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Narasimhan S, Holtzman DM, Apostolova LG, Cruchaga C, Masters CL, Hardy J, Villemagne VL, Bell J, Cho M, Hampel H. Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease trajectories and the next-generation clinical care pathway. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01669-5. [PMID: 38898183 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, progressive primary neurodegenerative disease. Since pivotal genetic studies in 1993, the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE ε4) has remained the strongest single genome-wide associated risk variant in AD. Scientific advances in APOE biology, AD pathophysiology and ApoE-targeted therapies have brought APOE to the forefront of research, with potential translation into routine AD clinical care. This contemporary Review will merge APOE research with the emerging AD clinical care pathway and discuss APOE genetic risk as a conduit to genomic-based precision medicine in AD, including ApoE's influence in the ATX(N) biomarker framework of AD. We summarize the evidence for APOE as an important modifier of AD clinical-biological trajectories. We then illustrate the utility of APOE testing and the future of ApoE-targeted therapies in the next-generation AD clinical-diagnostic pathway. With the emergence of new AD therapies, understanding how APOE modulates AD pathophysiology will become critical for personalized AD patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight ADRC, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Neurosciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Dementia Research Institute, Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Tsiakiri A, Bakirtzis C, Plakias S, Vlotinou P, Vadikolias K, Terzoudi A, Christidi F. Predictive Models for the Transition from Mild Neurocognitive Disorder to Major Neurocognitive Disorder: Insights from Clinical, Demographic, and Neuropsychological Data. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1232. [PMID: 38927439 PMCID: PMC11201179 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are progressive conditions that severely impact cognitive function and daily living. Understanding the transition from mild to major NCD is crucial for personalized early intervention and effective management. Predictive models incorporating demographic variables, clinical data, and scores on neuropsychological and emotional tests can significantly enhance early detection and intervention strategies in primary healthcare settings. We aimed to develop and validate predictive models for the progression from mild NCD to major NCD using demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological data from 132 participants over a two-year period. Generalized Estimating Equations were employed for data analysis. Our final model achieved an accuracy of 83.7%. A higher body mass index and alcohol drinking increased the risk of progression from mild NCD to major NCD, while female sex, higher praxis abilities, and a higher score on the Geriatric Depression Scale reduced the risk. Here, we show that integrating multiple factors-ones that can be easily examined in clinical settings-into predictive models can improve early diagnosis of major NCD. This approach could facilitate timely interventions, potentially mitigating the progression of cognitive decline and improving patient outcomes in primary healthcare settings. Further research should focus on validating these models across diverse populations and exploring their implementation in various clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tsiakiri
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.T.); (K.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- B’ Department of Neurology and the MS Center, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Spyridon Plakias
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 41500 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Pinelopi Vlotinou
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.T.); (K.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Terzoudi
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.T.); (K.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Foteini Christidi
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.T.); (K.V.); (A.T.)
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Zendehrouh E, Sendi MSE, Abrol A, Batta I, Hassanzadeh R, Calhoun VD. Towards a multimodal neuroimaging-based risk score for mild cognitive impairment by combining clinical studies with a large (N>37000) population-based study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.12.24303873. [PMID: 38559205 PMCID: PMC10980138 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.24303873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia, leading to a decline in memory, reasoning, and social skills. While numerous studies have investigated the genetic risk factors associated with AD, less attention has been given to identifying a brain imaging-based measure of AD risk. This study introduces a novel approach to assess mild cognitive impairment MCI, as a stage before AD, risk using neuroimaging data, referred to as a brain-wide risk score (BRS), which incorporates multimodal brain imaging. To begin, we first categorized participants from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)-3 cohort into two groups: controls (CN) and individuals with MCI. Next, we computed structure and functional imaging features from all the OASIS data as well as all the UK Biobank data. For resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we computed functional network connectivity (FNC) matrices using fully automated spatially constrained independent component analysis. For structural MRI data we computed gray matter (GM) segmentation maps. We then evaluated the similarity between each participant's neuroimaging features from the UK Biobank and the difference in the average of those features between CN individuals and those with MCI, which we refer to as the brain-wide risk score (BRS). Both GM and FNC features were utilized in determining the BRS. We first evaluated the differences in the distribution of the BRS for CN vs MCI within the OASIS-3 (using OASIS-3 as the reference group). Next, we evaluated the BRS in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (using OASIS-3 as the reference group), showing that the BRS can differentiate MCI from CN in an independent data set. Subsequently, using the sMRI BRS, we identified 10 distinct subgroups and similarly, we identified another set of 10 subgroups using the FNC BRS. For sMRI and FNC we observed results that mutually validate each other, with certain aspects being complementary. For the unimodal analysis, sMRI provides greater differentiation between MCI and CN individuals than the fMRI data, consistent with prior work. Additionally, by utilizing a multimodal BRS approach, which combines both GM and FNC assessments, we identified two groups of subjects using the multimodal BRS scores. One group exhibits high MCI risk with both negative GM and FNC BRS, while the other shows low MCI risk with both positive GM and FNC BRS. Moreover, in the UKBB we have 46 participants diagnosed with AD showed FNC and GM patterns similar to those in high-risk groups, defined in both unimodal and multimodal BRS. Finally, to ensure the reproducibility of our findings, we conducted a validation analysis using the ADNI as an additional reference dataset and repeated the above analysis. The results were consistently replicated across different reference groups, highlighting the potential of FNC and sMRI-based BRS in early Alzheimer's detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Zendehrouh
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mohammad S. E. Sendi
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Anees Abrol
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
| | - Ishaan Batta
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
| | - Reihaneh Hassanzadeh
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Departments of Psychology and Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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Kikuchi M, Miyashita A, Hara N, Kasuga K, Saito Y, Murayama S, Kakita A, Akatsu H, Ozaki K, Niida S, Kuwano R, Iwatsubo T, Nakaya A, Ikeuchi T. Polygenic effects on the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Japanese population. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:45. [PMID: 38414085 PMCID: PMC10898021 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic effects have been proposed to account for some disease phenotypes; these effects are calculated as a polygenic risk score (PRS). This score is correlated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related phenotypes, such as biomarker abnormalities and brain atrophy, and is associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. However, the AD PRS has been examined mainly in Europeans, and owing to differences in genetic structure and lifestyle, it is unclear whether the same relationships between the PRS and AD-related phenotypes exist in non-European populations. In this study, we calculated and evaluated the AD PRS in Japanese individuals using genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics from Europeans. METHODS In this study, we calculated the AD PRS in 504 Japanese participants (145 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, 220 participants with late mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 139 patients with mild AD dementia) enrolled in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI) project. In order to evaluate the clinical value of this score, we (1) determined the polygenic effects on AD in the J-ADNI and validated it using two independent cohorts (a Japanese neuropathology (NP) cohort (n = 565) and the North American ADNI (NA-ADNI) cohort (n = 617)), (2) examined the AD-related phenotypes associated with the PRS, and (3) tested whether the PRS helps predict the conversion of MCI to AD. RESULTS The PRS using 131 SNPs had an effect independent of APOE. The PRS differentiated between CU participants and AD patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.755 when combined with the APOE variants. Similar AUC was obtained when PRS calculated by the NP and NA-ADNI cohorts was applied. In MCI patients, the PRS was associated with cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated-tau levels (β estimate = 0.235, p value = 0.026). MCI with a high PRS showed a significantly increased conversion to AD in APOE ε4 noncarriers with a hazard rate of 2.22. In addition, we also developed a PRS model adjusted for LD and observed similar results. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the AD PRS is useful in the Japanese population, whose genetic structure is different from that of the European population. These findings suggest that the polygenicity of AD is partially common across ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of General Medicine & General Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Core Facility Administration, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Social Welfare Corporation Asahigawaso, Asahigawaso Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakaya
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
