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Sousa CS, Monteiro A, Salgado AJ, Silva NA. Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord injury repair. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1293-1308. [PMID: 38845223 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord injury recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord injury pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord injury pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Campus de Gualtar - gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Wang X, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Liang Z, Li K, Ma Y, Zhou J, Wu T, Wang Z, Hu X. Astrocyte-derived lipocalin 2 promotes inflammation and scarring after spinal cord injury by activating SMAD in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114915. [PMID: 39122167 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response and scar formation after spinal cord injury (SCI) limit nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Our research group has previously shown that the expression of astrocyte-derived lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is upregulated after SCI, which correlates with neuronal apoptosis and functional recovery. Therefore, we speculate that astrocyte-specific knockdown of Lcn2 after SCI may lead to a better prognosis. METHODS Tissue RNA sequencing, Western blotting, PCR, and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to assess the expression of Lcn2 following SCI in mice. Adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) transfection was employed to specifically reduce the expression of Lcn2 in astrocytes, and subsequent evaluations of scarring and inflammation were conducted. In vitro experiments involved treating primary astrocytes with TGF-β or an A1-induced mixture (C1q, TNF-α and IL-1α) following Lcn2 knockdown. Finally, the intrathecal injection of recombinant Lcn2 (ReLcn2) protein was conducted post-injury to further confirm the role of Lcn2 and its underlying mechanism in SCI. RESULTS Lcn2 expression was elevated in astrocytes after SCI at 7 dpi (days post injury). Lcn2 knockdown in astrocytes is beneficial for neuronal survival and functional recovery after SCI, and is accompanied by a reduced inflammatory response and inhibited scar formation. The inhibition of SMAD-associated signaling activation was identified as a possible mechanism, and in vitro experiments further confirmed this finding. ReLcn2 further activated SMAD-associated signaling and aggravated motor function after SCI. CONCLUSION The upregulation of Lcn2 expression in astrocytes is involved in neuroinflammation and scar formation after SCI, and the activation of SMAD-associated signaling is one of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Surgery, Rocket Force 96110 Military Hospital of PLA, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Orthopedics, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yangguang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Tingyu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wu J, Li T, Jiang F, Yang B. Current multi-scale biomaterials for tissue regeneration following spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105801. [PMID: 38971503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause loss of motor and sensory function, autonomic dysfunction, and thus disrupt the quality of life of patients, leading to severe disability and significant psychological, social, and economic burden. At present, existing therapy for SCI have limited ability to promote neural function recovery, and there is an urgent need to develop innovative regenerative approaches to repair SCI. Biomaterials have become a promising strategy to promote the regeneration and repair of damaged nerve tissue after SCI. Biomaterials can provide support for nerve tissue by filling cavities, and improve local inflammatory responses and reshape extracellular matrix structures through unique biochemical properties to create the optimal microenvironment at the SCI site, thereby promoting neurogenesis and reconnecting damaged spinal cord tissue. Considering the importance of biomaterials in repairing SCI, this article reviews the latest progress of multi-scale biomaterials in SCI treatment and tissue regeneration, and evaluates the relevant technologies for manufacturing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Zhonghuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, 556000, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Qiandongnan Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Kaili, 556000, PR China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, 556000, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Qiandongnan Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Kaili, 556000, PR China
| | - Tingdong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, 556000, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Qiandongnan Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Kaili, 556000, PR China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, 556000, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Qiandongnan Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Kaili, 556000, PR China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, 556000, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Qiandongnan Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Kaili, 556000, PR China.
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Zhong H, Zhang K, Zhou M, Xing C, An Y, Zhang Q, Guo J, Liu S, Qu Z, Feng S, Ning G. An Implantable Self-Driven Diaphragm Pacing System Based on a Microvibration Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Phrenic Nerve Stimulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43199-43211. [PMID: 39120580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury poses considerable challenges, particularly in diaphragm paralysis. To address limitations in existing diaphragm pacing technologies, we report an implantable, self-driven diaphragm pacing system based on a microvibration triboelectric nanogenerator (MV-TENG). Leveraging the efficient MV-TENG, the system harvests micromechanical energy and converts this energy into pulses for phrenic nerve stimulation. In vitro tests confirm a stable MV-TENG output, while subcutaneous implantation of the device in rats results in a constant amplitude over 4 weeks with remarkable energy-harvesting efficacy. The system effectively induces diaphragmatic motor-evoked potentials, triggering contractions of the diaphragm. This proof-of-concept system has potential clinical applications in implantable phrenic nerve stimulation, presenting a novel strategy for advancing next-generation diaphragm pacing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Advanced Structural Integrity International Joint Research Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang An
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Advanced Structural Integrity International Joint Research Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Qu
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Advanced Structural Integrity International Joint Research Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
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Xing C, Liu S, Wang L, Ma H, Zhou M, Zhong H, Zhu S, Wu Q, Ning G. Metformin enhances endogenous neural stem cells proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and inhibits ferroptosis through activating AMPK pathway after spinal cord injury. J Transl Med 2024; 22:723. [PMID: 39103875 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate nerve regeneration and an inhibitory local microenvironment are major obstacles to the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). The activation and differentiation fate regulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) represent one of the most promising repair approaches. Metformin has been extensively studied for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and autophagy-regulating properties in central nervous system diseases. However, the effects of metformin on endogenous NSCs remains to be elucidated. METHODS The proliferation and differentiation abilities of NSCs were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, EdU/Ki67 staining and immunofluorescence staining. Changes in the expression of key proteins related to ferroptosis in NSCs were detected using Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of reactive oxygen species, glutathione and tissue iron were measured using corresponding assay kits. Changes in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential were observed using transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence probe. Locomotor function recovery after SCI in rats was assessed through BBB score, LSS score, CatWalk gait analysis, and electrophysiological testing. The expression of the AMPK pathway was examined using Western Blot. RESULTS Metformin promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a ferroptosis model of NSCs using erastin treatment was established in vitro, and metformin treatment could reverse the changes in the expression of key ferroptosis-related proteins, increase glutathione synthesis, reduce reactive oxygen species production and improve mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology. Moreover, metformin administration improved locomotor function recovery and histological outcomes following SCI in rats. Notably, all the above beneficial effects of metformin were completely abolished upon addition of compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSION Metformin, driven by canonical AMPK-dependent regulation, promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs while inhibiting ferroptosis, thereby facilitating recovery of locomotor function following SCI. Our study further elucidates the protective mechanism of metformin in SCI, providing new mechanistic insights for its candidacy as a therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China.
