1
|
Choe MS, Yeo HC, Kim JS, Lee J, Lee HJ, Kim HR, Baek KM, Jung NY, Choi M, Lee MY. Simple modeling of familial Alzheimer's disease using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoid technology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38659053 PMCID: PMC11040922 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral organoids (COs) are the most advanced in vitro models that resemble the human brain. The use of COs as a model for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as other brain diseases, has recently gained attention. This study aimed to develop a human AD CO model using normal human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that recapitulates the pathological phenotypes of AD and to determine the usefulness of this model for drug screening. METHODS We established AD hPSC lines from normal hPSCs by introducing genes that harbor familial AD mutations, and the COs were generated using these hPSC lines. The pathological features of AD, including extensive amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Amylo-Glo staining, thioflavin-S staining, immunohistochemistry, Bielschowsky's staining, and western blot analysis. RESULTS The AD COs exhibited extensive Aβ accumulation. The levels of paired helical filament tau and neurofibrillary tangle-like silver deposits were highly increased in the AD COs. The number of cells immunoreactive for cleaved caspase-3 was significantly increased in the AD COs. In addition, treatment of AD COs with BACE1 inhibitor IV, a β-secretase inhibitor, and compound E, a γ-secretase inhibitor, significantly attenuated the AD pathological features. CONCLUSION Our model effectively recapitulates AD pathology. Hence, it is a valuable platform for understanding the mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and can be used to test the efficacy of anti-AD drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Seog Choe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Cheol Yeo
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jun Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 01812, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, 54896, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Baek
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 42158, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hossain MK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Aging phenotype in AD brain organoids: Track to success and challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102256. [PMID: 38460555 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a complex challenge, with abnormal protein accumulation in the brain causing memory loss and cognitive decline. Traditional models fall short in AD research, prompting interest in 3D brain organoids (BOs) from human stem cells. These findings hold promise for unveiling the mechanisms of AD, especially in relation to aging. However, an understanding of the aging impact of AD remains elusive. BOs offer insight but face challenges. This review delves into the role of BOs in deciphering aging-related AD and acknowledges limitations. Strategies to enhance BOs for accurate aging modeling in AD brains are suggested. Strengthened by molecular advancements, BOs have the potential to uncover the aging phenotype, advancing AD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Jung Chae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Almeida V, Mendes ND, Zuccoli GS, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Almeida GM, Podolsky-Gondim GG, Neder L, Martins-de-Souza D, Sebollela A. NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 induces proteome changes in adult human brain slices which are partially counteracted by haloperidol and clozapine. J Neurochem 2024; 168:238-250. [PMID: 38332572 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular pathways associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction and its interaction with antipsychotics is necessary to advance our understanding of the basis of schizophrenia, as well as our capacity to treat this disease. In this regard, the development of human brain-derived models that are amenable to studying the neurobiology of schizophrenia may contribute to filling the gaps left by the widely employed animal models. Here, we assessed the proteomic changes induced by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 on human brain slice cultures obtained from adult donors submitted to respective neurosurgery. Initially, we demonstrated that MK-801 diminishes NMDA glutamate receptor signaling in human brain slices in culture. Next, using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and systems biology in silico analyses, we found that MK-801 led to alterations in proteins related to several pathways previously associated with schizophrenia pathophysiology, including ephrin, opioid, melatonin, sirtuin signaling, interleukin 8, endocannabinoid, and synaptic vesicle cycle. We also evaluated the impact of both typical and atypical antipsychotics on MK-801-induced proteome changes. Interestingly, the atypical antipsychotic clozapine showed a more significant capacity to counteract the protein alterations induced by NMDAr hypofunction than haloperidol. Finally, using our dataset, we identified potential modulators of the MK-801-induced proteome changes, which may be considered promising targets to treat NMDAr hypofunction in schizophrenia. This dataset is publicly available and may be helpful in further studies aimed at evaluating the effects of MK-801 and antipsychotics in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Niele Dias Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gozzoli Podolsky-Gondim
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Greeny A, Nair A, Sadanandan P, Satarker S, Famurewa AC, Nampoothiri M. Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: Impact on Insulin Signaling and Advanced Drug Delivery Systems. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38534427 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that predominantly affects the hippocampus and the entorhinal complex, leading to memory lapse and cognitive impairment. This can have a negative impact on an individual's behavior, speech, and ability to navigate their surroundings. AD is one of the principal causes of dementia. One of the most accepted theories in AD, the amyloid β (Aβ) hypothesis, assumes that the buildup of the peptide Aβ is the root cause of AD. Impaired insulin signaling in the periphery and central nervous system has been considered to have an effect on the pathophysiology of AD. Further, researchers have shifted their focus to epigenetic mechanisms that are responsible for dysregulating major biochemical pathways and intracellular signaling processes responsible for directly or indirectly causing AD. The prime epigenetic mechanisms encompass DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, and are majorly responsible for impairing insulin signaling both centrally and peripherally, thus leading to AD. In this review, we provide insights into the major epigenetic mechanisms involved in causing AD, such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. We decipher how the mechanisms alter peripheral insulin signaling and brain insulin signaling, leading to AD pathophysiology. In addition, this review also discusses the need for newer drug delivery systems for the targeted delivery of epigenetic drugs and explores targeted drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, vesicular systems, networks, and other nano formulations in AD. Further, this review also sheds light on the future approaches used for epigenetic drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alosh Greeny
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Ayushi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Prashant Sadanandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo 482123, Nigeria
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo B, Liu K, Fan J. Bibliometric analysis of cerebral organoids and diseases in the last 10 years. IBRAIN 2023; 9:431-445. [PMID: 38680505 PMCID: PMC11045186 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral organoids have emerged as a powerful tool for mirroring the brain developmental processes and replicating its unique physiology. This bibliometric analysis aims to delineate the burgeoning trends in the application of cerebral organoids in disease research and offer insights for future investigations. We screened all relevant literature from the Web of Science on cerebral organoids in disease research during the period 2013-2022 and analyzed the research trends in the field using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software. According to the search strategy, 592 articles were screened out. The United States of America (USA) was the most productive, followed by China and Germany. The top nine institutions in terms of the number of publications include Canada and the United States, with the University of California, San Diego (USA), having the highest number of publications. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most productive journal. Knoblich, Juergen A., and Lancaster, Madeline A. published the highest number of articles. Keyword cluster analysis showed that current research trends focused more on induced pluripotent stem cells to construct organoid models of cerebral diseases and the exploration of their mechanisms and therapeutic modalities. This study provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of global research trends in the field of cerebral organoids in diseases. In the past decade, the number of high-quality papers in this field has increased significantly, and cerebral organoids provide hope for simulating nervous system diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Yan Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina
