1
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Mazzarotto F, Monteleone P, Minelli A, Mattevi S, Cascino G, Rocca P, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Aguglia E, Altamura C, Amore M, Bellomo A, Bucci P, Collantoni E, Dell'Osso L, Di Fabio F, Fagiolini A, Giuliani L, Marchesi C, Martinotti G, Montemagni C, Pinna F, Pompili M, Rampino A, Roncone R, Siracusano A, Vita A, Zeppegno P, Galderisi S, Gennarelli M, Maj M. Genetic determinants of coping, resilience and self-esteem in schizophrenia suggest a primary role for social factors and hippocampal neurogenesis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116107. [PMID: 39096746 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder, associated with a reduction in life expectancy of 15-20 years. Available treatments are at least partially effective in most affected individuals, and personal resources such as resilience (successful adaptation despite adversity) and coping abilities (strategies used to deal with stressful or threatening situations), are important determinants of disease outcomes and long-term sustained recovery. Published findings support the existence of a genetic background underlying resilience and coping, with variable heritability estimates. However, genome-wide analyses concerning the genetic determinants of these personal resources, especially in the context of schizophrenia, are lacking. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study coupled with accessory analyses to investigate potential genetic determinants of resilience, coping and self-esteem in 490 schizophrenia patients. Results revealed a complex genetic background partly overlapping with that of neuroticism, worry and schizophrenia itself and support the importance of social aspects in shapingthese psychological constructs. Hippocampal neurogenesis and lipid metabolism appear to be potentially relevant biological underpinnings, and specific miRNAs such as miR-124 and miR-137 may warrant further studies as potential biomarkers. In conclusion, this study represents an important first step in the identification of genetic and biological correlates shaping resilience, coping resources and self-esteem in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mattevi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Altamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Bucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Collantoni
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Fabio
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Department of Mental Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Giuliani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiana Montemagni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Psychiatric Unit, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
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2
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Oliver D, Chesney E, Cullen AE, Davies C, Englund A, Gifford G, Kerins S, Lalousis PA, Logeswaran Y, Merritt K, Zahid U, Crossley NA, McCutcheon RA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105699. [PMID: 38710421 PMCID: PMC11250118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Robust epidemiological evidence of risk and protective factors for psychosis is essential to inform preventive interventions. Previous evidence syntheses have classified these risk and protective factors according to their strength of association with psychosis. In this critical review we appraise the distinct and overlapping mechanisms of 25 key environmental risk factors for psychosis, and link these to mechanistic pathways that may contribute to neurochemical alterations hypothesised to underlie psychotic symptoms. We then discuss the implications of our findings for future research, specifically considering interactions between factors, exploring universal and subgroup-specific factors, improving understanding of temporality and risk dynamics, standardising operationalisation and measurement of risk and protective factors, and developing preventive interventions targeting risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Edward Chesney
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alexis E Cullen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amir Englund
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - George Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Kerins
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanakan Logeswaran
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK
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3
