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Maalouf CA, Alberti A, Soutourina J. Mediator complex in transcription regulation and DNA repair: Relevance for human diseases. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 141:103714. [PMID: 38943827 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The Mediator complex is an essential coregulator of RNA polymerase II transcription. More recent developments suggest Mediator functions as a link between transcription regulation, genome organisation and DNA repair mechanisms including nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination. Dysfunctions of these processes are frequently associated with human pathologies, and growing evidence shows Mediator involvement in cancers, neurological, metabolic and infectious diseases. The detailed deciphering of molecular mechanisms of Mediator functions, using interdisciplinary approaches in different biological models and considering all functions of this complex, will contribute to our understanding of relevant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle A Maalouf
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Julie Soutourina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France.
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2
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Togi S, Ura H, Niida Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of MED12 c.887G>A causing both missense and splicing variants in X-linked Ohdo syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63628. [PMID: 38655688 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The phenotypes associated with MED12 pathogenic variants are diverse. Male patients usually have missense variants, but the effects of base substitutions on mRNA splicing have not been investigated. Here, we report a Japanese brother with intellectual disability, characteristic facial appearance with blepharophimosis, cleft palate, Fallot tetralogy, vesicoureteral reflux, and deafness. A known missense pathogenic variant was detected in MED12, NM_005120.3:c.887G>A p.(Arg296Gln), and X-linked Ohdo syndrome was diagnosed in combination with their phenotype. mRNA splicing of MED12 was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using long-range PCR-based targeted RNA sequencing (reverse transcribed long amplicon sequencing), and it was shown that this missense variant simultaneously causes aberrant splicing of the 42-bp in-frame deletion in exon 7, r.847_888del, which accounts for approximately 30% of the mRNAs in both siblings. The X chromosome inactivation study showed that the X chromosome carrying the mutant allele was 100% inactivated in the carrier mothers. mRNA level analysis is essential for the accurate interpretation of the effects of variants. In this case, the MED12 protein function may be reduced by more than just an amino acid substitution, resulting in the patients with the most severe phenotype of MED12-related syndrome in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihito Togi
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ura
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yo Niida
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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3
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Pantalone G, Mancardi MM, Rossi A, Romanelli R, Marasco E, Carla M. A de novo frameshift variant in MED13 gene in a patient with autism spectrum disorder and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities mimicking tuberous sclerosis. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63611. [PMID: 38528425 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13) gene is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and speech delay with varying severity and course. Additional, extra central nervous system, features include eye or vision problems, hypotonia, congenital heart abnormalities, and dysmorphisms. We describe a 7-year- and 4-month-old girl evaluated for ASD whose brain magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of multiple cortical tubers. The exome sequencing (ES - trio analysis) uncovered a unique, de novo, frameshift variant in the MED13 gene (c.4880del, D1627Vfs*17), with a truncating effect on the protein. This case report thus expands the phenotypic spectrum of MED13-related disorders to include brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pantalone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, "G. Salesi" Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, EpiCARE Member for Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marini Carla
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, "G. Salesi" Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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4
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Strong A, March ME, Cardinale CJ, Liu Y, Battig MR, Finoti LS, Matsuoka LS, Watson D, Sridhar S, Jarrett JF, Cannon I, Li D, Bhoj E, Zackai EH, Rand EB, Wenger T, Lerman BB, Shikany A, Weaver KN, Hakonarson H. Novel insights into the phenotypic spectrum and pathogenesis of Hardikar syndrome. Genet Med 2024; 26:101222. [PMID: 39045790 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hardikar syndrome (HS, MIM #301068) is a female-specific multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by retinopathy, orofacial clefting, aortic coarctation, biliary dysgenesis, genitourinary malformations, and intestinal malrotation. We previously showed that heterozygous nonsense and frameshift variants in MED12 cause HS. The phenotypic spectrum of disease and the mechanism by which MED12 variants cause disease is unknown. We aim to expand the phenotypic and molecular landscape of HS and elucidate the mechanism by which MED12 variants cause disease. METHODS We clinically assembled and molecularly characterized a cohort of 11 previously unreported individuals with HS. Additionally, we studied the effect of MED12 deficiency on ciliary biology, hedgehog, and yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling; pathways implicated in diseases with phenotypic overlap with HS. RESULTS We report novel phenotypes associated with HS, including cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and vascular anomalies, and expand the molecular landscape of HS to include splice site variants. We additionally demonstrate that MED12 deficiency causes decreased cell ciliation, and impairs hedgehog and YAP signaling. CONCLUSION Our data support updating HS standard-of-care to include regular cardiac imaging, arrhythmia screening, and vascular imaging. We further propose that dysregulation of ciliogenesis and YAP and hedgehog signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark R Battig
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Livia Sertori Finoti
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leticia S Matsuoka
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah Watson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sindura Sridhar
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James F Jarrett
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - India Cannon
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth B Rand
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tara Wenger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bruce B Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Greenberg Institute for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Amy Shikany
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
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Comeau D, Belliveau J, Bouhamdani N, Amor MB. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum for CDK8-related disease: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63537. [PMID: 38193604 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is part of a regulatory kinase module that regulates the activity of the Mediator complex. The Mediator, a large conformationally flexible protein complex, goes on to regulate RNA polymerase II activity, consequently affecting transcriptional regulation. Thus, inactivating mutations of the genes within the kinase module cause aberrant transcriptional regulation and disease, namely, CDK8-related intellectual developmental disorder with hypotonia and behavioral abnormalities (IDDHBA). CASE PRESENTATION We describe, for the first time, a likely pathogenic heterozygous CDK8 variant c.599G>A, p.(Arg200Gln) inherited from the biological mother. The clinical presentation of the child and mother is within the described clinical spectrum for IDDHBA; however, undocumented progressive contractures of the hips and knees as well as scoliosis were also observed in the child. This phenotype was not found in the mother, highlighting a heterogenous presentation for the same variant within the same family. Furthermore, the described clinical presentation may further support the notion of a module- or Mediator-related syndrome with varying clinical presentation. CONCLUSION This case report documents the first inherited case of IDDHBA and expands the phenotypic spectrum for CDK8-related disease to include undocumented progressive contractures of the hips and knees as well as scoliosis, which may support the notion of a module- or Mediator-related syndrome with varying clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Comeau