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Ju D, Dong C. The combined application of stem cells and three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds for the repair of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1751-1758. [PMID: 38103241 PMCID: PMC10960285 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is considered one of the most difficult injuries to repair and has one of the worst prognoses for injuries to the nervous system. Following surgery, the poor regenerative capacity of nerve cells and the generation of new scars can make it very difficult for the impaired nervous system to restore its neural functionality. Traditional treatments can only alleviate secondary injuries but cannot fundamentally repair the spinal cord. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop new treatments to promote functional repair after spinal cord injury. Over recent years, there have been several developments in the use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Alongside significant developments in the field of tissue engineering, three-dimensional bioprinting technology has become a hot research topic due to its ability to accurately print complex structures. This led to the loading of three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds which provided precise cell localization. These three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds could repair damaged neural circuits and had the potential to repair the damaged spinal cord. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying simple stem cell therapy, the application of different types of stem cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury, and the different manufacturing methods for three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds. In particular, we focus on the development of three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyue Ju
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ma Z, Liu T, Liu L, Pei Y, Wang T, Wang Z, Guan Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen X. Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Enhances Spinal Cord Injury Recovery via PI3K/AKT-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis Suppression. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04207-8. [PMID: 39023805 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of conditioned medium from epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs-CM) on functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), while also exploring the involvement of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in regulating neuronal apoptosis. EPI-NCSCs were isolated from 10-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured for 48 h to obtain EPI-NCSC-CM. SHSY-5Y cells were subjected with H2O2 treatment to induce apoptosis. Cell viability and survival rates were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay and calcein-AM/PI staining. SCI contusion model was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats to assess functional recovery, utilizing the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system, inclined test, and footprint observation. Neurological restoration after SCI was analyzed through electrophysiological recordings. Histological analysis included hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining to evaluate tissue organization. Apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were assessed using TUNEL staining and ROS detection methods. Additionally, western blotting was performed to examine the expression of apoptotic markers and proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. EPI-NCSC-CM significantly facilitated functional and histological recovery in SCI rats by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Administration of EPI-NCSCs-CM alleviated H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells in vitro. The use of LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, underscored the crucial role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulating neuronal apoptosis. This study contributes to the ongoing exploration of molecular pathways involved in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair, focusing on the therapeutic potential of EPI-NCSC-CM. The research findings indicate that EPI-NCSC-CM exerts a neuroprotective effect by suppressing neuronal apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in SCI rats. These results highlight the promising role of EPI-NCSC-CM as a potential treatment strategy for SCI, emphasizing the significance of the PI3K/AKT pathway in mediating its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilun Pei
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 981st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Shen W, Cai J, Li J, Li W, Shi P, Zhao X, Feng S. Regulation of MicroRNAs After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Zebrafish. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:66. [PMID: 38990400 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nerve injury that often leads to loss of motor and sensory functions at or below the level of the injury. Zebrafish have a strong ability to repair after SCI, but the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) after SCI remains unclear. Locomotor behavior analysis showed that adult zebrafish recovered about 30% of their motor ability at 2 weeks and 55% at 3 weeks after SCI, reflecting their strong ability to repair SCI. Through miRNA sequencing, mRNA sequencing, RT-qPCR experiment verification, and bioinformatics predictive analysis, the key miRNAs and related genes in the repair of SCI were screened. A total of 38 miRNAs were significantly different, the top ten miRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR. The prediction target genes were verified by the mRNAs sequencing results at the same time point. Finally, 182 target genes were identified as likely to be networked regulated by the 38 different miRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis found that miRNAs targeted gene regulation of many key pathways, such as membrane tissue transport, ribosome function, lipid binding, and peroxidase activity. The PPI network analysis showed that miRNAs were involved in SCI repair through complex network regulation, among which dre-miR-21 may enhance cell reversibility through nop56, and that dre-miR-125c regulates axon growth through kpnb1 to repair SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jinze Li
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Wenchang Li
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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9
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Wang Q, Ge L, Guo J, Zhang H, Chen T, Lian F, Li L, Xu Y, Xu J, Chen N, Zhang Y, Ruan Z, Xiao J, Zhang H, Yang L. Acid Neutralization by Composite Lysine Nanoparticles for Spinal Cord Injury Recovery through Mitigating Mitochondrial Dysfunction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4480-4495. [PMID: 38885615 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), significant alterations in the tissue microenvironment lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the remodeling of neural circuits, thereby impeding recovery. Although previous studies have demonstrated a marked decrease in pH at the injury site, creating an acidic microenvironment, the impact of improving this acidic microenvironment on SCI recovery has not been investigated. This study prepared a lysine@hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) (L@H/G) composite hydrogel. The L@H/G composite hydrogel was demonstrated to release lysine and efficiently improve the acidic microenvironment slowly. Significantly, the composite hydrogel reduced cell apoptosis, promoted nerve regeneration, inhibited glial scar formation, and ultimately enhanced motor function recovery in mice with SCI. Mechanistically, the L@H/G hydrogel improved the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and fatty acid metabolism, restoring energy supply and facilitating mitochondrial function recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report confirming that improving the acidic microenvironment could promote SCI repair, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China
| | - Lu Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiali Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tianling Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Feifei Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lei Li
- Science and Teaching Affairs Section, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhanwei Ruan
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 108 Wansong Road, Ruian, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China
- Central Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China
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10
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Agarwal G, Shumard S, McCrary MW, Osborne O, Santiago JM, Ausec B, Schmidt CE. Decellularized porcine peripheral nerve based injectable hydrogels as a Schwann cell carrier for injured spinal cord regeneration. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046002. [PMID: 38885674 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To develop a clinically relevant injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine peripheral nerves and with mechanical properties comparable to native central nervous system (CNS) tissue to be used as a delivery vehicle for Schwann cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI).Approach.Porcine peripheral nerves (sciatic and peroneal) were decellularized by chemical decellularization using a sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) method previously developed by our group. The decellularized nerves were delipidated using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent and then digested using pepsin enzyme to form injectable hydrogel formulations. Genipin was used as a crosslinker to enhance mechanical properties. The injectability, mechanical properties, and gelation kinetics of the hydrogels were further analyzed using rheology. Schwann cells encapsulated within the injectable hydrogel formulations were passed through a 25-gauge needle and cell viability was assessed using live/dead staining. The ability of the hydrogel to maintain Schwann cell viability against an inflammatory milieu was assessedin vitrousing inflamed astrocytes co-cultured with Schwann cells.Mainresults. The SDD method effectively removes cells and retains extracellular matrix in decellularized tissues. Using rheological studies, we found that delipidation of decellularized porcine peripheral nerves using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent improves gelation kinetics and mechanical strength of hydrogels. The delipidated and decellularized hydrogels crosslinked using genipin mimicked the mechanical strength of CNS tissue. The hydrogels were found to have shear thinning properties desirable for injectable formulations and they also maintained higher Schwann cell viability during injection compared to saline controls. Usingin vitroco-culture experiments, we found that the genipin-crosslinked hydrogels also protected Schwann cells from astrocyte-mediated inflammation.Significance. Injectable hydrogels developed using delipidated and decellularized porcine peripheral nerves are a potential clinically relevant solution to deliver Schwann cells, and possibly other therapeutic cells, at the SCI site by maintaining higher cellular viability and increasing therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Samantha Shumard
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Olivia Osborne
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jorge Mojica Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Breanna Ausec
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
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11
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Zhang W, Liu M, Ren J, Han S, Zhou X, Zhang D, Guo X, Feng H, Ye L, Feng S, Song X, Jin L, Wei Z. Magnetic Nanoparticles and Methylprednisolone Based Physico-Chemical Bifunctional Neural Stem Cells Delivery System for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308993. [PMID: 38516757 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation is an attractive and promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Various pathological processes including the severe inflammatory cascade and difficulty in stable proliferation and differentiation of NSCs limit its application and translation. Here, a novel physico-chemical bifunctional neural stem cells delivery system containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs and methylprednisolone (MP) is designed to repair SCI, the former regulates NSCs differentiation through magnetic mechanical stimulation in the chronic phase, while the latter alleviates inflammatory response in the acute phase. The delivery system releases MP to promote microglial M2 polarization, inhibit M1 polarization, and reduce neuronal apoptosis. Meanwhile, NSCs tend to differentiate into functional neurons with magnetic mechanical stimulation generated by MNPs in the static magnetic field, which is related to the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. SCI mice achieve better functional recovery after receiving NSCs transplantation via physico-chemical bifunctional delivery system, which has milder inflammation, higher number of M2 microglia, more functional neurons, and axonal regeneration. Together, this bifunctional NSCs delivery system combined physical mechanical stimulation and chemical drug therapy is demonstrated to be effective, which provides new treatment insights into clinical transformation of SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shuwei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xianzheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haiwen Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lei Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xizi Song
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, No. 6, Middle Section of Wenchang Avenue, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
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12
