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Li X, Le Y, Li Y, Chen S, Guo L, Fu X, Manjanatha MG, Mei N. Evaluation of weak genotoxicity of hydroxychloroquine in human TK6 cells. Toxicol Lett 2024; 393:84-95. [PMID: 38311193 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a derivative of chloroquine (CQ), is an antimalarial and antirheumatic drug. Since there is limited data available on the genotoxicity of HCQ, in the current study, we used a battery of in vitro assays to systematically examine the genotoxicity of HCQ in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. We first showed that HCQ is not mutagenic in TK6 cells up to 80 μM with or without exogenous metabolic activation. Subsequently, we found that short-term (3-4 h) HCQ treatment did not cause DNA strand breakage as measured by the comet assay and the phosphorylation of histone H2A.X (γH2A.X), and did not induce chromosomal damage as determined by the micronucleus (MN) assay. However, after 24-h treatment, both CQ and HCQ induced comparable and weak DNA damage and MN formation in TK6 cells; upregulated p53 and p53-mediated DNA damage responsive genes; and triggered apoptosis and mitochondrial damage that may partially contribute to the observed MN formation. Using a benchmark dose (BMD) modeling analysis, the lower 95% confidence limit of BMD50 values (BMDL50) for MN induction in TK6 cells were about 19.7 μM for CQ and 16.3 μM for HCQ. These results provide additional information for quantitative genotoxic risk assessment of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Yuan Le
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Yuxi Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xin Fu
- Division of Pharmacology Toxicology Review, Office of Safety and Clinical Evaluation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Mugimane G Manjanatha
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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2
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Drzewiecka M, Gajos-Michniewicz A, Hoser G, Jaśniak D, Barszczewska-Pietraszek G, Sitarek P, Czarny P, Piekarski J, Radek M, Czyż M, Skorski T, Śliwiński T. Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) Inhibitor-Valproic Acid Sensitizes Human Melanoma Cells to Dacarbazine and PARP Inhibitor. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1295. [PMID: 37372475 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) holds promise as a potential anti-cancer therapy as histone and non-histone protein acetylation is frequently disrupted in cancer, leading to cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, the use of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) such as the class I HDAC inhibitor-valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to enhance the effectiveness of DNA-damaging factors, such as cisplatin or radiation. In this study, we found that the use of VPA in combination with talazoparib (BMN-673-PARP1 inhibitor-PARPi) and/or Dacarbazine (DTIC-alkylating agent) resulted in an increased rate of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and reduced survival (while not affecting primary melanocytes) and the proliferation of melanoma cells. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of class I HDACs sensitizes melanoma cells to apoptosis following exposure to DTIC and BMN-673. In addition, the inhibition of HDACs causes the sensitization of melanoma cells to DTIV and BMN-673 in melanoma xenografts in vivo. At the mRNA and protein level, the histone deacetylase inhibitor downregulated RAD51 and FANCD2. This study aims to demonstrate that combining an HDACi, alkylating agent and PARPi could potentially enhance the treatment of melanoma, which is commonly recognized as being among the most aggressive malignant tumors. The findings presented here point to a scenario in which HDACs, via enhancing the HR-dependent repair of DSBs created during the processing of DNA lesions, are essential nodes in the resistance of malignant melanoma cells to methylating agent-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Jaśniak
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Radek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery of Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital WAM-CSW, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czyż
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Guthrie OW, Spankovich C. Emerging and established therapies for chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity. J Cancer Surviv 2023; 17:17-26. [PMID: 36637631 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ototoxicity is considered a dose-limiting side effect of some chemotherapies. Hearing loss, in particular, can have significant implications for the quality of life for cancer survivors. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to mitigating ototoxicity related to chemotherapy. METHODS Literature review. CONCLUSIONS Numerous otoprotection strategies are undergoing active investigation. However, numerous challenges exist to confer adequate protection while retaining the anti-cancer efficacy of the chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Ototoxicity can have significant implications for cancer survivors, notably those receiving cisplatin. Clinical translation of multiple otoprotection approaches will aid in limiting these consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'neil W Guthrie
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher Spankovich
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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4
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Esimbekova AR, Palkina NV, Zinchenko IS, Belenyuk VD, Savchenko AA, Sergeeva EY, Ruksha T. Focal adhesion alterations in
G0
‐positive melanoma cells. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7294-7308. [PMID: 36533319 PMCID: PMC10067123 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor that exhibits various forms of drug resistance. Recently, reversal transition of cancer cells to the G0 phase of the cell cycle under the influence of therapeutic drugs has been identified as an event associated with tumor dissemination. In the present study, we investigated the ability of chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine to induce a transition of melanoma cells to the G0 phase as a mechanism of chemoresistance. METHODS We used the flow cytometry to analyze cell distribution within cell cycle phases after dacarbazine treatment as well as to identifyG0 -positive cells population. Transcriptome profiling was provided to determine genes associated with dacarbazine resistance. We evaluated the activity of β-galactosidase in cells treated with dacarbazine by substrate hydrolysis. Cell adhesion strength was measured by centrifugal assay application with subsequent staining of adhesive cells with Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies. Ability of melanoma cells to metabolize dacarbazine was determined by expressional analysis of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 followed by CYP1A1 protein level evaluation by the ELISA method. RESULTS The present study determined that dacarbazine treatment of melanoma cells could induce an increase in the percentage of cells in G0 phase without alterations of β-galactosidase positive cells which corresponded to the fraction of the senescent cells. Transcriptomic profiling of cells under dacarbazine induction of G0 -positive cells percentage revealed that 'VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway' and 'Cell cycle' signaling were mostly enriched by dysregulated genes. 'Focal adhesion' signaling was also found to be triggered by dacarbazine. In melanoma cells treated with dacarbazine, an increase in G0 -positive cells among adherent cells was found. CONCLUSIONS Dacarbazine induces the alteration in a percentage of melanoma cells residing in G0 phase of a cell cycle. The altered adhesive phenotype of cancer cells under transition in the G0 phase may refer to a specific intercellular communication pattern of quiescent/senescent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda V. Palkina
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Ivan S. Zinchenko
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Vasiliy D. Belenyuk
- Laboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Andrey A. Savchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Sergeeva
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Tatiana G. Ruksha
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
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Li C, Zhang A, Hu T, Yang Y, Tang S, Li J. Histone demethylase JHDM2A participates in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells by regulating DDB2. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:365-376. [PMID: 35579678 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221098319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely present in nature and is a class I carcinogen confirmed by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The liver is responsible for biotransformation in the body and is one of the major organs where arsenic accumulates in the body, but the mechanisms of arsenic-induced abnormal DNA damage repair pathways in the liver are still unclear. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic-induced lesions. In this study, an in vitro model was established using human normal hepatocytes L-02 to investigate the mechanism of the specific demethylase JHDM2A of H3K9me2 in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells. The results showed that with the increase of arsenic concentrations, the extent of DNA damage in L-02 cells showed an increasing trend and total intracellular H3K9me2 expression was downregulated. In addition, the enrichment level of H3K9me2 in the promoter region of DBB2, a key factor of nucleotide repair (NBR), increased, while protein and mRNA expression levels showed a decreasing trend. Thereafter, we overexpressed and repressed JHDM2A and found a close association between JHDM2A and arsenic-induced DNA damage. DDB2 protein and mRNA expression was downregulated with JHDM2A overexpression and upregulated with JHDM2A repression, while DBB2 promoter region H3K9me2 enrichment levels remained at a high level, although they were affected after JHDM2A overexpression or knockdown to some extent. These results suggest a potential mechanism by which JHDM2A may regulate DDB2 gene expression, participate in the NBR process, and play a role in arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells, which is not the result of JHDM2A exerting demethylation on H3K9me2 in the DDB2 promoter region. Our results provided an epigenetic mechanism for endemic arsenicosis, as well as a scientific basis for potential prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhe Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Anliu Zhang