- Vitalité Health Network, Dr Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Center, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jenna Belliveau
- Centre de formation médicale du New-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Nadia Bouhamdani
- Vitalité Health Network, Dr Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Center, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Centre de formation médicale du New-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Medical Genetics Department, Vitalité Health Network, Dr Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Center, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mouna Ben Amor
- Medical Genetics Department, Vitalité Health Network, Dr Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Center, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Margot H, Pizano A, Amestoy A, Lacombe D, Berges C, Beneteau C, Innes AM. Investigations of an individual with a Marfanoid habitus, mild intellectual disability, and severe social anxiety identifies PCDHGA5 as a candidate neurodevelopmental disorder gene. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024:e32087. [PMID: 38591859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability (MHID) co-occur in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Among those, Lujan-Fryns, an X-linked genetic disorder associated with variants in MED12 was the first such syndrome identified. Accurate molecular diagnosis for these MHID syndromes remains a challenge due to significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We present a case report of a 20-year-old male patient with MHID and severe social anxiety. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, including morphotype assessment, cognitive, and psychometric and genetic testing, was conducted to provide a detailed understanding of the patient's complex clinical presentation. Psychometric assessments revealed severe social anxiety and various cognitive and emotional challenges. Despite some autism-like symptoms, the patient's clinical presentation was more aligned with mild intellectual disability. Exome sequencing was inconclusive but identified a heterozygous de novo missense variant in the PCDHGA5 gene. This gene is not known in human pathology yet, but we also report a second patient with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder and a rare de novo variant which leads us to propose this as a candidate gene. Our findings emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of MHID. This case report underscores the need for objective clinical evaluations and standardized tools to better understand the complex clinical profiles of patients with NDDs. The identification of novel PCDHGA5 gene variants adds this gene's candidacy to the genetic landscape of MHID-NDD, warranting further investigation to determine its potential contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Margot
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Pizano
- Aquitaine Autism Resources Centre, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, University Pole of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anouck Amestoy
- Aquitaine Autism Resources Centre, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, University Pole of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Berges
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Tu T, Fang Z, Cheng Z, Spasic S, Palepu A, Stankovic KM, Natarajan V, Peltz G. Genetic Discovery Enabled by A Large Language Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566468. [PMID: 37986848 PMCID: PMC10659415 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in many areas of medicine, and recently large language models (LLMs) have shown potential utility for clinical applications. However, since we do not know if the use of LLMs can accelerate the pace of genetic discovery, we used data generated from mouse genetic models to investigate this possibility. We examined whether a recently developed specialized LLM (Med-PaLM 2) could analyze sets of candidate genes generated from analysis of murine models of biomedical traits. In response to free-text input, Med-PaLM 2 correctly identified the murine genes that contained experimentally verified causative genetic factors for six biomedical traits, which included susceptibility to diabetes and cataracts. Med-PaLM 2 was also able to analyze a list of genes with high impact alleles, which were identified by comparative analysis of murine genomic sequence data, and it identified a causative murine genetic factor for spontaneous hearing loss. Based upon this Med-PaLM 2 finding, a novel bigenic model for susceptibility to spontaneous hearing loss was developed. These results demonstrate Med-PaLM 2 can analyze gene-phenotype relationships and generate novel hypotheses, which can facilitate genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Zhouqing Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine
| | - Zhuanfen Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine
| | - Svetolik Spasic
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine
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Xue H, Tang Q, Feng Y, Zhao C, Xu K, Gu W, Xue Z, Li X, Jiang J, Lu H, Sun X, Wu J, Cao G. Prenatal diagnosis in a fetuses with a clenched hands, overlapping fingers, and clubfoot due to MED12 deficiency in three affected siblings: A case report. Front Genet 2023; 14:1037345. [PMID: 37501721 PMCID: PMC10369338 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1037345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A fetal clenched hand with overlapping fingers is more common in aneuploidy syndrome and was not well-documented in MED12 deficiency. This study reports the clinical and genetic findings of three affected siblings from a Chinese family. The chromosome karyotype analysis diagram shows that karyotypes of the three children were normal. Trio whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing verification found that there was a MED12 R296Q variant in normal mothers and their two offspring. A pattern of clenched hand with overlapping fingers (clinodactyly) and clubfoot was found in all the three affected siblings by three-dimensional ultrasound. The discovery of this case shows that even if the chromosome karyotype is normal, comprehensive prenatal genetic diagnosis is required when the ultrasound results show a clenched hand with clinodactyly and clubfoot symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Xue
- Department of Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiaoyin Tang
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Beijing Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Beijing Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xue
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinsong Jiang
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyong Lu
- Department of Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiayu Sun
- Department of Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianrui Wu
- Department of Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guizhi Cao
- Department of Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Ilchuk LA, Kubekina MV, Okulova YD, Silaeva YY, Tatarskiy VV, Filatov MA, Bruter AV. Genetically Engineered Mice Unveil In Vivo Roles of the Mediator Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119330. [PMID: 37298278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit protein complex which plays a significant role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription. It provides a platform for the interaction of transcriptional factors and RNA polymerase II, thus coupling external and internal stimuli with transcriptional programs. Molecular mechanisms underlying Mediator functioning are intensively studied, although most often using simple models such as tumor cell lines and yeast. Transgenic mouse models are required to study the role of Mediator components in physiological processes, disease, and development. As constitutive knockouts of most of the Mediator protein coding genes are embryonically lethal, conditional knockouts and corresponding activator strains are needed for these studies. Recently, they have become more easily available with the development of modern genetic engineering techniques. Here, we review existing mouse models for studying the Mediator, and data obtained in corresponding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Ilchuk
