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Ye C, Liu X, Liu Z, Pan C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Sun H. Fusobacterium nucleatum in tumors: from tumorigenesis to tumor metastasis and tumor resistance. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2306676. [PMID: 38289287 PMCID: PMC10829845 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2306676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium primarily residing in the oral cavity, has garnered significant attention for its emerging role in cancer progression and prognosis. While extensive research has revealed mechanistic links between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer, a comprehensive review spanning its presence and metastatic implications in cancers beyond colorectal origin is conspicuously absent. This paper broadens our perspective from colorectal cancer to various malignancies associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum, including oral, pancreatic, esophageal, breast, and gastric cancers. Our central focus is to unravel the mechanisms governing Fusobacterium nucleatum colonization, initiation, and promotion of metastasis across diverse cancer types. Additionally, we explore Fusobacterium nucleatum's adverse impacts on cancer therapies, particularly within the domains of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, this paper underscores the clinical research significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, offering a novel outlook on its applicability in cancer detection and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxuan Pan
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central People’s Hospital of Ji’an, Shanghai East Hospital of Ji’an, Ji’an, China
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2
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Thote V, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Prediction of deleterious non-synonymous SNPs of human MDC1 gene: an in silico approach. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:101-112. [PMID: 38630598 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2325699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
MDC1 (Mediator of DNA damage Checkpoint protein 1) functions to facilitate the localization of numerous DNA damage response (DDR) components to DNA double-strand break sites. MDC1 is an integral component in preserving genomic stability and appropriate DDR regulation. There haven't been systematic investigations of MDC1 mutations that induce cancer and genomic instability. Variations in nsSNPs have the potential to modify the protein chemistry and their function. Describing functional SNPs in disease-associated genes presents a significant conundrum for investigators, it is possible to assess potential functional SNPs before conducting larger population examinations. Multiple sequences and structure-based bioinformatics strategies were implemented in the current in-silico investigation to discern potential nsSNPs of the MDC1 genes. The nsSNPs were identified with SIFT, SNAP2, Align GVGD, PolyPhen-2, and PANTHER, and their stability was determined with MUpro. The conservation, solvent accessibility, and structural effects of the mutations were identified with ConSurf, NetSurfP-2.0, and SAAFEC-SEQ respectively. Cancer-related analysis of the nsSNPs was conducted using cBioPortal and TCGA web servers. The present study appraised five nsSNPs (P1426T, P69S, P194R, P203L, and H131Y) as probably mutilating due to their existence in highly conserved regions and propensity to deplete protein stability. The nsSNPs P194R, P203L, and H131Y were concluded as deleterious and possibly damaging from the 5 prediction tools. The functional nsSNP P194R mutation is associated with skin cutaneous melanoma while no significant records were found for other nsSNPs. The present study concludes that the highly deleterious P194R mutations can potentially induce genomic instability and contribute to various cancers' pathogenesis. Developing drugs targeting these mutations can undoubtedly be advantageous in large population-based studies, particularly in the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
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3
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Sharma S. Unraveling the role of long non-coding RNAs in therapeutic resistance in acute myeloid leukemia: New prospects & challenges. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1203-1221. [PMID: 39036603 PMCID: PMC11259994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fatal hematological disease characterized by the unchecked proliferation of immature myeloid blasts in different tissues developed by various mutations in hematopoiesis. Despite intense chemotherapeutic regimens, patients often experience poor outcomes, leading to substandard remission rates. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have increasingly become important prognostic and therapeutic hotspots, due to their contributions to dysregulating many functional epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms leading to alterations in cell expressions, resulting in increased chemoresistance and reduced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Through this review, I highlight and discuss the latest advances in understanding the major mechanisms through which lncRNAs confer therapy resistance in AML. In addition, I also provide perspective on the current strategies to target lncRNA expressions. A better knowledge of the critical role that lncRNAs play in controlling treatment outcomes in AML will help improve existing medications and devise new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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4
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Naselli F, Cardinale PS, Volpes S, Martino C, Cruciata I, Valenti R, Luparello C, Caradonna F, Chiarelli R. An alternative approach of TUNEL assay to specifically characterize DNA fragmentation in cell model systems. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 162:429-442. [PMID: 38940846 PMCID: PMC11393043 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most important effects induced by chemical agents. We report a comparative analysis of DNA fragmentation on three different cell lines using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, generally applied to detect apoptosis. Our approach combines cytogenetic techniques and investigation in detached cellular structures, recovered from the culture medium with the aim to compare the DNA fragmentation of three different cell line even beyond the cells adherent to substrate. Consequently, we detect any fragmentation points on single chromosomes, whole nuclei and other cellular structures. Cells were exposed to resveratrol (RSV) and doxorubicin (Doxo), in single and combined treatments. Control and treated astrocytes showed DNA damage in condensed nuclei and detached structures. Caco-2 cells showed fragmented DNA only after Doxo-treatment, while controls showed fragmented chromosomes, indicating DNA damage in replicating cells. MDA-MB-231 cells showed nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation above all after RSV-treatment and related to detached structures. This model proved to perform a grading of genomic instability (GI). Astrocytes show a hybrid level of GI. Caco-2 cells showed fragmented metaphase chromosomes, proving that the DNA damage was transmitted to the daughter cells probably due to an absence of DNA repair mechanisms. Instead, MDA-MB-231 cells showed few or no fragmented metaphase, suggesting a probable activation of DNA repair mechanisms. By applying this alternative approach of TUNEL test, we obtained data that can more specifically characterize DNA fragmentation for a suitable application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Sofia Cardinale
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Volpes
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Valenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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He M, Jiang H, Li S, Xue M, Wang H, Zheng C, Tong J. The crosstalk between DNA-damage responses and innate immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112768. [PMID: 39088918 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage is typically caused during cell growth by DNA replication stress or exposure to endogenous or external toxins. The accumulation of damaged DNA causes genomic instability, which is the root cause of many serious disorders. Multiple cellular organisms utilize sophisticated signaling pathways against DNA damage, collectively known as DNA damage response (DDR) networks. Innate immune responses are activated following cellular abnormalities, including DNA damage. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that there is an intimate relationship between the DDR network and innate immune responses. Diverse kinds of cytosolic DNA sensors, such as cGAS and STING, recognize damaged DNA and induce signals related to innate immune responses, which link defective DDR to innate immunity. Moreover, DDR components operate in immune signaling pathways to induce IFNs and/or a cascade of inflammatory cytokines via direct interactions with innate immune modulators. Consistently, defective DDR factors exacerbate the innate immune imbalance, resulting in severe diseases, including autoimmune disorders and tumorigenesis. Here, the latest progress in understanding crosstalk between the DDR network and innate immune responses is reviewed. Notably, the dual function of innate immune modulators in the DDR network may provide novel insights into understanding and developing targeted immunotherapies for DNA damage-related diseases, even carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jie Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Sun M, Song R, Fang Y, Xu J, Yang Z, Zhang H. DNA-Based Complexes and Composites: A Review of Fabrication Methods, Properties, and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51899-51915. [PMID: 39314016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a macromolecule that stores genetic information in organisms, has recently been gradually developed into a building block for new materials due to its stable chemical structure and excellent biocompatibility. The efficient preparation and functional integration of various molecular complexes and composite materials based on nucleic acid skeletons have been successfully achieved. These versatile materials possess excellent physical and chemical properties inherent to certain inorganic or organic molecules but are endowed with specific physiological functions by nucleic acids, demonstrating unique advantages and potential applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and biomedical engineering in recent years. However, issues such as the production cost, biological stability, and potential immunogenicity of DNA have presented some unprecedented challenges to the application of these materials in the field. This review summarizes the cutting-edge manufacturing techniques and unique properties of DNA-based complexes and composites and discusses the trends, challenges, and opportunities for the future development of nucleic acid-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Sun
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Song
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
| | - Yangwu Fang
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jiuzhou Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
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7
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Wang Y, Chen Z, An X, Li J, Li J, Pei Z, Pei Y. A DNA damage-amplifying nanoagent for cancer treatment via two-way regulation of redox dyshomeostasis and downregulation of tetrahydrofolate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134276. [PMID: 39084430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage-based therapy is widely used in cancer treatment, yet its therapeutic efficacy is constrained by the redox homeostasis and DNA damage repair mechanisms of tumor cells. To address these limitations and enhance the efficacy of DNA damage-based therapy, HA-CuH@MTX, a copper-histidine metal-organic complex (CuH) loaded with methotrexate (MTX) and modified with hyaluronic acid (HA), was developed to amplify the DNA damage induced. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the presence of both Cu+ and Cu2+ in HA-CuH@MTX enables two-way regulated redox dyshomeostasis (RDH), achieved through Cu+-catalyzed generation of •OH and Cu2+-mediated consumption of glutathione, thereby facilitating efficient DNA oxidative damage. In addition, DNA damage repair is synergistically inhibited by impairing nucleotide synthesis via histidine metabolism and MTX downregulation of tetrahydrofolate, a crucial raw material in nucleotide synthesis. In vivo experiments with 4T1 tumor-bearing mice demonstrate 83.6 % inhibition of tumor growth by HA-CuH@MTX. This work provides a new strategy to amplify the DNA damage caused by DNA damage-based cancer therapies, and holds great potential for improving their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zelong Chen
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingwang An
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Pei
