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Khan S, Mosvi SN, Vohra S, Poddar NK. Implication of calcium supplementations in health and diseases with special focus on colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38456354 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2322565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a fundamental and integrative element and helps to ensure optimal health by regulating various physiological and pathological processes. While there is substantiated evidence confirming the beneficial effects of calcium in the treatment, management, and prevention of various health conditions, including cancer, conflicting studies are imperative to acknowledge the potential negative role of calcium supplementation. The studies on calcium supplementation showed that a specific dose can help in the maintenance of good human health, and in the control of different types of diseases, including cancer. Calcium alone and when combined with vitamin D, emerges as a promising therapeutic option for efficiently managing cancer growth, when used with chemotherapy. Combination therapy is considered a more effective approach for treating advanced types of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, several challenges drastically influence the treatment of cancer, such as individual discrepancy, drug resistance, and stage of cancer, among others. Henceforth, novel preventive, reliable therapeutic modalities are essential to control and reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis, metabolism, and regulation of oncogenesis. Numerous studies have underscored the potential of CaSR, a G protein-coupled receptor, as a potential biomarker and target for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. The multifaceted involvement of CaSR in anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic processes paves the way for its utilization in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer. The current review highlights the important role of supplemental calcium in overall health and disease, along with the exploration of intricate mechanisms of CaSR pathways in the management and prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Needa Mosvi
- Department of Biosciences, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Saeed Vohra
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Lee C, Lee S, Yoo W. Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High-Fat Diet-Induced Colorectal Cancer. J Microbiol 2024; 62:153-165. [PMID: 38625645 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungrin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Matin S, Joukar F, Maroufizadeh S, Asgharnezhad M, Karimian P, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The frequency of colorectal lesions in the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal lesions among PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study population (PGCS). BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38408909 PMCID: PMC10898130 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the frequency of colorectal lesions in the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal lesions among the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN )Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 162 first-degree relatives with a history of colorectal lesions were randomly selected from 52 participants in PGCS. All subjects underwent total colonoscopy by a gastroenterologist, and a pathologist evaluated colorectal biopsies. Also, individuals' demographic information, clinical data, and dietary habits were recorded. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 56.55 ± 7.04. Of 86 colon polyps, 52 neoplastic and 34 non-neoplastic polyps were observed in 56 patients (34.6%). Individuals with age > 60 years had 3.29-fold increased odds of developing colorectal polyps (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.13-9.56, P = 0.029). The smokers were 2.73 times more susceptible to developing colorectal polyps than non-smokers (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.24-6.02, P = 0.013). Moreover, consumption of vegetables more than three times per day was associated with decreased OR of colorectal polyp development (OR = 0.43, CI: 0.19-0.98, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of neoplastic colorectal polyps among the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal lesions, early screening is recommended for individuals with a family history of colorectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Matin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave, 41448-95655, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave, 41448-95655, Rasht, Iran
| | - Paridokht Karimian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave, 41448-95655, Rasht, Iran.
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4
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Xu J, Chi P, Qin K, Li B, Cheng Z, Yu Z, Jiang C, Yu Y. Association between lifestyle and dietary preference factors and conventional adenomas and serrated polyps. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1269629. [PMID: 38268677 PMCID: PMC10806101 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1269629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both conventional adenoma (AD) and serrated polyp (SP) were known precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC). Modifiable lifestyle factors were significantly associated with CRC risk, but whether these factors were related to the risk of different precursors of CRC needed to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the risks of AD and SP caused by lifestyle factors and compare the risk differences between AD and SP. Methods The study population was from the CRC screening cohort in Hangzhou, China. A total of 458,457 eligible individuals volunteered to undergo initial screening including the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and the CRC risk assessment. Finally, 13,993 participants who had undergone colonoscopy tests and had been diagnosed at designated hospitals were selected in this study. All participants were required to fill out a questionnaire during the initial screening for collecting their information. The generalized estimate equation (GEE) model was used to assess the association between lifestyle factors/dietary preferences and AD/SP. Results The body mass index (BMI) and smoking were positively associated with the risks of only SP (BMI: OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.23-1.84; smoking: OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.07-1.55), only AD (BMI: OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.28-1.82; OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.11-1.39), and synchronous SP and AD (BMI: OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.40-2.75; smoking: OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.27-1.85). In the case-group comparison, smoking was more strongly associated with the risk of synchronous SP and AD than only AD. Alcohol drinking was positively associated with the risk of AD (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.14-1.44), but no statistically significant difference was observed in risks in the case-group comparison. Furthermore, whole-grain intake was associated with a decreased risk of only AD (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.65-0.93). However, white meat intake was positively associated with risks of only SP when compared with AD cases (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.15-2.23). Conclusion The current study identified common risk factors such as BMI and smoking as well as different risks of certain factors (e.g., alcohol drinking and whole-grain intake) for SP and AD. However, there were still some factors, especially diet-related factors, that have not been fully elucidated in their association with the two lesions. Further research is needed in future to confirm and develop prevention strategies for different lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Xu
- HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihan Chi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Qin
- HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxue Cheng
- HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhecong Yu
- HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Jiang
- HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Espírito Santo SG, Da Silva TC, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Panx1 knockout promotes preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci development in a chemically induced model of mouse colon carcinogenesis. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:304-312. [PMID: 37594023 PMCID: PMC10652697 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is a multistep disease, featuring preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as the early morphological manifestation. The roles of hemichannel-forming transmembrane Pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein have not been investigated in the context of colon carcinogenesis yet, although it has contrasting roles in other cancer types. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effects of Panx1 knockout (Panx1-/- ) on the early events of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in mouse. Wild type (WT) and Panx1-/- female C57BL6J mice were submitted to a chemically induced model of colon carcinogenesis by receiving six intraperitoneal administrations of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogen. Animals were euthanized 8 h (week 7) or 30 weeks (week 37) after the last DMH administration in order to evaluate sub-acute colon toxicity outcomes or the burden of ACF, respectively. At week 7, Panx1 genetic ablation increased DMH-induced genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, malondialdehyde levels in the colon, and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in colonic crypts. Of note, at week 37, Panx1-/- animals showed an increase in aberrant crypts (AC), ACF mean number, and ACF multiplicity (AC per ACF) by 56%, 57% and 20%, respectively. In essence, our findings indicate that Panx1 genetic ablation promotes preneoplastic ACF development during chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis, and a protective role of Panx1 is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes Espírito Santo
- Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform – Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP‐LCQE)São Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform – Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP‐LCQE)São Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSão Paulo StateBrazil
- Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional BiologySão Paulo State University (UNESP)São Paulo StateBrazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform – Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP‐LCQE)São Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSão Paulo StateBrazil
- Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional BiologySão Paulo State University (UNESP)São Paulo StateBrazil
