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Yang D, Sun Y, Wen P, Chen Y, Cao J, Sun X, Dong Y. Chronic Stress-induced Serotonin Impairs Intestinal Epithelial Cell Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the AMPK-PGC-1α Axis. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:4476-4495. [PMID: 39247815 PMCID: PMC11380450 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.97275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is closely associated with gastrointestinal disorders. However, the impact of stress-related neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on the intestines under chronic stress conditions remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which 5-HT affects mitochondrial biogenesis and intestinal barrier integrity during chronic stress. Employing a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model, we observed elevated intestinal 5-HT levels, altered colonic mucosal structure, and disrupted tight junctions. The increase in 5-HT was associated with up-regulated serotonin synthesis enzymes and downregulated serotonin reuptake transporters, indicating an imbalance in serotonin homeostasis imbalance caused by chronic stress. Furthermore, serotonin exacerbated oxidative stress and impaired tight junction protein expression, highlighting its role in promoting intestinal barrier dysfunction. Experiments with cells in vitro demonstrated that 5-HT impairs mitochondrial biogenesis by inhibiting the AMPK-PGC-1α axis via 5-HT7 receptors and the cAMP-PKA pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis or 5-HT7 receptors alleviated the intestinal barrier damage caused by 5-HT and chronic stress, restoring mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings provide compelling evidence that serotonin exacerbates chronic stress-induced intestinal barrier disruption by inhibiting the AMPK-PGC-1α axis, paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions targeting the detrimental effects of serotonin on the intestine, particularly under chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xuelin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Ding J, Ji R, Wang Z, Jia Y, Meng T, Song X, Gao J, He Q. Cardiovascular protection of YiyiFuzi powder and the potential mechanisms through modulating mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405545. [PMID: 38978978 PMCID: PMC11228702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a major public health challenge. YiyiFuzi Powder (YYFZ), composed of Coicis semen and Fuzi, is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription from the Synopsis of Golden Chamber dating back to the Han Dynasty. Historically, YYFZ has been used to treat various CVD, rooted in Chinese therapeutic principles. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that YYFZ may exhibit direct or indirect effects on mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. This review, focusing on the cardiovascular protective effects of Coicis semen and Fuzi, summarizes the potential mechanisms by which YYFZ acts on mitochondria and the ER. The underlying mechanisms are associated with regulating cardiovascular risk factors (such as blood lipids and glucose), impacting mitochondrial structure and function, modulating ER stress, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, regulating cellular apoptosis, and maintaining calcium ion balance. The involved pathways include, but were not limited to, upregulating the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, cAMP/PKA, eNOS/NO/cGMP/SIRT1, SIRT1/PGC-1α, Klotho/SIRT1, OXPHOS/ATP, PPARα/PGC-1α/SIRT3, AMPK/JNK, PTEN/PI3K/AKT, β2-AR/PI3K/AKT, and modified Q cycle signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the MCU, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were downregulated. The PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP, PERK/SREBP-1c/FAS, IRE1, PINK1-dependent mitophagy, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways were bidirectionally regulated. High-quality experimental studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of YYFZ in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbin Song
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cui Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Di X, Zhang H. Benzoylaconine Protects Skeletal Muscle Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Activation of IF1-Dependent AMPK/Nrf2 Axis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2125-2142. [PMID: 38882050 PMCID: PMC11178076 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s456699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi) has been conventionally used to cure a variety of ailments, such as pain, cold sensations, and numbness of limb muscles (Bi Zheng) in China. Our prior investigations identified Benzoylaconine (BAC) as a bioactive alkaloid derived from Aconitum carmichaelii, with other studies also demonstrating its significant pharmacological potential. Purpose This study aimed to explore the potential of BAC as a protective agent against skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vivo models involved subjecting Sprague-Dawley rats to I/R through femoral artery ligation followed by reperfusion, while in vitro models utilized C2C12 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. TUNEL staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell apoptosis. Biochemical assay was used to assess skeletal muscle injury and oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to determine protein levels. Results BAC effectively protected muscle tissue from I/R injury, enhancing cell viability (p<0.01), elevating SOD levels (p<0.05), and reducing CK (p<0.01), LDH (p<0.01), ROS (p<0.01), MDA (p<0.01), and apoptosis-related molecules in vivo and in vitro (p<0.05, p<0.01). Mechanistically, BAC increased the expression of IF1, phosphorylated AMPK, facilitated the translocation of nuclear Nrf2, and induced the expression of HO-1 (p<0.01). Notably, AMPK inhibitor Compound C significantly hindered the ability of BAC to ameliorate H/R-induced cell injury (p<0.05), oxidative stress(p<0.01), and apoptosis (p<0.05), as well as promote Nrf2 nuclear translocation (p<0.01). Moreover, silencing of IF1 with siRNA abolished BAC-induced activation of AMPK/Nrf2 axis (p<0.01). Conclusion Our study provides novel evidence supporting the potential of BAC as a myocyte-protective agent against I/R injury, and we establish a previously unknown mechanism involving the activation of the IF1-dependent AMPK/Nrf2 axis in mediating the protective effects of BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Di
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Cai P, Yu X, Li S, Zhu W, Liu Y, Wang D. Bioinformatics identifies key genes and potential drugs for energy metabolism disorders in heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367848. [PMID: 38510644 PMCID: PMC10952830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysfunction in myocardial energy metabolism plays a vital role in the pathological process of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the key molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism and potential therapeutic agents in the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical data for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by heart failure, as well as healthy controls, were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene sets associated with energy metabolism were downloaded from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) for subsequent analysis. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were employed to identify key modules and genes related to heart failure. Potential biological mechanisms were investigated through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Molecular docking simulations were then conducted to explore the binding affinity and conformation of potential therapeutic drugs with hub genes. Results: Analysis of the left ventricular tissue expression profiles revealed that, compared to healthy controls, patients with dilated cardiomyopathy exhibited 234 differentially expressed genes and 2 genes related to myocardial energy metabolism. Additionally, Benzoylaconine may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the crucial role of myocardial energy metabolism in the progression of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Notably, Benzoylaconine emerges as a potential candidate for treating Dilated Cardiomyopathy, potentially exerting its therapeutic effects by targeted modulation of myocardial energy metabolism through NRK and NT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Cai
