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Alanazi MA. The Role of Physical Activity in Adjunctive Nursing Management of Neuro-Degenerative Diseases among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:597. [PMID: 38792618 PMCID: PMC11122640 DOI: 10.3390/life14050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson's disease pose significant challenges to older adults globally. While pharmacological treatments remain primary, increasing evidence supports the role of non-pharmacological strategies like physical activity in managing these conditions. This systematic review critically evaluates the effectiveness of Nursing based physical activity interventions in improving cognitive function, physical functioning, mobility, and overall quality of life among older adults with neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and other relevant databases, focusing on randomized controlled trials and observational studies that examined the impact of structured physical activity. Our findings from nineteen studies involving 1673 participants indicate that interventions ranging from aerobic exercises, resistance training, to mind-body exercises like Tai Chi and yoga have beneficial effects. Specifically, physical activity was consistently found to enhance cognitive performance, increase mobility, and improve balance and daily living activities, contributing to a better quality of life. However, these benefits vary depending on the type, intensity, and duration of the activity performed. Despite promising results, limitations such as small sample sizes, study heterogeneity, and short-term follow-up periods call for more robust, long-term studies to solidify these findings. This review underscores the potential of tailored physical activity programs as adjunctive therapy in the comprehensive management of neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Awad Alanazi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Campbell TS, Donoghue K, Roth TL. Unlocking the epigenome: Stress and exercise induced Bdnf regulation in the prefrontal cortex. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 103:107353. [PMID: 38648864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Aversive caregiving in early life is a risk factor for aberrant brain and behavioral development. This outcome is related to epigenetic dysregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene. The Bdnf gene encodes for BDNF, a neurotrophin involved in early brain development, neural plasticity, learning, and memory. Recent work suggests that exercise may be neuroprotective in part by supporting BDNF protein and gene expression, making it an exciting target for therapeutic interventions. To our knowledge, exercise has never been studied as a therapeutic intervention in preclinical rodent models of caregiver maltreatment. To that end, the current study investigated the effect of an adult voluntary wheel running intervention on Bdnf methylation and expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats who experienced aversive caregiving in infancy. We employed a rodent model (Long Evans rats) wherein rat pups experienced intermittent caregiver-induced stress from postnatal days 1-7 and were given voluntary access to a running wheel (except in the control condition) from postnatal days 70-90 as a young adulthood treatment intervention. Our results indicate that maltreatment and exercise affect Bdnf gene methylation in an exon, CG site, and sex-specific manner. Here we add to a growing body of evidence of the ability for our experiences, including exercise, to permeate the brain. Keywords: Early life stress, Bdnf, exercise, prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Campbell
- University of Delaware, Psychological & Brain Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America.
| | - Katelyn Donoghue
- University of Delaware, Psychological & Brain Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Tania L Roth
- University of Delaware, Psychological & Brain Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
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Skovbjerg G, Fritzen AM, Svendsen CSA, Perens J, Skytte JL, Lund C, Lund J, Madsen MR, Roostalu U, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Clemmensen C. Atlas of exercise-induced brain activation in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101907. [PMID: 38428817 PMCID: PMC10943479 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is significant interest in uncovering the mechanisms through which exercise enhances cognition, memory, and mood, and lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we utilize forced treadmill running and distance-matched voluntary wheel running, coupled with light sheet 3D brain imaging and c-Fos immunohistochemistry, to generate a comprehensive atlas of exercise-induced brain activation in mice. METHODS To investigate the effects of exercise on brain activity, we compared whole-brain activation profiles of mice subjected to treadmill running with mice subjected to distance-matched wheel running. Male mice were assigned to one of four groups: a) an acute bout of voluntary wheel running, b) confinement to a cage with a locked running wheel, c) forced treadmill running, or d) placement on an inactive treadmill. Immediately following each exercise or control intervention, blood samples were collected for plasma analysis, and brains were collected for whole-brain c-Fos quantification. RESULTS Our dataset reveals 255 brain regions activated by acute exercise in mice, the majority of which have not previously been linked to exercise. We find a broad response of 140 regulated brain regions that are shared between voluntary wheel running and treadmill running, while 32 brain regions are uniquely regulated by wheel running and 83 brain regions uniquely regulated by treadmill running. In contrast to voluntary wheel running, forced treadmill running triggers activity in brain regions associated with stress, fear, and pain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a significant overlap in neuronal activation signatures between voluntary wheel running and distance-matched forced treadmill running. However, our analysis also reveals notable differences and subtle nuances between these two widely used paradigms. The comprehensive dataset is accessible online at www.neuropedia.dk, with the aim of enabling future research directed towards unraveling the neurobiological response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Skovbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gubra, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sashi Aier Svendsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner J, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates metabolic transducer SCD1 to catalyze vascular protective metabolites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7481. [PMID: 38354249 PMCID: PMC10866565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise promotes pulsatile shear stress in the arterial circulation and ameliorates cardiometabolic diseases. However, exercise-mediated metabolic transducers for vascular protection remain under-investigated. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that wild-type mice undergoing voluntary wheel running exercise expressed increased endothelial stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) that catalyzes anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites, namely, oleic (OA) and palmitoleic acids (PA), to mitigate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In silico analysis revealed that exercise augmented time-averaged wall shear stress but mitigated flow recirculation and oscillatory shear index in the lesser curvature of the mouse aortic arch. Following exercise, endothelial Scd1-deleted mice (Ldlr-/- Scd1EC-/-) on high-fat diet developed persistent VCAM1-positive endothelium in the lesser curvature and the descending aorta, whereas SCD1 overexpression via adenovirus transfection mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Single-cell transcriptomics of the aorta identified Scd1-positive and Vcam1-negative endothelial subclusters interacting with other candidate genes. Thus, exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates endothelial SCD1 to catalyze OA and PA for vascular endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Phan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheila Gonzalez-Ramos
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Khoa Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sumner
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rongsong Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Vazquez-Medina A, Rodriguez-Trujillo N, Ayuso-Rodriguez K, Marini-Martinez F, Angeli-Morales R, Caussade-Silvestrini G, Godoy-Vitorino F, Chorna N. Exploring the interplay between running exercises, microbial diversity, and tryptophan metabolism along the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1326584. [PMID: 38318337 PMCID: PMC10838991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1326584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergent recognition of the gut-brain axis connection has shed light on the role of the microbiota in modulating the gut-brain axis's functions. Several microbial metabolites, such as serotonin, kynurenine, tryptamine, indole, and their derivatives originating from tryptophan metabolism have been implicated in influencing this axis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the impact of running exercises on microbial tryptophan metabolism using a mouse model. We conducted a multi-omics analysis to obtain a comprehensive insight into the changes in tryptophan metabolism along the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced by running exercises. The analyses integrated multiple components, such as tryptophan changes and metabolite levels in the gut, blood, hippocampus, and brainstem. Fecal microbiota analysis aimed to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and taxon-function analysis explored the associations between specific microbial taxa and functional activities in tryptophan metabolism. Our findings revealed significant alterations in tryptophan metabolism across multiple sites, including the gut, blood, hippocampus, and brainstem. The outcomes indicate a shift in microbiota diversity and tryptophan metabolizing capabilities within the running group, linked to increased tryptophan transportation to the hippocampus and brainstem through circulation. Moreover, the symbiotic association between Romboutsia and A. muciniphila indicated their potential contribution to modifying the gut microenvironment and influencing tryptophan transport to the hippocampus and brainstem. These findings have potential applications for developing microbiota-based approaches in the context of exercise for neurological diseases, especially on mental health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vazquez-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicole Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kiara Ayuso-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Roberto Angeli-Morales
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nataliya Chorna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Boopathi S, Mendonca E, Gandhi A, Rady A, Darwish NM, Arokiyaraj S, Kumar TTA, Pachaiappan R, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Exploring the Combined Effect of Exercise and Apigenin on Aluminium-Induced Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03913-2. [PMID: 38191695 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium (AL) is a strong environmental neurotoxin linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Widespread industrial use leads to its presence in water systems, causing bioaccumulation in organisms. This, in turn, results in the bioaccumulation of AL in various organisms. Several studies have highlighted the benefits of enhanced physical activity in combating neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile widespread presence of apigenin in aquatic environment has been largely overlooked, in terms of its potential to counter AL-induced neurotoxicity. The combined impact of exercise and apigenin in mitigating the effects of AL-induced neurotoxicity in aquatic animals remains unexplored. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine whether the combined treatment of exercise and apigenin can effectively alleviate the chronic neurotoxicity induced by AL. Zebrafish that were exposed to AL showed behaviours resembling anxiety, increased aggression, unusual swimming pattern, and memory impairment, which are typical features observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like syndrome. Combined treatment of exercise and apigenin protects zebrafish from AL-induced neurotoxicity, which was measured by improvements in memory, reduced anxiety and aggression, and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, AL exposure is associated with increased expression of genes related to neuroinflammation and AD. However, synergistic effect of exercise and apigenin counteract this effect in AL-treated zebrafish. These findings suggest that AL is involved in neurodegenerative diseases in fish, which could affect the integrity of aquatic ecosystem. Hence, there is a strong correlation between enhanced physical activity, apigenin, and the well-being of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenivasan Boopathi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Edrea Mendonca
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Akash Gandhi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbasaya, P.O. Box, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | | | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India.
