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Fu Z, Sun G, Li J, Yu H. Identification of hub genes related to metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma and establishment of a prognostic model with bioinformatic methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38470. [PMID: 38847690 PMCID: PMC11155596 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor occurring in children and adolescents. Improvements in our understanding of the OS pathogenesis and metastatic mechanism on the molecular level might lead to notable advances in the treatment and prognosis of OS. Biomarkers related to OS metastasis and prognosis were analyzed and identified, and a prognostic model was established through the integration of bioinformatics tools and datasets in multiple databases. 2 OS datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for data consolidation, standardization, batch effect correction, and identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); following that, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs; the STRING database was subsequently used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and identification of hub genes; hub gene expression was validated, and survival analysis was conducted through the employment of the TARGET database; finally, a prognostic model was established and evaluated subsequent to the screening of survival-related genes. A total of 701 DEGs were identified; by gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, the overlapping DEGs were enriched for 249 biological process terms, 13 cellular component terms, 35 molecular function terms, and 4 KEGG pathways; 13 hub genes were selected from the PPI network; 6 survival-related genes were identified by the survival analysis; the prognostic model suggested that 4 genes were strongly associated with the prognosis of OS. DEGs related to OS metastasis and survival were identified through bioinformatics analysis, and hub genes were further selected to establish an ideal prognostic model for OS patients. On this basis, 4 protective genes including TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 were yielded by the prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guofeng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
| | - Jingtian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
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2
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Sharma P, Guo A, Poudel S, Boada-Romero E, Verbist KC, Palacios G, Immadisetty K, Chen MJ, Haydar D, Mishra A, Peng J, Madan Babu M, Krenciute G, Glazer ES, Green DR. Rapid metabolic regulation of a novel arginine methylation of KCa3.1 attenuates T cell exhaustion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593421. [PMID: 38798680 PMCID: PMC11118966 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is linked to persistent antigen exposure and perturbed activation events, correlating with poor disease prognosis. Tumor-mediated T cell exhaustion is well documented; however, how the nutrient-deprived tumor niche affects T cell receptor (TCR) activation is largely unclear. We show that methionine metabolism licenses optimal TCR signaling by regulating the protein arginine methylome, and limiting methionine availability during early TCR signaling promotes subsequent T cell exhaustion. We discovered a novel arginine methylation of a Ca 2+ -activated potassium transporter, KCa3.1, prevention of which results in increased Ca 2+ -mediated NFAT1 activation, NFAT1 promoter occupancy, and T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, methionine supplementation reduces nuclear NFAT1 in tumor-infiltrating T cells and augments their anti-tumor activity. These findings demonstrate metabolic regulation of T cell exhaustion determined during TCR engagement.
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3
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Ringwalt EM, Currier MA, Glaspell AM, Chen CY, Cannon MV, Cam M, Gross AC, Gust M, Wang PY, Boon L, Biederman LE, Schwarz E, Rajappa P, Lee DA, Mardis ER, Carson WE, Roberts RD, Cripe TP. Trabectedin Enhances Oncolytic Virotherapy by Reducing Barriers to Virus Spread and Cytotoxic Immunity in Preclinical Pediatric Bone Sarcoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.582994. [PMID: 38464161 PMCID: PMC10925327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.582994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported that the DNA alkylator and transcriptional-blocking chemotherapeutic agent trabectedin enhances oncolytic herpes simplex viroimmunotherapy in human sarcoma xenograft models, though the mechanism remained to be elucidated. Here we report trabectedin disrupts the intrinsic cellular anti-viral response which increases viral transcript spread throughout the human tumor cells. We also extended our synergy findings to syngeneic murine sarcoma models, which are poorly susceptible to virus infection. In the absence of robust virus replication, we found trabectedin enhanced viroimmunotherapy efficacy by reducing immunosuppressive macrophages and stimulating granzyme expression in infiltrating T and NK cells to cause immune-mediated tumor regressions. Thus, trabectedin enhances both the direct virus-mediated killing of tumor cells and the viral-induced activation of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes to cause tumor regressions across models. Our data provide a strong rationale for clinical translation as both mechanisms should be simultaneously active in human patients.
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4
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Ke S, Pan Q, Wang C, Su Z, Li M, Liu X. NKD2 Trigger NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Facilitates Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1846-1856. [PMID: 36820951 PMCID: PMC10518272 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
NKD inhibitor of WNT signaling pathway 2 (NKD2) is an emerging player in cancer onset and progression. Here, it was confirmed that THCA patients have robustly expressed NKD2, which was linked to an advanced pathologic stage. The prognosis was worse for those with high NKD2 levels. Functionally, ectopically produced NKD2 promotes THCA cell proliferation, whereas NKD2 knockdown impairs the ability of THCA cells to proliferate. Mechanically, ectopically expressed NKD2 activated NF-κB transcriptional activity, whereas NKD2-deficient THCA cells showed lower NF-κB transcriptional activity. As a result, NKD2 activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, encouraging the growth of THCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Ke
- Department of Throid Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qunxiong Pan
- Department of Throid Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Congren Wang
- Department of Throid Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zijian Su
- Department of Throid Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Throid Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Throid Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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5
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Nirala BK, Patel TD, Kurenbekova L, Shuck R, Dasgupta A, Rainusso N, Coarfa C, Yustein JT. MYC regulates CSF1 expression via microRNA 17/20a to modulate tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164947. [PMID: 37279073 PMCID: PMC10371352 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor of childhood. Approximately 20%-30% of OSs carry amplification of chromosome 8q24, which harbors the oncogene c-MYC and correlates with a poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms that underlie the ability of MYC to alter both the tumor and its surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), we generated and molecularly characterized an osteoblast-specific Cre-Lox-Stop-Lox-c-MycT58A p53fl/+ knockin genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Phenotypically, the Myc-knockin GEMM had rapid tumor development with a high incidence of metastasis. MYC-dependent gene signatures in our murine model demonstrated significant homology to the human hyperactivated MYC OS. We established that hyperactivation of MYC led to an immune-depleted TME in OS demonstrated by the reduced number of leukocytes, particularly macrophages. MYC hyperactivation led to the downregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, through increased microRNA 17/20a expression, causing a reduction of macrophage population in the TME of OS. Furthermore, we developed cell lines from the GEMM tumors, including a degradation tag-MYC model system, which validated our MYC-dependent findings both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies utilized innovative and clinically relevant models to identify a potentially novel molecular mechanism through which MYC regulates the profile and function of the OS immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K. Nirala
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Tajhal D. Patel
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Lyazat Kurenbekova
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Ryan Shuck
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Atreyi Dasgupta
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, and
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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6
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Todosenko N, Khlusov I, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Litvinova L. Signal Pathways and microRNAs in Osteosarcoma Growth and the Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108993. [PMID: 37240338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenges in Osteosarcoma (OS) therapy are its heterogeneity and drug resistance. The development of new therapeutic approaches to overcome the major growth mechanisms of OS is urgently needed. The search for specific molecular targets and promising innovative approaches in OS therapy, including drug delivery methods, is an urgent problem. Modern regenerative medicine focuses on harnessing the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because they have low immunogenicity. MSCs are important cells that have received considerable attention in cancer research. Currently, new cell-based methods for using MSCs in medicine are being actively investigated and tested, especially as carriers for chemotherapeutics, nanoparticles, and photosensitizers. However, despite the inexhaustible regenerative potential and known anticancer properties of MSCs, they may trigger the development and progression of bone tumors. A better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of OS pathogenesis is essential to identify novel molecular effectors involved in oncogenesis. The current review focuses on signaling pathways and miRNAs involved in the development of OS and describes the role of MSCs in oncogenesis and their potential for antitumor cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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7
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Nelson AR, Bugg D, Davis J, Saucerman JJ. Network model integrated with multi-omic data predicts MBNL1 signals that drive myofibroblast activation. iScience 2023; 26:106502. [PMID: 37091233 PMCID: PMC10119756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein muscleblind-like1 (MBNL1) was recently identified as a central regulator of cardiac wound healing and myofibroblast activation. To identify putative MBNL1 targets, we integrated multiple genome-wide screens with a fibroblast network model. We expanded the model to include putative MBNL1-target interactions and recapitulated published experimental results to validate new signaling modules. We prioritized 14 MBNL1 targets and developed novel fibroblast signaling modules for p38 MAPK, Hippo, Runx1, and Sox9 pathways. We experimentally validated MBNL1 regulation of p38 expression in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Using the expanded fibroblast model, we predicted a hierarchy of MBNL1 regulated pathways with strong influence on αSMA expression. This study lays a foundation to explore the network mechanisms of MBNL1 signaling central to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders R. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Pinn Hall, 5th Floor, PO Box 800735, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Darrian Bugg
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, PO Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, PO Box 358056, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA
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8
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Cai Y, Su H, Si Y, Ni N. Machine learning-based prediction of diagnostic markers for Graves' orbitopathy. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03349-z. [PMID: 37059863 PMCID: PMC10293385 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is still unclear, and abnormal DNA methylation in TAO has been reported. Thus, selecting and exploring TAO biomarkers associated with DNA methylation may provide a reference for new therapeutic targets. METHODS The TAO-associated expression data and methylation data were downloaded from The Gene Expression Omnibus database. Firstly, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to obtain the TAO-related genes, which were intersected with differentially methylated genes (DMGs), and differentially expressed genes between TAO samples and normal samples to obtain TAO-associated DMGs (TA-DMGs). Thereafter, the functions of the TA-DMGs were analyzed, and diagnostic markers were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis and support vector machine (SVM) analysis. The expression levels and diagnostic values of the diagnostic markers were also analyzed. Furthermore, single gene pathway enrichment analysis was performed for each diagnostic marker separately using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software. Next, we also performed immune infiltration analysis for each sample in the GSE58331 dataset using the single-sample GSEA algorithm, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and differential immune cells was explored. Lastly, the expressions of diagnostic markers were explored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS A total of 125 TA-DMGs were obtained. The enrichment analysis results indicated that these TA-DMGs were mainly involved in immune-related pathways, such as Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and the regulation of innate immune response. Moreover, two diagnostic markers, including S100A11 and NKD2, were obtained by Lasso regression analysis and SVM analysis. Single gene pathway enrichment analysis showed that S100A11 was involved in protein polyufmylation, pancreatic-mediated proteolysis, and NKD2 was involved in innate immune response in mucosa, Wnt signaling pathway, etc. Meanwhile, immune cell infiltration analysis screened 12 immune cells, including CD56 dim natural killer cells and Neutrophil cells that significantly differed between TAO and normal samples, with the strongest positive correlation between NKD2 and CD56 dim natural killer cells. Finally, the qRT-PCR illustrated the expressions of NKD2 and S100A11 between normal and TAO. CONCLUSION NKD2 and S100A11 were screened as biomarkers of TAO and might be regulated by DNA methylation in TAO, providing a new reference for the diagnosis and treatment of TAO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Provence, China
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Provence, China.