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Nakano S, Yamaji T, Shiraishi K, Hidaka A, Shimazu T, Kuchiba A, Saito M, Kunishima F, Nakaza R, Kohno T, Sawada N, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Iwasaki M. Smoking and risk of colorectal cancer according to KRAS and BRAF mutation status in a Japanese prospective Study. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:476-484. [PMID: 37352389 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for many types of cancer, evidence for colorectal cancer is equivocal in Asian populations. Recent Western studies have proposed that the association between smoking and colorectal cancer is restricted to specific tumor molecular subtypes. However, no studies have evaluated the association according to tumor molecular subtypes in Asian populations. In a Japanese prospective population-based cohort study of 18 773 participants, we collected tumor tissues from incident colorectal cancer cases and evaluated KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) and BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) mutation status using target sequencing. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of smoking with the risk of overall colorectal cancer and its subtypes defined by KRAS and BRAF mutation status. Among 339 cases, KRAS and BRAF mutations were identified in 164 (48.4%) and 16 (4.7%) cases, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted HR for ever smoking compared with never smoking was 1.24 [95% CI: 0.93-1.66], 1.75 [1.14-2.68], 0.87 [0.59-1.29], 1.24 [0.93-1.67] and 1.22 [0.38-3.93] for overall, KRAS wild-type, KRAS-mutated, BRAF wild-type and BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer, respectively. The statistically significant heterogeneity was indicated between KRAS mutation status (Pheterogeneity = 0.01) but not between BRAF mutation status. This study is the first to demonstrate that smokers have an approximately 2-fold higher risk of KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer than never smokers in an Asian population. Our findings support that smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, especially for its subtype without KRAS mutations, in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Biostatistical Research, Institute for Cancer Control/Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Akita, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kunishima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Okinawa Prefecture Chubu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryouji Nakaza
- Department of clinical laboratory, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cohort research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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Miao Z, Zhao X, Liu X. Exosomal circCOL1A2 from cancer cells accelerates colorectal cancer progression via regulating miR-665/LASP1 signal axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175722. [PMID: 37059374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to exert pivotal functions in cancer progression but are poorly understood in colorectal cancer (CRC). This work intends to investigate the effect and mechanism of a novel cirRNA (circCOL1A2) in CRC. Exosomes were identified via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to analyze the levels of genes and proteins. Proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected via cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU), and transwell experiments. RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to assess the binding between genes. Animal studies were carried out to evaluate the function of circCOL1A2 in vivo. We found that circCOL1A2 was highly expressed in CRC cells. And circCOL1A2 was packaged from cancerous cells into exosomes. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties were inhibited after the reduction of exosomal circCOL1A2. Mechanism studies proved the binding of miR-665 with circCOL1A2 or LASP1 Rescue experiments validated the reverse effects of miR-665 knockdown on circCOL1A2 silencing and LASP1 overexpression on miR-665. Animal studies further confirmed the oncogenic function of exosomal circCOL1A2 in CRC tumorigenesis. In conclusion, exosomal circCOL1A2 sponges miR-665 to enhance LASP1 expression and modulated CRC phenotypes. Thus, circCOL1A2 might be a valuable therapeutic target for CRC, offering novel insight into CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Miao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China; The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Li H, Chen X, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Associations of smoking with early- and late-onset colorectal cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:7033469. [PMID: 36759940 PMCID: PMC9940696 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in younger adults is increasing in many countries. Smoking is an established risk factor of CRC risk, but evidence on its impact on early-onset CRC (EOCRC) risk is limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of smoking exposure with EOCRC and compare it with late-onset CRC (LOCRC). METHODS Smoking history and other known or suspected CRC risk factors were ascertained in detail in personal interviews among 6264 CRC patients and 6866 controls (frequency matched for age, sex, and county of residence) who were recruited in 2003-2020 in the DACHS study (Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening [German]; Colorectal Cancer: Chances for Prevention Through Screening [English]), a population-based case-control study from Germany. Associations of smoking with EOCRC (<55 years, 724 cases, 787 controls) and LOCRC (≥55years, 5540 cases, 6079 controls) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Smoking exposure was much higher among EOCRC cases than among controls, and strong associations of smoking were observed for both EOCRC and LOCR. Adjusted odds ratios for EOCRC and LOCRC were as follows: current smoking: 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 2.04, P < .001) and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.28 to 1.67, P < .001); former smoking: 1.39 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.81, P = .01) and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13 to 1.36, P < .001); per 10 pack-years: 1.15 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.27, P < .001) and 1.05 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.08, P < .001). These patterns were similar for colon and rectum cancer and for early- and late-stage CRC. CONCLUSION Smoking is a strong risk factor for both EOCRC and LOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Li
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Correspondence to: Hermann Brenner, MD, MPH, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (e-mail: )
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Leopa N, Dumitru E, Dumitru A, Tocia C, Prazaru MD, Costea DO, Popescu RC. The Clinicopathological Differences of Colon Cancer in Young Adults Versus Older Adults. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2023; 12:123-127. [PMID: 35319280 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colon cancer is the third-most common and fatal cancer, with a mean age of onset >65 years. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of cases of colon cancer in young (CCY) patients. This study investigates the biological behavior and epidemiological features of CCY and older adults in our area. Methods: Eighty-one patients (19 young adults <40 years old and 62 older adults ≥40 years old) were admitted to the General Surgery Clinic of the Constanta Emergency Hospital for colon cancer between January and December 2018. The biological behavior and epidemiological characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: The group of young patients was characterized by finding the diagnosis on an average of 6-9 months after the onset of the first symptom, in a more advanced stage of the disease (73.69%); the onset of symptoms being nonspecific (diarrhea 26.32%, weight loss 21.05%, constipation 21.05%, and bloating 21.05%) and initially treated in a benign context, without the recommendation of additional specific explorations. The time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis established in the category of patients ≥40 years of age was on an average of 3-6 months, with most patients being diagnosed in the early stages of the disease (62.9%). Conclusions: Improving health education through colon cancer information programs should be implemented with information on alert symptoms and indications on the steps that a symptomatic patient should follow and no longer ignore his or her symptoms, because health is not necessarily the prerogative of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Leopa
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.,Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Andrei Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.,Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.,Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Marius Dragos Prazaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Razvan Catalin Popescu
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanta, Constanta, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
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Lipid Handling Protein Gene Expression in Colorectal Cancer: CD36 and Targeting miRNAs. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122127. [PMID: 36556492 PMCID: PMC9786157 DOI: 10.3390/life12122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of lipid metabolism has been highlighted in colorectal cancer (CRC) studies, suggesting a critical role for the scavenger receptor CD36 and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in this malignancy. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression levels of CD36, FASN, the cell surface glypican 4 (GPC4), and the two transporters SLC27A3 and SLC27A4 in 39 paired tumoral and peritumoral tissues from patients with CRC compared with 18 normal colonic mucosae. Moreover, the levels of seven miRNAs targeting CD36 and most of the analyzed genes were evaluated. We found a significant impairment of the expression of all the analyzed genes except GPC4 as well as the differential expression of miR-16-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-107, miR-195-5p, and miR-27a-3p in the colonic mucosa of CRC patients. Interestingly, CD36 and miR-27a-3p were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in tumoral tissues compared to peritumoral and control tissues, with a significant negative correlation in the group of patients developing lymph node metastasis. Our results sustain the relationship between CRC and fatty acid metabolism and emphasize the importance of related miRNAs in developing new therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Zessner-Spitzenberg J, Waldmann E, Jiricka L, Rockenbauer LM, Hinterberger A, Cook J, Asaturi A, Szymanska A, Majcher B, Trauner M, Ferlitsch M. Comparison of adenoma detection rate and proximal serrated polyp detection rate and their effect on post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer mortality in screening patients. Endoscopy 2022; 55:434-441. [PMID: 36482285 DOI: 10.1055/a-1974-9979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with serrated polyps are at increased risk for post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC); however, evidence for a dedicated serrated polyp detection rate is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the proximal serrated polyp detection rate (PSDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) with PCCRC death. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis within the Austrian quality assurance program for screening colonoscopy. Spearman's rank coefficient was calculated for the assessment of association between ADR and PSDR. Whether ADR or PSDR were associated with colorectal cancer mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS 229 /729 screening colonoscopies performed by 308 endoscopists were analyzed. The ADR (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 percentage point increase 0.98, 95 %CI 0.96-0.99) as well as the PSDR (HR per 1 percentage point increase 0.97, 95 %CI 0.94-0.99) were significantly associated with PCCRC death. The correlation coefficient of the ADR and PSDR calculated at every colonoscopy was 0.70 (95 %CI 0.70-0.71), and the corresponding PSDR value for an ADR performance standard of 25 % was 11.1 %. At the end of the study period, 86 endoscopists (27.9 %) reached an ADR of > 25 % and a PSDR of > 11.1 %. CONCLUSIONS The ADR as well as the PSDR were associated with PCCRC death. Striving for a high PSDR in addition to a high ADR might reduce the risk for PCCRC mortality in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Waldmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Jiricka
