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Aguilar-Chaparro MA, Rivera-Pineda SA, Hernández-Galdámez HV, Piña-Vázquez C, Villa-Treviño S. The CD44std and CD44v9 subpopulations in non-tumorigenic invasive SNU-423 cells present different features of cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2023; 72:103222. [PMID: 37844417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer, in which CD44 isoforms have been proposed as markers to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, it is unclear what characteristics are associated with CSCs that exclusively express CD44 isoforms. The objective of the present study was to determine the expression of CD44 isoforms and their properties in CSCs. Analysis of transcriptomic data from HCC patient samples identified CD44v8-10 as a potential marker in HCC. In SNU-423 cells, CD44 expression was detected in over 99% of cells, and two CD44 isoforms, namely, CD44std and CD44v9, were identified in this cell line. CD44 subpopulations, including both CD44v9+ (CD44v9) and CD44v9- (CD44std) cells, were obtained by purification using a magnetic cell separation kit for human CD44v9+ cancer stem cells. CD44v9 cells showed greater potential for colony and spheroid formation, whereas CD44std cells demonstrated significant migration and invasion capabilities. These findings suggested that CD44std and CD44v9 may be used to identify features in CSC populations and provide insights into their roles in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alejandro Aguilar-Chaparro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Sonia Andrea Rivera-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Hury Viridiana Hernández-Galdámez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Carolina Piña-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico.
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2
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Wang JL, Zhang L, Xu CZ, Qin XQ, Liu SJ, Wen BJ, Ren HZ. KRT17 serves as an oncogene biomarker of poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 3:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
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3
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Kim M, Jo KW, Kim H, Han ME, Oh SO. Genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:94-108. [PMID: 36384888 PMCID: PMC9989795 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and niche heterogeneity. Because the genetic heterogeneity of CSCs has been poorly characterized, the genetic mutation status of CSCs was examined using Exome-Seq and RNA-Seq data of liver cancer. Here we show that different surface markers for liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) showed a unique propensity for genetic mutations. Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the IRF2, BAP1, and ERBB3 genes. However, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the CTNNB1, RELN, and ROBO1 genes. In addition, some genetic mutations were frequently observed irrespective of the surface markers for LCSCs. BAP1 mutations was frequently observed in CD133-, CD24-, CD13-, CD90-, epithelial cell adhesion molecule-, or keratin 19-positive LCSCs. ASXL2, ERBB3, IRF2, TLX3, CPS1, and NFATC2 mutations were observed in more than three types of LCSCs, suggesting that common mechanisms for the development of these LCSCs. The present study provides genetic heterogeneity depending on the surface markers for LCSCs. The genetic heterogeneity of LCSCs should be considered in the development of LCSC-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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4
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2022; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Laminin-111 mutant studies reveal a hierarchy within laminin-111 genes in their requirement for basal epithelial tissue folding. Dev Biol 2022; 492:172-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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L1CAM and laminin vascular network: Association with the high-risk replacement histopathologic growth pattern in uveal melanoma liver metastases. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1214-1224. [PMID: 36775447 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement histopathologic growth pattern (rHGP) in melanoma liver metastases connotes an aggressive phenotype (vascular co-option; angiotropic extravascular migratory spread) and adverse prognosis. Herein, replacement and desmoplastic HGP (dHGP) were studied in uveal melanoma liver metastases (MUM). In particular, L1CAM and a "laminin vascular network" were detected at the advancing front of 14/20 cases (p = 0.014) and 16/20 cases (p = 6.4e-05) rHGPs, respectively, but both were absent in the dHGP (8/8 cases) (p = 0.014, and p = 6.3e-05, respectively). L1CAM highlighted progressive extension of angiotropic melanoma cells along sinusoidal vessels in a pericytic location (pericytic mimicry) into the hepatic parenchyma. An inverse relationship between L1CAM expression and melanin index (p = 0.012) suggested differentiation toward an amelanotic embryonic migratory phenotype in rHGP. Laminin labeled the basement membrane zone interposed between sinusoidal vascular channels and angiotropic melanoma cells at the advancing front. Other new findings: any percentage of rHGP and pure rHGP had a significant adverse effect on metastasis-specific overall survival (p = 0.038; p = 0.0064), as well as predominant rHGP (p = 0.0058). Pure rHGP also was associated with diminished metastasis-free survival relative to dHGP (p = 0.040), possibly having important implications for mechanisms of tumor spread. In conclusion, we report for the first time that L1CAM and a laminin vascular network are directly involved in this high-risk replacement phenotype. Further, this study provides more detailed information about the adverse prognostic effect of the rHGP in MUM.