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Kong F, Yu H, Gao L, Xing E, Yu Y, Sun X, Wang W, Zhao D, Li X. Multifunctional Hierarchical Nanoplatform with Anisotropic Bimodal Mesopores for Effective Neural Circuit Reconstruction after Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13333-13345. [PMID: 38717602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A persistent inflammatory response, intrinsic limitations in axonal regenerative capacity, and widespread presence of extrinsic axonal inhibitors impede the restoration of motor function after a spinal cord injury (SCI). A versatile treatment platform is urgently needed to address diverse clinical manifestations of SCI. Herein, we present a multifunctional nanoplatform with anisotropic bimodal mesopores for effective neural circuit reconstruction after SCI. The hierarchical nanoplatform features of a Janus structure consist of dual compartments of hydrophilic mesoporous silica (mSiO2) and hydrophobic periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO), each possessing distinct pore sizes of 12 and 3 nm, respectively. Unlike traditional hierarchical mesoporous nanomaterials with dual-mesopores interlaced with each other, the two sets of mesopores in this Janus nanoplatform are spatially independent and possess completely distinct chemical properties. The Janus mesopores facilitate controllable codelivery of dual drugs with distinct properties: the hydrophilic macromolecular enoxaparin (ENO) and the hydrophobic small molecular paclitaxel (PTX). Anchoring with CeO2, the resulting mSiO2&PMO-CeO2-PTX&ENO nanoformulation not only effectively alleviates ROS-induced neuronal apoptosis but also enhances microtubule stability to promote intrinsic axonal regeneration and facilitates axonal extension by diminishing the inhibitory effect of extracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. We believe that this functional dual-mesoporous nanoplatform holds significant potential for combination therapy in treating severe multifaceted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyue Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lifei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Enyun Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Qiu S, Dai H, Wang Y, Lv Y, Yu B, Yao C. The therapeutic potential of microRNAs to ameliorate spinal cord injury by regulating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and remyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1404463. [PMID: 38812792 PMCID: PMC11135050 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1404463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury, posing a serious threat to human health and quality of life. One significant characteristic feature of pathological changes following injury in the nervous system is demyelination, which partially contributes to the long-term deficits in neural function after injury. The remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is mainly mediated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Numerous complex intracellular signaling and transcriptional factors regulate the differentiation process from OPCs to mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelination. Studies have shown the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in regulating OPC functions. In this review, we focus on the demyelination and remyelination after SCI, and summarize the progress of miRNAs on OPC functions and remyelination, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for SCI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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14
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Qian D, Dong Y, Liu X, Yu H, Song Z, Jia C, Zhang Z, Cao S, Hu F, Zhang X. Salidroside promotes the repair of spinal cord injury by inhibiting astrocyte polarization, promoting neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:224. [PMID: 38724500 PMCID: PMC11082153 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a formidable challenge, lacking effective treatments. Following SCI, neural stem cells (NSCs) migrate to SCI sites, offering a potential avenue for nerve regeneration, but the effectiveness of this intrinsic repair mechanism remains suboptimal. Salidroside has demonstrated pro-repair attributes in various pathological conditions, including arthritis and cerebral ischemia, and the ability to curtail early-stage inflammation following SCI. However, the specific role of salidroside in the late-stage repair processes of SCI remains less defined. In this investigation, we observed that continuous salidroside treatment in SCI mice improved motor function recovery. Immunofluorescence-staining corroborated salidroside's capacity to stimulate nerve regeneration and remyelination, suppress glial scar hyperplasia, reduce the activation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes, and facilitate NSCs migration towards the injured region. Mechanistically, in vitro experiments elucidated salidroside's significant role in restraining astrocyte proliferation and A1 polarization. It was further established that A1 astrocytes hinder NSCs proliferation while inducing their differentiation into astrocytes. Salidroside effectively ameliorated this inhibition of NSCs proliferation through diminishing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway phosphorylation and restored their differentiation into neurons by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that salidroside holds promise as a therapeutic agent for traumatic SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfei Qian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaole Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haichao Yu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zelong Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chengqi Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Fanqi Hu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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15
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Ozcicek I, Aysit N, Balcikanli Z, Ayturk NU, Aydeger A, Baydas G, Aydin MS, Altintas E, Erim UC. Development of BDNF/NGF/IKVAV Peptide Modified and Gold Nanoparticle Conductive PCL/PLGA Nerve Guidance Conduit for Regeneration of the Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300453. [PMID: 38224015 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are very common worldwide, leading to permanent nerve function loss with devastating effects in the affected patients. The challenges and inadequate results in the current clinical treatments are leading scientists to innovative neural regenerative research. Advances in nanoscience and neural tissue engineering have opened new avenues for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In order for designed nerve guidance conduit (NGC) to be functionally useful, it must have ideal scaffold properties and topographic features that promote the linear orientation of damaged axons. In this study, it is aimed to develop channeled polycaprolactone (PCL)/Poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) hybrid film scaffolds, modify their surfaces by IKVAV pentapeptide/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or polypyrrole (PPy) and investigate the behavior of motor neurons on the designed scaffold surfaces in vitro under static/bioreactor conditions. Their potential to promote neural regeneration after implantation into the rat SCI by shaping the film scaffolds modified with neural factors into a tubular form is also examined. It is shown that channeled groups decorated with AuNPs highly promote neurite orientation under bioreactor conditions and also the developed optimal NGC (PCL/PLGA G1-IKVAV/BDNF/NGF-AuNP50) highly regenerates SCI. The results indicate that the designed scaffold can be an ideal candidate for spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ozcicek
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Nese Aysit
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Balcikanli
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Ulas Ayturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey
| | - Asel Aydeger
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Gulsena Baydas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Esra Altintas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Umit Can Erim
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
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16
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Li X, Ji R, Duan L, Hao Z, Su Y, Wang H, Guan F, Ma S. MG53/GMs/HA-Dex neural scaffold promotes the functional recovery of spinal cord injury by alleviating neuroinflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131520. [PMID: 38615859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The adverse microenvironment, including neuroinflammation, hinders the recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Regulating microglial polarization to alleviate neuroinflammation at the injury site is an effective strategy for SCI recovery. MG53 protein exerts obvious repair ability on multiple tissues damage, but with short half-life. In this study, we composited an innovative MG53/GMs/HA-Dex neural scaffold using gelatin microspheres (GMs), hyaluronic acid (HA), and dextran (Dex) loaded with MG53 protein. This novel neural scaffold could respond to MMP-2/9 protein and stably release MG53 protein with good physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. In addition, it significantly improved the motor function of SCI mice, suppressed M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation, and promoted neurogenesis and axon regeneration. Further mechanistic experiments demonstrated that MG53/GMs/HA-Dex hydrogel inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, this MG53/GMs/HA-Dex neural scaffold promotes the functional recovery of SCI mice by alleviating neuroinflammation, which provides a new intervention strategy for the neural regeneration and functional repair of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Rong Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Linyan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhizhong Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujing Su
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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17
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Liu M, Zhang W, Han S, Zhang D, Zhou X, Guo X, Chen H, Wang H, Jin L, Feng S, Wei Z. Multifunctional Conductive and Electrogenic Hydrogel Repaired Spinal Cord Injury via Immunoregulation and Enhancement of Neuronal Differentiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313672. [PMID: 38308338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a refractory neurological disorder. Due to the complex pathological processes, especially the secondary inflammatory cascade and the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity, it is difficult to recover neurological function after SCI. Meanwhile, simulating the conductive microenvironment of the spinal cord reconstructs electrical neural signal transmission interrupted by SCI and facilitates neural repair. Therefore, a double-crosslinked conductive hydrogel (BP@Hydrogel) containing black phosphorus nanoplates (BP) is synthesized. When placed in a rotating magnetic field (RMF), the BP@Hydrogel can generate stable electrical signals and exhibit electrogenic characteristic. In vitro, the BP@Hydrogel shows satisfactory biocompatibility and can alleviate the activation of microglia. When placed in the RMF, it enhances the anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, wireless electrical stimulation promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons, which is associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, the BP@Hydrogel is injectable and can elicit behavioral and electrophysiological recovery in complete transected SCI mice by alleviating the inflammation and facilitating endogenous NSCs to form functional neurons and synapses under the RMF. The present research develops a multifunctional conductive and electrogenic hydrogel for SCI repair by targeting multiple mechanisms including immunoregulation and enhancement of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuwei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xianzheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, No. 6, Middle Section of Wenchang Avenue, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
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Chen X, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wu X, Du A, Al Mamun A, Xu Y, Wang S, Jiang C, Xie L, Zhou K, Hu S, Xiao J. Poly (Betulinic Acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with bFGF Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303462. [PMID: 38243745 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the crucial molecular events of secondary spinal cord injury (SCI). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multipotent cell growth factor with an anti-oxidant effect. However, bFGF has a short half-life in vivo, which limits its therapeutic application. Biodegradable polymers with excellent biocompatibility have been recently applied in SCI. The negative aspect is that polymers cannot provide a significant therapeutic effect. Betulinic acid (BA), a natural anti-inflammatory compound, has been polymerized into poly (betulinic acid) (PBA) to serve as a drug carrier for bFGF. This study explores the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of PBA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with bFGF (PBA-bFGF NPs) in SCI. Results show that PBA-bFGF NPs produce remarkable biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. The results also demonstrate that local delivery of PBA-bFGF NPs enhances motor function recovery, inhibits OS, mitigates neuroinflammation, and alleviates neuronal apoptosis following SCI. Furthermore, the results indicate that local delivery of PBA-bFGF NPs activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) signaling pathway following SCI. In summary, results suggest that local delivery of PBA-bFGF NPs delivers potential therapeutic advantages in the treatment and management of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghang Chen
- Department of Arthroplasty, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Beini Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yongxiu Zhou
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xuejuan Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Anyu Du
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Central Research Laboratory of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Yitie Xu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Arthroplasty, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Arthroplasty, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
| | - Ling Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- Department of Arthroplasty, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Arthroplasty, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317500, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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19
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Gao J, Chen S, Lin S, Mei X. Prussian blue analogues improves the microenvironment after spinal cord injury by regulating Zn. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111868. [PMID: 38493692 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury, neuronal apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of macrophages are the main mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Based on the Prussian blue nanomase's strong ability to clear free radicals, the treatment of spinal cord injury with nano-zirconium (Pb-Zr) was carried out. The disease treatment strategy based on nanomaterials has excellent therapeutic effect, and Prussian blue analogs have good therapeutic properties, so the application prospects of Prussian blue analogs is broad. From the point of view of Prussian blue content, improving the presence of zirconium in the microenvironment significantly increased the activity of Prussian blue. Prussian Blue zirconium significantly improved lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN-γ) induced neuronal cell (pc12 cells) and macrophage dysfunction by improving oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the microenvironment. It can promote the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. In vivo experiments, it shows that Prussian blue zirconium can improve inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of spinal cord tissue, promote regenerative therapy after spinal cord injury, and improve motor function. Moreover, it has been reported that high-priced Zr4+ cations can regulate the deposition and nucleation behavior of Zn2+ in high-performance zinc metal anodes. Therefore, we propose the hypothesis that Pb-Zr modulates Zn2+ be used to promote recovery from spinal cord injury. The results show that nanomaterial is beneficial in the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study provides a good prospect for the application of spinal cord injury treatment. It also provides an important feasibility for subsequent clinical conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China
| | - ShuRui Chen
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research, Station School of Medicine, Jinan Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China.