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Maria Rockenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Hinterberger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Asaturi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Szymanska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Majcher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ferlitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Quality Assurance Working Group, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Khoziainova S, Rozenberg G, Levy M. Ketogenic Diet and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Colorectal Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:1007-1011. [PMID: 36454261 PMCID: PMC10162116 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Although certain genetic predispositions may contribute to one's risk for developing CRC, dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role as well. In a recent study in Nature, Dmitrieva-Posocco et al, reveal a potential protective role of the ketogenic diet in colorectal cancer growth and progression. Administration of a ketogenic diet to CRC-bearing mice demonstrated a tumor-suppressive effect. Specifically, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exhibited the ability to suppress epithelial cell proliferation and inhibit tumor growth. BHB acts on cancer cells through regulation of homeodomain-only protein Hopx, known regulator of CRC. Furthermore, BHB requires a surface receptor Hcar to induce Hopx expression and suppress proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. Taken together, these results describe a new therapeutic approach of using dietary intervention for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Khoziainova
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Galina Rozenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Santo SGE, da Silva TC, Vinken M, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. The Implications of Connexin 43 Deficiency during the Early Stages of Chemically Induced Mouse Colon Carcinogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122368. [PMID: 36552579 PMCID: PMC9774636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), associated with an increased intake of processed red meats, saturated fats, and simple carbohydrates accompanied by low dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables consumption, presents a high epidemiological burden. Connexin43 (Cx43) protein, which forms gap junctions or hemichannels, has tumor suppressor or oncogenic activities in a cancer type- and stage-dependent manner. Cx43 expression varies during colon carcinogenesis, and its functional role is not fully understood. Thus, we evaluated the implications of Cx43 heterologous deletion (Cx43+/-) during the early stages of a chemically induced model of colon carcinogenesis. Female C57BL/6J mice (wild-type or Cx43+/-) were submitted to a colon carcinogenesis model induced by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Mice were euthanized eight hours (week 7) or 30 weeks (week 37) after the last DMH administration to evaluate subacute colon toxicity outcomes or the burden of (pre)neoplastic lesions, respectively. At week 7, Cx43 deficiency inferred no alterations in the DMH-induced increase in systemic (peripheral blood), in situ (colonocytes) DNA damage, and apoptosis in the colonocytes. At week 30, Cx43+/- mice presented an increase in preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) multiplicity, while no alterations were observed in colorectal adenoma (CRA) occurrence, multiplicity, volume, proliferation, growth, and β-catenin immunoexpression. Similarly, an in silico analysis of human CRA showed decreased mRNA expression of Cx43 with no correlation with proliferation, apoptosis, and β-catenin markers. These findings indicate the discrete role of Cx43 in the early stages of chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes Espírito Santo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1438800469
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14
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Toal TW, Estrada-Florez AP, Polanco-Echeverry GM, Sahasrabudhe RM, Lott PC, Suarez-Olaya JJ, Guevara-Tique AA, Rocha S, Morales-Arana A, Castro-Valencia F, Urayama S, Kirane A, Wei D, Rios-Sarabia N, Medrano R, Mantilla A, Echeverry de Polanco M, Torres J, Bohorquez-Lozano ME, Carvajal-Carmona LG. Multiregional Sequencing Analysis Reveals Extensive Genetic Heterogeneity in Gastric Tumors from Latinos. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1487-1496. [PMID: 36970058 PMCID: PMC10035402 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and health disparities in Latinos. We evaluated gastric intratumoral heterogeneity using multiregional sequencing of >700 cancer genes in 115 tumor biopsies from 32 patients, 29 who were Latinos. Analyses focused on comparisons with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and on mutation clonality, druggability, and signatures. We found that only approximately 30% of all mutations were clonal and that only 61% of the known TCGA gastric cancer drivers harbored clonal mutations. Multiple clonal mutations were found in new candidate gastric cancer drivers such as EYS, FAT4, PCDHA1, RAD50, EXO1, RECQL4, and FSIP2. The genomically stable (GS) molecular subtype, which has the worse prognosis, was identified in 48% of our Latino patients, a fraction that was >2.3-fold higher than in TCGA Asian and White patients. Only a third of all tumors harbored clonal pathogenic mutations in druggable genes, with most (93%) GS tumors lacking actionable clonal mutations. Mutation signature analyses revealed that, in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors, DNA repair mutations were common for both tumor initiation and progression, while tobacco, POLE, and inflammation signatures likely initiate carcinogenesis. MSS tumor progression was likely driven by aging- and aflatoxin-associated mutations, as these latter changes were usually nonclonal. In microsatellite-unstable tumors, nonclonal tobacco-associated mutations were common. Our study, therefore, contributed to advancing gastric cancer molecular diagnostics and suggests clonal status is important to understanding gastric tumorigenesis. Our findings of a higher frequency of a poor prognosis associated molecular subtype in Latinos and a possible new aflatoxin gastric cancer etiology also advance cancer disparities research. SIGNIFICANCE Our study contributes to advancing our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis, diagnostics, and cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Toal
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ana P. Estrada-Florez
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de las Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | | | - Paul C. Lott
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - John J. Suarez-Olaya
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de las Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Alix A. Guevara-Tique
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de las Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Sienna Rocha
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Fabian Castro-Valencia
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de las Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Shiro Urayama
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amanda Kirane
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Dongguang Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nora Rios-Sarabia
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad en Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Rafael Medrano
- Departamento de Sarcomas y Tubo Digestivo Alto, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad en Oncología Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), México City, México
| | - Alejandra Mantilla
- Departamento de Patología, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad en Oncología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), México City, México
| | | | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad en Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Mabel E. Bohorquez-Lozano
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de las Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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15
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Sleep pattern, healthy lifestyle and colorectal cancer incidence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18317. [PMID: 36316431 PMCID: PMC9622719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have identified an association between lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. This study examined the relationship between sleep patterns and CRC events. 392,252 individuals were sampled from the UK Biobank. Chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and excessive daytime sleepiness were combined to measure a healthy sleep score. A number of healthy sleep factors were defined, along with factors for healthy lifestyle scores. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, computed hazard ratios (HRs) were used to examine the associations between sleep patterns, healthy lifestyles, and the incidence of CRC. Healthy sleep scores were inversely associated with CRC events. The HRs for CRC were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88-0.92) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98) for a 1-point healthy sleep score increase among males and females. When analyzing sleep components, sleeping 7-8 h/day, no frequent insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent daytime sleepiness were independently associated with a 9%, 14%, 8%, and 14% lower risk of CRC, respectively, whilst healthy lifestyle scores were inversely associated with CRC incidence across all models. Sleep pattern and lifestyle are significantly correlated with CRC risk. The healthier the subject's lifestyle and sleep pattern, the lower their CRC risk.