| | - Yongting Si
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Provence, China
| | - Ninghua Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, Yunnan Provence, China
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9
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Farnood PR, Pazhooh RD, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Targeting Signaling Pathway by Curcumin in Osteosarcoma. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:71-82. [PMID: 35400349 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220408104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent primary bone malignancy among children and adolescents is osteosarcoma. The high mortality rate of osteosarcoma is due to lung metastasis. Despite the development of multi-agent chemotherapy and surgical resection, patients with osteosarcoma have a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic agents to improve the 5-year survival rate of these patients. Curcumin, a phytochemical compound derived from Curcuma longa, has been employed in treating several types of cancers through various mechanisms. Also, in vitro studies have demonstrated that curcumin could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Development in identifying signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma has provided insight into finding new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this cancer. Targeting MAPK/ERK, PI3k/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and MircoRNA by curcumin has been evaluated to improve outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma. Although curcumin is a potent anti-cancer compound, it has rarely been studied in clinical settings due to its congenital properties such as hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability. In this review, we recapitulate and describe the effect of curcumin in regulating signaling pathways involved in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Simpson S, Rizvanov AA, Jeyapalan JN, de Brot S, Rutland CS. Canine osteosarcoma in comparative oncology: Molecular mechanisms through to treatment discovery. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965391. [PMID: 36570509 PMCID: PMC9773846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of non-communicable morbidity and mortality throughout the world, similarly, in dogs, the most frequent cause of mortality is tumors. Some types of cancer, including osteosarcoma (OSA), occur at much higher rates in dogs than people. Dogs therefore not only require treatment themselves but can also act as an effective parallel patient population for the human disease equivalent. It should be noted that although there are many similarities between canine and human OSA, there are also key differences and it is important to research and highlight these features. Despite progress using chorioallantoic membrane models, 2D and 3D in vitro models, and rodent OSA models, many more insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms, drug development, and treatment are being discovered in a variety of canine OSA patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simone de Brot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Comparative Pathology Platform (COMPATH), Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Catrin S. Rutland
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11
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Beird HC, Bielack SS, Flanagan AM, Gill J, Heymann D, Janeway KA, Livingston JA, Roberts RD, Strauss SJ, Gorlick R. Osteosarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:77. [PMID: 36481668 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the bone. Osteosarcoma incidence is bimodal, peaking at 18 and 60 years of age, and is slightly more common in males. The key pathophysiological mechanism involves several possible genetic drivers of disease linked to bone formation, causing malignant progression and metastasis. While there have been significant improvements in the outcome of patients with localized disease, with event-free survival outcomes exceeding 60%, in patients with metastatic disease, event-free survival outcomes remain poor at less than 30%. The suspicion of osteosarcoma based on radiographs still requires pathological evaluation of a bone biopsy specimen for definitive diagnosis and CT imaging of the chest should be performed to identify lung nodules. So far, population-based screening and surveillance strategies have not been implemented due to the rarity of osteosarcoma and the lack of reliable markers. Current screening focuses only on groups at high risk such as patients with genetic cancer predisposition syndromes. Management of osteosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary team of paediatric and medical oncologists, orthopaedic and general surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and specialist nurses. Survivors of osteosarcoma require specialized medical follow-up, as curative treatment consisting of chemotherapy and surgery has long-term adverse effects, which also affect the quality of life of patients. The development of osteosarcoma model systems and related research as well as the evaluation of new treatment approaches are ongoing to improve disease outcomes, especially for patients with metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan S Bielack
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Gill
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Andrew Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan D Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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12
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Broeders M, van Rooij J, Oussoren E, van Gestel T, Smith C, Kimber S, Verdijk R, Wagenmakers M, van den Hout J, van der Ploeg A, Narcisi R, Pijnappel W. Modeling cartilage pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis VI using iPSCs reveals early dysregulation of chondrogenic and metabolic gene expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:949063. [PMID: 36561048 PMCID: PMC9763729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.949063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a metabolic disorder caused by disease-associated variants in the Arylsulfatase B (ARSB) gene, resulting in ARSB enzyme deficiency, lysosomal glycosaminoglycan accumulation, and cartilage and bone pathology. The molecular response to MPS VI that results in cartilage pathology in human patients is largely unknown. Here, we generated a disease model to study the early stages of cartilage pathology in MPS VI. We generated iPSCs from four patients and isogenic controls by inserting the ARSB cDNA in the AAVS1 safe harbor locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Using an optimized chondrogenic differentiation protocol, we found Periodic acid-Schiff positive inclusions in hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis showed that hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI downregulated expression of genes involved in TGF-β/BMP signalling, and upregulated expression of inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Expression of genes involved in apoptosis and growth was upregulated, while expression of genes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism was dysregulated in hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI. These results suggest that human ARSB deficiency in MPS VI causes changes in the transcriptional program underlying the early stages of chondrogenic differentiation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Broeders
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jgj van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tjm van Gestel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ca Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sj Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rm Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maem Wagenmakers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jmp van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - At van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wwmp Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Kovaleva OV, Podlesnaya PA, Vasileva MV, Kopnin PB, Balkin AS, Plotnikov AO, Kushlinskii NE, Gratchev AN. Transcriptome of Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to the Cytotoxic Activity of Macrophages. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 507:312-317. [PMID: 36786993 DOI: 10.1134/s160767292205009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of the immune system in tumor progression has been the subject of research for more than 100 years since Paul Ehrlich hypothesized that the presence of the immune system limits the occurrence of cancer. One of the mechanisms hindering the initiation and progression of the tumor is the cytotoxic activity of macrophages; however, in some cases, it is not sufficient to control tumorigenesis. This may be due to both the development of resistance of tumor cells to the antitumor activity of macrophages and the development of a tolerant phenotype of macrophages that do not have sufficient antitumor activity. In this work, the lung cancer cells resistant to the cytotoxic action of macrophages were obtained and characterized for the first time, and the genes associated with the observed changes were identified. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance of tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of macrophages and the peculiarities of its manifestation in a tumor environment is critically important for improving the effectiveness of the existing methods of cancer treatment and developing novel methods for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kovaleva
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - P A Podlesnaya
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Vasileva
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - P B Kopnin
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Balkin
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - A O Plotnikov
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - N E Kushlinskii
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Gratchev
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
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14
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NKD2 is correlated with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:235. [PMID: 36348408 PMCID: PMC9641892 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most prevalent type of tumor in endocrine system. NKD2 has been increasingly evidenced to play crucial roles in many cancers, except for THCA. We herein aimed to explore the potential role of NKD2 in THCA. Methods Totally 502 THCA patient data were downloaded from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to obtain significant functional pathways. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to determine the NKD2 expression differences among various groups. The NKD2 expression was validated in cell lines and tissue microarray. Results Significantly higher NKD2 expression was observed in THCA samples compared with adjacent samples, which were successfully verified in cell lines and tissue microarray. Moreover, NKD2 expression gradually elevated along with the increase of TNM Stage, and NKD2 expression was significantly higher in elder THCA patients compared with young patients. NKD2 highly expressed THCA patients had worse prognosis compared with NKD2 low-expressed patients. Furthermore, 53 pathways were significantly activated in the high NKD2 expression patients compared with low NKD2 expression THCA patients. Conclusions In summary, high NKD2 expression was probably related to the progression and poor prognosis of THCA. NKD2 is a promising prognostic biomarker and pathogenic target of THCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00853-2.