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8
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Guizhen Z, Guanchang J, Liwen L, Huifen W, Zhigang R, Ranran S, Zujiang Y. The tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma and its targeting strategy by CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:918869. [PMID: 36093115 PMCID: PMC9452721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.918869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major subtype of liver cancer, which ranks sixth in cancer incidence and third in mortality. Although great strides have been made in novel therapy for HCC, such as immunotherapy, the prognosis remains less than satisfactory. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) exerts a significant role in the evolution of HCC and has a non-negligible impact on the efficacy of HCC treatment. In the past two decades, the success in hematological malignancies made by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy leveraging it holds great promise for cancer treatment. However, in the face of a hostile TME in solid tumors like HCC, the efficacy of CAR-T cells will be greatly compromised. Here, we provide an overview of TME features in HCC, discuss recent advances and challenges of CAR-T immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Guizhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Presion Medicine Cencter Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Guanchang
- Department of Urology People’s Hospital of Puyang, Puyang, China
| | - Liu Liwen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Presion Medicine Cencter Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Huifen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Presion Medicine Cencter Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ren Zhigang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sun Ranran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Zujiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Presion Medicine Cencter Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Shan H, Liu T, Gan H, He S, Deng J, Hu X, Li L, Cai L, He J, Long H, Cai J, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang L, Chen F, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li J, Yang L, Liu Y, Yang J, Kuang DM, Pang P, He H. RNA helicase DDX24 stabilizes LAMB1 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3074-3087. [PMID: 35763670 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of this disease could provide new therapeutic strategies for treating HCC. Here, we identified a novel role of DEAD-box helicase 24 (DDX24), a member of the DEAD-box protein family, in promoting HCC progression. DDX24 levels were significantly elevated in HCC tissues and were associated with poor prognosis of HCC. Overexpression of DDX24 promoted HCC migration and proliferation in vitro and in vivo, whereas suppression of DDX24 inhibited both functions. Mechanistically, DDX24 bound the mRNA618-624nt of laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1) and increased its stability in a manner dependent upon the interaction between nucleolin (NCL) and the C-terminal region of DDX24. Moreover, RFX8 was identified as a DDX24 promoter-binding protein that transcriptionally upregulated DDX24 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the RFX8/DDX24/LAMB1 axis promotes HCC progression, providing potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shan
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hairun Gan
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Simeng He
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinyan Hu
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Luting Li
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Li Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - JianZhong He
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haoyu Long
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianxun Cai
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hanjie Li
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fangbin Chen
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haopei Zhang
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lukun Yang
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University 5th Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, China
| | | | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Outside the United States or C, China
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Balahmar RM, Ranganathan B, Ebegboni V, Alamir J, Rajakumar A, Deepak V, Sivasubramaniam S. Analyses of selected tumour-associated factors expression in normotensive and preeclamptic placenta. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 29:36-45. [PMID: 35717832 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human placenta is often considered a controlled-tumour because of shared properties such as invasion and angiogenesis. We assessed the status of a few selected tumour-associated factors (TAFs) in late onset pre-eclamptic (PE) and normotensive (NT) placentae, to understand their involvement in trophoblast invasion. These molecules include aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1), aurora kinases (AURK-A/C), platelet derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), jagged-1 (JAG1) and twist related protein-1 (TWIST1). METHODS The expression of TAF was compared in 13 NT and 11 PE (late onset) placentae using immunoblotting/immunohistochemistry. We then used a novel spheroidal cell model developed from transformed human first trimester trophoblast cell lines HTR8/SVneo and TEV-1 to determine the expression and localization of these six factors during invasion. We also compared the expression of these TAFs during migration and invasion. RESULTS Our results suggest that expressions of ALDH3A1, AURK-A, PDGFRα, and TWIST1 are significantly upregulated in PE placentae (p < 0.05) when compared to NT placentae, whereas AURK-C and JAG1 are down-regulated (p < 0.05). The protein expression pattern of all the six factors were found to be similar in spheroids in comparison to their parental counterparts. The invasive potential of the spheroids was also enhanced when compared with the parental cells. DISCUSSION Collectively, data from our present study suggests that these TAFs are involved in placental invasion and their altered expressions may be regarded as a compensatory mechanism against reduced invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Balahmar
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Ranganathan
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vernon Ebegboni
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jumanah Alamir
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Augustine Rajakumar
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics(3), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Venkataraman Deepak
- School of Human Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
| | - Shiva Sivasubramaniam
- School of Human Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
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11
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Comparetti EJ, Ferreira NN, Ferreira LMB, Kaneno R, Zucolotto V. Immunomodulatory properties of nanostructured systems for cancer therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1166-1181. [PMID: 35043549 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on statistical data reported in 2020, cancer was responsible for approximately 10 million deaths. Furthermore, 17 million new cases were diagnosed worldwide. Nanomedicine and immunotherapy have shown satisfactory clinical results among all scientific and technological alternatives for the treatment of cancer patients. Immunotherapy-based treatments comprise the consideration of new alternatives to hinder neoplastic proliferation and to reduce adverse events in the body, thereby promoting immune destruction of diseased cells. Additionally, nanostructured systems have been proven to elicit specific immune responses that may enhance anti-tumor activity. A new generation of nanomedicines, based on biomimetic and bioinspired systems, has been proposed to target tumors by providing immunomodulatory features and by enabling recovery of human immune destruction capacity against cancer cells. This review provides an overview of the aspects and the mechanisms by which nanomedicines can be used to enhance clinical procedures using the immune modulatory responses of nanoparticles (NPs) in the host defense system. We initially outline the cancer statistics for conventional and new treatment approaches providing a brief description of the human host defense system and basic principles of NP interactions with monocytes, leukocytes, and dendritic cells for the modulation of antitumor immune responses. A report on different biomimetic and bioinspired systems is also presented here and their particularities in cancer treatments are addressed, highlighting their immunomodulatory properties. Finally, we propose future perspectives regarding this new therapeutic strategy, highlighting the main challenges for future use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson J Comparetti
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Natalia N Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M B Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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12
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Afify SM, Hassan G, Ishii H, Monzur S, Nawara HM, Osman A, Abu Quora HA, Sheta M, Zahra MH, Seno A, Seno M. Functional and Molecular Characters of Cancer Stem Cells Through Development to Establishment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:83-101. [PMID: 36587303 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are small subpopulation sharing similar properties like normal stem such as self-renewal and differentiation potential to direct tumor growth. Last few years, scientists considered CSCs as the cause of phenotypic heterogeneity in diverse cancer types. Also, CSCs contribute to cancer metastasis and recurrence. The cellular and molecular regulators influence on the CSCs' phenotype changing their behaviors in different stages of cancer progression. CSC markers play significance roles in cancer diagnosis and characterization. We delineate the cross-talks between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment that supports their intrinsic properties including survival, stemness, quiescence and their cellular and molecular adaptation. An insight into the markers of CSCs specific to organs is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Afify
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum, 32511, Egypt
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Hiroko Ishii
- GSP Enterprise, Inc, 1-4-38 12F Minato-Machi, Naniwaku, Osaka, 556-0017, Japan
| | - Sadia Monzur
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Amira Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Hagar A Abu Quora
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Cytology, Histology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mona Sheta
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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13
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El Raziky M, Abdel Hafez H, Elsharkawy A, Moneer TA, EL-Sheikh SM, Maher RM, Sharaf SA. Serum level of cytokeratin 19 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The heterogeneous nature of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) impedes both treatment strategies and prognostic predictions. Several markers have been proposed for the diagnosis of HCC. Cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been known as cellular integrators in neoplasm formation. Hepatic progenitor cells are thought to express alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hematopoietic as well as biliary markers such as cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) and cytokeratin 7. The aim of this study was to verify the role of serum CK 19 alone or in combination with AFP as a diagnostic marker of HCC and to assess the changes in its levels after ablation of HCV-related HCC to evaluate its role as a predictor marker for recurrence of HCC after ablation. The study was conducted on 102 HCV-related cirrhotic patients categorized into three different groups according to the clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation: group I—62 patients with early or intermediate HCC who underwent locoregional intervention, group II—20 patients with advanced HCC not fit for any intervention apart from best supportive treatment, and group III—20 cirrhotic patients with no evidence of HCC as proved by two imaging techniques.