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shunfang Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Zebian A, El-Dor M, Shaito A, Mazurier F, Rezvani HR, Zibara K. XPC multifaceted roles beyond DNA damage repair: p53-dependent and p53-independent functions of XPC in cell fate decisions. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108400. [PMID: 35690409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein (XPC) acts as a DNA damage recognition factor for bulky adducts and as an initiator of global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). Novel insights have shown that the role of XPC is not limited to NER, but is also implicated in DNA damage response (DDR), as well as in cell fate decisions upon stress. Moreover, XPC has a proteolytic role through its interaction with p53 and casp-2S. XPC is also able to determine cellular outcomes through its interaction with downstream proteins, such as p21, ARF, and p16. XPC interactions with effector proteins may drive cells to various fates such as apoptosis, senescence, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we explore XPC's involvement in different molecular pathways in the cell and suggest that XPC can be considered not only as a genomic caretaker and gatekeeper but also as a tumor suppressor and cellular-fate decision maker. These findings envisage that resistance to cell death, induced by DNA-damaging therapeutics, in highly prevalent P53-deficent tumors might be overcome through new therapeutic approaches that aim to activate XPC in these tumors. Moreover, this review encourages care providers to consider XPC status in cancer patients before chemotherapy in order to improve the chances of successful treatment and enhance patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Zebian
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Bordeaux, France; PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Fernández-Delgado E, Estirado S, Espino J, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Luna-Giles F, Rodríguez Moratinos AB, Pariente JA. Influence of ligand lipophilicity in Pt(II) complexes on their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in tumour cell lines. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111688. [PMID: 34922157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used strategies for drug development is the coordination of bioactive ligands to transition metals, which could improve biological activity. Moreover, the incorporation of aromatic groups to ligands may allow an enhanced lipophilicity that can influence the cellular uptake and accumulation of the metallodrugs, thus increasing their activity. Herein, we have reported the synthesis and characterization of four Pt(II) complexes [PtCl2(L)], where L = 2-(1-pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (PzTn), 2-(1-pyrazolyl)-1,3-thiazine (PzTz), 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1-pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPzTn) or 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1-pyrazolyl)-1,3-thiazine (DPhPzTz). The study was aimed at analysing their potential anticarcinogenic ability in epithelial cervix carcinoma HeLa, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 tumour cell lines as well as checking whether the structural factors of the organic ligand may influence their biological activity. Our findings showed that PtDPhPzTn and PtDPhPzTz were far more effective in terms of cytotoxicity than their less lipophilic counterparts (PtPzTn and PtPzTz), especially in cells derived from solid cervical tumours, thereby suggesting that modulating the lipophilicity of the ligands can help improve the cytotoxic effect of the metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Delgado
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Samuel Estirado
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Luna-Giles
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Ana B Rodríguez Moratinos
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José A Pariente
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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8
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Targeting the Interplay between HDACs and DNA Damage Repair for Myeloma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910406. [PMID: 34638744 PMCID: PMC8508842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, and accounts for 10% of all hematologic malignancies and 1% of all cancers. MM is characterized by genomic instability which results from DNA damage with certain genomic rearrangements being prognostic factors for the disease and patients’ clinical response. Following genotoxic stress, the evolutionary conserved DNA damage response (DDR) is activated and, in turn, coordinates DNA repair with cell-cycle events. However, the process of carcinogenesis cannot be attributed only to the genetic alterations, but also involves epigenetic processes. Regulation of expression and activity of key players in DNA repair and checkpoint proteins are essential and mediated partly by posttranslational modifications (PTM), such as acetylation. Crosstalk between different PTMs is important for regulation of DNA repair pathways. Acetylation, which is mediated by acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC), not only affects gene expression through its modulation of histone tails but also has recently been implicated in regulating non-histone proteins. Currently, several HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been developed both in pre-clinical and clinical studies, with some of them exhibiting significant anti-MM activities. Due to reversibility of epigenetic changes during the evolutionary process of myeloma genesis, the potency of epigenetic therapies seems to be of great importance. The aim of the present paper is the summary of all data on the role of HDACi in DDR, the interference with each DNA repair mechanism and the therapeutic implications of HDACi in MM.
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9
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Koyen AE, Madden MZ, Park D, Minten EV, Kapoor-Vazirani P, Werner E, Pfister NT, Haji-Seyed-Javadi R, Zhang H, Xu J, Deng N, Duong DM, Pecen TJ, Frazier Z, Nagel ZD, Lazaro JB, Mouw KW, Seyfried NT, Moreno CS, Owonikoko TK, Deng X, Yu DS. EZH2 has a non-catalytic and PRC2-independent role in stabilizing DDB2 to promote nucleotide excision repair. Oncogene 2020; 39:4798-4813. [PMID: 32457468 PMCID: PMC7305988 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor outcomes associated with resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which silences transcription through trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and has emerged as an important therapeutic target with inhibitors targeting its methyltransferase activity under clinical investigation. Here, we show that EZH2 has a non-catalytic and PRC2 independent role in stabilizing DDB2 to promote nucleotide excision repair (NER) and govern cisplatin resistance in SCLC. Using a synthetic lethality screen, we identified important regulators of cisplatin resistance in SCLC cells, including EZH2. EZH2 depletion causes cellular cisplatin and UV hypersensitivity in an epistatic manner with DDB1-DDB2. EZH2 complexes with DDB1-DDB2 and promotes DDB2 stability by impairing its ubiquitination independent of methyltransferase activity or PRC2, thereby facilitating DDB2 localization to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) crosslinks to govern their repair. Furthermore, targeting EZH2 for depletion with DZNep strongly sensitizes SCLC cells and tumors to cisplatin. Our findings reveal a non-catalytic and PRC2-independent function for EZH2 in promoting NER through DDB2 stabilization, suggesting a rationale for targeting EZH2 beyond its catalytic activity for overcoming cisplatin resistance in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson E Koyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth V Minten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Priya Kapoor-Vazirani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Neil T Pfister
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nikita Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Turner J Pecen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zoë Frazier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jean-Bernard Lazaro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David S Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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10
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Vaughn CM, Selby CP, Yang Y, Hsu DS, Sancar A. Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution of oxaliplatin-DNA adduct repair in drug-sensitive and -resistant colorectal cancer cell lines. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7584-7594. [PMID: 32299912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapies, including oxaliplatin, are a mainstay in the management of solid tumors and induce cell death by forming intrastrand dinucleotide DNA adducts. Despite their common use, they are highly toxic, and approximately half of cancer patients have tumors that are either intrinsically resistant or develop resistance. Previous studies suggest that this resistance is mediated by variations in DNA repair levels or net drug influx. Here, we aimed to better define the roles of nucleotide excision repair and DNA damage in platinum chemotherapy resistance by profiling DNA damage and repair efficiency in seven oxaliplatin-sensitive and three oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines. We assayed DNA repair indirectly as toxicity and directly measured bulky adduct formation and removal from the genome by slot blot and repair capacity in an excision assay, and used excision repair sequencing (XR-seq) to map repair events genome-wide at single-nucleotide resolution. Using this combinatorial approach and proxies for oxaliplatin-DNA damage, we observed no significant differences in repair efficiency that could explain the relative sensitivities and chemotherapy resistances of these cell lines. In contrast, the levels of oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage were significantly lower in the resistant cells, indicating that decreased damage formation, rather than increased damage repair, is a major determinant of oxaliplatin resistance in these cell lines. XR-seq-based analysis of gene expression revealed up-regulation of membrane transport pathways in the resistant cells, and these pathways may contribute to resistance. In conclusion, additional research is needed to characterize the factors mitigating cellular DNA damage formation by platinum compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Vaughn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260
| | - Christopher P Selby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260
| | - David S Hsu
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260