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15
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Gu M, Zhou Y, Liao N, Wei Q, Bai Z, Bao N, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Gao L, Cheng X. Chrysophanol, a main anthraquinone from Rheum palmatum L. (rhubarb), protects against renal fibrosis by suppressing NKD2/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154381. [PMID: 35988461 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized as renal dysfunction and multi-system damage, has become a serious public health problem with high prevalence and mortality. Rheum palmatum L. (rhubarb) is one of the most widely used Chinese herb with renal protective activity. However, the active components and underlying mechanisms of rhubarb remain unknown. In this work, we tried to explore the pharmacological mechanism of chrysophanol, a main anthraquinone from rhubarb, against CKD by in vivo and in vitro models. STUDY DESIGN The therapeutic effect of chrysophanol and its underlying mechanism were investigated using CKD mouse model induced by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO), and human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells stimulated by TGF-β1 in vivo. METHODS The impact of chrysophanol on renal function, inflammation, fibrosis of CKD mice were evaluated. Then, the protein expressions of FN1, collagen ɑI, α-SMA, NF-κB and naked keratinocyte homolog 2 (NKD2) were investigated. In vitro studies, the inhibition on inflammation and fibrogenesis by chrysophanol was further validated in TGF-β1-stimulated HK2 cells, and the regulation of chrysophanol on NKD2/NF-κB pathway was analyzed. Moreover, NKD2 was overexpressed in HK-2 cells to confirm the role of NKD2/NF-κB pathway in chrysophanol-mediated efficacy. Finally, the binding mode of chrysophanol with NKD2 was studied using in silico molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay. RESULTS Chrysophanol could significantly improve the kidney dysfunction, alleviate renal pathology, and reverse the elevated levels of renal fibrosis markers such as FN1, collagen ɑI and α-SMA. Furthermore, chrysophanol effectively inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production, and suppressed NF-κB activation and NKD2 expression. The findings of in vitro study were consistent with those of animal expriment. Using NKD2-overexpressing HK-2 cells, we also demonstrated that overexpression of NKD2 significantly compromised the anti-fibrotic effects of chrysophanol. In addition, molecular docking and MST analysis revealed that NKD2 was a direct target of chrysophanol. CONCLUSION Together, our work demonstrated for the first time that chrysophanol could effectively ameliorate renal fibrosis by inhibiting NKD2/NF-κB pathway. Chrysophanol can potentially prevent CKD by suppressing renal NKD2 expression directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Naikai Liao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingxue Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Zijun Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District of Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Neng Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000 Hefeng Road, Binhu District of Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Leiping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District of Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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16
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Guo A, Huang H, Zhu Z, Chen MJ, Shi H, Yuan S, Sharma P, Connelly JP, Liedmann S, Dhungana Y, Li Z, Haydar D, Yang M, Beere H, Yustein JT, DeRenzo C, Pruett-Miller SM, Crawford JC, Krenciute G, Roberts CWM, Chi H, Green DR. cBAF complex components and MYC cooperate early in CD8 + T cell fate. Nature 2022; 607:135-141. [PMID: 35732731 PMCID: PMC9623036 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of mechanisms to promote memory T (Tmem) cells has important implications for vaccination and anti-cancer immunotherapy1-4. Using a CRISPR-based screen for negative regulators of Tmem cell generation in vivo5, here we identify multiple components of the mammalian canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (cBAF)6,7. Several components of the cBAF complex are essential for the differentiation of activated CD8+ T cells into T effector (Teff) cells, and their loss promotes Tmem cell formation in vivo. During the first division of activated CD8+ T cells, cBAF and MYC8 frequently co-assort asymmetrically to the two daughter cells. Daughter cells with high MYC and high cBAF display a cell fate trajectory towards Teff cells, whereas those with low MYC and low cBAF preferentially differentiate towards Tmem cells. The cBAF complex and MYC physically interact to establish the chromatin landscape in activated CD8+ T cells. Treatment of naive CD8+ T cells with a putative cBAF inhibitor during the first 48 h of activation, before the generation of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, markedly improves efficacy in a mouse solid tumour model. Our results establish cBAF as a negative determinant of Tmem cell fate and suggest that manipulation of cBAF early in T cell differentiation can improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark J Chen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sujing Yuan
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jon P Connelly
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Swantje Liedmann
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhenrui Li
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dalia Haydar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mao Yang
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Helen Beere
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Baylor Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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17
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Expression pattern and clinical significance of β-catenin gene and protein in patients with primary malignant and benign bone tumors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9488. [PMID: 35676319 PMCID: PMC9177768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to unravel the status of local and circulating β-catenin in different primary bone tumors and its relevance to tumor types, severity, and chemotherapy. The β-catenin mRNA expression level and the expression of the protein (intensity level) were evaluated in tumor tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 150 patients with different types of primary bone tumors (78 malignant and 72 benign tumors) using Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The β-catenin mRNA expression level and the expression of the protein were increased in bone tumors which was positively correlated with the tumor malignancy. Amongst osteosarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteochondroma, Giant Cell Tumor, and exostosis tumors, the osteosarcoma, and Giant Cell Tumor groups showed the highest level of β-catenin expression. The β-catenin expression in malignant bone tumors was significantly correlated with tumor grade, size, metastasis, tumor recurrent, and the level of response to chemotherapy. A similar pattern of β-catenin gene expression and its association with tumor characteristics was detected in the patient's peripheral blood cells. The simultaneous increase in the expression of the β-catenin gene and protein in tumor tissue and in circulating blood cells and its relationship with tumor severity indicates the possible promoting role of β-catenin in primary bone tumor pathogenesis.
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18
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Bae Y, Zeng H, Chen Y, Ketkar S, Munivez E, Yu Z, Gannon FH, Lee BH.
miRNA
‐34c
suppresses osteosarcoma progression
in vivo
by targeting Notch and
E2F. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10623. [PMID: 35509638 PMCID: PMC9059472 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is dysregulated in many types of cancers including osteosarcoma (OS) due to genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among these, miR‐34c, an effector of tumor suppressor P53 and an upstream negative regulator of Notch signaling in osteoblast differentiation, is dysregulated in OS. Here, we demonstrated a tumor suppressive role of miR‐34c in OS progression using in vitro assays and in vivo genetic mouse models. We found that miR‐34c inhibits the proliferation and the invasion of metastatic OS cells, which resulted in reduction of the tumor burden and increased overall survival in an orthotopic xenograft model. Moreover, the osteoblast‐specific overexpression of miR‐34c increased survival in the osteoblast specific p53 mutant OS mouse model. We found that miR‐34c regulates the transcription of several genes in Notch signaling (NOTCH1, JAG1, and HEY2) and in p53‐mediated cell cycle and apoptosis (CCNE2, E2F5, E2F2, and HDAC1). More interestingly, we found that the metastatic‐free survival probability was increased among a patient cohort from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) OS, which has lower expression of direct targets of miR‐34c that was identified in our transcriptome analysis, such as E2F5 and NOTCH1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR‐34c is a tumor suppressive miRNA in OS progression in vivo. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting miR‐34c in OS. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Huan‐Chang Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Shamika Ketkar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Francis H. Gannon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
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19
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Lawson LY, Brodt MD, Migotsky N, Chermside-Scabbo CJ, Palaniappan R, Silva MJ. Osteoblast-Specific Wnt Secretion Is Required for Skeletal Homeostasis and Loading-Induced Bone Formation in Adult Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:108-120. [PMID: 34542191 PMCID: PMC8770559 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is critical to many aspects of skeletal regulation, but the importance of Wnt ligands in the bone anabolic response to mechanical loading is not well established. Recent transcriptome profiling studies by our laboratory and others show that mechanical loading potently induces genes encoding Wnt ligands, including Wnt1 and Wnt7b. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that mechanical loading stimulates adult bone formation by inducing Wnt ligand expression. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited Wnt ligand secretion in adult (5 months old) mice using a systemic (drug) and a bone-targeted (conditional gene knockout) approach, and subjected them to axial tibial loading to induce lamellar bone formation. Mice treated with the Wnt secretion inhibitor WNT974 exhibited a decrease in bone formation in non-loaded bones as well as a 54% decline in the periosteal bone formation response to tibial loading. Next, osteoblast-specific Wnt secretion was inhibited by dosing 5-month-old Osx-CreERT2; WlsF/F mice with tamoxifen. Within 1 to 2 weeks of Wls deletion, skeletal homeostasis was altered with decreased bone formation and increased resorption, and the anabolic response to loading was reduced 65% compared to control (WlsF/F ). Together, these findings show that Wnt ligand secretion is required for adult bone homeostasis, and furthermore establish a role for osteoblast-derived Wnts in mediating the bone anabolic response to tibial loading. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y. Lawson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael D. Brodt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicole Migotsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chermside-Scabbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ramya Palaniappan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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20
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Ding FP, Tian JY, Wu J, Han DF, Zhao D. Identification of key genes as predictive biomarkers for osteosarcoma metastasis using translational bioinformatics. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:640. [PMID: 34856991 PMCID: PMC8638136 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality, however, no sufficient clinical biomarkers have been identified. In this study, we identified five genes to help predict metastasis at diagnosis. Methods We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the most relevant gene modules associated with OS metastasis. An important machine learning algorithm, the support vector machine (SVM), was employed to predict key genes for classifying the OS metastasis phenotype. Finally, we investigated the clinical significance of key genes and their enriched pathways. Results Eighteen modules were identified in WGCNA, among which the pink, red, brown, blue, and turquoise modules demonstrated good preservation. In the five modules, the brown and red modules were highly correlated with OS metastasis. Genes in the two modules closely interacted in protein–protein interaction networks and were therefore chosen for further analysis. Genes in the two modules were primarily enriched in the biological processes associated with tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, 65 differentially expressed genes were identified as common hub genes in both WGCNA and protein–protein interaction networks. SVM classifiers with the maximum area under the curve were based on 30 and 15 genes in the brown and red modules, respectively. The clinical significance of the 45 hub genes was analyzed. Of the 45 genes, 17 were found to be significantly correlated with survival time. Finally, 5/17 genes, including ADAP2 (P = 0.0094), LCP2 (P = 0.013), ARHGAP25 (P = 0.0049), CD53 (P = 0.016), and TLR7 (P = 0.04) were significantly correlated with the metastatic phenotype. In vitro verification, western blotting, wound healing analyses, transwell invasion assays, proliferation assays, and colony formation assays indicated that ARHGAP25 promoted OS cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Conclusion We identified five genes, namely ADAP2, LCP2, ARHGAP25, CD53, and TLR7, as candidate biomarkers for the prediction of OS metastasis; ARHGAP25 inhibits MG63 OS cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, indicating that ARHGAP25 can serve as a promising specific and prognostic biomarker for OS metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02308-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jia-Yi Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dong-Feng Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ding Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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21