Results
The mean serum levels of CK 19 were 6.5 ± 5.7, 10.5 ± 12.5, and 6.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml in groups I, II, and III, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of combined AFP and human CK 19 at cutoff levels of 25.5 ng/ml and 6.25 ng/ml were 93.9%, 45%, 87.5%, and 64.3%, respectively. In group I patients, CK 19 levels were comparable in patients with ablated focal lesion and those who did not at baseline; then, it was significantly higher in ablated patients than in patients with residual tumor 1 and 6 months after the intervention.
Conclusions
Combination of both AFP and CK 19 levels could increase the diagnostic accuracy of suspected HCCs. CK 19 levels are good predictors of ablation/recurrence in patients who underwent interventional procedures minimizing the need for follow-up imaging modalities.
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14
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Zhuo J, Lu D, Lin Z, Yang X, Yang M, Wang J, Tao Y, Wen X, Li H, Lian Z, Cen B, Dong S, Wei X, Xie H, Zheng S, Shen Y, Xu X. The distinct responsiveness of cytokeratin 19-positive hepatocellular carcinoma to regorafenib. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1084. [PMID: 34785656 PMCID: PMC8595883 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19-positive (CK19+) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by early recurrence and chemotherapy tolerance. However, there is no specific therapeutic option for CK19+ HCC. The correlation between tumor recurrence and expression status of CK19 were studied in 206 patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. CK19-/+ HCC cells were isolated to screen effective antitumor drugs. The therapeutic effects of regorafenib were evaluated in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from 10 HCC patients. The mechanism of regorafenib on CK19+ HCC was investigated. CK19 positiveness indicated aggressiveness of tumor and higher recurrence risk of HCC after liver transplantation. The isolated CK19+ HCC cells had more aggressive behaviors than CK19- cells. Regorafenib preferentially increased the growth inhibition and apoptosis of CK19+ cells in vitro, whereas sorafenib, apatinib, and 5-fluorouracil did not. In PDX models from CK19-/+ HCC patients, the tumor control rate of regorafenib achieved 80% for CK19+ HCCs, whereas 0% for CK19- HCCs. RNA-sequencing revealed that CK19+ cells had elevated expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, which are essential for mitochondrial function. Further experiments confirmed that regorafenib attenuated the mitochondrial respiratory capacity in CK19+ cells. However, the mitochondrial respiration in CK19- cells were faint and hardly repressed by regorafenib. The mitochondrial respiration was regulated by the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which was inhibited by regorafenib in CK19+ cells. Hence, CK19 could be a potential marker of the therapeutic benefit of regorafenib, which facilitates the individualized therapy for HCC. STAT3/mitochondria axis determines the distinct response of CK19+ cells to regorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoye Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beini Cen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Dong
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Kim SH, Seung BJ, Cho SH, Lim HY, Bae MK, Sur JH. Arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein are downregulated in canine hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e61. [PMID: 34423599 PMCID: PMC8460467 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy in humans and dogs. Several differentially expressed molecules have been studied and reported in human hepatocellular carcinoma and non-neoplastic liver lesions. However, studies on the features of canine hepatocellular carcinoma are limited, especially related to the differential characteristics of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Objectives The study's objective was 1) to examine and evaluate the expression of arginase-1, P-glycoprotein, and cytokeratin 19 in canine liver tissues and 2) to investigate the differential features of hepatocellular carcinomas, liver tissue with non-neoplastic lesions, and paracancerous liver tissues in dogs. Methods The expression levels of three markers underwent immunohistochemical analysis in 40 non-neoplastic liver tissues, 32 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, and 11 paracancerous liver tissues. Scoring of each marker was performed semi-quantitatively. Results Arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein were significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with hepatic tissues with non-neoplastic diseases (p < 0.001). Expression levels of arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein were also significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma than in paracancerous liver tissues (arginase-1, p = 0.0195; P-glycoprotein, p = 0.047). Few cytokeratin 19-positive hepatocytes were detected and only in one hepatocellular carcinoma and one cirrhotic liver sample. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that downregulation of arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein is a feature of canine hepatocellular carcinoma; thus, those markers are potential candidates for use in differentiating hepatocellular carcinomas from non-neoplastic liver lesions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Seung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Lim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Bae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyang Sur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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16
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Goddi A, Schroedl L, Brey EM, Cohen RN. Laminins in metabolic tissues. Metabolism 2021; 120:154775. [PMID: 33857525 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are extracellular matrix proteins that reside in the basement membrane and provide structural support in addition to promoting cellular adhesion and migration. Through interactions with cell surface receptors, laminins stimulate intracellular signaling cascades which direct specific survival and differentiation outcomes. In metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, adipose, muscle, and liver, laminin isoforms are expressed in discrete temporal and spatial patterns suggesting that certain isoforms may support the development and function of particular metabolic cell types. This review focuses on the research to date detailing the expression of laminin isoforms, their potential function, as well as known pathways involved in laminin signaling in metabolic tissues. We will also discuss the current biomedical therapies involving laminins in these tissues in addition to prospective applications, with the goal being to encourage future investigation of laminins in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liesl Schroedl
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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17
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Reungoat E, Grigorov B, Zoulim F, Pécheur EI. Molecular Crosstalk between the Hepatitis C Virus and the Extracellular Matrix in Liver Fibrogenesis and Early Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092270. [PMID: 34065048 PMCID: PMC8125929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the era of direct-acting antivirals against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), curing chronic hepatitis C has become a reality. However, while replicating chronically, HCV creates a peculiar state of inflammation and oxidative stress in the infected liver, which fuels DNA damage at the onset of HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This cancer, the second leading cause of death by cancer, remains of bad prognosis when diagnosed. This review aims to decipher how HCV durably alters elements of the extracellular matrix that compose the liver microenvironment, directly through its viral proteins or indirectly through the induction of cytokine secretion, thereby leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, HCC. Abstract Chronic infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases, predisposing to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is characterized by an overly abundant accumulation of components of the hepatic extracellular matrix, such as collagen and elastin, with consequences on the properties of this microenvironment and cancer initiation and growth. This review will provide an update on mechanistic concepts of HCV-related liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and early stages of carcinogenesis, with a dissection of the molecular details of the crosstalk during disease progression between hepatocytes, the extracellular matrix, and hepatic stellate cells.
