1
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Bai R, Cui J. Regulation of fatty acid synthase on tumor and progress in the development of related therapies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1894-1902. [PMID: 38273440 PMCID: PMC11332710 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an essential molecule in lipid metabolic pathways, which are crucial for cancer-related studies. Recent studies have focused on a comprehensive understanding of the novel and important regulatory effects of FASN on malignant biological behavior and immune-cell infiltration, which are closely related to tumor occurrence and development, immune escape, and immune response. FASN-targeting antitumor treatment strategies are being developed. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the effects of FASN on tumor and immune-cell infiltration and reviewed the progress of related anti-tumor therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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2
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Calubag MF, Robbins PD, Lamming DW. A nutrigeroscience approach: Dietary macronutrients and cellular senescence. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00327-9. [PMID: 39178854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process in which a cell exits the cell cycle in response to stressors, is one of the hallmarks of aging. Senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-a heterogeneous set of secreted factors that disrupt tissue homeostasis and promote the accumulation of senescent cells-reprogram metabolism and can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Dietary interventions have long been studied as methods to combat age-associated metabolic dysfunction, promote health, and increase lifespan. A growing body of literature suggests that senescence is responsive to diet, both to calories and specific dietary macronutrients, and that the metabolic benefits of dietary interventions may arise in part through reducing senescence. Here, we review what is currently known about dietary macronutrients' effect on senescence and the SASP, the nutrient-responsive molecular mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and the potential for these findings to inform the development of a nutrigeroscience approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah F Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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3
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Kim Y, Jang Y, Kim MS, Kang C. Metabolic remodeling in cancer and senescence and its therapeutic implications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:732-744. [PMID: 38453603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a flexible and plastic network that often dictates physiological and pathological states of the cell, including differentiation, cancer, and aging. Recent advances in cancer metabolism represent a tremendous opportunity to treat cancer by targeting its altered metabolism. Interestingly, despite their stable growth arrest, senescent cells - a critical component of the aging process - undergo metabolic changes similar to cancer metabolism. A deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between these disparate pathological conditions will help identify which metabolic reprogramming is most relevant to the therapeutic liabilities of senescence. Here, we compare and contrast cancer and senescence metabolism and discuss how metabolic therapies can be established as a new modality of senotherapy for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeji Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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4
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Wang S, Wang R, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Luo Y, Yuan C. Long noncoding RNA AI504432 upregulates FASN expression by sponging miR-1a-3p to promote lipogenesis in senescent adipocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111232. [PMID: 38763183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Aging affects lipid metabolism and can cause obesity as it is closely related to the disorder of many lipogenic regulatory factors. LncRNAs have been recognized as pivotal regulators across diverse biological processes, but their effects on lipogenesis in aging remain to be further studied. In this work, using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we found that the expression of lncRNA AI504432 was significantly upregulated in the eWAT (epididymal white adipose tissue) of aging mice, and the knockdown of AI504432 notably reduced the expression of several adipogenic genes (e.g., Cebp/α, Srebp-1c, Fasn, Acaca, and Scd1) in senescent adipocytes. The bioinformatics investigation revealed that AI504432 possessed a binding site for miR-1a-3p, and the discovery was verified by the luciferase reporter assay. The expression of Fasn was increased upon the inhibition of miR-1a-3p but restored upon the simultaneous silencing of AI504432. Taken together, our results suggested that AI504432 controlled lipogenesis through the miR-1a-3p/Fasn signaling pathway. The findings may inspire new therapeutic approaches to target imbalanced lipid homeostasis due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yiyang Luo
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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5
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Zeng Q, Gong Y, Zhu N, Shi Y, Zhang C, Qin L. Lipids and lipid metabolism in cellular senescence: Emerging targets for age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102294. [PMID: 38583577 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a kind of cellular state triggered by endogenous or exogenous stimuli, which is mainly characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Once senescent cells accumulate in tissues, they may eventually accelerate the progression of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, chronic lung diseases, cancers, etc. Recent studies have shown that the disorders of lipid metabolism are not only related to age-related diseases, but also regulate the cellular senescence process. Based on existing research evidences, the changes in lipid metabolism in senescent cells are mainly concentrated in the metabolic processes of phospholipids, fatty acids and cholesterol. Obviously, the changes in lipid-metabolizing enzymes and proteins involved in these pathways play a critical role in senescence. However, the link between cellular senescence, changes in lipid metabolism and age-related disease remains to be elucidated. Herein, we summarize the lipid metabolism changes in senescent cells, especially the senescent cells that promote age-related diseases, as well as focusing on the role of lipid-related enzymes or proteins in senescence. Finally, we explore the prospect of lipids in cellular senescence and their potential as drug targets for preventing and delaying age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410021, China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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6
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Wang B, Han J, Elisseeff JH, Demaria M. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x. [PMID: 38654098 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of terminal growth arrest associated with the upregulation of different cell cycle inhibitors, mainly p16 and p21, structural and metabolic alterations, chronic DNA damage responses, and a hypersecretory state known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is the major mediator of the paracrine effects of senescent cells in their tissue microenvironment and of various local and systemic biological functions. In this Review, we discuss the composition, dynamics and heterogeneity of the SASP as well as the mechanisms underlying its induction and regulation. We describe the various biological properties of the SASP, its beneficial and detrimental effects in different physiological and pathological settings, and its impact on overall health span. Finally, we discuss the use of the SASP as a biomarker and of SASP inhibitors as senomorphic interventions to treat cancer and other age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands.
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7
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Hayek H, Rehbini O, Kosmider B, Brandt T, Chatila W, Marchetti N, Criner GJ, Bolla S, Kishore R, Bowler RP, Bahmed K. The Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase by Exosomal miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:259-282. [PMID: 38117249 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0232oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease caused by an aberrant repair of injured alveolar epithelial cells. The maintenance of the alveolar epithelium and its regeneration after the damage is fueled by alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Injured cells release exosomes containing microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the recipient cells' function. Lung tissue, ATII cells, fibroblasts, plasma, and exosomes were obtained from naive patients with IPF, patients with IPF taking pirfenidone or nintedanib, and control organ donors. miRNA expression was analyzed to study their impact on exosome-mediated effects in IPF. High miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p levels were detected in ATII cells, lung tissue, plasma, and exosomes in naive patients with IPF. Decreased FASN (fatty acid synthase) and ACSL-4 (acyl-CoA-synthetase long-chain family member 4) expression was found in ATII cells. miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p overexpression or ATII cell treatment with IPF-derived exosomes containing these miRNAs lowered FASN and ACSL-4 levels. Also, this contributed to ATII cell injury and senescence. However, exosomes isolated from patients with IPF taking nintedanib or pirfenidone increased FASN expression in ATII cells compared with naive patients with IPF. Furthermore, fibroblast treatment with exosomes obtained from naive patients with IPF increased SMAD3, CTGF, COL3A1, and TGFβ1 expression. Our results suggest that IPF-derived exosomes containing miR-143-5p and miR-342-5p inhibited the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway in ATII cells. They also induced the profibrotic response in fibroblasts. Pirfenidone and nintedanib improved ATII cell function and inhibited fibrogenesis. This study highlights the importance of exosomes in IPF pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hayek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research
| | | | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, and
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery
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8
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Tighanimine K, Nabuco Leva Ferreira Freitas JA, Nemazanyy I, Bankolé A, Benarroch-Popivker D, Brodesser S, Doré G, Robinson L, Benit P, Ladraa S, Saada YB, Friguet B, Bertolino P, Bernard D, Canaud G, Rustin P, Gilson E, Bischof O, Fumagalli S, Pende M. A homoeostatic switch causing glycerol-3-phosphate and phosphoethanolamine accumulation triggers senescence by rewiring lipid metabolism. Nat Metab 2024; 6:323-342. [PMID: 38409325 PMCID: PMC10896726 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence affects many physiological and pathological processes and is characterized by durable cell cycle arrest, an inflammatory secretory phenotype and metabolic reprogramming. Here, by using dynamic transcriptome and metabolome profiling in human fibroblasts with different subtypes of senescence, we show that a homoeostatic switch that results in glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) accumulation links lipid metabolism to the senescence gene expression programme. Mechanistically, p53-dependent glycerol kinase activation and post-translational inactivation of phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2, ethanolamine regulate this metabolic switch, which promotes triglyceride accumulation in lipid droplets and induces the senescence gene expression programme. Conversely, G3P phosphatase and ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase-based scavenging of G3P and pEtN acts in a senomorphic way by reducing G3P and pEtN accumulation. Collectively, our study ties G3P and pEtN accumulation to controlling lipid droplet biogenesis and phospholipid flux in senescent cells, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for targeting senescence and related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Tighanimine
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - José Américo Nabuco Leva Ferreira Freitas
- IMRB, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Inserm U955, Université Paris Est Créteil, UPEC, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil 8, Créteil, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR 3633, Paris, France
| | - Alexia Bankolé
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | | | - Susanne Brodesser
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregory Doré
- Institut Pasteur, Plasmodium RNA Biology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Robinson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Paule Benit
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1141, NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Ladraa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Yara Bou Saada
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Bernard
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
- Unité de médecine translationnelle et thérapies ciblées, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rustin
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1141, NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Nice, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, University-Hospital (CHU) of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Oliver Bischof
- IMRB, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Inserm U955, Université Paris Est Créteil, UPEC, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil 8, Créteil, France.