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids DHA and EPA Reduce Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Promoting Glutathione Degradation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092287. [PMID: 34571936 PMCID: PMC8465636 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that exhibits aberrantly high levels of proteasome activity. While treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib substantially increases overall survival of MM patients, acquired drug resistance remains the main challenge for MM treatment. Using a combination treatment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and bortezomib, it was demonstrated previously that pretreatment with DHA/EPA significantly increased bortezomib chemosensitivity in MM cells. In the current study, both transcriptome and metabolome analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the underlying mechanism. It was demonstrated that pretreating MM cells with DHA/EPA before bortezomib potently decreased the cellular glutathione (GSH) level and altered the expression of the related metabolites and key enzymes in GSH metabolism, whereas simultaneous treatment only showed minor effects on these factors, thereby suggesting the critical role of GSH degradation in overcoming bortezomib resistance in MM cells. Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Pathways of necroptosis, ferroptosis, p53, NRF2, ATF4, WNT, MAPK, NF-κB, EGFR, and ERK may be connected to the tumor suppressive effect caused by pretreatment of DHA/EPA prior to bortezomib. Collectively, this work implicates GSH degradation as a potential therapeutic target in MM and provides novel mechanistic insights into its significant role in combating bortezomib resistance.
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22
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Wu B, Woo JS, Vila P, Jew M, Leung J, Sun Z, Srikanth S, Gwack Y. NKD2 mediates stimulation-dependent ORAI1 trafficking to augment Ca 2+ entry in T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109603. [PMID: 34433025 PMCID: PMC8435239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained activation of the Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel is pivotal for effector T cell responses. The mechanisms underlying this sustainability remain poorly understood. We find that plasma membrane localization of ORAI1, the pore subunit of CRAC channels, is limited in effector T cells, with a significant fraction trapped in intracellular vesicles. From a targeted screen, we identify an essential component of ORAI1+ vesicles, naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2). Mechanistically, NKD2, an adaptor molecule activated by signaling pathways downstream of T cell receptors, orchestrates trafficking and insertion of ORAI1+ vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together, our findings suggest that T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation-dependent insertion of ORAI1 into the plasma membrane is essential for sustained Ca2+ signaling and cytokine production in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Pamela Vila
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA,Present address: Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 14445 Olive View Drive, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA
| | - Marcus Jew
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA,Present address: Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Leung
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA,Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA.
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23
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Wedekind MF, Miller KE, Chen CY, Wang PY, Hutzen BJ, Currier MA, Nartker B, Roberts RD, Boon L, Conner J, LaHaye S, Kelly BJ, Gordon D, White P, Mardis ER, Cripe TP. Endogenous retrovirus envelope as a tumor-associated immunotherapeutic target in murine osteosarcoma. iScience 2021; 24:102759. [PMID: 34278266 PMCID: PMC8267546 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains one of the deadliest cancers in pediatrics and young adults. We administered two types of immunotherapies, oncolytic virotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition, to two murine osteosarcoma models and observed divergent results. Mice bearing F420 showed no response, whereas those with K7M2 showed prolonged survival in response to combination therapy. K7M2 had higher expression of immune-related genes and higher baseline immune cell infiltrates, but there were no significant differences in tumor mutational burden or predicted MHC class I binding of nonsynonymous mutations. Instead, we found several mouse endogenous retrovirus sequences highly expressed in K7M2 compared with F420. T cell tetramer staining for one of them, gp70, was detected in mice with K7M2 but not F420, suggesting that endogenous retrovirus proteins are targets for the anti-tumor immune reaction. Given prior observations of endogenous retrovirus expression in human osteosarcomas, our findings may be translatable to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Frances Wedekind
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katherine E. Miller
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Pin-Yi Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian J. Hutzen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mark A. Currier
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brooke Nartker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ryan D. Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stephanie LaHaye
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Kelly
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Gordon
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter White
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elaine R. Mardis
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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24
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Damerell V, Pepper MS, Prince S. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:246. [PMID: 34188019 PMCID: PMC8241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Their clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current treatments. Although there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype, are not fully understood. This is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin, but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas, research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC models. This review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis, the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo, as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition (MET) plasticity, exosomes, and microRNAs in sarcomagenesis. It also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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25
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He J, Ling L, Liu Z, Ren X, Wan L, Tu C, Li Z. Functional interplay between long non-coding RNAs and the Wnt signaling cascade in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 34130697 PMCID: PMC8207720 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common and highly malignant bone tumor among children, adolescents and young adults. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. LncRNAs are transcripts with no or limited protein-coding capacity in human genomes, and have been demonstrated to play crucial functions in initiation, progression, therapeutic resistance, recurrence and metastasis of tumor. Considerable studies revealed a dysregulated lncRNA expression pattern in osteosarcoma, which may act as oncogenes or suppressors to regulate osteosarcoma progression. Wnt signaling pathway is an important cascade in tumorigenesis by modulation of pleiotropic biological functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, stemness, genetic stability and chemoresistance. Hyperactivation or deficiency of key effectors in Wnt cascade is a common event in many osteosarcoma patients. Recently, increasing evidences have suggested that lncRNAs could interplay with component of Wnt pathway, and thereby contribute to osteosarcoma onset, progression and dissemination. In this review, we briefly summarize Wnt signaling-related lncRNAs in osteosarcoma progression, aiming to gain insights into their underlying crosstalk as well as clinical application in osteosarcoma therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Ling
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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26
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Luo S, Dang X, Wang J, Yuan C, Hu Y, Lei S, Zhang Y, Lu D, Jiang F, Fu L. Biological evaluation of mitochondria targeting small molecules as potent anticancer drugs. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105055. [PMID: 34144278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy targets specific metabolic pathways or a single gene. This may result in low therapeutic effects due to drug selectivity and drug resistance. Recent studies revealed that the mitochondrial membrane potential and transmembrane permeability of cancerous mitochondria are differed from normal mitochondria. Thus, chemotherapy targeting cancerous mitochondria could be an innovative and competent strategy for cancer therapy. Previously, our work with a novel group of mitochondria targeting small molecules presented promising inhibitory capability toward various cancer cell lines and suppressed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the anticancer effect and targeting mechanism of these small molecules. This study investigated the inhibitory activity of mitochondria targeting small molecules with human cervical cancer cells - HeLa to further explore their therapeutic potential. HeLa cells were exposed to 10 µM of synthesized compounds and presented elevation in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of apoptosis as well as necrosis. In vivo, HeLa cell tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice were treated with mitochondria targeting small molecules for 12 days consecutively. Throughout this chemotherapy study, no deleterious side effects nor the appearance of toxicity was observed. Furthermore, mitochondria targeting small molecules treated groups exhibited significant down-regulation with both tumor volume and tumor weight compared to the Doxorubicin (DOX) treated group. Thus, inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, activation of intracellular ROS production, down-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of apoptosis and necrosis rates are the indications of cancer therapy. In this work, we examined the anticancer capability of four mitochondria targeting small molecules in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrated a novel therapeutic approach in cancer therapy with tremendous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xin Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chang Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Faqin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; SJTU-Agilent Technologies Joint Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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27