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Zhou L, Zhu J, Liu Y, Zhou P, Gu Y. Mechanisms of radiation-induced tissue damage and response. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e725. [PMID: 39309694 PMCID: PMC11413508 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced tissue injury (RITI) is the most common complication in clinical tumor radiotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity in the response of different tissues to radiation (IR), radiotherapy will cause different types and degrees of RITI, which greatly limits the clinical application of radiotherapy. Efforts are continuously ongoing to elucidate the molecular mechanism of RITI and develop corresponding prevention and treatment drugs for RITI. Single-cell sequencing (Sc-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of RITI and for identifying potential prevention targets by enhancing our understanding of the complex intercellular relationships, facilitating the identification of novel cell phenotypes, and allowing for the assessment of cell heterogeneity and spatiotemporal developmental trajectories. Based on a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms of RITI, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of different types of RITI in combination with Sc-seq and summarized the targeted intervention pathways and therapeutic drugs for RITI. Deciphering the diverse mechanisms underlying RITI can shed light on its pathogenesis and unveil new therapeutic avenues to potentially facilitate the repair or regeneration of currently irreversible RITI. Furthermore, we discuss how personalized therapeutic strategies based on Sc-seq offer clinical promise in mitigating RITI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingChina
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9
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Jiang H, Li L, Bao Y, Cao X, Ma L. Microbiota in tumors: new factor influencing cancer development. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00833-0. [PMID: 39342031 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Tumor microbiota research is a new field in oncology. With the advancement of high-throughput sequencing, there is growing evidence that a microbial community exists within tumor tissue. How these bacteria access tumor cells varies, including through the invasion of mucous membranes, the bloodstream, or the gut-organ axis. Previous literature has shown that microbes promote the development and progression of cancer through various mechanisms, such as affecting the host's immune system, promoting inflammation, regulating metabolism, and activating invasion and transfer. The study of the tumor microbiota offers a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and it holds the potential for the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies. The role of the tumor microbiota in the pathogenesis of cancer is becoming increasingly evident, and future research will continue to uncover the specific mechanisms of action of these microbes, potentially shedding light on new strategies and methods for cancer prevention and therapy. This article reviews the latest advancements in this field, including how intratumor microbes migrate, their carcinogenic mechanisms, and the characteristics of different types of tumor microbes as well as the application of relevant methods in tumor microbiota research and the clinical values of targeting tumor microbes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongyue Cao
- Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Zhang Q, Xu Z, Han R, Wang Y, Ye Z, Zhu J, Cai Y, Zhang F, Zhao J, Yao B, Qin Z, Qiao N, Huang R, Feng J, Wang Y, Rui W, He F, Zhao Y, Ding C. Proteogenomic characterization of skull-base chordoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8338. [PMID: 39333076 PMCID: PMC11436687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skull-base chordoma is a rare, aggressive bone cancer with a high recurrence rate. Despite advances in genomic studies, its molecular characteristics and effective therapies remain unknown. Here, we conduct integrative genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses of 187 skull-base chordoma tumors. In our study, chromosome instability is identified as a prognostic predictor and potential therapeutic target. Multi-omics data reveals downstream effects of chromosome instability, with RPRD1B as a putative target for radiotherapy-resistant patients. Chromosome 1q gain, associated with chromosome instability and upregulated mitochondrial functions, lead to poorer clinical outcomes. Immune subtyping identify an immune cold subtype linked to chromosome 9p/10q loss and immune evasion. Proteomics-based classification reveals subtypes (P-II and P-III) with high chromosome instability and immune cold features, with P-II tumors showing increased invasiveness. These findings, confirmed in 17 paired samples, provide insights into the biology and treatment of skull-base chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ziyan Xu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Han
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhao
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Boyuan Yao
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Nidan Qiao
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruofan Huang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Rui
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchu He
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Research Unit of Proteomics Driven Cancer Precision Medicine. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Departments of Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Translational Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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11
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Zhou G, Shimura T, Yoneima T, Nagamachi A, Kanai A, Doi K, Sasatani M. Age-Dependent Differences in Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Responses in Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10213. [PMID: 39337697 PMCID: PMC11431935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Age at exposure is a critical modifier of the risk of radiation-induced cancer. However, the effects of age on radiation-induced carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on tissue stem cells using Lgr5-eGFP-ires-CreERT2 mice to compare radiation-induced DNA damage responses between Lgr5+ and Lgr5- intestinal stem cells. Three-dimensional immunostaining analyses demonstrated that radiation induced apoptosis and the mitotic index more efficiently in adult Lgr5- stem cells than in adult Lgr5+ stem cells but not in infants, regardless of Lgr5 expression. Supporting this evidence, rapid and transient p53 activation occurred after irradiation in adult intestinal crypts but not in infants. RNA sequencing revealed greater variability in gene expression in adult Lgr5+ stem cells than in infant Lgr5+ stem cells after irradiation. Notably, the cell cycle and DNA repair pathways were more enriched in adult stem cells than in infant stem cells after irradiation. Our findings suggest that radiation-induced DNA damage responses in mouse intestinal crypts differ between infants and adults, potentially contributing to the age-dependent susceptibility to radiation carcinogenesis.
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Grants
- none Research project on the Health Effects of Radiation organized by Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
- 23K25008 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS KAKENHI
- 22H03754 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS KAKENHI
- 23K28232 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS KAKENHI
- 23H03542 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS KAKENHI
- 20K21846 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS KAKENHI
- NIFS20KOCA004 National Institute for Fusion Science Collaborative Research Program
- NIFS23HDCF005 National Institute for Fusion Science Collaborative Research Program
- none QST Research Collaboration
- none the Program of the Network-Type Joint Usage/Research Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science at Hiroshima University, Nagasaki University, and Fukushima Medical University.
- none Initiative for Realizing Diversity in the Research Environment (Specific Correspondence Type), a support project for the Development of Human Resources in Science and Technology conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technolo
- NIFS17KOCA002 National Institute for Fusion Science Collaborative Research Program
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 754-8553, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
| | - Taiki Yoneima
- School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 754-8551, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagamachi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 754-8553, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Institute for Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 754-8553, Japan;
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12
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Danovski G, Panova G, Keister B, Georgiev G, Atemin A, Uzunova S, Stamatov R, Kanev PB, Aleksandrov R, Blagoev KB, Stoynov SS. Diffusion of activated ATM explains γH2AX and MDC1 spread beyond the DNA damage site. iScience 2024; 27:110826. [PMID: 39310780 PMCID: PMC11416226 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During DNA repair, ATM-induced H2AX histone phosphorylation and MDC1 recruitment spread megabases beyond the damage site. While loop extrusion has been suggested to drive this spread, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we provide two lines of evidence that loop extrusion is not the only driver of damage-induced γH2AX spread. First, cohesin loader NIPBL and cohesin subunit RAD21 accumulate considerably later than the phosphorylation of H2AX and MDC1 recruitment at micro-IR-induced damage. Second, auxin-induced RAD21 depletion does not affect γH2AX/MDC1 spread following micro-irradiation or DSB induction by zeocin. To determine if diffusion of activated ATM could account for the observed behavior, we measured the exchange rate and diffusion constants of ATM and MDC1 within damaged and unperturbed chromatin. Using these measurements, we introduced a quantitative model in which the freely diffusing activated ATM phosphorylates H2AX. This model faithfully describes the dynamics of ATM and subsequent γH2AX/MDC1 spread at complex DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Danovski
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Georgi Georgiev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University, St. Kliment Ohridski, 5 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Atemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sonya Uzunova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stamatov
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar-Bogomil Kanev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Aleksandrov
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krastan B. Blagoev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA 22230, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Paris, France
| | - Stoyno S. Stoynov
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, G. Bontchev Str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Manguinhas R, Serra PA, Gil N, Rosell R, Oliveira NG, Guedes RC. Novel DNA Repair Inhibitors Targeting XPG to Enhance Cisplatin Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Insights from In Silico and Cell-Based Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3174. [PMID: 39335146 PMCID: PMC11430689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
NSCLC is marked by low survival and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. The XPG endonuclease has emerged as a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cisplatin-treated patients and its downregulation having been reported to increase cisplatin efficacy. This study presents an integrated strategy for identifying small molecule inhibitors of XPG to improve cisplatin therapy in NSCLC. A structure-based virtual screening approach was adopted, including a structural and physicochemical analysis of the protein, and a library of small molecules with reported inhibitory activities was retrieved. This analysis identified Lys84 as a crucial residue for XPG activity by targeting its interaction with DNA. After molecular docking and virtual screening calculations, 61 small molecules were selected as potential XPG inhibitors, acquired from the ChemBridge database and then validated in H1299 cells, a NSCLC cell line exhibiting the highest ERCC5 expression. The MTS assay was performed as a first screening approach to determine whether these potential inhibitors could enhance cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Overall, among the eight compounds identified as the most promising, three of them revealed to significantly increase the impact of cisplatin. The inherent cytotoxicity of these compounds was further investigated in a non-tumoral lung cell line (BEAS-2B cells), which resulted in the identification of two non-cytotoxic candidates to be used in combination with cisplatin in order to improve its efficacy in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Manguinhas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Patrícia A. Serra
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.A.S.)