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18
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Ran T, Chen Z, Zhao L, Ran W, Fan J, Hong S, Yang Z. LAMB1 Is Related to the T Stage and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211004944. [PMID: 33784890 PMCID: PMC8020091 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211004944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Laminin is an indispensable component of basement membrane and extracellular matrix, which is responsible for bridging the internal and external environment of cells and transmitting signals. This study mainly explored the association of the LAMB1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer. METHODS The expression data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). And we analyzed the relationship between LAMB1 expression and clinical characteristics through R. CIBERSORTx was used to calculate the absolute score of immune cells in gastric tumor tissues. Then COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to evaluate the role of LAMB1 and its influence on prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Finally, GO and KEGG analysis were applied for LAMB1-related genes in gastric cancer, and PPI network was constructed in Cytoscape software. RESULTS In the TCGA cohort, patients with gastric cancer frequently generated LAMB1 gene copy number variation, but had little effect on mRNA expression. Both in the TCGA and ACRG cohorts, the mRNA expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than it in normal tissues. All patients were divided into high expression group and low expression group according to the median expression level of LAMB1. The elevated expression group obviously had more advanced cases and higher infiltration levels of M2 macrophages. COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with enhanced expression of LAMB1 have a worse prognosis. GO/KEGG analysis showed that LAMB1-related genes were enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, etc. CONCLUSIONS The high expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer is related to the poor prognosis of patients, and it may be related to microenvironmental changes in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiJi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - LiWen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ran
- The Fourth Department of Infectious Disease, Chongqing Public Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - JinYu Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - SiYa Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhaoXia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Distinct DNA methylation patterns associated with treatment resistance in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6630. [PMID: 33758253 PMCID: PMC7988053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens are a major driver of prostate cancer (PCa) and continue to be a critical treatment target for advanced disease, which includes castration therapy and antiandrogens. However, resistance to these therapies leading to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and the emergence of treatment-induced neuroendocrine disease (tNEPC) remains an ongoing challenge. Instability of the DNA methylome is well established as a major hallmark of PCa development and progression. Therefore, investigating the dynamics of the methylation changes going from the castration sensitive to the tNEPC state would provide insights into novel mechanisms of resistance. Using an established xenograft model of CRPC, genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on cell lines representing various stages of PCa progression. We confirmed extensive methylation changes with the development of CRPC and tNEPC using this model. This included key genes and pathways associated with cellular differentiation and neurodevelopment. Combined analysis of methylation and gene expression changes further highlighted genes that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets. Furthermore, tNEPC-related methylation signals from this model were detectable in circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) from mCRPC patients undergoing androgen-targeting therapies and were associated with a faster time to clinical progression. These potential biomarkers could help with identifying patients with aggressive disease.
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Zhang X, Xu X, Zhang Z, Xue C, Kong Z, Wu S, Yun X, Fu Y, Zhu C, Qin X. Linc-KILH potentiates Notch1 signaling through inhibiting KRT19 phosphorylation and promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:768-780. [PMID: 33767587 PMCID: PMC7975697 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators in the pathophysiological process of various tumors, including HCC. Here, we identify a novel lncRNA Linc-KILH (KRT19 interacting long noncoding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma), which is significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and positively correlated with larger tumor size, severer microvascular invasion, more intrahepatic metastasis and decreased survival of HCC patients. Silence of Linc-KILH remarkably inhibited the proliferation and metastasis abilities of KRT19-positive HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Linc-KILH interacts with KRT19 and then inhibits the phosphorylation of KRT19 on Ser35, thereby, enhancing the translocation of KRT19 from cytoplasm to membrane in KRT19 positive HCC cells. Additionally, we validated that KRT19 interacts with β-catenin but not RAC1 in HCC cells. Linc-KILH enhanced the interaction between β-catenin and KRT19 in cytoplasm and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in HCC cells. Furthermore, Linc-KILH could enhance the promoting function of KRT19 on Notch1 signaling with the existence of KRT19 in HCC cells. Collectively, we revealed that Linc-KILH exerts a vital function in KRT19 positive HCC progression and may likely be developed into an effective therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- School of medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zechuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cailin Xue
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Kong
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yun
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xihu Qin
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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21
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Upregulation of LAMB1 via ERK/c-Jun Axis Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth and Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020626. [PMID: 33435161 PMCID: PMC7826975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a poor survival rate. Therefore, it is important to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer. Laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1) is involved in attachment, migration, and organization during development, and its elevated expression has been associated with several cancers. However, the role and mechanism of LAMB1 in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we determined that LAMB1 is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and contributes to cell growth and motility. Using a public database, we showed that LAMB1 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer compared to normal tissues. LAMB1 was also found to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Overexpression of LAMB1 elevated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; however, knockdown of LAMB1 decreased these effects in gastric cancer cells. U0126, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, regulated the expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, we showed that c-Jun directly binds to the LAMB1 promoter as a transcription factor and regulates its gene expression via the ERK pathway in gastric cancer cells. Therefore, our study indicates that LAMB1 promotes cell growth and motility via the ERK/c-Jun axis and is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
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22
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Rhee H, Kim H, Park YN. Clinico-Radio-Pathological and Molecular Features of Hepatocellular Carcinomas with Keratin 19 Expression. Liver Cancer 2020; 9:663-681. [PMID: 33442539 PMCID: PMC7768132 DOI: 10.1159/000510522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous neoplasm, both from the molecular and histomorphological aspects. One example of heterogeneity is the expression of keratin 19 (K19) in a subset (4-28%) of HCCs. The presence of K19 expression in HCCs has important clinical implications, as K19-positive HCCs have been associated with aggressive tumor biology and poor prognosis. Histomorphologically, K19-positive HCCs demonstrate a more infiltrative appearance, poor histological differentiation, more frequent vascular invasion, and more intratumoral fibrous stroma than K19-negative conventional HCCs. From the molecular aspect, K19-positive HCCs have been matched with various gene signatures that have been associated with stemness and poor prognosis, including the G1-3 groups, S2 class, cluster A, proliferation signature, and vascular invasion signature. K19-positive HCCs also show upregulated signatures related to transforming growth factor-β pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The main regulators of K19 expression include hepatocyte growth factor-MET paracrine signaling by cancer-associated fibroblast, epidermal growth factor-epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, laminin, and DNA methylation. Clinically, higher serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, frequent association with chronic hepatitis B, more invasive growth, and lymph node metastasis have been shown to be characteristics of K19-positive HCCs. Radiologic features including atypical enhancement patterns, absence of tumor capsules, and irregular tumor margins can be a clue for K19-positive HCCs. From a therapeutic standpoint, K19-positive HCCs have been associated with poor outcomes after curative resection or liver transplantation, and resistance to systemic chemotherapy and locoregional treatment, including transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation. In this review, we summarize the currently available knowledge on the clinico-radio-pathological and molecular features of K19-expressing HCCs, including a detailed discussion on the regulation mechanism of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Rhee