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Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:106-117. [PMID: 31968219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model defines tumors as hierarchically organized entities, containing a small population of tumorigenic CSC, or tumour-initiating cells, placed at the apex of this hierarchy. These cells may share common qualities with chemo- and radio-resistant cancer cells and contribute to self-renewal activities resulting in tumour formation, maintenance, growth and metastasis. Yet, it remains obscure what self-defense mechanisms are utilized by these cells against the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Recently, attention has been focused on the pivotal role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis. In line with this note, an increased DDR that prevents CSC and chemoresistant cells from genotoxic pressure of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation may be responsible for cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the role of DDR in CSC and resistant cancer cells and describe the existing opportunities of re-sensitizing such cells to modulate therapeutic treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors dysregulate DNA repair proteins and antagonize metastasis-associated processes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:343-356. [PMID: 31932908 PMCID: PMC6985217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We set out to determine whether clinically tested epigenetic drugs against class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) affect hallmarks of the metastatic process. Methods We treated permanent and primary renal, lung, and breast cancer cells with the class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) entinostat (MS-275) and valproic acid (VPA), the replicative stress inducer hydroxyurea (HU), the DNA-damaging agent cis-platinum (L-OHP), and the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). We used proteomics, quantitative PCR, immunoblot, single cell DNA damage assays, and flow cytometry to analyze cell fate after drug exposure. Results We show that HDACi interfere with DNA repair protein expression and trigger DNA damage and apoptosis alone and in combination with established chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, HDACi disrupt the balance of cell adhesion protein expression and abrogate TGFβ-induced cellular plasticity of transformed cells. Conclusion HDACi suppress the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and compromise the DNA integrity of cancer cells. These data encourage further testing of HDACi against tumor cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-019-03118-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Fernández-Delgado E, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Galán C, Franco L, Espino J, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Luna-Giles F, Bejarano I. Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with a thiazoline derivative ligand: Synthesis, structural characterization, antiproliferative activity and evaluation of pro-apoptotic ability in tumor cell lines HT-29 and U-937. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 202:110870. [PMID: 31689624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eluding apoptosis represents the hallmark of tumoral cell behavior. Cisplatin (CisPt) is a very common chemotherapeutic agent to treat cancer by reestablishing apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. However, certain patients acquire resistance to CisPt as well as suffer nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nausea and vomiting. The synthesis of new Pt(II) compounds represents an alternative to CisPt to avoid resistance and undesirable side effects. Pd(II) could be a Pt(II) surrogate given the similarity of coordination chemistry between them, thus widening the spectra of available anticancer drugs. Herein, we have synthesized and characterized two Pt(II) or Pd(II) complexes with TdTn (2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)imino-N-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)thiazolidine), a thiazoline derivative ligand, with formula [PtCl2(TdTn)] and [PdCl2(TdTn)]. The potential anticancer ability was evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 and human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cell lines. To that aim, U-937 and HT-29 cells were treated with TdTn, [PtCl2(TdTn)] and [PdCl2(TdTn)] for 24 h. The microscopy monitoring indicated that TdTn, [PtCl2(TdTn)] and [PdCl2(TdTn)] arrested the cell proliferation of U-937 and HT-29 cells with respect to control, in agreement with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the ligand by its own showed antiproliferative effects in both cell lines. [PtCl2(TdTn)] and [PdCl2(TdTn)] caused caspase-3 activation in U-937 cells, simultaneously with caspase-9 activation due to complexes; however, in HT-29 caspase-3 activation occurred simultaneously with caspase-8 activation induced by the ligand TdTn. Only metal complexes were able to induce ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation in U-937 cells, but not TdTn. In HT-29 cells neither the metal complexes, nor the ligand induced ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Delgado
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen Galán
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lourdes Franco
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Luna-Giles
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Group), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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15
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Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript promotes malignant melanoma progression and oxaliplatin resistance. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:254-262. [PMID: 30640294 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) was confirmed to participate in the development of many cancers. However, the function of XIST in malignant melanoma (MM) remained largely unknown. In the current study, we found that the XIST expression level was upregulated in MM tissues and cell lines. In addition, the growth rate of MM cells transfected with silencing XIST was significantly decreased compared with that with silencing normal control. XIST knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration in MM cells and increased the oxaliplatin sensitivity of oxaliplatin-resistant MM cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that XIST acts as a molecular sponge for miR-21 and miR-21 directly targets with 3'-UTR of PI3KR1. Furthermore, XIST knockdown inhibited PI3KRI and AKT expression, and promoted Bcl-2 and Bax expression. In short, the current study showed that XIST was a crucial regulator in progression and oxaliplatin resistance of MM, providing a novel insight into the pathogenesis and underlying therapeutic target for MM.
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Kaina B, Christmann M. DNA repair in personalized brain cancer therapy with temozolomide and nitrosoureas. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:128-141. [PMID: 31039537 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkylating agents have been used since the 60ties in brain cancer chemotherapy. Their target is the DNA and, although the DNA of normal and cancer cells is damaged unselectively, they exert tumor-specific killing effects because of downregulation of some DNA repair activities in cancer cells. Agents exhibiting methylating properties (temozolomide, procarbazine, dacarbazine, streptozotocine) induce at least 12 different DNA lesions. These are repaired by damage reversal mechanisms involving the alkyltransferase MGMT and the alkB homologous protein ALKBH2, and through base excision repair (BER). There is a strong correlation between the MGMT expression level and therapeutic response in high-grade malignant glioma, supporting the notion that O6-methylguanine and, for nitrosoureas, O6-chloroethylguanine are the most relevant toxic damages at therapeutically relevant doses. Since MGMT has a significant impact on the outcome of anti-cancer therapy, it is a predictive marker of the effectiveness of methylating anticancer drugs, and clinical trials are underway aimed at assessing the influence of MGMT inhibition on the therapeutic success. Other DNA repair factors involved in methylating drug resistance are mismatch repair, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR) and DSB signaling. Base excision repair and ALKBH2 might also contribute to alkylating drug resistance and their downregulation may have an impact on drug sensitivity notably in cells expressing a high amount of MGMT and at high doses of temozolomide, but the importance in a therapeutic setting remains to be shown. MGMT is frequently downregulated in cancer cells (up to 40% in glioblastomas), which is due to CpG promoter methylation. Astrocytoma (grade III) are frequently mutated in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1). These tumors show a surprisingly good therapeutic response. IDH1 mutation has an impact on ALKBH2 activity thus influencing DNA repair. A master switch between survival and death is p53, which often retains transactivation activity (wildtype) in malignant glioma. The role of p53 in regulating survival via DNA repair and the routes of death are discussed and conclusions as to cancer therapeutic options were drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Markus Christmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Abstract
From bacteria to humans, ancient stress responses enable organisms to contend with damage to both the genome and the proteome. These pathways have long been viewed as fundamentally separate responses. Yet recent discoveries from multiple fields have revealed surprising links between the two. Many DNA-damaging agents also target proteins, and mutagenesis induced by DNA damage produces variant proteins that are prone to misfolding, degradation, and aggregation. Likewise, recent studies have observed pervasive engagement of a p53-mediated response, and other factors linked to maintenance of genomic integrity, in response to misfolded protein stress. Perhaps most remarkably, protein aggregation and self-assembly has now been observed in multiple proteins that regulate the DNA damage response. The importance of these connections is highlighted by disease models of both cancer and neurodegeneration, in which compromised DNA repair machinery leads to profound defects in protein quality control, and vice versa.
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Accumulation of prohibitin is a common cellular response to different stressing stimuli and protects melanoma cells from ER stress and chemotherapy-induced cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43114-43129. [PMID: 28562344 PMCID: PMC5522132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most deaths among skin cancers and conventional and palliative care chemotherapy are limited due to the development of chemoresistance. We used proteomic analysis to identify cellular responses that lead to chemoresistance of human melanoma cell lines to cisplatin. A systems approach to the proteomic data indicated the participation of specific cellular processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial organization and homeostasis, as well as the unfolded protein response (UPR) to be required for the survival of cells treated with cisplatin. Prohibitin (PHB) was among the proteins consistently accumulated, interacting with the functional clusters associated with resistance to cisplatin. We showed PHB accumulated at different levels in melanoma cell lines under stressing stimuli, such as (i) treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), dacarbazine (DTIC) and cisplatin; (ii) serum deprivation; (iii) tunicamycin, an UPR inducer. Prohibitin accumulated in the mitochondria of melanoma cells after cisplatin and tunicamycin treatment and its de novo accumulation led to chemoresistance melanoma cell lines. In contrast, PHB knock-down sensitized melanoma cells to cisplatin and tunicamycin treatment. We conclude that PHB participates in the survival of cells exposed to different stress stimuli, and can therefore serve as a target for the sensitization of melanoma cells to chemotherapy.