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Li H, Cao C, Li Y. Self-directed physical activity interventions for motor symptoms and quality of life in early and mid-stage Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105159. [PMID: 37625216 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-directed physical activity (SDPA) has been found in previous research to alleviate some of the symptoms of early and mid-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. So, this study aimed to determine the impact of SDPA on these patients in the areas of motor symptoms, and quality of life (QoL). METHOD PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest were all searched. The risk-of-bias tool of Cochrane for randomized trials, Version 2 (RoB 2), was also used to assess the credibility of studies in terms of their procedures. RESULTS 15 eligible studies were analyzed. SDPA improved motor function and mobility, including timed up and go (TUG) test [standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.55 (95% CI, -0.91 - -0.18), p = 0.003], 6-minute walking (6MW) test [1.11 (0.75 - 1.47), p < 0.00001], stride length [0.45 (0.18 - 0.72), p = 0.001], gait velocity [0.42 (0.04 - 0.81 p = 0.03], Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part-III (UPDRS-III) [-0.76 (-1.18 - -0.33), p = 0.0005] and enhanced Berg Balance Scale (BBS) [0.88 (0.50 - 1.27), p < 0.00001]). Despite engaging in SDPA, there was no significant improvement observed in freezing of gait (FOG) [0.23 (-0.11 - 0.56), p = 0.18] as well as the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) [0.04 (-0.55 - 0.62), p = 0.90]). CONCLUSION The motor symptoms of those with early to mid-stage PD improved with SDPA, however the research found no enhancement in FOG or QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhang Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhao Cao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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Raji CA, Meysami S, Hashemi S, Garg S, Akbari N, Gouda A, Chodakiewitz YG, Nguyen TD, Niotis K, Merrill DA, Attariwala R. Exercise-Related Physical Activity Relates to Brain Volumes in 10,125 Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:829-839. [PMID: 38073389 PMCID: PMC10874612 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential neuroprotective effects of regular physical activity on brain structure are unclear, despite links between activity and reduced dementia risk. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between regular moderate to vigorous physical activity and quantified brain volumes on magnetic resonance neuroimaging. METHODS A total of 10,125 healthy participants underwent whole-body MRI scans, with brain sequences including isotropic MP-RAGE. Three deep learning models analyzed axial, sagittal, and coronal views from the scans. Moderate to vigorous physical activity, defined by activities increasing respiration and pulse rate for at least 10 continuous minutes, was modeled with brain volumes via partial correlations. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, and total intracranial volume, and a 5% Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate addressed multiple comparisons. RESULTS Participant average age was 52.98±13.04 years (range 18-97) and 52.3% were biologically male. Of these, 7,606 (75.1%) reported engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity approximately 4.05±3.43 days per week. Those with vigorous activity were slightly younger (p < 0.00001), and fewer women compared to men engaged in such activities (p = 3.76e-15). Adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and multiple comparisons, increased days of moderate to vigorous activity correlated with larger normalized brain volumes in multiple regions including: total gray matter (Partial R = 0.05, p = 1.22e-7), white matter (Partial R = 0.06, p = 9.34e-11), hippocampus (Partial R = 0.05, p = 5.96e-7), and frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes (Partial R = 0.04, p≤1.06e-5). CONCLUSIONS Exercise-related physical activity is associated with increased brain volumes, indicating potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus A. Raji
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Somayeh Meysami
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Saint John’s Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Sam Hashemi
- Prenuvo, Vancouver, Canada
- Voxelwise Imaging Technology, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Nasrin Akbari
- Prenuvo, Vancouver, Canada
- Voxelwise Imaging Technology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Prenuvo, Vancouver, Canada
- Voxelwise Imaging Technology, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Thanh Duc Nguyen
- Prenuvo, Vancouver, Canada
- Voxelwise Imaging Technology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kellyann Niotis
- Early Medical, Austin, TX, USA
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases-Florida, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - David A. Merrill
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Saint John’s Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajpaul Attariwala
- Prenuvo, Vancouver, Canada
- Voxelwise Imaging Technology, Vancouver, Canada
- AIM Medical Imaging, Vancouver, Canada
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Mateus M, Castro Caldas A. Physiotherapy case reports on three people with progressive supranuclear palsy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1294293. [PMID: 38145087 PMCID: PMC10739486 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1294293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative brain disease that affects patient's functionality and quality of life. Physiotherapy should be recommended at the time of diagnosis to slow the progression of disability and enhance the quality of life of these patients. Clinical presentation Here, we describe three cases of patients with PSP, outlining their motor and non-motor symptoms and examining their clinical progression with physiotherapy intervention. During the initial intervention years, a reduction in the number of falls was achieved, along with improvements in gait and balance. Conclusion Exercise and physiotherapy appear to be beneficial for patients with PSP by enhancing their functionality and quality of life. Controlling or reducing the number of falls should be the primary goal of any intervention for patients with PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Castro Caldas
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde—Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Han W, Zhang H, Feng L, Dang R, Wang J, Cui C, Jiang P. The emerging role of exosomes in communication between the periphery and the central nervous system. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e410. [PMID: 37916034 PMCID: PMC10616655 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-enclosed vesicles, are secreted by all types of cells. Exosomes can transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and microRNAs, and can be circulated to various recipient cells, leading to the production of local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Numerous studies have proved that exosomes can pass through the blood-brain barrier, thus, enabling the transfer of peripheral substances into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, exosomes may be a vital factor in the exchange of information between the periphery and CNS. This review will discuss the structure, biogenesis, and functional characterization of exosomes and summarize the role of peripheral exosomes deriving from tissues like the lung, gut, skeletal muscle, and various stem cell types in communicating with the CNS and influencing the brain's function. Then, we further discuss the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in brain diseases and the clinical opportunities and challenges. Gaining a clearer insight into the communication between the CNS and the external areas of the body will help us to ascertain the role of the peripheral elements in the maintenance of brain health and illness and will facilitate the design of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing and treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
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Lin X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chu G, Liang J, Zhang B, Lu Y, Steward O, Luo J. Synergistic effect of chemogenetic activation of corticospinal motoneurons and physical exercise in promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114549. [PMID: 37774765 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Single therapeutic interventions have not yet been successful in restoring function after spinal cord injury. Accordingly, combinatorial interventions targeting multiple factors may hold greater promise for achieving maximal functional recovery. In this study, we applied a combinatorial approach of chronic chemogenetic neuronal activation and physical exercise including treadmill running and forelimb training tasks to promote functional recovery. In a mouse model of cervical (C5) dorsal hemisection of the spinal cord, which transects almost all descending corticospinal tract axons, combining selective activation of corticospinal motoneurons (CMNs) by intersectional chemogenetics with physical exercise significantly promoted functional recovery evaluated by the grid walking test, grid hanging test, rotarod test, and single pellet-reaching tasks. Electromyography and histological analysis showed increased activation of forelimb muscles via chemogenetic stimuli, and a greater density of vGlut1+ innervation in spinal cord grey matter rostral to the injury, suggesting enhanced neuroplasticity and connectivity. Combined therapy also enhanced activation of mTOR signaling and reduced apoptosis in spinal motoneurons, Counts revealed increased numbers of detectable choline acetyltransferase-positive motoneurons in the ventral horn. Taken together, the findings from this study validate a novel combinatorial approach to enhance motor function after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guangpin Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingwen Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Oswald Steward
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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12
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Oliveira JJD, Ribeiro AGSV, de Oliveira Silva JA, Barbosa CGR, Silva ADSE, Dos Santos GM, Verlengia R, Pertille A. Association between physical activity measured by accelerometry and cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2089-2101. [PMID: 37667883 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2248477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze studies that investigated the association between physical activity assessed by accelerometry and cognitive function in older people. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportsDiscus). RESULTS In total, 195 records were identified. Fifty-two studies were selected for a full evaluation; 23 were selected according to the inclusion criteria adopted and divided into four chapters (characteristics of the studies, the association between physical activity level and cognitive function decline, effects of physical activity in reducing the chances of cognitive function decline and effects of physical activity on brain plasticity. The cross-sectional studies had an average score of 7 points, and the cohort studies obtained 10 points, indicating the high quality of the selected studies. Seven studies indicated an association between Moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and cognitive function, two specifically indicated a reduction in the chances of cognitive function decline according to the interquartile of MVPA, and three studies indicated improvements in MVPA in brain plasticity. CONCLUSION Measured by accelerometry, seems to be favorably associated with important outcomes in cognitive function assessed through questionnaires, imaging analyses, and biochemical markers with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jonas de Oliveira
- Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Post-graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Gabriela Silva Vilela Ribeiro
- Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Post-graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rozangela Verlengia
- Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Post-graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pertille
- Faculdade de Americana - FAM, Physiotherapy Department, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Meng D, Ai S, Spanos M, Shi X, Li G, Cretoiu D, Zhou Q, Xiao J. Exercise and microbiome: From big data to therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5434-5445. [PMID: 38022690 PMCID: PMC10665598 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a vital component in maintaining optimal health and serves as a prospective therapeutic intervention for various diseases. The human microbiome, comprised of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in overall health. Given the advancements in microbiome research, substantial databases have been created to decipher the functionality and mechanisms of the microbiome in health and disease contexts. This review presents an initial overview of microbiomics development and related databases, followed by an in-depth description of the multi-omics technologies for microbiome. It subsequently synthesizes the research pertaining to exercise-induced modifications of the microbiome and diseases that impact the microbiome. Finally, it highlights the potential therapeutic implications of an exercise-modulated microbiome in intestinal disease, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and immune/inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Meng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Songwei Ai
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaohui Shi
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020031, Romania
- Materno-Fetal Assistance Excellence Unit, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest 011062, Romania
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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14