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Segura AG, Serna EDL, Sugranyes G, Baeza I, Valli I, Martínez-Serrano I, Díaz-Caneja CM, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Moreno DM, Gassó P, Rodríguez N, Martínez-Pinteño A, Prohens L, Torrent C, García-Rizo C, Mas S, Castro-Fornieles J. Polygenic risk scores mediating functioning outcomes through cognitive and clinical features in youth at family risk and controls. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 81:28-37. [PMID: 38310718 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder exhibit substantial clinical overlap, particularly in individuals at familial high risk, who frequently present sub-threshold symptoms before the onset of illness. Severe mental disorders are highly polygenic traits, but their impact on the stages preceding the manifestation of mental disorders remains relatively unexplored. Our study aimed to examine the influence of polygenic risk scores (PRS) on sub-clinical outcomes over a 2-year period in youth at familial high risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and controls. The sample included 222 children and adolescents, comprising offspring of parents with schizophrenia (n = 38), bipolar disorder (n = 80), and community controls (n = 104). We calculated PRS for psychiatric disorders, neuroticism and cognition using the PRS-CS method. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to investigate the association between PRS and cognition, symptom severity and functioning. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether clinical features acted as intermediaries in the impact of PRS on functioning outcomes. SZoff exhibited elevated PRS for schizophrenia. In the entire sample, PRS for depression, neuroticism, and cognitive traits showed associations with sub-clinical features. The effect of PRS for neuroticism and general intelligence on functioning outcomes were mediated by cognition and symptoms severity, respectively. This study delves into the interplay among genetics, the emergence of sub-clinical symptoms and functioning outcomes, providing novel evidence on mechanisms underpinning the continuum from sub-threshold features to the onset of mental disorders. The findings underscore the interplay of genetics, cognition, and clinical features, providing insights for personalized early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Segura
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Valli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Serrano
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Andreu-Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores M Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Adolescent Inpatient Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez-Pinteño
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia Prohens
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Fundació Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Warren TL, Tubbs JD, Lesh TA, Corona MB, Pakzad SS, Albuquerque MD, Singh P, Zarubin V, Morse SJ, Sham PC, Carter CS, Nord AS. Association of neurotransmitter pathway polygenic risk with specific symptom profiles in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02457-0. [PMID: 38491343 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
A primary goal of psychiatry is to better understand the pathways that link genetic risk to psychiatric symptoms. Here, we tested association of diagnosis and endophenotypes with overall and neurotransmitter pathway-specific polygenic risk in patients with early-stage psychosis. Subjects included 205 demographically diverse cases with a psychotic disorder who underwent comprehensive psychiatric and neurological phenotyping and 115 matched controls. Following genotyping, we calculated polygenic scores (PGSs) for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium GWAS summary statistics. To test if overall genetic risk can be partitioned into affected neurotransmitter pathways, we calculated pathway PGSs (pPGSs) for SZ risk affecting each of four major neurotransmitter systems: glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and serotonin. Psychosis subjects had elevated SZ PGS versus controls; cases with SZ or BP diagnoses had stronger SZ or BP risk, respectively. There was no significant association within psychosis cases between individual symptom measures and overall PGS. However, neurotransmitter-specific pPGSs were moderately associated with specific endophenotypes; notably, glutamate was associated with SZ diagnosis and with deficits in cognitive control during task-based fMRI, while dopamine was associated with global functioning. Finally, unbiased endophenotype-driven clustering identified three diagnostically mixed case groups that separated on primary deficits of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, global functioning, and cognitive control. All clusters showed strong genome-wide risk. Cluster 2, characterized by deficits in cognitive control and negative symptoms, additionally showed specific risk concentrated in glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. Due to the intensive characterization of our subjects, the present study was limited to a relatively small cohort. As such, results should be followed up with additional research at the population and mechanism level. Our study suggests pathway-based PGS analysis may be a powerful path forward to study genetic mechanisms driving psychiatric endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Warren
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Justin D Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mylena B Corona
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarvenaz S Pakzad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marina D Albuquerque
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Praveena Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Zarubin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sarah J Morse
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR.