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Jiao X, Liu J, Feng G, Luo X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Huang L, Long Q. A new direction in Chinese herbal medicine ameliorates for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on the potential of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117484. [PMID: 38012971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes is a common chronic disease. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a history of several thousand years in the treatment of diabetes, and active components with hypoglycemic effects extracted from various CHM, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenes, and steroidal saponins, have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Research exploring the potential of various CHM compounds to regulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature data were primarily obtained from authoritative databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and others within the last decade. The main keywords used include "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "mitochondrial respiratory chain complex", and "mitochondrial dysfunction". RESULTS Chinese herbal medicine primarily regulates the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, and small intestine. It improves cellular energy metabolism through hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating effects. Different components of CHM can regulate the same mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, while the same components of a particular CHM can regulate different complex activities. The active components of CHM target different mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, regulate their aberrant changes and effectively improve T2DM and its complications. CONCLUSION Chinese herbal medicine can modulate the function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various cell types and exert their hypoglycemic effects through various mechanisms. CHM has significant therapeutic potential in regulating mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes to improve T2DM, but further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and conduct clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these medications. This provides new perspectives and opportunities for personalized improvement and innovative developments in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyue Jiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Binzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Ku T, Hu J, Zhou M, Xie Y, Liu Y, Tan X, Guo L, Li G, Sang N. Cardiac energy metabolism disorder mediated by energy substrate imbalance and mitochondrial damage upon tebuconazole exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:270-278. [PMID: 37923437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health. An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk, which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. However, researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks. The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart. Importantly, tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters (GLUT1, GLUT4, CD36, FABP3 and FATP1) expression, and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Gabpa and Tfam) and oxidative phosphorylation (CS, Ndufa4, Sdhb, Cox5a and Atp5b) related genes in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRα pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jindong Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Wan TT, Li Y, Li JX, Xiao X, Liu L, Li HH, Guo SB. ACE2 activation alleviates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by promoting MasR-Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109855. [PMID: 38097099 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a major contributor to high mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has protective effects against several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the role of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of SIC and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was designed to examine the effects of ACE2 activation or inhibition on SIC in C57BL/6 mice. The ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) and ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 were applied for treatment. Myocardial function, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis were investigated. Major assays were echocardiography, H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, DHE staining, TUNEL staining, Western blot, qPCR analysis, ELISA and corresponding kits. We confirmed that ACE2 was markedly downregulated in septic heart tissues. Pharmacological activation of ACE2 by DIZE ameliorated cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced mortality, cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis by promoting MasR-Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, SIC was aggravated via inhibiting MasR-Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis by the use of ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760. Consequently, activation of ACE2 may protect against SIC by promoting MasR-Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu-Bin Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing, China.
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Li Y, Deng X, Xiong H, Hu Q, Chen Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Zhao Y. Deciphering the toxicity-effect relationship and action patterns of traditional Chinese medicines from a smart data perspective: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1278014. [PMID: 37915415 PMCID: PMC10617680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1278014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, the primary considerations revolve around toxicity and effect. The clinical goal is to achieve maximize effect while minimizing toxicity. Nevertheless, both clinical and experimental research has revealed a distinct relationship between these two patterns of action in toxic Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM). These TCM often exhibit characteristic "double-sided" or "multi-faceted" features under varying pathological conditions, transitioning between effective and toxic roles. This complexity adds a layer of challenge to unraveling the ultimate objectives of Traditional Chinese medicine. To address this complexity, various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the toxicity and effect of Traditional Chinese Medicines. These hypotheses encompass the magic shrapnel theory for effect, the adverse outcome pathway framework, and the indirect toxic theory for toxicity. This review primarily focuses on high-, medium-, and low-toxicity Traditional Chinese Medicines as listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It aims to elucidate the essential intrinsic mechanisms and elements contributing to their toxicity and effectiveness. The critical factors influencing the mechanisms of toxicity and effect are the optimal dosage and duration of TCM administration. However, unraveling the toxic-effect relationships in TCM presents a formidable challenge due to its multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of action. We propose the integration of multi-omics technology to comprehensively analyze the fundamental metabolites, mechanisms of action, and toxic effects of TCM. This comprehensive approach can provide valuable insights into the intricate relationship between the effect and toxicity of these TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wen W, Zheng H, Li W, Huang G, Chen P, Zhu X, Cao Y, Li J, Huang X, Huang Y. Transcription factor EB: A potential integrated network regulator in metabolic-associated cardiac injury. Metabolism 2023; 147:155662. [PMID: 37517793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
With the worldwide pandemic of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiometabolic disease (CMD) has become a significant cause of death in humans. However, the pathophysiology of metabolic-associated cardiac injury is complex and not completely clear, and it is important to explore new strategies and targets for the treatment of CMD. A series of pathophysiological disturbances caused by metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy dysfunction, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and endothelial dysfunction, may be related to the incidence and development of CMD. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), as a transcription factor, has been extensively studied for its role in regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Recently, the regulatory role of TFEB in other biological processes, including the regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, etc. has been gradually revealed. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between TFEB and IR, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, ERS, calcium homeostasis, autophagy, and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and the potential regulatory mechanisms among them, to provide a comprehensive summary for TFEB as a potential new therapeutic target for CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China.