- Lung Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre (CCC), Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gil
- Lung Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre (CCC), Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Nuno G. Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.A.S.)
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14
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Di Carlo E, Sorrentino C. Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Tumors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1109. [PMID: 39334768 PMCID: PMC11428699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which are produced by several endogenous and exogenous processes, and antioxidant defenses consisting of exogenous and endogenous molecules that protect biological systems from free radical toxicity. Oxidative stress is a major factor in the aging process, contributing to the accumulation of cellular damage over time. Oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules, leads to DNA alterations, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in cellular senescence, immune system and tissue dysfunctions, and increased susceptibility to age-related pathologies, such as inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Oxidative stress-driven DNA damage and mutations, or methylation and histone modification, which alter gene expression, are key determinants of tumor initiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic damage, to which oxidative stress contributes, eventually leads to unrestrained cell proliferation, the inhibition of cell differentiation, and the evasion of cell death, providing favorable conditions for tumorigenesis. Colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, and skin cancers are the most frequent aging-associated malignancies, and oxidative stress is implicated in their pathogenesis and biological behavior. Our aim is to shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that link oxidative stress, aging, and cancers, highlighting the impact of both RONS and antioxidants, provided by diet and exercise, on cellular senescence, immunity, and development of an antitumor response. The dual role of ROS as physiological regulators of cell signaling responsible for cell damage and diseases, as well as its use for anti-tumor therapeutic purposes, will also be discussed. Managing oxidative stress is crucial for promoting healthy aging and reducing the risk of age-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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15
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Alyafeai E, Qaed E, Al-Mashriqi HS, Almaamari A, Almansory AH, Futini FA, Sultan M, Tang Z. Molecular dynamics of DNA repair and carcinogen interaction: Implications for cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic strategies. Mutat Res 2024; 829:111883. [PMID: 39265237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the genetic material in human cells is continuously challenged by environmental agents and endogenous stresses. Among these, environmental carcinogens are pivotal in initiating complex DNA lesions that can lead to malignant transformations if not properly repaired. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular dynamics of DNA repair mechanisms and their interplay with various environmental carcinogens, providing a comprehensive overview of how these interactions contribute to cancer initiation and progression. We examine key DNA repair pathways including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and double-strand break repair and their regulatory networks, highlighting how defects in these pathways can exacerbate carcinogen-induced damage. Further, we discuss how understanding these molecular interactions offers novel insights into potential therapeutic strategies. This includes leveraging synthetic lethality concepts and designing targeted therapies that exploit specific DNA repair vulnerabilities in cancer cells. By integrating recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, and oncology, this review aims to illuminate the complex landscape of DNA repair and carcinogen-induced carcinogenesis, setting the stage for future research and therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alyafeai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Collage of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Ahmed Almaamari
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Anisa H Almansory
- Biological department, Faculty of Science, University of Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Fatima Al Futini
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science & Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia
| | - Marwa Sultan
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Collage of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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16
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Mirzayans R, Murray D. Amitotic Cell Division, Malignancy, and Resistance to Anticancer Agents: A Tribute to Drs. Walen and Rajaraman. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3106. [PMID: 39272964 PMCID: PMC11394378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division is crucial for the survival of living organisms. Human cells undergo three types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis, and amitosis. The former two types occur in somatic cells and germ cells, respectively. Amitosis involves nuclear budding and occurs in cells that exhibit abnormal nuclear morphology (e.g., polyploidy) with increased cell size. In the early 2000s, Kirsten Walen and Rengaswami Rajaraman and his associates independently reported that polyploid human cells are capable of producing progeny via amitotic cell division, and that a subset of emerging daughter cells proliferate rapidly, exhibit stem cell-like properties, and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Polyploid cells that arise in solid tumors/tumor-derived cell lines are referred to as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and are known to contribute to therapy resistance and disease recurrence following anticancer treatment. This commentary provides an update on some of these intriguing discoveries as a tribute to Drs. Walen and Rajaraman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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17
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Incorvaia L, Bazan Russo TD, Gristina V, Perez A, Brando C, Mujacic C, Di Giovanni E, Bono M, Contino S, Ferrante Bannera C, Vitale MC, Gottardo A, Peri M, Galvano A, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, Russo A, Bazan V. The intersection of homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways in DNA repair-defective tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:190. [PMID: 39237751 PMCID: PMC11377838 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) defects are driver mutational imprints and actionable biomarkers in DNA repair-defective tumors. Although usually thought as mutually exclusive pathways, recent preclinical and clinical research provide preliminary evidence of a functional crosslink and crosstalk between HRR and MMR. Shared core proteins are identified as key players in both pathways, broadening the concept of DNA repair mechanism exclusivity in specific tumor types. These observations may result in unexplored forms of synthetic lethality or hypermutable tumor phenotypes, potentially impacting the cancer risk management, and considerably expanding in the future the therapeutic window for DNA repair-defective tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Clarissa Mujacic
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Di Giovanni
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bono
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Contino
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Ferrante Bannera
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Vitale
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Gottardo
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Peri
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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18
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Daisy Precilla S, Biswas I, Anitha TS, Agieshkumar B. Microproteins unveiling new dimensions in cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:152. [PMID: 39223429 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the complex landscape of cancer biology, the discovery of microproteins has triggered a paradigm shift, thereby, challenging the conventional conceptions of gene regulation. Though overlooked for years, these entities encoded by the small open reading frames (100-150 codons), have a significant impact on various cellular processes. As precision medicine pioneers delve deeper into the genome and proteome, microproteins have come into the limelight. Typically characterized by a single protein domain that directly binds to the target protein complex and regulates their assembly, these microproteins have been shown to play a key role in fundamental biological processes such as RNA processing, DNA repair, and metabolism regulation. Techniques for identification and characterization, such as ribosome profiling and proteogenomic approaches, have unraveled unique mechanisms by which these microproteins regulate cell signaling or pathological processes in most diseases including cancer. However, the functional relevance of these microproteins in cancer remains unclear. In this context, the current review aims to "rethink the essence of these genes" and explore "how these hidden players-microproteins orchestrate the signaling cascades of cancer, both as accelerators and brakes.".
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Affiliation(s)
- S Daisy Precilla
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607 402, India.