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Zhang T, Kim BM, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38195518 PMCID: PMC10775678 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly and represents a major clinical challenge in the ageing society. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD include neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, senile plaques derived from the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, brain atrophy induced by neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunctions. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system. Dysregulation of DAPK1 has been shown to contribute to various neurological diseases including AD, ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established an upstream effect of DAPK1 on Aβ and tau pathologies and neuronal apoptosis through kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation, supporting a causal role of DAPK1 in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about how DAPK1 is involved in various AD pathological changes including tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, neuronal cell death and synaptic degeneration. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DAPK1 dysregulation in AD are discussed. We also review the recent progress regarding the development of novel DAPK1 modulators and their potential applications in AD intervention. These findings substantiate DAPK1 as a novel therapeutic target for the development of multifunctional disease-modifying treatments for AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., 10F Ace Cheonggye Tower, 53, Seonggogae-Ro, Uiwang-Si, 16006, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Dave BP, Shah YB, Maheshwari KG, Mansuri KA, Prajapati BS, Postwala HI, Chorawala MR. Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3847-3884. [PMID: 37725199 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is characterized by the death of brain cells due to the accumulation of insoluble amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the cells. AD is also associated with other pathologies such as neuroinflammation, dysfunction of synaptic connections and circuits, disorders in mitochondrial function and energy production, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in the vascular system. Despite extensive research conducted over the last hundred years, little is established about what causes AD or how to effectively treat it. Given the severity of the disease and the increasing number of affected individuals, there is a critical need to discover effective medications for AD. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several new drug molecules for AD management since 2003, but these drugs only provide temporary relief of symptoms and do not address the underlying causes of the disease. Currently, available medications focus on correcting the neurotransmitter disruption observed in AD, including cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which temporarily alleviates the signs of dementia but does not prevent or reverse the course of AD. Research towards disease-modifying AD treatments is currently underway, including gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy. These innovative approaches aim to target the underlying pathological processes of AD rather than just managing the symptoms. This review discusses the novel aspects of pathogenesis involved in the causation of AD of AD and in recent developments in the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of AD such as gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha B Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kaif A Mansuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhadrawati S Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah I Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Ikonnikova A, Morozova A, Antonova O, Ochneva A, Fedoseeva E, Abramova O, Emelyanova M, Filippova M, Morozova I, Zorkina Y, Syunyakov T, Andryushchenko A, Andreuyk D, Kostyuk G, Gryadunov D. Evaluation of the Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer's Disease in Russian Patients with Dementia Using a Low-Density Hydrogel Oligonucleotide Microarray. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14765. [PMID: 37834213 PMCID: PMC10572681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The polygenic risk score (PRS), together with the ɛ4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE-ɛ4), has shown high potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk prediction. The aim of this study was to validate the model of polygenic risk in Russian patients with dementia. A microarray-based assay was developed to identify 21 markers of polygenic risk and ɛ alleles of the APOE gene. This case-control study included 348 dementia patients and 519 cognitively normal volunteers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein levels were assessed in 57 dementia patients. PRS and APOE-ɛ4 were significant genetic risk factors for dementia. Adjusted for APOE-ɛ4, individuals with PRS corresponding to the fourth quartile had an increased risk of dementia compared to the first quartile (OR 1.85; p-value 0.002). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.559 for the PRS model only, and the inclusion of APOE-ɛ4 improved the AUC to 0.604. PRS was positively correlated with tTau and pTau181 and inversely correlated with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Carriers of APOE-ɛ4 had higher levels of tTau and pTau181 and lower levels of Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40. The developed assay can be part of a strategy for assessing individuals for AD risk, with the purpose of assisting primary preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ikonnikova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Antonova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Alexandra Ochneva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Elena Fedoseeva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Emelyanova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Marina Filippova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Irina Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Syunyakov
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
| | - Alisa Andryushchenko
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Denis Andreuyk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Economy Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State University of Food Production”, Volokolamskoye Highway 11, 125080 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gryadunov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
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Stocker H, Trares K, Beyer L, Perna L, Rujescu D, Holleczek B, Beyreuther K, Gerwert K, Schöttker B, Brenner H. Alzheimer's polygenic risk scores, APOE, Alzheimer's disease risk, and dementia-related blood biomarker levels in a population-based cohort study followed over 17 years. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:129. [PMID: 37516890 PMCID: PMC10386275 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to utilize polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a meaningful way, influential factors (i.e. training set) and prediction across groups such as APOE e4 (APOE4) genotype as well as associations to dementia-related biomarkers should be explored. Therefore, we examined the association of APOE4 and various PRSs, based on training sets that utilized differing AD definitions, with incident AD and all-cause dementia (ACD) within 17 years, and with levels of phosphorylated tau181 (P-tau181), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in blood. Secondarily, effect modification by APOE4 status and sex was examined. METHODS In this prospective, population-based cohort study and nested case-control study, 9,940 participants in Germany were enrolled between 2000 and 2002 by their general practitioners and followed for up to 17 years. Participants were included in this study if dementia status and genetic data were available. A subsample of participants additionally had measurements of P-tau181, NfL, and GFAP obtained from blood samples. Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of genetic risk (APOE genotype and PRSnoAPOE) with incident ACD/AD and log-transformed blood levels of P-tau181, NfL, and GFAP. RESULTS Five thousand seven hundred sixty-five participants (54% female, aged 50-75years at baseline) were included in this study, of whom 464 received an all-cause dementia diagnosis within 17 years. The PRSs were not more predictive of dementia than APOE4. An APOE4 specific relationship was apparent with PRSs only exhibiting associations to dementia among APOE4 carriers. In the nested case-control study including biomarkers (n = 712), APOE4 status and polygenic risk were significantly associated to levels of GFAP in blood. CONCLUSIONS The use of PRSs may be beneficial for increased precision in risk estimates among APOE4 carriers. While APOE4 may play a crucial etiological role in initial disease processes such as Aβ deposition, the PRS may be an indicator of further disease drivers as well as astrocyte activation. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings, especially the association to GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stocker
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kira Trares
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Léon Beyer
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Perna
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Gerwert
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Zendehrouh E, Sendi MSE, Calhoun VD. Towards a multimodal neuroimaging-based risk score for Alzheimer's disease by combining clinical and large N>37000 population data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083709 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related dementia and causes memory, reasoning, and social skills to deteriorate. In recent years many studies have explored the genetic risk of AD, but less work has been done to identify a brain imaging-based AD risk measure. The current study proposed a new neuroimaging-based measure of AD risk, called brain-wide risk score or BRS, based on multimodal brain features. Using the proposed AD BRS, we identified four AD biotypes from a large sample of subjects (N>37,000) from the UK Biobank dataset: one with high AD BRS, one with low AD BRS, and two with moderate AD BRS. Next, we further showed that the cognitive scores of the biotype with lower AD BRS are significantly better than those of other biotypes.
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10
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Allué JA, Pascual‐Lucas M, Sarasa L, Castillo S, Sarasa M, Sáez ME, Abdel‐Latif S, Rissman RA, Terencio J. Clinical utility of an antibody-free LC-MS method to detect brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the screening visit of the A4 Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12451. [PMID: 37274930 PMCID: PMC10236000 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explored the ability of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 to identify brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. METHODS Plasma Aβ was quantified with an antibody-free high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method from Araclon Biotech (ABtest-MS) in a subset of 731 CU individuals from the screening visit of the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study, to assess associations of Aβ42/Aβ40 with Aβ positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS A model including Aβ42/Aβ40, age, apolipoprotein E ε4, and recruitment site identified Aβ PET status with an area under the curve of 0.88 and an overall accuracy of 81%. A plasma-based pre-screening step could save up to 42% of the total number of Aβ PET scans. DISCUSSION ABtest-MS accurately identified brain amyloid deposition in a population of CU individuals, supporting its implementation in AD secondary prevention trials to reduce recruitment time and costs. Although a certain degree of heterogeneity is inherent to large and multicentric trials, ABtest-MS could be more robust to pre-analytical bias compared to other immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry methods. HIGHLIGHTS Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 accurately identified brain Aβ deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study.The inclusion of the recruitment site in the predictive models has a non-negligible effect.A plasma biomarker-based model could reduce recruitment costs in Alzheimer's disease secondary prevention trials.Antibody-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods may be more robust to pre-analytical variability than other platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Abdel‐Latif
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Hayes JP, Pierce ME, Brown E, Salat D, Logue MW, Constantinescu J, Valerio K, Miller MW, Sherva R, Huber BR, Milberg W, McGlinchey R. Genetic Risk for Alzheimer Disease and Plasma Tau Are Associated With Accelerated Parietal Cortex Thickness Change in Middle-Aged Adults. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200053. [PMID: 36742995 PMCID: PMC9893442 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Neuroimaging and biomarker studies in Alzheimer disease (AD) have shown well-characterized patterns of cortical thinning and altered biomarker concentrations of tau and β-amyloid (Aβ). However, earlier identification of AD has great potential to advance clinical care and determine candidates for drug trials. The extent to which AD risk markers relate to cortical thinning patterns in midlife is unknown. The first objective of this study was to examine cortical thickness change associated with genetic risk for AD among middle-aged military veterans. The second objective was to determine the relationship between plasma tau and Aβ and change in brain cortical thickness among veterans stratified by genetic risk for AD. Methods Participants consisted of post-9/11 veterans (N = 155) who were consecutively enrolled in the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders prospective longitudinal cohort and were assessed for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic disorder (PTSD). Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for AD were calculated using summary results from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Disease Project. T-tau and Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma assays were run using Simoa technology. Whole-brain MRI cortical thickness change estimates were obtained using the longitudinal stream of FreeSurfer. Follow-up moderation analyses examined the AD PRS × plasma interaction on change in cortical thickness in AD-vulnerable regions. Results Higher AD PRS, signifying greater genetic risk for AD, was associated with accelerated cortical thickness change in a right hemisphere inferior parietal cortex cluster that included the supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus. Higher tau, but not Aβ42/40 ratio, was associated with greater cortical thickness change among those with higher AD PRS. Mild TBI and PTSD were not associated with cortical thickness change. Discussion Plasma tau, particularly when combined with genetic stratification for AD risk, can be a useful indicator of brain change in midlife. Accelerated inferior parietal cortex changes in midlife may be an important factor to consider as a marker of AD-related brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Pannu Hayes