| | - Ke‐Qian Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina
| | - Ji‐Sheng Fan
- ScienceComputer and Engineering of University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan YW, Qian ES, Woodard LE, Bejoy J. Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells: Advances in disease modeling. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:530-547. [PMID: 37424945 PMCID: PMC10324500 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases affect 1 in 6 people worldwide. These diseases range from acute neurological conditions such as stroke to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent advancements in tissue-engineered brain disease models have overcome many of the different shortcomings associated with the various animal models, tissue culture models, and epidemiologic patient data that are commonly used to study brain disease. One innovative method by which to model human neurological disease is via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to neural lineages including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Three-dimensional models such as brain organoids have also been derived from hPSCs, offering more physiological relevance due to their incorporation of various cell types. As such, brain organoids can better model the pathophysiology of neural diseases observed in patients. In this review, we will emphasize recent developments in hPSC-based tissue culture models of neurological disorders and how they are being used to create neural disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Yan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Eddie S Qian
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Lauren E Woodard
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Julie Bejoy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xia L, Zhang F, Li Y, Mo Y, Zhang L, Li Q, Luo M, Hou X, Du Z, Deng J, Hao E. A new perspective on Alzheimer's disease: m6A modification. Front Genet 2023; 14:1166831. [PMID: 37255714 PMCID: PMC10225986 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1166831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by synaptic loss, extracellular plaques of amyloid accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and neuroinflammation. Various biological processes are affected by epitranscriptomic modifications, which regulate the metabolism of mRNA in cells and regulate the expression of genes. In response to changes in m6A modification levels, the nervous system becomes dysfunctional and plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. As a result of recent research, this paper reviews advances in the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification in the occurrence and development of AD. In addition, the article discusses recent research techniques related to animal models of m6A and AD. Furthermore, it discusses the possibility of studying the pathogenesis of AD at the level of the epitranscriptome, identifying early diagnostic markers, and screening for effective treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi International Zhang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Gungxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yulu Li
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
| | - Yuemi Mo
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
| | - Lingqiu Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
| | - Minghuang Luo
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lü L, Yuan F, Fan H, Li Y, Liu J, Feng W, Zhang HG, Chen SY. Ethanol exposure disrupted the formation of radial glial processes and impaired the generation and migration of outer radial glial cells in forebrain organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114325. [PMID: 36669750 PMCID: PMC9992138 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) play a pivotal role in cerebral cortical development by functioning as a source of new neurons and by supporting the migration of newborn neurons. These functions are primarily dependent on the apical-basolateral structures of radial glial processes. This study aims to investigate the effects of ethanol exposure on the development of radial glial processes and the generation, migration, and transformation of outer radial glial cells (oRGCs). For this purpose, forebrain organoids were developed from human embryonic stem cells. These forebrain organoids contain abundant neural progenitor cells (SOX2+), express high levels of neural epithelial markers β-catenin and PKCλ, and dorsal forebrain marker PAX6, and display well-organized cortical architectures containing abundant apical and basal RGCs, intermediate progenitors (IPCs), and neurons. Exposure of forebrain organoids to ethanol resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis in Nestin-positive radial glial cells. Ethanol exposure also remarkably decreased the levels of radial glial process-associated proteins, including Nestin, GFAP, and Vimentin, in radial glial cells and distinctly impaired the integrity and morphologies of radial glial processes. In addition, the ethanol-induced impairment of the radial glial processes is associated with decreased migration and proliferation of radial glial cells, reduction in the generation of HOPX+ oRGCs, and the accelerated transformation of oRGCs into astrocytes. These results demonstrate that ethanol exposure can disrupt cerebral cortex development by impairing the formation of radial glial processes and the generation, migration, and transformation of oRGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanhai Lü
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Huadong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karvandi MS, Sheikhzadeh Hesari F, Aref AR, Mahdavi M. The neuroprotective effects of targeting key factors of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: The role of ER stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1105247. [PMID: 36950516 PMCID: PMC10025411 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss is one of the striking causes of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although these diseases have different features and clinical manifestations, they share some common mechanisms of disease pathology. Progressive regional loss of neurons in patients is responsible for motor, memory, and cognitive dysfunctions, leading to disabilities and death. Neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is linked to various pathways and conditions. Protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of the innate immune response are the most critical hallmarks of most common neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are the major pathological factors of neuronal cell death. Even though the exact mechanisms are not fully discovered, the notable role of mentioned factors in neuronal loss is well known. On this basis, researchers have been prompted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of targeting underlying pathways to determine a promising therapeutic approach to disease treatment. This review provides an overview of the role of ER stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in neuronal cell death, mainly discussing the neuroprotective effects of targeting pathways or molecules involved in these pathological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sobhan Karvandi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Majid Mahdavi
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karmirian K, Holubiec M, Goto-Silva L, Fernandez Bessone I, Vitória G, Mello B, Alloatti M, Vanderborght B, Falzone TL, Rehen S. Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Using Human Brain Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2561:135-158. [PMID: 36399268 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia, to date. The urgent need to understand the biological and biochemical processes related to this condition, as well as the demand for reliable in vitro models for drug screening, has led to the development of novel techniques, among which stem cell methods are of utmost relevance for AD research, particularly the development of human brain organoids. Brain organoids are three-dimensional cellular aggregates derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that recreate different neural cell interactions and tissue characteristics in culture. Here, we describe the protocol for the generation of brain organoids derived from AD patients and for the analysis of AD-derived pathology. AD organoids can recapitulate beta-amyloid and tau pathological features, making them a promising model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying disease and for in vitro drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Holubiec