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Nasarre P, Garcia DI, Siegel JB, Bonilla IV, Mukherjee R, Hilliard E, Chakraborty P, Nasarre C, Yustein JT, Lang M, Jaffa AA, Mehrotra S, Klauber-DeMore N. Overcoming PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance with a Monoclonal Antibody to Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 in Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112696. [PMID: 34070758 PMCID: PMC8199140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) promotes the migration/invasion of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) cells and tube formation by endothelial cells. However, its function on T-cells is unknown. We hypothesized that blocking SFRP2 with a humanized monoclonal antibody (hSFRP2 mAb) can restore immunity by reducing CD38 and PD-1 levels, ultimately overcoming resistance to PD-1 inhibitors. Treating two metastatic murine OS cell lines in vivo, RF420 and RF577, with hSFRP2 mAb alone led to a significant reduction in the number of lung metastases, compared to IgG1 control treatment. While PD-1 mAb alone had minimal effect, hSFRP2 mAb combination with PD-1 mAb had an additive antimetastatic effect. This effect was accompanied by lower SFRP2 levels in serum, lower CD38 levels in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and T-cells, and lower PD-1 levels in T-cells. In vitro data confirmed that SFRP2 promotes NFATc3, CD38 and PD-1 expression in T-cells, while hSFRP2 mAb treatment counteracts these effects and increases NAD+ levels. hSFRP2 mAb treatment further rescued the suppression of T-cell proliferation by tumor cells in a co-culture model. Finally, hSFRP2 mAb induced apoptosis in RF420 and RF577 OS cells but not in T-cells. Thus, hSFRP2 mAb therapy could potentially overcome PD-1 inhibitor resistance in metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Denise I. Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Julie B. Siegel
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Ingrid V. Bonilla
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Eleanor Hilliard
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Cécile Nasarre
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Department of Pediatrics, The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center at the Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Margaret Lang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Aneese A. Jaffa
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Nancy Klauber-DeMore
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Wei W, Zheng L, Gao Y, He M, Yang F. Expression and prognostic significance of NKD2 in ovarian cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:459-468. [PMID: 33324989 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Naked2 (NKD2) is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway and associates with transforming growth factor secretion. The role of NKD2 in ovarian cancer is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles were measured and compared in nine patients by RNA sequencing. NKD2 expressions in ovarian cancer were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Tissue slides of 79 patients were stained and scored for NKD2 expression. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the role of NKD2 in ovarian cancer. The prognostic role of NKD2 was evaluated by survival analysis. RESULTS NKD2 was upregulated in patients with better survival by mRNA and protein expression. Patients were classified as NKD2-high group (n = 30) and NKD2-low group (n = 49) according to immunohistochemical score. High NKD2 was correlated with lower recurrence rate (P = 0.002) and higher percentage of platinum-sensitive recurrence (P = 0.006). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer for NKD2-high patients than NKD2-low patients (49.1 vs.14.1 months, P < 0.001). Accordingly, there was a significantly difference in terms of overall survival time between two groups (hazard ratio: 3.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-5.85, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression suggested that NKD2 was independently prognostic factors in terms of progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-5.27, P < 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.80-7.21, P < 0.001). In vitro studies further demonstrated that NKD2 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION NKD2 is a novel prognostic marker and could suppress tumor progression in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, China
| | - Lisi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen, University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen, University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Minjun He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, China
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29
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Hirozane T, Masuda M, Sugano T, Sekita T, Goto N, Aoyama T, Sakagami T, Uno Y, Moriyama H, Sawa M, Asano N, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Nakayama R, Kondo T, Kawai A, Kobayashi E, Yamada T. Direct conversion of osteosarcoma to adipocytes by targeting TNIK. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137245. [PMID: 33400690 PMCID: PMC7934882 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor for which no molecularly targeted therapies are available. We have previously identified TRAF2- and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) as an essential factor for the transactivation of Wnt signal target genes and shown that its inhibition leads to eradication of colorectal cancer stem cells. The involvement of Wnt signaling in the pathogenesis of OS has been implicated. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of TNIK as a therapeutic target in OS. RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition of TNIK suppressed the proliferation of OS cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a small-molecule inhibitor of TNIK upregulated the expression of genes involved in OS cell metabolism and downregulated transcription factors essential for maintaining the stem cell phenotype. Metabolome analysis revealed that this TNIK inhibitor redirected the metabolic network from carbon flux toward lipid accumulation in OS cells. Using in vitro and in vivo OS models, we confirmed that TNIK inhibition abrogated the OS stem cell phenotype, simultaneously driving conversion of OS cells to adipocyte-like cells through induction of PPARγ. In relation to potential therapeutic targeting in clinical practice, TNIK was confirmed to be in an active state in OS cell lines and clinical specimens. From these findings, we conclude that TNIK is applicable as a potential target for treatment of OS, affecting cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirozane
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Masuda
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Sugano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Sakagami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Uno
- Carna Biosciences Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Naofumi Asano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tesshi Yamada
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease progression; however, at present no antifibrotic therapies exist1-3. The origin, functional heterogeneity and regulation of scar-forming cells that occur during human kidney fibrosis remain poorly understood1,2,4. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptomes of cells from the proximal and non-proximal tubules of healthy and fibrotic human kidneys to map the entire human kidney. This analysis enabled us to map all matrix-producing cells at high resolution, and to identify distinct subpopulations of pericytes and fibroblasts as the main cellular sources of scar-forming myofibroblasts during human kidney fibrosis. We used genetic fate-tracing, time-course single-cell RNA sequencing and ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) experiments in mice, and spatial transcriptomics in human kidney fibrosis, to shed light on the cellular origins and differentiation of human kidney myofibroblasts and their precursors at high resolution. Finally, we used this strategy to detect potential therapeutic targets, and identified NKD2 as a myofibroblast-specific target in human kidney fibrosis.
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31
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Singla A, Wang J, Yang R, Geller DS, Loeb DM, Hoang BH. Wnt Signaling in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:125-139. [PMID: 32767238 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt molecules are a class of cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins that participate in various developmental events during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Since its discovery in 1982, the roles of Wnt signaling have been established in various key regulatory systems in biology. Wnt signals exert pleiotropic effects, including mitogenic stimulation, cell fate specification, and differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway in humans has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of disorders including colon cancer, sarcoma, coronary artery disease, tetra-amelia, Mullerian duct regression, eye vascular defects, and abnormal bone mass. The canonical Wnt pathway functions by regulating the function of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin, whereas noncanonical pathways function independent of β-catenin. Although the role of Wnt signaling is well established in epithelial malignancies, its role in mesenchymal tumors is more controversial. Some studies have suggested that Wnt signaling plays a pro-oncogenic role in various sarcomas by driving cell proliferation and motility; however, others have reported that Wnt signaling acts as a tumor suppressor by committing tumor cells to differentiate into a mature lineage. Wnt signaling pathway also plays an important role in regulating cancer stem cell function. In this review, we will discuss Wnt signaling pathway and its role in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David S Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Li J, Chen J, Hu Z, Xu W. MicroRNA-1236-3p inhibits human osteosarcoma growth. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 33133267 PMCID: PMC7590435 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common bone tumor with high mortality worldwide. The long-term survival rate of patients with metastatic or recurrent disease is <20%. The present study explored the biological role of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-1236-3p in OS. miRNA and mRNA expression levels were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to determine miR-1236-3p expression levels in clinical specimens. Protein expression was measured via western blotting. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Wnt target gene expression in tumor tissues. The interaction between the Wnt3a 3′untranslated region and miR-1236-3p was assessed via dual-luciferase reporter assays. Cell cycle, Transwell, Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays were conducted to evaluate the function of the miR-1236-3p/Wnt3a axis. Human OS (HOS) cells stably transfected with vector or miR-1236-3p sponge were injected subcutaneously into nude mice to assess the role of miR-1236-3p in vivo. miR-1236-3p expression was downregulated in OS tissues compared with chondroma tissues, and miR-1236-3p overexpression inhibited OS cell migration and proliferation compared with the negative control group. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft assays displayed enhanced tumour growth rates in the miR-1236-3p sponge group compared with the vector control group. In the present study, the results indicated that miR-1236-3p inhibited OS progression and Wnt3a was identified as a target of miR-1236-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Dong T, Wang P, Li S, Wu G, Zhou J, Wang Z. LINC00922 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasive and migratory capacities in breast cancer through promoting NKD2 methylation. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109808. [PMID: 33045317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as the major reason for mortality in women populations, accounting for 23% of all cancer deaths. One in every three Asian women encounters the risk of this cancer in their lifetime. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have emerged as tumor promoters and suppressors. The molecular mechanism of breast cancer remains elusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the role lincRNA LINC00922 plays in the development of breast cancer. Breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were obtained from 109 patients with breast cancer. The RNA extraction and quantification and immunohistochemical staining characterized the high expression of LINC00922 and low expression of NKD2 in breast cancer tissues in comparison to its adjacent counterparts. Furthermore, the ectopic expression and knockdown experiments were conducted to figure out the in vivo and in vitro effects of LINC00922 on breast cancer progression. The ectopically expressed LINC00922 activated the Wnt signaling pathway, promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell proliferative, invasive and migratory capacities, tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, the RIP and ChIP assay identified that LINC00922 recruited DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins in the promoter region of NKD2 to promote NKD2 promoter methylation, thus reducing the NKD2 expression. Moreover, the Wnt signaling pathway was activated subsequent to NKD2 silencing, which was reversed by LINC00922 silencing. Lastly, the anti-oncogenic effects of LINC00922 inhibition was antagonized after NKD2 knocked down. The current study provides evidence that LINC00922 acts as a tumor promoter by promoting NKD2 methylation. Hopefully, it provides a novel potential gene target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, PR China
| | - Tianfu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, PR China
| | - Peishun Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, PR China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, PR China
| | - Geng Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China.