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Kubekina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D Okulova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Filatov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Munabi NCO, Mikhail S, Toubat O, Webb M, Auslander A, Sanchez-Lara PA, Manojlovic Z, Schmidt RJ, Craig D, Magee WP, Kumar SR. High prevalence of deleterious mutations in concomitant nonsyndromic cleft and outflow tract heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2082-2095. [PMID: 35385219 PMCID: PMC9197864 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrating enrichment of outflow tract (OFT) congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) suggests derangements in common underlying developmental pathways. The current pilot study examines the underlying genetics of concomitant nonsyndromic CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype. Of 575 patients who underwent CL/P surgery at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, seven with OFT CHD, negative chromosomal microarray analysis, and no recognizable syndromic association were recruited with their parents (as available). Whole genome sequencing of blood samples paired with whole‐blood‐based RNA sequencing for probands was performed. A pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variant was identified in 6/7 (85.7%) probands. A total of seven candidate genes were mutated (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, APOB, RNF213, SETX, and JAG1). Gene ontology analysis of variants predicted involvement in binding (100%), regulation of transcription (42.9%), and helicase activity (42.9%). Four patients (57.1%) expressed gene variants (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, and RNF213) previously involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. Our pilot analysis of a small cohort of patients with combined CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype suggests a potentially significant prevalence of deleterious mutations. In our cohort, an overrepresentation of mutations in molecules associated with Wnt‐signaling was found. These variants may represent an expanded phenotypic heterogeneity within known monogenic disease genes or provide novel evidence of shared developmental pathways. The mechanistic implications of these mutations and subsequent developmental derangements resulting in the CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype require further analysis in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naikhoba C O Munabi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Omar Toubat
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Webb
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zarko Manojlovic
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William P Magee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Subramanyan Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Chang KT, Jezek J, Campbell AN, Stieg DC, Kiss ZA, Kemper K, Jiang P, Lee HO, Kruger WD, van Hasselt PM, Strich R. Aberrant cyclin C nuclear release induces mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in MED13L syndrome fibroblasts. iScience 2022; 25:103823. [PMID: 35198885 PMCID: PMC8844603 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MED13L syndrome is a haploinsufficiency developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, heart malformation, and hypotonia. MED13L controls transcription by tethering the cyclin C-Cdk8 kinase module (CKM) to the Mediator complex. In addition, cyclin C has CKM-independent roles in the cytoplasm directing stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and regulated cell death. Unstressed MED13L S1497 F/fs patient fibroblasts exhibited aberrant cytoplasmic cyclin C localization, mitochondrial fragmentation, and a 6-fold reduction in respiration. In addition, the fibroblasts exhibited reduced mtDNA copy number, reduction in mitochondrial membrane integrity, and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Finally, transcriptional analysis of MED13L mutant fibroblasts revealed reduced mRNA levels for several genes necessary for normal mitochondrial function. Pharmacological or genetic approaches preventing cyclin C-mitochondrial localization corrected the fragmented mitochondrial phenotype and partially restored organelle function. In conclusion, this study found that mitochondrial dysfunction is an underlying defect in cells harboring the MED13L S1497 F/fs allele and identified cyclin C mis-localization as the likely cause. These results provide a new avenue for understanding this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ti Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jan Jezek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Alicia N Campbell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - David C Stieg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Zachary A Kiss
- Department of Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Kevin Kemper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Hyung-Ok Lee
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Disease, University of Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, 3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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12
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Bessenyei B, Balogh I, Mokánszki A, Ujfalusi A, Pfundt R, Szakszon K. MED13L-related intellectual disability due to paternal germinal mosaicism. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:a006124. [PMID: 34654706 PMCID: PMC8744498 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The MED13L-related intellectual disability or MRFACD syndrome (Mental retardation and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects; MIM # 616789) is one of the most common forms of syndromic intellectual disability with about a hundred cases reported so far. Affected individuals share overlapping features comprising intellectual disability, hypotonia, motor delay, remarkable speech delay, and a recognizable facial gestalt. De novo disruption of the MED13L gene by deletions, duplications, or sequence variants has been identified as deleterious. Siblings affected by intragenic deletion transmitted from a mosaic parent have been reported once in the literature. We now present the first case of paternal germinal mosaicism for a missense MED13L variant causing MRFACD syndrome in one of the father's children and being the likely cause of intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism in the other. As part of the Mediator complex, the MED proteins have an essential role in regulating transcription. Thirty-two subunits of the Mediator complex genes have been linked to congenital malformations that are now acknowledged as transcriptomopathies. The MRFACD syndrome has been suggested to represent a recognizable phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bessenyei
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Attila Mokánszki
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Anikó Ujfalusi
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Genome Diagnostics Nijmegen, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
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13
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Carvalho LML, da Costa SS, Campagnari F, Kaufman A, Bertola DR, da Silva IT, Krepischi ACV, Koiffmann CP, Rosenberg C. Two novel pathogenic variants in MED13L: one familial and one isolated case. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:1049-1057. [PMID: 34713510 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants involving the MED13L gene can lead to an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by intellectual disability/developmental delay and facial dysmorphism. METHODS We investigated two cases (one familial and one isolated) of intellectual disability with speech delay and dysmorphic facial features by whole-exome sequencing analyses. Further, we performed a literature review about clinical and molecular aspects of MED13L gene and syndrome. RESULTS Two MED13L variants have been identified [MED13L(NM_015335.5):c.4417C>T and MED13L(NM_015335.5):c.2318delC] and were classified as pathogenic according to the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) guidelines. One of the variants was present in sibs. CONCLUSIONS The two pathogenic variants identified have not been previously reported. Importantly, this is the first report of a familial case of MED13L nonsense mutation. Although the parents of the affected children were no longer available for analysis, their apparently normal phenotypes were surmised from familial verbal descriptions corresponding to normal mental behaviour and phenotype. In this situation, the familial component of mutation transmission might be caused by gonadal mosaicism of a MED13L mutation in a gonad from either the father or the mother. The case reports and the literature review presented in this manuscript can be useful for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M L Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S S da Costa
