUT1, PFK, and LDHA. Consequently, the enhanced aerobic glycolysis with higher rate of ATP biosynthesis accelerated the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, contributing to the development of HCM. This work reveals an intrinsic role of MYBPC3 in maintaining cardiac fibroblast homeostasis and disruption of MYBPC3 in these cells contributes to the disease pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China.
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MiR-27a as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in systemic sclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18932. [PMID: 36344812 PMCID: PMC9640682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroderma is a multiorgan rheumatoid disease characterized by skin tightening or organ dysfunction due to fibrosis, vascular damage, and autoimmunity. No specific cause has been discovered for this illness, and hence no effective treatment exists for it. On the other hand, due to the lack of diagnostic biomarkers capable of effectively and specifically differentiating the patients, early diagnosis has not been possible. Due to their potent regulatory roles in molecular pathways, microRNAs are among the novel candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases like SSc. MiR-27a is a microRNA known for its role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and cancer, both of which employ similar signaling pathways; hence we hypothesized that Mir-27a could be dysregulated in the blood of individuals affected by SSc and it might be useful in the diagnosis or treatment of this disease. Blood was collected from 60 SSc patients (30 limited and 30 diffuse) diagnosed by a rheumatologist according to ACR/AULAR criteria; following RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis; real-time qPCR was performed on the samples using Taq-Man probes and data were analyzed by the ΔΔCT method. Also, potential targets of miR-27a were evaluated using bioinformatics. It was revealed that miR-27a was significantly down-regulated in SSc patients in comparison to healthy individuals, but there was no difference in miR-27 expression between limited and diffused SSc patients. Besides, miR-27a was found to target several contributing factors to SSc. It seems that miR-27a has a protective role in SSc, and its downregulation could result in the disease's onset. Based on bioinformatics analyses, it is speculated that miR-27a likely targets factors contributing to the pathogenesis of SSc, which are elevated upon the downregulation of miR-27a; hence, miR-27a mimics could be considered as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of SSc in future studies. Since no difference was observed between limited and diffuse patient groups, it is unlikely that this microRNA has a role in disease progression. According to ROC analysis of qPCR data, miR-27a could be employed as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for SSc.
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Li Z, Low V, Luga V, Sun J, Earlie E, Parang B, Shobana Ganesh K, Cho S, Endress J, Schild T, Hu M, Lyden D, Jin W, Guo C, Dephoure N, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Blenis J. Tumor-produced and aging-associated oncometabolite methylmalonic acid promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation to drive metastatic progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6239. [PMID: 36266345 PMCID: PMC9584945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic metabolic shifts that occur during aging and the local metabolic alterations of a tumor, its stroma and their communication cooperate to establish a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) fostering cancer progression. Here, we show that methylmalonic acid (MMA), an aging-increased oncometabolite also produced by aggressive cancer cells, activates fibroblasts in the TME, which reciprocally secrete IL-6 loaded extracellular vesicles (EVs) that drive cancer progression, drug resistance and metastasis. The cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-released EV cargo is modified as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of the canonical and noncanonical TGFβ signaling pathways. EV-associated IL-6 functions as a stroma-tumor messenger, activating the JAK/STAT3 and TGFβ signaling pathways in tumor cells and promoting pro-aggressive behaviors. Our findings define the role of MMA in CAF activation to drive metastatic reprogramming, unveiling potential therapeutic avenues to target MMA at the nexus of aging, the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchi Li
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Vivien Low
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Valbona Luga
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Janet Sun
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ethan Earlie
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bobak Parang
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kripa Shobana Ganesh
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sungyun Cho
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jennifer Endress
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Tanya Schild
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mengying Hu
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wenbing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chunjun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ashley M Laughney
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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44
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Sabato C, Noviello TMR, Covre A, Coral S, Caruso FP, Besharat ZM, Splendiani E, Masuelli L, Battistelli C, Vacca A, Catanzaro G, Po A, Anichini A, Maio M, Ceccarelli M, Di Giacomo AM, Ferretti E. A novel microRNA signature for the detection of melanoma by liquid biopsy. Lab Invest 2022; 20:469. [PMID: 36243798 PMCID: PMC9571479 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and metastatic disease is associated with a significant survival rate drop. There is an urgent need for consistent tumor biomarkers to scale precision medicine and reduce cancer mortality. Here, we aimed to identify a melanoma-specific circulating microRNA signature and assess its value as a diagnostic tool. METHODS The study consisted of a discovery phase and two validation phases. Circulating plasma extracellular vesicles (pEV) associated microRNA profiles were obtained from a discovery cohort of metastatic melanoma patients and normal subjects as controls. A pEV-microRNA signature was obtained using a LASSO penalized logistic regression model. The pEV-microRNA signature was subsequently validated both in a publicly available dataset and in an independent internal cohort. RESULTS We identified and validated in three independent cohorts a panel of melanoma-specific circulating microRNAs that showed high accuracy in differentiating melanoma patients from healthy subjects with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00, 0.94 and 0.75 respectively. Investigation of the function of the pEV-microRNA signature evidenced their possible immune suppressive role in melanoma patients. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a blood test based on circulating microRNAs can non-invasively detect melanoma, offering a novel diagnostic tool for improving standard care. Moreover, we revealed an immune suppressive role for melanoma pEV-microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sabato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Rosaria Noviello
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore", 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Coral
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Epigen Therapeutics s.r.l., 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pia Caruso