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16
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Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis in health and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1371-1387. [PMID: 36156126 PMCID: PMC9527826 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which such risk is mediated remain poorly understood. Additionally, smoking can impact the oral, nasal, oropharyngeal, lung and gut microbiome composition, function, and secreted molecule repertoire. Microbiome changes induced by smoking can bear direct consequences on smoking-related illnesses. Moreover, smoking-associated dysbiosis may modulate weight gain development following smoking cessation. Here, we review the implications of cigarette smoking on microbiome community structure and function. In addition, we highlight the potential impacts of microbial dysbiosis on smoking-related diseases. We discuss challenges in studying host–microbiome interactions in the context of smoking, such as the correlations with smoking-related disease severity versus causation and mechanism. In all, understanding the microbiome’s role in the pathophysiology of smoking-related diseases may promote the development of rational therapies for smoking- and smoking cessation-related disorders, as well as assist in smoking abstinence.
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17
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Ding Q, Kong X, Zhong W, Liu W. Fecal biomarkers: Non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971930. [PMID: 36119474 PMCID: PMC9479095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world in terms of morbidity and mortality, which brings great health hazards and economic burdens to patients and society. A fecal examination is an effective method for clinical examination and the most commonly used method for the census. It is simple, non-invasive, and suitable for large-scale population screening. With the development of molecular biology, lots of efforts have been made to discover new fecal biomarkers for the early screening of colorectal cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent advances of fecal biomarkers for CRC screening or diagnosis, including DNA biomarkers, RNA biomarkers, protein biomarkers, gut microbes and volatile organic compounds focusing on their diagnostic evaluation for CRC, which can provide a basis for the further development of new and effective CRC fecal screening and early diagnosis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wentian Liu
- *Correspondence: Wentian Liu, ; Weilong Zhong,
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18
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Seshadri VD, Oyouni AAA, Bawazir WM, Alsagaby SA, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Al-Amer OM. Zingiberene exerts chemopreventive activity against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23146. [PMID: 35698847 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death in females, wherein increased mortality of breast cancer patients is recorded worldwide. Zingiberene is a monocyclic sesquiterpene from the ginger plant and has many pharmacological benefits. In this exploration, we assessed the anticancer actions of Zingiberene against the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-stimulated mammary carcinogenesis in rats and MDA-MB-231 cells. Breast cancer was induced in the Female Sprague-Dawley rats through the 25 mg/kg of DMBA in 0.5 ml of corn oil and then treated with 20 and 40 mg/kg of Zingiberene, respectively. The body weight of animals and tumor volume was measured. Hematological parameters, transaminases, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants status were scrutinized using standard techniques. The estrogen receptor-α and inflammatory markers were inspected by using respective assay kits. Histological damage scores were determined. In vitro experiments were conducted to scrutinize Zingiberene's effect on cell viability and apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. Zingiberene substantially modulated the DMBA-stimulated physiological and hematological changes and decreased the transaminases, and lipid peroxidation in the DMBA-stimulated animals. Zingiberene also elevated the antioxidant level and suppressed the inflammatory markers. Histological study revealed the protective effects of Zingiberene. The viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was noticeably diminished by the Zingiberene, thus inducing apoptotic cell death. Overall, our findings reliably proved the anticancer potential of Zingiberene against the DMBA-stimulated mammary tumorigenesis, and it could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Bawazir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Al-Amer
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Paul S, Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Ambriz-Gonzalez H, Medina-Gomez D, Valenzuela-Coronado E, Moreno-Gomez P, Pathak S, Chakraborty S, Srivastava A. Impact of smoking-induced dysregulated human miRNAs in chronic disease development and their potential use in prognostic and therapeutic purposes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23134. [PMID: 35695328 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved small noncoding RNA molecules with a significant ability to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level either through translation repression or messenger RNA degradation. miRNAs are differentially expressed in various pathophysiological conditions, affecting the course of the disease by modulating several critical target genes. As the persistence of irreversible molecular changes caused by cigarette smoking is central to the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, several studies have shown its direct correlation with the dysregulation of different miRNAs, affecting numerous essential biological processes. This review provides an insight into the current status of smoking-induced miRNAs dysregulation in chronic diseases such as COPD, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and different cancers and explores the diagnostic/prognostic potential of miRNA-based biomarkers and their efficacy as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luis M Ruiz-Manriquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Hector Ambriz-Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Daniel Medina-Gomez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Estefania Valenzuela-Coronado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paloma Moreno-Gomez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Scherübl H. Tobacco Smoking and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Visc Med 2022; 38:217-222. [PMID: 35814979 PMCID: PMC9209969 DOI: 10.1159/000523668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking tobacco is the most preventable cause of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer disease in Germany. The more and the longer you smoke, the higher your risk of GI cancer. About 28% of 18-64 year-old Germans are current smokers; in addition, 11% of the population is regularly exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. SUMMARY Tobacco use is causally associated with esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, hepatocellular, colorectal, and anal cancers. Combining smoking with alcohol use, excess body weight, diabetes, or chronic infections synergistically enhances GI cancer risk. Smoking cessation effectively reduces tobacco-associated GI cancer risk. KEY MESSAGES Smokers should be encouraged to stop smoking tobacco and join programs of risk-adaptive cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Scherübl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastroenterologie, GI Onkologie, Diabetologie und Infektiologie, Klinikum Am Urban, Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Katsaounou K, Nicolaou E, Vogazianos P, Brown C, Stavrou M, Teloni S, Hatzis P, Agapiou A, Fragkou E, Tsiaoussis G, Potamitis G, Zaravinos A, Andreou C, Antoniades A, Shiammas C, Apidianakis Y. Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060499. [PMID: 35736432 PMCID: PMC9229931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Katsaounou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Paris Vogazianos
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Savvas Teloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Dong J, Qian Y, Zhang G, Lu L, Zhang S, Ji G, Zhao A, Xu H. Can Natural Products be Used to Overcome the Limitations of Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy? Front Oncol 2022; 12:884423. [PMID: 35600371 PMCID: PMC9114697 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.884423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer of the digestive system that endangers human health. Immunotherapy is widely used in the treatment of patients with cancer. Some patients with dMMR/MSI-H CRC benefit from treatments that use immune checkpoint inhibitors, but most CRC patients are not sensitive to immunotherapy. Furthermore, internal resistance and immune escape lead to a reduced immunotherapy response. Therefore, the development of an effective combination therapy to improve the response rate to immunotherapy is a goal of cancer research. Natural products are potential candidates for comprehensive cancer treatments due to their wide range of immunomodulatory effects through multifactorial underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the challenges in the treatment of CRC and assess the immunomodulatory effects of natural products and their active components. Our work suggests that natural products represent potential options for combined CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Dong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Qian