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivan Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Vitória
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mello
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matias Alloatti
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tomás L Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires IBioBA (CONICET), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stevens Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Varshavskaya KB, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Barykin EP. Synthetic, Cell-Derived, Brain-Derived, and Recombinant β-Amyloid: Modelling Alzheimer's Disease for Research and Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315036. [PMID: 36499362 PMCID: PMC9738609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterised by the accumulation of senile plaques and tau tangles, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The development of AD is a pathological cascade starting according to the amyloid hypothesis with the accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau and promotes the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia leading to synaptic loss and, ultimately, neuronal death. Modelling AD-related processes is important for both studying the molecular basis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. The replication of these processes is often achieved with the use of a purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ preparations obtained from different sources can have strikingly different properties. This review aims to compare the structure and biological effects of Aβ oligomers and aggregates of a higher order: synthetic, recombinant, purified from cell culture, or extracted from brain tissue. The authors summarise the applicability of Aβ preparations for modelling Aβ aggregation, neurotoxicity, cytoskeleton damage, receptor toxicity in vitro and cerebral amyloidosis, synaptic plasticity disruption, and cognitive impairment in vivo and ex vivo. Further, the paper discusses the causes of the reported differences in the effect of Aβ obtained from the sources mentioned above. This review points to the importance of the source of Aβ for AD modelling and could help researchers to choose the optimal way to model the Aβ-induced abnormalities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Langlie J, Mittal R, Finberg A, Bencie NB, Mittal J, Omidian H, Omidi Y, Eshraghi AA. Unraveling pathological mechanisms in neurological disorders: the impact of cell-based and organoid models. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2131-2140. [PMID: 35259819 PMCID: PMC9083150 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based models are a promising tool in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as aiding in the discovery and development of future drug therapies. The greatest challenge is creating cell-based models that encapsulate the vast phenotypic presentations as well as the underlying genotypic etiology of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the recent advancements in cell-based models for understanding the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. We reviewed studies discussing the progression of cell-based models to the advancement of three-dimensional models and organoids that provide a more accurate model of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in vivo. The better we understand how to create more precise models of the neurological system, the sooner we will be able to create patient-specific models and large libraries of these neurological disorders. While three-dimensional models can be used to discover the linking factors to connect the varying phenotypes, such models will also help to understand the early pathophysiology of these neurological disorders and how they are affected by their environment. The three-dimensional cell models will allow us to create more specific treatments and uncover potentially preventative measures in neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ariel Finberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nathalie B Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables; Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tran HN, Gautam V. Micro/nano devices for integration with human brain organoids. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
14
|
Tran HN, Gautam V. Micro- and nanodevices for integration with human brain organoids. Biosens Bioelectron 2022:114734. [PMID: 36990931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Nguyen Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qiao H, Zhao W, Guo M, Zhu L, Chen T, Wang J, Xu X, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Chen P. Cerebral Organoids for Modeling of HSV-1-Induced-Amyloid β Associated Neuropathology and Phenotypic Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115981. [PMID: 35682661 PMCID: PMC9181143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infection is a potential risk factor involved in the Amyloid β (Aβ) associated neuropathology. However, further understanding of the neuropathological effects of the HSV-1 infection is hampered by the limitations of existing infection models due to the distinct differences between human brains and other mammalians’ brains. Here we generated cerebral organoid models derived from pluripotent stem cells to investigate the HSV-induced Aβ associated neuropathology and the role of antiviral drugs in the phenotypic rescue. Our results identified that the HSV-1-infected cerebral organoids recapitulated Aβ associated neuropathology including the multicellular Aβ deposition, dysregulated endogenous AD mediators, reactive gliosis, neuroinflammation, and neural loss, indicating that cerebral organoids offer an opportunity for modeling the interaction of HSV-1 with the complex phenotypes across the genetic, cellular, and tissue levels of the human Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, we identified that two antiviral drugs, namely Ribavirin (RBV) and Valacyclovir (VCV), inhibited HSV-1 replication and rescued the neuropathological phenotypes associated with AD in the HSV-1-infected cerebral organoids, implying their therapeutic potential to slow down the progression of AD. Our study provides a high-fidelity human-relevant in-vitro HSV-1 infection model to reconstitute the multiscale neuropathological features associated with AD and discover therapeutic drug candidates relevant to the AD viral hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Qiao
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Moujian Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Tao Chen
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Jibo Wang
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430050, China;
| | - Ying Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Pu Chen
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; (H.Q.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.); (T.C.); (J.W.); (X.X.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430050, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim JY, Mo H, Kim J, Kim JW, Nam Y, Rim YA, Ju JH. Mitigating Effect of Estrogen in Alzheimer’s Disease-Mimicking Cerebral Organoid. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:816174. [PMID: 35401074 PMCID: PMC8990972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.816174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common condition in patients with dementia and affects a large population worldwide. The incidence of AD is expected to increase in future owing to the rapid expansion of the aged population globally. Researchers have shown that women are twice more likely to be affected by AD than men. This phenomenon has been attributed to the postmenopausal state, during which the level of estrogen declines significantly. Estrogen is known to alleviate neurotoxicity in the brain and protect neurons. While the effects of estrogen have been investigated in AD models, to our knowledge, they have not been investigated in a stem cell-based three-dimensional in vitro system. Here, we designed a new model for AD using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in a three-dimensional, in vitro culture system. We used 5xFAD mice to confirm the potential of estrogen in alleviating the effects of AD pathogenesis. Next, we confirmed a similar trend in an AD model developed using iPSC-derived cerebral organoids, in which the key characteristics of AD were recapitulated. The findings emphasized the potential of estrogen as a treatment agent for AD and also showed the suitability of AD-recapitulating cerebral organoids as a reliable platform for disease modeling and drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunkyung Mo