| | - Indrani Biswas
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607 402, India
| | - T S Anitha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - B Agieshkumar
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607 402, India
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19
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Zhang W, Ran Y, Yang M, Hu Y, Wang Z, Cao Y, Ran H. An Oxidative Stress Nano-Amplifier for Improved Tumor Elimination and Combined Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402349. [PMID: 39221686 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Amplifying oxidative stress to disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis can accelerate tumor cell death. In this work, an oxidative stress amplifier (PP@T) is prepared for enhanced tumor oxidation therapy to reduce tumor growth and metastases. The nano-amplifier has been successfully constructed by embedding MTH1 inhibitor (TH588) in the PDA-coated porphyrin metal-organic framework PCN-224. The controllable-released TH588 is demonstrated from pores can hinder MTH1-mediated damage-repairing process by preventing the hydrolysis of 8-oxo-dG, thereby amplifying oxidative stress and exacerbating the oxidative DNA damage induced by the sonodynamic therapy of PP@T under ultrasound irradiation. Furthermore, PP@T can effectively induce immunogenic cell death to trigger systemic anti-tumor immune response. When administered in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, PP@T not only impedes the progression of the primary tumor but also achieves obvious antimetastasis in breast cancer murine models, including orthotopic and artificial whole-body metastasis models. Furthermore, the nanoplatform also provides photoacoustic imaging for in vivo treatment guidance. In conclusion, by amplifying oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species sensitized immunotherapy, this image-guided nanosystem shows potential for highly specific, effective combined therapy against tumor cells with negligible side-effects to normal cells which will provide a new insight for precise tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yijun Ran
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
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20
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Haas R, Frame G, Khan S, Neilsen BK, Hong BH, Yeo CPX, Yamaguchi TN, Ong EHW, Zhao W, Carlin B, Yeo ELL, Tan KM, Bugh YZ, Zhu C, Hugh-White R, Livingstone J, Poon DJJ, Chu PL, Patel Y, Tao S, Ignatchenko V, Kurganovs NJ, Higgins GS, Downes MR, Loblaw A, Vesprini D, Kishan AU, Chua MLK, Kislinger T, Boutros PC, Liu SK. The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2463-2479. [PMID: 39166898 PMCID: PMC11411600 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently treated with radiotherapy. Unfortunately, aggressive radioresistant relapses can arise, and the molecular underpinnings of radioresistance are unknown. Modern clinical radiotherapy is evolving to deliver higher doses of radiation in fewer fractions (hypofractionation). We therefore analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to characterize prostate cancer radioresistance in cells treated with both conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated radiotherapy. Independent of fractionation schedule, resistance to radiotherapy involved massive genomic instability and abrogation of DNA mismatch repair. Specific prostate cancer driver genes were modulated at the RNA and protein levels, with distinct protein subcellular responses to radiotherapy. Conventional fractionation led to a far more aggressive biomolecular response than hypofractionation. Testing preclinical candidates identified in cell lines, we revealed POLQ (DNA Polymerase Theta) as a radiosensitizer. POLQ-modulated radioresistance in model systems and was predictive of it in large patient cohorts. The molecular response to radiation is highly multimodal and sheds light on prostate cancer lethality. SIGNIFICANCE Radiation is standard of care in prostate cancer. Yet, we have little understanding of its failure. We demonstrate a new paradigm that radioresistance is fractionation specific and identified POLQ as a radioresistance modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Haas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gavin Frame
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Boon Hao Hong
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celestia P X Yeo
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Enya H W Ong
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Carlin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugenia L L Yeo
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kah Min Tan
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Zhe Bugh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rupert Hugh-White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis J J Poon
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pek Lim Chu
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yash Patel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shu Tao
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Geoff S Higgins
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle R Downes
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melvin L K Chua
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Zhao H, Han Y, Zhou P, Guan H, Gao S. Protein lysine crotonylation in cellular processions and disease associations. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101060. [PMID: 38957707 PMCID: PMC11217610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is one conserved form of posttranslational modifications of proteins, which plays an important role in a series of cellular physiological and pathological processes. Lysine ε-amino groups are the primary sites of such modification, resulting in four-carbon planar lysine crotonylation that is structurally and functionally distinct from the acetylation of these residues. High levels of Kcr modifications have been identified on both histone and non-histone proteins. The present review offers an update on the research progression regarding protein Kcr modifications in biomedical contexts and provides a discussion of the mechanisms whereby Kcr modification governs a range of biological processes. In addition, given the importance of protein Kcr modification in disease onset and progression, the potential viability of Kcr regulators as therapeutic targets is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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22
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He R, Zhou W. Application and research progress of cordycepin in the treatment of tumours (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:161. [PMID: 38994776 PMCID: PMC11258602 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is a nucleoside molecule found in Cordyceps sinensis and can be obtained through chemical synthesis and biotransformation. Cordycepin has been extensively studied and has been shown to have antitumour activity. This activity includes effects on the autophagy process and inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and Hedgehog pathways. Ultimately, the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on tumour cells is due to the interplay of these effects. Cordycepin was shown to enhance the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy. There is increasing evidence indicating that cordycepin plays an anticancer role in the treatment of various cancers. The present review aims to provide a clear understanding of the antitumour mechanisms of cordycepin and discuss its present application in the treatment of tumours. This information can be an important theoretical basis and provide clinical guidance for the further development of cordycepin as an antitumour drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang H, Lu W, Qiu L, Li S, Qiu L, He M, Chen X, Wang J, Fang J, Zhong C, Lan M, Xu X, Zhou Y. Circ_0025373 inhibits carbon black nanoparticles-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by affecting DNA damage through binding to MSH2. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 191:109001. [PMID: 39284259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) have been demonstrated to induce DNA damage in epithelial cells. However, the potential of the damage to initiate carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. Therefore, we constructed an in vitro model of malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE-T) by treating 40 μg/mL CBNPs for 120 passages. We observed tumor-like transformation and sustained DNA damage. Using transcriptome sequencing and RIP-seq, we identified the overexpression of the critical DNA mismatch repair genes MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) and its related circular RNA, circ_0025373, in the 16HBE-T cells. Mechanistically, circ_0025373 was found to inhibit DNA damage by binding to MSH2, thereby modifying its expression and influencing its nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution, which lead to inhibition of CBNP-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings provide novel evidence on the carcinogenicity of CBNPs, and offer biological insights into the potential epigenetic regulation and potential therapeutic targets for lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lan Qiu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Saifeng Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Liqiu Qiu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mengnan He
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jingwen Fang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chenghui Zhong
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Meiqi Lan
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaole Xu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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24
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Ji N, Li H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang P, Chen X, Liu YN, Wang JQ, Yang Y, Chen ZS, Li Y, Wang R, Kong D. Lansoprazole (LPZ) reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer through impeding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-mediated chemotherapeutic drug efflux and lysosomal sequestration. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 76:101100. [PMID: 38885537 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Lansoprazole is one of the many proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that acts more strongly with ABCB1 and ABCG2. The present study is to investigate the potential of lansoprazole on reversal of ABCB1/G2-mediated MDR in cancer, in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Reversal studies and combination evaluation were conducted to determine the synergistic anti-MDR effects on lansoprazole. Lysosomal staining was used to determination of lansoprazole on ABCB1-mediated lysosomal sequestration. Substrate accumulation and efflux assays, ATPase activity, and molecular docking were conducted to evaluate lansoprazole on ABCB1/G2 functions. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect lansoprazole on ABCB1/G2 expression and subcellular localization. MDR nude mice models were established to evaluate the effects of lansoprazole on MDR in vivo. RESULTS Lansoprazole attenuated ABCB1/G2-mediated MDR and exhibited synergistic effects with substrate drugs in MDR cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that lansoprazole attenuated ABCB1/G2-mediated MDR and exhibited synergistic effects that augmented the sensitivity of substrate anticancer drugs in ABCB1/G2-mediated settings without obvious toxicity. Lansoprazole impeded lysosomal sequestration mediated by ABCB1, leading to a substantial increase in intracellular accumulation of substrate drugs. The effects of lansoprazole were not attributable to downregulation or alterations in subcellular localization of ABCB1/G2. Lansoprazole promoted the ATPase activity of ABCB1/G2 and competitively bound to the substrate-binding region of ABCB1/G2. CONCLUSIONS These findings present novel therapeutic avenues whereby the combination of lansoprazole and chemotherapeutic agents mitigates MDR mediated by ABCB1/G2 overexpression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Lansoprazole/pharmacology
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Proton Pump Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi-Nan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yueguo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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25
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Choi SH, Kim DY. Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment through YAP/TAZ under Tumor Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3030. [PMID: 39272887 PMCID: PMC11394240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hypoxia is one of the important mechanisms of cancer development that closely influences cancer development, survival, and metastasis. The development of treatments for cancer was temporarily revolutionized by immunotherapy but continues to be constrained by limited response rates and the resistance and high costs required for the development of new and innovative strategies. In particular, solid tumors, including HCC, a multi-vascular tumor type, are sensitive to hypoxia and generate many blood vessels for metastasis and development, making it difficult to treat HCC, not only with immunotherapy but also with drugs targeting blood vessels. Therefore, in order to develop a treatment strategy for hypoxic tumors, various mechanisms must be explored and analyzed to treat these impregnable solid tumors. To date, tumor growth mechanisms linked to hypoxia are known to be complex and coexist with various signal pathways, but recently, mechanisms related to the Hippo signal pathway are emerging. Interestingly, Hippo YAP/TAZ, which appear during early tumor and normal tumor growth, and YAP/TAZ, which appear during hypoxia, help tumor growth and proliferation in different directions. Peculiarly, YAP/TAZ, which have different phosphorylation directions in the hypoxic environment of tumors, are involved in cancer proliferation and metastasis in various carcinomas, including HCC. Analyzing the mechanisms that regulate the function and expression of YAP in addition to HIF in the complex hypoxic environment of tumors may lead to a variety of anti-cancer strategies and combining HIF and YAP/TAZ may develop the potential to change the landscape of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Choi