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China.
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Tao H, Liu X, Tian R, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Meng X, Zhang Y. A review: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115726. [PMID: 36183950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum medicinal materials, such as Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Chinese: Wutou/) and Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. (Chinese: Caowu/), are a kind of important Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with great medicinal value. Statistics show that there are over 600 efficient TCM formulations comprising Aconitum medicinal materials. But high toxicity limits their clinical application. Clinically, the Aconitum medicinal materials must undergo a complex processing process that includes soaking, steaming, and boiling with pharmaceutical excipients, which makes highly toxic ester diterpenoid alkaloids are hydrolyzed to form less toxic aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids (ADAs). AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to summarize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological activities of low-toxicity ADAs, providing a reference for future ADAs research and drug development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Accessible literature on ADAs published between 1984 and 2022 were screened and obtained from available electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct and Google Scholar, followed by systematic analysis. RESULTS ADAs are secondary products of plant metabolism, widely distributed in the Aconitum species and Delphinium species. The toxicity of ADAs as pharmacodynamic components of Aconitum medicinal materials is much lower than that of other diterpenoid alkaloids due to the absence of ester bonds. On the one hand, the pharmacokinetics of ADAs have received little attention compared to other toxic alkaloids. The research primarily focuses on aconine and mesaconine. According to existing studies, ADAs absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is primarily passive with a short Tmax. Simultaneously, efflux transporters have less impact on ADAs absorption than non-ADAs. After entering the body, ADAs are widely distributed in the heart, liver, lungs, and kidney, but less in the brain. Notably, aconine is not well metabolized by liver microsomes. Aconine and mesaconine are excreted in urine and feces, respectively. ADAs, on the other hand, have been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including cardiac, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and regenerative effects via regulating multiple signaling pathways, including Nrf2/ARE, PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/Chop, ERK/CREB, NF-κB, Bcl-2/Bax, and GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS ADAs have been shown to have beneficial effects on heart disease, neurological disease, and other systemic diseases. Moreover, ADAs have low toxicity and a wide range of safe doses. All of these suggest that ADAs have great potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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11
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Wang M, Hu WJ, Zhou X, Yu K, Wang Y, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Ethnopharmacological use, pharmacology, toxicology, phytochemistry, and progress in Chinese crude drug processing of the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. (Fuzi): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115838. [PMID: 36257343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. (also known as Fuzi in Chinese) is a toxic Chinese medicine but widely used in clinical practice with remarkable effects. It is specifically used to treat cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases, in Korea, Japan, and India. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This study aimed to summarize and discuss the effects of drug processing on toxicity, chemical composition, and pharmacology of the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. This review could provide feasible insights for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Fuzi was collected through published materials and electronic databases, including the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and CNKI. RESULTS More than 100 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides were revealed. Modern pharmacological studies show that these chemical components have good effects on anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and improving immunity. Di-ester alkaloids are the main source of Fuzi toxicity. Increasing studies have shown that Fuzi can induce multiple organ damage, especially cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. At present, most of the Fuzi used in clinical practice are processed. The processing affects the chemical structure, pharmacology, and toxicology of Fuzi. Moreover, different processing methods have different effects on Fuzi. CONCLUSIONS This review analyzed the effects of Fuzi processing methods on its toxicity and efficiency. The lateral roots of aconite are the known medicinal part of Fuzi; however, the aerial parts of aconite are understudied and require further research to expand its medicinal potential. Processing and compatibility are the primary means to reduce Fuzi toxicity. Nevertheless, establishing a reasonable unified safe dose range requires further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Kuo Yu
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Zheng M, Hu Z, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhong C, Cui W, You J, Gao B, Sun X, La L. Zhen Wu decoction represses renal fibrosis by invigorating tubular NRF2 and TFAM to fuel mitochondrial bioenergetics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154495. [PMID: 36257219 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhen Wu Decoction (ZWD) is a prescription from the classical text "Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease" and has been extensively used to control kidney diseases since the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that ZWD limits tubular fibrogenesis by reinvigorating tubular bio-energetic capacity. STUDY DESIGN / METHODS A mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was established using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Three concentrations of ZWD, namely 25.2 g/kg (high dosage), 12.6 g/kg (middle dosage), and 6.3 g/kg (low dosage), were included to study the dose-effect relationship. Real-time qPCR was used to observe gene transcription in blood samples from patients with CKD. Different siRNAs were designed to study the role of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced fibrogenesis and mitochondrial damage. RESULTS We showed that ZWD efficiently attenuates renal function impairment and reduces renal interstitial fibrosis. TFAM and NRF2 were repressed, and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was activated in CKD patient blood sample. We further confirmed that ZWD activated TFAM depended on NRF2 as an important negative regulator of STING in mouse kidneys. Treatment with ZWD significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits. NRF2 inhibitors can weaken the ability of ZWD to increase TFAM expression and heal injured mitochondria, playing a similar role to that of STING inhibitors. Our study showed that ZWD elevates the expression of TFAM and mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits by promoting NRF2 activation, after suppressing mitochondrial membrane damage and cristae breakdown and restricting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage into the cytoplasm to reduce STING activation. CONCLUSION ZWD maintains mitochondrial integrity and improves OXPHOS which represents an innovative insight into "strengthening Yang-Qi" theory. ZWD limits tubular fibrogenesis by reinvigorating tubular bioenergetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junxiong You