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jang Woon Kim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- YiPSCELL, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ji Hyeon Ju,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lim JY, Lee JE, Park SA, Park SI, Yon JM, Park JA, Jeun SS, Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SW, Yang SH. Protective Effect of Human-Neural-Crest-Derived Nasal Turbinate Stem Cells against Amyloid-β Neurotoxicity through Inhibition of Osteopontin in a Human Cerebral Organoid Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061029. [PMID: 35326480 PMCID: PMC8947560 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the use of human brain organoids (hBOs) to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of human-neural-crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells (hNTSCs) in models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We generated hBOs from human induced pluripotent stem cells, investigated their characteristics according to neuronal markers and electrophysiological features, and then evaluated the protective effect of hNTSCs against amyloid-β peptide (Aβ1–42) neurotoxic activity in vitro in hBOs and in vivo in a mouse model of AD. Treatment of hBOs with Aβ1–42 induced neuronal cell death concomitant with decreased expression of neuronal markers, which was suppressed by hNTSCs cocultured under Aβ1–42 exposure. Cytokine array showed a significantly decreased level of osteopontin (OPN) in hBOs with hNTSC coculture compared with hBOs only in the presence of Aβ1–42. Silencing OPN via siRNA suppressed Aβ-induced neuronal cell death in cell culture. Notably, compared with PBS, hNTSC transplantation significantly enhanced performance on the Morris water maze, with reduced levels of OPN after transplantation in a mouse model of AD. These findings reveal that hBO models are useful to evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of stem cells for application in treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Kyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Kyonggi-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Son J, Park SJ, Ha T, Lee SN, Cho HY, Choi JW. Electrophysiological Monitoring of Neurochemical-Based Neural Signal Transmission in a Human Brain-Spinal Cord Assembloid. ACS Sens 2022; 7:409-414. [PMID: 35044765 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Combining human brain organoids holds great potential in recapitulating the human brain's histological features and modeling neural disorders. However, current combined-brain organoid models focus on the internal interactions between different brain regions. In this study, we develop an engineered brain-spinal cord assembloid (eBSA) by coculturing cerebral organoids (COs) and motor neuron spheroids (MNSs). By connecting COs and MNSs, we generate a terminal for signal transfer from the brain to the whole body by mimicking the brain-spinal cord connection. After the formation of COs from human induced pluripotent stem cells and MNSs from human neural stem cells, MNSs are prepatterned into specific CO regions and assembled to form an eBSA. Caffeine serves as a neurochemical model to demonstrate neural signal transmission. When the MNSs in the eBSA contact the multielectrode array, the eBSA successfully shows an increased neural spiking speed on the motor neuron region by caffeine treatment, which means that neural stimulation signals transfer from the COs to MNSs. The neural stimulation effects of caffeine are tested on the MNSs only to prove the eBSA system's neural signal transmission, and there were no stimulus effects. Our results demonstrate that the eBSA system can monitor a caffeine-mediated excitatory signal as an output signal from the brain to the spinal cord. We believe that the eBSA system can be utilized as a screening platform to validate the stimulus signal transfer by neurochemicals. In addition, the accumulation of understanding of the neural signal transfer from CNS to PNS will provide better knowledge for controlling muscle actuators with the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyung Son
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeong Ha
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- Uniance Gene Inc., 1107 Teilhard Hall, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nogueira GO, Garcez PP, Bardy C, Cunningham MO, Sebollela A. Modeling the Human Brain With ex vivo Slices and in vitro Organoids for Translational Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:838594. [PMID: 35281505 PMCID: PMC8908416 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.838594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna O. Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark O. Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Adriano Sebollela
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roll L, Lessmann K, Brüstle O, Faissner A. Cerebral Organoids Maintain the Expression of Neural Stem Cell-Associated Glycoepitopes and Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050760. [PMID: 35269382 PMCID: PMC8909158 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, the nervous system with its highly specialized cell types forms from a pool of relatively uniform stem cells. This orchestrated process requires tight regulation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network rich in signaling molecules, and therefore, of interest in this context. Distinct carbohydrate structures, bound to ECM molecules like Tenascin C (TNC), are associated with neural stem/progenitor cells. We have analyzed the expression patterns of the LewisX (LeX) trisaccharide motif and of the sulfation-dependent DSD-1 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan epitope in human cerebral organoids, a 3D model for early central nervous system (CNS) development, immunohistochemically. In early organoids we observed distinct expression patterns of the glycoepitopes, associated with rosette-like structures that resemble the neural tube in vitro: Terminal LeX motifs, recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 487LeX, were enriched in the lumen and at the outer border of neural rosettes. In contrast, internal LeX motif repeats detected with mAb 5750LeX were concentrated near the lumen. The DSD-1 epitope, labeled with mAb 473HD, was detectable at rosette borders and in adjacent cells. The epitope expression was maintained in older organoids but appeared more diffuse. The differential glycoepitope expression suggests a specific function in the developing human CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Lessmann
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)234-32-28851
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma NS, Karan A, Lee D, Yan Z, Xie J. Advances in Modeling Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Department of Biomedical Biological and Chemical Engineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prasanna P, Rathee S, Rahul V, Mandal D, Chandra Goud MS, Yadav P, Hawthorne S, Sharma A, Gupta PK, Ojha S, Jha NK, Villa C, Jha SK. Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer's Disease: How Far Have We Come? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101022. [PMID: 34685393 PMCID: PMC8537508 DOI: 10.3390/life11101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant health concern with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells such as microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- School of Applied Sciences, KK University, Nalanda 803115, Bihar, India;
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India;
| | - Vedanabhatla Rahul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844101, Bihar, India;
| | | | - Pardeep Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Akbaba TH, Bekircan-Kurt CE, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Balci-Hayta B. Biologia Futura: the importance of 3D organoids-a new approach for research on neurological and rare diseases. Biol Futur 2021; 72:281-290. [PMID: 34554549 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3D cell cultures and organoid approach are increasingly being used for basic research and drug discovery of several diseases. Recent advances in these technologies, enabling research on tissue-like structures created in vitro is very important for the value of the data produced. Application of 3D cultures will not only contribute to advancing basic research, but also help to reduce animal usage in biomedical science. The 3D organoid approach is important for research on diseases where patient tissue is difficult to obtain. Therefore, this review aims to show recent advances in the 3D organoid technology in disease modeling and potential usage in translational and personalized medicine of diseases with limited patient material such as neurological diseases and rare diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Hilmi Akbaba