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Young Nyun Park, Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 (Republic of Korea),
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23
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Zeng T, Tang Z, Liang L, Suo D, Li L, Li J, Yuan Y, Guan XY, Li Y. PDSS2-Del2, a new variant of PDSS2, promotes tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma via activating NF-κB. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:3184-3197. [PMID: 33064899 PMCID: PMC7718950 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Our previous study identified a novel alternative splicing variant of prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2) in HCC characterized by a deletion of exon 2, named PDSS2‐Del2, which is devoid of the tumor‐suppressive function of full‐length PDSS2 (PDSS2‐FL). To better understand the clinical significance of PDSS2‐Del2, we performed a BaseScope™ assay on an HCC tissue microarray and found that positive staining for PDSS2‐Del2 predicted a worse overall survival in patients with HCC (P = 0.02). PDSS2‐Del2 levels correlated significantly with microvessel counts in HCC tumor tissues. Importantly, PDSS2‐Del2 overexpression functionally promoted HCC metastasis, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo migration assays. In vivo assays also demonstrated that PDSS2‐Del2 increased angiogenesis in xenografts. Furthermore, we discovered that elevated PDSS2‐Del2 expression in HCC tumor cells decreased fumarate levels and activated the canonical nuclear factor‐κB pathway. The epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathways were also activated by overexpression. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a fumaric acid ester, effectively reduced the metastasis induced by PDSS2‐Del2 as observed with in vivo spleen‐liver metastasis animal experiments. DMF is a prescribed oral therapy for multiple sclerosis and it might be a potential treatment for metastasis of patients with HCC. Early clinical trials are needed to validate its potential in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lili Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daqin Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Masi I, Caprara V, Bagnato A, Rosanò L. Tumor Cellular and Microenvironmental Cues Controlling Invadopodia Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584181. [PMID: 33178698 PMCID: PMC7593604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the metastatic progression, invading cells might achieve degradation and subsequent invasion into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the underlying vasculature using invadopodia, F-actin-based and force-supporting protrusive membrane structures, operating focalized proteolysis. Their formation is a dynamic process requiring the combined and synergistic activity of ECM-modifying proteins with cellular receptors, and the interplay with factors from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Significant advances have been made in understanding how invadopodia are assembled and how they progress in degradative protrusions, as well as their disassembly, and the cooperation between cellular signals and ECM conditions governing invadopodia formation and activity, holding promise to translation into the identification of molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. These findings have revealed the existence of biochemical and mechanical interactions not only between the actin cores of invadopodia and specific intracellular structures, including the cell nucleus, the microtubular network, and vesicular trafficking players, but also with elements of the TME, such as stromal cells, ECM components, mechanical forces, and metabolic conditions. These interactions reflect the complexity and intricate regulation of invadopodia and suggest that many aspects of their formation and function remain to be determined. In this review, we will provide a brief description of invadopodia and tackle the most recent findings on their regulation by cellular signaling as well as by inputs from the TME. The identification and interplay between these inputs will offer a deeper mechanistic understanding of cell invasion during the metastatic process and will help the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Masi
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Caprara
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Bagnato
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
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25
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are important regulators of RNA metabolism and are of critical importance in all steps of the gene expression cascade. The role of aberrantly expressed RBPs in human disease is an exciting research field and the potential application of RBPs as a therapeutic target or a diagnostic marker represents a fast-growing area of research.Aberrant overexpression of the human RNA-binding protein La has been found in various cancer entities including lung, cervical, head and neck, and chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Cancer-associated La protein supports tumour-promoting processes such as proliferation, mobility, invasiveness and tumour growth. Moreover, the La protein maintains the survival of cancer cells by supporting an anti-apoptotic state that may cause resistance to chemotherapeutic therapy.The human La protein represents a multifunctional post-translationally modified RNA-binding protein with RNA chaperone activity that promotes processing of non-coding precursor RNAs but also stimulates the translation of selective messenger RNAs encoding tumour-promoting and anti-apoptotic factors. In our model, La facilitates the expression of those factors and helps cancer cells to cope with cellular stress. In contrast to oncogenes, able to initiate tumorigenesis, we postulate that the aberrantly elevated expression of the human La protein contributes to the non-oncogenic addiction of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the implications of the RNA-binding protein La in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The concept of exploiting the RBP La as a cancer drug target will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhild Sommer
- Department for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Heise
- Department for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Zhuo JY, Lu D, Tan WY, Zheng SS, Shen YQ, Xu X. CK19-positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a Characteristic Subtype. J Cancer 2020; 11:5069-5077. [PMID: 32742454 PMCID: PMC7378918 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly leads to therapeutic failure of HCC. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is well acknowledged as a biliary/progenitor cell marker and a marker of tumor stem cell. CK19-positive HCCs demonstrate aggressive behaviors and poor outcomes which including worse overall survival and early tumor recurrence after hepatectomy and liver transplantation. CK19-positive HCCs are resistant to chemotherapies as well as local treatment. This subset of HCC is thought to derive from liver progenitor cells and can be induced by extracellular stimulation such as hypoxia. Besides being a stemness marker, CK19 plays an important role in promoting malignant property of HCC. The regulatory network associated with CK19 expression has been summarized that extracellular stimulations which transmit into cytoplasm through signal transduction pathways (TGF-β, MAKP/JNK and MEK-ERK1/2), further induce important nuclear transcriptional factors (SALL4, AP1, SP1) to activate CK19 promoter. Novel noncoding RNAs are also involved in the regulation of CK19 expression. TGFβR1 becomes a therapeutic target for CK19-positive HCC. In conclusion, CK19 can be a potential biomarker for predicting poor prognosis after surgical and adjuvant therapies. CK19-pisitive HCCs exhibit distinctive molecular profiling, should be diagnosed and treated as a separate subtype of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Win-Yen Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You-Qing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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27
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Cervello M, Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. New landscapes and horizons in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3053-3094. [PMID: 32018226 PMCID: PMC7041742 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the sixth most frequent form of cancer and leads to the fourth highest number of deaths each year. HCC results from a combination of environmental factors and aging as there are driver mutations at oncogenes which occur during aging. Most of HCCs are diagnosed at advanced stage preventing curative therapies. Treatment in advanced stage is a challenging and pressing problem, and novel and well-tolerated therapies are urgently needed. We will discuss further advances beyond sorafenib that target additional signaling pathways and immune checkpoint proteins. The scenario of possible systemic therapies for patients with advanced HCC has changed dramatically in recent years. Personalized genomics and various other omics approaches may identify actionable biochemical targets, which are activated in individual patients, which may enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify predictive biomarkers and aberrantly activated signaling pathways capable of guiding the clinician in choosing the most appropriate therapy for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R. Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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28