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Baogui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei La
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Chen L, Yan L, Zhang W. Benzoylaconine improves mitochondrial function in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury by activation of the AMPK/PGC-1 axis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:325-333. [PMID: 36039733 PMCID: PMC9437369 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.5.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become one of the severe public health problems. The detailed role of mitochondrial function in HF was still unclear. Benzoylaconine (BAC) is a traditional Chinese medicine, but its role in HF still needs to be explored. In this study, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) was executed to mimic the injury of H9C2 cells in HF. The viability of H9C2 cells was assessed via MTT assay. OGD/R treatment markedly decreased the viability of H9C2 cells, but BAC treatment evidently increased the viability of OGD/R-treated H9C2 cells. The apoptosis of H9C2 was enhanced by OGD/R treatment but suppressed by BAC treatment. The mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated via JC-1 assay. BAC improved the mitochondrial function and suppressed oxidative stress in OGD/R-treated H9C2 cells. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of p-AMPK and PGC-1α were reduced in OGD/R-treated H9C2 cells, which was reversed by BAC. Rescue assays indicated that AMPK attenuation reversed the BAC-mediated protective effect on OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, BAC alleviated myocardial injury in vivo. In a word, BAC modulated the mitochondrial function in OGD/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury by activation of the AMPK/PGC-1 axis. The findings might provide support for the application of BAC in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hebi People’s Hospital, Hebi 458030, China
| | - Laixing Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubin Street Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou 310000, China
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An insight into current advances on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and detoxification of aconitine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113115. [PMID: 35605296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid, which mainly exists in the plants of Aconitum. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of aconitine has been conducted and demonstrated that aconitine possessed an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, local anesthesia, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that aconitine may have the characteristics of poor bioavailability, wide distribution, and slow elimination. However, studies have also found that aconitine has toxic effects on the heart, nerves, embryos, etc. Therefore, we believe that aconitine may not be suitable for heart patients and pregnant women to treat related diseases. It is important to note that all of these pharmacological effects require further high-quality studies to determine the clinical efficacy of aconitine. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and detoxification of aconitine in the last decade with an emphasis on its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, to provide researchers with the latest information and point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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15
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Lee J, Bae Y, Kim NJ, Lim S, Kim YM, Kim J, Chin YW. Anti-rheumatic, and analgesic effects by the parent tuberous roots of Aconitum jaluense in adjuvant induced arthritis rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:114518. [PMID: 34637968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to test the anti-rheumatic effects of A. jaluense tubers in acute and chronic arthritis rats, and to assign its ingredients through UHPLC-TOF/MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan for acute arthritis and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for chronic arthritis was carried out in the hind paw of SD rats. The paw volume was measured by a plethysmometer thermal hyperalgesia was tested using a thermal plantar tester, and mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by ankle flexion evoked vocalizations. The expression of c-Fos in the brain hippocampus was measured with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The ingredients were assigned by UHPLC-TOF/MS, chromatography was performed by UHPLC system with DAD detector and BEH C18 column, and spectroscopy was conducted by ESI-MS system. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The 80% ethanoic extract of A. jaluense tubers showed an acute anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the edema volume in the hind paw of carrageenan-stimulated rats. In addition, A. jaluense tubers exerted an anti-rheumatic activity by reducing the secondary swelling volume from an immunological reaction in the left hind paw of CFA-induced chronic arthritis rats. Additionally, oral treatment with the 80% ethanoic extract -showed potent analgesic effects in the arthritis rats by recovering the paw withdrawal latency stimulated by the thermal hyperalgesia and by reducing the vocalization scores evoked by ankle flexion on both hind paws. Moreover, its treatment also indicated an anti-psychiatric effect by controlling the c-Fos protein expression of the brain hippocampus in CFA-stimulated arthritis rats. These results suggested that these therapeutic effects were exhibited by less toxic mono-esterified diterpenoid alkaloids (MDAs), and nontoxic non-esterified diterpenoid alkaloids (NDAs). CONCLUSION A. jaluense tubers may act as viable therapeutic or preventive candidates for acute and chronic arthritis, particularly, for immune-inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis to suppress the pain and psychiatric condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - YoungChul Bae
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Nam Jae Kim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Mitochondria homeostasis: Biology and involvement in hepatic steatosis to NASH. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1141-1155. [PMID: 35105958 PMCID: PMC9061859 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biology and behavior are central to the physiology of liver. Multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms remodel mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage induced by overnutrition lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, liver cell death, and collagen production, which advance hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Accumulating evidence suggests that specific interventions that target mitochondrial homeostasis, including energy metabolism, antioxidant effects, and mitochondrial quality control, have emerged as promising strategies for NASH treatment. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging due to the complex and unclear mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis in the pathophysiology of NASH.