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19
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Quinet A, Lerner LK, Martins DJ, Menck CFM. Filling gaps in translesion DNA synthesis in human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:127-142. [PMID: 30442338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During DNA replication, forks may encounter unrepaired lesions that hamper DNA synthesis. Cells have universal strategies to promote damage bypass allowing cells to survive. DNA damage tolerance can be performed upon template switch or by specialized DNA polymerases, known as translesion (TLS) polymerases. Human cells count on more than eleven TLS polymerases and this work reviews the functions of some of these enzymes: Rev1, Pol η, Pol ι, Pol κ, Pol θ and Pol ζ. The mechanisms of damage bypass vary according to the lesion, as well as to the TLS polymerases available, and may occur directly at the fork during replication. Alternatively, the lesion may be skipped, leaving a single-stranded DNA gap that will be replicated later. Details of the participation of these enzymes are revised for the replication of damaged template. TLS polymerases also have functions in other cellular processes. These include involvement in somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes, direct participation in recombination and repair processes, and contributing to replicating noncanonical DNA structures. The importance of DNA damage replication to cell survival is supported by recent discoveries that certain genes encoding TLS polymerases are induced in response to DNA damaging agents, protecting cells from a subsequent challenge to DNA replication. We retrace the findings on these genotoxic (adaptive) responses of human cells and show the common aspects with the SOS responses in bacteria. Paradoxically, although TLS of DNA damage is normally an error prone mechanism, in general it protects from carcinogenesis, as evidenced by increased tumorigenesis in xeroderma pigmentosum variant patients, who are deficient in Pol η. As these TLS polymerases also promote cell survival, they constitute an important mechanism by which cancer cells acquire resistance to genotoxic chemotherapy. Therefore, the TLS polymerases are new potential targets for improving therapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Quinet
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Leticia K Lerner
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Davi J Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Lin Y, Jiang XF, Duan X, Zeng F, Wu B, Wu S. Therapeutic Nanosystem Consisting of Singlet-Oxygen-Responsive Prodrug and Photosensitizer Excited by Two-Photon Light. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:23-27. [PMID: 29348806 PMCID: PMC5767894 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using light as the sole stimulus and employing the generated singlet oxygen as a therapeutic agent and the trigger to activate chemo-drug release could serve as an elegant way to bring into full play the advantageous features of light and enhance therapeutic efficacy through a combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Herein a liposomal drug system has been developed by embedding a fluorescent photosensitizer and a prodrug into phospholipid vesicles. Upon one- or two-photon light irradiation, the photosensitizer generates singlet oxygen, which removes the protecting group of the prodrug and subsequently causes the release of the active drug chlorambucil. With the combined action of O21 and chlorambucil, highly controllable cytotoxicity toward cancer cells was achieved. In addition, the fluorescent photosensitizer gives out fluorescent signal acting as the drug monitoring agent. This strategy may provide an efficient approach for cancer treatment and some useful insights for designing light-stimulated on-demand therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-fang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangyan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Song L, McNeil EM, Ritchie AM, Astell KR, Gourley C, Melton DW. Melanoma cells replicate through chemotherapy by reducing levels of key homologous recombination protein RAD51 and increasing expression of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase ζ. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:864. [PMID: 29254481 PMCID: PMC5735618 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global incidence of melanoma has been increasing faster than any other form of cancer. New therapies offer exciting prospects for improved survival, but the development of resistance is a major problem and there remains a need for additional effective melanoma therapy. Platinum compounds, such as cisplatin, are the most effective chemotherapeutics for a number of major cancers, but are ineffective on metastatic melanoma. They cause monofunctional adducts and intrastrand crosslinks that are repaired by nucleotide excision repair, as well as the more toxic interstrand crosslinks that are repaired by a combination of nuclease activity and homologous recombination. METHODS We investigated the mechanism of melanoma resistance to cisplatin using a panel of melanoma and control cell lines. Cisplatin-induced changes in levels of the key homologous recombination protein RAD51 and compensatory changes in translesion synthesis DNA polymerases were identified by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to compare the cell cycle and DNA damage response and the induction of apoptosis in cisplatin-treated melanoma and control cells. Ectopic expression of a tagged form of RAD51 and siRNA knockdown of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase zeta were used to investigate the mechanism that allowed cisplatin-treated melanoma cells to continue to replicate. RESULTS We have identified and characterised a novel DNA damage response mechanism in melanoma. Instead of increasing levels of RAD51 on encountering cisplatin-induced interstrand crosslinks during replication, melanoma cells shut down RAD51 synthesis and instead boost levels of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase zeta to allow replication to proceed. This response also resulted in synthetic lethality to the PARP inhibitor olaparib. CONCLUSIONS This unusual DNA damage response may be a more appropriate strategy for an aggressive and rapidly growing tumour like melanoma that enables it to better survive chemotherapy, but also results in increased sensitivity of cultured melanoma cells to the PARP inhibitor olaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ewan M McNeil
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Ritchie
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Katy R Astell
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.,Present Address: Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David W Melton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Guthrie OW. Functional consequences of inducible genetic elements from the p53 SOS response in a mammalian organ system. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen HH, Fan P, Chang SW, Tsao YP, Huang HP, Chen SL. NRIP/DCAF6 stabilizes the androgen receptor protein by displacing DDB2 from the CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21501-21515. [PMID: 28212551 PMCID: PMC5400601 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) and DNA damage binding protein 2 (DDB2) belong to the Cullin 4 (CUL4)-DDB1 binding protein family and are androgen receptor (AR)-interacting proteins. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of the NRIP, DDB2 and AR proteins in human prostate cancer tissues and found that the expression levels of NRIP and AR were higher, but the DDB2 level was lower, in prostate cancer tissues than in non-neoplastic controls, suggesting NRIP as a candidate tumor promoter and DDB2 as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Furthermore, both NRIP and DDB2 shared the same AR binding domain; they were competitors for the AR, but not for DDB1 binding, in the AR-DDB2-DDB1-CUL4A complex. Conclusively, NRIP stabilizes the AR protein by displacing DDB2 from the AR-DDB2 complex. Consistent with our hypothesis, a specific expression pattern with high levels of NRIP and AR, together with a low level of DDB2, was found more frequently in the human prostate cancer tissues with a cribriform pattern than in non-cribriform tumors, suggesting that disruption of the balance between NRIP and DDB2 may change AR protein homeostasis and contribute to pathogenesis in certain aggressive types of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsiung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ping Fan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Regulatory players of DNA damage repair mechanisms: Role in Cancer Chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1238-1245. [PMID: 28738540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damaging agents are most common in chemotherapeutic molecules that act against cancer. However, cancer cells possess inherent biological features to overcome DNA damages by activating various distinct repair mechanisms and pathways. Importantly, various oncogenes, cancer stem cells (CSCs), hypoxic environment, transcription factors and bystander signaling that are activated in the cancer cells influence DNA repair, thereby effectively repairing the DNA damage. Repaired cancer cells often become more resistance to further therapy and results in disease recurrence. In this review, we summarize how the various signaling pathways in cancer cells regulates DNA repair and induce chemoresistance.