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Hong S, Liu D, Luo S, Fang W, Zhan J, Fu S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhou H, Chen X, Chen G, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, Li X, Chen J, Liu X, Lei M, Ye C, Wang J, Yang H, Xu X, Zhu S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou N, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wu K, Zhang L. The genomic landscape of Epstein-Barr virus-associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3108. [PMID: 31311932 PMCID: PMC6635366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of primary lung cancer characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Herein, we reported the mutational landscape of pulmonary LELC using whole-exome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We identify a low degree of somatic mutation but widespread existence of copy number variations. We reveal predominant signature 2 mutations and frequent loss of type I interferon genes that are involved in the host-virus counteraction. Integrated analysis shows enrichment of genetic lesions affecting several critical pathways, including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and cell cycle. Notably, multi-dimensional comparison unveils that pulmonary LELC resemble NPC but are clearly different from other lung cancers, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma or EBV-related gastric cancer in terms of genetic features. In all, our study illustrates a distinct genomic landscape of pulmonary LELC and provides a road map to facilitate genome-guided personalized treatment. The rare lung cancer subtype pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Here, the authors provide a mutational landscape for this cancer, showing a low burden of somatic mutations and high prevalence of copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuzhen Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Mengyue Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Ye
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China. .,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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Phosphorylation mapping of Laminin β1-chain: Kinases in association with active sites. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Verrou KM, Galliou PA, Papaioannou M, Koliakos G. Phosphorylation mapping of Laminin β1-chain: Kinases in association with active sites. J Biosci 2019; 44:55. [PMID: 31180068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laminins are a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Laminin-111, the most extensively studied laminin isoform, consists of the α1, the β1 and the γ1 chain, and is involved in many cellular processes, like adhesion, migration and differentiation. Given the regulatory role of phosphorylation in protein function, it is important to identify the phosphorylation sites of human laminin β1-chain sequence (LAMB1). Therefore, we computationally predicted all possible phosphorylation sites in LAMB1. For the first time, we identified the possibly responsible kinases for already in vitro experimentally observed phosphorylated residues in LAMB1. All known functional (active) sites of LAMB1, were recorded after an extensive literature search and combined with the experimentally observed and our predicted phosphorylated residues. This generated a detailed phosphorylation map of LAMB1. Five kinases (PKA, PKC, CKII, CKI and GPCR1) were indicated important, while the role of PKA, PKC and CKII, kinases known for ectophosphorylation activity, was highlighted. The activity of PKA and PKC was associated with the active site RIQNLLKITNLRIKFVKLHTLGDNLLDS. Also, predicted phosphorylations inside two amyloidogenic (DSITKYFQMSLE, VILQHSAADIAR) and two anti-cancerous (YIGSR and PDSGR) sites suggested a possible role in the development of the corresponding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleio-Maria Verrou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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31
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Intermediate Filaments as Effectors of Cancer Development and Metastasis: A Focus on Keratins, Vimentin, and Nestin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050497. [PMID: 31126068 PMCID: PMC6562751 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins make up the largest family of cytoskeletal proteins in metazoans, and are traditionally known for their roles in fostering structural integrity in cells and tissues. Remarkably, individual IF genes are tightly regulated in a fashion that reflects the type of tissue, its developmental and differentiation stages, and biological context. In cancer, IF proteins serve as diagnostic markers, as tumor cells partially retain their original signature expression of IF proteins. However, there are also characteristic alterations in IF gene expression and protein regulation. The use of high throughput analytics suggests that tumor-associated alterations in IF gene expression have prognostic value. Parallel research is also showing that IF proteins directly and significantly impact several key cellular properties, including proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness, with a demonstrated impact on the development, progression, and characteristics of various tumors. In this review, we draw from recent studies focused on three IF proteins most associated with cancer (keratins, vimentin, and nestin) to highlight how several “hallmarks of cancer” described by Hanahan and Weinberg are impacted by IF proteins. The evidence already in hand establishes that IF proteins function beyond their classical roles as markers and serve as effectors of tumorigenesis.
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Van Haele M, Snoeck J, Roskams T. Human Liver Regeneration: An Etiology Dependent Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092332. [PMID: 31083462 PMCID: PMC6539121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the liver has been an interesting and well-investigated topic for many decades. This etiology and time-dependent mechanism has proven to be extremely challenging to investigate, certainly in human diseases. A reason for this challenge is found in the numerous interactions of different cell components, of which some are even only temporarily present (e.g., inflammatory cells). To orchestrate regeneration of the epithelial cells, their interaction with the non-epithelial components is of utmost importance. Hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, liver progenitor cells, and peribiliary glands have proven to be compartments of regeneration. The ductular reaction is a common denominator in virtually all liver diseases; however, it is predominantly found in late-stage hepatic and biliary diseases. Ductular reaction is an intriguing example of interplay between epithelial and non-epithelial cells and encompasses bipotential liver progenitor cells which are able to compensate for the loss of the exhausted hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in biliary and hepatocytic liver diseases. In this manuscript, we focus on the etiology-specific damage that is observed in different human diseases and how the liver regulates the regenerative response in an acute and chronic setting. Furthermore, we describe the importance of morphological keynotes in different etiologies and how spatial information is of relevance for every basic and translational research of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Janne Snoeck
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Ke RS, Cai QC, Chen YT, Lv LZ, Jiang Y. Diagnosis and treatment of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-019-0573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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YAP and TAZ Heterogeneity in Primary Liver Cancer: An Analysis of Its Prognostic and Diagnostic Role. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030638. [PMID: 30717258 PMCID: PMC6386931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer comprises a diverse group of liver tumors. The heterogeneity of these tumors is seen as one of the obstacles to finding an effective therapy. The Hippo pathway, with its downstream transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), has a decisive role in the carcinogenesis of primary liver cancer. Therefore, we examined the expression pattern of YAP and TAZ in 141 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma keratin 19 positive (HCC K19+), hepatocellular carcinoma keratin 19 negative (HCC K19−), combined hepatocellular–cholangiocarcinoma carcinoma (cHCC-CCA), or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). All cHCC-CCA and CCA patients showed high expression levels for YAP and TAZ, while only some patients of the HCC group were positive. Notably, we found that a histoscore of both markers is useful in the challenging diagnosis of cHCC-CCA. In addition, positivity for YAP and TAZ was observed in the hepatocellular and cholangiocellular components of cHCC-CCA, which suggests a single cell origin in cHCC-CCA. Within the K19− HCC group, our results demonstrate that the expression of YAP is a statistically significant predictor of poor prognosis when observed in the cytoplasm. Nuclear expression of TAZ is an even more specific and independent predictor of poor disease-free survival and overall survival of K19− HCC patients. Our results thus identify different levels of YAP/TAZ expression in various liver cancers that can be used for diagnostics.