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Chermside-Scabbo CJ, Harris TL, Brodt MD, Braenne I, Zhang B, Farber CR, Silva MJ. Old Mice Have Less Transcriptional Activation But Similar Periosteal Cell Proliferation Compared to Young-Adult Mice in Response to in vivo Mechanical Loading. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1751-1764. [PMID: 32311160 PMCID: PMC7486279 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is a potent strategy to induce bone formation, but with aging, the bone formation response to the same mechanical stimulus diminishes. Our main objectives were to (i) discover the potential transcriptional differences and (ii) compare the periosteal cell proliferation between tibias of young-adult and old mice in response to strain-matched mechanical loading. First, to discover potential age-related transcriptional differences, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the loading responses between tibias of young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) C57BL/6N female mice following 1, 3, or 5 days of axial loading (loaded versus non-loaded). Compared to young-adult mice, old mice had less transcriptional activation following loading at each time point, as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the fold-changes of the DEGs. Old mice engaged fewer pathways and gene ontology (GO) processes, showing less activation of processes related to proliferation and differentiation. In tibias of young-adult mice, we observed prominent Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM), and neuronal responses, which were diminished with aging. Additionally, we identified several targets that may be effective in restoring the mechanoresponsiveness of aged bone, including nerve growth factor (NGF), Notum, prostaglandin signaling, Nell-1, and the AP-1 family. Second, to directly test the extent to which periosteal cell proliferation was diminished in old mice, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in a separate cohort of mice to label cells that divided during the 5-day loading interval. Young-adult and old mice had an average of 15.5 and 16.7 BrdU+ surface cells/mm, respectively, suggesting that impaired proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not explain the diminished bone formation response with aging. We conclude that old mice have diminished transcriptional activation following mechanical loading, but periosteal proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not differ between tibias of young-adult and old mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Chermside-Scabbo
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taylor L Harris
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Brodt
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ingrid Braenne
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Molecular Characterisation of Canine Osteosarcoma in High Risk Breeds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092405. [PMID: 32854182 PMCID: PMC7564920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop osteosarcoma (OSA) and the disease process closely resembles that of human OSA. OSA has a poor prognosis in both species and disease-free intervals and cure rates have not improved in recent years. Gene expression in canine OSAs was compared with non-tumor tissue utilising RNA sequencing, validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (n = 16). Polymorphic polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts in the androgen receptor (AR/NR3C4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) genes were investigated in control and OSA patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis (n = 1019 Rottweilers, 379 Irish Wolfhounds). Our analysis identified 1281 significantly differentially expressed genes (>2 fold change, p < 0.05), specifically 839 lower and 442 elevated gene expression in osteosarcoma (n = 3) samples relative to non-malignant (n = 4) bone. Enriched pathways and gene ontologies were identified, which provide insight into the molecular pathways implicated in canine OSA. Expression of a subset of these genes (SLC2A1, DKK3, MMP3, POSTN, RBP4, ASPN) was validated by qRTPCR and immunohistochemistry (MMP3, DKK3, SLC2A1) respectively. While little variation was found in the NCOA3 polyQ tract, greater variation was present in both polyQ tracts in the AR, but no significant associations in length were made with OSA. The data provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of OSA in high risk breeds. This knowledge may inform development of new prevention strategies and treatments for OSA in dogs and supports utilising spontaneous OSA in dogs to improve understanding of the disease in people.
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Cao MD, Song YC, Yang ZM, Wang DW, Lin YM, Lu HD. Identification of Osteosarcoma Metastasis-Associated Gene Biomarkers and Potentially Targeted Drugs Based on Bioinformatic and Experimental Analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8095-8107. [PMID: 32884293 PMCID: PMC7434575 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the leading cause of death for patients with osteosarcoma (OS). In the present study, we explore the biomarkers for metastatic OS and provide potential therapeutic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA-Seq data and clinical follow-up information were downloaded from TARGET and GEO databases. A Cox regression model was used to analyze metastatic events. L1000FWD, DGIdb, and CMap databases were used to identify potential drugs related to metastasis. Invasion and migration transwell assays and an adhesion assay were used to identify biological functions of genes. RESULTS A total of 15 metastasis-related signatures (MRSs) were associated with the prognosis based on the TARGET or GSE21257 cohorts, among which IL10RA and TLR7 genes were especially significant. In the DGIdb drug-gene interaction database, TLR7 and IFNGR1 were found to have potential interactions with drugs. After inhibiting the expression of TLR7, the migration, invasion, and adhesion ability of OS cells were significantly enhanced, which further promoted metastasis. CONCLUSION We identified a set of MRS that may be related to OS metastases. Among them, TLR7 plays a vital role and may be a potential target for OS metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-De Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Cheng Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Meng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ding Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Byrgazov K, Anderson C, Salzer B, Bozsaky E, Larsson R, Gullbo J, Lehner M, Lehmann F, Slipicevic A, Kager L, Fryknäs M, Taschner-Mandl S. Targeting aggressive osteosarcoma with a peptidase-enhanced cytotoxic melphalan flufenamide. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920937891. [PMID: 32774473 PMCID: PMC7391428 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920937891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low survival rates in metastatic high-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS) have remained stagnant for the last three decades. This study aims to investigate the role of aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) in HGOS progression and its targeting with a novel lipophilic peptidase-enhanced cytotoxic compound melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) in HGOS. Methods: Meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets was performed to determine the impact of ANPEP gene expression on metastasis-free survival of HGOS patients. The efficacy of standard-of-care anti-neoplastic drugs and a lipophilic peptidase-enhanced cytotoxic conjugate melflufen was investigated in patient-derived HGOS ex vivo models and cell lines. The kinetics of apoptosis and necrosis induced by melflufen and doxorubicin were compared. Anti-neoplastic effects of melflufen were investigated in vivo. Results: Elevated ANPEP expression in diagnostic biopsies of HGOS patients was found to significantly reduce metastasis-free survival. In drug sensitivity assays, melflufen has shown an anti-proliferative effect in HGOS ex vivo samples and cell lines, including those resistant to methotrexate, etoposide, doxorubicin, and PARP inhibitors. Further, HGOS cells treated with melflufen displayed a rapid induction of apoptosis and this sensitivity correlated with high expression of ANPEP. In combination treatments, melflufen demonstrated synergy with doxorubicin in killing HGOS cells. Finally, Melflufen displayed anti-tumor growth and anti-metastatic effects in vivo. Conclusion: This study may pave the way for use of melflufen as an adjuvant to doxorubicin in improving the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of metastatic HGOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claes Anderson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Bozsaky
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Manfred Lehner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Leo Kager
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna and Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Cersosimo F, Lonardi S, Bernardini G, Telfer B, Mandelli GE, Santucci A, Vermi W, Giurisato E. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5207. [PMID: 32717819 PMCID: PMC7432207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OSs) are bone tumors most commonly found in pediatric and adolescent patients characterized by high risk of metastatic progression and recurrence after therapy. Effective therapeutic management of this disease still remains elusive as evidenced by poor patient survival rates. To achieve a more effective therapeutic management regimen, and hence patient survival, there is a need to identify more focused targeted therapies for OSs treatment in the clinical setting. The role of the OS tumor stroma microenvironment plays a significant part in the development and dissemination of this disease. Important components, and hence potential targets for treatment, are the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that are known to orchestrate many aspects of OS stromal signaling and disease progression. In particular, increased infiltration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been associated with OS metastasis and poor patient prognosis despite currently used aggressive therapies regimens. This review aims to provide a summary update of current macrophage-centered knowledge and to discuss the possible roles that macrophages play in the process of OS metastasis development focusing on the potential influence of stromal cross-talk signaling between TAMs, cancer-stem cells and additional OSs tumoral microenvironment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Brian Telfer
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Giulio Eugenio Mandelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Cao F, Nguyen P, Hong B, DeRenzo C, Rainusso NC, Rodriguez Cruz T, Wu MF, Liu H, Song XT, Suzuki M, Wang LL, Yustein JT, Gottschalk S. Engineering Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus to redirect Macrophages to Tumor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4. [PMID: 33829146 DOI: 10.1002/acg2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has been tested in numerous early phase clinical studies. However, the antitumor activity of oncolytic viruses thus far has been limited. Numerous strategies are being explored to enhance their antitumor activity by activating the adaptive arm of the immune system. We reasoned that it might also be possible to engineer oncolytic viruses to redirect tumor-associated macrophages to tumor cells for therapeutic benefit. We engineered an oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) to disrupt the CD47/SIRPα interaction by expressing a chimeric molecule that consists of the ectodomain of SIRPα and the Fc domain of IgG4 (SIRPα-Fc-VV). SIRPα-Fc-VV readily replicated in tumor cells and redirected M1 as well as M2 macrophages to tumor cells in vitro. In contrast, control VVs that either encoded YFP (YFP-VV) or SIRPα (SIRPα-VV) did not. In vivo, SIRPα-Fc-VV had greater antitumor activity than YFP-VV and SIRPα-VV in an immune competent osteosarcoma model resulting in a significant survival advantage. Pretreatment with cytoxan further augmented the antitumor activity of SIRPα-Fc-VV. Thus, arming oncolytic viruses with SIRPα-Fc may present a promising strategy to enhance their antitumor activity for the virotherapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Cao