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Meghan E Pierce
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Salat
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Logue
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julie Constantinescu
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kate Valerio
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Miller
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bertrand Russell Huber
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William Milberg
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Department of Psychology (J.P.H., K.V.), The Ohio State University, & Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) (M.E.P., E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Department of Psychiatry (M.E.P., M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center (E.B., D.S., J.C., W.M., R.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Brain Aging and Dementia (BAnD) Laboratory (D.S.), A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; National Center for PTSD (M.W.L., M.W.M., B.R.H.), Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; Boston University School of Medicine (M.W.L., R.S.), Biomedical Genetics, MA; Boston University School of Public Health (M.W.L.), Department of Biostatistics, MA; Department of Neurology (B.R.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Geriatric Research (W.M., R.M.), Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, MA; and Department of Psychiatry (W.M., R.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Ma M, Moulton MJ, Lu S, Bellen HJ. 'Fly-ing' from rare to common neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Trends Genet 2022; 38:972-984. [PMID: 35484057 PMCID: PMC9378361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing have enabled researchers and clinicians to probe vast numbers of human variants to distinguish pathogenic from benign variants. Model organisms have been crucial in variant assessment and in delineating the molecular mechanisms of some of the diseases caused by these variants. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has played a valuable role in this endeavor, taking advantage of its genetic technologies and established biological knowledge. We highlight the utility of the fly in studying the function of genes associated with rare neurological diseases that have led to a better understanding of common disease mechanisms. We emphasize that shared themes emerge among disease mechanisms, including the importance of lipids, in two prominent neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Moulton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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13
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Tippett LJ, Cawston EE, Morgan CA, Melzer TR, Brickell KL, Ilse C, Cheung G, Kirk IJ, Roberts RP, Govender J, Griner L, Le Heron C, Buchanan S, Port W, Dudley M, Anderson TJ, Williams JM, Cutfield NJ, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Wood P. Dementia Prevention Research Clinic: a longitudinal study investigating factors influencing the development of Alzheimer’s disease in Aotearoa, New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2098780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J. Tippett
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Erin E. Cawston
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine A. Morgan
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tracy R. Melzer
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kiri L. Brickell
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christina Ilse
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary Cheung
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian J. Kirk
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Reece P. Roberts
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jane Govender
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Leon Griner
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Campbell Le Heron
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Dept of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Buchanan
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Waiora Port
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Makarena Dudley
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim J. Anderson
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Dept of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanna M. Williams
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J. Cutfield
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Phil Wood
- NZ-Dementia Prevention Research Clinic, New Zealand
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Older Adults and Home Health, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Salwierz P, Davenport C, Sumra V, Iulita MF, Ferretti MT, Tartaglia MC. Sex and gender differences in dementia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 164:179-233. [PMID: 36038204 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dementia landscape has undergone a striking paradigm shift. The advances in understanding of neurodegeneration and proteinopathies has changed our approach to patients with cognitive impairment. Firstly, it has recently been shown that the various proteinopathies that are the cause of the dementia begin to build up long before the appearance of any obvious symptoms. This has cemented the idea that there is an urgency in diagnosis as it occurs very late in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Secondly, that accurate diagnosis is required to deliver targeted therapies, that is precision medicine. With this latter point, the realization that various factors of a person need to be considered as they may impact the presentation and progression of disease has risen to the forefront. Two of these factors aside from race and age are biological sex and gender (social construct), as both can have tremendous impact on manifestation of disease. This chapter will cover what is known and remains to be known on the interaction of sex and gender with some of the major causes of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Salwierz
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carly Davenport
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vishaal Sumra
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Florencia Iulita
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Women's Brain Project, Guntershausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Memory Clinic, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Lu T, Forgetta V, Richards JB, Greenwood CMT. Polygenic risk score as a possible tool for identifying familial monogenic causes of complex diseases. Genet Med 2022; 24:1545-1555. [PMID: 35460399 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate whether polygenic risk scores could be helpful in addition to family history for triaging individuals to undergo deep-depth diagnostic sequencing for identifying monogenic causes of complex diseases. METHODS Among 44,550 exome-sequenced European ancestry UK Biobank participants, we identified individuals with a clinically reported or computationally predicted monogenic pathogenic variant for breast cancer, bowel cancer, heart disease, diabetes, or Alzheimer disease. We derived polygenic risk scores for these diseases. We tested whether a polygenic risk score could identify rare pathogenic variant heterozygotes among individuals with a parental disease history. RESULTS Monogenic causes of complex diseases were more prevalent among individuals with a parental disease history than in the rest of the population. Polygenic risk scores showed moderate discriminative power to identify familial monogenic causes. For instance, we showed that prescreening the patients with a polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes can prioritize individuals to undergo diagnostic sequencing for monogenic diabetes variants and reduce needs for such sequencing by up to 37%. CONCLUSION Among individuals with a family history of complex diseases, those with a low polygenic risk score are more likely to have monogenic causes of the disease and could be prioritized to undergo genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Lu
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Lu T, Forgetta V, Richards JB, Greenwood CMT. Capturing additional genetic risk from family history for improved polygenic risk prediction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:595. [PMID: 35710731 PMCID: PMC9203758 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Family history of complex traits may reflect transmitted rare pathogenic variants, intra-familial shared exposures to environmental and lifestyle factors, as well as a common genetic predisposition. We developed a latent factor model to quantify trait heritability in excess of that captured by a common variant-based polygenic risk score, but inferable from family history. For 941 children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort, a joint predictor combining a polygenic risk score for height and mid-parental height was able to explain ~55% of the total variance in sex-adjusted adult height z-scores, close to the estimated heritability. Marginal yet consistent risk prediction improvements were also achieved among ~400,000 European ancestry participants for 11 complex diseases in the UK Biobank. Our work showcases a paradigm for risk calculation, and supports incorporation of family history into polygenic risk score-based genetic risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Le Grand Q, Satizabal CL, Sargurupremraj M, Mishra A, Soumaré A, Laurent A, Crivello F, Tsuchida A, Shin J, Macalli M, Singh B, Beiser AS, DeCarli C, Fletcher E, Paus T, Lathrop M, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Seshadri S, Tzourio C, Mazoyer B, Debette S. Genomic Studies Across the Lifespan Point to Early Mechanisms Determining Subcortical Volumes. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:616-628. [PMID: 34700051 PMCID: PMC9395126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical brain structures play a key role in pathological processes of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Mounting evidence also suggests that early-life factors may have an impact on the development of common late-life neurological diseases, including genetic factors that can influence both brain maturation and neurodegeneration. METHODS Using large population-based brain imaging datasets across the lifespan (N ≤ 40,628), we aimed to 1) estimate the heritability of subcortical volumes in young (18-35 years), middle (35-65 years), and older (65+ years) age, and their genetic correlation across age groups; 2) identify whether genetic loci associated with subcortical volumes in older persons also show associations in early adulthood, and explore underlying genes using transcriptome-wide association studies; and 3) explore their association with neurological phenotypes. RESULTS Heritability of subcortical volumes consistently decreased with increasing age. Genetic risk scores for smaller caudate nucleus, putamen, and hippocampus volume in older adults were associated with smaller volumes in young adults. Individually, 10 loci associated with subcortical volumes in older adults also showed associations in young adults. Within these loci, transcriptome-wide association studies showed that expression of several genes in brain tissues (especially MYLK2 and TUFM) was associated with subcortical volumes in both age groups. One risk variant for smaller caudate nucleus volume (TUFM locus) was associated with lower cognitive performance. Genetically predicted Alzheimer's disease was associated with smaller subcortical volumes in middle and older age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic determinants of subcortical volumes across the lifespan. More studies are needed to decipher the underlying biology and clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Grand
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aicha Soumaré
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CEA, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CEA, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ami Tsuchida
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CEA, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Shin
- Department of Physiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mélissa Macalli
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Baljeet Singh
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Tomas Paus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill Genome Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Medical Informatics, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; CEA, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UMR5293, Neurofunctional imaging group, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux, France.