- Institute of Health & Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Liver Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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26
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Xu S, Zheng Y, Ye M, Shen T, Zhang D, Li Z, Lu Z. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis reveals EPHB2 is a novel predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1064. [PMID: 39198775 PMCID: PMC11351591 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have increasingly linked Ephrin receptor B2 (EPHB2) to cancer progression. However, comprehensive investigations into the immunological roles and prognostic significance of EPHB2 across various cancers remain lacking. METHODS We employed various databases and bioinformatics tools to investigate the impact of EPHB2 on prognosis, immune infiltration, genome instability, and response to immunotherapy. Validation of the correlation between EPHB2 expression and M2 macrophages included analyses using bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets, spatial transcriptomics, and multi-fluorescence staining. Moreover, we performed cMap web tool to screen for EPHB2-targeted compounds and assessed their potential through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Additionally, in vitro validation using lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines was conducted to confirm the bioinformatics predictions about EPHB2. RESULTS EPHB2 dysregulation was observed across multiple cancer types, where it demonstrated significant diagnostic and prognostic value. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that EPHB2 is involved in enhancing cellular proliferation, invasiveness of cancer cells, and modulation of the anti-cancer immune response. Furthermore, it is emerged as a pan-cancer marker for M2 macrophage infiltration, supported by integrated analyses of transcriptomics and multiple fluorescence staining. In LUAD cells, knockdown of EPHB2 expression led to a decrease in both cell proliferation and migratory activity. CONCLUSION EPHB2 expression may serve as a pivotal indicator of M2 macrophage infiltration, offering vital insights into tumor dynamics and progression across various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma, highlighting its significant prognostic and therapeutic potential for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengshan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zumei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Doria-Borrell P, Pérez-García V. Understanding the intersection between placental development and cancer: Lessons from the tumor suppressor BAP1. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1053. [PMID: 39191942 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta, a pivotal organ in mammalian reproduction, allows nutrient exchange and hormonal signaling between the mother and the developing fetus. Understanding its molecular intricacies is essential for deciphering normal embryonic development and pathological conditions such as tumorigenesis. Here, we explore the multifaceted role of the tumor suppressor BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) in cancer and placentation. Initially recognized for its tumor-suppressive properties, BAP1 has emerged as a key regulator at the intersection of tumorigenesis and placental development. BAP1 influences crucial cellular processes such as cell death, proliferation, metabolism, and response to hypoxic conditions. By integrating insights from tumor and developmental biology, we illuminate the complex molecular pathways orchestrated by BAP1. This perspective highlights BAP1's significant impact on both cancer and placental development, and suggests novel therapeutic strategies that could improve outcomes for pregnancy disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Bai YR, Yang WG, Jia R, Sun JS, Shen DD, Liu HM, Yuan S. The recent advance and prospect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39180380 DOI: 10.1002/med.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapies are commonly used in cancer therapy, their applications are limited to low specificity, severe adverse reactions, and long-term medication-induced drug resistance. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a novel class of antitumor drugs developed to solve these intractable problems based on the mechanism of DNA damage repair, which have been widely applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers through inducing synthetic lethal effect and trapping PARP-DNA complex in BRCA gene mutated cancer cells. In recent years, PARP inhibitors have been widely used in combination with various first-line chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors to expand the scope of clinical application. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying the drug resistance to PARP inhibitors, including the restoration of homologous recombination, stabilization of DNA replication forks, overexpression of drug efflux protein, and epigenetic modifications pose great challenges and desirability in the development of novel PARP inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism, structure-activity relationship, and multidrug resistance associated with the representative PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, we aim to provide insights into the development prospects and emerging trends to offer guidance for the clinical application and inspiration for the development of novel PARP inhibitors and degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ju-Shan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Gynecology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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29
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Zou T, Liu JY, Liu ZQ, Xiao D, Chen J. The Role of ADCY1 in Regulating the Sensitivity of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in NSCLC. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1118. [PMID: 39338283 PMCID: PMC11434658 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest fatality rate among malignant tumors in the world. Finding new biomarkers of drug resistance is of great importance in the prognosis of lung cancer patients. We found that the polymorphisms of Adenylate Cyclase 1 (ADCY1) are significantly associated with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer patients in our previous research. In this study, we wanted to identify the mechanism of ADCY1 affecting platinum resistance. We used an MTT assay to find if the expression of ADCY1 is associated with the sensitivity of cisplatin in A549, H1299, and A549-DDP cells. Then, we performed CCK-8 tests to detect the absorbance of these cells stimulated by ADCY1, which can discover the cell proliferation that is affected by ADCY1. We investigated cell apoptosis and cell cycles regulated by ADCY1 through the flow cytometry assay. RNA sequencing was used to find the downstream genes affected by ADCY1 which may be associated with drug resistance in lung cancer patients. ADCY1 has higher expression in lung cancer cells than in normal cells. ADCY1 can affect cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells by regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and the cell cycle. It may control cell apoptosis by regulating the classical apoptosis biomarkers Bax and Bcl2. Our study showed that ADCY1 may be a new biomarker in the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Much work remains to be carried out to clarify the mechanism in this important emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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30
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Barszczewska-Pietraszek G, Czarny P, Drzewiecka M, Błaszczyk M, Radek M, Synowiec E, Wigner-Jeziorska P, Sitarek P, Szemraj J, Skorski T, Śliwiński T. Polθ Inhibitor (ART558) Demonstrates a Synthetic Lethal Effect with PARP and RAD52 Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9134. [PMID: 39273083 PMCID: PMC11395082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA repair proteins became the popular targets in research on cancer treatment. In our studies we hypothesized that inhibition of DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) and its combination with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) or RAD52 inhibition and the alkylating drug temozolomide (TMZ) has an anticancer effect on glioblastoma cells (GBM21), whereas it has a low impact on normal human astrocytes (NHA). The effect of the compounds was assessed by analysis of cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, DNA damage and cell cycle distribution, as well as gene expression. The main results show that Polθ inhibition causes a significant decrease in glioblastoma cell viability. It induces apoptosis, which is accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation and DNA damage. Moreover, the effect was stronger when dual inhibition of Polθ with PARP1 or RAD52 was applied, and it is further enhanced by addition of TMZ. The impact on normal cells is much lower, especially when considering cell viability and DNA damage. In conclusion, we would like to highlight that Polθ inhibition used in combination with PARP1 or RAD52 inhibition has great potential to kill glioblastoma cells, and shows a synthetic lethal effect, while sparing normal astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Drzewiecka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Błaszczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery of Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital WAM-CSW, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Radek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery of Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital WAM-CSW, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner-Jeziorska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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31
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Taibi M, Elbouzidi A, Haddou M, Baraich A, Ou-Yahia D, Bellaouchi R, Mothana RA, Al-Yousef HM, Asehraou A, Addi M, Guerrouj BE, Chaabane K. Evaluation of the Interaction between Carvacrol and Thymol, Major Compounds of Ptychotis verticillata Essential Oil: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities against Breast Cancer Lines. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1037. [PMID: 39202779 PMCID: PMC11355195 DOI: 10.3390/life14081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of thymol, carvacrol, and their equimolar mixture. Antioxidant activities were assessed using the DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC methods. The thymol/carvacrol mixture exhibited significant synergism, surpassing the individual compounds and ascorbic acid in DPPH (IC50 = 43.82 ± 2.41 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 23.29 ± 0.71 µg/mL) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inhibiting the 5-LOX, COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes. The equimolar mixture showed the strongest inhibition of 5-LOX (IC50 = 8.46 ± 0.92 µg/mL) and substantial inhibition of COX-1 (IC50 = 15.23 ± 2.34 µg/mL) and COX-2 (IC50 = 14.53 ± 2.42 µg/mL), indicating a synergistic effect. Anticancer activity was tested on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436 breast cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The thymol/carvacrol mixture demonstrated superior cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.92-1.70 µg/mL) and increased selectivity compared to cisplatin, with high selectivity indices (144.88-267.71). These results underscore the promising therapeutic potential of the thymol/carvacrol combination, particularly for its synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties against breast cancer. This study paves the way for developing natural therapies against breast cancer and other conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, leveraging the synergistic effects of natural compounds like thymol and carvacrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (M.H.); (B.E.G.); (K.C.)
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (M.H.); (B.E.G.); (K.C.)
| | - Mounir Haddou
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (M.H.); (B.E.G.); (K.C.)
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Baraich
- Department of Biological Engineering, IUT Saint-Brieuc, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.B.); (D.O.-Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Douaae Ou-Yahia
- Department of Biological Engineering, IUT Saint-Brieuc, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.B.); (D.O.-Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (H.M.A.-Y.)
| | - Hanan M. Al-Yousef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (H.M.A.-Y.)
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Department of Biological Engineering, IUT Saint-Brieuc, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.B.); (D.O.-Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (M.H.); (B.E.G.); (K.C.)
| | - Bouchra El Guerrouj
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (M.H.); (B.E.G.); (K.C.)
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Chaabane
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (M.H.); (B.E.G.); (K.C.)
