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Miranda L. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of activating 5HT2A receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex and the theoretical mechanisms underlying them - A scoping review of available literature. Brain Res 2024; 1846:149226. [PMID: 39251056 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs that activate the 5HT2A receptor have long been the target of extensive clinical research, particularly in models of psychiatric illness. The aim of this literature review was to investigate the therapeutic effects of 5HT2A receptor activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the respective mechanisms that underlie them. Based on the available research, I suggest that 5HT2A receptors in the ACC exert profound changes in excitatory neurotransmission and brain network connectivity in a way that reduces anxious preoccupation and obsessional thoughts, as well as promoting cognitive flexibility and long-lasting mood improvements in anhedonia. This is possibly due to a complex interplay with glutamate and gamma-butyric acid neurotransmission, particularly 5HT2A activation enhances α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor signalling, thus altering the ratio of AMPA to N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) activity in the ACC, which can dismantle previously established neuronal connections and aid the formation of new ones, an effect that may be beneficial for fear extinction and reversal learning. Psychedelics potentially change intra- and internetwork connectivity, strengthening connectivity from the dorsal ACC / Salience Network to the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Central Executive Network (CEN), which correlates with improvements in attentional shifting and anti-anhedonic effects. Additionally, they may decrease inhibitory influence of the DMN over the CEN which may reduce overevaluation of internal states and ameliorate cognitive deficits. Activation of ACC 5HT2A receptors also has important downstream effects on subcortical areas, including reducing amygdala reactivity to threatening stimuli and enhancing mesolimbic dopamine, respectively improving anxiety and the experience of natural rewards.
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Zeiss R, Malejko K, Connemann B, Gahr M, Durner V, Graf H. Sexual Dysfunction Induced by Antidepressants-A Pharmacovigilance Study Using Data from VigiBase TM. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:826. [PMID: 39065677 PMCID: PMC11279909 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of antidepressants, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and treatment adherence. This study investigates the relationship between sexual dysfunction and antidepressants by analyzing data from VigiBase™, the World Health Organization's global database of individual case safety reports. In this study, we examined, for the first time, reports related to sexual response-desire, arousal, and orgasm-by grouping appropriate side effect terms and calculated the reporting odds ratios (RORs) for various antidepressants. The findings of this study highlight a high disproportional reporting of sexual dysfunction, particularly with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. In contrast, agents such as agomelatine, bupropion, and mirtazapine showed a lower association. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between reporting odds ratios and the binding affinities of antidepressants to specific neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, unveiling significant relationships that provide insights into the pharmacodynamic pathways underlying these adverse effects. For instance, a positive correlation was observed between the serotonin transporter and side effects in the category desire: r (19) = 0.67, p = 0.001 These insights underscore the necessity for clinicians to consider sexual side effects when prescribing antidepressants and to monitor and address these issues to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Zeiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Malejko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Connemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Durner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Kaiserallee 10, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zhang Y, Tan X, Tang C. Estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation disorders in menopausal depression. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:159. [PMID: 38898454 PMCID: PMC11188190 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant decrease in estrogen levels puts menopausal women at high risk for major depression, which remains difficult to cure despite its relatively clear etiology. With the discovery of abnormally elevated inflammation in menopausal depressed women, immune imbalance has become a novel focus in the study of menopausal depression. In this paper, we examined the characteristics and possible mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by decreased estrogen levels during menopause and found that estrogen deficiency disrupted immune homeostasis, especially the levels of inflammatory cytokines through the ERα/ERβ/GPER-associated NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathways. We also analyzed the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, dysfunction of neurotransmitters, blockade of BDNF synthesis, and attenuation of neuroplasticity caused by inflammatory cytokine activity, and investigated estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation disorders in menopausal depression. Current research suggests that drugs targeting inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3/NF-κB signaling molecules are promising for restoring homeostasis of the estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation system and may play a positive role in the intervention and treatment of menopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xiying Tan
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang City First People's Hospital, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Chaozhi Tang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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Schade RN, Etheridge CB, Kenney LE, Ratajska AM, Rodriguez K, Lopez FV, Gertler J, Ray A, Santos L, Hess C, Bowers D. Greater Apathy Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Parkinson's Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024:8919887241254471. [PMID: 38780969 DOI: 10.1177/08919887241254471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apathy, a motivational disorder, is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often misdiagnosed as depression. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with increased apathy in adolescents and adults with depression. Based on observations that serotonin may downregulate dopaminergic systems, we examined the relationship between apathy and SSRI use in individuals with PD. METHODS Medications, mood/motivation scales, and clinical data were collected from a convenience sample of 400 individuals with PD. Depression and apathy were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-Il) and the Apathy Scale (AS). Antidepressant medications were grouped by mechanism type. RESULTS Of the 400 PD patients, 26% were on SSRIs. On standard mood/motivation scales, 38% of the sample exceeded clinical cut-offs for apathy and 28% for depression. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that SSRIs were the only antidepressant that were significantly associated with higher apathy scores (β = .1, P = .02). Less education (β = -.1, P = .01) worse cognition (β = -.1, P = .01), and greater depressive symptoms (β = .5, P < .001) were also significant predictors of apathy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that use of SSRIs, but not other antidepressants, is associated with greater apathy in PD. Given the interactive relationship between serotonin and dopamine, the current findings highlight the importance of considering apathy when determining which antidepressants to prescribe to individuals with PD. Similarly, switching a SSRI for an alternative antidepressant in individuals with PD who are apathetic may be a potential treatment for apathy that needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Schade
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Connor B Etheridge
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren E Kenney
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adrianna M Ratajska
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katie Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Francesca V Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Gertler
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alyssa Ray
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Santos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Hess