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25
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Nikolova T, Kiweler N, Krämer OH. Interstrand Crosslink Repair as a Target for HDAC Inhibition. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:822-836. [PMID: 28687272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) covalently connect complementary DNA strands. Consequently, DNA replication and transcription are hampered, DNA damage responses (DDR) are initiated, and cell death is triggered. Therefore, drugs inducing ICLs are effective against rapidly growing cancer cells. However, tumors engage a complicated enzymatic machinery to repair and survive ICLs. Several factors, including the post-translational acetylation/deacetylation of lysine residues within proteins, control this network. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate the expression and functions of DNA repair proteins which remove ICLs and control the accessibility of chromatin. Accordingly, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are small, pharmacologically and clinically relevant molecules that sensitize cancer cells to ICL inducers. We discuss the mechanism of ICL repair and targets of HDACi within this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicole Kiweler
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Wie SM, Wellberg E, Karam SD, Reyland ME. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Protect the Salivary Gland from Radiation Damage by Inhibiting Activation of Protein Kinase C-δ. Mol Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28637715 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In patients undergoing irradiation (IR) therapy, injury to nontumor tissues can result in debilitating, and sometimes permanent, side effects. We have defined protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) as a regulator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and have shown that phosphorylation of PKCδ by c-Abl and c-Src activates its proapoptotic function. Here, we have explored the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of c-Src and c-Abl to block activation of PKCδ for radioprotection of the salivary gland. Dasatinib, imatinib, and bosutinib all suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ and inhibited IR-induced apoptosis in vitro To determine whether TKIs can provide radioprotection of salivary gland function in vivo, mice were treated with TKIs and a single or fractionated doses of irradiation. Delivery of dasatinib or imatinib within 3 hours of a single or fractionated dose of irradiation resulted in >75% protection of salivary gland function at 60 days. Continuous dosing with dasatinib extended protection to at least 5 months and correlated with histologic evidence of salivary gland acinar cell regeneration. Pretreatment with TKIs had no impact on clonogenic survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and in mice harboring HNSCC cell-derived xenografts, combining dasatinib or imatinib with fractionated irradiation did not enhance tumor growth. Our studies indicate that TKIs may be useful clinically to protect nontumor tissue in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy, without negatively impacting cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1989-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten M Wie
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of IR Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Calapre L, Gray ES, Kurdykowski S, David A, Descargues P, Ziman M. SIRT1 activation mediates heat-induced survival of UVB damaged Keratinocytes. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2017; 17:8. [PMID: 28601088 PMCID: PMC5466784 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-017-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to heat stress after UVB irradiation induces a reduction of apoptosis, resulting in survival of DNA damaged human keratinocytes. This heat-mediated evasion of apoptosis appears to be mediated by activation of SIRT1 and inactivation of p53 signalling. In this study, we assessed the role of SIRT1 in the inactivation of p53 signalling and impairment of DNA damage response in UVB plus heat exposed keratinocytes. Results Activation of SIRT1 after multiple UVB plus heat exposures resulted in increased p53 deacetylation at K382, which is known to affect its binding to specific target genes. Accordingly, we noted decreased apoptosis and down regulation of the p53 targeted pro-apoptotic gene BAX and the DNA repair genes ERCC1 and XPC after UVB plus heat treatments. In addition, UVB plus heat induced increased expression of the cell survival gene Survivin and the proliferation marker Ki67. Notably, keratinocytes exposed to UVB plus heat in the presence of the SIRT1 inhibitor, Ex-527, showed a similar phenotype to those exposed to UV alone; i.e. an increase in p53 acetylation, increased apoptosis and low levels of Survivin. Conclusion This study demonstrate that heat-induced SIRT1 activation mediates survival of DNA damaged keratinocytes through deacetylation of p53 after exposure to UVB plus heat Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12895-017-0060-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | | | - Anthony David
- GENOSKIN Centre Pierre Potier, Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia. .,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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28
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Kalal BS, Upadhya D, Pai VR. Chemotherapy Resistance Mechanisms in Advanced Skin Cancer. Oncol Rev 2017; 11:326. [PMID: 28382191 PMCID: PMC5379221 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2017.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a most dangerous and deadly type of skin cancer, and considered intrinsically resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It has become a major public health concern as the incidence of melanoma has been rising steadily over recent decades with a 5-year survival remaining less than 5%. Detection of the disease in early stage may be curable, but late stage metastatic disease that has spread to other organs has an extremely poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 10 months. Since metastatic melanoma is unresponsive to therapy that is currently available, research is now focused on different treatment strategies such as combinations of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The molecular basis of resistance to chemotherapy seen in melanoma is multifactorial; defective drug transport system, altered apoptotic pathway, deregulation of apoptosis and/or changes in enzymatic systems that mediate cellular metabolic machinery. Understanding of alterations in molecular processes involved in drug resistance may help in developing new therapeutic approaches to treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, India; Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University , Mangaluru, India
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29
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Holcomb N, Goswami M, Han SG, Scott T, D'Orazio J, Orren DK, Gairola CG, Mellon I. Inorganic arsenic inhibits the nucleotide excision repair pathway and reduces the expression of XPC. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 52:70-80. [PMID: 28237621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic, most often through contaminated drinking water, has been linked to several types of cancer in humans, including skin and lung cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying its role in causing cancer are not well understood. There is evidence that exposure to arsenic can enhance the carcinogenicity of UV light in inducing skin cancers and may enhance the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke in inducing lung cancers. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway removes different types of DNA damage including those produced by UV light and components of tobacco smoke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sodium arsenite on the NER pathway in human lung fibroblasts (IMR-90 cells) and primary mouse keratinocytes. To measure NER, we employed a slot-blot assay to quantify the introduction and removal of UV light-induced 6-4 photoproducts (6-4 PP) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). We find a concentration-dependent inhibition of the removal of 6-4 PPs and CPDs in both cell types treated with arsenite. Treatment of both cell types with arsenite resulted in a significant reduction in the abundance of XPC, a protein that is critical for DNA damage recognition in NER. The abundance of RNA expressed from several key NER genes was also significantly reduced by treatment of IMR-90 cells with arsenite. Finally, treatment of IMR-90 cells with MG-132 abrogated the reduction in XPC protein, suggesting an involvement of the proteasome in the reduction of XPC protein produced by treatment of cells with arsenic. The inhibition of NER by arsenic may reflect one mechanism underlying the role of arsenic exposure in enhancing cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis and UV light-induced skin cancer, and it may provide some insights into the emergence of arsenic trioxide as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Holcomb
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mamta Goswami
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim Scott
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John D'Orazio
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David K Orren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - C Gary Gairola
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Isabel Mellon
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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30
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Nikolova T, Roos WP, Krämer OH, Strik HM, Kaina B. Chloroethylating nitrosoureas in cancer therapy: DNA damage, repair and cell death signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:29-39. [PMID: 28143714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroethylating nitrosoureas (CNU), such as lomustine, nimustine, semustine, carmustine and fotemustine are used for the treatment of malignant gliomas, brain metastases of different origin, melanomas and Hodgkin disease. They alkylate the DNA bases and give rise to the formation of monoadducts and subsequently interstrand crosslinks (ICL). ICL are critical cytotoxic DNA lesions that link the DNA strands covalently and block DNA replication and transcription. As a result, S phase progression is inhibited and cells are triggered to undergo apoptosis and necrosis, which both contribute to the effectiveness of CNU-based cancer therapy. However, tumor cells resist chemotherapy through the repair of CNU-induced DNA damage. The suicide enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes the precursor DNA lesion O6-chloroethylguanine prior to its conversion into ICL. In cells lacking MGMT, the formed ICL evoke complex enzymatic networks to accomplish their removal. Here we discuss the mechanism of ICL repair as a survival strategy of healthy and cancer cells and DNA damage signaling as a mechanism contributing to CNU-induced cell death. We also discuss therapeutic implications and strategies based on sequential and simultaneous treatment with CNU and the methylating drug temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wynand P Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Herwig M Strik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Baldinger Strasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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31
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Dezest M, Chavatte L, Bourdens M, Quinton D, Camus M, Garrigues L, Descargues P, Arbault S, Burlet-Schiltz O, Casteilla L, Clément F, Planat V, Bulteau AL. Mechanistic insights into the impact of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on human epithelial cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41163. [PMID: 28120925 PMCID: PMC5264585 DOI: 10.1038/srep41163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAPP) has potential as a new cancer therapy. However, knowledge about cellular signaling events and toxicity subsequent to plasma treatment is still poorly documented. The aim of this study was to focus on the interaction between 3 different types of plasma (He, He-O2, He-N2) and human epithelial cell lines to gain better insight into plasma-cell interaction. We provide evidence that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are inducing cell death by apoptosis and that the proteasome, a major intracellular proteolytic system which is important for tumor cell growth and survival, is a target of (He or He-N2) CAPP. However, RONS are not the only actors involved in cell death; electric field and charged particles could play a significant role especially for He-O2 CAPP. By differential label-free quantitative proteomic analysis we found that CAPP triggers antioxidant and cellular defense but is also affecting extracellular matrix in keratinocytes. Moreover, we found that malignant cells are more resistant to CAPP treatment than normal cells. Taken together, our findings provide insight into potential mechanisms of CAPP-induced proteasome inactivation and the cellular consequences of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Dezest
- IPREM, UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- IPREM, UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Marion Bourdens
- STROMALAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, INSERM U1031, BP31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Damien Quinton
- Univ. BORDEAUX, ISM. CNRS UMR 5255 NSysA group, ENSCBP, Pessac, 33607, France
| | - Mylène Camus
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Luc Garrigues
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | | | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. BORDEAUX, ISM. CNRS UMR 5255 NSysA group, ENSCBP, Pessac, 33607, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, INSERM U1031, BP31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Franck Clément
- IPREM, UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Valérie Planat
- STROMALAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, INSERM U1031, BP31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- IPREM, UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000, Pau, France
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32