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Gómez-Cáceres B, Cano-López I, Aliño M, Puig-Perez S. Effectiveness of virtual reality-based neuropsychological interventions in improving cognitive functioning in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:1337-1370. [PMID: 36416175 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2148283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Increased prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has led to a need for new neuropsychological intervention tools in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to learn about the efficacy of virtual reality (VR)-based neuropsychological interventions in improving cognitive functioning in patients with MCI. Method: This review followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement, and it was registered in PROSPERO. The studies examined were collected from the PsycINFO, Web of Science, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Results: The systematic search yielded 258 articles, of which 13 randomized controlled trials were selected. VR-based neuropsychological interventions had moderate effects on global cognition (g = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.56; p = 0.02), small effects on attention (g = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.49; p = 0.02), and large effects on executive function (g = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.38, 0.81; p < 0.0001), but non-significant effects on working memory, episodic memory, language, or visuoconstruction. When the length of the intervention was considered, VR-based interventions of 15 or more hours had moderate effects on working memory (g = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.99; p = 0.01), and large effects on language (g = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.01, 1.20; p = 0.05) and visuoconstruction (g = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.58, 1.67; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Results suggest that VR-based interventions are beneficial for improving cognitive functioning in patients with MCI, and allow us to make recommendations that could have implications for clinical decision-making in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Cano-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Aliño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Puig-Perez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Zhan X, Chen C, Niu L, Du X, Lei Y, Dan R, Wang ZW, Liu P. Locomotion modulates olfactory learning through proprioception in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4534. [PMID: 37500635 PMCID: PMC10374624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Locomotor activities can enhance learning, but the underlying circuit and synaptic mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that locomotion facilitates aversive olfactory learning in C. elegans by activating mechanoreceptors in motor neurons, and transmitting the proprioceptive information thus generated to locomotion interneurons through antidromic-rectifying gap junctions. The proprioceptive information serves to regulate experience-dependent activities and functional coupling of interneurons that process olfactory sensory information to produce the learning behavior. Genetic destruction of either the mechanoreceptors in motor neurons, the rectifying gap junctions between the motor neurons and locomotion interneurons, or specific inhibitory synapses among the interneurons impairs the aversive olfactory learning. We have thus uncovered an unexpected role of proprioception in a specific learning behavior as well as the circuit, synaptic, and gene bases for this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hefeng Central Hospital, 445800, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Longgang Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Xinran Du
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Dan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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16
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Steinacker JM, van Mechelen W, Bloch W, Börjesson M, Casasco M, Wolfarth B, Knoke C, Papadopoulou T, Wendt J, Al Tunaiji H, Andresen D, Andrieieva O, Bachl N, Badtieva V, Beucher FJ, Blauwet CA, Casajus Mallen JA, Chang JH, Clénin G, Constantini N, Constantinou D, Di Luigi L, Declercq L, Doutreleau S, Drozdovska S, Duclos M, Ermolao A, Fischbach T, Fischer AN, Fossati C, Franchella J, Fulcher M, Galle JC, Gerloff C, Georgiades E, Gojanovic B, González Gross M, Grote A, Halle M, Hauner H, Herring MP, Hiura M, Holze K, Huber G, Hughes D, Hutchinson MR, Ionescu A, Janse van Rensburg DC, Jegier A, Jones N, Kappert-Gonther K, Kellerer M, Kimura Y, Kiopa A, Kladny B, Koch G, Kolle E, Kolt G, Koutedakis Y, Kress S, Kriemler S, Kröger J, Kuhn C, Laszlo R, Lehnert R, Lhuissier FJ, Lüdtke K, Makita S, Manonelles Marqueta P, März W, Micallef-Stafrace K, Miller M, Moore M, Müller E, Neunhäuserer D, Onur IR, Ööpik V, Perl M, Philippou A, Predel HG, Racinais S, Raslanas A, Reer R, Reinhardt K, Reinsberger C, Rozenstoka S, Sallis R, Sardinha LB, Scherer M, Schipperijn J, Seil R, Tan B, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Schumacher N, Schwaab B, Schwirtz A, Suzuki M, Swart J, Tiesler R, Tippelt U, Tillet E, Thornton J, Ulkar B, Unt E, Verhagen E, Weikert T, Vettor R, Zeng S, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Pigozzi F, Pitsiladis YP. Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity: the Hamburg Declaration. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001626. [PMID: 37533594 PMCID: PMC10391804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society. In response to this trend, numerous organisations came together under one umbrella in Hamburg, Germany, in April 2021 and signed the 'Hamburg Declaration'. This represented an international commitment to take all necessary actions to increase PA and improve the health of individuals to entire communities. Individuals and organisations are working together as the 'Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity' to drive long-term individual and population-wide behaviour change by collaborating with all stakeholders in the community: active hospitals, physical activity specialists, community services and healthcare providers, all achieving sustainable health goals for their patients/clients. The 'Hamburg Declaration' calls on national and international policymakers to take concrete action to promote daily PA and exercise at a population level and in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine Research at Ulm University, Institut für rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau, Germany
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Exercise is Medicine Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mats Börjesson
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | | | - Bernd Wolfarth
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Sport Medicine, Humboldt University and Charité University School of Medicine, Berlin, Deutschland, Germany
- German Society for Sports Medicine and Prevention, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention (DGSP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carolin Knoke
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
| | - Theodora Papadopoulou
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
- British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Janine Wendt
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hashel Al Tunaiji
- Sports Medicine, United Arab Emirates National Olympic Committee, Dubai, UAE
- Sports Medicine & Sciences Unit, Zayed Military University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Olena Andrieieva
- Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kiew, Ukraine
| | - Norbert Bachl
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victoriya Badtieva
- Sport Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Sport Medicine, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Moscow, Russian
| | - Friedhelm J Beucher
- National Paralympic Committee Germany (Deutscher Behindertensportverband (DBS), Bonn, Germany
| | - Cheri A Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose-Antonio Casajus Mallen
- University of Zaragoza, GENUD “Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development” Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ju-Ho Chang
- The Association for International Sport for All (TAFISA), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - German Clénin
- Sportsmedical Centre Bern-Ittigen, Ittigen, Switzerland
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Switzerland (SEMS), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Naama Constantini
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Exercise is Medicine Israel, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Demitri Constantinou
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stephane Doutreleau
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- French Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Société Française de Médecine de l'Exercice et du Sport, Paris, France
| | - Svitlana Drozdovska
- National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Martine Duclos
- French Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Société Française de Médecine de l'Exercice et du Sport, Paris, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR 1019, INRAE, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Exercise is Medicine Italy, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Fischbach
- German Association of Paediatric and Adolescent Care Specialists, BVKJ - Berufsverband der Kinder- und Jugendärzte, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasia N Fischer
- Sports Medicine and Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Jeorge Franchella
- Hospital de Clínicas José San Martin, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mark Fulcher
- Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- AUT Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jan C Galle
- German Society of Nephrology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (DGfN)), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- German Society for Neurology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN)), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Boris Gojanovic
- Sports Medicine, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Hopital de la Tour, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland
- SportAdo Consultation - Multidisciplinary Unit of Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela González Gross
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Health and Human Performance - Facultad de CC de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, INEF Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andy Grote
- Senat, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), European Society of Cardiology (ECS), Biot, France
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- German Diabetes Foundation, Deutsche Diabetes Stiftung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Mikio Hiura
- Center for Brain and Health Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kerstin Holze
- German Olympic Sports Confederation, Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Huber
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutscher Verband für Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. (DVGS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Hughes
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Australian Institute of Sport, Australian Sports Commission, Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark R. Hutchinson
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- American College of Sports Medicine Foundation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anca Ionescu
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dina Christina Janse van Rensburg
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Pretoria, South Africa
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anna Jegier
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natasha Jones
- Moving Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine UK, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Monika Kellerer
- German Diabetes Foundation, Deutsche Diabetes Stiftung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Exercise is Medicine Japan, Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Bernd Kladny
- German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU)) with the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU) and German Society of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery (DGOOC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Koch
- Platform on Nutrition and Physical Activity, Plattform Ernährung und Bewegung e.V. (peb), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elin Kolle
- Exercise is Medicine Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Greg Kolt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Exercise is Medicine Greece, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Exercise Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stephan Kress
- German Diabetes Association (Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG)), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Switzerland (SEMS), Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Zuerich University, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kröger
- German Diabetes Support (diabetesDE - Deutsche Diabetes-Hilfe), Charlottenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kuhn
- German Alliance for Baths, Bäderallianz Deutschland, Köln, Germany
- International Assocation for Sport and Leisure Facilities, Köln, Germany
| | - Roman Laszlo
- German Cardiac Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DGK)), Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ralph Lehnert
- Hamburg Sport Association (Hamburger Sportbund e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - François J Lhuissier
- French Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Société Française de Médecine de l'Exercice et du Sport, Paris, France
- UMR INSERM 1272 Hypoxie et poumon, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, France
- Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Médecine de l’exercice et du sport, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Kerstin Lüdtke
- German Society for Physiotherapy Science (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physiotherapiewissenschaft (DGPTW)), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Exercise is Medicine Japan, Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Dept. of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Pedro Manonelles Marqueta
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dept. of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Winfried März
- D.A.CH Society Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, D.A.CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Micallef-Stafrace
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Sports Complex, Institute for Physical Education and Sport, Msida, Malta
| | - Mike Miller
- World Olympians Association (WOA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Erich Müller
- European College of Sport Science, Köln, Germany
| | - Daniel Neunhäuserer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Exercise is Medicine Italy, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - I. Renay Onur
- Istanbul Spor Etkinlikleri ve Isletmeciligi A S, City of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vahur Ööpik
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Anastassios Philippou
- Exercise is Medicine Greece, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- German Hypertension League (Deutsche Hochdruckliga e.V. (DHL)), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- German Society for Hypertension and Prevention (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hypertonie und Prävention), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Research Education Centre, ASPETAR - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Algirdas Raslanas
- Department of Educational Assistance, Physical and Health Education, Vytautas Magnus University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruediger Reer
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- German Medical Association (Bundesaerztekammer), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- German Society for Sports Medicine and Prevention, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention (DGSP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Rozenstoka
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Sports Laboratory, Sports Medicine and Physical Health Centre, Riga, Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Sports Medicine Association, Riga, Latvia
| | - Robert Sallis
- Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise is Medicine Portugal, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin Scherer
- German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM)), Berlin, Germany
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Romain Seil
- Society for Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), Jena, Germany
| | - Benedict Tan
- Exercise is Medicine Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Sport & Exercise Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Schumacher
- Department of Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schwaab
- German Society for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Cardiovascular Diseases (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Prävention und Rehabilitation von Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DGPR)), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schwirtz
- German Society of Sports Science, Deutsche Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (DVS), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Exercise is Medicine Japan, Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeroen Swart
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ralph Tiesler
- Federal Institute for Sports Science (Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft (BISp)), Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ulf Tippelt
- Institute for Applied Training Science Leipzig, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Eleanor Tillet
- British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Thornton
- Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bulent Ulkar
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Weikert
- German Olympic Sports Confederation, Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Exercise is Medicine Italy, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sheng Zeng
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Lars Engebretsen
- International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ugur Erdener
- International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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17
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Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 37511879 PMCID: PMC10381534 DOI: 10.3390/life13071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder in which patients often experience feelings of sadness, fatigue, loss of interest, and pleasure. Exercise is a widely used intervention for managing depression, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are unclear. In this narrative review, we aim to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effect and discuss the various exercise interventions used for managing depression. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the topic of exercise and depression. Our review suggests that exercise impacts peripheral tryptophan metabolism, central inflammation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activating factor 1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscles. The uncarboxylated osteocalcin facilitates "bone-brain crosstalk", and exercise corrects atypical expression of brain-gut peptides, modulates cytokine production and neurotransmitter release, and regulates inflammatory pathways and microRNA expression. Aerobic exercise is recommended at frequencies of 3 to 5 times per week with medium to high intensity. Here we highlight the significant potential of exercise therapy in managing depression, supported by the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect. Understanding the molecular pathways and neural mechanisms involved in exercise's antidepressant effect opens new avenues for developing novel therapies for managing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
| | - Haili Xiao
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
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18
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Lee K, Han S, Suh HS. Early impact of COVID-19 social distancing on social determinants of health and their effects on mental health and quality of life of Korean undergraduate students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1197143. [PMID: 37465174 PMCID: PMC10352082 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1197143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the association between social determinants of health and perception of COVID-19 social distancing/mental health/quality of life during COVID-19 social distancing in Korean undergraduate students using online survey data augmented with natural language processing. Methods An online cross-sectional survey including sociodemographic characteristics, students' perceptions of COVID-19 social distancing, and social determinants of health was conducted between July and November in 2020. We conducted logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between social determinants of health (independent variables) and perceptions of COVID-19 social distancing, mental health, and quality of life (dependent variables). This association was augmented using sentiment analysis and word clouds by visualizing open-ended comments on COVID-19 social-distancing policies. Results Data were collected from 1,276 undergraduate students. Participants who experienced negative impacts on their social-networking activities due to COVID-19 social distancing were at significantly higher odds to perceive COVID-19 social distancing as not being beneficial [odds ratio (OR) = 1.948, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.254-3.027], to have increased stress levels (OR = 1.619, 95% CI 1.051-2.496), and to experience decreased quality of life over 5 weeks (OR = 2.230, 95% CI 1.448-3.434) against those who answered neutrally. In contrast, Participants who reported positive perceptions of social-networking activities during the COVID-19 pandemic had lower odds of feeling depressed or anxious (OR = 0.498, 95% CI 0.278-0.894) and reporting a low quality of life over 5 weeks (OR = 0.461, 95% CI 0.252-0.842) compared to those who reported neutral perceptions. Furthermore, the results of the word cloud and sentiment analyses showed that most students perceived social distancing negatively. Conclusions The government's social-distancing policy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 may have had a negative impact, particularly on undergraduate students' social-networking activities. This highlights the need for greater social support for this population, including access to psychotherapeutic resources, and improvements in policies to prevent infectious diseases while still maintaining social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongeun Lee
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sola Han
- Health Outcomes Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hae Sun Suh
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner JA, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise Mitigates Flow Recirculation and Activates Mechanosensitive Transcriptome to Uncover Endothelial SCD1-Catalyzed Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539172. [PMID: 37205360 PMCID: PMC10187200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise modulates vascular plasticity in multiple organ systems; however, the metabolomic transducers underlying exercise and vascular protection in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature remain under-investigated. We simulated exercise-augmented pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to mitigate flow recirculation in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. When human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were subjected to PSS ( τ ave = 50 dyne·cm -2 , ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyne·cm -2 ·s -1 , 1 Hz), untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzed the fatty acid metabolite, oleic acid (OA), to mitigate inflammatory mediators. Following 24 hours of exercise, wild-type C57BL/6J mice developed elevated SCD1-catalyzed lipid metabolites in the plasma, including OA and palmitoleic acid (PA). Exercise over a 2-week period increased endothelial SCD1 in the ER. Exercise further modulated the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS or τ ave) and oscillatory shear index (OSI ave ), upregulated Scd1 and attenuated VCAM1 expression in the disturbed flow-prone aortic arch in Ldlr -/- mice on high-fat diet but not in Ldlr -/- Scd1 EC-/- mice. Scd1 overexpression via recombinant adenovirus also mitigated ER stress. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the mouse aorta revealed interconnection of Scd1 with mechanosensitive genes, namely Irs2 , Acox1 and Adipor2 that modulate lipid metabolism pathways. Taken together, exercise modulates PSS ( τ ave and OSI ave ) to activate SCD1 as a metabolomic transducer to ameliorate inflammation in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature.
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20
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Hunzinger KJ, Caccese JB, Mannix R, Meehan WP, Hafer JF, Swanik CB, Buckley TA. Effects of contact/collision sport history on gait in early- to mid-adulthood. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:398-405. [PMID: 36496131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effect of contact/collision sport participation on measures of single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) gait among early- to middle-aged adults. METHODS The study recruited 113 adults (34.88 ± 11.80 years, (mean ± SD); 53.0% female) representing 4 groups. Groups included (a) former non-contact/collision athletes and non-athletes who are not physically active (n = 28); (b) former non-contact/collision athletes who are physically active (n = 29); (c) former contact/collision sport athletes who participated in high-risk sports and are physically active (n = 29); and (d) former rugby players with prolonged repetitive head impact exposure history who are physically active (n = 27). Gait parameters were collected using inertial measurement units during ST and DT gait. DT cost was calculated for all gait parameters (double support, gait speed, and stride length). Groups were compared first using one-way analysis of covariance. Then a multiple regression was performed for participants in the high-risk sport athletes and repetitive head impact exposure athletes groups only to predict gait outcomes from contact/collision sport career duration. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups on any ST, DT, or DT cost outcomes (p > 0.05). Contact/collision sport duration did not predict any ST, DT, or DT cost gait outcomes. CONCLUSION Years and history of contact/collision sport participation does not appear to negatively affect or predict neurobehavioral function in early- to mid-adulthood among physically active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Hunzinger
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jaclyn B Caccese
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA; Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02453, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Orthopedics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02453, USA
| | - Jocelyn F Hafer
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 02453, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 02453, USA
| | - C Buz Swanik
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 02453, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 02453, USA
| | - Thomas A Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 02453, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 02453, USA.