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Díaz-Piña DA, Rivera-Ramírez N, García-López G, Díaz NF, Molina-Hernández A. Calcium and Neural Stem Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4073. [PMID: 38612887 PMCID: PMC11012558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium plays a pivotal role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating various processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and maturation. However, understanding the involvement of calcium (Ca2+) in these processes during CNS development is challenging due to the dynamic nature of this cation and the evolving cell populations during development. While Ca2+ transient patterns have been observed in specific cell processes and molecules responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis have been identified in excitable and non-excitable cells, further research into Ca2+ dynamics and the underlying mechanisms in neural stem cells (NSCs) is required. This review focuses on molecules involved in Ca2+ entrance expressed in NSCs in vivo and in vitro, which are crucial for Ca2+ dynamics and signaling. It also discusses how these molecules might play a key role in balancing cell proliferation for self-renewal or promoting differentiation. These processes are finely regulated in a time-dependent manner throughout brain development, influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors that directly or indirectly modulate Ca2+ dynamics. Furthermore, this review addresses the potential implications of understanding Ca2+ dynamics in NSCs for treating neurological disorders. Despite significant progress in this field, unraveling the elements contributing to Ca2+ intracellular dynamics in cell proliferation remains a challenging puzzle that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Astrid Díaz-Piña
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Exterior Universitario, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Universitario, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Rivera-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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Islam F, Magarbeh L, Elsheikh SSM, Kloiber S, Espinola CW, Bhat V, Frey BN, Milev R, Soares CN, Parikh SV, Placenza F, Hassel S, Taylor VH, Leri F, Blier P, Uher R, Farzan F, Lam RW, Turecki G, Foster JA, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Müller DJ. Influence of CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and ABCB1 Gene Variants and Serum Levels of Escitalopram and Aripiprazole on Treatment-Emergent Sexual Dysfunction: A Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression 1 (CAN-BIND 1) Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 69:183-195. [PMID: 37796764 PMCID: PMC10874600 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231203433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction is frequently reported by individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) on antidepressants, which negatively impacts treatment adherence and efficacy. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in pharmacokinetic genes encoding cytochrome-P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6, and the transmembrane efflux pump, P-glycoprotein (i.e., ABCB1), on treatment-emergent changes in sexual function (SF) and sexual satisfaction (SS) in the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression 1 (CAN-BIND-1) sample. METHODS A total of 178 adults with MDD received treatment with escitalopram (ESC) from weeks 0-8 (Phase I). At week 8, nonresponders were augmented with aripiprazole (ARI) (i.e., ESC + ARI, n = 91), while responders continued ESC (i.e., ESC-Only, n = 80) from weeks 8-16 (Phase II). SF and SS were evaluated using the sex effects (SexFX) scale at weeks 0, 8, and 16. We assessed the primary outcomes, SF and SS change for weeks 0-8 and 8-16, using repeated measures mixed-effects models. RESULTS In ESC-Only, CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer (IM) + poor metabolizers (PMs) showed treatment-related improvements in sexual arousal, a subdomain of SF, from weeks 8-16, relative to CYP2C19 normal metabolizers (NMs) who showed a decline, F(2,54) = 8.00, p < 0.001, q = 0.048. Specifically, CYP2C19 IM + PMs reported less difficulty with having and sustaining vaginal lubrication in females and erection in males, compared to NMs. Furthermore, ESC-Only females with higher concentrations of ESC metabolite, S-desmethylcitalopram (S-DCT), and S-DCT/ESC ratio in serum demonstrated more decline in SF (r = -0.42, p = 0.004, q = 0.034) and SS (r = -0.43, p = 0.003, q = 0.034), respectively, which was not observed in males. ESC-Only females also demonstrated a trend for a correlation between S-DCT and sexual arousal change in the same direction (r = -0.39, p = 0.009, q = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotypes may be influencing changes in sexual arousal related to ESC monotherapy. Thus, preemptive genotyping of CYP2C19 may help to guide selection of treatment that circumvents selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-related sexual dysfunction thereby improving outcomes for patients. Additionally, further research is warranted to clarify the role of S-DCT in the mechanisms underlying ESC-related changes in SF and SS. This CAN-BIND-1 study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01655706) on 27 July 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Islam
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leen Magarbeh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samar S. M. Elsheikh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline W. Espinola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Providence Care, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudio N. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Providence Care, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagar V. Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Franca Placenza
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie H. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Blier
- The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jane A. Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Darbinian N, Merabova N, Tatevosian G, Morrison M, Darbinyan A, Zhao H, Goetzl L, Selzer ME. Biomarkers of Affective Dysregulation Associated with In Utero Exposure to EtOH. Cells 2023; 13:2. [PMID: 38201206 PMCID: PMC10778368 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit behavioral and affective dysregulation, including hyperactivity and depression. The mechanisms are not known, but they could conceivably be due to postnatal social or environmental factors. However, we postulate that, more likely, the affective dysregulation is associated with the effects of EtOH exposure on the development of fetal serotonergic (5-HT) and/or dopaminergic (DA) pathways, i.e., pathways that in postnatal life are believed to regulate mood. Many women who use alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) during pregnancy suffer from depression and take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which might influence these monoaminergic pathways in the fetus. Alternatively, monoaminergic pathway abnormalities might reflect a direct effect of EtOH on the fetal brain. To distinguish between these possibilities, we measured their expressions in fetal brains and in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) isolated from the mothers' blood. We hypothesized that maternal use of EtOH and/or SSRIs during pregnancy would be associated with impaired fetal neural development, detectable as abnormal levels of monoaminergic and apoptotic biomarkers in FB-Es. METHODS Fetal brain tissues and maternal blood were collected at 9-23 weeks of pregnancy. EtOH groups were compared with unexposed controls matched for gestational age (GA). The expression of 84 genes associated with the DA and 5-HT pathways was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on microarrays. FB-Es also were assayed for serotonin transporter protein (SERT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Six EtOH-exposed human fetal brain samples were compared to SSRI- or polydrug-exposed samples and to unexposed controls. EtOH exposure was associated with significant upregulation of DA receptor D3 and 5-HT receptor HTR2C, while HTR3A was downregulated. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), MAOB, the serine/threonine kinase AKT3, and caspase-3 were upregulated, while mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and AKT2 were downregulated. ETOH was associated with significant upregulation of the DA transporter gene, while SERT was downregulated. There were significant correlations between EtOH exposure and (a) caspase-3 activation, (b) reduced SERT protein levels, and (c) reduced BDNF levels. SSRI exposure independently increased caspase-3 activity and downregulated SERT and BDNF. Early exposure to EtOH and SSRI together was associated synergistically with a significant upregulation of caspase-3 and a significant downregulation of SERT and BDNF. Reduced SERT and BDNF levels were strongly correlated with a reduction in eye diameter, a somatic manifestation of FASD. CONCLUSIONS Maternal use of EtOH and SSRI during pregnancy each was associated with changes in fetal brain monoamine pathways, consistent with potential mechanisms for the affective dysregulation associated with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Nana Merabova
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.M.); (G.T.)