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Li H, Shi Y, Li Y, Wu S, Yang R, Liu Q, Sun L. DNA damage response-related signatures characterize the immune landscape and predict the prognosis of HCC via integrating single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112475. [PMID: 38909498 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are significantly affected by DNA damage response (DDR). Exploring DDR-related biomarkers can help predict the prognosis and immune characteristics of HCC. METHODS First, the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset GSE242889 was processed and performed manual annotation. Then we found the marker genes of DDR-active subgroups based on "AUCell" algorithm. The "Limma" R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and normal samples of HCC. The risk prognostic model was constructed by filtering genes using univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. Finally, the signatures were analyzed for immune infiltration, gene mutation, and drug sensitivity. Last but not least, KPNA2, which had the largest coefficient in our model was validated by experiments including western blot, MTT, colony formation and γ-H2AX assays. RESULTS We constructed a prognostic model based on 5 DDR marker genes including KIF2C, CDC20, KPNA2, UBE2S and ADH1B for HCC. We also proved that the model had an excellent performance in both training and validation cohorts. Patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis, different immune features, gene mutation frequency, immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity compared with the low-risk group. Besides, our experimental results proved that KPNA2 was up-regulated in liver cancer cells than in hepatocytes. More importantly, the knockdown of KPNA2 significantly inhibited cell variability, proliferation and promoted DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS We innovatively integrated scRNA-seq and bulk RNA sequencing to construct the DDR-related prognostic model. Our model could effectively predict the prognosis, immune landscape and therapy response of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ruida Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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33
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Gao B, Yang K, Yang M, Li W, Jiang T, Gao R, Pei Y, Pei Z, Lv Y. A nanoplatform based on allylthiopurine bio-MOF and glycosylated AIE PARP inhibitor for cancer synthetic lethal therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8892-8895. [PMID: 39086281 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02944e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A biological nanoplatform (Gal-ANI@ZnAP NPs) was constructed based on a prodrug-skeletal metal-organic framework (MOF) using purine nucleobase analogue prodrug 6-allylthiopurine as a bioactive ligand, and functionalized with AIE fluorescent PARP inhibitor glycoconjugate for visualization therapy and synthetic lethal cancer therapy. This nanoplatform could actively target cancer cells, selectively release drugs in response to esterase/pH, and visualize drug uptake. In vitro studies revealed that Gal-ANI@ZnAP NPs increased the synthetic lethality in cancer cells by inducing DNA repair failure with the simultaneous targeting of PARP and nucleotide metabolism, thereby exhibiting a significant cancer-killing effect. The study presents a novel strategy to construct an AIE nanoplatform using pharmaceutical molecules for drug uptake visualization and boosting synthetic lethality in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Manman Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Wendong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Tingli Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Yinghua Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
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Cao J, Zhang H, Xie X, Wang W. Expression Analysis of VPS72 and Associated Biological Behaviors in Colon Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3433-3442. [PMID: 39135633 PMCID: PMC11318599 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s465064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background VPS72 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer, participating in various cellular processes such as gene transcription, replication, DNA repair, maintenance of genome integrity, and cancer progression. However, its role in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Methods Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze gene expression, correlation and patient survival. Western blotting, colony formation assays and animal experiments were used to evaluate the function of VPS72 in colon cancer in vivo and in vitro. Results VPS72 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues and correlated with poor overall survival (P<0.05) and relapse free survival (P<0.01). Furthermore, patients with III/IV clinical stage (P<0.001), N1 nodal metastasis (P<0.001) or N2 nodal metastasis (P<0.05) status had poor overall survival. Further analysis showed that VPS72 is correlated with proliferation and EMT biomarkers. Western blotting, colony formation assays and animal experiments showed that VPS72 overexpression promoted colon cancer proliferation and EMT progress. Conclusion Our study found that VPS72 was correlated with poor overall survival in colon cancer patients, and high expressed level of VPS72 promoted colon cancer progression, indicating its role as a potential prognosis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
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Winter RC, Amghar M, Wacker AS, Bakos G, Taş H, Roscher M, Kelly JM, Benešová-Schäfer M. Future Treatment Strategies for Cancer Patients Combining Targeted Alpha Therapy with Pillars of Cancer Treatment: External Beam Radiation Therapy, Checkpoint Inhibition Immunotherapy, Cytostatic Chemotherapy, and Brachytherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1031. [PMID: 39204136 PMCID: PMC11359268 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex and challenging human diseases, with rising incidences and cancer-related deaths despite improved diagnosis and personalized treatment options. Targeted alpha therapy (TαT) offers an exciting strategy emerging for cancer treatment which has proven effective even in patients with advanced metastatic disease that has become resistant to other treatments. Yet, in many cases, more sophisticated strategies are needed to stall disease progression and overcome resistance to TαT. The combination of two or more therapies which have historically been used as stand-alone treatments is an approach that has been pursued in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview on TαT and the four main pillars of therapeutic strategies in cancer management, namely external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), cytostatic chemotherapy (CCT), and brachytherapy (BT), and to discuss their potential use in combination with TαT. A brief description of each therapy is followed by a review of known biological aspects and state-of-the-art treatment practices. The emphasis, however, is given to the motivation for combination with TαT as well as the pre-clinical and clinical studies conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Christine Winter
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy/Translational Radiotheranostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.C.W.); (M.A.); (G.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Mariam Amghar
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy/Translational Radiotheranostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.C.W.); (M.A.); (G.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Anja S. Wacker
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA; (A.S.W.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Gábor Bakos
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy/Translational Radiotheranostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.C.W.); (M.A.); (G.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Harun Taş
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy/Translational Radiotheranostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.C.W.); (M.A.); (G.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Service Unit for Radiopharmaceuticals and Preclinical Studies, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - James M. Kelly
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA; (A.S.W.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Martina Benešová-Schäfer
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy/Translational Radiotheranostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.C.W.); (M.A.); (G.B.); (H.T.)
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Albaqami WF, Alshamrani AA, Almubarak AA, Alotaibi FE, Alotaibi BJ, Alanazi AM, Alotaibi MR, Alhoshani A, As Sobeai HM. Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers Associated with Early Relapse in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Focused Bioinformatics Study on DNA-Repair Genes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1766. [PMID: 39200230 PMCID: PMC11351110 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is one of the main drivers of tumorigenesis and the development of hematological malignancies. Cancer cells can remedy chemotherapeutic-induced DNA damage by upregulating DNA-repair genes and ultimately inducing therapy resistance. Nevertheless, the association between the DNA-repair genes, drug resistance, and disease relapse has not been well characterized in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to explore the role of the DNA-repair machinery and the molecular mechanisms by which it is regulated in early- and late-relapsing pediatric ALL patients. We performed secondary data analysis on the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET)-ALL expansion phase II trial of 198 relapsed pediatric precursor B-cell ALL. Comprehensive genetic and epigenetic investigations of 147 DNA-repair genes were conducted in the study. Gene expression was assessed using Microarray and RNA-sequencing platforms. Genomic alternations, methylation status, and miRNA transcriptome were investigated for the candidate DNA-repair genes. We identified three DNA-repair genes, ALKBH3, NHEJ1, and PARP1, that were upregulated in early relapsers compared to late relapsers (p < 0.05). Such upregulation at diagnosis was significantly associated with disease-free survival and overall survival in precursor-B-ALL (p < 0.05). Moreover, PARP1 upregulation accompanied a significant downregulation of its targeting miRNA, miR-1301-3p (p = 0.0152), which was strongly linked with poorer disease-free and overall survivals. Upregulation of DNA-repair genes, PARP1 in particular, increases the likelihood of early relapse of precursor-B-ALL in children. The observation that PARP1 was upregulated in early relapsers relative to late relapsers might serve as a valid rationale for proposing alternative treatment approaches, such as using PARP inhibitors with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa F. Albaqami
- Department of Science, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 31932, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali A. Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali A. Almubarak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Faris E. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Basil Jamal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Madinah 42523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moureq R. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Homood M. As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.E.A.); (B.J.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.A.); (A.A.)
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Gao H, Zhu J, Wu T, Long Q, Guan X, Chen Q, Yi W. Comprehensive pancancer analysis reveals that LPCAT1 is a novel predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-02010-y. [PMID: 39097858 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-02010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is a crucial enzyme involved in phospholipid metabolism and is essential for maintaining the structure and functionality of biofilms. However, a comprehensive examination of the role of LPCAT1 across various cancer types is lacking. Multiple public databases have been utilized to examine LPCAT1 expression, genetic alterations, methylation, prognosis, biological function, and its relationship with antitumor immunity in different cancer types. The function of LPCAT1 in glioma, breast cancer and liver cancer cells was further verified using in vitro experiments. Our research indicated that LPCAT1 is upregulated in various cancers and is accompanied by a wide range of amplification mutations. Higher LPCAT1 expression was associated with poorer prognosis across multiple cancers. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that interfering with LPCAT1 expression increased apoptosis in glioma, breast cancer and liver cancer cells and concurrently suppressed their proliferation and migration. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LPCAT1-associated genes were primarily enriched in immune and cancer progression pathways, such as the JAK/STAT, MYC, and EMT, etc. Moreover, LPCAT1 expression was closely associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint-related gene expression. Interestingly, LPCAT1 expression levels were generally higher in patients in the immunotherapy response group. The combination of LPCAT1 and PDL1 serves as an effective predictor of immunotherapy response. In conclusion, LPCAT1 is involved in immune regulation and tumor progression and holds promise as a biomarker for predicting patient outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qitong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Matin M, Joshi T, Wang D, Tzvetkov NT, Matin FB, Wierzbicka A, Jóźwik A, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Effects of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) on the Hallmarks of Aging. Biomolecules 2024; 14:940. [PMID: 39199328 PMCID: PMC11352747 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is broadly used as a traditional remedy and food ingredient, and numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated health benefits in a range of age-related disorders. Moreover, longevity-promoting effects have been demonstrated in several (preclinical) research models. With this work, we aimed to comprehensively review the reported effects of ginger and its bioactive constituents on the twelve established hallmarks of aging, with the ultimate goal of gaining a deeper understanding of the potential for future interventions in the area of longevity-extension and counteracting of aging-related diseases. The reviewed literature supports the favorable effects of ginger and some of its constituents on all twelve hallmarks of aging, with a particularly high number of animal research studies indicating counteraction of nutrient-sensing dysregulations, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. On this background, validation in human clinical trials is still insufficient or is entirely missing, with the exception of some studies indicating positive effects on deregulated nutrient-sensing, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. Thus, the existing body of literature clearly supports the potential of ginger to be further studied in clinical trials as a supplement for the promotion of both lifespan and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maima Matin
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.M.); (A.W.); (A.J.); (J.O.H.)