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Redmer T, Walz I, Klinger B, Khouja S, Welte Y, Schäfer R, Regenbrecht C. The role of the cancer stem cell marker CD271 in DNA damage response and drug resistance of melanoma cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e291. [PMID: 28112719 PMCID: PMC5294251 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have suggested that stemness and acquired resistance to targeted inhibitors or chemotherapeutics are mechanistically linked. Here we observed high cell surface and total levels of nerve growth factor receptor/CD271, a marker of melanoma-initiating cells, in sub-populations of chemoresistant cell lines. CD271 expression was increased in drug-sensitive cells but not resistant cells in response to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics etoposide, fotemustine and cisplatin. Comparative analysis of melanoma cells engineered to stably express CD271 or a targeting short hairpin RNA by expression profiling provided numerous genes regulated in a CD271-dependent manner. In-depth analysis of CD271-responsive genes uncovered the association of CD271 with regulation of DNA repair components. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of CD271-responsive genes in drug-resistant cells, among them DNA repair components. Moreover, our comparative screen identified the fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) as a target of CD271, highly expressed in chemoresistant cells. Further we show that levels of CD271 determine drug response. Knock-down of CD271 in fotemustine-resistant cells decreased expression of FGF13 and at least partly restored sensitivity to fotemustine. Together, we demonstrate that expression of CD271 is responsible for genes associated with DNA repair and drug response. Further, we identified 110 CD271-responsive genes predominantly expressed in melanoma metastases, among them were NEK2, TOP2A and RAD51AP1 as potential drivers of melanoma metastasis. In addition, we provide mechanistic insight in the regulation of CD271 in response to drugs. We found that CD271 is potentially regulated by p53 and in turn is needed for a proper p53-dependent response to DNA-damaging drugs. In summary, we provide for the first time insight in a CD271-associated signaling network connecting CD271 with DNA repair, drug response and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Redmer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Klinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Khouja
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Welte
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Schäfer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Regenbrecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,CPO-Cellular Phenomics and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Roos WP, Krumm A. The multifaceted influence of histone deacetylases on DNA damage signalling and DNA repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10017-10030. [PMID: 27738139 PMCID: PMC5137451 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone/protein deacetylases play multiple roles in regulating gene expression and protein activation and stability. Their deregulation during cancer initiation and progression cause resistance to therapy. Here, we review the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the NAD+ dependent sirtuins (SIRTs) in the DNA damage response (DDR). These lysine deacetylases contribute to DNA repair by base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR) and interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. Furthermore, we discuss possible mechanisms whereby these histone/protein deacetylases facilitate the switch between DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, how SIRTs play a central role in the crosstalk between DNA repair and cell death pathways due to their dependence on NAD+, and the influence of small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on cancer cell resistance to genotoxin based therapies. Throughout the review, we endeavor to identify the specific HDAC targeted by HDACi leading to therapy sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand Paul Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Krumm
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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34
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Kramer D, Stark N, Schulz-Heddergott R, Erytch N, Edmunds S, Roßmann L, Bastians H, Concin N, Moll UM, Dobbelstein M. Strong antitumor synergy between DNA crosslinking and HSP90 inhibition causes massive premitotic DNA fragmentation in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:300-316. [PMID: 27834954 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
All current regimens for treating ovarian cancer center around carboplatin as standard first line. The HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib is currently being assessed in advanced clinical oncology trials. Thus, we tested the combined effects of ganetespib and carboplatin on a panel of 15 human ovarian cancer lines. Strikingly, the two drugs strongly synergized in cytotoxicity in tumor cells lacking wild-type p53. Mechanistically, ganetespib and carboplatin in combination, but not individually, induced persistent DNA damage causing massive global chromosome fragmentation. Live-cell microscopy revealed chromosome fragmentation occurring to a dramatic degree when cells condensed their chromatin in preparation for mitosis, followed by cell death in mitosis or upon aberrant exit from mitosis. HSP90 inhibition caused the rapid decay of key components of the Fanconi anemia pathway required for repair of carboplatin-induced interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), as well as of cell cycle checkpoint mediators. Overexpressing FancA rescued the DNA damage induced by the drug combination, indicating that FancA is indeed a key client of Hsp90 that enables cancer cell survival in the presence of ICLs. Conversely, depletion of nuclease DNA2 prevented chromosomal fragmentation, pointing to an imbalance of defective repair in the face of uncontrolled nuclease activity as mechanistic basis for the observed premitotic DNA fragmentation. Importantly, the drug combination induced robust antitumor activity in xenograft models, again accompanied with depletion of FancA. In sum, our findings indicate that ganetespib strongly potentiates the antitumor efficacy of carboplatin by causing combined inhibition of DNA repair and cell cycle control mechanisms, thus triggering global chromosome disruption, aberrant mitosis and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kramer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Nadine Stark
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Ramona Schulz-Heddergott
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Norman Erytch
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Shelley Edmunds
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Laura Roßmann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute M Moll
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
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Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Guardian of the Genome against Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111840. [PMID: 27827925 PMCID: PMC5133840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight represents a constant threat to genome stability by generating modified DNA bases such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP). If unrepaired, these lesions can have deleterious effects, including skin cancer. Mammalian cells are able to neutralize UV-induced photolesions through nucleotide excision repair (NER). The NER pathway has multiple components including seven xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins (XPA to XPG) and numerous auxiliary factors, including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase and RCC1 like domain (RLD) and homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2). In this review we highlight recent data on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of NER activity.
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36
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Perucca P, Sommatis S, Mocchi R, Prosperi E, Stivala LA, Cazzalini O. A DDB2 mutant protein unable to interact with PCNA promotes cell cycle progression of human transformed embryonic kidney cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3920-8. [PMID: 26697842 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage binding protein 2 (DDB2) is a protein involved in the early step of DNA damage recognition of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process. Recently, it has been suggested that DDB2 may play a role in DNA replication, based on its ability to promote cell proliferation. We have previously shown that DDB2 binds PCNA during NER, but also in the absence of DNA damage; however, whether and how this interaction influences cell proliferation is not known. In this study, we have addressed this question by using HEK293 cell clones stably expressing DDB2(Wt) protein, or a mutant form (DDB2(Mut)) unable to interact with PCNA. We report that overexpression of the DDB2(Mut) protein provides a proliferative advantage over the wild type form, by influencing cell cycle progression. In particular, an increase in the number of S-phase cells, together with a reduction in p21(CDKN1A) protein level, and a shorter cell cycle length, has been observed in the DDB2(Mut) cells. These results suggest that DDB2 influences cell cycle progression thanks to its interaction with PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perucca
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare ; Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale; Università di Pavia ; Pavia , Italy
| | - Sabrina Sommatis
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare ; Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale; Università di Pavia ; Pavia , Italy
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare ; Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale; Università di Pavia ; Pavia , Italy
| | - Ennio Prosperi
- b Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM) del CNR ; Pavia , Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Stivala
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare ; Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale; Università di Pavia ; Pavia , Italy
| | - Ornella Cazzalini
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare ; Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale; Università di Pavia ; Pavia , Italy
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Mallet JD, Dorr MM, Drigeard Desgarnier MC, Bastien N, Gendron SP, Rochette PJ. Faster DNA Repair of Ultraviolet-Induced Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers and Lower Sensitivity to Apoptosis in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells than in Epidermal Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162212. [PMID: 27611318 PMCID: PMC5017652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Absorption of UV rays by DNA generates the formation of mutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP). These damages are the major cause of skin cancer because in turn, they can lead to signature UV mutations. The eye is exposed to UV light, but the cornea is orders of magnitude less prone to UV-induced cancer. In an attempt to shed light on this paradox, we compared cells of the corneal epithelium and the epidermis for UVB-induced DNA damage frequency, repair and cell death sensitivity. We found similar CPD levels but a 4-time faster UVB-induced CPD, but not 6-4PP, repair and lower UV-induced apoptosis sensitivity in corneal epithelial cells than epidermal. We then investigated levels of DDB2, a UV-induced DNA damage recognition protein mostly impacting CPD repair, XPC, essential for the repair of both CPD and 6-4PP and p53 a protein upstream of the genotoxic stress response. We found more DDB2, XPC and p53 in corneal epithelial cells than in epidermal cells. According to our results analyzing the protein stability of DDB2 and XPC, the higher level of DDB2 and XPC in corneal epithelial cells is most likely due to an increased stability of the protein. Taken together, our results show that corneal epithelial cells have a better efficiency to repair UV-induced mutagenic CPD. On the other hand, they are less prone to UV-induced apoptosis, which could be related to the fact that since the repair is more efficient in the HCEC, the need to eliminate highly damaged cells by apoptosis is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Mallet
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—chirurgie cervico-faciale, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie M. Dorr
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—chirurgie cervico-faciale, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Catherine Drigeard Desgarnier
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—chirurgie cervico-faciale, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—chirurgie cervico-faciale, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien P. Gendron
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—chirurgie cervico-faciale, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Rochette
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—chirurgie cervico-faciale, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Apoptosis induced by temozolomide and nimustine in glioblastoma cells is supported by JNK/c-Jun-mediated induction of the BH3-only protein BIM. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33755-68. [PMID: 26418950 PMCID: PMC4741800 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of cancer therapy strongly depends on the complex network of cell signaling pathways, including transcription factor activation following drug exposure. Here we assessed whether and how the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade and its downstream target, the transcription factor AP-1, influence the sensitivity of malignant glioma cells to the anticancer drugs temozolomide (TMZ) and nimustine (ACNU). Both drugs induce apoptosis in glioma cells at late times following treatment. Activation of the MAPK cascade precedes apoptosis, as shown by phosphorylation of Jun kinase (JNK) and c-Jun, a main component of AP-1. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA mediated knockdown of JNK and c-Jun reduced the level of apoptosis in LN-229 glioma cells treated with TMZ or ACNU. Analyzing the underlying molecular mechanism, we identified the pro-apoptotic gene BIM as a critical target of AP-1, which is upregulated following TMZ and ACNU. Importantly, shRNA mediated downregulation of BIM in the malignant glioma cell lines LN-229 and U87MG led to an attenuated cleavage of caspase-9 and, consequently, reduced the level of apoptosis following TMZ and ACNU treatment. Overall, we identified JNK/c-Jun activation and BIM induction as a late pro-apoptotic response of glioma cells treated with alkylating anticancer drugs.