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Crockett SD, Barry EL, Mott LA, Snover DC, Wallace K, Baron JA. Predictors of Incident Serrated Polyps: Results from a Large Multicenter Clinical Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1058-1067. [PMID: 35506244 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serrated polyps (SP) are important colorectal cancer precursors, yet their epidemiology is incompletely understood. We measured risk factors for incident sessile-serrated lesions (SSL) and microvesicular (MVHP) and goblet-cell rich (GCHP) hyperplastic polyp subtypes. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of patients undergoing colonoscopic surveillance nested within a chemoprevention trial. Outcomes of interest were ≥1 SPs, including SSLs, MVHPs, and GCHPs specifically. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different polyp types. RESULTS Among 2,102 participants, a total of 1,615 SPs (including 212 SSLs) were found among 758 participants during follow-up. Prior history of SPs was strongly associated with subsequent occurrence of SPs. There was no apparent association between age, sex, or education and risk of SPs. Black participants were at lower risk of SSLs and MVHPs, but higher risk of GCHPs compared with white participants [RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16-0.99); RR, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42-0.96); and RR, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.23-2.72) respectively]. Alcohol and smoking exposure were also associated with SPs, including hyperplastic polyp subtypes in particular. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, the risk of SP subtypes differed by race, alcohol, and smoking status, and prior history of SPs. Risk factor associations for SPs differ from risk factors for conventional adenomas, supporting the concept of etiologic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer. IMPACT These findings allow for better risk stratification of patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening and could inform screening test selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Crockett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel Dartmouth School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Leila A Mott
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel Dartmouth School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Dale C Snover
- University of Minnesota (Retired), Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John A Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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24
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Syed Soffian SS, Mohammed Nawi A, Hod R, Abdul Manaf MR, Chan HK, Abu Hassan MR. Disparities in Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Average-Risk Individuals: An Ecobiosocial Approach. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1025-1043. [PMID: 35599752 PMCID: PMC9115807 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s359450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the high global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC), the uptake of CRC screening varies across countries. This systematic review aimed to provide a picture of the disparities in recommendations for CRC screening in average-risk individuals using an ecobiosocial approach. It was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was conducted through Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOHost. Full-text guidelines which were published between 2011 and 2021, along with guidelines which provided recommendations on CRC screening in average-risk individuals, were included in the review. However, guidelines focusing only on a single screening modality were excluded. Fourteen guidelines fulfilling the eligibility criteria were retained for the final review and analysis. Quality assessment of each guideline was performed using the AGREE II instrument. Disparities in guidelines identified in this review were classified into ecological (screening modalities and strategies), biological (recommended age, gender and ethnicities), and social (smoking history, socioeconomic status, and behavior) factors. In general, unstandardized practices in CRC screening for average-risk individuals are likely attributable to the inconsistent and non-specific recommendations in the literature. This review calls on stakeholders and policymakers to review the existing colorectal cancer screening practices and pursue standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia, Tel +60 3 9145 8408, Email
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Center, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, 05400, Kedah, Malaysia
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25
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Li J, You L, Xu Z, Bai H, Fei X, Yang J, Li Q, Qian S, Lin S, Tang M, Wang J, Chen K, Jin M. Healthy lifestyle and the risk of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: Findings from a large colonoscopy screening population. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:67-76. [PMID: 35191524 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the link between healthy lifestyle and colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors is limited. Our study aimed to examine and compare the associations of healthy lifestyle with CRC precursors in adenoma (AD) -carcinoma and serrated pathways. A total of 24,480 participants including 6,309 ADs, 1,343 serrated polyps (SPs), and 16,828 polyp-free controls were included. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on five lifestyle factors including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet, and body weight, and categorized into least, slightly, moderately, and most healthy. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse dose-response associations between the HLS and risk of ADs were observed (OR per 1 score increment for ADs: 0.82 [95% CI 0.79 - 0.84]; for SPs: 0.73 [95% CI 0.69 - 0.78]), and the association with SPs was more evident than with ADs (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85 - 0.96). Compared with participants with the least healthy lifestyle, those with the most healthy lifestyle had 47% lower risk of ADs (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.47 - 0.59) and 70% lower risk of SPs (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23 - 0.39), respectively. These inverse associations were consistent across lesion stage and anatomic subsite and not modified by any stratification factors. The risk advancement periods for the most vs. the least healthy lifestyle were -9.49 years for ADs and -20.69 years for SPs. Our findings help confirm the preventive role of healthy lifestyle in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing You
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenghao Xu
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Fei
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiashan, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiashan, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiashan, China
| | - Sangni Qian