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, India;
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Farhan Bin Matin
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.M.); (A.W.); (A.J.); (J.O.H.)
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.M.); (A.W.); (A.J.); (J.O.H.)
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.M.); (A.W.); (A.J.); (J.O.H.)
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.M.); (A.W.); (A.J.); (J.O.H.)
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Guo H, Han Y, Yao S, Chen B, Zhao H, Jia J, Chen S, Liu Y, Gao S, Guan H, Lu J, Zhou PK. Decrotonylation of cGAS K254 prompts homologous recombination repair by blocking its DNA binding and releasing PARP1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107554. [PMID: 39002667 PMCID: PMC11345394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic DNA sensor, also exhibits nuclear genomic localization and is involved in DNA damage signaling. In this study, we investigated the impact of cGAS crotonylation on the regulation of the DNA damage response, particularly homologous recombination repair, following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Lysine 254 of cGAS is constitutively crotonylated by the CREB-binding protein; however, IR-induced DNA damage triggers sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)-mediated decrotonylation. Lysine 254 decrotonylation decreased the DNA-binding affinity of cGAS and inhibited its interaction with PARP1, promoting homologous recombination repair. Moreover, SIRT3 suppression led to homologous recombination repair inhibition and markedly sensitized cancer cells to IR and DNA-damaging chemicals, highlighting SIRT3 as a potential target for cancer therapy. Overall, this study revealed the crucial role of cGAS crotonylation in the DNA damage response. Furthermore, we propose that modulating cGAS and SIRT3 activities could be potential strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Guo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bijia Chen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Jia
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiation Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.
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Yao Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Cao L. Bioinformatics analysis and validation of HAUS6 as a key prognostic gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:106000. [PMID: 38759391 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of HAUS6 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (TSCC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of patients, and to further provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for curing TSCC. DESIGN The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TSCC and normal tissues and survival analysis. DEGs of HAUS6 were screened and analyzed for GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment. Exploring the correlation of HAUS6 with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint-related genes. The expression of HAUS6 in tumor and paraneoplastic tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. RESULTS Analysis of the TCGA database results showed that expression of HAUS6 mRNA was significantly enhanced and correlated with overall survival (OS, p < 0.05) in TSCC. HAUS6 expression correlated with the level of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint-related genes. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot confirmed that the expression level of HAUS6 protein was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in paraneoplastic tissues, and that tumor size and hypo-differentiation were higher in the HAUS6 high expression group than in the low expression group in TSCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these analyses suggest that HAUS6 can act as an independent predictor of prognosis (p < 0.05) and high HAUS6 expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pathology Teaching and Research Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Pathology Teaching and Research Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liyu Cao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Pathology Teaching and Research Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Sen A, Karati D. An insight into thymidylate synthase inhibitor as anticancer agents: an explicative review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5437-5448. [PMID: 38446215 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a widespread challenge to global health, remains a puzzle of intricate molecular dynamics. This review article delves into the mystery of cancer, with a keen focus on understanding the contributory role of thymidylate synthase (TS) in cancer. TS, a vital enzyme in DNA synthesis and repair, emerges as a significant player in the narrative of cancer development. The conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is a major step in producing DNA. Numerous malignancies, including those of the breast, colon, lung, and ovary, have been linked to dysregulation of TS activity. Overexpression or mutations of TS lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis molecular interactions and signalling pathways involving TS come under scrutiny, revealing the nuanced connections that propel its involvement in cancer progression. Beyond overexpression and mutations, there emerges a subtle layer of regulation that involves microRNAs (miRNAs). These tiny particles attach to the TS messenger RNA, causing translational repression or its degradation, which in turn affects TS activity. Moving towards the therapeutic realm, thymidylate synthase inhibition acts as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Targeting TS with small-molecule inhibitors could provide a novel approach to treat various cancers. By reducing the number of available nucleotides, TS inhibition would slow down or halt cancer cell division, thus depriving the tumor of the building blocks required for its proliferation and growth. The aim is to assess the viability and effectiveness of targeting TS to halt or slow down cancer progression. There is growing evidence that, in comparison to traditional TS inhibitors, few novel antifolate TS inhibitors are effective against a wider variety of neoplasms, such as lung carcinomas. It has been discovered that TS inhibitors increase cancer tissues' sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation, increasing their vulnerability to these treatments. This article aims to provide a comprehensive insight into TS, examining its cellular details, detailing the heterocyclic moieties and molecular foundations, and providing a promising future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aratrika Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
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Wu C, McLeod MC, Song Z, Chen H, Rose JB, Bhatia S, Gillis A. Exploring Disparities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Outcomes among Asian and Pacific Islander Subgroups. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2153-2162. [PMID: 39023120 PMCID: PMC11331565 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging malignancy with known disparities in outcomes across ethnicities. Studies specifically investigating PDAC in Asian populations are sparse, overlooking the rich diversity within this group. This research seeks to fill that gap by examining survival differences across the broad spectrum of Asian ethnicities, acknowledging the complexity and varied experiences within these communities. Utilizing the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2019, we categorized patients into East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander groups. Non-Asians or Pacific Islanders were excluded. Overall survival was analyzed using a Cox hazards model. The study consisted of 13,254 patients. Most patients were East Asian (59.4%, n = 7,866). Southeast Asians exhibited the poorest survival in unadjusted analysis (HR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.42; P < 0.001) compared with South Asians who exhibited the best survival. Multivariable analysis revealed significantly worse survival for East Asians and Pacific Islanders relative to South Asians, whereas Southeast Asians' results were not significantly different. Asian subgroup differences notably affect PDAC outcomes. Research on genetic and cultural aspects, especially in Southeast Asians, and tackling health disparities are crucial for enhancing survival in this diverse disease. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the significant survival disparities among Asian subgroups with pancreatic cancer, utilizing a large national database. By differentiating among East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander groups, it underscores the need for tailored research and healthcare approaches. Addressing these differences is essential for developing culturally sensitive interventions and potentially improving outcomes in a disease that uniquely affects these diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wu
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - M. Chandler McLeod
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Zhixing Song
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Herbert Chen
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - John Bart Rose
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Andrea Gillis
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Chen JH, Lin TH, Chien YC, Chen CY, Lin CT, Kuo WW, Chang WC. Aqueous Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Sensitize Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Cisplatin through BRCA1 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8424. [PMID: 39125994 PMCID: PMC11313253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum), a medicinal herb with antifungal and antiviral activities, has been found to prevent liver injury and liver fibrosis and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum (OGE) on improving the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in HCC cells. Proteomic identification and functional assays were used to uncover the critical molecules responsible for OGE-induced sensitization mechanisms. The antitumor activity of OGE in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug was evaluated in a mouse orthotopic tumor model, and serum biochemical tests were further utilized to validate liver function. OGE sensitized HCC cells to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Proteomic analysis and Western blotting validation revealed the sensitization effect of OGE, likely achieved through the inhibition of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1). Mechanically, OGE treatment resulted in BRCA1 protein instability and increased proteasomal degradation, thereby synergistically increasing cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Moreover, OGE effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion, modulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impaired stemness properties in HCC cells. The combinatorial use of OGE enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin and potentially restored liver function in a mouse orthotopic tumor model. Our findings may provide an alternate approach to improving chemotherapy efficacy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Huei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Tsai-Hui Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chuan Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chih-Tung Lin
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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Ma ZY, Ding XJ, Zhu ZZ, Chen Q, Wang DB, Qiao X, Xu JY. Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin bearing an EMT-related TMEM16A/COX-2-selective dual inhibitor against colorectal cancer cells HCT116. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00327f. [PMID: 39185449 PMCID: PMC11342162 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the over-expression of TMEM16A and COX-2, offering a promising therapeutic strategy. Two Pt(iv) conjugates derived from Pt(ii) drug (cisplatin or oxaliplatin) and niflumic acid, complexes 1 and 2, were designed and prepared to exert the positive impact of multiple biological targets of DNA/TMEM16A/COX-2 against colorectal cancer. Complex 2 afforded higher cytotoxicity than 1 and the combination of an intermediate of oxidized oxaliplatin and NFA against cancer cells A549, HeLa, MCF-7, and HCT116. Especially for colorectal cancer cells HCT116, 2 was significantly more toxic (22-fold) and selective to cancer cells against normal HUVEC cells (4-fold) than first-line oxaliplatin. The outstanding anticancer activity of 2 is partly attributed to its dramatic increase in cellular uptake, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that 2 inhibited HCT116 cell metastasis by triggering TMEM16A, COX-2, and their downstream signaling pathways, including EGFR, STAT3, E-cadherin and N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ying Ma
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ding
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Dong-Bo Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China
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Jiang J, Sun M, Wang Y, Huang W, Xia L. Deciphering the roles of the HMGB family in cancer: Insights from subcellular localization dynamics. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 78:85-104. [PMID: 39019664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The high-mobility group box (HMGB) family consists of four DNA-binding proteins that regulate chromatin structure and function. In addition to their intracellular functions, recent studies have revealed their involvement as extracellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), contributing to immune responses and tumor development. The HMGB family promotes tumorigenesis by modulating multiple processes including proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Due to the predominant focus on HMGB1 in the literature, little is known about the remaining members of this family. This review summarizes the structural, distributional, as well as functional similarities and distinctions among members of the HMGB family, followed by a comprehensive exploration of their roles in tumor development. We emphasize the distributional and functional hierarchy of the HMGB family at both the organizational and subcellular levels, with a focus on their relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), aiming to prospect potential strategies for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, China.