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Cysteine-Rich Whey Protein Isolate (CR-WPI) Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction by Diminishing Oxidative Stress via DDAH/ADMA/NOS Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8151917. [PMID: 35355865 PMCID: PMC8960025 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8151917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase- (NOS-) dependent endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress (OS) is assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus-related erectile dysfunction (DMED). Cysteine-rich whey protein isolate (CR-WPI) is a widely used protein supplement and has been confirmed to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). However, it is currently unknown whether CR-WPI elicits therapeutic effects in DMED. Here, we provide diabetic rats with CR-WPI to determine its effect on DMED and the underlying mechanisms. The results suggest that CR-WPI supplementation increased GSH biosynthesis and reduced ROS content and simultaneously upregulated the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) metabolic pathway. Evaluation of intracavernous pressure (ICP) also showed an improvement of penile erectile function in CR-WPI-treated rats. The results of the vitro cell culture showed that glutathione pretreatment protected corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) from H2O2-induced apoptosis by decreasing Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 expressions. These results augur well for the potential therapeutic application of dietary CR-WPI supplementation for treating diabetic erectile dysfunction.
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Xu J, Shen J, Yuan R, Jia B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Mitochondrial Targeting Therapeutics: Promising Role of Natural Products in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796207. [PMID: 35002729 PMCID: PMC8733608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this liver disease are still limited. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The mitochondrial injury caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress can aggravate the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, pharmacological therapies that target mitochondria could be a promising way for the NAFLD intervention. Recently, natural products targeting mitochondria have been extensively studied and have shown promising pharmacological activity. In this review, the recent research progress on therapeutic effects of natural-product-derived compounds that target mitochondria and combat NAFLD was summarized, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and reference for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhou C, Gao J, Ji H, Li W, Xing X, Liu D, Guo Q, Zhou L, Jing F. Benzoylaconine Modulates LPS-Induced Responses Through Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2021; 44:2018-2032. [PMID: 34272638 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that benzoylaconine (BAC), a representative monoester alkaloid, has a potential anti-inflammatory effect. This study investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms using the mode of LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our findings showed that BAC significantly suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, ROS, NO, and PGE2. BAC treatment also effectively downregulated the elevated protein levels of iNOS and COX-2 induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we found that BAC inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα by western blotting and blocking the nuclear translocation of p65 using an immunofluorescence assay. The elevated protein levels of JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation after LPS stimulation were restored effectively by BAC treatment. The protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and LPS-induced phosphorylation of TAK1, which is a crucial upstream regulatory factor of TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling, were inhibited by BAC in activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, BAC decreased the levels of TAK1 phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators associated with MAPK and NF-κB activation, similar to TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. These findings demonstrated that BAC exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways, indicating that it could potentially be used for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, No.29 Yongping Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanbo Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tong HL, Chen H, Gong FP, Zhong LY, Zhu J, Yang SH. Components and Pharmacodynamical Mechanism of Yinfupian Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680640. [PMID: 34262452 PMCID: PMC8273442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: According to the treatment records of Yang deficiency syndrome (YDS) with characteristic decoction pieces of lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii—Yinfupian (YF) in traditional Chinese medicine prepare school, known as “Jianchangbang”. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the composition and therapeutic mechanism of the unprocessed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii (ULRA) and its processed product (YF). Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis method were used to determine and screen the main components of ULRA and YF. Changes in the histological structure and morphology of gonads in rats were observed using hematoxylin-eosin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Results: Both ULRA and YF exerted certain therapeutic effects on rats with YDS. They improved the gonadal morphology and increased the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. After processing of ULRA into YF, the content of C19-diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased (converted into C19-monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and C19-alkylol amine-diterpenoid alkaloids), whereas that of C20-diterpene alkaloids increased. Proteomics analysis showed that cytochrome P450 and aldehyde oxidase 3 (AOX3) were downregulated, whereas cathepsin G (CTSG) was upregulated in rats with YDS. Treatment with ULRA mainly downregulated the expression of α-actinin, fast skeletal troponin, creatine kinase, and myosin. Treatment with YF mainly upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Conclusion: ULRA and YF exerted good therapeutic effects on YDS; the main difference in components between these preparations was in C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. ULRA mainly acts on the muscle contraction-related proteins and is closely related to inflammation and myocardial injury. YF mainly acts on the mitochondrial proteins and is closely related to adenosine triphosphate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Tong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei-Peng Gong
- Department of Orthopedic, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Song-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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21