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - A Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D R Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I T da Silva
- International Centre for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C V Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C P Koiffmann
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Rocchetti L, Evangelista E, De Falco L, Savarese G, Savarese P, Ruggiero R, D’Amore L, Sensi A, Fico A. MED12 Mutation in Two Families with X-Linked Ohdo Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1328. [PMID: 34573309 PMCID: PMC8471817 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked intellectual deficiency (XLID) is a widely heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that involves more than 100 genes. The mediator of RNA polymerase II subunit 12 (MED12) is involved in the regulation of the majority of RNA polymerase II-dependent genes and has been shown to cause several forms of XLID, including Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome also known as FG syndrome (MIM #305450), Lujan-Fryns syndrome (MIM #309520) and the X-linked Ohdo syndrome (MIM #300895). Here, we report on two first cousins with X-linked Ohdo syndrome with a missense mutation in MED12 gene, identified through whole exome sequencing. The probands had facial features typical of X-linked Ohdo syndrome, including blepharophimosis, ptosis, a round face with a characteristic nose and a narrow mouth. Nextera DNA Exome kit (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was used for exome capture. The variant identified was a c.887G > A substitution in exon 7 of the MED12 gene leading to the substitution of a glutamine for a highly conserved arginine (p. Arg296Gln). Although the variant described has been previously reported in the literature, our study contributes to the expanding phenotypic spectrum of MED12-related disorders and above all, it demonstrates the phenotypic variability among different affected patients despite harboring identical mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchetti
- U.O. Genetica Medica della Romagna, Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica AUSL, 47522 Cesena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Eloisa Evangelista
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia De Falco
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Savarese
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ruggiero
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Amore
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Sensi
- U.O. Genetica Medica della Romagna, Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica AUSL, 47522 Cesena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Fico
- AMES-Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, 80013 Naples, Italy; (E.E.); (G.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.); (L.D.); (A.F.)
- Fondazione Genetica per la Vita Onlus, 80013 Naples, Italy
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15
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Rogers AP, Friend K, Rawlings L, Barnett CP. A de novo missense variant in MED13 in a patient with global developmental delay, marked facial dysmorphism, macroglossia, short stature, and macrocephaly. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2586-2592. [PMID: 33931951 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice P Rogers
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lesley Rawlings
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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van de Plassche SR, de Brouwer APM. MED12-Related (Neuro)Developmental Disorders: A Question of Causality. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:663. [PMID: 33925166 PMCID: PMC8146938 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MED12 is a member of the Mediator complex that is involved in the regulation of transcription. Missense variants in MED12 cause FG syndrome, Lujan-Fryns syndrome, and Ohdo syndrome, as well as non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID) in hemizygous males. Recently, female patients with de novo missense variants and de novo protein truncating variants in MED12 were described, resulting in a clinical spectrum centered around ID and Hardikar syndrome without ID. The missense variants are found throughout MED12, whether they are inherited in hemizygous males or de novo in females. They can result in syndromic or nonsyndromic ID. The de novo nonsense variants resulting in Hardikar syndrome that is characterized by facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, and intestinal malrotation, are found more N-terminally, whereas the more C-terminally positioned variants are de novo protein truncating variants that cause a severe, syndromic phenotype consisting of ID, facial dysmorphism, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, feeding difficulties, and variable other abnormalities. This broad range of distinct phenotypes calls for a method to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants in MED12. We propose an isogenic iNeuron model to establish the unique gene expression patterns that are associated with the specific MED12 variants. The discovery of these patterns would help in future diagnostics and determine the causality of the MED12 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjan P. M. de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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17
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De Nardi L, Faletra F, D'Adamo AP, Bianco AMR, Athanasakis E, Bruno I, Barbi E. Could the MED13 mutations manifest as a Kabuki-like syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:584-590. [PMID: 33258286 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MED13-related disorder is a new neurodevelopmental disorder recently described in literature, which belongs to the group of CDK8-kinase module genes-associated conditions. It is characterized by variable intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, especially in language. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eye or vision problems, hypotonia, mild congenital hearth abnormalities and dysmorphisms have been described among individuals with MED13 mutations. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who received a previous clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome (KS) without mutations in classic KS genes. After a whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis a de novo missense mutation in MED13 (c.C979T; p.Pro327Ser) was found. This variant has been once described in literature as accountable for a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. The aim of this report is to improve clinical delineation of MED13-related condition and to explore differences and similarities between KS spectrum and MED13-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Adamo Pio D'Adamo
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Irene Bruno
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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18