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18
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Dias IH, Shokr H, Shephard F, Chakrabarti L. Oxysterols and Oxysterol Sulfates in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1527-1536. [PMID: 35491790 PMCID: PMC9277668 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Brain cholesterol levels are tightly regulated but increasing evidence indicates that cholesterol metabolism may drive Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated pathological changes. Recent advances in understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain have presented a vital role played by mitochondria in oxysterol biosynthesis and their involvement in pathophysiology. Oxysterol accumulation in brain is controlled by various enzymatic pathways including sulfation. While research into oxysterol is under the areas of active investigation, there is less evidence for oxysterol sulfate levels in human brain. Objective: This study investigates the hypothesis that AD brain oxysterol detoxification via sulfation is impaired in later stages of disease resulting in oxysterol accumulation. Methods: Lipids were extracted from postmortem frozen brain tissue and cerebrospinal (CSF) from late- (Braak stage III-IV) and early- (Braak stage I-II) stage AD patients. Samples were spiked with internal standards prior to lipid extraction. Oxysterols were enriched with a two-step solid phase extraction using a polymeric SPE column and further separation was achieved by LC-MS/MS. Results: Oxysterols, 26-hydroxycholesterol (26-OHC), 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), and 7-oxycholesterol levels were higher in brain tissue and mitochondria extracted from late-stage AD brain tissue except for 24S-hydroxycholesterol, which was decreased in late AD. However, oxysterol sulfates are significantly lower in the AD frontal cortex. Oxysterols, 25-OHC, and 7-oxocholesterol was higher is CSF but 26-OHC and oxysterol sulfate levels were not changed. Conclusion: Our results show oxysterol metabolism is altered in AD brain mitochondria, favoring synthesis of 26-OHC, 25-OHC, and 7-oxocholesterol, and this may influence brain mitochondrial function and acceleration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H.K. Dias
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hala Shokr
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Freya Shephard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Guévremont D, Tsui H, Knight R, Fowler CJ, Masters CL, Martins RN, Abraham WC, Tate WP, Cutfield NJ, Williams JM. Plasma microRNA vary in association with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12251. [PMID: 35141392 PMCID: PMC8817674 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Early intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires the development of an easily administered test that is able to identify those at risk. Focusing on microRNA robustly detected in plasma and standardizing the analysis strategy, we sought to identify disease‐stage specific biomarkers. Methods Using TaqMan microfluidics arrays and a statistical consensus approach, we assessed plasma levels of 185 neurodegeneration‐related microRNA, in cohorts of cognitively normal amyloid β‐positive (CN‐Aβ+), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) participants, relative to their respective controls. Results Distinct disease stage microRNA biomarkers were identified, shown to predict membership of the groups (area under the curve [AUC] >0.8) and were altered dynamically with AD progression in a longitudinal study. Bioinformatics demonstrated that these microRNA target known AD‐related pathways, such as the Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K‐Akt) signalling pathway. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between miR‐27a‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, and miR‐324‐5p and amyloid beta load. Discussion Our results show that microRNA signatures alter throughout the progression of AD, reflect the underlying disease pathology, and may prove to be useful diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Guévremont
- Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Helen Tsui
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Department of Psychology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Robert Knight
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Department of Psychology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Chris J Fowler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. MD The Florey Institute The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia.,Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Research Group Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. MD The Florey Institute The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia.,Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Research Group Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Research Group Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Macquarie University New South Wales Australia
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Department of Psychology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Cutfield
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Department of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Joanna M Williams
- Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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20
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Gao Q, Daunt P, Gibson AM, Pither RJ. Utility of Polygenic Risk Scoring to Predict Cognitive Impairment as Measured by Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite Score. JAR LIFE 2022; 11:1-8. [PMID: 36923235 PMCID: PMC10002888 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The utility of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) is gaining increasing attention for generating an individual genetic risk profile to predict subsequent likelihood of future onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially those carry two copies of the APOE E3 allele, currently considered at neutral risk in all populations studied. Objectives To access the performance of PRS in predicting individuals whilst pre-symptomatic or with mild cognitive impairment who are at greatest risk of progression of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) as measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) score profile. Design: A longitudinal analysis of data from the ADNI study conducted across over 50 sites in the US and Canada. Setting Multi-centre genetics study. Participants 594 subjects either APOE E3 homozygotes or APOE E3/E4 heterozygotes who upon entry to the study were diagnosed as cognitively normal or with mild cognitive impairment. Measurements Use of genotyping and/or whole genome sequencing data to calculate polygenic risk scores and assess its ability to predict subsequent cognitive decline as measured by PACC over 5 years. Results: Assessing both cognitively normal and mild cognitive impaired subjects using a PRS threshold of greater than 0.6, the high genetic risk participant group declined more than the low risk group over 5 years as measured by PACC score (PACC score reduced by time). Conclusions Our findings have shown that polygenic risk score provides a promising tool to identify those with higher risk to decline over 5 years regardless of their APOE alleles according to modified PACC profile, especially its ability to identify APOE3/E3 cognitively normal individuals who are at most risk for early cognitive decline. This genotype accounts for approximately 60% of the general population and 35% of the AD population but currently would not be considered at higher risk without access to expensive or invasive biomarker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gao
- Cytox Limited, Manchester, UK
| | - P Daunt
- Cytox Limited, Manchester, UK
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21
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Cross B, Turner R, Pirmohamed M. Polygenic risk scores: An overview from bench to bedside for personalised medicine. Front Genet 2022; 13:1000667. [PMID: 36437929 PMCID: PMC9692112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first polygenic risk score (PRS) in 2007, research in this area has progressed significantly. The increasing number of SNPs that have been identified by large scale GWAS analyses has fuelled the development of a myriad of PRSs for a wide variety of diseases and, more recently, to PRSs that potentially identify differential response to specific drugs. PRSs constitute a composite genomic biomarker and potential applications for PRSs in clinical practice encompass risk prediction and disease screening, early diagnosis, prognostication, and drug stratification to improve efficacy or reduce adverse drug reactions. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no PRSs have yet been adopted into routine clinical practice. Beyond the technical considerations of PRS development, the major challenges that face PRSs include demonstrating clinical utility and circumnavigating the implementation of novel genomic technologies at scale into stretched healthcare systems. In this review, we discuss progress in developing disease susceptibility PRSs across multiple medical specialties, development of pharmacogenomic PRSs, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cross
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Turner
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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22
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Naidoo V, Cacabelos N, Cacabelos R. Epigenetic Biomarkers as Diagnostic Tools for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:13. [PMID: 35008438 PMCID: PMC8745005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence, linking the genome to its surroundings. The accumulation of epigenetic alterations over the lifespan may contribute to neurodegeneration. The aim of the present study was to identify epigenetic biomarkers for improving diagnostic efficacy in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed global DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling/histone modifications, sirtuin (SIRT) expression and activity, and the expression of several important neurodegeneration-related genes. DNA methylation, SIRT expression and activity and neuregulin 1 (NRG1), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression were reduced in buffy coat samples from patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Our data suggest that these epigenetic biomarkers may be useful in clinical practical for the diagnosis, surveillance, and prognosis of disease activity in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain; (V.N.); (N.C.); (R.C.)
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23
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A missense variant in SHARPIN mediates Alzheimer's disease-specific brain damages. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:590. [PMID: 34785643 PMCID: PMC8595886 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Established genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) account for only a portion of AD heritability. The aim of this study was to identify novel associations between genetic variants and AD-specific brain atrophy. We conducted genome-wide association studies for brain magnetic resonance imaging measures of hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortical thickness in 2643 Koreans meeting the clinical criteria for AD (n = 209), mild cognitive impairment (n = 1449) or normal cognition (n = 985). A missense variant, rs77359862 (R274W), in the SHANK-associated RH Domain Interactor (SHARPIN) gene was associated with entorhinal cortical thickness (p = 5.0 × 10-9) and hippocampal volume (p = 5.1 × 10-12). It revealed an increased risk of developing AD in the mediation analyses. This variant was also associated with amyloid-β accumulation (p = 0.03) and measures of memory (p = 1.0 × 10-4) and executive function (p = 0.04). We also found significant association of other SHARPIN variants with hippocampal volume in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (rs3417062, p = 4.1 × 10-6) and AddNeuroMed (rs138412600, p = 5.9 × 10-5) cohorts. Further, molecular dynamics simulations and co-immunoprecipitation indicated that the variant significantly reduced the binding of linear ubiquitination assembly complex proteins, SHPARIN and HOIL-1 Interacting Protein (HOIP), altering the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that SHARPIN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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24
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Utilizing 3D Arterial Spin Labeling to Identify Cerebrovascular Leak and Glymphatic Obstruction in Neurodegenerative Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101888. [PMID: 34679586 PMCID: PMC8534509 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
New approaches are required to successfully intervene therapeutically in neurodegenerative diseases. Addressing the earliest phases of disease, blood brain barrier (BBB) leak before the accumulation of misfolded proteins has significant potential for success. To do so, however, a reliable, noninvasive and economical test is required. There are two potential methods of identifying the BBB fluid leak that results in the accumulation of normally excluded substances which alter neuropil metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation with buildup of misfolded toxic proteins. The pros and cons of dynamic contrast imaging (DCI or DCE) and 3D TGSE PASL are discussed as potential early identifying methods. The results of prior publications of the 3D ASL technique and an overview of the associated physiologic challenges are discussed. Either method may serve well as reliable physiologic markers as novel therapeutic interventions directed at the vasculopathy of early neurodegenerative disease are developed. They may serve well in addressing other neurologic diseases associated with either vascular leak and/or reduced glymphatic flow.