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Alex S Nord
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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5
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Murillo-García N, Papiol S, Fernández-Cacho LM, Fatjó-Vilas M, Ayesa-Arriola R. Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e31. [PMID: 38465374 PMCID: PMC11059248 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected relatives may be related to the genetic burden of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic score approach can be useful for testing this question. AIM To assess the contribution of the polygenic risk scores for SCZ (PGS-SCZ) and polygenic scores for IQ (PGS-IQ) to the individual IQ and its difference from the mean IQ of the family (named family-IQ) through a family-based design in an FEP sample. METHODS The PAFIP-FAMILIES sample (Spain) consists of 122 FEP patients, 131 parents, 94 siblings, and 176 controls. They all completed the WAIS Vocabulary subtest for IQ estimation and provided a DNA sample. We calculated PGS-SCZ and PGS-IQ using the continuous shrinkage method. To account for relatedness in our sample, we performed linear mixed models. We controlled for covariates potentially related to IQ, including age, years of education, sex, and ancestry principal components. RESULTS FEP patients significantly deviated from their family-IQ. FEP patients had higher PGS-SCZ than other groups, whereas the relatives had intermediate scores between patients and controls. PGS-IQ did not differ between groups. PGS-SCZ significantly predicted the deviation from family-IQ, whereas PGS-IQ significantly predicted individual IQ. CONCLUSIONS PGS-SCZ discriminated between different levels of genetic risk for the disorder and was specifically related to patients' lower IQ in relation to family-IQ. The genetic background of the disorder may affect neurocognition through complex pathological processes interacting with environmental factors that prevent the individual from reaching their familial cognitive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Falkai, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Fernández-Cacho
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Sisters Hospitallers Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Park J, Lee E, Cho G, Hwang H, Kim BG, Kim G, Joo YY, Cha J. Gene-environment pathways to cognitive intelligence and psychotic-like experiences in children. eLife 2024; 12:RP88117. [PMID: 38441539 PMCID: PMC10942586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In children, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are related to risk of psychosis, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders. Maladaptive cognitive functioning, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between these factors and childhood PLEs. Using large-scale longitudinal data, we tested the relationships of genetic and environmental factors (such as familial and neighborhood environment) with cognitive intelligence and their relationships with current and future PLEs in children. We leveraged large-scale multimodal data of 6,602 children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Linear mixed model and a novel structural equation modeling (SEM) method that allows estimation of both components and factors were used to estimate the joint effects of cognitive phenotypes polygenic scores (PGSs), familial and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), and supportive environment on NIH Toolbox cognitive intelligence and PLEs. We adjusted for ethnicity (genetically defined), schizophrenia PGS, and additionally unobserved confounders (using computational confound modeling). Our findings indicate that lower cognitive intelligence and higher PLEs are significantly associated with lower PGSs for cognitive phenotypes, lower familial SES, lower neighborhood SES, and less supportive environments. Specifically, cognitive intelligence mediates the effects of these factors on PLEs, with supportive parenting and positive school environments showing the strongest impact on reducing PLEs. This study underscores the influence of genetic and environmental factors on PLEs through their effects on cognitive intelligence. Our findings have policy implications in that improving school and family environments and promoting local economic development may enhance cognitive and mental health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, College of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gyeongcheol Cho
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - Heungsun Hwang
- Department of Psychology, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Bo-Gyeom Kim
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gakyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Samsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, College of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Hess JL, Mattheisen M, Greenwood TA, Tsuang MT, Edenberg HJ, Holmans P, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia: Replication in 18,090 cases and 28,114 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32957. [PMID: 37551635 PMCID: PMC10850427 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying heritable factors that moderate the genetic risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) could help clarify why some individuals remain unaffected despite having relatively high genetic liability. Previously, we developed a framework to mine genome-wide association (GWAS) data for common genetic variants that protect high-risk unaffected individuals from SCZ, leading to derivation of the first-ever "polygenic resilience score" for SCZ (resilient controls n = 3786; polygenic risk score-matched SCZ cases n = 18,619). Here, we performed a replication study to verify the moderating effect of our polygenic resilience score on SCZ risk (OR = 1.09, p = 4.03 × 10-5 ) using newly released GWAS data from 23 independent case-control studies collated by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) (resilient controls n = 2821; polygenic risk score-matched SCZ cases n = 5150). Additionally, we sought to optimize our polygenic resilience-scoring formula to improve subsequent modeling of resilience to SCZ and other complex disorders. We found significant replication of the polygenic resilience score, and found that strict pruning of SNPs based on linkage disequilibrium to known risk SNPs and their