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Ferent J, Zaidi D, Francis F. Extracellular Control of Radial Glia Proliferation and Scaffolding During Cortical Development and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578341. [PMID: 33178693 PMCID: PMC7596222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex, newly generated neurons migrate long-distances in the expanding tissue to reach their final positions. Pyramidal neurons are produced from dorsal progenitors, e.g., radial glia (RGs) in the ventricular zone, and then migrate along RG processes basally toward the cortex. These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. Several studies have investigated how intracellular determinants are required for RG polarity and subsequent formation and maintenance of their processes. Fewer studies have identified the influence of the extracellular environment on this architecture. This review will focus on extracellular factors which influence RG morphology and pyramidal neuronal migration during normal development and their perturbations in pathology. During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. This particular conformation allows aRGs to be exposed to long range and short range signaling cues, whereas basal RGs (bRGs, also known as outer RGs, oRGs) have their cell bodies located throughout the cortical wall, limiting their access to ventricular factors. Long range signals impacting aRGs include secreted molecules present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., Neuregulin, EGF, FGF, Wnt, BMP). Secreted molecules also contribute to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, laminin, reelin). Classical short range factors include cell to cell signaling, adhesion molecules and mechano-transduction mechanisms (e.g., TAG1, Notch, cadherins, mechanical tension). Changes in one or several of these components influencing the RG extracellular environment can disrupt the development or maintenance of RG architecture on which neuronal migration relies, leading to a range of cortical malformations. First, we will detail the known long range signaling cues impacting RG. Then, we will review how short range cell contacts are also important to instruct the RG framework. Understanding how RG processes are structured by their environment to maintain and support radial migration is a critical part of the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
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19
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Colas P. Cyclin-dependent kinases and rare developmental disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:203. [PMID: 32762766 PMCID: PMC7410148 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies in the past 30 years have established that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) exert many diverse, important functions in a number of molecular and cellular processes that are at play during development. Not surprisingly, mutations affecting CDKs or their activating cyclin subunits have been involved in a variety of rare human developmental disorders. These recent findings are reviewed herein, giving a particular attention to the discovered mutations and their demonstrated or hypothesized functional consequences, which can account for pathological human phenotypes. The review highlights novel, important CDK or cyclin functions that were unveiled by their association with human disorders, and it discusses the shortcomings of mouse models to reveal some of these functions. It explains how human genetics can be used in combination with proteome-scale interaction databases to loom regulatory networks around CDKs and cyclins. Finally, it advocates the use of these networks to profile pathogenic CDK or cyclin variants, in order to gain knowledge on protein function and on pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Colas
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Roscoff, France.
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20
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Yi Z, Zhang Y, Song Z, Pan H, Yang C, Li F, Xue J, Qu Z. Report of a de novo c.2605C > T (p.Pro869Ser) change in the MED13L gene and review of the literature for MED13L-related intellectual disability. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:95. [PMID: 32646507 PMCID: PMC7350599 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MED13L-related intellectual disability is a new syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), motor developmental delay, speech impairment, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism. Both the MED13L haploinsufficiency mutation and missense mutation were reported to be causative. It has also been reported that patients carrying missense mutations have more frequent epilepsy and show a more severe phenotype. Case presentation We report a child with ID, speech impairment, severe motor developmental delay, facial deformity, hypotonia, muscular atrophy, scoliosis, odontoprisis, abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), and congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) combined with high ureter attachment. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to detect the genetic aberration of the child and found a de novo mutation, c.2605C > T (p.Pro869Ser), in the MED13L gene. Neither of her parents carried the mutation. Additionally, we review the literature and summarize the phenotypes and features of reported missense mutations. After reviewing the literature, approximately 17 missense mutations in 20 patients have been reported thus far. For 18 patients (including our case) whose clinical manifestations were provided, 100% of the patients had ID or developmental delay (DD). A total of 88.9, 83.3 and 66.7% of the patients had speech impairment, delayed milestones and hypotonia, respectively. A total of 83.3% of the patients exhibited craniofacial deformity or other dysmorphic features. Behavioral difficulties and autistic features were observed in 55.6% of the patients. Cardiac anomalies were seen in only 27.8% of the patients. Of these patients, 44.4% had epileptic seizures. Of the 17 mutations, 2 were located in the N-terminal domain, 8 were located in the C-terminal domain, and 1 was located in an α-helical sequence stretch. One of them was located in the MID domain of the MedPIWI module. Conclusions We report a new patient with a reported missense mutation, c.2605C > T (p.Pro869Ser), who exhibited some infrequent manifestations except common phenotypes, which may broaden the known clinical spectrum. Additionally, by reviewing the literature, we also found that patients with missense mutations have a higher incidence of seizures, MRI abnormalities, autistic features and cardiac anomalies. They also have more severe ID and hypotonia. Our case further demonstrates that Pro869Ser is a hotspot mutation of the MED13L gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengqing Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghai Qu
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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21
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Rubinato E, Rondeau S, Giuliano F, Kossorotoff M, Parodi M, Gherbi S, Steffan J, Jonard L, Marlin S. MED12 missense mutation in a three-generation family. Clinical characterization of MED12-related disorders and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Vitriolo A, Gabriele M, Testa G. From enhanceropathies to the epigenetic manifold underlying human cognition. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R226-R234. [PMID: 31411680 PMCID: PMC6990140 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast portion of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders is genetically caused by mutations in chromatin modulators. These proteins play key roles in development and are also highly expressed in the adult brain. Specifically, the pivotal role of chromatin regulation in transcription has placed enhancers at the core of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) studies, ushering in the coining of the term enhanceropathies. The convergence of these disorders is multilayered, spanning from molecular causes to pathophysiological traits, including extensive overlaps between enhanceropathies and neurocristopathies. The reconstruction of epigenetic circuitries wiring development and underlying cognitive functions has gone hand in hand with the development of tools that increase the sensitivity of identifying regulatory regions and linking enhancers to their target genes. The available models, including loop extrusion and phase separation, have been bringing into relief complementary aspects to interpret gene regulation datasets, reinforcing the idea that enhancers are not all the same and that regulatory regions possess shades of enhancer-ness and promoter-ness. The current limits in enhancer definition, within the emerging broader understanding of chromatin dynamics in time and space, are now on the verge of being transformed by the possibility to interrogate developmentally relevant three-dimensional cellular models at single-cell resolution. Here we discuss the contours of how these technological advances, as well as the epistemic limitations they are set to overcome, may well usher in a change of paradigm for NDDs, moving the quest for convergence from enhancers to the four-dimensional (4D) genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vitriolo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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23