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea Health, Green Bay, WI 54304, USA
| | - Gabriel Tatevosian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Mary Morrison
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Michael Edgar Selzer
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.M.); (G.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Sun N, Cui WQ, Min XM, Zhang GM, Liu JZ, Wu HY. A new perspective on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and post-stroke depression. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2961-2984. [PMID: 37518943 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression, a common complication after stroke, severely affects the recovery and quality of life of patients with stroke. Owing to its complex mechanisms, post-stroke depression treatment remains highly challenging. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is one of the key factors leading to post-stroke depression; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Numerous studies have found that neurotrophic factors, protein kinases and neurotransmitters influence depressive behaviour by modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This review further elaborates on the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in post-stroke depression by summarizing recent research and analysing possible molecular mechanisms. Evidence for the correlation between hippocampal mechanisms and post-stroke depression helps to better understand the pathological process of post-stroke depression and improve its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Man Min
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Suri D, Zanni G, Mahadevia D, Chuhma N, Saha R, Spivack S, Pini N, Stevens GS, Ziolkowski-Blake A, Simpson EH, Balsam P, Rayport S, Ansorge MS. Dopamine transporter blockade during adolescence increases adult dopamine function, impulsivity, and aggression. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3512-3523. [PMID: 37532798 PMCID: PMC10618097 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive developmental periods shape neural circuits and enable adaptation. However, they also engender vulnerability to factors that can perturb developmental trajectories. An understanding of sensitive period phenomena and mechanisms separate from sensory system development is still lacking, yet critical to understanding disease etiology and risk. The dopamine system is pivotal in controlling and shaping adolescent behaviors, and it undergoes heightened plasticity during that time, such that interference with dopamine signaling can have long-lasting behavioral consequences. Here we sought to gain mechanistic insight into this dopamine-sensitive period and its impact on behavior. In mice, dopamine transporter (DAT) blockade from postnatal (P) day 22 to 41 increases aggression and sensitivity to amphetamine (AMPH) behavioral stimulation in adulthood. Here, we refined this sensitive window to P32-41 and identified increased firing of dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo as a neural correlate to altered adult behavior. Aggression can result from enhanced impulsivity and cognitive dysfunction, and dopamine regulates working memory and motivated behavior. Hence, we assessed these behavioral domains and found that P32-41 DAT blockade increases impulsivity but has no effect on cognition, working memory, or motivation in adulthood. Lastly, using optogenetics to drive dopamine neurons, we find that increased VTA but not SNc dopaminergic activity mimics the increase in impulsive behavior in the Go/NoGo task observed after adolescent DAT blockade. Together our data provide insight into the developmental origins of aggression and impulsivity that may ultimately improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies for related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Giulia Zanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Darshini Mahadevia
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rinki Saha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephen Spivack
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nicolò Pini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gregory S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Annette Ziolkowski-Blake
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eleanor H Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter Balsam
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark S Ansorge
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Kim C, Lee DY, Park J, Yang SJ, Tan EH, Alhambra DP, Lee YH, Lee S, Kim SJ, Lee J, Park RW, Shin Y. Safety outcomes of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid depression: the ASSURE study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4811-4819. [PMID: 36803587 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to depressive disorder, and adolescents with both present poor outcomes. However, evidence for the safety of concomitantly using a methylphenidate (MPH) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) among adolescent ADHD patients is limited, a literature gap aimed to address through this investigation. METHODS We conducted a new-user cohort study using a nationwide claims database in South Korea. We identified a study population as adolescents who were diagnosed both ADHD and depressive disorder. MPH-only users were compared with patients who prescribed both a SSRI and a MPH. Fluoxetine and escitalopram users were also compared to find a preferable treatment option. Thirteen outcomes including neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, and other events were assessed, taking respiratory tract infection as a negative control outcome. We matched the study groups using a propensity score and used the Cox proportional hazard model to calculate the hazard ratio. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted in various epidemiologic settings. RESULTS The risks of all the outcomes between the MPH-only and SSRI groups were not significantly different. Regarding SSRI ingredients, the risk of tic disorder was significantly lower in the fluoxetine group than the escitalopram group [HR 0.43 (0.25-0.71)]. However, there was no significant difference in other outcomes between the fluoxetine and escitalopram groups. CONCLUSION The concomitant use of MPHs and SSRIs showed generally safe profiles in adolescent ADHD patients with depression. Most of the differences between fluoxetine and escitalopram, except those concerning tic disorder, were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jimyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Gwangju Smile Center for Crime victim support, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eng Hooi Tan