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France.
| | - Mario Pende
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France.
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9
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Xu S, Wu X, Wang S, Xu M, Fang T, Ma X, Chen M, Fu J, Guo J, Tian S, Tian T, Cheng X, Yang H, Zhou J, Wang Z, Yin Y, Xu W, Xu F, Yan J, Wang Z, Luo S, Zhang XJ, Ji YX, Weng J. TRIM56 protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting the degradation of fatty acid synthase. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166149. [PMID: 38206764 PMCID: PMC10904058 DOI: 10.1172/jci166149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a disease continuum from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there are currently no approved pharmacotherapies for NAFLD, although several drugs are in advanced stages of clinical development. Because of the complex pathophysiology and heterogeneity of NAFLD, the identification of potential therapeutic targets is clinically important. Here, we demonstrated that tripartite motif 56 (TRIM56) protein abundance was markedly downregulated in the livers of individuals with NAFLD and of mice fed a high-fat diet. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of TRIM56 exacerbated the progression of NAFLD, while hepatic TRIM56 overexpression suppressed it. Integrative analyses of interactome and transcriptome profiling revealed a pivotal role of TRIM56 in lipid metabolism and identified the lipogenesis factor fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a direct binding partner of TRIM56. TRIM56 directly interacted with FASN and triggered its K48-linked ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Finally, using artificial intelligence-based virtual screening, we discovered an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of FASN (named FASstatin) that potentiates TRIM56-mediated FASN ubiquitination. Therapeutic administration of FASstatin improved NAFLD and NASH pathologies in mice with an optimal safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics profile. Our findings provide proof of concept that targeting the TRIM56/FASN axis in hepatocytes may offer potential therapeutic avenues to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiumei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tingyu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meijie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute and
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Juan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute and
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute and
| | - Junjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute and
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute and
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Liang Y, Pan C, Yin T, Wang L, Gao X, Wang E, Quang H, Huang D, Tan L, Xiang K, Wang Y, Alexander PB, Li Q, Yao T, Zhang Z, Wang X. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Accumulation Fuels the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303489. [PMID: 37964763 PMCID: PMC10787106 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine play critical roles in protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Despite their widespread use as nutritional supplements, BCAAs' full effects on mammalian physiology remain uncertain due to the complexities of BCAA metabolic regulation. Here a novel mechanism linking intrinsic alterations in BCAA metabolism is identified to cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), both of which contribute to organismal aging and inflammation-related diseases. Altered BCAA metabolism driving the SASP is mediated by robust activation of the BCAA transporters Solute Carrier Family 6 Members 14 and 15 as well as downregulation of the catabolic enzyme BCAA transaminase 1 during onset of cellular senescence, leading to highly elevated intracellular BCAA levels in senescent cells. This, in turn, activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to establish the full SASP program. Transgenic Drosophila models further indicate that orthologous BCAA regulators are involved in the induction of cellular senescence and age-related phenotypes in flies, suggesting evolutionary conservation of this metabolic pathway during aging. Finally, experimentally blocking BCAA accumulation attenuates the inflammatory response in a mouse senescence model, highlighting the therapeutic potential of modulating BCAA metabolism for the treatment of age-related and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosi Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Christopher Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- Children's Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Holly Quang
- Children's Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
| | - De Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- School of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Peter B. Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Qi‐Jing Li
- Department of ImmunologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138673Singapore
- Singapore Immunology NetworkAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138673Singapore
| | - Tso‐Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Xiao‐Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
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11
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Flori E, Mosca S, Kovacs D, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, Mastrofrancesco A, Truglio M, Picardo M. Skin Anti-Inflammatory Potential with Reduced Side Effects of Novel Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:267. [PMID: 38203435 PMCID: PMC10778823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, although the balance between therapeutic benefits and side effects is still crucial in clinical practice. One of the major and well-known adverse effects of topical GCs is cutaneous atrophy, which seems to be related to the activation of the glucorticoid receptor (GR) genomic pathway. Dissociating anti-inflammatory activity from atrophogenicity represents an important goal to achieve, in order to avoid side effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, known target cells of GC action. To this end, we evaluated the biological activity and safety profile of two novel chemical compounds, DE.303 and KL.202, developed as non-transcriptionally acting GR ligands. In primary keratinocytes, both compounds demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting NF-κB activity, downregulating inflammatory cytokine release and interfering with pivotal signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory process. Of note, these beneficial actions were not associated with GC-related atrophic effects: treatments of primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts with DE.303 and KL.202 did not induce, contrarily to dexamethasone-a known potent GC-alterations in extracellular matrix components and lipid synthesis, thus confirming their safety profile. These data provide the basis for evaluating these compounds as effective alternatives to the currently used GCs in managing inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy;
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12
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Giuliani A, Giudetti AM, Vergara D, Del Coco L, Ramini D, Caccese S, Sbriscia M, Graciotti L, Fulgenzi G, Tiano L, Fanizzi FP, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Sabbatinelli J. Senescent Endothelial Cells Sustain Their Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) through Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1956. [PMID: 38001810 PMCID: PMC10668971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is closely linked to endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in age-related vascular diseases. Senescent endothelial cells exhibit a proinflammatory phenotype known as SASP, leading to chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and vascular impairments. Albeit in a state of permanent growth arrest, senescent cells paradoxically display a high metabolic activity. The relationship between metabolism and inflammation is complex and varies across cell types and senescence inductions. While some cell types shift towards glycolysis during senescence, others favor oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite the high availability of oxygen, quiescent endothelial cells (ECs) tend to rely on glycolysis for their bioenergetic needs. However, there are limited data on the metabolic behavior of senescent ECs. Here, we characterized the metabolic profiles of young and senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish a possible link between the metabolic status and the proinflammatory phenotype of senescent ECs. Senescent ECs internalize a smaller amount of glucose, have a lower glycolytic rate, and produce/release less lactate than younger cells. On the other hand, an increased fatty acid oxidation activity was observed in senescent HUVECs, together with a greater intracellular content of ATP. Interestingly, blockade of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in young cells resulted in enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, while the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), a key rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation, ameliorated the SASP in senescent ECs. In summary, metabolic changes in senescent ECs are complex, and this research seeks to uncover potential strategies for modulating these metabolic pathways to influence the SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Giuliani
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Bari Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.G.); (D.V.); (L.D.C.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.G.); (D.V.); (L.D.C.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.G.); (D.V.); (L.D.C.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (D.R.); (M.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Sara Caccese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.); (M.R.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Matilde Sbriscia
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (D.R.); (M.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Laura Graciotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Fulgenzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.); (M.R.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.M.G.); (D.V.); (L.D.C.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (D.R.); (M.S.); (F.O.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.); (M.R.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.); (M.R.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.); (M.R.R.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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13
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Sharma R, Diwan B. Lipids and the hallmarks of ageing: From pathology to interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111858. [PMID: 37652278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are critical structural and functional architects of cellular homeostasis. Change in systemic lipid profile is a clinical indicator of underlying metabolic pathologies, and emerging evidence is now defining novel roles of lipids in modulating organismal ageing. Characteristic alterations in lipid metabolism correlate with age, and impaired systemic lipid profile can also accelerate the development of ageing phenotype. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the extent of lipids as regulators of the modern hallmarks of ageing viz., cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, telomere attrition, genome instability, proteostasis and autophagy, epigenetic alterations, and stem cells dysfunctions. Current evidence on the modulation of each of these hallmarks has been discussed with emphasis on inherent age-dependent deficiencies in lipid metabolism as well as exogenous lipid changes. There appears to be sufficient evidence to consider impaired lipid metabolism as key driver of the ageing process although much of knowledge is yet fragmented. Considering dietary lipids, the type and quantity of lipids in the diet is a significant, but often overlooked determinant that governs the effects of lipids on ageing. Further research using integrative approaches amidst the known aging hallmarks is highly desirable for understanding the therapeutics of lipids associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India.