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Robert MK, Hales Reynolds MA, Eisenberg M, Rocha A. Exploring an 8-Week Online Adaptive Yoga Program for Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Holist Nurs Pract 2023; 37:62-70. [PMID: 36790420 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This pretest-posttest, descriptive pilot study examined the feasibility and perceived impact of an 8-week online adaptive yoga program on patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The program incorporated yoga poses, breathing practices, and relaxation techniques. Participants rated their perceived and actual symptom severity, overall quality of life, and perception of program impact, and contributed open-ended narrative comments about the program. All participants reported an overall perceived benefit from study participation and expressed enjoyment in interacting with other patients with multiple sclerosis. The program was found to be safe and rewarding for all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy K Robert
- Annie Taylor Dee School of Nursing, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah (Drs Robert, Hales Reynolds, and Rocha); and Yoga Moves MS, Franklin, Michigan (Ms Eisenberg)
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22
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Bhadra J, Sridhar N, Fajrial AK, Hammond N, Xue D, Ding X. Acoustic streaming enabled moderate swimming exercise reduces neurodegeneration in C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5056. [PMID: 36812319 PMCID: PMC9946341 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been shown to delay and alleviate neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, optimum physical exercise conditions that provide neuronal protection and exercise-related factors remain poorly understood. Here, we create an Acoustic Gym on a chip through the surface acoustic wave (SAW) microfluidic technology to precisely control the duration and intensity of swimming exercise of model organisms. We find that precisely dosed swimming exercise enabled by acoustic streaming decreases neuronal loss in two different neurodegenerative disease models of Caenorhabditis elegans, a Parkinson's disease model and a tauopathy model. These findings highlight the importance of optimum exercise conditions for effective neuronal protection, a key characteristic of healthy aging in the elderly population. This SAW device also paves avenues for screening for compounds that can enhance or replace the beneficial effects of exercise and for identifying drug targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Bhadra
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nakul Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Apresio Kefin Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nia Hammond
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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23
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Shabab S, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M, Gholamnezhad Z, Fouladi M, Asghari AA. The effects of endurance exercise and metformin on memory impairment caused by diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023:hmbci-2022-0061. [PMID: 36751729 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes has a negative effect on learning and memory performance, and it is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and dementia development. The present study aims to investigate the effects of two kinds of endurance exercise including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) as well as metformin on impaired memory and learning related to streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats. METHODS Forty adult male rats (250 ± 20 g weight) were divided into five groups (n=8), including control, diabetic, as well as diabetic rats treated with metformin (300 mg/kg), and HIIT (20 m/min), and MICT (15 m/min) exercises. Diabetes was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum glucose concentration and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, thiol, and MDA) in the cortex and hippocampus were determined by colorimetric assay. Behavioral tests were performed with a passive avoidance test. RESULTS The diabetic groups treated with metformin and both HIIT, and MICT exercises improved the latency and the staying time in the darkroom and lightroom. The entrance frequency into the darkroom also was restored (p<0.01-p<0.001). In both HIIT and MICT exercises as well as metformin groups the oxidative stress induced by diabetes has been reversed and attenuation of the serum glucose level has been observed compared to non-treated diabetic ones (p<0.05-p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed both HIIT and MICT exercises had protective effects against oxidative stress and behavioral impairments induced by diabetes and these effects were comparable to the effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Fouladi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Asghari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Behmadi H, Samiei F, Noruzi M, Halvaei Khankahdani Z, Hassani S, Mehdizadeh M, Pourahmad J, Taghizadeh G, Sharifzadeh M. The Effect of Physical Exercise Pretreatment on Spatial Memory and Learning and Function of Mitochondria in the Brain in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e135315. [PMID: 38148890 PMCID: PMC10750786 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-135315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and this issue is one of the major concerns in the pending years. T2DM causes numerous complications, including cognition, learning, and memory impairments. The positive effect of physical exercise as a popular approach has been shown in many chronic diseases. Further, the improvement effects of exercise on cognition and memory impairment have been noticed. Objectives This study examines the possible preventative effects of physical exercise on spatial memory attenuation and brain mitochondrial dysfunction caused by T2DM. Methods Male Wistar rats received treadmill exercise (30 min per day, five days per week for two or four weeks). Then, T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet and an injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze test. Further, brain mitochondrial function, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and ADP/ATP ratio, were measured. Results Impaired spatial memory in T2DM rats was observed. Furthermore, brain mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated proved by increased ROS generation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and ADP/ATP ratio. Conversely, physical exercise, before diabetes onset, significantly ameliorated spatial memory impairment and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions This study reveals that physical exercise could prevent diabetes-induced spatial memory impairment. Moreover, it could ameliorate brain mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the possible underlying mechanisms of spatial memory impairment in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoon Behmadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Samiei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Noruzi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehdizadeh
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Casaletto KB, Kornack J, Paolillo EW, Rojas JC, VandeBunte A, Staffaroni AS, Lee S, Heuer H, Forsberg L, Ramos EM, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Yaffe K, Petrucelli L, Boxer A, Boeve B, Gendron TF, Rosen H. Association of Physical Activity With Neurofilament Light Chain Trajectories in Autosomal Dominant Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Variant Carriers. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:82-90. [PMID: 36374516 PMCID: PMC9664369 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Physical activity is associated with cognitive health, even in autosomal dominant forms of dementia. Higher physical activity is associated with slowed cognitive and functional declines over time in adults carrying autosomal dominant variants for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but whether axonal degeneration is a potential neuroprotective target of physical activity in individuals with FTLD is unknown. Objective To examine the association between physical activity and longitudinal neurofilament light chain (NfL) trajectories in individuals with autosomal dominant forms of FTLD. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included individuals from the ALLFTD Consortium, which recruited patients from sites in the US and Canada. Symptomatic and asymptomatic adults with pathogenic variants in one of 3 common genes associated with FTLD (GRN, C9orf72, or MAPT) who reported baseline physical activity levels and completed annual blood draws were assessed annually for up to 4 years. Genotype, clinical measures, and blood draws were collected between December 2014 and June 2019; data were analyzed from August 2021 to January 2022. Associations between reported baseline physical activity and longitudinal plasma NfL changes were assessed using generalized linear mixed-effects models adjusting for baseline age, sex, education, functional severity, and motor symptoms. Exposures Baseline physical activity levels reported via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. To estimate effect sizes, marginal means were calculated at 3 levels of physical activity: 1 SD above the mean represented high physical activity, 0 SD represented average physical activity, and 1 SD below the mean represented low physical activity. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual plasma NfL concentrations were measured with single-molecule array technology. Results Of 160 included FTLD variant carriers, 84 (52.5%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 50.7 (14.7) years. A total of 51 (31.8%) were symptomatic, and 77 carried the C9orf72 variant; 39, GRN variant; and 44, MAPT variant. Higher baseline physical activity was associated with slower NfL trajectories over time. On average, NfL increased 45.8% (95% CI, 22.5 to 73.7) over 4 years in variant carriers. Variant carriers with high physical activity demonstrated 14.0% (95% CI, -22.7 to -4.3) slower NfL increases compared with those with average physical activity and 30% (95% CI, -52.2 to -8.8) slower NfL increases compared with those with low physical activity. Within genotype, C9orf72 and MAPT carriers with high physical activity evidenced 18% to 21% (95% CI, -43.4 to -7.2) attenuation in NfL, while the association between physical activity and NfL trajectory was not statistically significant in GRN carriers. Activities associated with higher cardiorespiratory and cognitive demands (sports, housework, and yardwork) were most strongly correlated with slower NfL trajectories (vs walking and strength training). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, higher reported physical activity was associated with slower progression of an axonal degeneration marker in individuals with autosomal dominant FTLD. Physical activity may serve as a primary prevention target in FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Kornack
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Emily W. Paolillo
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Julio C. Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anna VandeBunte
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Adam S. Staffaroni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Shannon Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hilary Heuer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Leah Forsberg
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eliana M. Ramos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Adam Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Brad Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tania F. Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Howard Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