linked loci optimizes the performance of the polygenic resilience score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Jameei H, Rakesh D, Zalesky A, Cairns MJ, Reay WR, Wray NR, Di Biase MA. Linking Polygenic Risk of Schizophrenia to Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Measures: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:32-46. [PMID: 37354489 PMCID: PMC10754175 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is highly heritable, with a polygenic effect of many genes conferring risk. Evidence on whether cumulative risk also predicts alterations in brain morphology and function is inconsistent. This systematic review examined evidence for schizophrenia polygenic risk score (sczPRS) associations with commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. We expected consistent evidence to emerge for significant sczPRS associations with variation in structure and function, specifically in frontal, temporal, and insula cortices that are commonly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. STUDY DESIGN In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2013 and March 2022. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria and National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools. STUDY RESULTS In total, 57 studies of T1-weighted structural, diffusion, and functional MRI were included (age range = 9-80 years, Nrange = 64-76 644). We observed moderate, albeit preliminary, evidence for higher sczPRS predicting global reductions in cortical thickness and widespread variation in functional connectivity, and to a lesser extent, region-specific reductions in frontal and temporal volume and thickness. Conversely, sczPRS does not predict whole-brain surface area or gray/white matter volume. Limited evidence emerged for sczPRS associations with diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure in a large community sample and smaller cohorts of children and young adults. These findings were broadly consistent across community and clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS Our review supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a disorder of disrupted within and between-region brain connectivity, and points to specific whole-brain and regional MRI metrics that may provide useful intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jameei
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Warren TL, Tubbs JD, Lesh TA, Corona MB, Pakzad S, Albuquerque M, Singh P, Zarubin V, Morse S, Sham PC, Carter CS, Nord AS. Association of neurotransmitter pathway polygenic risk with specific symptom profiles in psychosis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.24.23290465. [PMID: 37292649 PMCID: PMC10246134 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.23290465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A primary goal of psychiatry is to better understand the pathways that link genetic risk to psychiatric symptoms. Here, we tested association of diagnosis and endophenotypes with overall and neurotransmitter pathway-specific polygenic risk in patients with early-stage psychosis. Subjects included 206 demographically diverse cases with a psychotic disorder who underwent comprehensive psychiatric and neurological phenotyping and 115 matched controls. Following genotyping, we calculated polygenic scores (PGSs) for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium GWAS summary statistics. To test if overall genetic risk can be partitioned into affected neurotransmitter pathways, we calculated pathway PGSs (pPGSs) for SZ risk affecting each of four major neurotransmitter systems: glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and serotonin. Psychosis subjects had elevated SZ PGS versus controls; cases with SZ or BP diagnoses had stronger SZ or BP risk, respectively. There was no significant association within psychosis cases between individual symptom measures and overall PGS. However, neurotransmitter-specific pPGSs were moderately associated with specific endophenotypes; notably, glutamate was associated with SZ diagnosis and with deficits in cognitive control during task-based fMRI, while dopamine was associated with global functioning. Finally, unbiased endophenotype-driven clustering identified three diagnostically mixed case groups that separated on primary deficits of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, global functioning, and cognitive control. All clusters showed strong genome-wide risk. Cluster 2, characterized by deficits in cognitive control and negative symptoms, additionally showed specific risk concentrated in glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. Due to the intensive characterization of our subjects, the present study was limited to a relatively small cohort. As such, results should be followed up with additional research at the population and mechanism level. Our study suggests pathway-based PGS analysis may be a powerful path forward to study genetic mechanisms driving psychiatric endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin D. Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
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10
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Wang L, Li M, Guan B, Zeng L, Li X, Jiang X. Path Analysis of Self-Efficacy, Coping Style and Resilience on Depression in Patients with Recurrent Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1901-1910. [PMID: 37680590 PMCID: PMC10480561 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s421731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Based on the two mediating variables of self-efficacy and coping style, a multiple mediating model was constructed to explore the mechanism by which psychological resilience affects depression in patients with recurrent schizophrenia. Methods A total of 210 patients with recurrent schizophrenia who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Hunan Province, China, were enrolled. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), General Self-Efficacy Energy Scale (GSES) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to evaluate resilience, self-efficacy, coping style and depression. Path analysis was performed by constructing a structural equation model, and the mediating effect between variables was verified by the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method. Results Resilience, self-efficacy and positive coping together explained 53.2% of the variance in depression. (1) The total scores of self-efficacy, coping style, resilience and depression in patients with recurrent schizophrenia were 2.54±0.61, 31.73±9.62, 58.06±17.26 and 50.48±12.55, respectively. (2) Pearson analysis showed that the scores of self-efficacy, positive coping, resilience and depression were significantly correlated with depression (r=-0.24-0.51, P<0.01). (3) The path analysis showed that resilience directly affects depression (β=-0.401); additionally, resilience indirectly affects depression through self-efficacy (β=-0.179) and through the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and positive coping style (β=-0.024). Conclusion There is a high incidence of depression in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China, and intervention is needed. This research revealed that resilience directly affects depression in patients with recurrent schizophrenia and that self-efficacy and positive coping play a part in mediating resilience and depression in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. Implementing targeted interventions based on action paths to improve the level of resilience and reduce the incidence of depression has guiding significance in the field of occupational rehabilitation of patients with recurrent schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meizhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi Guan
- Department of Nursing, Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangnan Zeng
- Department of Nursing, Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Chauvière L. Early cognitive comorbidities before disease onset: A common symptom towards prevention of related brain diseases? Heliyon 2022; 8:e12259. [PMID: 36590531 PMCID: PMC9800323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases are very heterogeneous; however they also display multiple common risk factors and comorbidities. With a paucity of disease-modifying therapies, prevention became a health priority. Towards prevention, one strategy is to focus on similar symptoms of brain diseases occurring before disease onset. Cognitive deficits are a promising candidate as they occur across brain diseases before disease onset. Based on recent research, this review highlights the similarity of brain diseases and discusses how early cognitive deficits can be exploited to tackle disease prevention. After briefly introducing common risk factors, I review common comorbidities across brain diseases, with a focus on cognitive deficits before disease onset, reporting both experimental and clinical findings. Next, I describe network abnormalities associated with early cognitive deficits and discuss how these abnormalities can be targeted to prevent disease onset. A scenario on brain disease etiology with the idea that early cognitive deficits may constitute a common symptom of brain diseases is proposed.
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Kochunov P, Ma Y, Hatch KS, Gao S, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Adhikari BM, Bruce H, Van der vaart A, Goldwaser EL, Sotiras A, Kvarta MD, Ma T, Chen S, Nichols TE, Hong LE. Brain-wide versus genome-wide vulnerability biomarkers for severe mental illnesses. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4970-4983. [PMID: 36040723 PMCID: PMC9582367 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including major depressive (MDD), bipolar (BD), and schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) disorders have multifactorial risk factors and capturing their complex etiopathophysiology in an individual remains challenging. Regional vulnerability index (RVI) was used to measure individual's brain-wide similarity to the expected SMI patterns derived from meta-analytical studies. It is analogous to polygenic risk scores (PRS) that measure individual's similarity to genome-wide patterns in SMI. We hypothesized that RVI is an intermediary phenotype between genome and symptoms and is sensitive to both genetic and environmental risks for SMI. UK Biobank sample of N = 17,053/19,265 M/F (age = 64.8 ± 7.4 years) and an independent sample of SSD patients and controls (N = 115/111 M/F, age = 35.2 ± 13.4) were used to test this hypothesis. UKBB participants with MDD had significantly higher RVI-MDD (Cohen's d = 0.20, p = 1 × 10-23 ) and PRS-MDD (d = 0.17, p = 1 × 10-15 ) than nonpsychiatric controls. UKBB participants with BD and SSD showed significant elevation in the respective RVIs (d = 0.65 and 0.60; p = 3 × 10-5 and .009, respectively) and PRS (d = 0.57 and 1.34; p = .002 and .002, respectively). Elevated RVI-SSD were replicated in an independent sample (d = 0.53, p = 5 × 10-5 ). RVI-MDD and RVI-SSD but not RVI-BD were associated with childhood adversity (p < .01). In nonpsychiatric controls, elevation in RVI and PRS were associated with lower cognitive performance (p < 10-5 ) in six out of seven domains and showed specificity with disorder-associated deficits. In summary, the RVI is a novel brain index for SMI and shows similar or better specificity for SMI than PRS, and together they may complement each other in the efforts to characterize the genomic to brain level risks for SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kathryn S. Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics InstituteKeck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics InstituteKeck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bhim M. Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Andrew Van der vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Eric L. Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Aris Sotiras