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Holcomb N, Goswami M, Han SG, Clark S, Orren DK, Gairola CG, Mellon I. Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Tobacco Smoke Condensate Inhibits the Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158858. [PMID: 27391141 PMCID: PMC4938567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. Although the DNA damaging properties of tobacco smoke have been well documented, relatively few studies have examined its effect on DNA repair pathways. This is especially true for the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway which recognizes and removes many structurally diverse DNA lesions, including those introduced by chemical carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tobacco smoke on NER in human lung cells. We studied the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), a surrogate for tobacco smoke, on the NER pathway in two different human lung cell lines; IMR-90 lung fibroblasts and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. To measure NER, we employed a slot-blot assay to quantify the introduction and removal of UV light-induced 6–4 photoproducts and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. We find a dose-dependent inhibition of 6–4 photoproduct repair in both cell lines treated with CSC. Additionally, the impact of CSC on the abundance of various NER proteins and their respective RNAs was investigated. The abundance of XPC protein, which is required for functional NER, is significantly reduced by treatment with CSC while the abundance of XPA protein, also required for NER, is unaffected. Both XPC and XPA RNA levels are modestly reduced by CSC treatment. Finally, treatment of cells with MG-132 abrogates the reduction in the abundance of XPC protein produced by treatment with CSC, suggesting that CSC enhances proteasome-dependent turnover of the protein that is mediated by ubiquitination. Together, these findings indicate that tobacco smoke can inhibit the same DNA repair pathway that is also essential for the removal of some of the carcinogenic DNA damage introduced by smoke itself, increasing the DNA damage burden of cells exposed to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Holcomb
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mamta Goswami
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Clark
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David K. Orren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - C. Gary Gairola
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Isabel Mellon
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Krumm A, Barckhausen C, Kücük P, Tomaszowski KH, Loquai C, Fahrer J, Krämer OH, Kaina B, Roos WP. Enhanced Histone Deacetylase Activity in Malignant Melanoma Provokes RAD51 and FANCD2-Triggered Drug Resistance. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3067-77. [PMID: 26980768 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damaging anticancer drugs remain a part of metastatic melanoma therapy. Epigenetic reprogramming caused by increased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity arising during tumor formation may contribute to resistance of melanomas to the alkylating drugs temozolomide, dacarbazine, and fotemustine. Here, we report on the impact of class I HDACs on the response of malignant melanoma cells treated with alkylating agents. The data show that malignant melanomas in situ contain a high level of HDAC1/2 and malignant melanoma cells overexpress HDAC1/2/3 compared with noncancer cells. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of class I HDACs sensitizes malignant melanoma cells to apoptosis following exposure to alkylating agents, while not affecting primary melanocytes. Inhibition of HDAC1/2/3 caused sensitization of melanoma cells to temozolomide in vitro and in melanoma xenografts in vivo HDAC1/2/3 inhibition resulted in suppression of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination because of downregulation of RAD51 and FANCD2. This sensitized cells to the cytotoxic DNA lesion O(6)-methylguanine and caused a synthetic lethal interaction with the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib. Furthermore, knockdown experiments identified HDAC2 as being responsible for the regulation of RAD51. The influence of class I HDACs on DSB repair by homologous recombination and the possible clinical implication on malignant melanoma therapy with temozolomide and other alkylating drugs suggests a combination approach where class I HDAC inhibitors such as valproic acid or MS-275 (entinostat) appear to counteract HDAC- and RAD51/FANCD2-mediated melanoma cell resistance. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3067-77. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krumm
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Pelin Kücük
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wynand Paul Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Abstract
DNA is vulnerable to damage resulting from endogenous metabolites, environmental and dietary carcinogens, some anti-inflammatory drugs, and genotoxic cancer therapeutics. Cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex signalling networks that decide cell fate, promoting not only DNA repair and survival but also cell death. The decision between cell survival and death following DNA damage rests on factors that are involved in DNA damage recognition, and DNA repair and damage tolerance, as well as on factors involved in the activation of apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and senescence. The pathways that dictate cell fate are entwined and have key roles in cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, they determine the outcome of cancer therapy with genotoxic drugs. Understanding the molecular basis of these pathways is important not only for gaining insight into carcinogenesis, but also in promoting successful cancer therapy. In this Review, we describe key decision-making nodes in the complex interplay between cell survival and death following DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand P Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Adam D Thomas
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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Roos WP, Quiros S, Krumm A, Merz S, Switzeny OJ, Christmann M, Loquai C, Kaina B. B-Raf inhibitor vemurafenib in combination with temozolomide and fotemustine in the killing response of malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12607-20. [PMID: 25557167 PMCID: PMC4350346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of metastatic melanoma, a highly therapy-refractory cancer, alkylating agents are used and, for the subgroup of BRAFV600E cancers, the B-Raf inhibitor vemurafenib. Although vemurafenib is initially beneficial, development of drug resistance occurs leading to tumor relapse, which necessitates the requirement for combined or sequential therapy with other drugs, including genotoxic alkylating agents. This leads to the question whether vemurafenib and alkylating agents act synergistically and whether chronic vemurafenib treatment alters the melanoma cell response to alkylating agents. Here we show that a) BRAFV600E melanoma cells are killed by vemurafenib, driving apoptosis, b) BRAFV600E melanoma cells are neither more resistant nor sensitive to temozolomide/fotemustine than non-mutant cells, c) combined treatment with vemurafenib plus temozolomide or fotemustine has an additive effect on cell kill, d) acquired vemurafenib resistance of BRAFV600E melanoma cells does not affect MGMT, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and MLH1, nor does it affect the resistance to temozolomide and fotemustine, e) metastatic melanoma biopsies obtained from patients prior to and after vemurafenib treatment did not show a change in the MGMT promoter methylation status and MGMT expression level. The data suggest that consecutive treatment with vemurafenib and alkylating drugs is a reasonable strategy for metastatic melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand P Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steve Quiros
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Krumm
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University Center, Mainz, Germany
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Lashmanova E, Proshkina E, Zhikrivetskaya S, Shevchenko O, Marusich E, Leonov S, Melerzanov A, Zhavoronkov A, Moskalev A. Fucoxanthin increases lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:228-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ramos AA, Prata-Sena M, Castro-Carvalho B, Dethoup T, Buttachon S, Kijjoa A, Rocha E. Potential of four marine-derived fungi extracts as anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing agents in seven human cancer cell lines. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:798-806. [PMID: 26522294 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of crude ethyl acetate extracts of the culture of four marine-derived fungi Aspergillus similanensis KUFA 0013 (E1), Neosartorya paulistensis KUFC 7897 (E2), Neosartorya siamensis KUFA 0017 (E4) and Talaromyces trachyspermus KUFC 0021 (E3) on a panel of seven human cancer cell lines. METHODS Effects on cell proliferation, induction of DNA damage and cell death were assessed by MTT and clonogenic assays, comet assay and nuclear condensation assay, respectively. RESULTS The proliferation of HepG2, HCT116 and A375 cells decreased after incubation with the extracts E2 and E4. The anti-proliferative effect was confirmed by morphologic alterations and by clonogenic assay. Both extracts also induced cell death in HepG2 and HCT116 cells. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control and showed in vitro anticancer activity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated, for the first time, that extracts of Neosartorya paulistensis and Neosartorya siamensis have selective anti-proliferative and cell death activities in HepG2, HCT16 and A375 cells. The bioactivity of these extracts suggests a potential for biotechnological applications and substantiates that both should be further considered for the elucidation of the molecular targets and signal transduction pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abreu Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua dos Bragas, nº 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Prata-Sena
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua dos Bragas, nº 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Castro-Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua dos Bragas, nº 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tida Dethoup
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradet Buttachon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua dos Bragas, nº 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua dos Bragas, nº 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua dos Bragas, nº 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Nie J, Peng C, Pei W, Zhu W, Zhang S, Cao H, Qi X, Tong J, Jiao Y. A novel role of long non-coding RNAs in response to X-ray irradiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:536-44. [PMID: 26363204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the role of lncRNAs in response to radiation-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress were explored to improve our understanding of the biological pathways activated upon radiation-induced toxicity. The toxicity of X-ray radiation on human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBE) was determined through a dose-dependent increase in ROS production and γ-H2AX formation and changes to lncRNA expression was observed and quantified using lncRNA-specific microarrays. 115 lncRNAs expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner following X-ray irradiation. Bioinformatic prediction algorithms determined that these lncRNAs significantly affect the p53 signaling pathway, and, more specifically, the BRCA 1 transcription factor and coding genes adjacent to BRCA 1. Our results highlight a previously uncharacterized role for lncRNAs to act via the p53-pathway in response to X-ray-induced DNA damage, and suggest lncRNAs may serve as novel indicators for radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China; School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaojun Peng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Pei
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China; Department of Radiation Genetics, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,P. R. China.