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Govaere O, Cockell S, Van Haele M, Wouters J, Van Delm W, Van den Eynde K, Bianchi A, van Eijsden R, Van Steenbergen W, Monbaliu D, Nevens F, Roskams T. High-throughput sequencing identifies aetiology-dependent differences in ductular reaction in human chronic liver disease. J Pathol 2019; 248:66-76. [PMID: 30584802 DOI: 10.1002/path.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ductular reaction (DR) represents the activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and has been associated with features of advanced chronic liver disease; yet it is not clear whether these cells contribute to disease progression and how the composition of their micro-environment differs depending on the aetiology. This study aimed to identify HPC-associated signalling pathways relevant in different chronic liver diseases using a high-throughput sequencing approach. DR/HPCs were isolated using laser microdissection from patient samples diagnosed with HCV or primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), as models for hepatocellular or biliary regeneration. Key signals were validated at the protein level for a cohort of 56 patients (20 early and 36 advanced stage). In total, 330 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the HPCs in HCV and PSC. Recruitment and homing of inflammatory cells were distinctly different depending on the aetiology. HPCs in PSC were characterised by a response to oxidative stress (e.g. JUN, VNN1) and neutrophil-attractant chemokines (CXCL5, CXCL6, IL-8), whereas HPCs in HCV were identified by T- and B-lymphocyte infiltration. Moreover, we found that communication between HPCs and macrophages was aetiology driven. In PSC, a high frequency of CCL28-positive macrophages was observed in the portal infiltrate, already in early disease in the absence of advanced fibrosis, while in HCV, HPCs showed a strong expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor MARCO. Interestingly, DR/HPCs in PSC showed more deposition of ECM (e.g. FN1, LAMC2, collagens) compared to HCV, where an increase of pro-invasive genes (e.g. PDGFRA, IGF2) was observed. Additionally, endothelial cells in the vicinity of DR/HPCs showed differential immunopositivity (e.g. IGF2 and INHBA expression). In conclusion, our data shine light on the role of DR/HPCs in immune signalling, fibrogenesis and angiogenesis in chronic liver disease. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Wouters
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kathleen Van den Eynde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arianna Bianchi
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Saha SK, Yin Y, Chae HS, Cho SG. Opposing Regulation of Cancer Properties via KRT19-Mediated Differential Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin/Notch Signaling in Breast and Colon Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010099. [PMID: 30650643 PMCID: PMC6357186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Keratin 19 (KRT19) has been reported as a tumor cell marker and found to interact with other proteins that modulate cancer properties, its role in cancer prognosis remains to be fully elucidated. We found that KRT19 expression was increased in both colon and breast cancer, but that knockdown of KRT19 showed opposing effects on cancer properties. In colon cancer, KRT19 knockdown resulted in suppression of cancer via downregulation of Wnt/Notch signaling without altering NUMB transcription. In breast cancer, KRT19 knockdown led to an increase in cancer properties because of attenuated Wnt and enhanced Notch signaling. In colon cancer, KRT19 interacted with β-catenin but not with RAC1, allowing the LEF/TCF transcription factor to bind primarily to the LEF1 and TCF7 promoter regions, whereas in breast cancer, KRT19 interacted with the β-catenin/RAC1 complex and led to apparent upregulation of NUMB expression and NUMB-mediated suppression of Notch signaling. These results reveal a novel differential role of KRT19 in carcinogenesis, due to differential modulation of Wnt/β-catenin/Notch signaling crosstalk through various interactions of KRT19 with only β-catenin or with the β-catenin/RAC1 complex, which might have implications for clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yingfu Yin
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Sung Chae
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Staudacher AH, Li Y, Liapis V, Hou JJC, Chin D, Dolezal O, Adams TE, van Berkel PH, Brown MP. APOMAB Antibody–Drug Conjugates Targeting Dead Tumor Cells are Effective In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:335-345. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu J, Liu L, Cao L, Wen Q. Keratin 17 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression by Enhancing Cell Proliferation and Invasion. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4782-4790. [PMID: 29991674 PMCID: PMC6069497 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Keratin 17 (KRT17) was reported to promote the tumor development of skin tumor and oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of KRT17 in LAC. Material/Methods Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative PCR were performed to explore the expression of KRT17 in both LAC tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues. Chi-square test, univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis were conducted to statistically evaluate the clinical significance of KRT17 in LAC. Proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of LAC cells were assessed after overexpression or silencing KRT17. Results Both the RNA and protein levels of KRT17 were up-regulated in LAC tissues compared to normal lung tissues. High expression of KRT17 was correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor overall survival. Moreover, KRT17 was identified as a novel independent prognostic factor for LAC patients. Cellular studies showed that KRT17 can enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of LAC cells, thereby promoting tumor progression. Conclusions High expression of KRT17 is frequent in LAC tissues, which promotes tumor proliferation and invasion, and is correlated with a poor overall survival. Targeting KRT17 may be a novel direction for LAC drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Department of Public Health, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Liu
- General Department of Health and Geriatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lina Cao
- General Department of Health and Geriatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Wen
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland).,Third Department of Internal Medicine, East District of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Thongchot S, Ferraresi A, Vidoni C, Loilome W, Yongvanit P, Namwat N, Isidoro C. Resveratrol interrupts the pro-invasive communication between cancer associated fibroblasts and cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:160-171. [PMID: 29802929 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the cancer arising from the epithelial cells of bile ducts, is a prototype of inflammatory-driven cancer. Cytokines released by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in CCA progression, driving the epigenetic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition and the growth and metastasization of CCA cells. Consistently, the conditioned medium from CCA-derived CAFs further stimulated the secretion of IL-6, and to a lesser extent of IL-8, by CCA cells. CCA has a poor prognosis, because of late diagnosis and of high resistance to radio- and chemo-therapy of CCA cells. Targeting the CAFs and their secretion could be an alternative option. We found that while IL-6 indeed promoted the cell migration of invasive CCA cells, the nutraceutical Resveratrol strongly counteracted this effect both in CCA cells and in immortalized cholangiocytes. More importantly, here we show that Resveratrol has the potential to abrogate the secretion of IL-6 by CAFs. While the conditioned medium from CAFs strongly induced IL-6 mediated motility of CCA cells, the conditioned medium from CAFs pre-treated with Resveratrol completely halted cancer cell motility and reverted the N-to E-cadherin switch in migrating cells. This effect was associated with stimulation of autophagy in the cancer cells. This is the first demonstration that CAFs secretory products directly affect the regulation of autophagy and consequently the behavior of CCA cells, and that a nutraceutical may revert the malignant phenotype of cancer cells by acting on CAFs metabolism and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyanee Thongchot
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy.