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da Cunha Menezes Souza L, Chen M, Ikeno Y, Salvadori DMF, Bai Y. The implications of mitochondria in doxorubicin treatment of cancer in the context of traditional and modern medicine. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antibiotic anthracycline extensively used in the treatment of different malignancies, such as breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias. The cardiotoxicity induced by DOX is one of the most important pathophysiological events that limit its clinical application. Accumulating evidence highlights mitochondria as a central role in this process. Modulation of mitochondrial functions as therapeutic strategy for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has thus attracted much attention. In particular, emerging studies investigated the potential of natural mitochondria-targeting compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as adjunct or alternative treatment for DOX-induced toxicity. This review summarizes studies about the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, evidencing the importance of mitochondria and presenting TCM treatment alternatives for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Research, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yidong Bai
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Research, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
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22
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Yang L, Chen Y, Zhou J, Sun J, Jiang W, Liu T, Rao C, Pan X. Aconitine induces mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction through inhibition of AMPK signaling and interference with mitochondrial dynamics in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 347:36-44. [PMID: 33945864 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine, a highly toxic alkaloid derived from Aconitum L., affects the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. However, the underlying mechanism of aconitine-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigates the effects and mechanism of aconitine on mitochondrial energy metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells. Results demonstrated that aconitine exposure suppressed cell proliferation and led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Aconitine (400 μmol/L) induced abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism that quantified by the significant decrease in ATP production, basal respiration, proton leak, maximal respiration, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Phosphorylation of AMPK was significantly reduced in aconitine-treated SH-SY5Y cells. The AMPK activator AIACR pretreatment effectively promoted ATP production to ameliorate mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder caused by aconitine. Mitochondrial biosynthesis was inhibited after treatment with 400 μmol/L aconitine, which was characterized by mitochondria number, TFAM expression, and mtDNA copy number. Moreover, aconitine prompted the down-regulation of mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1, Mfn1 and Mfn2, and the up-regulation of mitochondrial fission proteins p-Drp1 and p-Mff. These results suggest that aconitine induces mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells, which may involve the inhibition of AMPK signaling and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Sport, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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23
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Xiang L, Shao Y, Chen Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-targeted therapeutics in liver diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 29:1080-1093. [PMID: 33788656 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1909051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolic and detoxifying organ and suffers diverse endogenous or exogenous damage. Hepatocyte mitochondria experience various structural and functional defects from liver injury, bearing oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation, and the disturbance of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms. Mitochondrial malfunction initiates the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways and the release of damage signals, aggravating liver damage and disease progression via inflammation and reparative fibrogenesis. Removal of mitochondrial impairment or the improvement of MQC mechanisms restore mitochondrial homeostasis and benefit liver health. This review discusses the association of mitochondrial disorders with hepatic pathophysiological processes and the resultant potential of mitochondrion-targeting therapeutics for hepatic disorders. The recent advances in the MQC mechanisms and the mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the pathology and treatment of liver disease are particularly focussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yaru Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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24
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Emelyanova L, Bai X, Yan Y, Bosnjak ZJ, Kress D, Warner C, Kroboth S, Rudic T, Kaushik S, Stoeckl E, Ross GR, Rizvi F, Tajik AJ, Jahangir A. Biphasic effect of metformin on human cardiac energetics. Transl Res 2021; 229:5-23. [PMID: 33045408 PMCID: PMC10655614 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been shown to reduce heart damage and death. However, mechanisms by which metformin protects human heart remain debated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of metformin on cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) and mitochondria isolated from human cardiac tissue. At concentrations ≤2.5 mM, metformin significantly increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the hiPSC-CMs by activating adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent signaling and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. This effect was abrogated by compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK. At concentrations >5 mM, metformin inhibited the cellular OCR and triggered metabolic reprogramming by enhancing glycolysis and glutaminolysis in the cardiomyocytes. In isolated cardiac mitochondria, metformin did not increase the OCR at any concentrations but inhibited the OCR starting at 1 mM through direct inhibition of electron-transport chain complex I. This was associated with reduction of superoxide production and attenuation of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in the mitochondria. Thus, in human heart, metformin might improve cardioprotection due to its biphasic effect on mitochondria: at low concentrations, it activates mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK signaling and increases the OCR; at high concentrations, it inhibits the respiration by directly affecting the activity of complex I, reduces oxidative stress and delays mPTP formation. Moreover, metformin at high concentrations causes metabolic reprogramming by enhancing glycolysis and glutaminolysis. These effects can be a beneficial adjunct to patients with impaired endogenous cardioprotective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Emelyanova
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yasheng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David Kress
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Catherine Warner
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stacie Kroboth
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Teodore Rudic
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sirisha Kaushik
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth Stoeckl
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gracious R Ross
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Farhan Rizvi