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25
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Stocker H, Perna L, Weigl K, Möllers T, Schöttker B, Thomsen H, Holleczek B, Rujescu D, Brenner H. Prediction of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, vascular, mixed, and all-cause dementia by a polygenic risk score and APOE status in a community-based cohort prospectively followed over 17 years. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5812-5822. [PMID: 32404947 PMCID: PMC8758470 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and recent genome-wide association meta-analyses have confirmed additional associated genetic loci with smaller effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of an AD polygenic risk score (PRS) and APOE status to predict clinical diagnosis of AD, vascular (VD), mixed (MD), and all-cause dementia in a community-based cohort prospectively followed over 17 years and secondarily across age, sex, and education strata. A PRS encompassing genetic variants reaching genome-wide significant associations to AD (excluding APOE) from the most recent genome-wide association meta-analysis data was calculated and APOE status was determined in 5203 participants. During follow-up, 103, 111, 58, and 359 participants were diagnosed with AD, VD, MD, and all-cause dementia, respectively. Prediction ability of AD, VD, MD, and all-cause dementia by the PRS and APOE was assessed by multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The PRS per standard deviation increase in score and APOE4 positivity (≥1 ε4 allele) were significantly associated with greater odds of AD (OR, 95% CI: PRS: 1.70, 1.45-1.99; APOE4: 3.34, 2.24-4.99) and AD prediction accuracy was significantly improved when adding the PRS to a base model of age, sex, and education (ASE) (c-statistics: ASE, 0.772; ASE + PRS, 0.810). The PRS enriched the ability of APOE to discern AD with stronger associations than to VD, MD, or all-cause dementia in a prospective community-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stocker
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - L Perna
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - K Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Möllers
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Schöttker
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - B Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - H Brenner
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Dickson SP, Hendrix SB, Brown BL, Ridge PG, Nicodemus-Johnson J, Hardy ML, McKeany AM, Booth SB, Fortna RR, Kauwe JSK. GenoRisk: A polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12211. [PMID: 34621978 PMCID: PMC8485054 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent clinical trials are considering inclusion of more than just apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype as a way of reducing variability in analysis of outcomes. METHODS Case-control data were used to compare the capacity of age, sex, and 58 Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict AD status using several statistical models. Model performance was assessed with Brier scores and tenfold cross-validation. Genotype and sex × age estimates from the best performing model were combined with age and intercept estimates from the general population to develop a personalized genetic risk score, termed age, and sex-adjusted GenoRisk. RESULTS The elastic net model that included age, age x sex interaction, allelic APOE terms, and 29 additional SNPs performed the best. This model explained an additional 19% of the heritable risk compared to APOE genotype alone and achieved an area under the curve of 0.747. DISCUSSION GenoRisk could improve the risk assessment of individuals identified for prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce L Brown
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University-Hawaii Laie Hawaii USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University-Hawaii Laie Hawaii USA
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27
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Jones NS, Watson KQ, Rebeck GW. High-fat diet increases gliosis and immediate early gene expression in APOE3 mice, but not APOE4 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:214. [PMID: 34537055 PMCID: PMC8449905 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and obesity is a strong environmental risk factor for AD. These factors result in multiple central nervous system (CNS) disturbances and significantly increase chances of AD. Since over 20% of the US population carry the APOE4 allele and over 40% are obese, it is important to understand how these risk factors interact to affect neurons and glia in the CNS. Methods We fed male and female APOE3 and APOE4 knock-in mice a high-fat diet (HFD-45% kcal fat) or a "control" diet (CD-10% kcal fat) for 12 weeks beginning at 6 months of age. At the end of the 12 weeks, brains were collected and analyzed for gliosis, neuroinflammatory genes, and neuronal integrity. Results APOE3 mice on HFD, but not APOE4 mice, experienced increases in gliosis as measured by GFAP and Iba1 immunostaining. APOE4 mice on HFD showed a stronger increase in the expression of Adora2a than APOE3 mice. Finally, APOE3 mice on HFD, but not APOE4 mice, also showed increased neuronal expression of immediate early genes cFos and Arc. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that APOE genotype and obesity interact in their effects on important processes particularly related to inflammation and neuronal plasticity in the CNS. During the early stages of obesity, the APOE3 genotype modulates a response to HFD while the APOE4 genotype does not. This supports a model where early dysregulation of inflammation in APOE4 brains could predispose to CNS damages from various insults and later result in the increased CNS damage normally associated with the APOE4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahdia S Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Katarina Q Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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28
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Sapkota S, McFall GP, Masellis M, Dixon RA. A Multimodal Risk Network Predicts Executive Function Trajectories in Non-demented Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:621023. [PMID: 34603005 PMCID: PMC8482841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.621023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple modalities of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors may operate through interacting networks to predict differential cognitive trajectories in asymptomatic aging. We test such a network in a series of three analytic steps. First, we test independent associations between three risk scores (functional-health, lifestyle-reserve, and a combined multimodal risk score) and cognitive [executive function (EF)] trajectories. Second, we test whether all three associations are moderated by the most penetrant AD genetic risk [Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4+ allele]. Third, we test whether a non-APOE AD genetic risk score further moderates these APOE × multimodal risk score associations. Methods: We assembled a longitudinal data set (spanning a 40-year band of aging, 53-95 years) with non-demented older adults (baseline n = 602; Mage = 70.63(8.70) years; 66% female) from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS). The measures included for each modifiable risk score were: (1) functional-health [pulse pressure (PP), grip strength, and body mass index], (2) lifestyle-reserve (physical, social, cognitive-integrative, cognitive-novel activities, and education), and (3) the combination of functional-health and lifestyle-reserve risk scores. Two AD genetic risk markers included (1) APOE and (2) a combined AD-genetic risk score (AD-GRS) comprised of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Clusterin[rs11136000], Complement receptor 1[rs6656401], Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein[rs3851179]). The analytics included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), longitudinal invariance testing, and latent growth curve modeling. Structural path analyses were deployed to test and compare prediction models for EF performance and change. Results: First, separate analyses showed that higher functional-health risk scores, lifestyle-reserve risk scores, and the combined score, predicted poorer EF performance and steeper decline. Second, APOE and AD-GRS moderated the association between functional-health risk score and the combined risk score, on EF performance and change. Specifically, only older adults in the APOEε4- group showed steeper EF decline with high risk scores on both functional-health and combined risk score. Both associations were further magnified for adults with high AD-GRS. Conclusion: The present multimodal AD risk network approach incorporated both modifiable and genetic risk scores to predict EF trajectories. The results add an additional degree of precision to risk profile calculations for asymptomatic aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sapkota
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G. Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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29
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Ebenau JL, van der Lee SJ, Hulsman M, Tesi N, Jansen IE, Verberk IM, van Leeuwenstijn M, Teunissen CE, Barkhof F, Prins ND, Scheltens P, Holstege H, van Berckel BN, van der Flier WM. Risk of dementia in APOE ε4 carriers is mitigated by a polygenic risk score. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12229. [PMID: 34541285 PMCID: PMC8438688 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated relationships among genetic determinants of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid/tau/neurodegenaration (ATN) biomarkers, and risk of dementia. METHODS We studied cognitively normal individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort and SCIENCe project. We examined associations between genetic variants and ATN biomarkers, and evaluated their predictive value for incident dementia. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated based on 39 genetic variants. The APOE gene was not included in the PRS and was analyzed separately. RESULTS The PRS and APOE ε4 were associated with amyloid-positive ATN profiles, and APOE ε4 additionally with isolated increased tau (A-T+N-). A high PRS and APOE ε4 separately predicted AD dementia. Combined, a high PRS increased while a low PRS attenuated the risk associated with ε4 carriers. DISCUSSION Genetic variants beyond APOE are clinically relevant and contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. In the future, a PRS might be used in individualized risk profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarith L. Ebenau
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sven J. van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Niccolò Tesi
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Iris E. Jansen
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait GeneticsCenter for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVU UniversityAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Inge M.W. Verberk
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mardou van Leeuwenstijn
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image ComputingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niels D. Prins
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands
| | - Bart N.M. van Berckel
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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30
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Franks PW, Melén E, Friedman M, Sundström J, Kockum I, Klareskog L, Almqvist C, Bergen SE, Czene K, Hägg S, Hall P, Johnell K, Malarstig A, Catrina A, Hagström H, Benson M, Gustav Smith J, Gomez MF, Orho-Melander M, Jacobsson B, Halfvarson J, Repsilber D, Oresic M, Jern C, Melin B, Ohlsson C, Fall T, Rönnblom L, Wadelius M, Nordmark G, Johansson Å, Rosenquist R, Sullivan PF. Technological readiness and implementation of genomic-driven precision medicine for complex diseases. J Intern Med 2021; 290:602-620. [PMID: 34213793 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fields of human genetics and genomics have generated considerable knowledge about the mechanistic basis of many diseases. Genomic approaches to diagnosis, prognostication, prevention and treatment - genomic-driven precision medicine (GDPM) - may help optimize medical practice. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of GDPM of complex diseases across major medical specialties. We focus on technological readiness: how rapidly a test can be implemented into health care. Although these areas of medicine are diverse, key similarities exist across almost all areas. Many medical areas have, within their standards of care, at least one GDPM test for a genetic variant of strong effect that aids the identification/diagnosis of a more homogeneous subset within a larger disease group or identifies a subset with different therapeutic requirements. However, for almost all complex diseases, the majority of patients do not carry established single-gene mutations with large effects. Thus, research is underway that seeks to determine the polygenic basis of many complex diseases. Nevertheless, most complex diseases are caused by the interplay of genetic, behavioural and environmental risk factors, which will likely necessitate models for prediction and diagnosis that incorporate genetic and non-genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Franks
- From the, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Friedman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Sundström
- Department of Cardiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden.,George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Kockum
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Klareskog
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Johnell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Malarstig
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pfizer, Worldwide Research and Development, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Catrina
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Hagström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkopings Universitet, Linkoping, Sweden.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M F Gomez
- From the, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Orho-Melander
- From the, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Jacobsson
- Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Halfvarson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - D Repsilber
- Functional Bioinformatics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Oresic
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - C Jern
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, CBAR, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Wadelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Johansson
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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31
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Cuestas Torres DM, Cardenas FP. Synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:245-268. [PMID: 32250284 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The strength and efficiency of synaptic connections are affected by the environment or the experience of the individual. This property, called synaptic plasticity, is directly related to memory and learning processes and has been modeled at the cellular level. These types of cellular memory and learning models include specific stimulation protocols that generate a long-term strengthening of the synapses, called long-term potentiation, or a weakening of the said long-term synapses, called long-term depression. Although, for decades, researchers have believed that the main cause of the cognitive deficit that characterizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging was the loss of neurons, the hypothesis of an imbalance in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity underlying this deficit is currently widely accepted. An understanding of the molecular and cellular changes underlying the process of synaptic plasticity during the development of AD and aging will direct future studies to specific targets, resulting in the development of much more efficient and specific therapeutic strategies. In this review, we classify, discuss, and describe the main findings related to changes in the neurophysiological mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in excitatory synapses underlying AD and aging. In addition, we suggest possible mechanisms in which aging can become a high-risk factor for the development of AD and how its development could be prevented or slowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Cuestas Torres
- Departamento de Psicología and Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 N° 18A-12, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando P Cardenas
- Departamento de Psicología, Laboratorio de Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 N° 18A-12, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
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32
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Paliwal D, McInerney TW, Pa J, Swerdlow RH, Easteal S, Andrews SJ. Mitochondrial pathway polygenic risk scores are associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:213-222. [PMID: 34521561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic, animal and epidemiological studies involving biomolecular and clinical endophenotypes implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) provide a novel approach to assess biological pathway-associated disease risk by combining the effects of variation at multiple, functionally related genes. We investigated the associations of PRS for genes involved in 12 mitochondrial pathways (pathway-PRS) with AD in 854 participants from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Pathway-PRS for the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genome (OR: 1.99 [95% Cl: 1.70, 2.35]) and three mitochondrial pathways is significantly associated with increased AD risk: (i) response to oxidative stress (OR: 2.01 [95% Cl: 1.71, 2.38]); (ii) mitochondrial transport (OR: 1.81 [95% Cl: 1.55, 2.13]); (iii) hallmark oxidative phosphorylation (OR: 1.22 [95% Cl: 1.06, 1.40]. Therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways may have the potential for modifying AD pathogenesis. Further investigation is required to establish a causal role for these pathways in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashi Paliwal
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Tim W McInerney
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Judy Pa
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Simon Easteal
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.