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121000, China.
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20
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Huang J, Hu X, Chen Z, Ouyang F, Li J, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Yao F, Jing J, Cheng L. Fascin-1 limits myosin activity in microglia to control mechanical characterization of the injured spinal cord. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:88. [PMID: 38600569 PMCID: PMC11005239 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical softening of the glial scar region regulates axonal regeneration to impede neurological recovery in central nervous system (CNS) injury. Microglia, a crucial cellular component of the glial scar, facilitate neuronal survival and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the critical mechanical characterization of injured spinal cord that harmonizes neuroprotective function of microglia remains poorly understood. METHODS Spinal cord tissue stiffness was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a mouse model of crush injury. Pharmacological depletion of microglia using PLX5622 was used to explore the effect of microglia on mechanical characterization. Conditional knockout of Fascin-1 in microglia (Fascin-1 CKO) alone or in combination with inhibition of myosin activity was performed to delve into relevant mechanisms of microglia regulating mechanical signal. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the related protein levels, inflammatory cells, and neuron survival after SCI. The Basso mouse scale score was calculated to assess functional recovery. RESULTS Spinal cord tissue significantly softens after SCI. Microglia depletion or Fascin-1 knockout in microglia limits tissue softening and alters mechanical characterization, which leads to increased tissue pathology and impaired functional recovery. Mechanistically, Fascin-1 inhibits myosin activation to promote microglial migration and control mechanical characterization after SCI. CONCLUSIONS We reveal that Fascin-1 limits myosin activity to regulate mechanical characterization after SCI, and this mechanical signal should be considered in future approaches for the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xuyang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zeqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fangru Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yixue Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yuanzhe Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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21
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Huang A, Huang Y, Yang W, Wang L, You R, Wang J, Yan S, Zhang Q. Fabrication of multifunctional silk nanofibril/hyaluronic acid scaffold for spinal cord repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130287. [PMID: 38373567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds accurately mimicking the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix have garnered significant interest in tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a platform utilizing natural silk nanofibrils, hyaluronic acid, and basic fibroblast growth factor for the purpose of promoting spinal cord regeneration by creating an optimal microenvironment. The bioactive scaffold exhibited notable characteristics such as high porosity and hydrophilicity, attributed to its unique nanostructure, high connectivity, and polysaccharide composition. Furthermore, the pore size of the scaffold can be adjusted within the range of 90 μm to 120 μm by varying the content of hyaluronic acid. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded into the scaffold, demonstrating enhanced cell viability. The scaffold facilitated cell proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments on rats indicated that the scaffold had a beneficial impact on spinal cord regeneration, creating a conducive environment for motor function recovery of the rats. This effect may be attributed to the scaffold's ability to stimulate axon growth and neuronal survival, as well as inhibit the formation of glial scars, as evidenced by the decreased expression of growth associated protein-43, microtubule-associated protein 2, and neurofilament-200. This study presents a promising method to develop a feasible bioscaffold for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Renchuan You
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Silk Products in Medical and Health Use, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Silk Products in Medical and Health Use, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
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22
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Luan Z, Liu J, Li M, Wang Y, Wang Y. Exosomes derived from umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and reduce the inflammatory response to promote recovery from spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:184. [PMID: 38491537 PMCID: PMC10943766 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic disease of the central nervous system and leads to incomplete or complete loss of the body's autonomous motor and sensory functions, seriously endangering human health. Recently, exosomes have been proposed as important substances in cell-to-cell interactions. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes exert good therapeutic effects and play a crucial role in neurological damage repair. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying their effects remain unknown. Herein, we found that compared to SCI rats, those subjected to umbilical cord MSC (UC-MSC)-derived exosomes injection showed an improved motor ability. Nevertheless, the transcriptome of BV2 microglia in different treatment groups indicated that the action pathway of exosomes might be the NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Additionally, exosomes from UC-MSCs could inhibit P38, JNK, ERK, and P65 phosphorylation in BV2 microglia and SCI rat tissues. Moreover, exosomes could inhibit apoptosis and inflammatory reaction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of BV2 microglia in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, UC-MSCs-derived exosomes might protect SCI in rats by inhibiting inflammatory response via the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway, representing novel treatment targets or approaches for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luan
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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23
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Gu C, Geng X, Wu Y, Dai Y, Zeng J, Wang Z, Fang H, Sun Y, Chen X. Engineered Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles with Enhanced CCR2 Expression Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Neuronal death. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305659. [PMID: 37884477 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disorder characterized by significant disability and limited treatment options. Mitigating the secondary inflammatory response following the initial injury is the primary focus of current research in the treatment of SCI. CCL2 (C─C motif chemokine ligand 2) serves as the primary regulator responsible for inflammatory chemotaxis of the majority of peripheral immune cells, blocking the CCL2-CCR2 (C─C chemokine receptor type 2) axis has shown considerable therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases, including SCI. In this study, it presents a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform (CCR2-MM@PLGA/Cur) specifically designed to target the CCL2-CCR2 axis, which consisted of an engineered macrophage membrane (MM) coating with enhanced CCR2 expression and a PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticle that encapsulated therapeutic drugs. CCR2 overexpression on MM not only enhanced drug-targeted delivery to the injury site, but also attenuated macrophage infiltration, microglia pro-inflammatory polarization, and neuronal apoptosis by trapping CCL2. Consequently, it facilitated neural regeneration and motor function recovery in SCI mice, enabling a comprehensive treatment approach for SCI. The feasibility and efficacy of this platform are confirmed through a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, offering new insights and potential avenues for further exploration in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwu Geng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yuya Dai
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Zeng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
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24
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Liu S, Wu Q, Wang L, Xing C, Guo J, Li B, Ma H, Zhong H, Zhou M, Zhu S, Zhu R, Ning G. Coordination function index: A novel indicator for assessing hindlimb locomotor recovery in spinal cord injury rats based on catwalk gait parameters. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114765. [PMID: 37992973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical studies of spinal cord injury (SCI), behavioral assessments are crucial for evaluating treatment effectiveness. Commonly used methods include Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and the Louisville swim scale (LSS), relying on subjective observations. The CatWalk automated gait analysis system is also widely used in SCI studies, providing extensive gait parameters from footprints. However, these parameters are often used independently or combined simply without utilizing the vast amount of data provided by CatWalk. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel approach encompassing multiple CatWalk parameters for a comprehensive and objective assessment of locomotor function. In this work, we screened 208 CatWalk XT gait parameters and identified 38 suitable for assessing hindlimb motor function recovery in a rat thoracic contusion SCI model. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reveal structural relationships among these parameters. Weighted scores for Coordination effectively differentiated hindlimb motor function levels, termed as the Coordinated Function Index (CFI). CFI showed high reliability, exhibiting high correlations with BBB scores, LSS, and T2WI lesion area. Finally, we simplified CFI based on factor loadings and correlation analysis, obtaining a streamlined version with reliable assessment efficacy. In conclusion, we developed a systematic assessment indicator utilizing multiple CatWalk parameters to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Junrui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Baicao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China.