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Tu Y, Gong J, Mou J, Jiang H, Zhao H, Gao J. Strategies for the development of stimuli-responsive small molecule prodrugs for cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1434137. [PMID: 39144632 PMCID: PMC11322083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1434137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Approved anticancer drugs typically face challenges due to their narrow therapeutic window, primarily because of high systemic toxicity and limited selectivity for tumors. Prodrugs are initially inactive drug molecules designed to undergo specific chemical modifications. These modifications render the drugs inactive until they encounter specific conditions or biomarkers in vivo, at which point they are converted into active drug molecules. This thoughtful design significantly improves the efficacy of anticancer drug delivery by enhancing tumor specificity and minimizing off-target effects. Recent advancements in prodrug design have focused on integrating these strategies with delivery systems like liposomes, micelles, and polymerosomes to further improve targeting and reduce side effects. This review outlines strategies for designing stimuli-responsive small molecule prodrugs focused on cancer treatment, emphasizing their chemical structures and the mechanisms controlling drug release. By providing a comprehensive overview, we aim to highlight the potential of these innovative approaches to revolutionize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Tu
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianbao Gong
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Mou
- Department of Neonatology, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiake Gao
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Lu J, Chen D, Shen Z, Gao L, Kang M. Impact of radiotherapy on second primary lung cancer incidence and survival in esophageal cancer survivors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17720. [PMID: 39085347 PMCID: PMC11291913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer, ranked as the seventh most common cancer globally, encompasses squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Despite advancements in treatment modalities like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, radiotherapy, while crucial for enhancing local control and survival, poses risks for long-term side effects and the development of second primary malignancies (SPM), notably Second primary lung cancer (SPLC). This study aims to analyze the incidence of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) among esophageal cancer survivors, with a focus on the influence of radiotherapy, analyze variations across different demographic and clinical subgroups, and assess patient survival outcomes. Using data from the Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program on 56,493 esophageal cancer patients (2000-2020), we compared SPLC incidence in those with and without prior radiotherapy. We applied a competing risks framework, propensity score matching (PSM), and survival analyses to assess SPLC risk and radiotherapy's impact. The study showed that patients treated with radiotherapy have a significantly higher long-term risk of SPLC compared to those without it. Radiotherapy significantly raised SPLC risk (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06-1.88), with higher SIRs particularly in younger patients and females. Post-PSM, there were significant differences in cancer-specific survival between esophageal cancer survivors with post-radiotherapy SPLC and those with only primary lung cancer. This cohort study shows that radiotherapy in esophageal cancer survivors increases SPLC risk but does not worsen survival compared to those with OPLC, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China
| | - Dinghang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Thoracic Tumors of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China.
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Thoracic Tumors of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China.
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Thoracic Tumors of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.
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Yan Y, Su L, Huang S, He Q, Lu J, Luo H, Xu K, Yang G, Huang S, Chi H. Circadian rhythms and breast cancer: unraveling the biological clock's role in tumor microenvironment and ageing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1444426. [PMID: 39139571 PMCID: PMC11319165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1444426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies among women worldwide. Circadian rhythms have emerged in recent studies as being involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which the dysregulation of the circadian genes impacts the development of BC, focusing on the critical clock genes, brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK). We discussed how the circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) changes the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune responses, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The CRD compromises immune surveillance and features and activities of immune effectors, including CD8+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages, that are important in an effective anti-tumor response. Meanwhile, in this review, we discuss bidirectional interactions: age and circadian rhythms, aging further increases the risk of breast cancer through reduced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), affecting suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronization, reduced ability to repair damaged DNA, and weakened immunity. These complex interplays open new avenues toward targeted therapies by the combination of clock drugs with chronotherapy to potentiate the immune response while reducing tumor progression for better breast cancer outcomes. This review tries to cover the broad area of emerging knowledge on the tumor-immune nexus affected by the circadian rhythm in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanqian Su
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qihui He
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiaan Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Luo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Shangke Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Zin I, China A, Khan K, Nag JK, Vasu K, Deshpande GM, Ghosh PK, Khan D, Ramachandiran I, Ganguly S, Tamagno I, Willard B, Gogonea V, Fox PL. AKT-dependent nuclear localization of EPRS1 activates PARP1 in breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2303642121. [PMID: 39012819 PMCID: PMC11287164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303642121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS1) is a bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase (aaRS) essential for decoding the genetic code. EPRS1 resides, with seven other aaRSs and three noncatalytic proteins, in the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). Multiple MSC-resident aaRSs, including EPRS1, exhibit stimulus-dependent release from the MSC to perform noncanonical activities distinct from their primary function in protein synthesis. Here, we show EPRS1 is present in both cytoplasm and nucleus of breast cancer cells with constitutively low phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. EPRS1 is primarily cytosolic in PTEN-expressing cells, but chemical or genetic inhibition of PTEN, or chemical or stress-mediated activation of its target, AKT, induces EPRS1 nuclear localization. Likewise, preferential nuclear localization of EPRS1 was observed in invasive ductal carcinoma that were also P-Ser473-AKT+. EPRS1 nuclear transport requires a nuclear localization signal (NLS) within the linker region that joins the catalytic glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and prolyl-tRNA synthetase domains. Nuclear EPRS1 interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a DNA-damage sensor that directs poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of proteins. EPRS1 is a critical regulator of PARP1 activity as shown by markedly reduced ADP-ribosylation in EPRS1 knockdown cells. Moreover, EPRS1 and PARP1 knockdown comparably alter the expression of multiple tumor-related genes, inhibit DNA-damage repair, reduce tumor cell survival, and diminish tumor sphere formation by breast cancer cells. EPRS1-mediated regulation of PARP1 activity provides a mechanistic link between PTEN loss in breast cancer cells, PARP1 activation, and cell survival and tumor growth. Targeting the noncanonical activity of EPRS1, without inhibiting canonical tRNA ligase activity, provides a therapeutic approach potentially supplementing existing PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Zin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH44115
| | - Arnab China
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru562163, India
| | - Jeetendra K. Nag
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Kommireddy Vasu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | | | - Prabar K. Ghosh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Debjit Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH44115
| | - Paul L. Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH44115
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50
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LI RUIFANG, NAN XINRONG, LI MING, RAHHAL OMAR. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a prognostic biomarker in multiple tumors and its therapeutic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Res 2024; 32:1323-1334. [PMID: 39055892 PMCID: PMC11267059 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.046965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a cell surface serine protease, plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation. However, there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP. Objective: We aimed to assess the pan-cancer expression profile of FAP, its molecular function, and its potential role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Methods We analyzed gene expression, survival status, immune infiltration, and molecular functional pathways of FAP in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) tumors. Furthermore, to elucidate the role of FAP in HNSC, we performed proliferation, migration, and invasion assays post-FAP overexpression or knock-down. Results FAP expression was elevated in nine tumor types and was associated with poor survival in eight of them. In the context of immune infiltration, FAP expression negatively correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration in five tumor types and positively with regulatory T-cell infiltration in four tumor types. Our enrichment analysis highlighted FAP's involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In HNSC cells, FAP overexpression activated the PI3K-Akt pathway, promoting tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, FAP knockdown showed inhibitory effects. Conclusion Our study unveils the association of FAP with poor tumor prognosis across multiple cancers and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- RUIFANG LI
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - XINRONG NAN
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - MING LI
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - OMAR RAHHAL
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410005, China
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