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Poot M. Mutations in Mediator Complex Genes CDK8, MED12, MED13, and MEDL13 Mediate Overlapping Developmental Syndromes. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:239-242. [PMID: 32021594 DOI: 10.1159/000502346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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24
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Calpena E, Hervieu A, Kaserer T, Swagemakers SM, Goos JA, Popoola O, Ortiz-Ruiz MJ, Barbaro-Dieber T, Bownass L, Brilstra EH, Brimble E, Foulds N, Grebe TA, Harder AV, Lees MM, Monaghan KG, Newbury-Ecob RA, Ong KR, Osio D, Reynoso Santos FJ, Ruzhnikov MR, Telegrafi A, van Binsbergen E, van Dooren MF, van der Spek PJ, Blagg J, Twigg SR, Mathijssen IM, Clarke PA, Wilkie AO, Wilkie AOM. De Novo Missense Substitutions in the Gene Encoding CDK8, a Regulator of the Mediator Complex, Cause a Syndromic Developmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:709-720. [PMID: 30905399 PMCID: PMC6451695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-subunit complex that regulates multiple steps of transcription. Mediator activity is regulated by the reversible association of a four-subunit module comprising CDK8 or CDK19 kinases, together with cyclin C, MED12 or MED12L, and MED13 or MED13L. Mutations in MED12, MED13, and MED13L were previously identified in syndromic developmental disorders with overlapping phenotypes. Here, we report CDK8 mutations (located at 13q12.13) that cause a phenotypically related disorder. Using whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, and by international collaboration, we identified eight different heterozygous missense CDK8 substitutions, including 10 shown to have arisen de novo, in 12 unrelated subjects; a recurrent mutation, c.185C>T (p.Ser62Leu), was present in five individuals. All predicted substitutions localize to the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. Affected individuals have overlapping phenotypes characterized by hypotonia, mild to moderate intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, and variable facial dysmorphism. Congenital heart disease occurred in six subjects; additional features present in multiple individuals included agenesis of the corpus callosum, ano-rectal malformations, seizures, and hearing or visual impairments. To evaluate the functional impact of the mutations, we measured phosphorylation at STAT1-Ser727, a known CDK8 substrate, in a CDK8 and CDK19 CRISPR double-knockout cell line transfected with wild-type (WT) or mutant CDK8 constructs. These experiments demonstrated a reduction in STAT1 phosphorylation by all mutants, in most cases to a similar extent as in a kinase-dead control. We conclude that missense mutations in CDK8 cause a developmental disorder that has phenotypic similarity to syndromes associated with mutations in other subunits of the Mediator kinase module, indicating probable overlap in pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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25
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Syring I, Weiten R, Müller T, Schmidt D, Steiner S, Kristiansen G, Müller SC, Ellinger J. The knockdown of the Mediator complex subunit MED15 restrains urothelial bladder cancer cells' malignancy. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3013-3021. [PMID: 30127891 PMCID: PMC6096071 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex, a multi-subunit protein complex, plays an integral role in regulating transcription. Genetic alterations of the mediator subunit 15 (MED15) in separate tumor entities have been described previously. However, till now, not much is known about the role of MED15 in urothelial bladder cancer (BCa). Using cBioPortal, database analysis was executed for the mRNA expression and survival analysis of MED15 in BCa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis against MED15 was performed on tissue microarrays with 18 benign, 126 BCa, and 38 metastases samples. The intensity evaluation was performed using a staining intensity score from 0 to 3 and associated with clinicopathological data. The BCa cell lines T24 and TCCSUP were used for the functional investigation. After the MED15 knockdown by small interfering (si)RNA, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated. On the mRNA level, only a low number of alterations (2%) was found for MED15 in BCa. Due to the small count of events, there were no significant differences or tendencies in survival. For IHC, MED15 was found to have a higher expression in non-muscle invasive BCa compared with benign and muscle invasive BCa. For survival analysis, no significant differences between samples with or without overexpression of MED15 were found. In the functional analysis, proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly reduced in BCa-cells following the transient siRNA-mediated MED15 knockdown. In summary, MED15 appears to play a role in the tumor parameters proliferation, migration, and invasion in BCa, but further investigations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Syring
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Weiten
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Schmidt
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Steiner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan C Müller
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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26
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Tørring PM, Larsen MJ, Brasch-Andersen C, Krogh LN, Kibæk M, Laulund L, Illum N, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Wiesener A, Popp B, Marangi G, Hjortshøj TD, Ek J, Vogel I, Becher N, Roos L, Zollino M, Fagerberg CR. Is MED13L-related intellectual disability a recognizable syndrome? Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:129-136. [PMID: 29959045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MED13L-related intellectual disability is characterized by moderate intellectual disability (ID), speech impairment, and dysmorphic facial features. We present 8 patients with MED13L-related intellectual disability and review the literature for phenotypical and genetic aspects of previously described patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the search for genetic aberrations in individuals with ID, two of the patients were identified by chromosomal microarray analysis, and five by exome sequencing. One of the individuals, suspected of MED13L-related intellectual disability, based on clinical features, was identified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS All 8 individuals had de novo MED13L aberrations, including two intragenic microdeletions, two frameshift, three nonsense variants, and one missense variant. Phenotypically, they all had intellectual disability, speech and motor delay, and features of the mouth (open mouth appearance, macroglossia, and/or macrostomia). Two individuals were diagnosed with autism, and one had autistic features. One had complex congenital heart defect, and one had persistent foramen ovale. The literature was reviewed with respect to clinical and dysmorphic features, and genetic aberrations. CONCLUSIONS Even if most clinical features of MED13L-related intellectual disability are rather non-specific, the syndrome may be suspected in some individuals based on the association of developmental delay, speech impairment, bulbous nasal tip, and macroglossia, macrostomia, or open mouth appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Jakob Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maria Kibæk
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Laulund
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Illum
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Antje Wiesener
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, Hospital A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jakob Ek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Roos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, Hospital A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
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27