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Scarfò G, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Franzoni F, Martini C. Exploring the Role of Lipid-Binding Proteins and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on the Neuroprotective Effects of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2116. [PMID: 36358488 PMCID: PMC9686611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is primarily composed of lipids, and their homeostasis is crucial to carry on normal neuronal functions. In order to provide an adequate amount of lipid transport in and out of the central nervous system, organisms need a set of proteins able to bind them. Therefore, alterations in the structure or function of lipid-binding proteins negatively affect brain homeostasis, as well as increase inflammation and oxidative stress with the consequent risk of neurodegeneration. In this regard, lifestyle changes seem to be protective against neurodegenerative processes. Nutraceutical supplementation with antioxidant molecules has proven to be useful in proving cognitive functions. Additionally, regular physical activity seems to protect neuronal vitality and increases antioxidant defenses. The aim of the present review was to investigate mechanisms that link lipid-binding protein dysfunction and oxidative stress to cognitive decline, also underlining the neuroprotective effects of diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Fakhoury M, Eid F, El Ahmad P, Khoury R, Mezher A, El Masri D, Haddad Z, Zoghbi Y, Ghayad LM, Sleiman SF, Stephan JS. Exercise and Dietary Factors Mediate Neural Plasticity Through Modulation of BDNF Signaling. Brain Plast 2022; 8:121-128. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “neural plasticity” was first used to describe non-pathological changes in neuronal structure. Today, it is generally accepted that the brain is a dynamic system whose morphology and function is influenced by a variety of factors including stress, diet, and exercise. Neural plasticity involves learning and memory, the synthesis of new neurons, the repair of damaged connections, and several other compensatory mechanisms. It is altered in neurodegenerative disorders and following damage to the central or peripheral nervous system. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate neural plasticity in both healthy and diseased states is of significant importance to promote cognition and develop rehabilitation techniques for functional recovery after injury. In this minireview, we will discuss the mechanisms by which environmental factors promote neural plasticity with a focus on exercise- and diet-induced factors. We will highlight the known circulatory factors that are released in response to exercise and discuss how all factors activate pathways that converge in part on the activation of BDNF signaling. We propose to harness the therapeutic potential of exercise by using BDNF as a biomarker to identify novel endogenous factors that promote neural plasticity. We also discuss the importance of combining exercise factors with dietary factors to develop a lifestyle pill for patients afflicted by CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Fady Eid
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Perla El Ahmad
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Reine Khoury
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Amar Mezher
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Diala El Masri
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Zena Haddad
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Yara Zoghbi
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Litsa Maria Ghayad
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sama F. Sleiman
- Biological Sciences Program, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Sars D. PE augmented mindfulness: A neurocognitive framework for research and future healthcare. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:899988. [PMID: 36082227 PMCID: PMC9446465 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.899988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various well-controlled studies have suggested that practitioners in mindfulness can be prone to patient drop-out (e.g., due to chronic stress, pathology, cognitive reactivity), despite researchers having identified the underlying mechanisms that link mindfulness to mental health. In this article, a framework for physical exercise (PE) augmented mindfulness is proposed, which posits that consistently practiced PE before meditation can support (early-stage) mindfulness. Neurocognitive research shows PE (aerobic exercises or yoga) and mindfulness to impact similar pathways of stress regulation that involve cognitive control and stress regulation, thereby supporting the proposed synergistic potential of PE augmented mindfulness. Research focused on the psychophysiological impact of PE, showed its practice to promote short-term neurocognitive changes that can promote both cognitive control and the attainment of mindful awareness (MA). In order to chart dose responses required for protocol development, further research will be presented. Together these findings are discussed in light of future research on this multidisciplinary topic, protocol development, mindful walking, and further application in healthcare and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sars
- Mettaminds.org, Mindfulness Based Projects, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Integral Rehabilitation (CIR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: David Sars,
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Physical exercise promotes integration of grafted cells and functional recovery in an acute stroke rat model. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:276-288. [PMID: 35030322 PMCID: PMC8828662 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neural progenitor cell (hNPC) transplantation holds great potential to treat neurological diseases. However, hNPC grafts take a long time to differentiate into mature neurons due to their intrinsically prolonged developmental timetable. Here, we report that postoperative physical exercise (PE), a prevailing rehabilitation intervention, promotes the neuronal commitment, maturation, and integration of engrafted hNPCs, evidenced by forming more synapses, receiving more synaptic input from host neurons, and showing higher neuronal activity levels. More important, NPC transplantation, combined with PE, shows significant improvement in both structural and behavioral outcomes in stroke-damaged rats. PE enhances ingrowth of blood vessels around the infarction region and neural tract reorganization along the ischemic boundary. The combination of NPC transplantation and postoperative PE creates both a neurotrophic/growth factor-enriched proneuronal microenvironment and an ideal condition for activity-dependent plasticity to give full play to its effects. Our study provides a potential approach to treating patients with stroke injury. Physical exercise boosts the maturation and integration of engrafted human NPCs This strategy brings about both structural and behavioral improvements in stroke rats This strategy creates a neurotrophic factor-enriched microenvironment Activity-dependent plasticity is also involved in this process
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Alisch JSR, Egan JM, Bouhrara M. Differences in the choroid plexus volume and microstructure are associated with body adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:984929. [PMID: 36313760 PMCID: PMC9606414 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.984929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a cerebral structure located in the ventricles that functions in producing most of the brain's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and transporting proteins and immune cells. Alterations in CP structure and function has been implicated in several pathologies including aging, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. However, identification of changes in the CP remains poorly characterized in obesity, one of the main risk factors of neurodegeneration, including in the absence of frank central nervous system alterations. Our goal here was to characterize the association between obesity, measured by the body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) metrics, and CP microstructure and volume, assessed using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology. This cross-sectional study was performed in the clinical unit of the National Institute on Aging and included a participant population of 123 cognitively unimpaired individuals spanning the age range of 22 - 94 years. Automated segmentation methods from FreeSurfer were used to identify the CP structure. Our analysis included volumetric measurements, quantitative relaxometry measures (T 1 and T 2), and the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measure of mean diffusivity (MD). Strong positive associations were observed between WC and all MRI metrics, as well as CP volume. When comparing groups based on the established cutoff point by the National Institutes of Health for WC, a modest difference in MD and a significant difference in T 1 values were observed between obese and lean individuals. We also found differences in T1 and MD between obese and overweight individuals as defined using the BMI cutoff. We conjecture that these observations in CP volume and microstructure are due to obesity-induced inflammation, diet, or, very likely, dysregulations in leptin binding and transport. These findings demonstrate that obesity is strongly associated with a decline in CP microstructural integrity. We expect that this work will lay the foundation for further investigations on obesity-induced alterations in CP structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S R Alisch
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mustapha Bouhrara
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Pereira R, Picoli RMDMD, Valenti L, Shiguemoto GE. Blood lactate as a biomarker of depression: a comparative study between runners and sedentary people. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220019521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Qin Z, Han X, Ran J, Guo S, Lv L. Exercise-Mediated Alteration of miR-192-5p Is Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:36-43. [PMID: 34256371 DOI: 10.1159/000516928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical exercise is an important component of managing Alzheimer's disease (AD). miRNAs can be modulated by exercise intervention. OBJECTIVE The study explored the involvement and potential mechanism of miR-192-5p in the protective effect of physical exercise on AD. METHODS Ninety AD patients were enrolled, in which 45 cases accepted cycling training for continuous 3 months. The expression changes of miR-192-5p before and after exercise were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. 8-month-old APP/PS1 double Tg mice were used as the AD animal model. Mice in the voluntary exercise (VE) group received VE for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to calculate the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. RESULTS AD patients showed elevated MMSE scores, decreased ADAS-cog and NPI-Q scores after 3 months of exercise. miR-192-5p was downregulated in the serum of AD patients and correlated with the levels of MMSE score, ADAS-cog, and NPI-Q score. A positive association was detected between serum miR-192-5p with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels. MiR-192-5p is downregulated in the hippocampus tissues of mice after VE. Overexpression of miR-192-5p reversed the neuroprotective effect of exercise on AD in mice and promoted the inflammatory response of AD mice. CONCLUSION MiR-192-5p can be modulated by the exercise intervention and involved in the protective effect of exercise on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Han
- Department of Preventive Treatment Disease Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Cariati I, Bonanni R, Pallone G, Scimeca M, Frank C, Tancredi V, D’Arcangelo G. Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6040101. [PMID: 34940510 PMCID: PMC8706318 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training is known to influence cognitive processes, such as memory and learning, both in animal models and in humans. Particularly, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that aerobic exercise can increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, improve hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and reduce age-related decline in mnemonic function. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Based on this evidence, the aim of our study was to verify whether the application of two aerobic training protocols, different in terms of speed and speed variation, could modulate synaptic plasticity in a young murine model. Therefore, we assessed the presence of any functional changes by extracellular recordings in vitro in mouse hippocampal slices and structural alterations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed that an aerobic training protocol, well designed in terms of speed and speed variation, significantly contributes to improving synaptic plasticity and hippocampal ultrastructure, optimizing its benefits in the brain. Future studies will aim to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Pallone
- Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.T.); (G.D.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Multiple Applications of Different Exercise Modalities with Rodents. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3898710. [PMID: 34868454 PMCID: PMC8639251 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3898710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of chronic diseases can be derived from a sedentary lifestyle. Raising physical activity awareness is indispensable, as lack of exercise is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Animal models in different research fields serve as important tools in the study of acute or chronic noncommunicable disorders. With the help of animal-based exercise research, exercise-mediated complex antioxidant and inflammatory pathways can be explored, which knowledge can be transferred to human studies. Whereas sustained physical activity has an enormous number of beneficial effects on many organ systems, these animal models are easily applicable in several research areas. This review is aimed at providing an overall picture of scientific research studies using animal models with a focus on different training modalities. Without wishing to be exhaustive, the most commonly used forms of exercise are presented.