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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14
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Kim JY, Atanassov I, Dethloff F, Kroczek L, Langer T. Time-resolved proteomic analyses of senescence highlight metabolic rewiring of mitochondria. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302127. [PMID: 37321846 PMCID: PMC10272782 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence are hallmarks of aging. However, the relationship between these two phenomena remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the rewiring of mitochondria upon development of the senescent state in human IMR90 fibroblasts. Determining the bioenergetic activities and abundance of mitochondria, we demonstrate that senescent cells accumulate mitochondria with reduced OXPHOS activity, resulting in an overall increase of mitochondrial activities in senescent cells. Time-resolved proteomic analyses revealed extensive reprogramming of the mitochondrial proteome upon senescence development and allowed the identification of metabolic pathways that are rewired with different kinetics upon establishment of the senescent state. Among the early responding pathways, the degradation of branched-chain amino acid was increased, whereas the one carbon folate metabolism was decreased. Late-responding pathways include lipid metabolism and mitochondrial translation. These signatures were confirmed by metabolic flux analyses, highlighting metabolic rewiring as a central feature of mitochondria in cellular senescence. Together, our data provide a comprehensive view on the changes in mitochondrial proteome in senescent cells and reveal how the mitochondrial metabolism is rewired in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lara Kroczek
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Fan LC, McConn K, Plataki M, Kenny S, Williams NC, Kim K, Quirke JA, Chen Y, Sauler M, Möbius ME, Chung KP, Area Gomez E, Choi AM, Xu JF, Cloonan SM. Alveolar type II epithelial cell FASN maintains lipid homeostasis in experimental COPD. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163403. [PMID: 37606038 PMCID: PMC10543729 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type II (AEC2) cells strictly regulate lipid metabolism to maintain surfactant synthesis. Loss of AEC2 cell function and surfactant production are implicated in the pathogenesis of the smoking-related lung disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether smoking alters lipid synthesis in AEC2 cells and whether altering lipid metabolism in AEC2 cells contributes to COPD development are unclear. In this study, high-throughput lipidomic analysis revealed increased lipid biosynthesis in AEC2 cells isolated from mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Mice with a targeted deletion of the de novo lipogenesis enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), in AEC2 cells (FasniΔAEC2) exposed to CS exhibited higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, higher BALF protein, and more severe airspace enlargement. FasniΔAEC2 mice exposed to CS had lower levels of key surfactant phospholipids but higher levels of BALF ether phospholipids, sphingomyelins, and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids, as well as increased BALF surface tension. FasniΔAEC2 mice exposed to CS also had higher levels of protective ferroptosis markers in the lung. These data suggest that AEC2 cell FASN modulates the response of the lung to smoke by regulating the composition of the surfactant phospholipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Fan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith McConn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and
| | | | - Kihwan Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Estela Area Gomez
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Neurological Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Biological Research “Margarita Salas”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Augustine M.K. Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzanne M. Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and
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16
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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18
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Porukala M, Vinod PK. Network-level analysis of ageing and its relationship with diseases and tissue regeneration in the mouse liver. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4632. [PMID: 36944690 PMCID: PMC10030664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a vital role in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis, compound detoxification and has the unique ability to regenerate itself post-injury. Ageing leads to functional impairment of the liver and predisposes the liver to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mapping the molecular changes of the liver with ageing may help to understand the crosstalk of ageing with different liver diseases. A systems-level analysis of the ageing-induced liver changes and its crosstalk with liver-associated conditions is lacking. In the present study, we performed network-level analyses of the ageing liver using mouse transcriptomic data and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A sample-wise analysis using network entropy measure was performed, which showed an increasing trend with ageing and helped to identify ageing genes based on local entropy changes. To gain further insights, we also integrated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between young and different age groups with the PPI network and identified core modules and nodes associated with ageing. Finally, we computed the network proximity of the ageing network with different networks of liver diseases and regeneration to quantify the effect of ageing. Our analysis revealed the complex interplay of immune, cancer signalling, and metabolic genes in the ageing liver. We found significant network proximities between ageing and NAFLD, HCC, liver damage conditions, and the early phase of liver regeneration with common nodes including NLRP12, TRP53, GSK3B, CTNNB1, MAT1 and FASN. Overall, our study maps the network-level changes of ageing and their interconnections with the physiology and pathology of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisri Porukala
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - P K Vinod
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
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19
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Faggioli F, Velarde MC, Wiley CD. Cellular Senescence, a Novel Area of Investigation for Metastatic Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060860. [PMID: 36980201 PMCID: PMC10047218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a systemic condition and the major challenge among cancer types, as it can lead to multiorgan vulnerability. Recently, attention has been drawn to cellular senescence, a complex stress response condition, as a factor implicated in metastatic dissemination and outgrowth. Here, we examine the current knowledge of the features required for cells to invade and colonize secondary organs and how senescent cells can contribute to this process. First, we describe the role of senescence in placentation, itself an invasive process which has been linked to higher rates of invasive cancers. Second, we describe how senescent cells can contribute to metastatic dissemination and colonization. Third, we discuss several metabolic adaptations by which senescent cells could promote cancer survival along the metastatic journey. In conclusion, we posit that targeting cellular senescence may have a potential therapeutic efficacy to limit metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Faggioli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR) uos Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-82245211
| | - Michael C. Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City PH 1101, Philippines
| | - Christopher D. Wiley
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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20
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Estévez-Souto V, Da Silva-Álvarez S, Collado M. The role of extracellular vesicles in cellular senescence. FEBS J 2023; 290:1203-1211. [PMID: 35904466 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that prevents the proliferation of damaged cells, is a very relevant cellular response involved in both physiological and pathological conditions. Even though senescent cells are stably growth arrested, they exhibit a complex and poorly understood secretory phenotype, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype, composed of soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extracellular vesicles were initially described as a waste management mechanism to remove damaged components of cellular metabolism, but increasing evidence shows that EVs could also play important roles in intercellular communication. Recently, some studies showed that EVs could have fundamental functions during cellular senescence. Our purpose in this review is to clarify the increasing literature on the role of EVs in cellular senescence as key mediators in cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Estévez-Souto
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Spain
| | - Sabela Da Silva-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Spain
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21
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Martini H, Passos JF. Cellular senescence: all roads lead to mitochondria. FEBS J 2023; 290:1186-1202. [PMID: 35048548 PMCID: PMC9296701 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a multi-functional cell fate, characterized by an irreversible cell-cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory phenotype, commonly known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Emerging evidence indicates that accumulation of senescent cells in multiple tissues drives tissue dysfunction and several age-related conditions. This has spurred the academic community and industry to identify new therapeutic interventions targeting this process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an often-unappreciated hallmark of cellular senescence which plays important roles not only in the senescence growth arrest but also in the development of the SASP and resistance to cell-death. Here, we review the evidence that supports a role for mitochondria in the development of senescence and describe the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose that a detailed road map of mitochondrial biology in senescence will be crucial to guide the future development of senotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Martini
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
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22
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Dong X, Feng Y, Xu D, Zhang M, Wen X, Zhao W, Hu Q, Zhang Q, Fu H, Ping J. Targeting macrophagic 17 β-HSD7 by fenretinide for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:142-156. [PMID: 36815031 PMCID: PMC9939369 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis. However, which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17β-HSD7) expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization. Single-cell RNA sequencing on hepatic non-parenchymal cells isolated from wild-type littermates and macrophage-17β-HSD7 knockout mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks revealed that lipid metabolism pathways were notably changed. Furthermore, 17β-HSD7 deficiency in macrophages attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and liver injury. Mechanistically, 17β-HSD7 triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing free cholesterol content, thereby promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, to help demonstrate that 17β-HSD7 is a potential drug target for NAFLD, fenretinide was screened out from an FDA-approved drug library based on its 17β-HSD7 dehydrogenase inhibitory activity. Fenretinide dose-dependently abrogated macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and subsequently inhibited fat deposition in hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blockade of 17β-HSD7 signaling by fenretinide would be a drug repurposing strategy for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yiting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qintong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 6875 9310; fax: +86 27 8733 1670.