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33
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Jia L, Li F, Wei C, Zhu M, Qu Q, Qin W, Tang Y, Shen L, Wang Y, Shen L, Li H, Peng D, Tan L, Luo B, Guo Q, Tang M, Du Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Lyu J, Li Y, Zhou A, Wang F, Chu C, Song H, Wu L, Zuo X, Han Y, Liang J, Wang Q, Jin H, Wang W, Lü Y, Li F, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Liao Z, Qiu Q, Li Y, Kong C, Li Y, Jiao H, Lu J, Jia J. Prediction of Alzheimer's disease using multi-variants from a Chinese genome-wide association study. Brain 2021; 144:924-937. [PMID: 33188687 PMCID: PMC8041344 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies have identified dozens of susceptibility loci for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, but few of these loci have been validated in longitudinal cohorts. Establishing predictive models of Alzheimer’s disease based on these novel variants is clinically important for verifying whether they have pathological functions and provide a useful tool for screening of disease risk. In the current study, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study of 3913 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 7593 controls and identified four novel variants (rs3777215, rs6859823, rs234434, and rs2255835; Pcombined = 3.07 × 10−19, 2.49 × 10−23, 1.35 × 10−67, and 4.81 × 10−9, respectively) as well as nine variants in the apolipoprotein E region with genome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10−8). Literature mining suggested that these novel single nucleotide polymorphisms are related to amyloid precursor protein transport and metabolism, antioxidation, and neurogenesis. Based on their possible roles in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, we used different combinations of these variants and the apolipoprotein E status and successively built 11 predictive models. The predictive models include relatively few single nucleotide polymorphisms useful for clinical practice, in which the maximum number was 13 and the minimum was only four. These predictive models were all significant and their peak of area under the curve reached 0.73 both in the first and second stages. Finally, these models were validated using a separate longitudinal cohort of 5474 individuals. The results showed that individuals carrying risk variants included in the models had a shorter latency and higher incidence of Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that our models can predict Alzheimer’s disease onset in a population with genetic susceptibility. The effectiveness of the models for predicting Alzheimer’s disease onset confirmed the contributions of these identified variants to disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, this is the first study to validate genome-wide association study-based predictive models for evaluating the risk of Alzheimer’s disease onset in a large Chinese population. The clinical application of these models will be beneficial for individuals harbouring these risk variants, and particularly for young individuals seeking genetic consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cuibai Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Muni Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Jihui Lyu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Aihong Zhou
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zuo
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Han
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Liang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Geriatric, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Cognitive Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongqiong Qiu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Kong
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haishan Jiao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Oscanoa TJ, Cieza EC, Grimaldo O, Andia YB, Lizaraso-Soto FA, Guevara ML, Fujita RM, Romero-Ortuno R. Use of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Polymorphism and Associations with Memory Performance in Older People. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Stocker H, Nabers A, Perna L, Möllers T, Rujescu D, Hartmann AM, Holleczek B, Schöttker B, Stockmann J, Gerwert K, Brenner H. Genetic predisposition, Aβ misfolding in blood plasma, and Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:261. [PMID: 33934115 PMCID: PMC8088439 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is highly heritable and characterized by amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic predisposition, Aβ misfolding in blood plasma, a unique marker of Alzheimer associated neuropathological changes, and Alzheimer's disease occurrence within 14 years. Within a German community-based cohort, two polygenic risk scores (clinical Alzheimer's disease and Aβ42 based) were calculated, APOE genotype was determined, and Aβ misfolding in blood plasma was measured by immuno-infrared sensor in 59 participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease during 14 years of follow-up and 581 participants without dementia diagnosis. Associations between each genetic marker and Aβ misfolding were assessed through logistic regression and the ability of each genetic marker and Aβ misfolding to predict Alzheimer's disease was determined. The Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score and APOE ε4 presence were associated to Aβ misfolding (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: per standard deviation increase of score: 1.25, 1.03-1.51; APOE ε4 presence: 1.61, 1.04-2.49). No association was evident for the Aβ polygenic risk score. All genetic markers were predictive of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis albeit much less so than Aβ misfolding (areas under the curve: Aβ polygenic risk score: 0.55; AD polygenic risk score: 0.59; APOE ε4: 0.63; Aβ misfolding: 0.84). Clinical Alzheimer's genetic risk was associated to early pathological changes (Aβ misfolding) measured in blood, however, predicted Alzheimer's disease less accurately than Aβ misfolding itself. Genetic predisposition may provide information regarding disease initiation, while Aβ misfolding could be important in clinical risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stocker
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Nabers
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biophysics, Competence Center for Biospectroscopy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Perna
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Möllers
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Ben Schöttker
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Stockmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biophysics, Competence Center for Biospectroscopy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biophysics, Competence Center for Biospectroscopy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Alexopoulos P, Papanastasiou AD, Εconomou P, Beis P, Niforas M, Dassios TG, Kormpaki A, Zarkadis IK, Reichel M, Kornhuber J, Perneczky R, Gourzis P. Associations between APOE-, COMT Val108/158Met- and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and variations in depressive and anxiety symptoms, sense of coherence and vital exhaustion in the real-life setting of mandatory basic military training. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:105-114. [PMID: 33394176 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε, catechol-O-methytranferase (COMT) Val108/158Met and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were shown to affect stress perception and response. The present study explored possible associations between these SNPs and changes in subclinical anxiety- and depressive symptoms, sense of coherence (SOC) and vital exhaustion (VE) during compulsory basic military training. The study encompassed 179 conscripts of a training base in Greece. The neuropsychiatric assessment was based on the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Antonovsky SOC scale and the Maastricht Questionnaire. It was conducted at three time points of the 19-day basic military training: on day one (baseline), day six (follow-up I) and day 13 (follow-up II). Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and cross-sectional time series regression models based on the Skillings-Mack statistic. APOE ε4 non-carriers encountered significant changes in anxiety- and depressive symptoms and SOC (in all cases P < 0.001) over the observation period, whilst ε4 carriers did not. The changes in anxiety, depressive symptoms and SOC attained statistical significance in both BDNF Met66 carriers (in all cases P < 0.001) and non-carriers (P = 0.036; < 0.001; < 0.001, respectively) as well as in COMT Met108/158 carriers (P = 0.004; < 0.001; < 0.001, respectively) and non-carriers (P = 0.02; 0.01; 0.021, respectively. Changes over time in VE were not significant (P > 0.05). The observed resistance of APOE ε4 carriers vs non-carriers to changes in anxiety- and depressive symptoms and SOC when exposed to a stressful environment may point to superior coping capacities of healthy young men carrying the ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anastasios D Papanastasiou
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Street, 12243, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Polychronis Εconomou
- Department of Civil Engineering (Statistics), School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Pavlos Beis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Michail Niforas
- Health Unit, Training Center of Technical Corps of the Hellenic Army, Maragkopoulou Str. 2, 26331, Patras, Greece
- Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, Center for Foot and Endoprothetic Joint Surgery, Malteser Clinics Rhein-Ruhr Duisburg, St. Johannesstift, Johannisstr. 21, 47198, Duisburg-Homberg, Germany
| | - Theodore G Dassios
- Health Unit, Training Center of Technical Corps of the Hellenic Army, Maragkopoulou Str. 2, 26331, Patras, Greece
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Aggeliki Kormpaki
- Health Unit, Training Center of Technical Corps of the Hellenic Army, Maragkopoulou Str. 2, 26331, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Zarkadis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
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Bermejo-Pareja F, Contador I, Del Ser T, Olazarán J, Llamas-Velasco S, Vega S, Benito-León J. Predementia constructs: Mild cognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder? A narrative review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020. [PMID: 33340379 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predementia is a heuristic umbrella concept to classify older adults with cognitive impairment who do not suffer dementia. Many diagnostic entities have been proposed to address this concept, but most of them have not had widespread acceptance. AIMS To review clinical definitions, epidemiologic data (prevalence, incidence) and rate of conversion to dementia of the main predementia constructs, with special interest in the two most frequently used: mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and minor neurocognitive disorder (miNCD). METHODS We have selected in three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google scholar) the references from inception to 31 December 2019 of relevant reviews, population and community-based surveys, and clinical series with >500 participants and >3 years follow-up as the best source of evidence. MAIN RESULTS The history of predementia constructs shows that MCI is the most referred entity. It is widely recognized as a clinical syndrome harbinger of dementia of several etiologies, mainly MCI due to Alzheimer's disease. The operational definition of MCI has shortcomings: vagueness of its requirement of "preserved independence in functional abilities" and others. The recent miNCD construct presents analogous difficulties. Current data indicate that it is a stricter predementia condition, with lower prevalence than MCI, less sensitivity to cognitive decline and, possibly, higher conversion rate to dementia. CONCLUSIONS MCI is a widely employed research and clinical entity. Preliminary data indicate that the clinical use of miNCD instead of MCI requires more scientific evidence. Both approaches have common limitations that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- Research Institute (Imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Contador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teodoro Del Ser