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Liu R, Peng B, Yuan J, Hu J, Yang J, Shan N, Li Q, Zhao B, Xu C, Wang Y. Research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2018-2023. Front Genet 2024; 15:1327216. [PMID: 38380424 PMCID: PMC10877028 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1327216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury to gain an intuitive understanding of how the field is progressing, discover topics of interest, and determine what development trends are emerging in this field. Background: Spinal cord injury and its complications often cause an enormous economic burden, and postinjury repair and treatment have always been challenging in clinical and scientific research. Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury can prevent immune rejection and induce the release of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to reduce the production of stress-related proteins, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Methods: We analyzed the number and quality of publications in the field of stem cell therapy in spinal cord injury between 2018.01.01 and 2023.06.30 in the core collection database of Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to sort and summarize these studies by country, institution, authors' publications, and collaborative networks. In addition, the research topics of interest were identified and summarized. Results: This study ultimately included 2,150 valid papers, with the number of publications showing a gradual upward trend. The country, institution, author and journal with the greatest number of publications and citations are China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dai JW, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, respectively. The top three high-frequency keyword clusters were hereditary paraplegia, reactive astrocytes and tissue engineering. Conclusion: With the help of visual analysis, we identified general trends and research topics of interest in the field of spinal cord injury over the last 5 years. Our findings suggest that stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury and exosome therapy may be a focus of future research. This study provides a foundation for future research on stem cell therapy as well as clinical efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nan Shan
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qichao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Yang R, Zhang Y, Kang J, Zhang C, Ning B. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Revisited: Its Mechanism of Generation and Action for Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2024; 15:153-168. [PMID: 37307832 PMCID: PMC10796098 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes (RAs) produce chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in large quantities after spinal cord injury (SCI) and inhibit axon regeneration through the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. However, the mechanism of producing CSPGs by RAs and their roles in other aspects are often overlooked. In recent years, novel generation mechanisms and functions of CSPGs have gradually emerged. Extracellular traps (ETs), a new recently discovered phenomenon in SCI, can promote secondary injury. ETs are released by neutrophils and microglia, which activate astrocytes to produce CSPGs after SCI. CSPGs inhibit axon regeneration and play an important role in regulating inflammation as well as cell migration and differentiation; some of these regulations are beneficial. The current review summarized the process of ET-activated RAs to generate CSPGs at the cellular signaling pathway level. Moreover, the roles of CSPGs in inhibiting axon regeneration, regulating inflammation, and regulating cell migration and differentiation were discussed. Finally, based on the above process, novel potential therapeutic targets were proposed to eliminate the adverse effects of CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianning Kang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhao C, Zhou T, Li M, Liu J, Zhao X, Pang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Ma L, Li W, Yao X, Feng S. Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:434-439. [PMID: 37488908 PMCID: PMC10503625 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis. However, whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown. In this study, we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor Moder III and performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days. Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord. RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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28
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Y, Li Z, Xu X, Talifu Z, Liu W, Yang D, Gao F, Wei S, Zhang L, Gong H, Peng R, Du L, Li J. Impact of inflammation and Treg cell regulation on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334828. [PMID: 38348031 PMCID: PMC10859493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological trauma that can frequently lead to neuropathic pain. During the initial stages following spinal cord injury, inflammation plays a critical role; however, excessive inflammation can exacerbate pain. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have a crucial function in regulating inflammation and alleviating neuropathic pain. Treg cells release suppressor cytokines and modulate the function of other immune cells to suppress the inflammatory response. Simultaneously, inflammation impedes Treg cell activity, further intensifying neuropathic pain. Therefore, suppressing the inflammatory response while enhancing Treg cell regulatory function may provide novel therapeutic avenues for treating neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury. This review comprehensively describes the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and Treg cell regulation subsequent to spinal cord injury, with a specific focus on exploring the potential mechanisms through which Treg cells regulate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. The insights gained from this review aim to provide new concepts and a rationale for the therapeutic prospects and direction of cell therapy in spinal cord injury-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wubo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wei
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Run Peng
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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29
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Yu T, Yang LL, Zhou Y, Wu MF, Jiao JH. Exosome-mediated repair of spinal cord injury: a promising therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38167108 PMCID: PMC10763489 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) that can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and imposes a major economic burden on society. The pathological process of SCI is divided into primary and secondary injury, and secondary injury is a cascade of amplified responses triggered by the primary injury. Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanisms of SCI, there is no clear and effective treatment strategy in clinical practice. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles of endoplasmic origin with a diameter of 30-150 nm, play a critical role in intercellular communication and have become an ideal vehicle for drug delivery. A growing body of evidence suggests that exosomes have great potential for repairing SCI. In this review, we introduce exosome preparation, functions, and administration routes. In addition, we summarize the effect and mechanism by which various exosomes repair SCI and review the efficacy of exosomes in combination with other strategies to repair SCI. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the use of exosomes to repair SCI are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, The Third Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min-Fei Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Hang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China.