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23
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Maudsley S, Walter D, Schrauwen C, Van Loon N, Harputluoğlu İ, Lenaerts J, McDonald P. Intersection of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR19, with the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113598. [PMID: 36362387 PMCID: PMC9653598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the most functionally diverse classes of transmembrane proteins. GPCRs and their associated signaling systems have been linked to nearly every physiological process. They also constitute nearly 40% of the current pharmacopeia as direct targets of remedial therapies. Hence, their place as a functional nexus in the interface between physiological and pathophysiological processes suggests that GPCRs may play a central role in the generation of nearly all types of human disease. Perhaps one mechanism through which GPCRs can mediate this pivotal function is through the control of the molecular aging process. It is now appreciated that, indeed, many human disorders/diseases are induced by GPCR signaling processes linked to pathological aging. Here we discuss one such novel member of the GPCR family, GPR19, that may represent an important new target for novel remedial strategies for the aging process. The molecular signaling pathways (metabolic control, circadian rhythm regulation and stress responsiveness) associated with this recently characterized receptor suggest an important role in aging-related disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Claudia Schrauwen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nore Van Loon
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Julia Lenaerts
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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24
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Liu X, Li Z, Zheng Y, Wang W, He P, Guan K, Wu T, Wang X, Zhang X. Extracellular vesicles isolated from hyperuricemia patients might aggravate airway inflammation of COPD via senescence-associated pathway. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 36324164 PMCID: PMC9628085 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health issue resulting in significant mortality worldwide. Due to the high heterogeneity and unclear pathogenesis, the management and therapy of COPD are still challenging until now. Elevated serum uric acid(SUA) levels seem to be associated with the inflammatory level in patients with COPD. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet clearly established. In the current research, we aim to elucidate the effect of high SUA levels on airway inflammation among COPD patients. METHODS Through bioinformatic analysis, the common potential key genes were determined in both COPD and hyperuricemia (HUA) patients. A total of 68 COPD patients aged 50-75-year were included in the study, and their clinical parameters, including baseline characteristics, lung function test, as well as blood chemistry test were recorded. These parameters were then compared between the COPD patients with and without HUA. Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE), immunofluorescence (IF), and Masson trichrome staining were performed to demonstrate the pathological changes in the lung tissues. Furthermore, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples and detected the expression of inflammatory factor (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and COPD related proteases (antitrypsin and elastase) between two groups. Additionally, we treated the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and EVs were derived from the plasma in vitro experiments. The critical pathway involving the relationship between COPD and HUA was eventually validated based on the results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot (WB). RESULTS In the study, the COPD patients co-existing with HUA were found to have more loss of pulmonary function compared with those COPD patients without HUA. The lung tissue samples of patients who had co-existing COPD and HUA indicated greater inflammatory cell infiltration, more severe airway destruction and even fibrosis. Furthermore, the high SUA level could exacerbate the progress of airway inflammation in COPD through the transfer of EVs. In vitro experiments, we determined that EVs isolated from plasma, sputum, and BALF played pivotal roles in the CSE-induced inflammation of HBE. The EVs in HUA patients might exacerbate both systemic inflammation and airway inflammatory response via the senescence-related pathway. CONCLUSION The pulmonary function and clinical indicators of COPD patients with HUA were worse than those without HUA, which may be caused by the increased airway inflammatory response through the EVs in the patient's peripheral blood. Moreover, it might mediate the EVs via senescence-related pathways in COPD patients with HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanqi Liu
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China ,grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yang Zheng
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China ,grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Peiqing He
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Kangwei Guan
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Tao Wu
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China ,grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China ,grid.413597.d0000 0004 1757 8802Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
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25
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Jung YH, Chae CW, Chang HS, Choi GE, Lee HJ, Han HJ. Silencing SIRT5 induces the senescence of UCB-MSCs exposed to TNF-α by reduction of fatty acid β-oxidation and anti-oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:1-12. [PMID: 36096355 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in cell survival, apoptosis, and homeostasis. However, the regulatory effect of TNF-α on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) redox regulation remains unknown. The process of delaying the senescence of MSCs and maintaining antioxidation mechanism is important in transplantation therapy to treat inflammatory diseases that result from restricted immunomodulatory effects of senescent MSCs. Thus, we examined the role of TNF-α-mediated signaling and its regulatory mechanisms on the senescence of umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs) and identified its therapeutic efficacy in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. We found that TNF-α increased fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet (LD) formation through NF-κB/SREBP1-mediated FASN, SCD1, and DGAT2 expression, which protects UCB-MSCs from oxidative stress against accumulated toxic lipids. Additionally, DGAT2-mediated LD formation was regulated by TNF-α-activated TNF receptor (TNFR)1 signaling. We also found that storage of unsaturated FAs in LDs is regulated by SIRT5-dependent β-oxidation of FAs, which reduces mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) accumulation. Particularly, mtROS homeostasis was maintained by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) upregulation through TNFR2-mediated SIRT5/Nrf2 signaling. In a CIA mouse model, UCB-MSCs transfected with SIRT5 siRNA exhibited reduced therapeutic effects compared with UCB-MSCs transfected with NT siRNA. Overall, the results indicated that SIRT5 plays a central role in protecting TNF-α-induced UCB-MSC senescence through FA β-oxidation and SOD2-mediated antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Han Seung Chang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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26
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Diwan B, Sharma R. Nutritional components as mitigators of cellular senescence in organismal aging: a comprehensive review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1089-1109. [PMID: 35756719 PMCID: PMC9206104 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cellular senescence is rapidly emerging as a modulator of organismal aging and disease. Targeting the development and removal of senescent cells is considered a viable approach to achieving improved organismal healthspan and lifespan. Nutrition and health are intimately linked and an appropriate dietary regimen can greatly impact organismal response to stress and diseases including during aging. With a renewed focus on cellular senescence, emerging studies demonstrate that both primary and secondary nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and probiotics can influence multiple aspects of cellular senescence. The present review describes the recent molecular aspects of cellular senescence-mediated understanding of aging and then studies available evidence of the cellular senescence modulatory attributes of major and minor dietary elements. Underlying pathways and future research directions are deliberated to promote a nutrition-centric approach for targeting cellular senescence and thus improving human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Diwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
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27
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Sakamuri SSVP, Sure VN, Kolli L, Liu N, Evans WR, Sperling JA, Busija DW, Wang X, Lindsey SH, Murfee WL, Mostany R, Katakam PVG. Glycolytic and Oxidative Phosphorylation Defects Precede the Development of Senescence in Primary Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. GeroScience 2022; 44:1975-1994. [PMID: 35378718 PMCID: PMC9616994 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondrial and glycolytic energy pathways related to aging could contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction. We studied the impact of aging on energetics of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by comparing the young (passages 7-9), pre-senescent (passages 13-15), and senescent (passages 20-21) cells. Pre-senescent HBMECs displayed decreased telomere length and undetectable telomerase activity although markers of senescence were unaffected. Bioenergetics in HBMECs were determined by measuring the oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) rates. Cellular ATP production in young HBMECs was predominantly dependent on glycolysis with glutamine as the preferred fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In contrast, pre-senescent HBMECs displayed equal contribution to ATP production rate from glycolysis and OXPHOS with equal utilization of glutamine, glucose, and fatty acids as mitofuels. Compared to young, pre-senescent HBMECs showed a lower overall ATP production rate that was characterized by diminished contribution from glycolysis. Impairments of glycolysis displayed by pre-senescent cells included reduced basal glycolysis, compensatory glycolysis, and non-glycolytic acidification. Furthermore, impairments of mitochondrial respiration in pre-senescent cells involved the reduction of maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity but intact basal and ATP production-related OCR. Proton leak and non-mitochondrial respiration, however, were unchanged in the pre-senescent HBMECs. HBMECS at passages 20-21 displayed expression of senescence markers and continued similar defects in glycolysis and worsened OXPHOS. Thus, for the first time, we characterized the bioenergetics of pre-senescent HBMECs comprehensively to identify the alterations of the energy pathways that could contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lahari Kolli