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore", 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elena Splendiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Human Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore", 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Zohny MH, Alrouji M, Alhajlah S, AlOmeir O, Ewees MGED, Ghaffar DMA, El Adle Khalaf N, Mohammed OA, Abdeldaiem MSI, El-Bahouty WB, Elrabat A, Zakaria S, Abdel-Nasser ZM, Haleem AA, El-Gharbawy DM, Abdelhady R, Kaddah MMY, Shata A, Saber S. Diacetylrhein, an anthraquinone antiarthritic agent, suppresses dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammation in rats: A possible mechanism for a protective effect against ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113651. [PMID: 36081290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory life-threatening and premalignant disorder with no cure that even might end up with surgical removal of a large section or even all of the colon. It is characterized by relapsing-remitting courses of intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage in which oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory response play a significant role. Most of the current medications to maintain remission are symptomatic and have many adverse reactions. Therefore, the potential for improved management of patients with UC continues to increase. Yet, the benefits of using the antiarthritic agent diacetylrhein to counteract inflammation in UC are still obscure. Hence, our study was designed to explore its potential role in UC using a model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in rats. Our results revealed that diacetylrhein targeted the NLRP3 and inhibited the inflammasome assembly. Consequently, caspase-1 activity and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were inhibited leading to a curbed pyroptosis process. Additionally, diacetylrhein revealed a significant antiapoptotic potential as revealed by the levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Concomitant to these effects, diacetylrhein also interrupted NFκB signals leading to improved microscopic features of inflamed colon and decreased colon weight to length ratio, indices of disease activity, and macroscopic damage. Additionally, a reduction in the myeloperoxidase activity, IL-6, and TGF-β alongside an increase in the gene expression of Ocln and ZO-1 were detected. To conclude diacetylrhein showed a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and therefore might represent a promising agent in the management of acute UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Zohny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Othman AlOmeir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Dalia M Abdel Ghaffar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Noura El Adle Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud Said Ibrahim Abdeldaiem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | | | - Amr Elrabat
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Zakaria
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab M Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 11787, Egypt.
| | - Amira A Haleem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M El-Gharbawy
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Abdelhady
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
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Esmaeili Tarzi M, Kordestani Z, Mehrabani M, Yahyapour R, Raeiszadeh M, Bahrampour Juybari K, Sharififar F. The effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds on inflammatory mediators in C6 glioma cell line. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2022; 81:446-456. [PMID: 36252867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUBJECT Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a highly valued nutritional plant, which has long been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of human diseases. The multifaceted pharmacological impacts of N. sativa, such as attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, make it a suitable therapeutic candidate against cardiovascular, hepatic, and neurological disorders as well as cancer. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of N. sativa seeds on several pro-inflammatory cytokines in the C6 glioma cell line and to compare it with the effect of the extract on the normal fibroblast cell line. METHODS C6 and fibroblast cell lines were treated with the extract of N. sativa seeds, and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) after 72h of treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to assess the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) at the mRNA level in both cell lines after 72h of treatment with non-toxic and IC50 concentrations obtained from C6 cell line. RESULTS The IC50 values for the hydroalcoholic extract of N. sativa seeds were 260±20μg/mL in the C6 cell line and 398±27μg/mL in fibroblast cells. The real-time PCR results indicated that the treatment of C6 and fibroblast cells with the extract at the IC50 value of N. sativa in C6 for 72h could increase the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and reduce the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 in C6 and fibroblast cells. The N. sativa extract showed a higher anti-inflammatory effect on C6 cells in comparison with fibroblast cells. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of Nigella sativa in C6 cell line, it may be considered a promising candidate to fortify antitumor actions in combination with other therapeutic options in the treatment of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esmaeili Tarzi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Z Kordestani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - M Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - R Yahyapour
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Raeiszadeh
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - K Bahrampour Juybari
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - F Sharififar
- Herbal and traditional Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Genetic Disruption of Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A Triggers Differential Cardiac Fibrosis and Disorders in Male and Female Mutant Mice: Role of TGF-β1/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911487. [PMID: 36232788 PMCID: PMC9569686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global targeted disruption of the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) gene (Npr1) in mice provokes hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms regulating the development of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in Npr1 mutant mice. Npr1 knockout (Npr1-/-, 0-copy), heterozygous (Npr1+/-, 1-copy), and wild-type (Npr1+/+, 2-copy) mice were treated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 receptor (TGF-β1R) antagonist GW788388 (2 µg/g body weight/day; ip) for 28 days. Hearts were isolated and used for real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses. The Npr1-/- (0-copy) mice showed a 6-fold induction of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction with markedly induced expressions of collagen-1α (3.8-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein (3.7-fold), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, 5.3-fold), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, 6.1-fold), TGF-βRI (4.3-fold), TGF-βRII (4.7-fold), and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (pSMAD) proteins, including pSMAD-2 (3.2-fold) and pSMAD-3 (3.7-fold), compared with wild-type mice. The expressions of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9, (MMP-2, -9), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also significantly upregulated in Npr1 0-copy mice. The treatment of mutant mice with GW788388 significantly blocked the expression of fibrotic markers, SMAD proteins, MMPs, and PCNA compared with the vehicle-treated control mice. The treatment with GW788388 significantly prevented cardiac dysfunctions in a sex-dependent manner in Npr1 0-copy and 1-copy mutant mice. The results suggest that the development of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mutant mice is predominantly regulated through the TGF-β1-mediated SMAD-dependent pathway.