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nino C Rainusso
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tania Rodriguez Cruz
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Song
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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40
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Nomura M, Rainusso N, Lee YC, Dawson B, Coarfa C, Han R, Larson JL, Shuck R, Kurenbekova L, Yustein JT. Tegavivint and the β-Catenin/ALDH Axis in Chemotherapy-Resistant and Metastatic Osteosarcoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1216-1227. [PMID: 30793158 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is closely associated with osteosarcoma (OS) development and metastatic progression. We investigated the antitumor activity of Tegavivint, a novel β-catenin/transducin β-like protein 1 (TBL1) inhibitor, against OS employing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that recapitulate high risk disease. METHODS The antitumor efficacy of Tegavivint was evaluated in vitro using established OS and PDX-derived cell lines. Use of an ex vivo three-dimensional pulmonary metastasis assay assessed targeting of β-catenin activity during micro- and macrometastatic development. The in vivo activity of Tegavivint was evaluated using chemoresistant and metastatic OS PDX models. Gene and protein expression were quantified by quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or immunoblot analysis. Bone integrity was determined via microCT. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Tegavivint exhibited antiproliferative activity against OS cells in vitro and actively reduced micro- and macrometastatic development ex vivo. Multiple OS PDX tumors (n = 3), including paired patient primary and lung metastatic tumors with inherent chemoresistance, were suppressed by Tegavivint in vivo. We identified that metastatic lung OS cell lines (n = 2) exhibited increased stem cell signatures, including enhanced concomitant aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) and β-catenin expression and downstream activity, which were suppressed by Tegavivint (ALDH1: control group, mean relative mRNA expression = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68 to 1.22 vs Tegavivint group, mean = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.0012 to 0.056, P < .001; β-catenin: control group, mean relative mRNA expression = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.36 vs Tegavivint group, mean = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.52, P < .001). ALDH1high PDX-derived lung OS cells, which demonstrated enhanced metastatic potential compared with ALDHlow cells in vivo, were sensitive to Tegavivint. Toxicity studies revealed decreased bone density in male Tegavivint-treated mice (n = 4 mice per group). CONCLUSIONS Tegavivint is a promising therapeutic agent for advanced stages of OS via its targeting of the β-catenin/ALDH1 axis.
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Xu S, Gong Y, Yin Y, Xing H, Zhang N. The multiple function of long noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma progression, drug resistance and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110141. [PMID: 32334375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor prevalent in children and young adults. LncRNAs are a family of non-protein-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. The tumor-related pathological functions of lncRNAs include proliferation, migration, and chemotherapy resistance, all of which have been widely acknowledged in research on osteosarcoma. In addition, compelling evidence suggests that lncRNAs could serve as diagnostic indicators, prognostic biomarkers, and targets for disease treatment. In this review, we systematically summarize how lncRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, invasion and therapeutic resistance. By deepening our knowledge of the relationship between lncRNAs and osteosarcoma, we hope to translate research findings into clinical applications as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyuan Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
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Schafer ES, Rau RE, Berg SL, Liu X, Minard CG, Bishop AJR, Romero JC, Hicks MJ, Nelson MD, Voss S, Reid JM, Fox E, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase 1/2 trial of talazoparib in combination with temozolomide in children and adolescents with refractory/recurrent solid tumors including Ewing sarcoma: A Children's Oncology Group Phase 1 Consortium study (ADVL1411). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28073. [PMID: 31724813 PMCID: PMC9134216 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a phase 1/2 trial of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 inhibitor talazoparib in combination with low-dose temozolomide (TMZ) to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), and pharmacokinetics of this combination in children with recurrent/refractory solid tumors; and to explore clinical activity in Ewing sarcoma (EWS) (NCT02116777). METHODS Talazoparib (400-600 µg/m2 /dose, maximum daily dose 800-1000 µg) was administered q.d. or b.i.d. orally on day 1 followed by q.d. dosing concomitant with q.d. dosing of oral TMZ (20-55 mg/m2 /day) on days 2 to 6, every 28 days. RESULTS Forty patients, aged 4 to 25 years, were enrolled. Talazoparib was increased to 600 µg/m2 /dose b.i.d. on day 1, and q.d. thereafter, with 20 mg/m2 /day of TMZ, without DLTs. TMZ was subsequently increased, during which dose-limiting neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in two of three subjects at 55 mg/m2 /day, two of six subjects at 40 mg/m2 /day, and one of six subjects at 30 mg/m2 /day. During dose-finding, two of five EWS and four of 25 non-EWS subjects experienced prolonged stable disease (SD), and one subject with malignant glioma experienced a partial response. In phase 2, 0 of 10 EWS subjects experienced an objective response; two experienced prolonged SD. CONCLUSIONS Talazoparib and low-dose TMZ are tolerated in children with recurrent/refractory solid tumors. Reversible neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting. The RP2D is talazoparib 600 µg/m2 b.i.d. on day 1 followed by 600 µg/m2 q.d. on days 2 to 6 (daily maximum 1000 µg) in combination with temozolomide 30 mg/m2 /day on days 2 to 6. Antitumor activity was not observed in EWS, and limited antitumor activity was observed in central nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Schafer
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
| | - Rachel E. Rau
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
| | - Stacey L. Berg
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Alexander J. R. Bishop
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - J. Carolina Romero
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Fox
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Susan M. Blaney
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
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Zhang Y, Yin C, Zhou X, Wu Y, Wang L. Silencing of estrogen receptor β promotes the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells through activating Wnt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6779-6788. [PMID: 31692529 PMCID: PMC6710541 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the specific roles of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) on the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma (OS) cells and explore the regulatory mechanisms relating with Wnt signaling pathway. Methods The expression of ERβ was detected in human OS tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. U2-OS cells were transfected with siRNA-ERβ (si-ERβ) to downregulate ERβ and treated with FH535 to inhibit Wnt signaling. The migration and invasion ability was detected by scratch and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and MMP-9 was detected by Western blot. Subcutaneous tumor-bearing model was established by injection of U2-OS cells into mice, and the tumor volumes were measured. Orthotopic transplantation model was established by transplantation of tumor tissues into the liver of mice, and the metastatic tumors were counted. Results ERβ was downregulated in human OS tissues and U2-OS cells. The transfection of si-ERβ significantly increased the scratch healing rate; the number of invasion cells; and the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and MMP-9 in U2-OS cells. The injection of si-ERβ-transfected U2-OS cells into mice significantly increased the subcutaneous tumor volume; the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7, and MMP-9; and the number of metastatic tumors in liver tissues. The promoting effects of si-ERβ on the invasion and migration of U2-OS cells were significantly reversed by FH535 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Silencing of ERβ promotes the invasion and migration of OS cells via activating Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, People's Republic of China
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Danieau G, Morice S, Rédini F, Verrecchia F, Royer BBL. New Insights about the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Primary Bone Tumors and Their Microenvironment: A Promising Target to Develop Therapeutic Strategies? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153751. [PMID: 31370265 PMCID: PMC6696068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most common malignant primary bone tumors mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults. Current standard therapy includes multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiation specifically for Ewing sarcoma, associated with tumor resection. However, patient survival has not evolved for the past decade and remains closely related to the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy, reaching around 75% at 5 years for patients with localized forms of osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma but less than 30% in metastatic diseases and patients resistant to initial chemotherapy. Despite Ewing sarcoma being characterized by specific EWSR1-ETS gene fusions resulting in oncogenic transcription factors, currently, no targeted therapy could be implemented. It seems even more difficult to develop a targeted therapeutic strategy in osteosarcoma which is characterized by high complexity and heterogeneity in genomic alterations. Nevertheless, the common point between these different bone tumors is their ability to deregulate bone homeostasis and remodeling and divert them to their benefit. Therefore, targeting different actors of the bone tumor microenvironment has been hypothesized to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this context, it is well known that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in cancer development, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma as well as in bone remodeling. Moreover, recent studies highlight the implication of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in angiogenesis and immuno-surveillance, two key mechanisms involved in metastatic dissemination. This review focuses on the role played by this signaling pathway in the development of primary bone tumors and the modulation of their specific microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Bone Neoplasms/mortality
- Bone and Bones
- Child
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/mortality
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/immunology
- Osteosarcoma/drug therapy
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/immunology
- Osteosarcoma/mortality
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/immunology
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/mortality
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
- Young Adult
- beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Danieau
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Morice
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Brounais-Le Royer
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France.