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre of Statistics in Medicines, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel-Prieto Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre of Statistics in Medicines, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunmi Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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11
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Qi JS, Su Q, Li T, Liu GW, Zhang YL, Guo JH, Wang ZJ, Wu MN. Agomelatine: a potential novel approach for the treatment of memory disorder in neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:727-733. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Wang L, Yang P, Yang C, Yang D, Wu X, Cao T, Zeng C, Chen Q, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Jiao S, Cai H. Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1283-1296. [PMID: 35410391 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter metabolism plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the neurotransmitter metabolism in adolescent MDD is differentiated from adult MDD is still elusive. In the current study, plasma concentrations of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters as well as their metabolites, including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), glutamine (GLN), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were measured and compared in two cohorts of subjects (adult cohort: 31 first-episode MDD vs. 35 healthy controls; adolescent cohort: 33 first-episode MDD vs. 30 healthy controls). To assess the effects of antidepressant treatment, we also analyzed the concentrations of these indexes pre- and post-treatment in adult and adolescent cohorts. At baseline, the deficits of neurotransmitter metabolism in adult MDD were manifested in all the neurotransmitter systems. In contrast, for adolescent MDD, the dysregulation of neurotransmission was mainly indicated in the catecholaminergic systems. After antidepressant treatment, adult MDD showed increased TRP, KYN, KYNA and GLU levels, together with decreased levels of 5-HIAA and DOPAC. Adolescent MDD illustrated an increased level of 5-HT and decreased levels of TRP and GABA. The improvements of Hamilton total scores correlated with the changes in plasma TRP and the turnover of KYN/TRP after treatment in all MDD patients. However, these correlations were only manifested in the adult MDD rather than in adolescent MDD patients. The findings highlight the shared and distinguished neurotransmitter pathways in MDD and emphasize the different antidepressant responses between adults and adolescents. Potentially, the neurotransmitters above could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and provide a novel pharmacological treatment strategy for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Child Psychology, Xinjiang Mental Health Center and Urumqi Fourth People's Hospital, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangxin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cuirong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shimeng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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13
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Popova NK, Tsybko AS, Naumenko VS. The Implication of 5-HT Receptor Family Members in Aggression, Depression and Suicide: Similarity and Difference. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158814. [PMID: 35955946 PMCID: PMC9369404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being different multifactorial forms of psychopathology, aggression, depression and suicidal behavior, which is considered to be violent aggression directed against the self, have principal neurobiological links: preclinical and clinical evidence associates depression, aggression and suicidal behavior with dysregulation in central serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. The implication of different types of 5-HT receptors in the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of aggression, depression and suicidality has been well recognized. In this review, we consider and compare the orchestra of 5-HT receptors involved in these severe psychopathologies. Specifically, it concentrates on the role of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptors in the mechanisms underlying the predisposition to aggression, depression and suicidal behavior. The review provides converging lines of evidence that: (1) depression-related 5-HT receptors include those receptors with pro-depressive properties (5-HT2A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7) as well as those providing an antidepressant effect (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C subtypes). (2) Aggression-related 5-HT receptors are identical to depression-related 5-HT receptors with the exception of 5-HT7 receptors. Activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors attenuate aggressiveness, whereas agonists of 5-HT3 intensify aggressive behavior.
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14
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Effect of Modified Yukmijihwang-Tang on Sleep Quality in the Rat. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:277-286. [PMID: 35735604 PMCID: PMC9221690 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plants have been used in Korean medicine for treating insomnia. However, scientific evidence for their sedative activity has not been fully investigated. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the sedative effects of the extracts of medicinal plants, including Yukmijihwang-tang and its various modified forms through the 5-HT2c receptor binding assay, and to further confirm its sleep-promoting effects and the underlying neural mechanism in rats utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. The water extracts of modified Yukmijihwang-tang (YmP) displayed binding affinity to the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 value of 199.9 µg/mL). YmP (50 mg/kg) administration decreased wake time and increased REM and NREM sleep based on EEG data in rats. Additionally, treatment with YmP significantly increased the 5-HT level in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the sedative effect of YmP can be attributed to the activation of the central serotonergic systems, as evidenced by the high affinity of binding of the 5-HT2C receptor and increased 5-HT levels in the brain of the rat. This study suggests that YmP can be a new material as a sleep inducer in natural products.