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 S. Robertson, Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Jared A Sperling
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 S. Robertson, Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Clayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 S. Robertson, Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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28
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Mylonas A, O'Loghlen A. Cellular Senescence and Ageing: Mechanisms and Interventions. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:866718. [PMID: 35821824 PMCID: PMC9261318 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.866718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the activation of a cellular phenotype termed senescence and it’s importance in ageing and age-related diseases is becoming more and more evident. In fact, there is a huge effort to tackle these diseases via therapeutic drugs targeting senescent cells named senolytics. However, a clearer understanding of how senescence is activated and the influence it has on specific cellular types and tissues is needed. Here, we describe general triggers and characteristics of senescence. In addition, we describe the influence of senescent cells in ageing and different age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mylonas
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana O'Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Wang K, Li L, Jin J, An Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Zhang J, Abuduaini B, Cheng C, Li N. Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) inhibits the expression levels of immune response genes via alteration of alternative splicing in islet cells. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108159. [PMID: 35210136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that fatty acid synthase (Fasn) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance, however, it remains unclear how Fasn upregulation leads to dysregulation of energy homeostasis in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of Fasn in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of FASN in islet cells is immensely important for finding a treatment target. AIM In this study, we elucidated the biological function of Fasn on the target genes in a rat insulinoma INS-1 cell line. METHODS We created a Fasn overexpressing rat insulinoma cell line (Fasn-OE), and performed bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments on Fasn-OE and INS-1 (control) cells. We first identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Bioconductor package edgeR, and then discovered enriched gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using the KEGG Orthology Based Annotation System (KOBAS) 2.0 web server. Furthermore, we identified alternative splicing events (ASEs) and regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) by applying the ABLas pipeline. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for validation of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Fasn-regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs). RESULTS In this study we found that Fasn overexpression led to significant changes of gene expression profiles, including downregulations of mRNA levels of immune related genes, including Bst2, Ddit3, Isg15, Mx2, Oas1a, Oasl, and RT1-S3 in INS-1 cell line. Furthermore, Fasn positively regulated the expression of transcription factors such as Fat1 and Ncl diabetes-related genes. Importantly, Fasn overexpression to result in alternative splicing events including in a metabolism-associated ATP binding protein mRNA Abcc5. In Gene Ontology analysis, the downregulated genes in Fasn-OE cells were mainly enriched in inflammatory response and innate immune response. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that upregulation of Fasn may play a critical role in islet cell immunmetabolism via modifications of immune/inflammatory related genes on transcription and alternative splicing level, which provide novel insights into characterizing the function of Fasn in islet cell immunity and for the development of chemo/immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Yanli An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Zhongjuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Institute of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Buzukela Abuduaini
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.
| | - Chao Cheng
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Ning Li
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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30
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Han X, Lei Q, Xie J, Liu H, Sun H, Jing L, Zhang X, Zhang T, Gou X. Potential regulators of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype during senescence and ageing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2207-2218. [PMID: 35524726 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells express and secrete a variety of extracellular modulators that include cytokines, chemokines, proteases, growth factors and some enzymes associated with ECM remodeling, defined as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP reinforces senescent cell cycle arrest, stimulates and recruits immune cells for immune-mediated clearance of potentially tumorigenic cells, limits or induces fibrosis and promotes wound healing and tissue regeneration. On the other hand, SASP mediates chronic inflammation leading to destruction of tissue structure and function and stimulating the growth and survival of tumour cells. SASP is highly heterogeneous and the role of SASP depends on the context. The regulation of SASP occurs at multiple levels including chromatin remodelling, transcription, mRNA translation, intracellular trafficking and secretion. Several SASP modulators have already been identified setting the stage for future research on their clinical applications. In this review, we summarize in detail the potential signalling pathways that trigger and regulate SASP production during ageing and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamei Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Jing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Hamsanathan S, Gurkar AU. Lipids as Regulators of Cellular Senescence. Front Physiol 2022; 13:796850. [PMID: 35370799 PMCID: PMC8965560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.796850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are key macromolecules that perform a multitude of biological functions ranging from maintaining structural integrity of membranes, energy storage, to signaling molecules. Unsurprisingly, variations in lipid composition and its levels can influence the functional and physiological state of the cell and its milieu. Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest and is a hallmark of the aging process, as well as several age-related pathologies. Senescent cells are often characterized by alterations in morphology, metabolism, chromatin remodeling and exhibit a complex pro-inflammatory secretome (SASP). Recent studies have shown that the regulation of specific lipid species play a critical role in senescence. Indeed, some lipid species even contribute to the low-grade inflammation associated with SASP. Many protein regulators of senescence have been well characterized and are associated with lipid metabolism. However, the link between critical regulators of cellular senescence and senescence-associated lipid changes is yet to be elucidated. Here we systematically review the current knowledge on lipid metabolism and dynamics of cellular lipid content during senescence. We focus on the roles of major players of senescence in regulating lipid metabolism. Finally, we explore the future prospects of lipid research in senescence and its potential to be targeted as senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Hamsanathan
- Aging Institute of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aditi U. Gurkar
- Aging Institute of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Aditi U. Gurkar,
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32
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Genome wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies the coagulation factor IX (F9) as a regulator of senescence. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:163. [PMID: 35184131 PMCID: PMC8858321 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During this last decade, the development of prosenescence therapies has become an attractive strategy as cellular senescence acts as a barrier against tumour progression. In this context, CDK4/6 inhibitors induce senescence and reduce tumour growth in breast cancer patients. However, even though cancer cells are arrested after CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment, genes regulating senescence in this context are still unknown limiting their antitumour activity. Here, using a functional genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 genetic screen we found several genes that participate in the proliferation arrest induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors. We find that downregulation of the coagulation factor IX (F9) using sgRNA and shRNA prevents the cell cycle arrest and senescent-like phenotype induced in MCF7 breast tumour cells upon Palbociclib treatment. These results were confirmed using another breast cancer cell line, T47D, and with an alternative CDK4/6 inhibitor, Abemaciclib, and further tested in a panel of 22 cancer cells. While F9 knockout prevents the induction of senescence, treatment with a recombinant F9 protein was sufficient to induce a cell cycle arrest and senescence-like state in MCF7 tumour cells. Besides, endogenous F9 is upregulated in different human primary cells cultures undergoing senescence. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis of cancer datasets suggest a role for F9 in human tumours. Altogether, these data collectively propose key genes involved in CDK4/6 inhibitor response that will be useful to design new therapeutic strategies in personalised medicine in order to increase their efficiency, stratify patients and avoid drug resistance.