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30
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Yari D, Saberi A, Salmasi Z, Ghoreishi SA, Etemad L, Movaffagh J, Ganjeifar B. Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2024; 12:380-399. [PMID: 38919744 PMCID: PMC11195032 DOI: 10.22038/abjs.2023.73944.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex, multifaceted, progressive, and yet incurable complication that can cause irreversible damage to the individual, family, and society. In recent years strategies for the management and rehabilitation of SCI besides axonal regeneration, remyelination, and neuronal plasticity of the injured spinal cord have significantly improved. Although most of the current research and therapeutic advances have been made in animal models, so far, no specific and complete treatment has been reported for SCI in humans. The failure to treat this complication has been due to the inherent neurological complexity and the structural, cellular, molecular, and biochemical characteristics of spinal cord injury. In this review, in addition to elucidating the causes of spinal cord injury from a molecular and pathophysiological perspective, the complexity and drawbacks of neural regeneration that lead to the failure in SCI treatment are described. Also, recent advances and cutting-edge strategies in most areas of SCI treatment are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Yari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saberi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Ghoreishi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jebrail Movaffagh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Ganjeifar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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Chen K, Li B, Xu H, Wu J, Li J, Sun W, Fang M, Wang W, Wang S, Zhai X. Zeolitic imidazole framework-8 loaded gelatin methacryloyl microneedles: A transdural and controlled-release drug delivery system attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128388. [PMID: 38016601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a matter of significant clinical concern, often treated through early surgical decompression along with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). However, the side effects and the unsatisfactory focal concentration of MPSS have limited its further applications. To address this limitation, herein, a versatile drug delivery system of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) and gelatin methacryloyl microneedles (GelMA MNs) was developed for stable, transdural, and controlled sustained release of drugs in SCI. The microneedles were used to create tiny pores in the dura mater, allowing for the direct administration of drugs into the spinal cord. ZIF-8 provided a secondary extended release once they were separated from the microneedles. To attenuate the neuroinflammation, MPSS was selected. Such a combination of ZIF-8 and GelMA MNs was able to prolong the release period of MPSS to five days. The system showed transdural capacity, reduction of M1 polarization, and decrease in NLRP3-positive inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies indicated that this novel drug delivery strategy could constrict the inflammatory microenvironment, reduce glial scar formation, and promote neural regeneration. Thus, this versatile drug delivery system provides an up-and-coming alternative for stable, transdural, and controlled sustained release of drugs to those suffering from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Basic Medicine College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wuquan Sun
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
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32
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Chen X, Liu Y, Stavrinou P, Stavrinou L, Hu W, Goldbrunner R, Zheng F, He H. Spinal cord injury: Olfactory ensheathing cell-based therapeutic strategies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25283. [PMID: 38284859 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated. Recent studies have optimized various OEC transplantation strategies, including drug integration, biomaterials, and gene editing. This review aims to introduce OECs mechanisms in repairing SCI, summarize the research progress of OEC transplantation-optimized strategies, and provide novel research ideas for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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33
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Yin P, Liang W, Han B, Yang Y, Sun D, Qu X, Hai Y, Luo D. Hydrogel and Nanomedicine-Based Multimodal Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301173. [PMID: 37884459 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by mechanical and biological factors, manifesting as a loss of motor and sensory functions. Inhibition of injury expansion and even reversal of injury in the acute damage stage of SCI are important strategies for treating this disease. Hydrogels and nanoparticle (NP)-based drugs are the most effective, widely studied, and clinically valuable therapeutic strategies in the field of repair and regeneration. Hydrogels are 3D flow structures that fill the pathological gaps in SCI and provide a microenvironment similar to that of the spinal cord extracellular matrix for nerve cell regeneration. NP-based drugs can easily penetrate the blood-spinal cord barrier, target SCI lesions, and are noninvasive. Hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers can be loaded with various drugs and biological therapeutic factors for slow release in SCI lesions. They help drugs function more efficiently by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and nerve regeneration effects to promote the recovery of neurological function. In this review, the use of hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers and the role of both in the repair of SCI are discussed to provide a multimodal strategic reference for nerve repair and regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weishi Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Duan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
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Kao Y, Zhu H, Yang Y, Shen W, Song W, Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu H, Kong X. CREB1 Facilitates GABAergic Neural Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through BRN2 for Pain Alleviation and Locomotion Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 38201271 PMCID: PMC10778540 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of GABAergic neuron cells has been reported to alleviate nerve pain and improve motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into GABAergic neuron cells in a sufficient quantity remains to be accomplished. From a database screening, cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) was chosen as a potential modulator due to its critical role in the protein-protein interaction of genes related to GABAergic neural differentiation. Here, CREB1 was overexpressed in transfected hMSCs, where CREB1 could induce differentiation into GABAergic neuron cells with an upregulation of Map2 and GAD1 by 2- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Additionally, GABAergic neural differentiation was enhanced, while Notch signaling was inhibited, and BRN2 transcriptional activation played an important role in neuronal maturation. Moreover, transfected hMSCs injected into immunocompromised mice caused by CsA exhibited the neuronal markers Tuj1 and Map2 via the intraspinal route, suggesting an improvement in survival and neural differentiation. Significantly, improvement in both BMS scores (6.2 ± 1.30 vs. 4 ± 0) and thermal hyperalgesia latency (7.74 ± 2.36 s vs. 4.52 ± 0.39 s) was seen compared with the SCI naïve treatment at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Our study demonstrates that CREB1 is crucial in generating induced GABAergic neuron cells (iGNs) originating from hMSCs. Transplanting iGNs to injured spinal cord provides a promising strategy for alleviating neuropathic pain and locomotion recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Kao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hanming Zhu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei Song
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haoyun Liu
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Orthopedic Research Center of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Xu L, Zhao H, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zhong W, Jiang G, Yu X. The application of stem cell sheets for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies. Syst Rev 2023; 12:225. [PMID: 38037129 PMCID: PMC10688065 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell sheet implantation offers a promising avenue for spinal cord injury (SCI) and is currently under investigation in pre-clinical in vivo studies. Nevertheless, a systematic review of the relevant literature is yet to be performed. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the efficacy of stem cell sheet technology in treating SCI, as indicated by experimental animal model studies. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that did not pertain to in vivo pre-clinical studies and those published in non-English languages were excluded. A risk assessment for bias was performed using the SYRCLE tool. Extracted data were synthesized only qualitatively because the data were not suitable for conducting the meta-analysis. RESULTS Among the 847 studies retrieved from electronic database searches, seven met the inclusion criteria. Six of these studies employed a complete transection model, while one utilized a compression model. Stem cell sources included bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In all included studies, stem cell sheet application significantly improved motor and sensory functional scores compared to intreated SCI rats. This functional recovery correlated with histological improvements at the injury site. All studies are at low risk of bias but certain domains were not reported by some or all of the studies. CONCLUSION The results of our systematic review suggest that stem cell sheets may be a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI. Future research should be conducted on stem cell sheets in various animal models and types of SCI, and careful validation is necessary before translating stem cell sheets into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongdong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu B, Gu G, Ren J, Song X, Li J, Wang C, Zhang W, Huo Y, Wang H, Jin L, Feng S, Wei Z. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes and Methylprednisolone Composite Patch for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22928-22943. [PMID: 37948097 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause permanent loss of sensory and motor function, and there is no effective clinical treatment, to date. Due to the complex pathological process involved after injury, synergistic treatments are very urgently needed in clinical practice. We designed a nanofiber scaffold hyaluronic acid hydrogel patch to release both exosomes and methylprednisolone to the injured spinal cord in a non-invasive manner. This composite patch showed good biocompatibility in the stabilization of exosome morphology and toxicity to nerve cells. Meanwhile, the composite patch increased the proportion of M2-type macrophages and reduced neuronal apoptosis in an in vitro study. In vivo, the functional and electrophysiological performance of rats with SCI was significantly improved when the composite patch covered the surface of the hematoma. The composite patch inhibited the inflammatory response through macrophage polarization from M1 type to M2 type and increased the survival of neurons by inhibition neuronal of apoptosis after SCI. The therapeutic effects of this composite patch can be attributed to TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, and Akt/mTOR pathways. Thus, the composite patch provides a medicine-exosomes dual-release system and may provide a non-invasive method for clinical treatment for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guangjin Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Jie Ren
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junjin Li