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The Effect of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical and Rehabilitative Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111632. [PMID: 34769062 PMCID: PMC8583932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of pathologies that cause severe disability due to motor and cognitive limitations. In particular, cognitive impairment is a growing health and socioeconomic problem which is still difficult to deal with today. As there are no pharmacologically effective treatments for cognitive deficits, scientific interest is growing regarding the possible impacts of healthy lifestyles on them. In this context, physical activity is gaining more and more evidence as a primary prevention intervention, a nonpharmacological therapy and a rehabilitation tool for improving cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases. In this descriptive overview we highlight the neurobiological effects of physical exercise, which is able to promote neuroplasticity and neuroprotection by acting at the cytokine and hormonal level, and the consequent positive clinical effects on patients suffering from cognitive impairment.
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Pan S, Chan JR. Clinical Applications of Myelin Plasticity for Remyelinating Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:558-567. [PMID: 34402546 PMCID: PMC8555870 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) and subsequent axonal degeneration represent a major cause of clinical morbidity. Learning, salient experiences, and stimulation of neuronal activity induce new myelin formation in rodents, and in animal models of demyelination, remyelination can be enhanced via experience- and activity-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, preliminary studies in MS patients support the use of neuromodulation and rehabilitation exercises for symptomatic improvement, suggesting that these interventions may represent nonpharmacological strategies for promoting remyelination. Here, we review the literature on myelin plasticity processes and assess the potential to leverage these mechanisms to develop remyelinating therapies. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:558-567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jonah R. Chan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco
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Umegaki H. Physical activity and neurodegeneration in older adults Comment on: "Associations between physical activity, blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration, and cognition in healthy older adults: The MAPT study". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:e34-e35. [PMID: 34244773 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Yang L, Pan H. Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656455. [PMID: 34290615 PMCID: PMC8287254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulated evidence from animal and human studies supports that exercise is beneficial to physical health. Exercise can upregulate various neurotrophic factors, activate neuroplasticity, and play a positive role in improving and enhancing cerebrovascular function. Due to its economy, convenience, and ability to prevent or ameliorate various aging-related diseases, exercise, a healthy lifestyle, is increasingly popularized by people. However, the mechanism by which exercise performs this function and how it is transmitted from muscles to the brain remains incompletely understood. Here, we review the beneficial effects of exercise with different intensities on the brain with a focus on the positive effects of lactate on neuroplasticity and cerebrovascular plasticity. Based on these recent studies, we propose that lactate, a waste previously misunderstood as a by-product of glycolysis in the past, may be a key signal molecule that regulates the beneficial adaptation of the brain caused by exercise. Importantly, we speculate that a central protective mechanism may underlie the cognitive benefits induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Valientes DA, Raus AM, Lvy AS. An Improved Method for Individual Tracking of Voluntary Wheel Running in Pair-housed Juvenile Mice. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4071. [PMID: 34327268 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent cages equipped with access to a voluntary running wheel are commonly used to study the effects of aerobic physical activity on physiology and behavior. Notable discoveries in exercise neurobiology, including the key role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neural plasticity and cognition, have been made using rodents housed with voluntary running wheels. A major advantage of using home-cage running wheels over treadmills is the elimination of stress potentially associated with forced running. In addition, voluntary wheel running may simulate a more natural running pattern in laboratory mice. Singly housing mice with voluntary running wheels is traditionally employed to obtain exact quantitation of the distance ran; however, social isolation stress is often ignored to obtain precise running distances. Moreover, voluntary exercise studies in adolescent mice must consider the neurodevelopmental implications of isolation stress. In this protocol, we wean 21-day-old mouse pups directly into running wheel-equipped cages and pair-house them to reduce the impact of social isolation and other developmentally specific factors that could adversely affect their behavior or development. Individual running distances are obtained from each mouse in the cage using a radio-frequency identification (RFID) ear tag and a hidden antenna placed directly under the running wheel. We have demonstrated that voluntary running during a specific juvenile-adolescent developmental period can improve hippocampal memory when tested during adolescence ( Ivy et al., 2020 ). Individual exercise tracking of group-housed mice can enable future studies to precisely correlate the amount of exercise with readouts such as cell-specific gene expression, epigenetic mechanisms, serum biomarkers, and behavior, in an intra-individual manner. Graphic abstract: Figure 1.Illustration of the dual RFID and Vital View system for individual mouse running in a pair-housed cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Valientes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anthony M Raus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Autumn S Lvy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
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Rahmati M, Keshvari M, Mirnasouri R, Chehelcheraghi F. Exercise and Urtica dioica extract ameliorate hippocampal insulin signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111577. [PMID: 33839493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is related to cognitive impairments and molecular abnormalities of the hippocampus. A growing body of evidence suggests that Urtica dioica (Ud) and exercise training (ET) have potential therapeutic effects on diabetes and its related complications. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combined effect of exercise training (ET) and Ud might play an important role in insulin signaling pathway, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. METHODS Forty animals were divided into five groups (N = 8): healthy-sedentary (H-sed), diabetes-sedentary (D-sed), diabetes-exercise training (D-ET), diabetes-Urtica dioica (D-Ud), diabetes-exercise training-Urtica dioica (D-ET-Ud). Streptozotocin (STZ) (Single dosage; 45 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce diabetes. Then, ET (moderate intensity/5day/week) and Ud extract (50 mg/kg, oral/daily) were administered for six weeks. We also investigated the effects of ET and Ud on cognitive performance (assessed through Morris Water Maze tests), antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation markers in hippocampus. Furthermore, we measured levels of insulin sensitivity and signaling factors (insulin-Ins, insulin receptor-IR and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-IGF-1R), and neuroinflammatory markers (IL-1 β, TNF-α). This was followed by TUNEL assessment of the apoptosis rate in all regions of the hippocampus. RESULTS D-sed rats compared to H-sed animals showed significant impairments (P < 0.001) in hippocampal insulin sensitivity and signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, which resulted in cognitive dysfunction. Ud extract and ET treatment effectively improved these impairments in D-ET (P < 0.001), D-Ud (P < 0.05), and D-ET-Ud (P < 0.001) groups compared to D-sed rats. Moreover, diabetes mediated hippocampal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin signaling deficits, apoptosis, and cognitive dysfunction was further reversed by chronic Ud+ET administration in D-ET-Ud rats (P < 0.001) compared to D-sed animals. CONCLUSIONS Ud extract and ET ameliorate cognitive dysfunction via improvement in hippocampal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin signaling pathway, and apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results of this study provide new experimental evidence for using Ud+ET in the treatment of hippocampal complications and cognitive dysfunction caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rahim Mirnasouri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Lorestan University Medical of Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Summers RLS, Rafferty MR, Howell MJ, MacKinnon CD. Motor Dysfunction in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Rehabilitation Framework for Prodromal Synucleinopathy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:611-621. [PMID: 33978530 PMCID: PMC8225559 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211011238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) and other related diseases with α-synuclein pathology are associated with a long prodromal or preclinical stage of disease. Predictive models based on diagnosis of idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) make it possible to identify people in the prodromal stage of synucleinopathy who have a high probability of future disease and provide an opportunity to implement neuroprotective therapies. However, rehabilitation providers may be unaware of iRBD and the motor abnormalities that indicate early motor system dysfunction related to α-synuclein pathology. Furthermore, there is no existing rehabilitation framework to guide early interventions for people with iRBD. The purpose of this work is to (1) review extrapyramidal signs of motor system dysfunction in people with iRBD and (2) propose a framework for early protective or preventive therapies in prodromal synucleinopathy using iRBD as a predictive marker. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies indicate that the earliest emerging motor deficits in iRBD are bradykinesia, deficits performing activities of daily living, and abnormalities in speech, gait, and posture. These deficits may emerge up to 12 years before a diagnosis of synucleinopathy. The proposed rehabilitation framework for iRBD includes early exercise-based interventions of aerobic exercise, progressive resistance training, and multimodal exercise with rehabilitation consultations to address exercise prescription, progression, and monitoring. This rehabilitation framework may be used to implement neuroprotective, multidisciplinary, and proactive clinical care in people with a high likelihood of conversion to PD, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple systems atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam R. Rafferty
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Michael J. Howell
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Colum D. MacKinnon
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Mercerón-Martínez D, Ibaceta-González C, Salazar C, Almaguer-Melian W, Bergado-Rosado JA, Palacios AG. Alzheimer’s Disease, Neural Plasticity, and Functional Recovery. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S37-S50. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common and devastating neurodegenerative condition worldwide, characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau protein, and is accompanied by a progressive loss of learning and memory. A healthy nervous system is endowed with synaptic plasticity, among others neural plasticity mechanisms, allowing structural and physiological adaptations to changes in the environment. This neural plasticity modification sustains learning and memory, and behavioral changes and is severely affected by pathological and aging conditions, leading to cognitive deterioration. This article reviews critical aspects of AD neurodegeneration as well as therapeutic approaches that restore neural plasticity to provide functional recoveries, including environmental enrichment, physical exercise, transcranial stimulation, neurotrophin involvement, and direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala. In addition, we report recent behavioral results in Octodon degus, a promising natural model for the study of AD that naturally reproduces the neuropathological alterations observed in AD patients during normal aging, including neuronal toxicity, deterioration of neural plasticity, and the decline of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daymara Mercerón-Martínez
- Experimental Electrophysiology Lab, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana City, Cuba