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Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) has a Role in the Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Cells to Less Aggressive and More Drug-Sensitive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051423. [PMID: 29747452 PMCID: PMC5983664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) is a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein, which is responsible for structural rigidity and multipurpose scaffolds. In several cancers, KRT19 is overexpressed and may play a crucial role in tumorigenic transformation. In our previous study, we revealed the role of KRT19 as signaling component which mediated Wnt/NOTCH crosstalk through NUMB transcription in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the function of KRT19 in cancer reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. We found that expression of KRT19 was attenuated in several patients-derived breast cancer tissues and patients with a low expression of KRT19 were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Consistently, highly aggressive and drug-resistant breast cancer patient-derived cancer stem cell-like cells (konkuk university-cancer stem cell-like cell (KU-CSLCs)) displayed higher expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, including ALDH1, CXCR4, and CD133, but a much lower expression of KRT19 than that is seen in highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells. Moreover, we revealed that the knockdown of KRT19 in MDA-MB231 cells led to an enhancement of cancer properties, such as cell proliferation, sphere formation, migration, and drug resistance, while the overexpression of KRT19 in KU-CSLCs resulted in the significant attenuation of cancer properties. KRT19 regulated cancer stem cell reprogramming by modulating the expression of cancer stem cell markers (ALDH1, CXCR4, and CD133), as well as the phosphorylation of Src and GSK3β (Tyr216). Therefore, our data may imply that the modulation of KRT19 expression could be involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming and drug sensitivity, which might have clinical implications for cancer or cancer stem cell treatment.
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Erin N, Ogan N, Yerlikaya A. Secretomes reveal several novel proteins as well as TGF-β1 as the top upstream regulator of metastatic process in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 170:235-250. [PMID: 29557524 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic breast cancer is resistant to many conventional treatments and novel therapeutic targets are needed. We previously isolated subsets of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells which metastasized to liver (4TLM), brain (4TBM), and heart (4THM). Among these cells, 4TLM is the most aggressive one, demonstrating mesenchymal phenotype. Here we compared secreted proteins from 4TLM, 4TBM, and 4THM cells and compared with that of hardly metastatic 67NR cells to detect differentially secreted factors involved in organ-specific metastasis. METHOD AND RESULTS Label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic technique was used to detect the differentially secreted proteins. Eighty-five of over 500 secreted proteins were significantly altered in metastatic breast cancer cells. Differential expression of several proteins such as fibulin-4, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1, TGF-β1 MMP-3, MMP-9, and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin were further verified using ELISA or Western blotting. Many of these identified proteins were also present in human metastatic breast carcinomas. Annexin A1 and A5, laminin beta 1, Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB were commonly found at least in three out of six studies examined here. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that proteins differentially secreted from metastatic cells are involved primarily in carcinogenesis and TGF-β1 is the top upstream regulator in all metastatic cells. CONCLUSIONS Cells metastasized to different organs displayed significant differences in several of secreted proteins. Proteins differentially altered were fibronectin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, and Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1. On the other hand, many exosomal proteins were also common to all metastatic cells, demonstrating involvement of key universal factors in distant metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, B-blok kat 1, SBAUM/Immunoloji Lab, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Nur Ogan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, B-blok kat 1, SBAUM/Immunoloji Lab, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Azmi Yerlikaya
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Prognostic significance of cytokeratin 19 expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187588. [PMID: 29136022 PMCID: PMC5685577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) comprises 1–2% of all pancreatic tumors, but its incidence is increasing. Although many studies have investigated the correlation between cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) and PNET, the prognostic significance of CK-19 expression in PNET is inconclusive. Methods Eligible studies were retrieved from Pubmed, Elsevier, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. All relevant data were extracted to analyze the relationship between CK-19 and PNET. We utilized a fixed or random effects model to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Pooled data indicated CK-19 expression was significantly associated with poor 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) for PNET, but not for 1-year overall survival. Additionally, positive CK-19 expression was correlated with large tumor size, advanced differentiation grade in World Health Organization-2010 (WHO-2010) and WHO-2004, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis. Conclusions Positive CK-19 expression can be used as a predictor of poor prognosis of PNET.
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Mishra J, Das JK, Kumar N. Janus kinase 3 regulates adherens junctions and epithelial mesenchymal transition through β-catenin. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16406-16419. [PMID: 28821617 PMCID: PMC5633104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromise in adherens junctions (AJs) is associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. We reported previously that Janus kinase 3, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in AJ formation through its interaction with β-catenin. In this report, we characterize the structural determinants responsible for Jak3 interactions with β-catenin and determine the functional implications of previously unknown tyrosine residues on β-catenin phosphorylated by Jak3. We demonstrate that Jak3 autophosphorylation was the rate-limiting step during Jak3 trans-phosphorylation of β-catenin, where Jak3 directly phosphorylated three tyrosine residues, viz. Tyr30, Tyr64, and Tyr86 in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of β-catenin. However, prior phosphorylation of β-catenin at Tyr654 was essential for further phosphorylation of β-catenin by Jak3. Interaction studies indicated that phosphorylated Jak3 bound to phosphorylated β-catenin with a dissociation constant of 0.28 μm, and although both the kinase and FERM (Band 41, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domains of Jak3 interacted with β-catenin, the NTD domain of β-catenin facilitated its interactions with Jak3. Physiologically, Jak3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin suppressed EGF-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and facilitated epithelial barrier functions by AJ localization of phosphorylated β-catenin through its interactions with α-catenin. Moreover, loss of Jak3-mediated phosphorylation sites in β-catenin abrogated its AJ localization and compromised epithelial barrier functions. Thus, we not only characterize Jak3 interaction with β-catenin but also demonstrate the mechanism of molecular interplay between AJ dynamics and EMT by Jak3-mediated NTD phosphorylation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Mishra
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ILR College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville Texas 78363
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ILR College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville Texas 78363
| | - Narendra Kumar
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ILR College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville Texas 78363
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