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yanqing Huo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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Ji R, Hao Z, Wang H, Li X, Duan L, Guan F, Ma S. Application of Injectable Hydrogels as Delivery Systems in Spinal Cord Injury. Gels 2023; 9:907. [PMID: 37998998 PMCID: PMC10670785 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological injury caused by traffic accidents, trauma, or falls, which leads to significant loss of sensory, motor, and autonomous functions and seriously affects the patient's life quality. Although considerable progress has been made in mitigating secondary injury and promoting the regeneration/repair of SCI, the therapeutic effects need to be improved due to drug availability. Given their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, injectable hydrogels can be used as delivery systems to achieve controlled release of drugs and other substances (cells and proteins, etc.), offering new hope for SCI repair. In this article, we summarized the types of injectable hydrogels, analyzed their application as delivery systems in SCI, and further discussed the mechanisms of hydrogels in the treatment of SCI, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and pro-neurogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the potential benefits of hydrogels in the treatment of SCI in combination with therapies, including the recent advances and achievements of these promising tools. Our review may offer new strategies for the development of SCI treatments based on injectable hydrogels as delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.J.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.J.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
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Wang S, Wang R, Chen J, Yang B, Shu J, Cheng F, Tao Y, Shi K, Wang C, Wang J, Xia K, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Liang C, Tang J, Li F. Controlled extracellular vesicles release from aminoguanidine nanoparticle-loaded polylysine hydrogel for synergistic treatment of spinal cord injury. J Control Release 2023; 363:27-42. [PMID: 37722419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical treatments are critical for the acute and subacute phases of spinal cord injury (SCI) and significantly impact patients' prognoses. However, there is a lack of a precise, multitemporal, integrated drug delivery system for medications administered in both phases. In this study, we prepare a hybrid polylysine-based hydrogel (PBHEVs@AGN) comprising short-term release of pH-responsive aminoguanidine nanoparticles (AGN) and sustained release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for synergistic SCI treatment. When AGN is exposed to the acidic environment at the injury site, it quickly diffuses out of the hydrogel and releases the majority of the aminoguanidine within 24 h, reducing oxidative stress in lesion tissues. Enriched EVs are gradually released from the hydrogel and remain in the tissue for weeks, providing a long-term anti-inflammatory effect and further ensuring axonal regeneration. Fast-releasing aminoguanidine can cooperate with slow-release EVs to treat SCI more effectively by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and blocking the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway, creating a sustained anti-inflammatory microenvironment for SCI recovery. Our in vivo experiments demonstrate that PBHEVs@AGN reduces the occurrence of scar tissue, encourages remyelination, and speeds up axonal regeneration. Herein, this multi-drug delivery system, which combines the acute release of aminoguanidine and the sustained release of EVs is highly effective for synergistically managing the challenging pathological processes after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, Collage of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Biao Yang
- Qiandongnan Prefecture People's Hospital, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, Collage of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Shang J, Ma C, Ding H, Gu G, Zhang J, Wang M, Fang K, Wei Z, Feng S. Development and validation of a differentiation-related signature based on single-cell RNA sequencing data of immune cells in spinal cord injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19853. [PMID: 37809933 PMCID: PMC10559254 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), the native immune surveillance function of the central nervous system is activated, resulting in a substantial infiltration of immune cells into the affected tissue. While numerous studies have explored the transcriptome data following SCI and revealed certain diagnostic biomarkers, there remains a paucity of research pertaining the identification of immune subtypes and molecular markers related to the immune system post-spinal cord injury using single-cell sequencing data of immune cells. Methods The researchers conducted an analysis of spinal cord samples obtained at three time points (3,10, and 21 days) following SCI using the GSE159638 dataset. The SCI subsets were delineated through pseudo-time analysis, and differentiation related genes were identified after principal component analysis (PCA), cell clustering, and annotation techniques. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were employed to assess the differentiation-related genes (DRGs) across different subsets. The molecular subtypes of SCI were determined using consensus clustering analysis. To further explore and validate the correlation between the molecular subtypes and the immune microenvironment, the CIBERSORT algorithm was employed. High-value diagnostic gene markers were identified using LASSO regression, and their diagnostic sensitivity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Three SCI subsets were obtained, and differentiation-related genes were characterized. Within these subsets, two distinct molecular subtypes, namely C1 and C2, were identified. These subtypes demonstrated significant variations in terms of immune cell infiltration levels and the expression of immune checkpoint genes. Through further analysis, three candidate biomarkers (C1qa, Lgals3 and Cd63) were identified and subsequently validated. Conclusions Our study revealed a diverse immune microenvironment in SCI samples, highlighting the potential significance of C1qa, Lgals3 and Cd63 as immune biomarkers for diagnosing SCI. Moreover, the identification of immune checkpoints corresponding to the two molecular subtypes suggests their potential as targets for immunotherapy to enhance SCI repair in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Ding
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjin Gu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and the Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Fang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Shen W, Liu Q, Li C, Abula M, Yang Z, Wang Z, Cai J, Kong X. Exploration of the effect and potential mechanism of quercetin in repairing spinal cord injury based on network pharmacology and in vivo experimental verification. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20024. [PMID: 37809922 PMCID: PMC10559748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly complex neurological disease, but there is no effective repair method. Quercetin is a flavonol drug and has a variety of biological activities, such as scavenging oxygen free radicals in the body to resist oxidation, inhibiting inflammation, and so on. In this study, quercetin was firstly demonstrated to reduce tissue damage, promote neuron survival and repair motor function after SCI in rats through in vivo experiments. Then, 293 potential targets of quercetin repair for SCI were predicted by network pharmacology. GO analysis revealed that the biological processes of potential targets focused mainly on signal transduction, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, protein phosphorylation, drug response, and so on. Similarly, KEGG analysis suggested that these potential targets were involved in cell growth regulation, differentiation, apoptosis, and a few metabolic pathways. PPI network analysis predicted that the key genes were EP300, CREBBP, SRC, HSP90AA1, TP53, PIK3R1, EGFR, ESR1, and CBL. Further, the molecular docking showed that quercetin binds well with these proteins. Finally, RT-qPCR and Western blotting experiments verified that quercetin downregulated the expression levels of PIK3R1 and EGFR. It is suggested that quercetin can repair SCI in rats through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and EGFR/MAPK pathway, which may provide a new theoretical basis for the repair of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Shen
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Liu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chuanhao Li
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Muhetidier Abula
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hotan Prefecture People's Hospital, Hotan, Xinjiang, 848000, China
| | - Zibo Yang
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhishuo Wang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Fang YM, Chen WC, Zheng WJ, Yang YS, Zhang Y, Chen XL, Pei MQ, Lin S, He HF. A cutting-edge strategy for spinal cord injury treatment: resident cellular transdifferentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1237641. [PMID: 37711511 PMCID: PMC10498389 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1237641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes varying degrees of motor and sensory function loss. However, there are no effective treatments for spinal cord repair following an injury. Moreover, significant preclinical advances in bioengineering and regenerative medicine have not yet been translated into effective clinical therapies. The spinal cord's poor regenerative capacity makes repairing damaged and lost neurons a critical treatment step. Reprogramming-based neuronal transdifferentiation has recently shown great potential in repair and plasticity, as it can convert mature somatic cells into functional neurons for spinal cord injury repair in vitro and in vivo, effectively halting the progression of spinal cord injury and promoting functional improvement. However, the mechanisms of the neuronal transdifferentiation and the induced neuronal subtypes are not yet well understood. This review analyzes the mechanisms of resident cellular transdifferentiation based on a review of the relevant recent literature, describes different molecular approaches to obtain different neuronal subtypes, discusses the current challenges and improvement methods, and provides new ideas for exploring therapeutic approaches for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jing Zheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Li Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qin Pei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Ji Z, Zheng J, Ma Y, Lei H, Lin W, Huang J, Yang H, Zhang G, Li B, Shu B, Du X, Zhang J, Lin H, Liao Y. Emergency Treatment and Photoacoustic Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury Using Reversible Dual-Signal Transform-Based Selenium Antioxidant. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207888. [PMID: 37127878 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), following explosive oxidative stress, causes an abrupt and irreversible pathological deterioration of the central nervous system. Thus, preventing secondary injuries caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as monitoring and assessing the recovery from SCI are critical for the emergency treatment of SCI. Herein, an emergency treatment strategy is developed for SCI based on the selenium (Se) matrix antioxidant system to effectively inhibit oxidative stress-induced damage and simultaneously real-time evaluate the severity of SCI using a reversible dual-photoacoustic signal (680 and 750 nm). Within the emergency treatment and photoacoustic severity assessment (ETPSA) strategy, the designed Se loaded boron dipyrromethene dye with a double hydroxyl group (Se@BDP-DOH) is simultaneously used as a sensitive reporter group and an excellent antioxidant for effectively eliminating explosive oxidative stress. Se@BDP-DOH is found to promote the recovery of both spinal cord tissue and locomotor function in mice with SCI. Furthermore, ETPSA strategy synergistically enhanced ROS consumption via the caveolin 1 (Cav 1)-related pathways, as confirmed upon treatment with Cav 1 siRNA. Therefore, the ETPSA strategy is a potential tool for improving emergency treatment and photoacoustic assessment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Judun Zheng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Shu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China
| | - Xianjin Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Guang-zhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China