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DDB2 is involved in ubiquitination and degradation of PAQR3 and regulates tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells. Biochem J 2015. [PMID: 26205499 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DDB2 (damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2) is the product of the xeroderma pigmentosum group E gene which is involved in the initiation of nucleotide excision repair via an ubiquitin ligase complex together with DDB1 and CUL4A (cullin 4A). PAQR3 (progestin and adipoQ receptor family member III) is a newly discovered tumour suppressor that is implicated in the development of many types of human cancers. In the present paper, we report that DDB2 is involved in ubiquitination and degradation of PAQR3. DDB2 is able to interact with PAQR3 in vivo and in vitro. Both overexpression and knockdown experiments reveal that the protein expression level, protein stability and polyubiquitination of PAQR3 are changed by DDB2. Negative regulation of EGF (epidermal growth factor)- and insulin-induced signalling by PAQR3 is also altered by DDB2. At the molecular level, Lys(61) of PAQR3 is targeted by DDB2 for ubiquitination. The cell proliferation rate and migration of gastric cancer cells are inhibited by DDB2 knockdown and such effects are abrogated by PAQR3 knockdown, indicating that the effect of DDB2 on the cancer cells is mediated by PAQR3. Collectively, our studies not only pinpoint that DDB2 is a post-translational regulator of PAQR3, but also indicate that DDB2 may play an active role in tumorigenesis via regulating PAQR3.
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Thomas AD, Fahrer J, Johnson GE, Kaina B. Theoretical considerations for thresholds in chemical carcinogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 765:56-67. [PMID: 26281768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for non-linear relationships for gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations and even tumor incidences in response to low doses of genotoxic carcinogens. To attain the biological relevance of such non-linear responses, there is a need to identify the underlying defense mechanisms that allow tolerance to low doses of genotoxicants. This communication discusses presumptive cancer prevention mechanisms that may contribute to thresholds, i.e. points of departure, for each endpoint, from initial DNA lesion to tumor formation. We discuss a sequential order of genome protection during carcinogenesis where genotoxicant scavenging, cellular efflux, DNA repair, elimination of damaged cells by apoptosis, autophagy, silencing by DNA damage-triggered replicative senescence, and finally, elimination of transformed (premalignant) cells by the immune system are thought to be responsible for a threshold in tumor formation. We highlight DNA repair, for which experimental evidence has been recently provided to dictate a role in PoDs. In conclusion, from a theoretical perspective it is reasonable to posit that tolerance to low dose levels exists for each requisite step of tumor formation and these tolerance mechanisms are critical in determining thresholds in chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Thomas
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - George E Johnson
- Institue of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany.
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Maachani UB, Kramp T, Hanson R, Zhao S, Celiku O, Shankavaram U, Colombo R, Caplen NJ, Camphausen K, Tandle A. Targeting MPS1 Enhances Radiosensitization of Human Glioblastoma by Modulating DNA Repair Proteins. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:852-62. [PMID: 25722303 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0462-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To ensure faithful chromosome segregation, cells use the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which can be activated in aneuploid cancer cells. Targeting the components of SAC machinery required for the growth of aneuploid cells may offer a cancer cell-specific therapeutic approach. In this study, the effects of inhibiting Monopolar spindle 1, MPS1 (TTK), an essential SAC kinase, on the radiosensitization of glioblastoma (GBM) cells were analyzed. Clonogenic survival was used to determine the effects of the MPS1 inhibitor NMS-P715 on radiosensitivity in multiple model systems, including GBM cell lines, a normal astrocyte, and a normal fibroblast cell line. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) were evaluated using γH2AX foci, and cell death was measured by mitotic catastrophe evaluation. Transcriptome analysis was performed via unbiased microarray expression profiling. Tumor xenografts grown from GBM cells were used in tumor growth delay studies. Inhibition of MPS1 activity resulted in reduced GBM cell proliferation. Furthermore, NMS-P715 enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM cells by decreased repair of DSBs and induction of postradiation mitotic catastrophe. NMS-P715 in combination with fractionated doses of radiation significantly enhanced the tumor growth delay. Molecular profiling of MPS1-silenced GBM cells showed an altered expression of transcripts associated with DNA damage, repair, and replication, including the DNA-dependent protein kinase (PRKDC/DNAPK). Next, inhibition of MPS1 blocked two important DNA repair pathways. In conclusion, these results not only highlight a role for MPS1 kinase in DNA repair and as prognostic marker but also indicate it as a viable option in glioblastoma therapy. IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of MPS1 kinase in combination with radiation represents a promising new approach for glioblastoma and for other cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Bhanu Maachani
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamalee Kramp
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ryan Hanson
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shuping Zhao
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Natasha J Caplen
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anita Tandle
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Mehta MP, Wang D, Wang F, Kleinberg L, Brade A, Robins HI, Turaka A, Leahy T, Medina D, Xiong H, Mostafa NM, Dunbar M, Zhu M, Qian J, Holen K, Giranda V, Curran WJ. Veliparib in combination with whole brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases: results of a phase 1 study. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Walter RFH, Mairinger FD, Ting S, Vollbrecht C, Mairinger T, Theegarten D, Christoph DC, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J. MDM2 is an important prognostic and predictive factor for platin-pemetrexed therapy in malignant pleural mesotheliomas and deregulation of P14/ARF (encoded by CDKN2A) seems to contribute to an MDM2-driven inactivation of P53. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:883-90. [PMID: 25668009 PMCID: PMC4453955 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumour that is
first-line treated with a combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed. Until
now, predictive and prognostic biomarkers are lacking, making it a
non-tailored therapy regimen with unknown outcome. P53 is frequently
inactivated in MPM, but mutations are extremely rare. MDM2 and P14/ARF
are upstream regulators of P53 that may contribute to P53 inactivation. Methods: A total of 72 MPM patients were investigated. MDM2 immunoexpression was
assessed in 65 patients. MDM2 and P14/ARF mRNA
expression was analysed in 48 patients of the overall collective. The
expression results were correlated to overall survival (OS) and
progression-free survival (PFS). Results: OS and PFS correlated highly significantly with MDM2 mRNA and protein
expression, showing a dismal prognosis for patients with elevated MDM2
expression (for OS: Score (logrank) test: P⩽0.002, and for PFS:
Score (logrank) test; P<0.007). MDM2 was identified as robust
prognostic and predictive biomarker for MPM on the mRNA and protein level.
P14/ARF mRNA expression reached no statistical
significance, but Kaplan–Meier curves distinguished patients with low
P14/ARF expression and hence shorter survival from patients
with higher expression and prolonged survival. Conclusions: MDM2 is a prognostic and predictive marker for a platin–pemetrexed
therapy of patients with MPMs. Downregulation of P14/ARF expression
seems to contribute to MDM2-overexpression-mediated P53 inactivation in MPM
patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F H Walter
- 1] Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Tüschener Weg 40, Essen D-45239, Germany [2] Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F D Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C Vollbrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Mairinger
- Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D C Christoph
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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