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Banu Balci-Peynircioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balci-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen X, Sun G, Tian E, Zhang M, Davtyan H, Beach TG, Reiman EM, Blurton‐Jones M, Holtzman DM, Shi Y. Modeling Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease in Human Brain Organoids under Serum Exposure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101462. [PMID: 34337898 PMCID: PMC8456220 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Huge efforts have been made to develop anti-AD drugs in the past decades. However, all drug development programs for disease-modifying therapies have failed. Possible reasons for the high failure rate include incomplete understanding of complex pathophysiology of AD, especially sporadic AD (sAD), and species difference between humans and animal models used in preclinical studies. In this study, sAD is modeled using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D brain organoids. Because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a well-known risk factor for AD, brain organoids are exposed to human serum to mimic the serum exposure consequence of BBB breakdown in AD patient brains. The serum-exposed brain organoids are able to recapitulate AD-like pathologies, including increased amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates and phosphorylated microtubule-associated tau protein (p-Tau) level, synaptic loss, and impaired neural network. Serum exposure increases Aβ and p-Tau levels through inducing beta-secretase 1 (BACE) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha / beta (GSK3α/β) levels, respectively. In addition, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of brain organoids reveals that serum exposure reduced synaptic function in both neurons and astrocytes and induced immune response in astrocytes. The human brain organoid-based sAD model established in this study can provide a powerful platform for both mechanistic study and therapeutic development in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Chen
- Division of Stem Cell Biology ResearchDepartment of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope1500 E. Duarte RdDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Division of Stem Cell Biology ResearchDepartment of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope1500 E. Duarte RdDuarteCA91010USA
| | - E Tian
- Division of Stem Cell Biology ResearchDepartment of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope1500 E. Duarte RdDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Division of Stem Cell Biology ResearchDepartment of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope1500 E. Duarte RdDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute105015 West Santa Fe DriveSun CityAZ85351USA
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer Institute901 East Willetta StreetPhoenixAZ95006USA
| | - Mathew Blurton‐Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorInstitute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of NeurologyHope Center for Neurological DisordersKnight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63110USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology ResearchDepartment of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope1500 E. Duarte RdDuarteCA91010USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Porciúncula LO, Goto-Silva L, Ledur PF, Rehen SK. The Age of Brain Organoids: Tailoring Cell Identity and Functionality for Normal Brain Development and Disease Modeling. Front Neurosci 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674563
expr 918028134 + 817050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, brain development has been investigated in rodent models, which were particularly relevant to establish the role of specific genes in this process. However, the cytoarchitectonic features, which determine neuronal network formation complexity, are unique to humans. This implies that the developmental program of the human brain and neurological disorders can only partly be reproduced in rodents. Advancement in the study of the human brain surged with cultures of human brain tissue in the lab, generated from induced pluripotent cells reprogrammed from human somatic tissue. These cultures, termed brain organoids, offer an invaluable model for the study of the human brain. Brain organoids reproduce the cytoarchitecture of the cortex and can develop multiple brain regions and cell types. Integration of functional activity of neural cells within brain organoids with genetic, cellular, and morphological data in a comprehensive model for human development and disease is key to advance in the field. Because the functional activity of neural cells within brain organoids relies on cell repertoire and time in culture, here, we review data supporting the gradual formation of complex neural networks in light of cell maturity within brain organoids. In this context, we discuss how the technology behind brain organoids brought advances in understanding neurodevelopmental, pathogen-induced, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Porciúncula LO, Goto-Silva L, Ledur PF, Rehen SK. The Age of Brain Organoids: Tailoring Cell Identity and Functionality for Normal Brain Development and Disease Modeling. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674563. [PMID: 34483818 PMCID: PMC8414411 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, brain development has been investigated in rodent models, which were particularly relevant to establish the role of specific genes in this process. However, the cytoarchitectonic features, which determine neuronal network formation complexity, are unique to humans. This implies that the developmental program of the human brain and neurological disorders can only partly be reproduced in rodents. Advancement in the study of the human brain surged with cultures of human brain tissue in the lab, generated from induced pluripotent cells reprogrammed from human somatic tissue. These cultures, termed brain organoids, offer an invaluable model for the study of the human brain. Brain organoids reproduce the cytoarchitecture of the cortex and can develop multiple brain regions and cell types. Integration of functional activity of neural cells within brain organoids with genetic, cellular, and morphological data in a comprehensive model for human development and disease is key to advance in the field. Because the functional activity of neural cells within brain organoids relies on cell repertoire and time in culture, here, we review data supporting the gradual formation of complex neural networks in light of cell maturity within brain organoids. In this context, we discuss how the technology behind brain organoids brought advances in understanding neurodevelopmental, pathogen-induced, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane O. Porciúncula
- Department of Biochemistry, Program of Biological Sciences - Biochemistry, Institute of Health and Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pitia F. Ledur
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens K. Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Long-term effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) has significantly reduced the burden of disease, yet a cure for HIV has not been universally achieved, likely due to the persistence of an HIV reservoir. The central nervous system (CNS) is an understudied HIV sanctuary. Importantly, due to viral persistence in the brain, cognitive disturbances persist to various degrees at high rates in PWH despite suppressive ART. Given the complexity and accessibility of the CNS compartment and that it is a physiologically and anatomically unique immune site, human studies to reveal molecular mechanisms of viral entry, reservoir establishment, and the cellular and structural interactions leading to viral persistence and brain injury to advance a cure and either prevent or limit cognitive impairments in PWH remain challenging. Recent advances in human brain organoids show that they can mimic the intercellular dynamics of the human brain and may recapitulate many of the events involved in HIV infection of the brain (neuroHIV). Human brain organoids can be produced, spontaneously or with addition of growth factors and at immature or mature states, and have become stronger models to study neurovirulent viral infections of the CNS. While organoids provide opportunities to study neuroHIV, obstacles such as the need to incorporate microglia need to be overcome to fully utilize this model. Here, we review the current achievements in brain organoid biology and their relevance to neuroHIV research efforts.