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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25
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Zhou W, Liu H, Qiu LZ, Yue LX, Zhang GJ, Deng HF, Ni YH, Gao Y. Cardiac efficacy and toxicity of aconitine: A new frontier for the ancient poison. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1798-1811. [PMID: 33512023 DOI: 10.1002/med.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) is well-known as the main toxic ingredient and active compound of Aconitum species, of which several aconites are essential herbal medicines of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and widely applied to treat diverse diseases for their excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and cardiotonic effects. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC attracted a lot of attention and made it a favorite botanic poison in history. Nowadays, the narrow therapeutic window of AC limits the clinical application of AC-containing herbal medicines; overdosing on AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, both of which are potentially lethal. But the underlying cardiotoxic mechanisms remained chaos. Recently, beyond its cardiotoxic effects, emerging evidence shows that low doses of AC or its metabolites could generate cardioprotective effects and are necessary to aconite's clinical efficacy. Consistent with TCM's theory that even toxic substances are powerful medicines, AC thus could not be simply identified as a toxicant or a drug. To prevent cardiotoxicity while digging the unique value of AC in cardiac pharmacology, there exists a huge urge to better know the characteristic of AC being a cardiotoxic agent or a potential heart drug. Here, this article reviews the advances of AC metabolism and focuses on the latest mechanistic findings of cardiac efficacy and toxicity of this aconite alkaloid or its metabolites. We also discuss how to prevent AC-related cardiotoxicity, as well as the issues before the development of AC-based medicines that should be solved, to provide new insight into the paradoxical nature of this ancient poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan-Xin Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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26
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Liu J, Feng W, Peng C. A Song of Ice and Fire: Cold and Hot Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598744. [PMID: 33542688 PMCID: PMC7851091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cold and hot properties is the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and has been successfully applied to combat human diseases for thousands of years. Although the theory of cold and hot is very important to guide the clinical application of TCMs, this ancient theory remains an enigma for a long time. In recent years, more and more researchers have tried to uncover this ancient theory with the help of modern techniques, and the cold and hot properties of a myriad of TCMs have been studied. However, there is no review of cold and hot properties. In this review, we first briefly introduced the basic theories about cold and hot properties, including how to distinguish between the cold and hot properties of TCMs and the classification and treatment of cold and hot syndromes. Then, focusing on the application of cold and hot properties, we take several important TCMs with cold or hot property as examples to summarize their traditional usage, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. In addition, the mechanisms of thermogenesis and antipyretic effect of these important TCMs, which are related to the cold and hot properties, were summarized. At the end of this review, the perspectives on research strategies and research directions of hot and cold properties were also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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27
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Zhang K, Liu C, Yang T, Li X, Wei L, Chen D, Zhou J, Yin Y, Yu X, Li F. Systematically explore the potential hepatotoxic material basis and molecular mechanism of Radix Aconiti Lateralis based on the concept of toxicological evidence chain (TEC). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111342. [PMID: 32971455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radix aconiti lateralis (Fuzi) is widely used in China as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthenia, pain and inflammation. However, its toxic alkaloids often lead to adverse reactions. Currently, most of the toxicity studies on Fuzi are focused on the heart and nervous system, and more comprehensive toxicity studies are needed. In this study, based on the previous reports of Fuzi hepatotoxicity, serum pharmacochemistry and network toxicology were used to screen the potential toxic components of Heishunpian(HSP), a processed product of Fuzi, and to explore the possible mechanism of HSP-induced hepatotoxicity. The results obtained are expressed based on the toxicological evidence chain (TEC). It was found that 22 potential toxic components screened can affect Th17 cell differentiation, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and other related pathways by regulating AKT1, IL2, F2, GSR, EGFR and other related targets, which induces oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cell apoptosis, immune response, and excessive release of inflammatory factors, eventually inducing liver damage in rats. This is the first study on HSP-induced hepatotoxicity based on the TEC concept, providing references for further studies on the toxicity mechanism of Fuzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tiange Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Longyin Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Dongling Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yihui Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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28
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Xu DQ, Li CJ, Jiang ZZ, Wang L, Huang HF, Li ZJ, Sun LX, Fan SS, Zhang LY, Wang T. The hypoglycemic mechanism of catalpol involves increased AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:791-799. [PMID: 31937931 PMCID: PMC7470840 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as sensors of energy regulation and glucose levels, which are impaired by diabetes progression. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside that exerts a hypoglycemic effect by improving mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the current study we explored the effects of catalpol on mitochondrial function in db/db mice and C2C12 myotubes in vitro. After oral administration of catalpol (200 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 8 weeks, db/db mice exhibited a decreased fasting blood glucose level and restored mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Catalpol increased mitochondrial biogenesis, evidenced by significant elevations in the number of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA levels, and the expression of three genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaco-activator 1 (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1). In C2C12 myotubes, catalpol significantly increased glucose uptake and ATP production. These effects depended on activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, catalpol improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings may guide the development of a new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes.