| | | | - Claudia Salazar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - William Almaguer-Melian
- Experimental Electrophysiology Lab, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana City, Cuba
| | | | - Adrian G. Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Cariati I, Masuelli L, Bei R, Tancredi V, Frank C, D’Arcangelo G. Neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: An Updated Review on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Counteract Brain and Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126600. [PMID: 34202978 PMCID: PMC8234817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive storage disorder, characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol in the late endo-lysosomal system of cells. Progressive neurological deterioration and the onset of symptoms, such as ataxia, seizures, cognitive decline, and severe dementia, are pathognomonic features of the disease. In addition, different pathological similarities, including degeneration of hippocampal and cortical neurons, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neurofibrillary tangle formation, have been identified between NPC disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet well understood, and even a real cure to counteract neurodegeneration has not been identified. Therefore, the combination of current pharmacological therapies, represented by miglustat and cyclodextrin, and non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical exercise and appropriate diet, could represent a strategy to improve the quality of life of NPC patients. Based on this evidence, in our review we focused on the neurodegenerative aspects of NPC disease, summarizing the current knowledge on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for cognitive impairment, and suggesting physical exercise and nutritional treatments as additional non-pharmacologic approaches to reduce the progression and neurodegenerative course of NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Bliss RR, Church FC. Golf as a Physical Activity to Potentially Reduce the Risk of Falls in Older Adults with Parkinson's Disease. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9060072. [PMID: 34070988 PMCID: PMC8224548 DOI: 10.3390/sports9060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with an increased risk for falls in aging adults. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD), with advanced age as the most significant risk factor. PD is a neurodegenerative disorder with four Cardinal motor symptoms: rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and tremor. Thus, people (person)-with-Parkinson’s disease (PwP) have an even greater risk of falling than non-disorder age-matched peers. Exercise is an activity requiring physical effort, typically carried out to sustain or improve overall health and fitness, and it lowers the risk of falls in the general population. The sport of golf provides a low-impact all-around workout promoting a range of motion, activation of muscles in the upper and lower body, flexibility, and balance. Swinging a golf club offers a unique combination of high amplitude axial rotation, strengthening postural musculature, coordination, and stabilization, demonstrating the potential to impact PD symptoms positively. Golf may be a novel exercise treatment regimen for PD to use in conjunction with traditional medical therapy. We completed a literature review to determine the relationship between the game of golf, PD, and the risk of falls. We concluded that regularly playing golf can lower the risk for falls in community ambulating older adults with PD and demonstrates the potential to improve quality of life for PwP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank C. Church
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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Strengthening the Case for Cluster Set Resistance Training in Aged and Clinical Settings: Emerging Evidence, Proposed Benefits and Suggestions. Sports Med 2021; 51:1335-1351. [PMID: 33983613 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is a fundamental component of exercise prescription aimed at improving overall health and function. RT techniques such as cluster set (CS) configurations, characterized by additional short intra-set or inter-repetition rest intervals, have been shown to maintain acute muscular force, velocity, and 'power' outputs across a RT session, and facilitate positive longer-term neuromuscular adaptations. However, to date CS have mainly been explored from a human performance perspective despite potential for application in health and clinical exercise settings. Therefore, this current opinion piece aims to highlight emerging evidence and provide a rationale for why CS may be an advantageous RT technique for older adults, and across several neurological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular and pulmonary settings. Specifically, CS may minimize acute fatigue and adverse physiologic responses, improve patient tolerance of RT and promote functional adaptations (i.e., force, velocity, and power). Moreover, we propose that CS may be a particularly useful exercise rehabilitation technique where injury or illness, persistent fatigue, weakness and dysfunction exist. We further suggest that CS offer an alternative RT strategy that can be easily implemented alongside existing exercise/rehabilitation programs requiring no extra cost, minimal upskilling and/or time commitment for the patient and professional. In light of the emerging evidence and likely efficacy in clinical exercise practice, future research should move toward further direct investigation of CS-based RT in a variety of adverse health conditions and across the lifespan given the already demonstrated benefits in healthy populations.
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Jiang T, Luo J, Pan X, Zheng H, Yang H, Zhang L, Hu X. Physical exercise modulates the astrocytes polarization, promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Life Sci 2021; 278:119526. [PMID: 33894268 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS White matter damage is the main pathological feature of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and glial activation is crucial in this process. Physical exercise has protective effects on CCH, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the influence of physical exercise on activated astrocytes polarization and its role in CCH. MAIN METHODS Rats were given wheel running 48 h after 2VO (2 vessel occlusion) surgery. The cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. Inflammatory cytokines expressions were detected by ELISA. Astrocytes polarization was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Myelin debris clearance and remyelination were detected by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. KEY FINDINGS Astrocytes were activated and mainly switched to A1 phenotype in rats 2 and 3 months after 2VO. Myelin debris deposition and limited remyelination can be observed at the corresponding time. Whereas physical exercise can improve the cognitive function of 2VO rats, downregulate the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1α, C1q and TNF, upregulate the release of TGFβ, and promote activated astrocytes transformation from A1 to A2 phenotype. In addition, it can also enhance myelin debris removal and remyelination. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that the benefits of physical exercise on white matter repair and cognition improvement may be related to its regulation of astrocytes polarization, which contributes to myelin debris clearance and effective remyelination in CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaona Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huaichun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Hvid LG, Harwood DL, Eskildsen SF, Dalgas U. A Critical Systematic Review of Current Evidence on the Effects of Physical Exercise on Whole/Regional Grey Matter Brain Volume in Populations at Risk of Neurodegeneration. Sports Med 2021; 51:1651-1671. [PMID: 33861414 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the intriguing potential of physical exercise being able to preserve or even restore brain volume (grey matter volume in particular)-a tissue essential for both cognitive and physical function-no reviews have so far synthesized the existing knowledge from randomized controlled trials investigating exercise-induced changes of the brain's grey matter volume in populations at risk of neurodegeneration. Our objective was to critically review the existing evidence regarding this topic. METHODS A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases primo April 2020, to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of aerobic training, resistance training or concurrent training on brain grey volume changes (by MRI) in adult clinical or healthy elderly populations. RESULTS A total of 20 articles (from 19 RCTs) evaluating 3-12 months of aerobic, resistance, or concurrent training were identified and included, involving a total of 1662 participants (populations: healthy older adults, older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease, adults with schizophrenia or multiple sclerosis or major depression). While few studies indicated a positive effect-although modest-of physical exercise on certain regions of brain grey matter volume, the majority of study findings were neutral (i.e., no effects/small effect sizes) and quite divergent across populations. Meta-analyses showed that different exercise modalities failed to elicit any substantial effects on whole brain grey volume and hippocampus volume, although with rather large confidence interval width (i.e., variability). CONCLUSION Altogether, the current evidence on the effects of physical exercise on whole/regional grey matter brain volume appear sparse and inconclusive, and does not support that physical exercise is as potent as previously proposed when it comes to affecting brain grey matter volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dylan L Harwood
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084052. [PMID: 33919972 PMCID: PMC8070923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.
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López-Ortiz S, Pinto-Fraga J, Valenzuela PL, Martín-Hernández J, Seisdedos MM, García-López O, Toschi N, Di Giuliano F, Garaci F, Mercuri NB, Nisticò R, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062897. [PMID: 33809300 PMCID: PMC7999827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Jose Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - María M. Seisdedos
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Oscar García-López
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Department of Radiology, “Athinoula A. Martinos” Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Casa di Cura “San Raffaele Cassino”, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lista
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomeédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Staying Strong Toolbox: Co-design of a physical activity and lifestyle program for Aboriginal families with Machado-Joseph disease in the Top End of Australia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244311. [PMID: 33544709 PMCID: PMC7864457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has positive health implications for individuals living with neurodegenerative diseases. The success of physical activity programs, particularly in culturally and linguistically diverse populations, is typically dependent on their alignment with the culture, lifestyle and environmental context of those involved. Aboriginal families living in remote communities in the Top End of Australia invited researchers to collaborate with them to co-design a physical activity and lifestyle program to keep individuals with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) walking and moving around. The knowledge of Aboriginal families living with MJD, combined with findings from worldwide MJD research, formed the foundation for the co-design. An experience-based co-design (EBCD) approach, drawing from Indigenous and Participatory methodologies, was used. An expert panel of individuals with lived experience of MJD participated in a series of co-design phases. Prearranged and spontaneous co-design meetings were led by local community researchers within each phase. Data was collected using a culturally responsive ethnographic approach and analysed thematically. Sixteen panel members worked to develop the ‘Staying Strong Toolbox’ to cater for individuals with MJD who are ‘walking strong’; or ‘wobbly’; or ‘in a wheelchair’. Based on the ‘Staying Strong Framework’, the Toolbox was developed as a spiral bound A3 book designed to guide the user to select from a range of activities to keep them walking and moving around and to identify those activities most important to them to work on. The ‘Staying Strong Toolbox’ is a community driven, evidence based resource for a physical activity and lifestyle program for Aboriginal families with MJD. The Toolbox provides a guide for health professionals and support workers to deliver person-centred support to Aboriginal families with MJD, and that can be modified for use by other families with MJD or people with other forms of ataxia around the world.
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