Collapse
|
28
|
Esmail S, Danter WR. Artificially Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Whole-Brain Organoid for Modelling the Pathophysiology of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy and Drug Repurposing. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040440. [PMID: 33923989 PMCID: PMC8073899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that results from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Worldwide, there are between one in 40,000 and one in 160,000 people living with the disease. While there are currently no effective treatments for MLD, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids have the potential to provide a better understanding of MLD pathogenesis. However, developing brain organoid models is expensive, time consuming and may not accurately reflect disease progression. Using accurate and inexpensive computer simulations of human brain organoids could overcome the current limitations. Artificially induced whole-brain organoids (aiWBO) have the potential to greatly expand our ability to model MLD and guide future wet lab research. In this study, we have upgraded and validated our artificially induced whole-brain organoid platform (NEUBOrg) using our previously validated machine learning platform, DeepNEU (v6.2). Using this upgraded NEUBorg, we have generated aiWBO simulations of MLD and provided a novel approach to evaluate factors associated with MLD pathogenesis, disease progression and new potential therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu T, Zhu B, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yin J, Li X, Jiang L, Hodges AP, Rosenthal SB, Zhou L, Yancey J, McQuade A, Blurton-Jones M, Tanzi RE, Huang TY, Xu H. Multi-omic comparison of Alzheimer's variants in human ESC-derived microglia reveals convergence at APOE. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152099. [PMID: 32941599 PMCID: PMC7953740 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in many genes linked to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) show abundant expression in microglia, but relationships among these genes remain largely elusive. Here, we establish isogenic human ESC–derived microglia-like cell lines (hMGLs) harboring AD variants in CD33, INPP5D, SORL1, and TREM2 loci and curate a comprehensive atlas comprising ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and proteomics datasets. AD-like expression signatures are observed in AD mutant SORL1 and TREM2 hMGLs, while integrative multi-omic analysis of combined epigenetic and expression datasets indicates up-regulation of APOE as a convergent pathogenic node. We also observe cross-regulatory relationships between SORL1 and TREM2, in which SORL1R744X hMGLs induce TREM2 expression to enhance APOE expression. AD-associated SORL1 and TREM2 mutations also impaired hMGL Aβ uptake in an APOE-dependent manner in vitro and attenuated Aβ uptake/clearance in mouse AD brain xenotransplants. Using this modeling and analysis platform for human microglia, we provide new insight into epistatic interactions in AD genes and demonstrate convergence of microglial AD genes at the APOE locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yan Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jun Yin
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - LuLin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew P Hodges
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joel Yancey
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Imbimbo BP, Ippati S, Watling M, Balducci C. Accelerating Alzheimer's disease drug discovery and development: what's the way forward? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:727-735. [PMID: 33653187 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1887132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: As the global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) grows, an effective disease-modifying therapy remains a distant prospect following the repeated failure of multiple therapeutics targeting β-amyloid and (it seems) tau over many years of costly effort. The repeated failure of single-target therapies to meaningfully modify disease progression raises major questions about the validity of many aspects of drug development in this area, especially target selection.Area covered: The authors explore the critical questions raised by a review of the collective experience to date, relating to why findings with non-clinical models and clinical biomarkers so frequently fail to translate to positive outcomes in clinical trials, which alternatives should be considered, and how we can design and conduct clinical trials that can successfully identify and quantify meaningful benefits in the future.Expert opinion: It is our opinion that we must recognize and accept the need to consider less specific, more multimodal approaches to addressing neurodegeneration in AD if we are to make progress - and we must avoid repeating the well intentioned, but ultimately erroneous, assumptions of the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research & Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Ippati
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Watling
- CNS & Pain Department, TranScrip Partners, Reading, UK
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Esmail S, Danter WR. NEUBOrg: Artificially Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Organoid to Model and Study Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:643889. [PMID: 33708104 PMCID: PMC7940675 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.643889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative diseases. There are over 44 million people living with the disease worldwide. While there are currently no effective treatments for AD, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids have the potential to provide a better understanding of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Nevertheless, developing brain organoid models is expensive, time consuming and often does not reflect disease progression. Using accurate and inexpensive computer simulations of human brain organoids can overcome the current limitations. Induced whole brain organoids (aiWBO) will greatly expand our ability to model AD and can guide wet lab research. In this study, we have successfully developed and validated artificially induced a whole brain organoid platform (NEUBOrg) using our previously validated machine learning platform, DeepNEU (v6.1). Using NEUBorg platform, we have generated aiWBO simulations of AD and provided a novel approach to test genetic risk factors associated with AD progression and pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Qian L, TCW J. Human iPSC-Based Modeling of Central Nerve System Disorders for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1203. [PMID: 33530458 PMCID: PMC7865494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput drug screen identifies potentially promising therapeutics for clinical trials. However, limitations that persist in current disease modeling with limited physiological relevancy of human patients skew drug responses, hamper translation of clinical efficacy, and contribute to high clinical attritions. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology revolutionizes the paradigm of drug discovery. In particular, iPSC-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering that appears as a promising vehicle of in vitro disease modeling provides more sophisticated tissue architectures and micro-environmental cues than a traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture. Here we discuss 3D based organoids/spheroids that construct the advanced modeling with evolved structural complexity, which propels drug discovery by exhibiting more human specific and diverse pathologies that are not perceived in 2D or animal models. We will then focus on various central nerve system (CNS) disease modeling using human iPSCs, leading to uncovering disease pathogenesis that guides the development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, we will address new opportunities of iPSC-assisted drug discovery with multi-disciplinary approaches from bioengineering to Omics technology. Despite technological challenges, iPSC-derived cytoarchitectures through interactions of diverse cell types mimic patients' CNS and serve as a platform for therapeutic development and personalized precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia TCW