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Snijders Blok L, Hiatt SM, Bowling KM, Prokop JW, Engel KL, Cochran JN, Bebin EM, Bijlsma EK, Ruivenkamp CAL, Terhal P, Simon MEH, Smith R, Hurst JA, McLaughlin H, Person R, Crunk A, Wangler MF, Streff H, Symonds JD, Zuberi SM, Elliott KS, Sanders VR, Masunga A, Hopkin RJ, Dubbs HA, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Pfundt R, Brunner HG, Fisher SE, Kleefstra T, Cooper GM. De novo mutations in MED13, a component of the Mediator complex, are associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Genet 2018; 137:375-388. [PMID: 29740699 PMCID: PMC5973976 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many genetic causes of developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (DD/ID) are extremely rare, and robust discovery of these requires both large-scale DNA sequencing and data sharing. Here we describe a GeneMatcher collaboration which led to a cohort of 13 affected individuals harboring protein-altering variants, 11 of which are de novo, in MED13; the only inherited variant was transmitted to an affected child from an affected mother. All patients had intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, including speech delays or disorders. Other features that were reported in two or more patients include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, optic nerve abnormalities, Duane anomaly, hypotonia, mild congenital heart abnormalities, and dysmorphisms. Six affected individuals had mutations that are predicted to truncate the MED13 protein, six had missense mutations, and one had an in-frame-deletion of one amino acid. Out of the seven non-truncating mutations, six clustered in two specific locations of the MED13 protein: an N-terminal and C-terminal region. The four N-terminal clustering mutations affect two adjacent amino acids that are known to be involved in MED13 ubiquitination and degradation, p.Thr326 and p.Pro327. MED13 is a component of the CDK8-kinase module that can reversibly bind Mediator, a multi-protein complex that is required for Polymerase II transcription initiation. Mutations in several other genes encoding subunits of Mediator have been previously shown to associate with DD/ID, including MED13L, a paralog of MED13. Thus, our findings add MED13 to the group of CDK8-kinase module-associated disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lot Snijders Blok
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M Hiatt
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Kevin M Bowling
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Krysta L Engel
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | | | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Crunk
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haley Streff
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Symonds
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, University of Glasgow and Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, University of Glasgow and Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | | | - Victoria R Sanders
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abigail Masunga
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Holly A Dubbs
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Rolph Pfundt
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
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28
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Smol T, Petit F, Piton A, Keren B, Sanlaville D, Afenjar A, Baker S, Bedoukian EC, Bhoj EJ, Bonneau D, Boudry-Labis E, Bouquillon S, Boute-Benejean O, Caumes R, Chatron N, Colson C, Coubes C, Coutton C, Devillard F, Dieux-Coeslier A, Doco-Fenzy M, Ewans LJ, Faivre L, Fassi E, Field M, Fournier C, Francannet C, Genevieve D, Giurgea I, Goldenberg A, Green AK, Guerrot AM, Heron D, Isidor B, Keena BA, Krock BL, Kuentz P, Lapi E, Le Meur N, Lesca G, Li D, Marey I, Mignot C, Nava C, Nesbitt A, Nicolas G, Roche-Lestienne C, Roscioli T, Satre V, Santani A, Stefanova M, Steinwall Larsen S, Saugier-Veber P, Picker-Minh S, Thuillier C, Verloes A, Vieville G, Wenzel M, Willems M, Whalen S, Zarate YA, Ziegler A, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Kalscheuer VM, Gerard B, Ghoumid J. MED13L-related intellectual disability: involvement of missense variants and delineation of the phenotype. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:93-103. [PMID: 29511999 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular anomalies in MED13L, leading to haploinsufficiency, have been reported in patients with moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID) and distinct facial features, with or without congenital heart defects. Phenotype of the patients was referred to "MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome." Missense variants in MED13L were already previously described to cause the MED13L-related syndrome, but only in a limited number of patients. Here we report 36 patients with MED13L molecular anomaly, recruited through an international collaboration between centers of expertise for developmental anomalies. All patients presented with intellectual disability and severe language impairment. Hypotonia, ataxia, and recognizable facial gestalt were frequent findings, but not congenital heart defects. We identified seven de novo missense variations, in addition to protein-truncating variants and intragenic deletions. Missense variants clustered in two mutation hot-spots, i.e., exons 15-17 and 25-31. We found that patients carrying missense mutations had more frequently epilepsy and showed a more severe phenotype. This study ascertains missense variations in MED13L as a cause for MED13L-related intellectual disability and improves the clinical delineation of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France
| | - F Petit
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - A Piton
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Keren
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - D Sanlaville
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Baker
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E C Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E J Bhoj
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Bonneau
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - E Boudry-Labis
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Bouquillon
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - O Boute-Benejean
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - R Caumes
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - N Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Colson
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - C Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Dieux-Coeslier
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - M Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, EA3801, SFR-CAP Santé, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - L J Ewans
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares 'Anomalies du Développement, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Fassi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Field
- The Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Fournier
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Francannet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Genevieve
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Giurgea
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A K Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A M Guerrot
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - D Heron
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B A Keena
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B L Krock
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Kuentz
- Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Lapi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - N Le Meur
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Li
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Marey
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Nava
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Nicolas
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Roche-Lestienne
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - T Roscioli
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Santani
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Stefanova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Steinwall Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Saugier-Veber
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Picker-Minh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Thuillier
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Verloes
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - M Wenzel
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Whalen
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Y A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Ziegler
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - S Manouvrier-Hanu
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Gerard
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France. .,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France.