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Roh EJ, Kim DS, Kim JH, Lim CS, Choi H, Kwon SY, Park SY, Kim JY, Kim HM, Hwang DY, Han DK, Han I. Multimodal therapy strategy based on a bioactive hydrogel for repair of spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122160. [PMID: 37209541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury results in permanent and serious neurological impairment, but there is no effective treatment yet. Tissue engineering approaches offer great potential for the treatment of SCI, but spinal cord complexity poses great challenges. In this study, the composite scaffold consists of a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel, decellularized brain matrix (DBM), and bioactive compounds such as polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ primed mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TI-EVs), and human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPC). The composite scaffold showed significant effects on regenerative prosses including angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and neural differentiation. In addition, the composite scaffold (DBM/PDRN/TI-EV/NPC@Gel) induced an effective spinal cord regeneration in a rat spinal cord transection model. Therefore, this multimodal approach using an integrated bioactive scaffold coupled with biochemical cues from PDRN and TI-EVs could be used as an advanced tissue engineering platform for spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea; School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Shang Z, Wanyan P, Wang M, Zhang B, Cui X, Wang X. Bibliometric analysis of stem cells for spinal cord injury: current status and emerging frontiers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1235324. [PMID: 37533634 PMCID: PMC10392836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1235324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury to visualize the research status, identify hotspots, and explore the development trends in this field. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database using relevant keywords ("stem cells" and "spinal cord injury") and retrieved the published literature between 2000 and 2022. Data such as journal title, author information, institutional affiliation, country, and keywords were extracted. Afterwards, we performed bibliometric analysis of the retrieved data using Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 5375 articles related to stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury were retrieved, and both the annual publication volume and the cumulative publication volume showed an upward trend. neural regeneration research was the journal with the most publications and the fastest cumulative publication growth (162 articles), Okano Hideyuki was the author with the highest number of publications and citations (114 articles), Sun Yat-sen University was the institution with the highest number of publications (420 articles), and China was the country with the highest number of publications (5357 articles). However, different authors, institutions, and countries need to enhance their cooperation in order to promote the generation of significant academic achievements. Current research in this field has focused on stem cell transplantation, neural regeneration, motor function recovery, exosomes, and tissue engineering. Meanwhile, future research directions are primarily concerned with the molecular mechanisms, safety, clinical trials, exosomes, scaffolds, hydrogels, and inflammatory responses of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries. Conclusion: In summary, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and frontiers of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. The findings provide a foundation for future research and clinical translation efforts of stem cell therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Guha L, Singh N, Kumar H. Different Ways to Die: Cell Death Pathways and Their Association With Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2023; 20:430-448. [PMID: 37401061 PMCID: PMC10323345 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244976.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a systematic/nonsystematic process of cessation of normal morphology and functional properties of the cell to replace and recycle old cells with new also promoting inflammation in some cases. It is a complicated process comprising multiple pathways. Some are well-explored, and others have just begun to be. The research on appropriate control of cell death pathways after acute and chronic damage of neuronal cells is being widely researched today due to the lack of regeneration and recovering potential of a neuronal cell after sustaining damage and the inability to control the direction of neuronal growth. In the progression and onset of various neurological diseases, impairments in programmed cell death signaling processes, like necroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and pathways directly or indirectly linked, like autophagy as in nonprogrammed necrosis, are observed. Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the temporary or permanent disruption of motor activities due to the death of a neuronal and glial cell in the spinal cord accompanied by axonal degeneration. Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on the intricate biochemical interactions that occur after a SCI. Different cell death pathways may significantly impact the subsequent damage processes that lead to the eventual neurological deficiency after an injury to the spinal cord. A better knowledge of the molecular basis of the involved cell death pathways might help enhance neuronal and glial survival and neurological deficits, promoting a curative path for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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46
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Chen H, Peng H, Wang PC, Zou T, Feng XM, Wan BW. Role of regulatory T cells in spinal cord injury. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:163. [PMID: 37161548 PMCID: PMC10169350 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is an intricate process involving a series of multi-temporal and multi-component pathological events, among which inflammatory response is the core. Thus, it is crucial to find a way to prevent the damaging effects of the inflammatory response. The research has found that Treg cells can suppress the activation, proliferation, and effector functions of many parenchymal cells by multiple mechanisms. This review discusses how Treg cells regulate the inflammatory cells to promote spinal cord recovery. These parenchymal cells include macrophages/microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and others. In addition, we discuss the adverse role of Treg cells, the status of treatment, and the prospects of cell-based therapies after spinal cord injury. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the regulatory role of Treg cells in spinal cord injury. We hope to offer new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Wang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Bo-Wen Wan
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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Liu R, Li Y, Wang Z, Chen P, Xie Y, Qu W, Wang M, Yu Z, Luo X. Regulatory T cells promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury by alleviating microglia inflammation via STAT3 inhibition. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36914969 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediately after spinal trauma, immune cells, and proinflammatory cytokines infiltrate the spinal cord and disrupt the focal microenvironment, which impedes axon regeneration and functional recovery. Previous studies have reported that regulatory T cells (Tregs) enter the central nervous system and exert immunosuppressive effects on microglia during multiple sclerosis and stroke. However, whether and how Tregs interact with microglia and modulate injured microenvironments after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unknown. METHOD Regulatory T cells spatiotemporal characteristics were analyzed in a mouse contusion SCI model. Microglia activation status was evaluated by immunostaining and RNA sequencing. Cytokine production in injured spinal cord was examined using Luminex. The role of STAT3 in Treg-microglia crosstalk was investigated in a transwell system with isolated Tregs and primary microglia. RESULTS Regulatory T cells infiltration of the spinal cord peaked on day 7 after SCI. Treg depletion promoted microglia switch to a proinflammatory phenotype. Inflammation-related genes, such as ApoD, as well as downstream cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were upregulated in microglia in Treg-depleted mice. STAT3 inhibition was involved in Treg-microglia crosstalk, and STAT3 chemical blockade improved function recovery in Treg-depleted mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Tregs promote functional recovery after SCI by alleviating microglia inflammatory reaction via STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wensheng Qu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gu G, Ren J, Zhu B, Shi Z, Feng S, Wei Z. Multiple mechanisms of curcumin targeting spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114224. [PMID: 36641925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an irreversible disease process with a high disability and mortality rate. After primary spinal cord injury, the secondary injury may occur in sequence, which is composed of ischemia and hypoxia, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in massive death of parenchymal cells in the injured area, followed by the formation of syringomyelia. Effectively curbing the process of secondary injury can promote nerve repair and improve functional prognosis. As the main active ingredient in turmeric, curcumin can play an important role in reducing inflammation and oxidation, protecting the neurons, and ultimately reducing spinal cord injury. This article reviews the effects of curcumin on the repair of nerve injury, with emphasis on the various mechanisms by which curcumin promotes the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Gu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ren
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongju Shi
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhijian Wei
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Li JL, Fu GQ, Wang YY, Bian MM, Xu YM, Zhang L, Chen YQ, Zhang N, Ding SQ, Wang R, Fang R, Tang J, Hu JG, Lü HZ. The polarization of microglia and infiltrated macrophages in the injured mice spinal cords: a dynamic analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14929. [PMID: 36846458 PMCID: PMC9951800 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Following spinal cord injury (SCI), a large number of peripheral monocytes infiltrate into the lesion area and differentiate into macrophages (Mø). These monocyte-derived Mø are very difficult to distinguish from the local activated microglia (MG). Therefore, the term Mø/MG are often used to define the infiltrated Mø and/or activated MG. It has been recognized that pro-inflammatory M1-type Mø/MG play "bad" roles in the SCI pathology. Our recent research showed that local M1 cells are mainly CD45-/lowCD68+CD11b+ in the subacute stage of SCI. Thus, we speculated that the M1 cells in injured spinal cords mainly derived from MG rather than infiltrating Mø. So far, their dynamics following SCI are not yet entirely clear. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were used to establish SCI model, using an Infinite Horizon impactor with a 1.3 mm diameter rod and a 50 Kdynes force. Sham-operated (sham) mice only underwent laminectomy without contusion. Flow cytometry and immunohistofluorescence were combined to analyze the dynamic changes of polarized Mø and MG in the acute (1 day), subacute (3, 7 and 14 days) and chronic (21 and 28 days) phases of SCI. Results The total Mø/MG gradually increased and peaked at 7 days post-injury (dpi), and maintained at high levels 14, 21 and 28 dpi. Most of the Mø/MG were activated, and the Mø increased significantly at 1 and 3 dpi. However, with the pathological process, activated MG increased nearly to 90% at 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi. Both M1 and M2 Mø were increased significantly at 1 and 3 dpi. However, they decreased to very low levels from 7 to 28 dpi. On the contrary, the M2-type MG decreased significantly following SCI and maintained at a low level during the pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gui-Qiang Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ming-Ming Bian
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yao-Mei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Clinical Medical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Medvediev VV, Oleksenko NP, Pichkur LD, Verbovska SA, Savosko SI, Draguntsova NG, Lontkovskyi YA, Vaslovych VV, Tsymbalyuk VI. Implantation Effect of a Fibrin Matrix Associated with Mesenchymal Wharton’s Jelly Stromal Cells on the Course of an Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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