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33
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Kruglikov IL, Zhang Z, Scherer PE. Skin aging: Dermal adipocytes metabolically reprogram dermal fibroblasts. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100207. [PMID: 34766637 PMCID: PMC8688300 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data connects the aging process in dermal fibroblasts with metabolic reprogramming, provided by enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced glycolysis. This switch may be caused by a significant expansion of the dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) layer in aged, hair-covered skin. Dermal adipocytes cycle through de-differentiation and re-differentiation. As a result, there is a strongly enhanced release of free fatty acids into the extracellular space during the de-differentiation of dermal adipocytes in the catagen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Both caveolin-1 and adiponectin are critical factors influencing these processes. Controlling the expression levels of these two factors also offers the ability to manipulate the metabolic preferences of the different cell types within the microenvironment of the skin, including dermal fibroblasts. Differential expression of adiponectin and caveolin-1 in the various cell types may also be responsible for the cellular metabolic heterogeneity within the cells of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA,Corresponding author: Scherer, P.E.,
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34
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Niklander SE, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Senescent Cells in Cancer: Wanted or Unwanted Citizens. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123315. [PMID: 34943822 PMCID: PMC8699088 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the field of cellular senescence has attracted considerable attention due to its association with aging, the development of age-related diseases and cancer. Senescent cells are unable to proliferate, as the pathways responsible for initiating the cell cycle are irreversibly inhibited. Nevertheless, senescent cells accumulate in tissues and develop a pro-inflammatory secretome, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can have serious deleterious effects if not properly regulated. There is increasing evidence suggesting senescent cells contribute to different stages of carcinogenesis in different anatomical sites, mainly due to the paracrine effects of the SASP. Thus, a new therapeutic field, known as senotherapeutics, has developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence response and its relationship with cancer development, focusing on the link between senescence-related inflammation and cancer. We will also discuss different approaches to target senescent cells that might be of use for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E. Niklander
- Unidad de Patologia y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-(32)2845108
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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35
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Morales-Valencia J, David G. The Contribution of Physiological and Accelerated Aging to Cancer Progression Through Senescence-Induced Inflammation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747822. [PMID: 34621683 PMCID: PMC8490756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are found to accumulate in aged individuals, as well as in cancer patients that receive chemotherapeutic treatment. Although originally believed to halt cancer progression due to their characteristic growth arrest, senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete a combination of inflammatory agents, growth factors and proteases, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the contribution of senescent cells to cancer progression through their ability to alter cancer cells’ properties and to generate a microenvironment that promotes tumor growth. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that senescent cells are able resume proliferation and drive cancer relapse, pointing to the use of senolytics and SASP modulators as a potential approach to prevent tumor resurgence following treatment cessation. Thus, a better understanding of the hallmarks of senescence and the impact of the SASP will allow the development of improved targeted therapeutic strategies to leverage vulnerabilities associated with this cellular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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36
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Wiley CD, Campisi J. The metabolic roots of senescence: mechanisms and opportunities for intervention. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1290-1301. [PMID: 34663974 PMCID: PMC8889622 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence entails a permanent proliferative arrest, coupled to multiple phenotypic changes. Among these changes is the release of numerous biologically active molecules collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP. A growing body of literature indicates that both senescence and the SASP are sensitive to cellular and organismal metabolic states, which in turn can drive phenotypes associated with metabolic dysfunction. Here, we review the current literature linking senescence and metabolism, with an eye toward findings at the cellular level, including both metabolic inducers of senescence and alterations in cellular metabolism associated with senescence. Additionally, we consider how interventions that target either metabolism or senescent cells might influence each other and mitigate some of the pro-aging effects of cellular senescence. We conclude that the most effective interventions will likely break a degenerative feedback cycle by which cellular senescence promotes metabolic diseases, which in turn promote senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Wiley
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, CA, USA.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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37
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Lin JR, Sin-Chan P, Napolioni V, Torres GG, Mitra J, Zhang Q, Jabalameli MR, Wang Z, Nguyen N, Gao T, Laudes M, Görg S, Franke A, Nebel A, Greicius MD, Atzmon G, Ye K, Gorbunova V, Ladiges WC, Shuldiner AR, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Milman S, Suh Y, Vijg J, Barzilai N, Zhang ZD. Rare genetic coding variants associated with human longevity and protection against age-related diseases. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:783-794. [PMID: 37117627 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extreme longevity in humans has a strong genetic component, but whether this involves genetic variation in the same longevity pathways as found in model organisms is unclear. Using whole-exome sequences of a large cohort of Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians to examine enrichment for rare coding variants, we found most longevity-associated rare coding variants converge upon conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and AMP-activating protein kinase signaling pathways. Centenarians have a number of pathogenic rare coding variants similar to control individuals, suggesting that rare variants detected in the conserved longevity pathways are protective against age-related pathology. Indeed, we detected a pro-longevity effect of rare coding variants in the Wnt signaling pathway on individuals harboring the known common risk allele APOE4. The genetic component of extreme human longevity constitutes, at least in part, rare coding variants in pathways that protect against aging, including those that control longevity in model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Joydeep Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Reza Jabalameli
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nha Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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38
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Fafián‐Labora JA, O’Loghlen A. NF-κB/IKK activation by small extracellular vesicles within the SASP. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13426. [PMID: 34187082 PMCID: PMC8282244 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays an important role in different biological and pathological conditions. Senescent cells communicate with their microenvironment through a plethora of soluble factors, metalloproteases and extracellular vesicles (EV). Although much is known about the role that soluble factors play in senescence, the downstream signalling pathways activated by EV in senescence is unknown. To address this, we performed a small molecule inhibitor screen and have identified the IκB kinases IKKε, IKKα and IKKβ as essential for senescence mediated by EV (evSASP). By using pharmacological inhibitors of IKKε, IKKα and IKKβ, in addition to CRISPR/Cas9 targeting their respective genes, we find these pathways are important in mediating senescence. In addition, we find that senescence activation is dependent on canonical NF‐κB transcription factors where siRNA targeting p65 prevent senescence. Importantly, these IKK pathways are also relevant to ageing as knockout of IKKA, IKKB and IKKE avoid the activation of senescence. Altogether, these findings open a new potential line of investigation in the field of senescence by targeting the negative effects of the evSASP independent of particular EV contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Fafián‐Labora
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
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39