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15
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Radulovic J, Ivkovic S, Adzic M. From chronic stress and anxiety to neurodegeneration: Focus on neuromodulation of the axon initial segment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:481-495. [PMID: 35034756 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To adapt to the sustained demands of chronic stress, discrete brain circuits undergo structural and functional changes often resulting in anxiety disorders. In some individuals, anxiety disorders precede the development of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) caused by degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Here, we present a circuit framework for probing a causal link between chronic stress, anxiety, and PD, which postulates a central role of abnormal neuromodulation of the SN's axon initial segment by brainstem inputs. It is grounded in findings demonstrating that the earliest PD pathologies occur in the stress-responsive, emotion regulation network of the brainstem, which provides the SN with dense aminergic and cholinergic innervation. SN's axon initial segment (AIS) has unique features that support the sustained and bidirectional propagation of activity in response to synaptic inputs. It is therefore, especially sensitive to circuit-mediated stress-induced imbalance of neuromodulation, and thus a plausible initiating site of neurodegeneration. This could explain why, although secondary to pathophysiologies in other brainstem nuclei, SN degeneration is the most extensive. Consequently, the cardinal symptom of PD, severe motor deficits, arise from degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway rather than other brainstem nuclei. Understanding when and how circuit dysfunctions underlying anxiety can progress to neurodegeneration, raises the prospect of timed interventions for reversing, or at least impeding, the early pathophysiologies that lead to PD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein Medical College, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein Medical College, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Integrative multi-omics landscape of fluoxetine action across 27 brain regions reveals global increase in energy metabolism and region-specific chromatin remodelling. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4510-4525. [PMID: 36056172 PMCID: PMC9734063 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are major global health burdens. Although SSRIs targeting the serotonergic system are prescribed over 200 million times annually, they have variable therapeutic efficacy and side effects, and mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Here, we comprehensively characterise the molecular landscape of gene regulatory changes associated with fluoxetine, a widely-used SSRI. We performed multimodal analysis of SSRI response in 27 mammalian brain regions using 310 bulk RNA-seq and H3K27ac ChIP-seq datasets, followed by in-depth characterisation of two hippocampal regions using single-cell RNA-seq (20 datasets). Remarkably, fluoxetine induced profound region-specific shifts in gene expression and chromatin state, including in the nucleus accumbens shell, locus coeruleus and septal areas, as well as in more well-studied regions such as the raphe and hippocampal dentate gyrus. Expression changes were strongly enriched at GWAS loci for depression and antidepressant drug response, stressing the relevance to human phenotypes. We observed differential expression at dozens of signalling receptors and pathways, many of which are previously unknown. Single-cell analysis revealed stark differences in fluoxetine response between the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyri, particularly in oligodendrocytes, mossy cells and inhibitory neurons. Across diverse brain regions, integrative omics analysis consistently suggested increased energy metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial changes, which we corroborated in vitro; this may thus constitute a shared mechanism of action of fluoxetine. Similarly, we observed pervasive chromatin remodelling signatures across the brain. Our study reveals unexpected regional and cell type-specific heterogeneity in SSRI action, highlights under-studied brain regions that may play a major role in antidepressant response, and provides a rich resource of candidate cell types, genes, gene regulatory elements and pathways for mechanistic analysis and identifying new therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety.
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17
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Millan MJ. Agomelatine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: focus on its distinctive mechanism of action. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2022; 12:20451253221105128. [PMID: 35795687 PMCID: PMC9251978 DOI: 10.1177/20451253221105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the most frequently diagnosed form of anxiety, is usually treated by cognitive-behavioural approaches or medication; in particular, benzodiazepines (acutely) and serotonin or serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (long term). Efficacy, compliance, and acceptability are, however, far from ideal, reinforcing interest in alternative options. Agomelatine, clinically employed in the treatment of major depression, expresses anxiolytic properties in rodents and was effective in the treatment of GAD (including severely ill patients) in several double-blind, short-term (12 weeks) and relapse-prevention (6 months) studies. At active doses, the incidence of adverse effects was no higher than for placebo. Agomelatine possesses a unique binding profile, behaving as a melatonin (MT1/MT2) receptor agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, yet recognizing neither monoamine transporters nor GABAA receptors. Extensive evidence supports a role for 5-HT2C receptors in the induction of anxious states, and their blockade likely plays a primary role in mediating the anxiolytic actions of agomelatine, including populations in the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis, as well as the hippocampus. Recruitment of MT receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and hippocampus appears to fulfil a complimentary role. Downstream of 5-HT2C and MT receptors, modulation of stress-sensitive glutamatergic circuits and altered release of the anxiogenic neuropeptides, corticotrophin-releasing factor, and vasopressin, may be implicated in the actions of agomelatine. To summarize, agomelatine exerts its anxiolytic actions by mechanisms clearly distinct from those of other agents currently employed for the management of GAD. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY How agomelatine helps in the treatment of anxiety disorders. INTRODUCTION • Anxiety disorders have a significant negative impact on quality of life.• The most common type of anxiety disorder, called generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), is associated with nervousness and excessive worry.• These symptoms can lead to additional symptoms like tiredness, sleeplessness, irritability, and poor attention.• GAD is generally treated through either cognitive-behavioural therapy or medication. However, widely used drugs like benzodiazepines and serotonin reuptake inhibitors have adverse effects.• Agomelatine, a well-established antidepressant drug, has shown anxiety-lowering ('anxiolytic') properties in rats and has been shown to effectively treat GAD with minimal side effects.• However, exactly how it acts on the brain to manage GAD is not yet clear.• Thus, this review aims to shed light on agomelatine's mechanism of action in treating GAD. METHODS • The authors reviewed studies on how agomelatine treats anxiety in animals.• They also looked at clinical studies on the effects of agomelatine in people with GAD. RESULTS • The study showed that agomelatine 'blocks' a receptor in nerve cells, which plays a role in causing anxiety, called the 5-HT2C receptor.• Blocking this receptor, especially in specific brain regions such as nerve cells of the amygdala, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and hippocampus, produced the anxiety reduction seen during agomelatine treatment.• Agomelatine also activates the melatonin (MT) receptor, which is known to keep anxiety in check, promote sleep, and maintain the sleep cycle.• Agomelatine should thus tackle sleep disturbances commonly seen in patients with GAD.• Beyond 5-HT2C and MT receptors, signalling molecules in nerve cells that are known to be involved in anxiety disorders (called 'neurotransmitters' and 'neuropeptides') are also affected by agomelatine. CONCLUSION • Agomelatine's anxiolytic effects are caused by mechanisms that are distinct from those of other medications currently used to treat GAD.• This explains its therapeutic success and minimal adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, 28 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