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Roberts RD, Lizardo MM, Reed DR, Hingorani P, Glover J, Allen-Rhoades W, Fan T, Khanna C, Sweet-Cordero EA, Cash T, Bishop MW, Hegde M, Sertil AR, Koelsche C, Mirabello L, Malkin D, Sorensen PH, Meltzer PS, Janeway KA, Gorlick R, Crompton BD. Provocative questions in osteosarcoma basic and translational biology: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2019; 125:3514-3525. [PMID: 31355930 PMCID: PMC6948723 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients who are diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS) today receive the same therapy that patients have received over the last 4 decades. Extensive efforts to identify more effective or less toxic regimens have proved disappointing. As we enter a postgenomic era in which we now recognize OS not as a cancer of mutations but as one defined by p53 loss, chromosomal complexity, copy number alteration, and profound heterogeneity, emerging threads of discovery leave many hopeful that an improving understanding of biology will drive discoveries that improve clinical care. Under the organization of the Bone Tumor Biology Committee of the Children's Oncology Group, a team of clinicians and scientists sought to define the state of the science and to identify questions that, if answered, have the greatest potential to drive fundamental clinical advances. Having discussed these questions in a series of meetings, each led by invited experts, we distilled these conversations into a series of seven Provocative Questions. These include questions about the molecular events that trigger oncogenesis, the genomic and epigenomic drivers of disease, the biology of lung metastasis, research models that best predict clinical outcomes, and processes for translating findings into clinical trials. Here, we briefly present each Provocative Question, review the current scientific evidence, note the immediate opportunities, and speculate on the impact that answered questions might have on the field. We do so with an intent to provide a framework around which investigators can build programs and collaborations to tackle the hardest problems and to establish research priorities for those developing policies and providing funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael M Lizardo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damon R Reed
- Sarcoma Department, Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program and Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Pooja Hingorani
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jason Glover
- Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon
| | - Wendy Allen-Rhoades
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Hospital Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Chand Khanna
- Ethos Vet Health, Woburn, Massachusetts.,Ethos Discovery (501c3), Washington, DC
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Cash
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael W Bishop
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aparna R Sertil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Christian Koelsche
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Malkin
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian D Crompton
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Novel Thienopyrimidine Derivative, RP-010, Induces β-Catenin Fragmentation and Is Efficacious against Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050711. [PMID: 31126091 PMCID: PMC6563099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thienopyrimidines containing a thiophene ring fused to pyrimidine are reported to have a wide-spectrum of anticancer efficacy in vitro. Here, we report for the first time that thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based compounds, also known as the RP series, have efficacy in prostate cancer cells. The compound RP-010 was efficacious against both PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer (PC) cells (IC50 < 1 µM). The cytotoxicity of RP-010 was significantly lower in non-PC, CHO, and CRL-1459 cell lines. RP-010 (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µM) arrested prostate cancer cells in G2 phase of the cell cycle, and induced mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in both PC cell lines. Mechanistic studies suggested that RP-010 (1 and 2 µM) affected the wingless-type MMTV (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, in association with β-catenin fragmentation, while also downregulating important proteins in the pathway, including LRP-6, DVL3, and c-Myc. Interestingly, RP-010 (1 and 2 µM) induced nuclear translocation of the negative feedback proteins, Naked 1 and Naked 2, in the Wnt pathway. In addition, RP-010 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 µM) significantly decreased the migration of PC cells in vitro. Finally, RP-010 did not produce significant toxic effects in zebrafish at concentrations of up to 6 µM. In conclusion, RP-010 may be an efficacious and relatively nontoxic anticancer compound for prostate cancer. Future mechanistic and in vivo efficacy studies are needed to optimize the hit compound RP-010 for lead optimization and clinical use.
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Abstract
Although the investigation into biomarkers specific for pulmonary metastasis within osteosarcoma (OS) has recently expanded, their usage within the clinic remains sparse. The current screening protocol after any OS diagnosis includes a chest CT scan; however, metastatic lung nodules frequently go undetected and remain the primary cause of death in OS. Recently, screening technologies such as liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing have revealed a promising array of biomarkers with predictive and diagnostic value for the pulmonary metastasis associated with OS. These biomarkers draw from genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and metabolomics. When assessed in concert, their utility is most promising as OS is a highly heterogeneous cancer. Accordingly, there has been an expansion of clinical trials not only aimed at further demonstrating the significance of these individual biomarkers but to also reveal which therapies resolve the pulmonary metastasis once detected. This review will focus on the recently discovered and novel metastatic biomarkers within OS, their molecular and cellular mechanisms, the expansion of humanized OS mouse models amenable to their testing, and the associated clinical trials aimed at managing the metastatic phase of OS.
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Zhang Z, Li P, Li T, Zhao C, Wang G. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractVelvet antler is the only renewable bone tissue of mammalian animals, which consists of a variety of growth factors, amino acids and polypeptides. But the mechanism of high-speed proliferation without carcinogenesis is still mystifying. The previous study of this work found that the velvet antler peptides (VAP) could not only inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and U2OS, but also induced U2OS apoptosis and inhibited MG-63 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through TGF-β and Notch pathways. These results lead us to conclude that VAP has the potential ability to mediate osteosarcoma cells by regulating related signaling pathways and growth factors. Therefore, finding a new appropriate inhibitor for OS is a valuable research direction, which will give patients a better chance to receive proper therapy. From an applied perspective, this review summarized the effects of velvet antler, genes, growth factors and research progress of relative pathways and genes of osteosarcoma, which are poised to help link regenerative molecular biology and regenerative medicine in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, DaGong Road, PanjinLiaoning 124221, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, DaGong Road, PanjinLiaoning 124221, China
| | - Tie Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangchunJilin 130021, China
| | - Changwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangchunJilin 130021, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangchunJilin 130021, China
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Klec C, Gutschner T, Panzitt K, Pichler M. Involvement of long non-coding RNA HULC (highly up-regulated in liver cancer) in pathogenesis and implications for therapeutic intervention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:177-186. [PMID: 30678498 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1570499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HULC (highly upregulated in liver cancer) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which is, as its name suggests, highly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and in several other cancers. Increased HULC expression levels are strongly associated with clinicopathologic features such as tumor stages and overall survival and is a driver of tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. Areas covered: This review addresses the discovery of HULC and discusses the consequences of HULC deregulation in cancer, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential of HULC as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Expert opinion: HULC is a promising candidate as a therapeutic target in cancer; however, more studies are necessary to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism(s), especially in cancer types other than hepatocellular carcinomas. Future studies that focus on an optimized HULC-targeting approach are necessary to clarify the best strategy to target this lncRNA in vivo and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Klec
- a Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical University of Graz (MUG) , Graz , Austria.,b Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing , Medical University of Graz (MUG) , Graz , Austria
| | - Tony Gutschner
- c Faculty of Medicine , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Katrin Panzitt
- d Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology , Medical University of Graz (MUG) , Graz , Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- a Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical University of Graz (MUG) , Graz , Austria.,b Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing , Medical University of Graz (MUG) , Graz , Austria.,e Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Fang F, VanCleave A, Helmuth R, Torres H, Rickel K, Wollenzien H, Sun H, Zeng E, Zhao J, Tao J. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36780-36792. [PMID: 30613366 PMCID: PMC6298399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in human osteosarcoma, which may provide a genetic vulnerability that can be targeted in osteosarcoma treatment. To test whether Wnt activation is necessary for osteosarcoma growth, colony formation, invasion, and metastasis, we treated human osteosarcoma cells with a small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin, PRI-724, which suppresses Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription. We found increased protein levels of endogenous active-β-catenin in five human osteosarcoma cell lines. Treatment with PRI-724 was sufficient to inhibit human osteosarcoma 143B and SJSA-1 cell proliferation. Suppressed Wnt signaling was confirmed by decreased protein levels of the Wnt target Cyclin D1. Furthermore, we revealed significant inhibitory effects on cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in the human osteosarcoma cells. Using deposited data from next generation sequencing studies, we analyzed somatic mutations and gene expression of components in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We found somatic mutations and upregulated gene expression of many components in the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway, indicating activated Wnt signaling. Taken together, our results illustrate the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human osteosarcoma pathogenesis and growth, as well as the therapeutic potential of Wnt inhibitors in the treatment of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ashley VanCleave
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ralph Helmuth
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- BRIN Scholar from Dakota Wesleyan University, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Haydee Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Kirby Rickel
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Hannah Wollenzien
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Departments of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Biostatistics, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology of College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Population Health Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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