- Alzheimer's Disease Investigation Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Research Institute (Imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julián Benito-León
- Research Institute (Imas12), University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
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Hong S, Prokopenko D, Dobricic V, Kilpert F, Bos I, Vos SJB, Tijms BM, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Vandenberghe R, Cleynen I, Gabel S, Schaeverbeke J, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Niemantsverdriet E, Engelborghs S, Frisoni G, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Molinuevo JL, Rami L, Kettunen P, Wallin A, Lleó A, Sala I, Popp J, Peyratout G, Martinez-Lage P, Tainta M, Dobson RJB, Legido-Quigley C, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Ten Kate M, Barkhof F, Zetterberg H, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Wittig M, Franke A, Tanzi RE, Visser PJ, Bertram L. Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:403. [PMID: 33223526 PMCID: PMC7680793 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case-control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures derived from quantifications of five separate amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to Aβ42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-Aβ38 and CSF-Aβ40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case-control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-Aβ and -tau-related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Hong
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Kilpert
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- AIX Marseille University, INS, Ap-hm, Marseille, France
| | | | - Regis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit, Hospital Clinic I Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit, Hospital Clinic I Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Peyratout
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Medicine Neuroscience, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Balcar VJ, Zeman T, Janout V, Janoutová J, Lochman J, Šerý O. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11136000 of CLU Gene (Clusterin, ApoJ) and the Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in a Central European Population. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:411-422. [PMID: 33206315 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU; also known as apolipoprotein J, ApoJ) is a protein of inconstant structure known to be involved in diverse processes inside and outside of brain cells. CLU can act as a protein chaperon or protein solubilizer, lipid transporter as well as redox sensor and be anti- or proapoptotic, depending on context. Primary structure of CLU is encoded by CLU gene which contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) associated with the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Studying a sample of Czech population and using the case-control association approach we identified C allele of the SNP rs11136000 as conferring a reduced risk of LOAD, more so in females than in males. Additionally, data from two smaller subsets of the population sample suggested a possible association of rs11136000 with diabetes mellitus. In a parallel study, we found no association between rs11136000 and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our findings on rs11136000 and LOAD contradict those of some previous studies done elsewhere. We discuss the multiple roles of CLU in a broad range of molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the variability of genetic studies of CLU in various ethnic groups. The above discordance notwithstanding, our conclusions support the association of rs1113600 with the risk of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir J Balcar
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Zeman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Janout
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Present address: Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janoutová
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Present address: Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Wu Z, Phyo AZZ, Al-Harbi T, Woods RL, Ryan J. Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:459-478. [PMID: 33283167 PMCID: PMC7683100 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive aging is a dynamic process in late life with significant heterogeneity across individuals. Objective To review the evidence for latent classes of cognitive trajectories and to identify the associated predictors and outcomes. Methods A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles that identified two or more cognitive trajectories in adults. The study was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Results Thirty-seven studies were included, ranging from 219 to 9,704 participants, with a mean age of 60 to 93.4 years. Most studies (n = 30) identified distinct cognitive trajectories using latent class growth analysis. The trajectory profile commonly consisted of three to four classes with progressively decreasing baseline and increasing rate of decline-a 'stable-high' class characterized as maintenance of cognitive function at high level, a 'minor-decline' class or 'stable-medium' class that declines gradually over time, and a 'rapid-decline' class with the steepest downward slope. Generally, membership of better classes was predicted by younger age, being female, more years of education, better health, healthier lifestyle, higher social engagement and lack of genetic risk variants. Some factors (e.g., education) were found to be associated with cognitive function over time only within individual classes. Conclusion Cognitive aging in late life is a dynamic process with significant inter-individual variability. However, it remains unclear whether similar patterns of cognitive aging are observed across all cognitive domains. Further research into unique factors which promote the maintenance of high-cognitive function is needed to help inform public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aung Zaw Zaw Phyo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tagrid Al-Harbi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn L Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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41
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Abdul Manap AS, Madhavan P, Vijayabalan S, Chia A, Fukui K. Explicating anti-amyloidogenic role of curcumin and piperine via amyloid beta (A β) explicit pathway: recovery and reversal paradigm effects. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10003. [PMID: 33062432 PMCID: PMC7532763 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the synergistic effects of curcumin and piperine in cell cultures as potential anti-cholinesterase and anti-amyloidogenic agents. Due to limited findings on the enrolment of these compounds on epigenetic events in AD, we aimed at elucidating the expression profiles of Aβ42-induced SH-SY5Y cells using microarray profiling. In this study, an optimized concentration of 35 µM of curcumin and piperine in combination was used to treat Aβ42 fibril and high-throughput microarray profiling was performed on the extracted RNA. This was then compared to curcumin and piperine used singularly at 49.11 µM and 25 µM, respectively. Our results demonstrated that in the curcumin treated group, from the top 10 upregulated and top 10 downregulated significantly differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ -2), there were five upregulated and three downregulated genes involved in the amyloidogenic pathway. While from top 10 upregulated and top 10 downregulated significantly differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ - 2) in the piperine treated group, there were four upregulated and three downregulated genes involved in the same pathway, whereas there were five upregulated and two downregulated genes involved (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ - 2) in the curcumin-piperine combined group. Four genes namely GABARAPL1, CTSB, RAB5 and AK5 were expressed significantly in all groups. Other genes such as ITPR1, GSK3B, PPP3CC, ERN1, APH1A, CYCS and CALM2 were novel putative genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. We revealed that curcumin and piperine have displayed their actions against Aβ via the modulation of various mechanistic pathways. Alterations in expression profiles of genes in the neuronal cell model may explain Aβ pathology post-treatment and provide new insights for remedial approaches of a combined treatment using curcumin and piperine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Koji Fukui
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
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De Cesco S, Davis JB, Brennan PE. TargetDB: A target information aggregation tool and tractability predictor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232644. [PMID: 32877430 PMCID: PMC7467329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When trying to identify new potential therapeutic protein targets, access to data and knowledge is increasingly important. In a field where new resources and data sources become available every day, it is crucial to be able to take a step back and look at the wider picture in order to identify potential drug targets. While this task is routinely performed by bespoke literature searches, it is often time-consuming and lacks uniformity when comparing multiple targets at one time. To address this challenge, we developed TargetDB, a tool that aggregates public information available on given target(s) (links to disease, safety, 3D structures, ligandability, novelty, etc.) and assembles it in an easy to read output ready for the researcher to analyze. In addition, we developed a target scoring system based on the desirable attributes of good therapeutic targets and machine learning classification system to categorize novel targets as having promising or challenging tractrability. In this manuscript, we present the methodology used to develop TargetDB as well as test cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane De Cesco
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United-Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PEB); (SDC)
| | - John B. Davis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United-Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United-Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PEB); (SDC)
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Roberts JS, Patterson AK, Uhlmann WR. Genetic testing for neurodegenerative diseases: Ethical and health communication challenges. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104871. [PMID: 32302673 PMCID: PMC7311284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic science are informing an expansion of genetic testing for neurodegenerative diseases, which can be used for diagnostic and predictive purposes and performed in both medical and consumer genomics settings. Such testing-which is often for severe and incurable conditions like Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases-raises important ethical and health communication challenges. This review addresses such challenges in the contexts of clinical, research, and direct-to-consumer genetic testing; these include informed consent, risk estimation and communication, potential benefits and psychosocial harms of genetic information (e.g., genetic discrimination), access to services, education and workforce needs, and health policies. The review also highlights future areas of likely growth in the field, including polygenic risk scores, use of genetic testing in clinical trials, and return of individual research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Roberts
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Anne K Patterson
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Wendy R Uhlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, United States of America