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Rosenberg AM, Rausser S, Ren J, Mosharov EV, Sturm G, Ogden RT, Patel P, Kumar Soni R, Lacefield C, Tobin DJ, Paus R, Picard M. Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress. eLife 2021; 10:67437. [PMID: 34155974 PMCID: PMC8219384 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hair greying is a hallmark of aging generally believed to be irreversible and linked to psychological stress. Methods: Here, we develop an approach to profile hair pigmentation patterns (HPPs) along individual human hair shafts, producing quantifiable physical timescales of rapid greying transitions. Results: Using this method, we show white/grey hairs that naturally regain pigmentation across sex, ethnicities, ages, and body regions, thereby quantitatively defining the reversibility of greying in humans. Molecularly, grey hairs upregulate proteins related to energy metabolism, mitochondria, and antioxidant defenses. Combining HPP profiling and proteomics on single hairs, we also report hair greying and reversal that can occur in parallel with psychological stressors. To generalize these observations, we develop a computational simulation, which suggests a threshold-based mechanism for the temporary reversibility of greying. Conclusions: Overall, this new method to quantitatively map recent life history in HPPs provides an opportunity to longitudinally examine the influence of recent life exposures on human biology. Funding: This work was supported by the Wharton Fund and NIH grants GM119793, MH119336, and AG066828 (MP). Hair greying is a visible sign of aging that affects everyone. The loss of hair color is due to the loss of melanin, a pigment found in the skin, eyes and hair. Research in mice suggests stress may accelerate hair greying, but there is no definitive research on this in humans. This is because there are no research tools to precisely map stress and hair color over time. But, just like tree rings hold information about past decades, and rocks hold information about past centuries, hairs hold information about past months and years. Hair growth is an active process that happens under the skin inside hair follicles. It demands lots of energy, supplied by structures inside cells called mitochondria. While hairs are growing, cells receive chemical and electrical signals from inside the body, including stress hormones. It is possible that these exposures change proteins and other molecules laid down in the growing hair shaft. As the hair grows out of the scalp, it hardens, preserving these molecules into a stable form. This preservation is visible as patterns of pigmentation. Examining single-hairs and matching the patterns to life events could allow researchers to look back in time through a person’s biological history. Rosenberg et al. report a new way to digitize and measure small changes in color along single human hairs. This method revealed that some white hairs naturally regain their color, something that had not been reported in a cohort of healthy individuals before. Aligning the hair pigmentation patterns with recent reports of stress in the hair donors’ lives showed striking associations. When one donor reported an increase in stress, a hair lost its pigment. When the donor reported a reduction in stress, the same hair regained its pigment. Rosenberg et al. mapped hundreds of proteins inside the hairs to show that white hairs contained more proteins linked to mitochondria and energy use. This suggests that metabolism and mitochondria may play a role in hair greying. To explore these observations in more detail Rosenberg et al. developed a mathematical model that simulates the greying of a whole head of hair over a lifetime, an experiment impossible to do with living people. The model suggested that there might be a threshold for temporary greying; if hairs are about to go grey anyway, a stressful event might trigger that change earlier. And when the stressful event ends, if a hair is just above the threshold, then it could revert back to dark. The new method for measuring small changes in hair coloring opens up the possibility of using hair pigmentation patterns like tree rings. This could track the influence of past life events on human biology. In the future, monitoring hair pigmentation patterns could provide a way to trace the effectiveness of treatments aimed at reducing stress or slowing the aging process. Understanding how ‘old’ white hairs regain their ‘young’ pigmented state could also reveal new information about the malleability of human aging more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet M Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Junting Ren
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Purvi Patel
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Clay Lacefield
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology & UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
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40
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Oh S, Son M, Byun KA, Jang JT, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:318. [PMID: 34070893 PMCID: PMC8227003 DOI: 10.3390/md19060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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41
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Martinez-Lopez JE, Coleman O, Meleady P, Clynes M. Transfection of miR-31* boosts oxidative phosphorylation metabolism in the mitochondria and enhances recombinant protein production in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biotechnol 2021; 333:86-96. [PMID: 33940052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are increasingly being used to enhance relevant pathways of interest during CHO cell line development and to optimise biopharmaceutical production processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic manipulation of microRNAs has led to the development of highly productive phenotypes by increasing cell density through modifying the cell cycle, extending the culture lifespan by delaying apoptotic mechanisms, or improving the energetic flux by targeting mitochondrial metabolism. Re-programming mitochondrial metabolism has arisen as a potential area of interest due to the potential to decrease the Warburg effect and increase cell specific productivity with significant impact on the manufacture of recombinant therapeutic proteins. In this study, we have demonstrated a role for miR-31* to enhance specific productivity in CHO cells by boosting oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. A detailed analysis of the mitochondrial metabolism revealed that miR-31* transfection increases basal oxygen consumption and spare respiratory capacity that leads to an increase in ATP production. Additionally, a proteomic analysis unveiled a number of potential targets involved in fatty acid metabolism and the TCA cycle, both implicated in mitochondrial metabolism. This data demonstrates a potential role for miR-31* to reprogramme the mitochondrial energetic metabolism and increase recombinant protein production in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus E Martinez-Lopez
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - Orla Coleman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, D09 NR58, Ireland
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Abstract
Significance: Senescence is an essential biological process that blocks tumorigenesis, limits tissue damage, and aids embryonic development. However, once senescent cells accumulate in tissues during aging, they promote the development of age-related diseases and limit health span. Thus, it is essential to expand the boundaries of our knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for controlling cellular senescence. Recent Advances: Cellular metabolism plays a significant role in the regulation of various signaling processes involved in cell senescence. In the past decade, our knowledge about the interplay between cell signaling, cell metabolism, and cellular senescence has significantly expanded. Critical Issues: In this study, we review metabolic pathways in senescent cells and the impact of these pathways on the response to DNA damage and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Future Directions: Future research should elucidate metabolic mechanisms that promote specific alterations in senescent cell phenotype, with a final goal of developing a new therapeutic strategy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 324-334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riva Shmulevich
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Niklander S, Bandaru D, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. ROCK inhibition modulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in oral keratinocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2740-2749. [PMID: 33095981 PMCID: PMC7714064 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in different organs and develop a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), associated with the development of age‐related pathologies. The constitution of the SASP varies among cell types and with the method of senescence induction; nevertheless, there is substantial overlap among SASPs, especially the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐1α, IL‐6 and IL‐8. These cytokines are highly conserved among SASPs and are implicated in the development of several cancers. Here, we report that ROCK inhibition by Y‐27632 reduces levels of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 secreted by senescent normal and dysplastic oral keratinocytes without affecting the permanent cell growth arrest. The data indicate some inflammatory genes downregulated by Y‐27632 remain downregulated even after repeated passage in the absence of Y‐27632. We propose ROCK kinase inhibition as a novel alternative to current strategies to modulate the inflammatory components of the SASP, without compromising the permanent cell growth arrest. This observation potentially has wide clinical applications, given the involvement of senescence in cancer and a wide range of age‐related disease. It also suggests care should be exercised when using Y‐27632 to facilitate cell expansion of primary cells, as its effects on gene expression are not entirely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Niklander
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Departamento de Cirugia y Patologia Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Deepti Bandaru
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Rodriguez-Navarro JA, Pascual-Guerra J, Sacristan S, Nogales MDC, Fafián-Labora JA, O’Loghlen A. Extracellular vesicles as potential tools for regenerative therapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1809958. [PMID: 33235912 PMCID: PMC7671023 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1809958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles released by fibroblasts from young human donors diminish lipid peroxidation in senescent cells and in different old mice organs due to their enrichment in Glutathione-S-transferase Mu lipid antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Pascual-Guerra
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS Neurobiología-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sacristan
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS Neurobiología-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria del Carmen Nogales
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS Neurobiología-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Fafián-Labora
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- CONTACT Juan Antonio Fafián-Labora Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, LondonE1 2AT, UK
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Fatty Acid Synthase: An Emerging Target in Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173935. [PMID: 32872164 PMCID: PMC7504791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lipid metabolism has garnered significant attention as it provides the necessary building blocks required to sustain tumor growth and serves as an alternative fuel source for ATP generation. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) functions as a central regulator of lipid metabolism and plays a critical role in the growth and survival of tumors with lipogenic phenotypes. Accumulating evidence has shown that it is capable of rewiring tumor cells for greater energy flexibility to attain their high energy requirements. This multi-enzyme protein is capable of modulating the function of subcellular organelles for optimal function under different conditions. Apart from lipid metabolism, FASN has functional roles in other cellular processes such as glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. These pivotal roles of FASN in lipid metabolism make it an attractive target in the clinic with several new inhibitors currently being tested in early clinical trials. This article aims to present the current evidence on the emergence of FASN as a target in human malignancies.