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29
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Popov LD. Mitochondrial biogenesis: An update. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4892-4899. [PMID: 32279443 PMCID: PMC7205802 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to the energy demand triggered by developmental signals and environmental stressors, the cells launch the mitochondrial biogenesis process. This is a self‐renewal route, by which new mitochondria are generated from the ones already existing. Recently, considerable progress has been made in deciphering mitochondrial biogenesis‐related proteins and genes that function in health and in pathology‐related circumstances. However, an outlook on the intracellular mechanisms shared by the main players that drive mitochondrial biogenesis machinery is still missing. Here, we provide such a view by focusing on the following issues: (a) the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in homeostasis of the mitochondrial mass and function, (b) the signalling pathways beyond the induction/promotion, stimulation and inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and (c) the therapeutic applications aiming the repair and regeneration of defective mitochondrial biogenesis (in ageing, metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer). The review is concluded by the perspectives of mitochondrial medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia-Doina Popov
- "Nicolae Simionescu" Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Deng X, Liu J, Liu L, Sun X, Huang J, Dong J. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission contributes to baicalein-induced apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer via activation of AMPK signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1403-1416. [PMID: 32210728 PMCID: PMC7085231 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (BA), a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to exert antitumor effect in various cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well demonstrated. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between mitochondrial fission and BA-induced apoptosis and autophagy. We showed that BA inhibited cell viability and induced mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells. BA induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (Aif) from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Meanwhile, BA induced autophagy and activated autophagic flux. Furthermore, we found that BA induced mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial impairment. Blocking mitochondrial fission by mdivi-1 attenuated BA-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, BA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Knockdown of AMPK with lentivirus encoded AMPKα also attenuated BA-induced mitochondrial fission, apoptosis and autophagy. Our in vivo data confirmed that BA inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis and autophagy in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft model via activation of AMPK/mitochondrial fission pathway. Our study highlights the critical role of AMPK/mitochondrial fission pathway in the regulation of BA-induced apoptosis and autophagy. These results revealed the molecular mechanism of the anti-lung cancer property of BA and provided novel perspectives for the application of BA in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Xu Y, Yang L, Liang K, An R, Wang X, Zhang H. Pharmacokinetic effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on aconitine, benzoylaconine and aconine by UHPLC–MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4793. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Xu
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Kun Liang
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Rui An
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Miao LL, Zhou QM, Peng C, Meng CW, Wang XY, Xiong L. Discrimination of the Geographical Origin of the Lateral Roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Using the Fingerprint, Multicomponent Quantification, and Chemometric Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:E4124. [PMID: 31739601 PMCID: PMC6891363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzi is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine developed from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. It is rich in alkaloids that display a wide variety of bioactivities, and it has a strong cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In order to discriminate the geographical origin and evaluate the quality of this medicine, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for multicomponent quantification and chemical fingerprint analysis. The measured results of 32 batches of Fuzi from three different regions were evaluated by chemometric analysis, including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The content of six representative alkaloids of Fuzi (benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylaconine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and aconitine) were varied by geographical origin, and the content ratios of the benzoylmesaconine/mesaconitine and diester-type/monoester-type diterpenoid alkaloids may be potential traits for classifying the geographical origin of the medicine. In the HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis, the Fuzi from Jiangyou, Sichuan, was distinguished from the Fuzi from Butuo, Sichuan, and the Fuzi from Yunnan. Based on the HCA and PCA analyses of the content of the six representative alkaloids, all of the batches were classified into two categories, which were closely related to the plants' geographical origins. The Fuzi samples from Jiangyou were placed into one category, while the Fuzi samples from Butuo and Yunnan were put into another category. The LDA analysis provided an efficient and satisfactory prediction model for differentiating the Fuzi samples from the above-mentioned three geographical origins. Thus, the content of the six representative alkaloids and the fingerprint similarity values were useful markers for differentiating the geographical origin of the Fuzi samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lin Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.-L.M.); (Q.-M.Z.); (C.-W.M.); (X.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qin-Mei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.-L.M.); (Q.-M.Z.); (C.-W.M.); (X.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.-L.M.); (Q.-M.Z.); (C.-W.M.); (X.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chun-Wang Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.-L.M.); (Q.-M.Z.); (C.-W.M.); (X.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.-L.M.); (Q.-M.Z.); (C.-W.M.); (X.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (L.-L.M.); (Q.-M.Z.); (C.-W.M.); (X.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Liu R, Li X, Huang N, Fan M, Sun R. Toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine herbal and mineral products. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 87:301-346. [PMID: 32089237 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat numerous kinds of diseases for more than 2000 years in eastern Asian countries. A portion of the TCM herbal and mineral products are believed to be toxic according to modern standards, and are still widely prescribed in the clinic. However, some TCM products considered to be non-toxic or low-toxic have been reported to possess significant toxicological effects on different organs in both animal and human models. In this review, we define the term "toxic" in TCM, and then we summarize the advances in pharmacology and toxicology research of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TTCM), including Chinese aconite (Fu Zi), Arsenic Trioxide, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (Thunder God Vine), herbal drugs derived from plants in the Aristolochiaceae Juss. family (Ma Dou Ling), and other TCM products. Finally, the compatibility art of TCM and modern pharmaceutical approaches to manage undesired toxicity of TTCM is discussed. Promoting pharmacology and toxicology studies of TTCM and non-toxic TCM is critical for the further development and safety of TCM in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyue Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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