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Nelson PT, Fardo DW, Katsumata Y. The MUC6/AP2A2 Locus and Its Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:568-584. [PMID: 32357373 PMCID: PMC7241941 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked genetic variation within the mucin 6 (MUC6) gene on chromosome 11p, nearby the adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 2 (AP2A2) gene. This locus has interesting features related to human genomics and clinical research. MUC6 gene variants have been reported to potentially influence viral-including herpesvirus-immunity and the gut microbiome. Within the MUC6 gene is a unique variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) region. We discovered an association between MUC6 VNTR repeat expansion and AD pathologic severity, particularly tau proteinopathy. Here, we review the relevant literature. The AD-linked VNTR polymorphism may also influence AP2A2 gene expression. AP2A2 encodes a polypeptide component of the adaptor protein complex, AP-2, which is involved in clathrin-coated vesicle function and was previously implicated in AD pathogenesis. To provide background information, we describe some key knowledge gaps in AD genetics research. The "missing/hidden heritability problem" of AD is highlighted. Extensive portions of the human genome, including the MUC6 VNTR, have not been thoroughly evaluated due to limitations of existing high-throughput sequencing technology. We present and discuss additional data, along with cautionary considerations, relevant to the hypothesis that MUC6 repeat expansion influences AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Sanghvi H, Singh R, Morrin H, Rajkumar AP. Systematic review of genetic association studies in people with Lewy body dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:436-448. [PMID: 31898332 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lewy body dementia (LBD) causes more morbidity, disability, and earlier mortality than Alzheimer disease. Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in LBD are poorly understood. We aimed to do a systematic review of all genetic association studies that investigated people with LBD for improving our understanding of LBD molecular genetics and for facilitating discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LBD. METHODS We systematically reviewed five online databases (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018087114) and completed the quality assessment using the quality of genetic association studies tool. RESULTS Eight thousand five hundred twenty-one articles were screened, and 75 articles were eligible to be included. Genetic associations of LBD with APOE, GBA, and SNCA variants have been replicated by two or more good quality studies. Our meta-analyses confirmed that APOE-ε4 is significantly associated with dementia with Lewy bodies (pooled odds ratio [POR] = 2.70; 95% CI, 2.37-3.07; P < .001) and Parkinson's disease dementia (POR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.21-2.11; P = .001). Other reported genetic associations that need further replication include variants in A2M, BCHE-K, BCL7C, CHRFAM7A, CNTN1, ESR1, GABRB3, MAPT, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup H, NOS2A, PSEN1, SCARB2, TFAM, TREM2, and UCHL1. CONCLUSIONS The reported genetic associations and their potential interactions indicate the importance of α-synuclein, amyloid, and tau pathology, autophagy lysosomal pathway, ubiquitin proteasome system, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in LBD. There is a need for larger genome-wide association study (GWAS) for identifying more LBD-associated genes. Future hypothesis-driven studies should aim to replicate reported genetic associations of LBD and to explore their functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Sanghvi
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ricky Singh
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hamilton Morrin
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Bellou E, Baker E, Leonenko G, Bracher-Smith M, Daunt P, Menzies G, Williams J, Escott-Price V. Age-dependent effect of APOE and polygenic component on Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:69-77. [PMID: 32464432 PMCID: PMC7308803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition with significant genetic heritability. Several genes have been implicated in the onset of AD with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene being the strongest single genetic risk loci. Evidence suggests that the effect of APOE alters with age during disease progression. Here, we aim to investigate the impact of APOE and other variants outside the APOE region on AD risk in younger and older participants. Using data from both the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the UK Biobank, we computed the polygenic risk score of each individual informed by the latest genetic study from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. Our analysis showed that the effect of APOE on the disease risk is greater in younger participants and reduces as participants' age increases. Our findings indicate the increased impact of polygenic risk score as participants' age increases. Therefore, AD in older individuals can potentially be triggered by the cumulative effect of genes which are outside the APOE region. Polygenic risk score analysis was used in ADNI and the UK Biobank data sets. APOE's effect on Alzheimer's disease risk was greater in the younger group (age<80 years). Genes outside APOE region could trigger Alzheimer's disease in older ages (age≥80 years). No considerable reduction of APOE ε4 alleles in ages less than and more than 80 years old. Age-specific genetic scores could aid in clinical trials and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Bellou
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Baker
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Bracher-Smith
- UK Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Daunt
- Cytox Ltd, Work.life, Core, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Menzies
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; UK Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; UK Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Perdigão C, Barata MA, Araújo MN, Mirfakhar FS, Castanheira J, Guimas Almeida C. Intracellular Trafficking Mechanisms of Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:72. [PMID: 32362813 PMCID: PMC7180223 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss. Although AD neuropathological hallmarks are extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles, the best correlate of disease progression is synapse loss. What causes synapse loss has been the focus of several researchers in the AD field. Synapses become dysfunctional before plaques and tangles form. Studies based on early-onset familial AD (eFAD) models have supported that synaptic transmission is depressed by β-amyloid (Aβ) triggered mechanisms. Since eFAD is rare, affecting only 1% of patients, research has shifted to the study of the most common late-onset AD (LOAD). Intracellular trafficking has emerged as one of the pathways of LOAD genes. Few studies have assessed the impact of trafficking LOAD genes on synapse dysfunction. Since endocytic traffic is essential for synaptic function, we reviewed Aβ-dependent and independent mechanisms of the earliest synaptic dysfunction in AD. We have focused on the role of intraneuronal and secreted Aβ oligomers, highlighting the dysfunction of endocytic trafficking as an Aβ-dependent mechanism of synapse dysfunction in AD. Here, we reviewed the LOAD trafficking genes APOE4, ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, PICALM, EPH1A, and SORL1, for which there is a synaptic link. We conclude that in eFAD and LOAD, the earliest synaptic dysfunctions are characterized by disruptions of the presynaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis and of postsynaptic glutamate receptor endocytosis. While in eFAD synapse dysfunction seems to be triggered by Aβ, in LOAD, there might be a direct synaptic disruption by LOAD trafficking genes. To identify promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers of the earliest synaptic dysfunction in AD, it will be necessary to join efforts in further dissecting the mechanisms used by Aβ and by LOAD genes to disrupt synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Perdigão
- Laboratory Neuronal Trafficking in Aging, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana A Barata
- Laboratory Neuronal Trafficking in Aging, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida N Araújo
- Laboratory Neuronal Trafficking in Aging, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Farzaneh S Mirfakhar
- Laboratory Neuronal Trafficking in Aging, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Castanheira
- Laboratory Neuronal Trafficking in Aging, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Guimas Almeida
- Laboratory Neuronal Trafficking in Aging, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Penke B, Szűcs M, Bogár F. Oligomerization and Conformational Change Turn Monomeric β-Amyloid and Tau Proteins Toxic: Their Role in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071659. [PMID: 32260279 PMCID: PMC7180792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural polymorphism and the physiological and pathophysiological roles of two important proteins, β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, that play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reviewed. Recent results demonstrate that monomeric Aβ has important physiological functions. Toxic oligomeric Aβ assemblies (AβOs) may play a decisive role in AD pathogenesis. The polymorph fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) form has a very ordered cross-β structure and is assumed to be non-toxic. Tau monomers also have several important physiological actions; however, their oligomerization leads to toxic oligomers (TauOs). Further polymerization results in probably non-toxic fibrillar structures, among others neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Their structure was determined by cryo-electron microscopy at atomic level. Both AβOs and TauOs may initiate neurodegenerative processes, and their interactions and crosstalk determine the pathophysiological changes in AD. TauOs (perhaps also AβO) have prionoid character, and they may be responsible for cell-to-cell spreading of the disease. Both extra- and intracellular AβOs and TauOs (and not the previously hypothesized amyloid plaques and NFTs) may represent the novel targets of AD drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mária Szűcs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Li WW, Wang Z, Fan DY, Shen YY, Chen DW, Li HY, Li L, Yang H, Liu YH, Bu XL, Jin WS, Zeng F, Xu ZQ, Yu JT, Chen LY, Wang YJ. Association of Polygenic Risk Score with Age at Onset and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in a Chinese Cohort. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:696-704. [PMID: 32072450 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether the polygenic profile modifies the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) and pathological biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 462 sAD patients and 463 age-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls were genotyped for 35 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with sAD. Then, the alleles found to be associated with sAD were used to build polygenic risk score (PRS) models to represent the genetic risk. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the predictive value of PRS for the sAD risk and age at onset. We measured the CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) in a subgroup (60 sAD and 200 CN participants), and analyzed their relationships with the PRSs. We found that 14 SNPs, including SNPs in the APOE, BIN1, CD33, EPHA1, SORL1, and TOMM40 genes, were associated with sAD risk in our cohort. The PRS models built with these SNPs showed potential for discriminating sAD patients from CN controls, and were able to predict the incidence rate of sAD and age at onset. Furthermore, the PRSs were correlated with the CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, T-tau, and P-tau. Our study suggests that PRS models hold promise for assessing the genetic risk and development of AD. As genetic risk profiles vary among populations, large-scale genome-wide sequencing studies are urgently needed to identify the genetic risk loci of sAD in Chinese populations to build accurate PRS models for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dong-Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Jin
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Li-Yong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Scott
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Attia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ray Moynihan
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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