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Reis de Assis D, Szabo A, Requena Osete J, Puppo F, O’Connell KS, A. Akkouh I, Hughes T, Frei E, A. Andreassen O, Djurovic S. Using iPSC Models to Understand the Role of Estrogen in Neuron-Glia Interactions in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Cells 2021; 10:209. [PMID: 33494281 PMCID: PMC7909800 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BIP) are severe mental disorders with a considerable disease burden worldwide due to early age of onset, chronicity, and lack of efficient treatments or prevention strategies. Whilst our current knowledge is that SCZ and BIP are highly heritable and share common pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cellular signaling, neurotransmission, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation, the development of novel therapies has been hampered by the unavailability of appropriate models to identify novel targetable pathomechanisms. Recent data suggest that neuron-glia interactions are disturbed in SCZ and BIP, and are modulated by estrogen (E2). However, most of the knowledge we have so far on the neuromodulatory effects of E2 came from studies on animal models and human cell lines, and may not accurately reflect many processes occurring exclusively in the human brain. Thus, here we highlight the advantages of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models to revisit studies of mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of E2 in human brain cells. A better understanding of these mechanisms opens the opportunity to identify putative targets of novel therapeutic agents for SCZ and BIP. In this review, we first summarize the literature on the molecular mechanisms involved in SCZ and BIP pathology and the beneficial effects of E2 on neuron-glia interactions. Then, we briefly present the most recent developments in the iPSC field, emphasizing the potential of using patient-derived iPSCs as more relevant models to study the effects of E2 on neuron-glia interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Reis de Assis
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Requena Osete
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Puppo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin S. O’Connell
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Akkouh
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Hughes
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Evgeniia Frei
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Park JC, Jang SY, Lee D, Lee J, Kang U, Chang H, Kim HJ, Han SH, Seo J, Choi M, Lee DY, Byun MS, Yi D, Cho KH, Mook-Jung I. A logical network-based drug-screening platform for Alzheimer's disease representing pathological features of human brain organoids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:280. [PMID: 33436582 PMCID: PMC7804132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing effective drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, has been difficult because of complicated pathogenesis. Here, we report an efficient, network-based drug-screening platform developed by integrating mathematical modeling and the pathological features of AD with human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids (iCOs), including CRISPR-Cas9-edited isogenic lines. We use 1300 organoids from 11 participants to build a high-content screening (HCS) system and test blood-brain barrier-permeable FDA-approved drugs. Our study provides a strategy for precision medicine through the convergence of mathematical modeling and a miniature pathological brain model using iCOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG United Kingdom
| | - So-Yeong Jang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongha Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Uiryong Kang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Chang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Sciences and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry, College of medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pérez MJ, Ivanyuk D, Panagiotakopoulou V, Di Napoli G, Kalb S, Brunetti D, Al-Shaana R, Kaeser SA, Fraschka SAK, Jucker M, Zeviani M, Viscomi C, Deleidi M. Loss of function of the mitochondrial peptidase PITRM1 induces proteotoxic stress and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in human cerebral organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5733-5750. [PMID: 32632204 PMCID: PMC8758476 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1), a mitochondrial protease involved in mitochondrial precursor processing and degradation, result in a slow-progressing syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, psychotic episodes, and obsessive behavior, as well as cognitive decline. To investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of mitochondrial presequence processing, we employed cortical neurons and cerebral organoids generated from PITRM1-knockout human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). PITRM1 deficiency strongly induced mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and enhanced mitochondrial clearance in iPSC-derived neurons. Furthermore, we observed increased levels of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid β in PITRM1-knockout neurons. However, neither cell death nor protein aggregates were observed in 2D iPSC-derived cortical neuronal cultures. On the other hand, over time, cerebral organoids generated from PITRM1-knockout iPSCs spontaneously developed pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the accumulation of protein aggregates, tau pathology, and neuronal cell death. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a perturbation of mitochondrial function in all cell types in PITRM1-knockout cerebral organoids, whereas immune transcriptional signatures were substantially dysregulated in astrocytes. Importantly, we provide evidence of a protective role of UPRmt and mitochondrial clearance against impaired mitochondrial presequence processing and proteotoxic stress. Here, we propose a novel concept of PITRM1-linked neurological syndrome whereby defects of mitochondrial presequence processing induce an early activation of UPRmt that, in turn, modulates cytosolic quality control pathways. Thus, our work supports a mechanistic link between mitochondrial function and common neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Pérez
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dina Ivanyuk
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Di Napoli
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kalb
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dario Brunetti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rawaa Al-Shaana
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Kaeser
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Anne-Kristin Fraschka
- DFG NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- grid.462573.10000 0004 0427 1414MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- grid.462573.10000 0004 0427 1414MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yin J, VanDongen AM. Enhanced Neuronal Activity and Asynchronous Calcium Transients Revealed in a 3D Organoid Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:254-264. [PMID: 33347288 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the development of three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids maintained in vitro have provided excellent opportunities to study brain development and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there remains a need to generate AD organoids bearing patient-specific genomic backgrounds that can functionally recapitulate the key features observed in the AD patient's brain. To address this need, we described a strategy to generate self-organizing 3D cerebral organoids which develop a functional neuronal network connectivity. This was achieved by neuroectoderm induction of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs) aggregates and subsequent differentiation into desired neuroepithelia and mature neurons in a 3D Matrigel matrix. Using this approach, we successfully generated AD cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived from a familial AD patient with a common mutation in presenilin 2 (PSEN2N141I). An isogenic control with an identical genetic background but wild-type PSEN2 was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Both control and AD organoids were characterized by analyzing their morphology, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, functional neuronal network activity, drug sensitivity, and the extent of neural apoptosis. The spontaneous activity of the network and its synchronization was measured in the organoids via calcium imaging. We found that compared with the mutation-corrected control organoids, AD organoids had a higher Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, asynchronous calcium transients, and enhanced neuronal hyperactivity, successfully recapitulating an AD-like pathology at the molecular, cellular, and network level in a human genetic context. Moreover, two drugs which increase neuronal activity, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and bicuculline methochloride, induced high-frequency synchronized network bursting to a similar extent in both organoids. Therefore, our study presents a promising organoid-based biosystem for the study of the pathophysiology of AD and a platform for AD drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Antonius M VanDongen