- Institute of Informatics, University of WashingtonSchool of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mark D. Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Meszaros A, Ahmed J, Russo G, Tompa P, Lazar T. The evolution and polymorphism of mono-amino acid repeats in androgen receptor and their regulatory role in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1019803. [PMID: 36388907 PMCID: PMC9642029 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1019803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a key member of nuclear hormone receptors with the longest intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) in its protein family. There are four mono-amino acid repeats (polyQ1, polyQ2, polyG, and polyP) located within its NTD, of which two are polymorphic (polyQ1 and polyG). The length of both polymorphic repeats shows clinically important correlations with disease, especially with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, as shorter and longer alleles exhibit significant differences in expression, activity and solubility. Importantly, AR has also been shown to undergo condensation in the nucleus by liquid-liquid phase separation, a process highly sensitive to protein solubility and concentration. Nonetheless, in prostate cancer cells, AR variants also partition into transcriptional condensates, which have been shown to alter the expression of target gene products. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the link between AR repeat polymorphisms and cancer types, including mechanistic explanations and models comprising the relationship between condensate formation, polyQ1 length and transcriptional activity. Moreover, we outline the evolutionary paths of these recently evolved amino acid repeats across mammalian species, and discuss new research directions with potential breakthroughs and controversies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Meszaros
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Russo
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Tompa
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences (RCNS), ELKH, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Peter Tompa,
| | - Tamas Lazar
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Tamas Lazar,
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Zhu MH, Liu ZJ, Hu QY, Yang JY, Jin Y, Zhu N, Huang Y, Shi DH, Liu MJ, Tan HY, Zhao L, Lv QY, Yi ZH, Wu FC, Li ZZ. Amisulpride augmentation therapy improves cognitive performance and psychopathology in clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:59. [PMID: 36253804 PMCID: PMC9578180 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although clozapine is an effective option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), there are still 1/3 to 1/2 of TRS patients who do not respond to clozapine. The main purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to explore the amisulpride augmentation efficacy on the psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function of clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia (CTRS) patients. METHODS A total of 80 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to receive initial clozapine plus amisulpride (amisulpride group) or clozapine plus placebo (placebo group). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale scores, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS), laboratory measurements, and electrocardiograms (ECG) were performed at baseline, at week 6, and week 12. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, amisulpride group had a lower PANSS total score, positive subscore, and general psychopathology subscore at week 6 and week 12 (PBonferroni < 0.01). Furthermore, compared with the placebo group, the amisulpride group showed an improved RBANS language score at week 12 (PBonferroni < 0.001). Amisulpride group had a higher treatment response rate (P = 0.04), lower scores of CGI severity and CGI efficacy at week 6 and week 12 than placebo group (PBonferroni < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in body mass index (BMI), corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and laboratory measurements. This study demonstrates that amisulpride augmentation therapy can safely improve the psychiatric symptoms and cognitive performance of CTRS patients. CONCLUSION This study indicates that amisulpride augmentation therapy has important clinical significance for treating CTRS to improve clinical symptoms and cognitive function with tolerability and safety. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier- NCT03652974. Registered August 31, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03652974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huan Zhu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Zhen-Jing Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong-Yue Hu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Dian-Hong Shi
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Min-Jia Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Hong-Yang Tan
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200124, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Qin-Yu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Feng-Chun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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15
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Wang LY, Li MZ, Jiang XJ, Han Y, Liu J, Xiang TT, Zhu ZM. Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Resilience in Patients with Recurrent Schizophrenia in China. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1299-1308. [PMID: 35799800 PMCID: PMC9255992 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s368695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 176 patients with recurrent schizophrenia who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Hunan Province, China, completed a general data questionnaire, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the General Self-Efficacy Energy Scale (GSES). RESULTS Among the 176 patients, the mean GSES score was 2.02±0.61, the mean PSSS score was 56.77±14.61, and the mean CD-RISC score was 58.06±17.26. Self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between social support and resilience, and the mediating effect accounted for 42.56% of the total effect. CONCLUSION The resilience level of patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China is moderate and needs to be improved. This research revealed that self-efficacy played a part in mediating perceived social support and resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. Perceived social support can indirectly affect resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia through self-efficacy. Comprehensive interventions in perceived social support and self-efficacy would help to improve the resilience of patients with recurrent schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Wang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhi Li
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Jiang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuang, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Xiang
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Min Zhu
- College of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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