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Jiménez-Romero S, Carrasco-Salas P, Benítez-Burraco A. Language and Cognitive Impairment Associated with a Novel p.Cys63Arg Change in the MED13L Transcriptional Regulator. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:83-91. [PMID: 29593475 DOI: 10.1159/000485638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MED13L gene, which encodes a subunit of a transcriptional regulatory complex, result in a complex phenotype entailing physical and cognitive anomalies. Deep language impairment has been reported in affected individuals, mostly in patients with copy number variations. We report on a child with a nonsynonymous p.Cys63Arg change in MED13L (chr12:116675396A>G, GRCh37) who exhibits profound language impairment in the expressive domain, cognitive delay, behavioral disturbances, and an autism-like phenotype. Because of the brain areas in which MED13L is expressed and because of the functional links between MED13L and the products of selected candidate genes for cognitive disorders involving language deficits, the proband's linguistic phenotype may result from changes in a functional network important for language development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salud Jiménez-Romero
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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30
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Gordon CT, Chopra M, Oufadem M, Alibeu O, Bras M, Boddaert N, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Abadie V, Lyonnet S, Amiel J. MED13L
loss-of-function variants in two patients with syndromic Pierre Robin sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:181-186. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Maya Chopra
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
| | - Myriam Oufadem
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Marc Bras
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP; Paris France
- INSERM U1000 and UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Véronique Abadie
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
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31
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Asadollahi R, Zweier M, Gogoll L, Schiffmann R, Sticht H, Steindl K, Rauch A. Genotype-phenotype evaluation of MED13L defects in the light of a novel truncating and a recurrent missense mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2017. [PMID: 28645799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A decade after the designation of MED13L as a gene and its link to intellectual disability (ID) and dextro-looped transposition of great arteries in 2003, we previously described a recognizable syndrome due to MED13L haploinsufficiency. Subsequent reports of 22 further patients diagnosed by genome-wide testing further delineated the syndrome with expansion of the phenotypic spectrum and showed reduced penetrance for congenital heart defects. We now report two novel patients identified by whole exome sequencing, one with a de novo MED13L truncating mutation and the other with a de novo missense mutation. The first patient indicates some facial resemblance to Kleefstra syndrome as a novel differential diagnosis, and the second patient shows, for the first time, recurrence of a MED13L missense mutation (p.(Asp860Gly)). Notably, our in silico modelling predicted this missense mutation to decrease the stability of an alpha-helix and thereby affecting the MED13L secondary structure, while the majority of published missense mutations remain variants of uncertain significance. Review of the reported patients with MED13L haploinsufficiency indicates moderate to severe ID and facial anomalies in all patients, as well as severe speech delay and muscular hypotonia in the majority. Further common signs include abnormal MRI findings of myelination defects and abnormal corpus callosum, ataxia and coordination problems, autistic features, seizures/abnormal EEG, or congenital heart defects, present in about 20-50% of the patients. With reference to facial anomalies, the majority of patients were reported to show broad/prominent forehead, low set ears, bitemporal narrowing, upslanting palpebral fissures, depressed/flat nasal bridge, bulbous nose, and abnormal chin, but macroglossia and horizontal eyebrows were also observed in ∼30%. The latter are especially important in the differential diagnosis of 1p36 deletion and Kleefstra syndromes, while the more common facial gestalt shows some resemblance to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Despite the fact that MED13L was found to be one of the most common ID genes in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, further detailed patient descriptions are needed to explore the full clinical spectrum, potential genotype-phenotype correlations, as well as the role of missense mutations and potential mutational hotspots along the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asadollahi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Patil SJ, Somashekar PH, Shukla A, Siddaiah S, Bhat V, Girisha KM, Rao PN. Clinical Variability in Familial X-Linked Ohdo Syndrome-Maat-Kievit-Brunner Type with MED12 Mutation. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:198-204. [PMID: 28794916 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ohdo syndrome-Maat-Kievit-Brunner (OSMKB) type is an X-linked recessive disorder, a subtype of blepharophimosis-intellectual disability syndromes caused by mutations in the mediator complex subunit 12 ( MED12 ) gene. Here we report a familial OSMKB type with two affected siblings and mutation in MED12 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Puneeth H Somashekar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Satish Siddaiah
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkatraman Bhat
- Department of Radiology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Pooja N Rao
- Division of Genetics, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
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