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Millner A, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Lipid Players of Cellular Senescence. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090339. [PMID: 32839400 PMCID: PMC7570155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are emerging as key players of senescence. Here, we review the exciting new findings on the diverse roles of lipids in cellular senescence, most of which are enabled by the advancements in omics approaches. Senescence is a cellular process in which the cell undergoes growth arrest while retaining metabolic activity. At the organismal level, senescence contributes to organismal aging and has been linked to numerous diseases. Current research has documented that senescent cells exhibit global alterations in lipid composition, leading to extensive morphological changes through membrane remodeling. Moreover, senescent cells adopt a secretory phenotype, releasing various components to their environment that can affect the surrounding tissue and induce an inflammatory response. All of these changes are membrane and, thus, lipid related. Our work, and that of others, has revealed that fatty acids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids are involved in the initiation and maintenance of senescence and its associated inflammatory components. These studies opened up an exciting frontier to investigate the deeper mechanistic understanding of the regulation and function of these lipids in senescence. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the field and share our enthusiasm for the prospect of potential lipid-related protein targets for small-molecule therapy in pathologies involving senescence and its related inflammatory phenotypes.
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Hu J, Wang H, Li X, Liu Y, Mi Y, Kong H, Xi D, Yan W, Luo X, Ning Q, Wang X. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via interaction with TLR4, eliciting inflammation in macrophages and inducing hepatic lipid metabolism disorder. Theranostics 2020; 10:9702-9720. [PMID: 32863955 PMCID: PMC7449923 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The functions of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) have been studied in many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, but the role of fgl2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of fgl2 in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: Hepatic fgl2 expression was tested in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or NASH and controls. Wild-type and fgl2-/- C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish NASH models. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with LPS or free fatty acids were used for the in vitro study. Results: In both humans and mice with NASH, macrophage accumulation was concomitant with significantly increased fgl2 expression in the liver. Fgl2 deficiency attenuated liver steatosis and inflammation in diet-induced murine models of NASH. In both liver tissues and BMDMs from NASH mice, fgl2 deficiency resulted in reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with levels in wild-type controls. Activation of NF-κB, p38-MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasomes was also suppressed upon fgl2 disruption. Moreover, lipogenic genes (Fasn and SREBP-2) were downregulated while lipolytic genes (PPAR and CPT1A) were upregulated in the livers of fgl2-/- NASH mice. Primary hepatocytes incubated with the medium collected from fgl2-/- BMDMs showed less fat deposition than those incubated with WT BMDMs. Furthermore, we discovered that fgl2 combined with TLR4 mediates the activation of the Myd88-dependent signaling pathway, which may contribute to inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders. Conclusions: These data suggest that fgl2 aggravates the progression of NASH through activation of NF-κB, p38-MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages, which consequently induces overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid metabolism disorders. An interaction of fgl2 and TLR4 may in part contribute to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Hu
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xitang Li
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiang Mi
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Kong
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Xi
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department and institute of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Intracellular signaling modules linking DNA damage to secretome changes in senescent melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:336-347. [PMID: 32628430 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major barricade on the path of cancer development, yet proteins secreted from senescent cells exert complex and often discordant effects on subsequent cancer evolution. Somatic genome alternations driving the formation of nevi and melanoma are efficient inducers of cellular senescence. Melanocyte and melanoma cell senescence is likely to come into play as a key factor affecting the course of tumorigenesis and responsiveness to therapy; little mechanistic information has been generated, however, that substantiates this idea and facilitates its clinical translation. Here, we established and characterized a model of melanoma cell senescence in which pharmacologically induced DNA damage triggered divergent ATM kinase- and STING-dependent intracellular signaling cascades and resulted in cell cycle arrest, cytomorphologic remodeling, and drastic secretome changes. Targeted proteome profiling revealed that senescent melanoma cells in this model secreted a panoply of proteins shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. CRISPR-mediated genetic ablation of the p38α and IKKβ signaling modules downstream of the ATM kinase severed the link between DNA damage and this secretory phenotype without restoring proliferative capacity. A similar genetic dissection showed that loss of STING signaling prevented type I interferon induction in DNA-damaged melanoma cells but otherwise left the senescence-associated processes in our model intact. Actionable proteins secreted from senescent melanoma cells or involved in senescence-associated intracellular signaling hold potential as markers for melanoma characterization and targets for melanoma treatment.
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Battram AM, Bachiller M, Martín-Antonio B. Senescence in the Development and Response to Cancer with Immunotherapy: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124346. [PMID: 32570952 PMCID: PMC7352478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first described as a physiological tumor cell suppressor mechanism that leads to cell growth arrest with production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype known as SASP. The main role of SASP in physiological conditions is to attract immune cells to clear senescent cells avoiding tumor development. However, senescence can be damage-associated and, depending on the nature of these stimuli, additional types of senescence have been described. In the context of cancer, damage-associated senescence has been described as a consequence of chemotherapy treatments that were initially thought of as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, in certain contexts, senescence after chemotherapy can promote cancer progression, especially when immune cells become senescent and cannot clear senescent tumor cells. Moreover, aging itself leads to continuous inflammaging and immunosenescence which are responsible for rewiring immune cells to become defective in their functionality. Here, we define different types of senescence, pathways that activate them, and functions of SASP in these events. Additionally, we describe the role of senescence in cancer and its treatments, including how aging and chemotherapy contribute to senescence in tumor cells, before focusing on immune cell senescence and its role in cancer. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions to reverse cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Battram
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mireia Bachiller
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS/Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-227-45-28; Fax: +34-93-312-94-07
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50
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A Simple and Direct Assay for Monitoring Fatty Acid Synthase Activity and Product-Specificity by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010118. [PMID: 31936797 PMCID: PMC7023185 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo fatty acid synthesis is a pivotal enzymatic process in all eukaryotic organisms. It is involved in the conversion of glucose and other nutrients to fatty acyl (FA) chains, that cells use as building blocks for membranes, energy storage, and signaling molecules. Central to this multistep enzymatic process is the cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex (FASN) which in mammals produces, according to biochemical textbooks, primarily non-esterified palmitic acid (NEFA 16:0). The activity of FASN is commonly measured using a spectrophotometry-based assay that monitors the consumption of the reactant NADPH. This assay is indirect, can be biased by interfering processes that use NADPH, and cannot report the NEFA chain-length produced by FASN. To circumvent these analytical caveats, we developed a simple mass spectrometry-based assay that affords monitoring of FASN activity and its product-specificity. In this assay (i) purified FASN is incubated with 13C-labeled malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and NADPH, (ii) at defined time points the reaction mixture is spiked with an internal NEFA standard and extracted, and (iii) the extract is analyzed directly, without vacuum evaporation and chemical derivatization, by direct-infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. This assay supports essentially noise-free detection and absolute quantification of de novo synthetized 13C-labled NEFAs. We demonstrate the efficacy of our assay by determining the specific activity of purified cow FASN and show that in addition to the canonical NEFA 16:0 this enzyme also produces NEFA 12:0, 14:0, 18:0, and 20:0. We note that our assay is generic and can be carried out using commonly available high-resolution mass spectrometers with a resolving power as low as 95,000. We deem that our simple assay could be used as high-throughput screening technology for developing potent FASN inhibitors and for enzyme engineering aimed at modulating the activity and the product-landscape of fatty acid synthases.
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