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ugai T, Väyrynen JP, Haruki K, Akimoto N, Lau MC, Zhong R, Kishikawa J, Väyrynen SA, Zhao M, Fujiyoshi K, Dias Costa A, Borowsky J, Arima K, Guerriero JL, Fuchs CS, Zhang X, Song M, Wang M, Giannakis M, Meyerhardt JA, Nowak JA, Ogino S. Smoking and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer Subclassified by Tumor-Associated Macrophage Infiltrates. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:68-77. [PMID: 34264325 PMCID: PMC8755510 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological evidence indicates that smoking can influence macrophage functions and polarization, thereby promoting tumor evolution. We hypothesized that the association of smoking with colorectal cancer incidence might differ by macrophage infiltrates. METHODS Using the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we examined the association of smoking with incidence of colorectal cancer subclassified by macrophage counts. Multiplexed immunofluorescence (for CD68, CD86, IRF5, MAF, and MRC1 [CD206]) combined with digital image analysis and machine learning was used to identify overall, M1-polarized, and M2-polarized macrophages in tumor. We used inverse-probability-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to control for potential confounders and selection bias because of tissue data availability. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS During follow-up of 131 144 participants (3 648 370 person-years), we documented 3092 incident colorectal cancer cases, including 871 cases with available macrophage data. The association of pack-years smoked with colorectal cancer incidence differed by stromal macrophage densities (Pheterogeneity = .003). Compared with never smoking, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for tumors with low macrophage densities were 1.32 (0.97 to 1.79) for 1-19 pack-years, 1.31 (0.92 to 1.85) for 20-39 pack-years, and 1.74 (1.26 to 2.41) for 40 or more pack-years (Ptrend = .004). In contrast, pack-years smoked was not statistically significantly associated with the incidence of tumors having intermediate or high macrophage densities (Ptrend > .009, with an α level of .005). No statistically significant differential association was found for colorectal cancer subclassified by M1-like or M2-like macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The association of smoking with colorectal cancer incidence is stronger for tumors with lower stromal macrophage counts. Our findings suggest an interplay of smoking and macrophages in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rong Zhong
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junko Kishikawa
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara A Väyrynen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Zhao
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Borowsky
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kota Arima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Shuji Ogino, MD, PhD, MS, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, EBRC Rm 404A, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
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Rahman ST, Pandeya N, Neale RE, McLeod DSA, Baade PD, Youl PH, Allison R, Leonard S, Jordan SJ. Tobacco smoking and risk of thyroid cancer according to BRAF V600E mutational subtypes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:891-900. [PMID: 34170568 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking has been associated with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer, but whether the association varies between higher- and lower-risk cancers remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between smoking and risk of thyroid cancer overall as well as by tumour BRAF mutational status as a marker of potentially higher-risk cancer. DESIGN AND PATIENTS We recruited 1013 people diagnosed with thyroid cancer and 1057 population controls frequency-matched on age and sex. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association overall and in analyses stratified by tumour characteristics. We used sensitivity analysis to assess the potential for selection bias. RESULTS We found little evidence of an association with current smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-1.26; current vs. never smoking), but a higher number of pack-years of smoking was associated with a lower risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57-0.99; ≥20 pack-years vs. never). However, after correcting for potential selection bias, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between current smoking and risk of thyroid cancer (bias-corrected OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51-0.83). Those with BRAF-positive cancers were less likely to be current smokers than those with BRAF-negative cancers (prevalence ratio: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62-0.99). CONCLUSION We found smoking was inversely related to thyroid cancer risk and, in particular, current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of potentially more aggressive BRAF-positive than the likely more indolent BRAF-negative papillary thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir T Rahman
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philippa H Youl
- Cancer Alliance Queensland, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roger Allison
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Leonard
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan J Jordan
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lushnikova A, Bohr J, Wickbom A, Münch A, Sjöberg K, Hultgren O, Wirén A, Hultgren Hörnquist E. Patients With Microscopic Colitis Have Altered Levels of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Biomarkers in Colon Biopsies and Sera Compared to Non-inflamed Controls. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:727412. [PMID: 34722568 PMCID: PMC8555710 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.727412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory bowel condition with two subtypes, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Unlike patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and non-inflamed individuals, MC patients have reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer, possibly due to increased immune surveillance in MC patients. Aim: To examine differences in levels of immunomodulatory molecules, including those involved in immune checkpoint mechanisms, in sera from patients with MC and in colonic biopsies from patients with MC and UC compared with controls. Methods: Using Luminex, 23 analytes (4-1BB, 4-1BBL, APRIL, BAFF, BTLA, CD27, CD28, CD80, CTLA-4, E-cadherin, Galectin-3, GITR, HVEM, IDO, IL-2Rα, LAG-3, MICA, MICB, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, sCD40L and TIM-3) were studied in serum from patients with active MC (n = 35) and controls (n = 23), and in colonic biopsies from patients with active LC (n = 9), active CC (n = 16) and MC in histological remission (LC n = 6, CC n = 6), active UC (n = 15) and UC in remission (n = 12) and controls (n = 58). Results: In serum, IDO, PD-1, TIM-3, 4-1BB, CD27, and CD80 were decreased whereas 4-1BBL and IL-2Rα were increased in MC patients compared with controls. In contrast, in biopsies, levels of PD-L2 and 4-1BB were increased in MC and UC patients with active disease. Furthermore, in biopsies from CC and UC but not LC patients with active disease, CTLA-4, PD-1, APRIL, BAFF, and IL-2Rα were increased compared with controls. PD-L1 was increased in CC but not UC or LC patients. CD27 and TIM-3 were decreased in biopsies from MC patients in comparison to controls whereas levels of MICB were decreased in patients with active UC compared with controls. Conclusions: Compared with non-inflamed controls, levels of soluble and membrane-bound immunomodulatory molecules were systemically and locally altered in MC and UC patients, with most analytes being decreased in serum but enhanced in colonic biopsies. These findings contribute to knowledge about checkpoint molecules and their role as biomarkers in MC and may also contribute to knowledge about possible mechanisms behind the seemingly protective effects of MC against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Bohr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Wickbom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andreas Münch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Department of Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olof Hultgren
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Wirén
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying risk of colorectal cancer from smoking and red/processed meat carcinogens by modeling exposure in normal colon organoids. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1863-1877. [PMID: 34548904 PMCID: PMC8448508 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and red/processed meats are well-known risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Most research has focused on studies of normal colon biopsies in epidemiologic studies or treatment of CRC cell lines in vitro. These studies are often constrained by challenges with accuracy of self-report data or, in the case of CRC cell lines, small sample sizes and lack of relationship to normal tissue at risk. In an attempt to address some of these limitations, we performed a 24-hour treatment of a representative carcinogens cocktail in 37 independent organoid lines derived from normal colon biopsies. Machine learning algorithms were applied to bulk RNA-sequencing and revealed cellular composition changes in colon organoids. We identified 738 differentially expressed genes in response to carcinogens exposure. Network analysis identified significantly different modules of co-expression, that included genes related to MSI-H tumor biology, and genes previously implicated in CRC through genome-wide association studies. Our study helps to better define the molecular effects of representative carcinogens from smoking and red/processed meat in normal colon epithelial cells and in the etiology of the MSI-H subtype of CRC, and suggests an overlap between molecular mechanisms involved in inherited and environmental CRC risk.