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18
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Casey AB, Mukherjee M, McGlynn RP, Cui M, Kohut SJ, Booth RG. A new class of serotonin 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C receptor inverse agonists: Synthesis, molecular modeling, in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of novel 2-aminotetralins. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2610-2630. [PMID: 34837227 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) subtypes 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C are important neurotherapeutic targets, though, obtaining selectivity over 5-HT2B and closely related histamine H1 Rs is challenging. Here, we delineated molecular determinants of selective binding to 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Rs for novel 4-phenyl-2-dimethylaminotetralins (4-PATs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We synthesized 42 novel 4-PATs with halogen or aryl moieties at the C(4)-phenyl meta position. Affinity, function, molecular modeling, and 5-HT2A R mutagenesis studies were undertaken to understand structure-activity relationships at 5-HT2 -type and H1 Rs. Lead 4-PAT-type selective 5-HT2A /5-HT2C R inverse agonists were compared to pimavanserin, a selective 5-HT2A /5-HT2C R inverse agonist approved to treat psychoses, in the mouse head twitch response, and locomotor activity assays, as models relevant to antipsychotic drug development. KEY RESULTS Most 4-PAT diastereomers in the (2S,4R)-configuration bound non-selectively to 5-HT2A , 5-HT2C, and H1 Rs, with >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT2B Rs, whereas, diastereomers in the (2R,4R)-configuration bound preferentially to 5-HT2A over 5-HT2C Rs and had >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT2B and H1 Rs. Results suggest that G2385.42 and V2355.39 in 5-HT2A Rs (conserved in 5-HT2C Rs) are important for high affinity binding, whereas, interactions with T1945.42 and W1584.56 determine H1 R affinity. The 4-PAT (2S,4R)-2k, a potent and selective 5-HT2A /5-HT2C R inverse agonist, had activity like pimavanserin in the mouse head-twitch response assay, but was distinct in not suppressing locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We provide evidence that the novel 4-PAT chemotype can yield selective 5-HT2A /5-HT2C R inverse agonists for antipsychotic drug development by optimizing ligand-receptor interactions in transmembrane domain 5. We also show that chirality can be exploited to attain selectivity over H1 Rs which may circumvent sedative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen B Casey
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Munmun Mukherjee
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ryan P McGlynn
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Meng Cui
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stephen J Kohut
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Behavioral Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Raymond G Booth
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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19
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Courtiol E, Menezes EC, Teixeira CM. Serotonergic regulation of the dopaminergic system: Implications for reward-related functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:282-293. [PMID: 34139249 PMCID: PMC8335358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a critical neuromodulator involved in development and behavior. Its role in reward is however still debated. Here, we first review classical studies involving electrical stimulation protocols and pharmacological approaches. Contradictory results on the serotonergic' involvement in reward emerge from these studies. These differences might be ascribable to either the diversity of cellular types within the raphe nuclei or/and the specific projection pathways of serotonergic neurons. We continue to review more recent work, using optogenetic approaches to activate serotonergic cells in the Raphe to VTA pathway. From these studies, it appears that activation of this pathway can lead to reinforcement learning mediated through the excitation of dopaminergic neurons by serotonergic neurons co-transmitting glutamate. Finally, given the importance of serotonin during development on adult emotion, the effect of abnormal early-life levels of serotonin on the dopaminergic system will also be discussed. Understanding the interaction between the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems during development and adulthood is critical to gain insight into the specific facets of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Courtiol
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, UMR 5292- INSERM U1028- Université Lyon 1, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
| | - Catia M Teixeira
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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20
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Cunha C, Smiley JF, Chuhma N, Shah R, Bleiwas C, Menezes EC, Seal RP, Edwards RH, Rayport S, Ansorge MS, Castellanos FX, Teixeira CM. Perinatal interference with the serotonergic system affects VTA function in the adult via glutamate co-transmission. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4795-4812. [PMID: 32398719 PMCID: PMC7657958 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin and dopamine are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. How they interact during development to affect subsequent behavior remains unknown. Knockout of the serotonin transporter or postnatal blockade with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) leads to novelty-induced exploration deficits in adulthood, potentially involving the dopamine system. Here, we show in the mouse that raphe nucleus serotonin neurons activate ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons via glutamate co-transmission and that this co-transmission is reduced in animals exposed postnatally to SSRIs. Blocking serotonin neuron glutamate co-transmission mimics this SSRI-induced hypolocomotion, while optogenetic activation of dopamine neurons reverses this hypolocomotor phenotype. Our data demonstrate that serotonin neurons modulate dopamine neuron activity via glutamate co-transmission and that this pathway is developmentally malleable, with high serotonin levels during early life reducing co-transmission, revealing the basis for the reduced novelty-induced exploration in adulthood due to postnatal SSRI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Relish Shah
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Cynthia Bleiwas
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Rebecca P Seal
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark S Ansorge
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Catia M Teixeira
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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21
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5-HT Receptors and the Development of New Antidepressants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169015. [PMID: 34445721 PMCID: PMC8396477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin modulates several physiological and cognitive pathways throughout the human body that affect emotions, memory, sleep, and thermal regulation. The complex nature of the serotonergic system and interactions with other neurochemical systems indicate that the development of depression may be mediated by various pathomechanisms, the common denominator of which is undoubtedly the disturbed transmission in central 5-HT synapses. Therefore, the deliberate pharmacological modulation of serotonergic transmission in the brain seems to be one of the most appropriate strategies for the search for new antidepressants. As discussed in this review, the serotonergic system offers great potential for the development of new antidepressant therapies based on the combination of SERT inhibition with different pharmacological activity towards the 5-HT system. The aim of this article is to summarize the search for new antidepressants in recent years, focusing primarily on the possibility of benefiting from interactions with various 5-HT receptors in the pharmacotherapy of depression.