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yadav A, Seth B, Chaturvedi RK. Brain Organoids: Tiny Mirrors of Human Neurodevelopment and Neurological Disorders. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:388-426. [PMID: 32723210 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420943192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the complexity of the human brain is a challenging task. Nowadays, modern neurobiologists have developed 3D model systems called "brain organoids" to overcome the technical challenges in understanding human brain development and the limitations of animal models to study neurological diseases. Certainly like most model systems in neuroscience, brain organoids too have limitations, as these minuscule brains lack the complex neuronal circuitry required to begin the operational tasks of human brain. However, researchers are hopeful that future endeavors with these 3D brain tissues could provide mechanistic insights into the generation of circuit complexity as well as reproducible creation of different regions of the human brain. Herein, we have presented the contemporary state of brain organoids with special emphasis on their mode of generation and their utility in modelling neurological disorders, drug discovery, and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brighi C, Cordella F, Chiriatti L, Soloperto A, Di Angelantonio S. Retinal and Brain Organoids: Bridging the Gap Between in vivo Physiology and in vitro Micro-Physiology for the Study of Alzheimer's Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:655. [PMID: 32625060 PMCID: PMC7311765 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in tissue engineering has led to increasingly complex approaches to investigate human neurodegenerative diseases in vitro, such as Alzheimer's disease, aiming to provide more functional and physiological models for the study of their pathogenesis, and possibly the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical and retinal organoids represent a novel class of in vitro three-dimensional models capable to recapitulate with a high similarity the structure and the complexity of the native brain and retinal tissues, thus providing a framework for better mimicking in a dish the patient's disease features. This review aims to discuss progress made over the years in the field of in vitro three-dimensional cell culture systems, and the benefits and disadvantages related to a possible application of organoids for the study of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease, providing a promising breakthrough toward a personalized medicine approach and the reduction in the use of humanized animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Brighi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Cordella
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiriatti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang DY, Song H, Ming GL. Modeling neurological disorders using brain organoids. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 111:4-14. [PMID: 32561297 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are challenging to study given the complexity and species-specific features of the organ system. Brain organoids are three dimensional structured aggregates of neural tissue that are generated by self-organization and differentiation from pluripotent stem cells under optimized culture conditions. These brain organoids exhibit similar features of structural organization and cell type diversity as the developing human brain, creating opportunities to recapitulate disease phenotypes that are not otherwise accessible. Here we review the initial attempt in the field to apply brain organoid models for the study of many different types of human neurological disorders across a wide range of etiologies and pathophysiologies. Forthcoming advancements in both brain organoid technology as well as analytical methods have significant potentials to advance the understanding of neurological disorders and to uncover opportunities for meaningful therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Papaspyropoulos A, Tsolaki M, Foroglou N, Pantazaki AA. Modeling and Targeting Alzheimer's Disease With Organoids. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32300301 PMCID: PMC7145390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are not easily modeled in vitro due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue and the level of complexity required by existing cell culture systems. Three-dimensional (3D) brain organoid systems generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have demonstrated considerable potential in recapitulating key features of AD pathophysiology, such as amyloid plaque- and neurofibrillary tangle-like structures. A number of AD brain organoid models have also been used as platforms to assess the efficacy of pharmacological agents in disease progression. However, despite the fact that stem cell-derived brain organoids mimic early aspects of brain development, they fail to model complex cell-cell interactions pertaining to different regions of the human brain and aspects of natural processes such as cell differentiation and aging. Here, we review current advances and limitations accompanying several hPSC-derived organoid methodologies, as well as recent attempts to utilize them as therapeutic platforms. We additionally discuss comparative benefits and disadvantages of the various hPSC-derived organoid generation protocols and differentiation strategies. Lastly, we provide a comparison of hPSC-derived organoids to primary tissue-derived organoids, examining the future potential and advantages of both systems in modeling neurodegenerative disorders, especially AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nicolas Foroglou
- Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Unprecedented Potential for Neural Drug Discovery Based on Self-Organizing hiPSC Platforms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051150. [PMID: 32143423 PMCID: PMC7179160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have transformed conventional drug discovery pathways in recent years. In particular, recent advances in hiPSC biology, including organoid technologies, have highlighted a new potential for neural drug discovery with clear advantages over the use of primary tissues. This is important considering the financial and social burden of neurological health care worldwide, directly impacting the life expectancy of many populations. Patient-derived iPSCs-neurons are invaluable tools for novel drug-screening and precision medicine approaches directly aimed at reducing the burden imposed by the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders in an aging population. 3-Dimensional self-assembled or so-called ‘organoid’ hiPSCs cultures offer key advantages over traditional 2D ones and may well be gamechangers in the drug-discovery quest for neurological disorders in the coming years.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sex Stratified Treatment of Neurological Disorders: Challenges and Perspectives. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020103. [PMID: 32075025 PMCID: PMC7071507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the obvious sex differences in many of the most common neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, males and females are still often treated the same from a clinical perspective. Why is that? The simple answer is that there is still too little known about this very complex matter. Sex hormone signaling, genetic sex, sex-biased comorbidities, and social gender perceptions all interact, making discrimination between the impacts of each of these factors hard to evaluate. Adding to the complexity is that important species differences must be taken into account when interpreting data from animal models. Clearly, to overcome this, larger efforts are needed that incorporate epidemiological, experimental, and clinical data to provide a solid scientific base for more personalized and informed clinical decisions that will benefit both men and women suffering from neurological disorders.
Collapse
|