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Noothalapati H, Iwasaki K, Yamamoto T. Non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer by Raman spectroscopy: Recent developments in liquid biopsy and endoscopy approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119818. [PMID: 33957445 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed globally and is also one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in both men and women. The progression of CRC is slow and is often contained in colon but the risk increases with age. Based on the high certainty that the net benefit of screening in an age group is substantial, screening for CRC is recommended beginning at the age of 50. Currently, most of the incidence is concentrated in developed countries but the rate is increasing rapidly in developing geographies. Detecting CRC at an early stage is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality. Colonoscopy is the most preferred screening method but not very widely implemented due to practical considerations such as cost involved, lack of personnel and facility. To address these concerns, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been suggested as a viable alternative due to its potential as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic tool. Recently, several studies have been reported but many variations of RS applications in CRC exists and are not well understood by non-specialists. This review focuses particularly on developments of Raman based liquid biopsy and endoscopic studies in order to throw light on each of their significance and limitations. Necessary developments in the future to translate RS into a clinical tool for screening and diagnosis of CRC are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Research Administration Office, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
| | - Keita Iwasaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yamamoto
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
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Wang X, Amitay E, Harrison TA, Banbury BL, Berndt SI, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Cao Y, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Gallinger SJ, Giannakis M, Giles GG, Gunter MJ, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Lin Y, Moreno V, Nishihara R, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Phipps AI, Sakoda LC, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Song M, Sun W, Thibodeau SN, Toland AE, Van Guelpen B, Woods MO, Hsu L, Hoffmeister M, Peters U. Association Between Smoking and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab056. [PMID: 34377935 PMCID: PMC8346704 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Previous studies suggested this association may be restricted to certain molecular subtypes of CRC, but large-scale comprehensive analysis is lacking. Methods A total of 9789 CRC cases and 11 231 controls of European ancestry from 11 observational studies were included. We harmonized smoking variables across studies and derived sex study-specific quartiles of pack-years of smoking for analysis. Four somatic colorectal tumor markers were assessed individually and in combination, including BRAF mutation, KRAS mutation, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between smoking and risk of CRC subtypes by molecular characteristics, adjusting for age, sex, and study. All statistical tests were 2-sided and adjusted for Bonferroni correction. Results Heavier smoking was associated with higher risk of CRC overall and stratified by individual markers (P trend < .001). The associations differed statistically significantly between all molecular subtypes, which was the most statistically significant for CIMP and BRAF. Compared with never-smokers, smokers in the fourth quartile of pack-years had a 90% higher risk of CIMP-positive CRC (odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval = 1.60 to 2.26) but only 35% higher risk for CIMP-negative CRC (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.22 to 1.49; P difference = 2.1 x 10-6). The association was also stronger in tumors that were CIMP positive, MSI high, or KRAS wild type when combined (P difference < .001). Conclusion Smoking was associated with differential risk of CRC subtypes defined by molecular characteristics. Heavier smokers had particularly higher risk of CRC subtypes that were CIMP positive and MSI high in combination, suggesting that smoking may be involved in the development of colorectal tumors via the serrated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Efrat Amitay
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara L Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genetic Tumour Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Nevo D, Ogino S, Wang M. Reflection on modern methods: causal inference considerations for heterogeneous disease etiology. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1030-1037. [PMID: 33484125 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology research provides information about pathogenic mechanisms. A common study goal is to evaluate whether the effects of risk factors on disease incidence vary between different disease subtypes. A popular approach to carrying out this type of research is to implement a multinomial regression in which each of the non-zero values corresponds to a bona fide disease subtype. Then, heterogeneity in the exposure effects across subtypes is examined by comparing the coefficients of the exposure between the different subtypes. In this paper, we explain why this common method potentially cannot recover causal effects, even when all confounders are measured, due to a particular type of selection bias. This bias can be explained by recognizing that the multinomial regression is equivalent to a series of logistic regressions; each compares cases of a certain subtype to the controls. We further explain how this bias arises using directed acyclic graphs and we demonstrate the potential magnitude of the bias by analysis of a hypothetical data set and by a simulation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nevo
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Dai J, Nishi A, Tran N, Yamamoto Y, Dewey G, Ugai T, Ogino S. Revisiting social MPE: an integration of molecular pathological epidemiology and social science in the new era of precision medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:869-886. [PMID: 34253130 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1952073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary area examining the relationships between various exposures and pathogenic signatures of diseases. In line with the accelerating advancements in MPE, social science and its health-related interdisciplinary areas have also developed rapidly. Accumulating evidence indicates the pathological role of social-demographic factors. We therefore initially proposed social MPE in 2015, which aims to elucidate etiological roles of social-demographic factors and address health inequalities globally. With the ubiquity of molecular diagnosis, there are ample opportunities for researchers to utilize and develop the social MPE framework. AREAS COVERED Molecular subtypes of breast cancer have been investigated rigorously for understanding its etiologies rooted from social factors. Emerging evidence indicates pathogenic heterogeneity of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Presenting specific patterns of social-demographic factors across different molecular subtypes should be promising for advancing the screening, prevention, and treatment strategies of those heterogeneous diseases. This article rigorously reviewed literatures investigating differences of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status across molecular subtypes of breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease to date. EXPERT OPINION With advancements of the multi-omics technologies, we foresee a blooming of social MPE studies, which can address health disparities, advance personalized molecular medicine, and enhance public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Akihiro Nishi
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States.,California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA United States
| | - Nathan Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yasumasa Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - George Dewey
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Chen HY, Sun ZJ, Li CH, Chou YT, Chang CJ, Lu FH, Yang YC, Wu JS. Cumulative tea consumption is inversely associated with colorectal adenomas in adults: A cross-sectional study in a Taiwanese population. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101945. [PMID: 33964740 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the association between cumulative tea consumption over time and various colorectal adenomas as well as their pathology, number, and size. METHODS 7355 eligible subjects who underwent health check-ups with colonoscopies were recruited. They were classified into three groups: polyp-free, having low-risk colorectal adenomas, and having high-risk colorectal adenomas. The adenoma pathology, number, and size were collected. We defined 120 mL for each Chinese traditional teapot as a 'cup', and calculated the average daily cups of tea consumed. A 'cup-year' was defined as the daily cups multiplied by the years of tea consumption and was used to express the cumulative amount of tea consumption over time. RESULTS Compared to those with no habitual tea consumption, the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles of tea consumption were found to be inversely related to low-risk colorectal adenomas. For high-risk colorectal adenomas, a negative association was found only in the group with the highest tertile of tea consumption. An inverse association between the highest tertile of tea consumption and various features of high-risk colorectal adenomas was also found for villous-rich adenomas and the presence of three or more adenomas, but was not found to be related to adenoma size ≥1 cm. CONCLUSION Tea drinking was inversely associated with both low-risk and high-risk colorectal adenomas. Only a larger cumulative dose of ≥42 cup-years was negatively associated with high-risk colorectal adenomas, especially adenomas with villous-rich pathology and when three or more adenomas were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Sun
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hwa Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chen Y, Wang Q, Cao L, Tang Y, Yao M, Bi H, Huang Y, Sun G, Song J. Nicotine-derived NNK induces the stemness enrichment of CRC cells through regulating the balance of DUSP4-ERK1/2 feedback loop. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112057. [PMID: 33662786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been considered as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. In this study, we found that cigarette smoking was significantly associated with poor CRC differentiation (P = 0.040). Since studies have indicated that poorly differentiated tumors are more aggressive and metastasize earlier, leading to poorer prognosis; and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for tumor differentiation state, here we observed that the exposure of nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) promoted cell sphere formation and the expression of the stem cell markers, CD44, OCT4, C-MYC and NANOG in HCT8 and DLD-1 cells. Further colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay and tumor-bearing experiment showed that NNK exposure significantly increased the proliferative and growth ability of CRC cells. In mechanism, we found that NNK-activated ERK1/2 played an important role in enrichment of CRC stem cells and the up-regulation of DUSP4, a major negative regulator of ERK1/2. Moreover, DUSP4 up-regulation was essential for maintaining NNK-activated ERK1/2 in an appropriate level, which was an required event for NNK-induced stemness enrichment of CRC cells. Taken together, our findings provided a possible mechanistic insight into cigarette smoking-induced CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qinzhi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Cao
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China; Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 221002 Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meixue Yao
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoran Bi
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yefei Huang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guixiang Sun
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Song
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221002 Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Association between risk factors, molecular features and CpG island methylator phenotype colorectal cancer among different age groups in a Taiwanese cohort. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:48-54. [PMID: 33846524 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) represents a carcinogenesis pathway of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the association between CIMP CRC, molecular features and risk factors in East Asian population is less studied. METHODS We prospectively enrolled newly diagnosed CRC patients at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Clinicopathological data and risk factors for CRC were collected during interview. The tumour samples were subjected to CIMP, RAS/BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability tests. CIMP-high was determined when ≧3 methylated loci of p16, MINT1, MINT2, MINT31 and MLH1 were identified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between risk factors and CIMP-high CRC. RESULTS Compared with CIMP-low/negative CRC, CIMP-high CRC was associated with more stage IV disease, BRAF V600E mutation and high body mass index (BMI ≧ 27.5 kg/m2) in younger patients (age < 50 y), and more right-sided tumour, BRAF V600E mutation, MSI-high and colorectal polyp in elder patients (age ≧ 50 y). Multivariate analyses showed that BMI ≧27.5 kg/m2 was significantly associated with CIMP-high CRC in younger patients. CONCLUSIONS We identified distinct clinicopathological features for CIMP-high CRC among different age groups in Taiwan. Our data suggest the association between BMI ≧27.5 kg/m2 and CIMP-high CRC in patients younger than 50 years.