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22
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Gao N, Zheng W, Murezati T, Gu W, Li X, Jin Z. GW117: A novel serotonin (5-HT 2C ) receptor antagonist and melatonin (MT 1 /MT 2 ) receptor agonist with potential antidepressant-like activity in rodents. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:702-713. [PMID: 33650297 PMCID: PMC8111499 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the antidepressant‐like effect of compound GW117 in rodents using in vitro binding and uptake assays as well in vivo behavioral tests. Methods We investigated the target profile of GW117 using [35S]‐GTPγS and [3H]PIP binding. Using the forced swimming test and chronic unpredictable stress in rats, tail suspension test in mice and rats, and learned helplessness model in mice, we further revealed the antidepressant‐like and anxiolytic‐like effects of GW117. Results The current study suggests that GW117 displays serotonin 2C (5‐HT2C) receptor antagonist and melatonin type 1 and 2 (MT1/MT2) receptor agonist properties, as well as evident antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Conclusion These data suggest that GW117 is probably a potent antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Captial Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiliwaerde Murezati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Beijing Guangwei Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengliang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Bidirectional Regulation of Cognitive and Anxiety-like Behaviors by Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Male and Female Mice. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2475-2495. [PMID: 33472828 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1724-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is important for cognition and behavior. However, the circuits underlying these functions are unclear. DG mossy cells (MCs) are potentially important because of their excitatory synapses on the primary cell type, granule cells (GCs). However, MCs also activate GABAergic neurons, which inhibit GCs. We used viral delivery of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in mice to implement a gain- and loss-of-function study of MCs in diverse behaviors. Using this approach, manipulations of MCs could bidirectionally regulate behavior. The results suggest that inhibiting MCs can reduce anxiety-like behavior and improve cognitive performance. However, not all cognitive or anxiety-related behaviors were influenced, suggesting specific roles of MCs in some, but not all, types of cognition and anxiety. Notably, several behaviors showed sex-specific effects, with females often showing more pronounced effects than the males. We also used the immediate early gene c-Fos to address whether DREADDs bidirectionally regulated MC or GC activity. We confirmed excitatory DREADDs increased MC c-Fos. However, there was no change in GC c-Fos, consistent with MC activation leading to GABAergic inhibition of GCs. In contrast, inhibitory DREADDs led to a large increase in GC c-Fos, consistent with a reduction in MC excitation of GABAergic neurons, and reduced inhibition of GCs. Together, these results suggest that MCs regulate anxiety and cognition in specific ways. We also raise the possibility that cognitive performance may be improved by reducing anxiety.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dentate gyrus (DG) has many important cognitive roles as well as being associated with affective behavior. This study addressed how a glutamatergic DG cell type called mossy cells (MCs) contributes to diverse behaviors, which is timely because it is known that MCs regulate the activity of the primary DG cell type, granule cells (GCs), but how MC activity influences behavior is unclear. We show, surprisingly, that activating MCs can lead to adverse behavioral outcomes, and inhibiting MCs have an opposite effect. Importantly, the results appeared to be task-dependent and showed that testing both sexes was important. Additional experiments indicated what MC and GC circuitry was involved. Together, the results suggest how MCs influence behaviors that involve the DG.
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24
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Liu M, Zhang L. Unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats. HEART AND MIND 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_49_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Bègue I, Kaiser S, Kirschner M. Pathophysiology of negative symptom dimensions of schizophrenia – Current developments and implications for treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:74-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Wang D, Tian HL, Cui X, Wang Q, Guo F, Zhang W, Tang QS. Effects of Jian-Pi-Zhi-Dong Decoction on the Expression of 5-HT and Its Receptor in a Rat Model of Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Anxiety. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924658. [PMID: 32738135 PMCID: PMC7416613 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is one of the common comorbidities of Tourette syndrome (TS). The serotonin (5-HT) system is involved in both TS and anxiety. Jian-pi-zhi-dong decoction (JPZDD) is widely used. However, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, a rat model of TS and comorbid anxiety was used to evaluate the effect of JPZDD on 5-HT and its receptor. MATERIAL AND METHODS 48 rats were divided into 4 groups randomly (n=12). The model was established by empty water bottle stimulation plus iminodipropionitrile injection for 3 weeks. Then the control and model groups were gavaged with saline, while the treatment groups were gavaged with fluoxetine hydrochloride (Flx) or JPZDD. Body weights were measured, and behavioral tests were evaluated with stereotypy and elevated plus maze. The morphologic characters were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The content of 5-HT was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of 5-HT2C receptor was detected by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The stereotypy score was lower and the time spent in the open arm was longer in the JPZDD group compared with the model group. After the treatment of Flx or JPZDD, the structure of neurons became gradually normal and the cells were arranged neatly. The contents of 5-HT in the treatment groups were higher compared with the model group in the striatum. The expression of 5-HT2C mRNA in the striatum of JPZDD and Flx groups decreased compared with the model group, and the JPZDD group was lower than the Flx group. CONCLUSIONS JPZDD alleviated both tic and anxiety symptoms and the mechanism may be via reducing the expression of 5-HT2C mRNA in the striatum, increasing the concentration of 5-HT, and enhancing the activity of the 5-HT system, which in turn exerts neuro-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-ling Tian
- Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qi-sheng Tang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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27
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Papp N, Koncz S, Kostyalik D, Kitka T, Petschner P, Vas S, Bagdy G. Acute 5-HT 2C Receptor Antagonist SB-242084 Treatment Affects EEG Gamma Band Activity Similarly to Chronic Escitalopram. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1636. [PMID: 32063851 PMCID: PMC7000428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) are implicated in the pathomechanism and treatment of anxiety and depression. Recently, as a new biomarker of depression, alterations in the gamma power of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been suggested. Chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant escitalopram has been shown to cause sleep-wake stage-dependent alterations in gamma power. However, despite the antidepressant potency of 5-HT2CR-antagonists, there is no data available regarding the effects of selective 5-HT2CR-antagonists on gamma activity. Therefore, we investigate the acute effect of the 5-HT2CR-antagonist SB-242084 on gamma power in different vigilance stages when given in monotherapy, or in combination with chronic escitalopram treatment. We administered SB-242084 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle to EEG-equipped rats after a 21-day-long pretreatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day, via osmotic minipumps) or vehicle. Frontoparietal EEG, electromyogram, and motor activity were recorded during the first 3 h of passive phase, after the administration of SB-242084. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed that acute SB-242084 increased gamma power (30-60 Hz) in light and deep slow-wave sleep, and passive wakefulness. However, in active wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and intermediate stage, no change was observed in gamma power. The profile of the effect of SB-242084 on gamma power was similar to that produced by chronic escitalopram. Moreover, SB-242084 did not alter chronic escitalopram-induced effects on gamma. In conclusion, the similarity in the effect of the 5-HT2CR-antagonist and chronic SSRI on gamma power provides further evidence for the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2CR-antagonists in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Papp