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Keratocyte Differentiation Is Regulated by NF-κB and TGFβ Signaling Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911073. [PMID: 36232373 PMCID: PMC9570283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) are important cytokines involved in corneal wound healing. Here, we studied the effect of these cytokines on corneal stromal cell (keratocyte) differentiation. IL-1β treatment resulted in reduced keratocyte phenotype, as evident by morphological changes and decreased expression of keratocyte markers, including keratocan, lumican, ALDH3A1, and CD34. TGFβ1 treatment induced keratocyte differentiation towards the myofibroblast phenotype. This was inhibited by simultaneous treatment with IL-1β, as seen by inhibition of α-SMA expression, morphological changes, and reduced contractibility. We found that the mechanism of crosstalk between IL-1β and TGFβ1 occurred via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, since the IL-1β induced inhibition of TGFβ1 stimulated keratocyte-myofibroblast differentiation was abolished by a specific NF-κB inhibitor, TPCA-1. We further found that Smad7 participated in the downstream signaling. Smad7 expression level was negatively regulated by IL-1β and positively regulated by TGFβ1. TPCA-1 treatment led to an overall upregulation of Smad7 at mRNA and protein level, suggesting that NF-κB signaling downregulates Smad7 expression levels in keratocytes. All in all, we propose that regulation of cell differentiation from keratocyte to fibroblast, and eventually myofibroblast, is closely related to the opposing effects of IL-1β and TGFβ1, and that the mechanism of this is governed by the crosstalk of NF-κB signaling.
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Importance of Fibrosis in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Leiomyoma and the Promising Anti-fibrotic Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors in the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1383-1398. [PMID: 35969363 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroid or leiomyoma is the most common benign uterus tumor. The tumor is primarily composed of smooth muscle (fibroid) cells, myofibroblast, and a significant amount of extracellular matrix components. It mainly affects women of reproductive age. They are uncommon before menarche and usually disappear after menopause. The fibroids have excessive extracellular matrix components secreted by activated fibroblast cells (myofibroblast). Myofibroblast has the characteristics of fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. These cells possess contractile capability due to the expression of contractile proteins which are normally found only in muscle tissues. The rigid nature of the tumor is responsible for many side effects associated with uterine fibroids. The current drug treatment strategies are primarily hormone-driven and not anti-fibrotic. This paper emphasizes the fibrotic background of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms behind the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix components. The transforming growth factor-β, hippo, and focal adhesion kinase-mediated signaling pathways activate the fibroblast cells and deposit excessive extracellular matrix materials. We also exemplify how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the fibrotic process in leiomyoma. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors prevent the fibrotic process in organs such as the kidneys, lungs, liver, and heart. These inhibitors are proven to inhibit the signaling pathways mentioned above at various stages of their activation. Based on literature evidence, we constructed a narrative review on the mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors for treating uterine fibroids.
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50
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Revisiting Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137437. [PMID: 35806442 PMCID: PMC9267463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of cancer remains one of the most important enigmas in modern biology. This paper presents a hypothesis for the origin of carcinomas in which cellular aging and inflammation enable the recovery of cellular plasticity, which may ultimately result in cancer. The hypothesis describes carcinogenesis as the result of the dedifferentiation undergone by epithelial cells in hyperplasia due to replicative senescence towards a mesenchymal cell state with potentially cancerous behavior. In support of this hypothesis, the molecular, cellular, and histopathological evidence was critically reviewed and reinterpreted when necessary to postulate a plausible generic series of mechanisms for the origin and progression of carcinomas. In addition, the implications of this theoretical framework for the current strategies of cancer treatment are discussed considering recent evidence of the molecular events underlying the epigenetic switches involved in the resistance of breast carcinomas. The hypothesis also proposes an epigenetic landscape for their progression and a potential mechanism for restraining the degree of dedifferentiation and malignant behavior. In addition, the manuscript revisits the gradual degeneration of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to propose an integrative generalized mechanistic explanation for the involution and carcinogenesis of tissues associated with aging. The presented hypothesis might serve to understand and structure new findings into a more encompassing view of the genesis of degenerative diseases and may inspire novel approaches for their study and therapy.
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