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Jordan SE, Saad H, Covarrubias AS, Siemon J, Pearson JM, Slomovitz BM, Huang M, Pinto A, Schlumbrecht M, George SH. mRNA expression in low grade serous ovarian cancer: Results of a nanoString assay in a diverse population. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:554-562. [PMID: 32951896 PMCID: PMC8054444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the MAP kinase pathway (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) are common in low grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC). The effect of these and other mutations on RNA transcription in this disease is poorly understood. Our objective was to describe patterns of somatic mutations and gene transcription in a racially diverse population with LGSOC. METHODS Utilizing an institutional tumor registry, patients with LGSOC were identified and charts were reviewed. RNA was extracted from available tumor tissue. Commercial tumor profiling results were analyzed with PanCancer pathway nanoString mRNA expression data. Along with nanoString n-Solver software, Chi-squared, Fishers Exact, and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 39 patients were identified-20% Black, 43% Hispanic, and 36% non-Hispanic White. 18 patients had commercial somatic DNA test results, and 23 had available tumor tissue for RNA extraction and nanoString analysis. The most common somatic alterations identified was KRAS (11 patients, 61%), followed by ERCC1 and TUBB3 (9 each, 50%). KRAS mutations were less common in smokers (14.3% vs 90.9%, p = 0.002). RNA expression analysis demonstrated a greater than two-fold decrease in expression of HRAS in tumors from older patients (p = 0.04), and a greater than two-fold decrease in the expression of HRAS in recurrent tumors (p = 0.007). No significant differences were seen in somatic testing results, RNA expression analysis, or progression free survival between different racial and ethnic cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Somatic deficiencies in ERCC1, TUBB3, and KRAS are common in LGSOC in a population of minority patients. HRAS demonstrates decreased expression in tumors from older patients and recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Jordan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA
| | - Heba Saad
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, USA
| | - Alex Sanchez Covarrubias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA
| | - John Siemon
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA
| | - J Matt Pearson
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA
| | - Brian M Slomovitz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA; Dr. Slomovitz present affiliation: Broward Health, Florida International University Wertheim College Of Medicine, USA
| | - Marilyn Huang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA
| | - Andre Pinto
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, USA
| | - Matthew Schlumbrecht
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA
| | - Sophia Hl George
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, USA.
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41
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Hidaka A, Harrison TA, Cao Y, Sakoda LC, Barfield R, Giannakis M, Song M, Phipps AI, Figueiredo JC, Zaidi SH, Toland AE, Amitay EL, Berndt SI, Borozan I, Chan AT, Gallinger S, Gunter MJ, Guinter MA, Harlid S, Hampel H, Jenkins MA, Lin Y, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Nishihara R, Ogino S, Obón-Santacana M, Parfrey PS, Potter JD, Slattery ML, Steinfelder RS, Um CY, Wang X, Woods MO, Van Guelpen B, Thibodeau SN, Hoffmeister M, Sun W, Hsu L, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Peters U. Intake of Dietary Fruit, Vegetables, and Fiber and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Molecular Subtypes: A Pooled Analysis of 9 Studies. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4578-4590. [PMID: 32816852 PMCID: PMC7572895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protective associations of fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake with colorectal cancer risk have been shown in many, but not all epidemiologic studies. One possible reason for study heterogeneity is that dietary factors may have distinct effects by colorectal cancer molecular subtypes. Here, we investigate the association of fruit, vegetables, and fiber intake with four well-established colorectal cancer molecular subtypes separately and in combination. Nine observational studies including 9,592 cases with molecular subtypes for microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and somatic mutations in BRAF and KRAS genes, and 7,869 controls were analyzed. Both case-only logistic regression analyses and polytomous logistic regression analyses (with one control set and multiple case groups) were used. Higher fruit intake was associated with a trend toward decreased risk of BRAF-mutated tumors [OR 4th vs. 1st quartile = 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.04)] but not BRAF-wildtype tumors [1.09 (0.97-1.22); P difference as shown in case-only analysis = 0.02]. This difference was observed in case-control studies and not in cohort studies. Compared with controls, higher fiber intake showed negative association with colorectal cancer risk for cases with microsatellite stable/MSI-low, CIMP-negative, BRAF-wildtype, and KRAS-wildtype tumors (P trend range from 0.03 to 3.4e-03), which is consistent with the traditional adenoma-colorectal cancer pathway. These negative associations were stronger compared with MSI-high, CIMP-positive, BRAF-mutated, or KRAS-mutated tumors, but the differences were not statistically significant. These inverse associations for fruit and fiber intake may explain, in part, inconsistent findings between fruit or fiber intake and colorectal cancer risk that have previously been reported. SIGNIFICANCE: These analyses by colorectal cancer molecular subtypes potentially explain the inconsistent findings between dietary fruit or fiber intake and overall colorectal cancer risk that have previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Hidaka
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Richard Barfield
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Syed H Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Efrat L Amitay
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ivan Borozan
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Mark A Guinter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Heather Hampel
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert S Steinfelder
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, Canada
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Sun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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42
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Yu MR, Kim HJ, Park HR. Fusobacterium nucleatum Accelerates the Progression of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Promoting EMT. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102728. [PMID: 32977534 PMCID: PMC7598280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) are associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). And Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), a major pathogen involved in chronic periodontitis, may play an important role in CRC progression. Though the importance of F. nucleatum in CRC has attracted attention, its exact role and related mechanism in CAC progression remain unclear. We investigated the effects of F. nucleatum in both in vitro and in vivo colitis models induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a well-known colitis-inducing chemical, on the aggressiveness of CAC and its related mechanism. This study showed that F. nucleatum accelerates the progression of CAC cancer by promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study provides a novel mechanism involved F. nucleatum in the development of colitis-associated CRC. Abstract Recently, it has been reported that Fusobacterium nucleatum, a major pathogen involved in chronic periodontitis, may play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In addition, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent major predisposing conditions for the development of CRC, and this subtype of cancer is called colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Although the importance of F. nucleatum in CRC has attracted attention, its exact role and related mechanism in CAC progression remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of F. nucleatum in experimental colitis induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), which is a well-known colitis-inducing chemical, on the aggressiveness of CAC and its related mechanism in both in vitro and in vivo models. F. nucleatum synergistically increased the aggressiveness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics of CRC cells that were treated with DSS compared to those in non-treated CRC cells. The role of F. nucleatum in CAC progression was further confirmed in mouse models, as F. nucleatum was found to significantly increase the malignancy of azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colon cancer. This promoting effect of F. nucleatum was based on activation of the EGFR signaling pathways, including protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition significantly reduced the F. nucleatum-induced EMT alteration. In conclusion, F. nucleatum accelerates the progression of CAC by promoting EMT through the EGFR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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