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Koncz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Kostyalik
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kitka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Vas
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - György Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Sargin D, Chottekalapanda RU, Perit KE, Yao V, Chu D, Sparks DW, Kalik S, Power SK, Troyanskaya OG, Schmidt EF, Greengard P, Lambe EK. Mapping the physiological and molecular markers of stress and SSRI antidepressant treatment in S100a10 corticostriatal neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1112-1129. [PMID: 31431686 PMCID: PMC7031043 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In mood disorders, psychomotor and sensory abnormalities are prevalent, disabling, and intertwined with emotional and cognitive symptoms. Corticostriatal neurons in motor and somatosensory cortex are implicated in these symptoms, yet mechanisms of their vulnerability are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that S100a10 corticostriatal neurons exhibit distinct serotonin responses and have increased excitability, compared with S100a10-negative neurons. We reveal that prolonged social isolation disrupts the specific serotonin response which gets restored by chronic antidepressant treatment. We identify cell-type-specific transcriptional signatures in S100a10 neurons that contribute to serotonin responses and strongly associate with psychomotor and somatosensory function. Our studies provide a strong framework to understand the pathogenesis and create new avenues for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Sargin
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Revathy U. Chottekalapanda
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Kristina E. Perit
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Victoria Yao
- 0000 0001 2097 5006grid.16750.35Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA ,0000 0001 2097 5006grid.16750.35Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Duong Chu
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Daniel W. Sparks
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Salina Kalik
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Saige K. Power
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Olga G. Troyanskaya
- 0000 0001 2097 5006grid.16750.35Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA ,0000 0001 2097 5006grid.16750.35Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA ,grid.430264.7Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Eric F. Schmidt
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Evelyn K. Lambe
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of OBGYN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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29
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Sugiyama E, Guerrini MM, Honda K, Hattori Y, Abe M, Källback P, Andrén PE, Tanaka KF, Setou M, Fagarasan S, Suematsu M, Sugiura Y. Detection of a High-Turnover Serotonin Circuit in the Mouse Brain Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. iScience 2019; 20:359-372. [PMID: 31614319 PMCID: PMC6818351 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters are released by specialized neurons regulating behavioral, motor, and cognitive functions. Although the localization of monoaminergic neurons in the brain is well known, the distribution and kinetics of monoamines remain unclear. Here, we generated a murine brain atlas of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) levels using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). We found several nuclei rich in both 5-HT and a catecholamine (DA or NE) and identified the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), where 5-HT and NE are co-localized. The analysis of 5-HT fluctuations in response to acute tryptophan depletion and infusion of isotope-labeled tryptophan in vivo revealed a close kinetic association between the raphe nuclei, PVT, and amygdala but not the other nuclei. Our findings imply the existence of a highly dynamic 5-HT-mediated raphe to PVT pathway that likely plays a role in the brain monoamine system. A murine brain atlas of monoamine (5-HT, DA, NE) levels was generated via MS imaging We identified several nuclei rich in both 5-HT and a catecholamine (DA or NE) The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) had high levels of 5-HT and NE The level of 5-HT in raphe to PVT pathway changed dynamically in response to blood Trp level
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Matteo M Guerrini
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kurara Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Patrik Källback
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Box 591 BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy and International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 230-0045, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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30
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Santana Y, Montejo AL, Martín J, LLorca G, Bueno G, Blázquez JL. Understanding the Mechanism of Antidepressant-Related Sexual Dysfunction: Inhibition of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Dopaminergic Neurons after Treatment with Paroxetine but Not with Agomelatine in Male Rats. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020133. [PMID: 30678046 PMCID: PMC6406445 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction is a frequent adverse event caused by serotonergic activation that intensely affects quality of life and adherence in depressed patients. The dopamine system has multiple effects promoting sexual behavior, but no studies have been carried out to confirm dopaminergic changes involved in animal models after antidepressant use. Methods: The sexual behavior-related dopaminergic system in the rat was studied by comparing two different antidepressants and placebo for 28 days. The antidepressants used were paroxetine (a serotonergic antidepressant that causes highly frequent sexual dysfunction in humans) and agomelatine (a non-serotonergic antidepressant without associated sexual dysfunction). The tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (THI) in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the ventral tegmental area, the zona incerta, and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, as well as the dopaminergic projections to the striatum, hippocampus, cortex, and median eminence were analyzed. Results: The THI decreased significantly in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area after treatment with paroxetine, and the labeling was reduced drastically in the zona incerta and mediobasal hypothalamus. The immunoreactive axons in the target regions (striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and median eminence) almost disappeared only in the paroxetine-treated rats. Conversely, after treatment with agomelatine, a moderate reduction in immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra was found without appreciable modifications in the ventral tegmental area, zona incerta, and mediobasal hypothalamus. Nevertheless, no sexual or copulatory behavior was observed in any of the experimental or control groups. Conclusion: Paroxetine but not agomelatine was associated with important decreased activity in dopaminergic areas such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental areas that could be associated with sexual performance impairment in humans after antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira Santana
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Angel L Montejo
- University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Nursing School E.U.E.F., 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier Martín
- Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ginés LLorca
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Juan Luis Blázquez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, IBSAL NEUR-2, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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