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Hao P, Yang Z, So KF, Li X. A core scientific problem in the treatment of central nervous system diseases: newborn neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2588-2601. [PMID: 38595278 PMCID: PMC11168522 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons. Yet over recent decades, numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system, including humans'. This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant, and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury, and describe novel treatment strategies that target endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury. Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis, encompassing the activation, proliferation, ectopic migration, differentiation, and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells. Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment, most activated neural stem cells differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons. Consequently, the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function. Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies, including using neurotrophic factors, bioactive materials, and cell reprogramming techniques. Used alone or in combination, these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area, ensure their survival and differentiation into mature functional neurons, and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit. Thus can integration replenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury, by improving the local microenvironment. By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis, endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons. This offers a novel approach for treating central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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2
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Penning A, Snoeck S, Garritsen O, Tosoni G, Hof A, de Boer F, van Hasenbroek J, Zhang L, Thrupp N, Craessaerts K, Fiers M, Salta E. NACC2, a molecular effector of miR-132 regulation at the interface between adult neurogenesis and Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21163. [PMID: 39256511 PMCID: PMC11387632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of new neurons at the hippocampal neurogenic niche, known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), and its impairment, have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MicroRNA-132 (miR-132), the most consistently downregulated microRNA (miRNA) in AD, was recently identified as a potent regulator of AHN, exerting multilayered proneurogenic effects in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny. Supplementing miR-132 in AD mouse brain restores AHN and relevant memory deficits, yet the exact mechanisms involved are still unknown. Here, we identify NACC2 as a novel miR-132 target implicated in both AHN and AD. miR-132 deficiency in mouse hippocampus induces Nacc2 expression and inflammatory signaling in adult NSCs. We show that miR-132-dependent regulation of NACC2 is involved in the initial stages of human NSC differentiation towards astrocytes and neurons. Later, NACC2 function in astrocytic maturation becomes uncoupled from miR-132. We demonstrate that NACC2 is present in reactive astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques in mouse and human AD hippocampus, and that there is an anticorrelation between miR-132 and NACC2 levels in AD and upon induction of inflammation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms by which miR-132 regulates neurogenesis and cellular reactivity in AD, will provide valuable insights towards its possible application as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Penning
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Snoeck
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oxana Garritsen
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Tosoni
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber Hof
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur de Boer
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky Thrupp
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mark Fiers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Bonzano S, Dallorto E, Bovetti S, Studer M, De Marchis S. Mitochondrial regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Insights into neurological function and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106604. [PMID: 39002810 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential regulators of cellular energy metabolism and play a crucial role in the maintenance and function of neuronal cells. Studies in the last decade have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in adult neurogenesis, a process that significantly influences cognitive function and brain plasticity. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate adult neurogenesis, focusing on the impact of mitochondrial function on the behavior of neural stem/progenitor cells and the maturation and plasticity of newborn neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus. In addition, we explore the link between mitochondrial dysfunction, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and genes associated with cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, we provide insights into how alterations in the transcriptional regulator NR2F1 affect mitochondrial dynamics and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the emerging neurodevelopmental disorder Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS). Understanding how genes involved in embryonic and adult neurogenesis affect mitochondrial function in neurological diseases might open new directions for therapeutic interventions aimed at boosting mitochondrial function during postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy; Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy.
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4
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Friess D, Brauer S, Pöysti A, Choudhury C, Harris L. Tools to study neural and glioma stem cell quiescence. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:736-748. [PMID: 39191628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Quiescence is a prolonged but reversible state of cell-cycle arrest that is an adaptive feature of most adult stem cell populations. In the brain, quiescence helps to protect adult neural stem cells from stress and supports lifelong neurogenesis. Unfortunately however, entry into a quiescent or a slow-cycling state is also a malignant feature of brain cancer stem cells. In glioblastoma, where the process has been best characterised, quiescent glioma stem cells preferentially survive chemoradiation, and after therapy, reactivate to regrow the tumour and drive recurrence. In this Review, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo models that have been developed for studying neural stem cell quiescence and how these tools may be used to deepen biological understanding and to develop novel therapies targeting quiescent glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Friess
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brauer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Anni Pöysti
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Chandra Choudhury
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4067, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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5
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Chen X, Huang Y, Huang L, Huang Z, Hao ZZ, Xu L, Xu N, Li Z, Mou Y, Ye M, You R, Zhang X, Liu S, Miao Z. A brain cell atlas integrating single-cell transcriptomes across human brain regions. Nat Med 2024; 30:2679-2691. [PMID: 39095595 PMCID: PMC11405287 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
While single-cell technologies have greatly advanced our comprehension of human brain cell types and functions, studies including large numbers of donors and multiple brain regions are needed to extend our understanding of brain cell heterogeneity. Integrating atlas-level single-cell data presents a chance to reveal rare cell types and cellular heterogeneity across brain regions. Here we present the Brain Cell Atlas, a comprehensive reference atlas of brain cells, by assembling single-cell data from 70 human and 103 mouse studies of the brain throughout major developmental stages across brain regions, covering over 26.3 million cells or nuclei from both healthy and diseased tissues. Using machine-learning based algorithms, the Brain Cell Atlas provides a consensus cell type annotation, and it showcases the identification of putative neural progenitor cells and a cell subpopulation of PCDH9high microglia in the human brain. We demonstrate the gene regulatory difference of PCDH9high microglia between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and elucidate the cell-cell communication network. The Brain Cell Atlas presents an atlas-level integrative resource for comparing brain cells in different environments and conditions within the Human Cell Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangfeng Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziliang Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lahong Xu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonggao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingli Ye
- Tsinghua Fuzhou Institute for Data Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renke You
- Tsinghua Fuzhou Institute for Data Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division of BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhichao Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China.
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Cho TH, Kim M, Kim SH, Lee JE, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Hong JE, Yeo IS, Yang HM. Reconsidering Neurogenetic Indication in the Human Brain: Broad Expression of Doublecortin Transcript in the Hippocampal and Cortical Cell Populations. Cells Tissues Organs 2024; 213:382-389. [PMID: 39191219 PMCID: PMC11446342 DOI: 10.1159/000540976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurogenesis in the adult brain may play an important role in memory and cognition; however, knowledge of neurogenic markers in the human brain remains limited. We compared the single-nucleus transcriptome of the hippocampus with that of other cortical regions to identify hippocampus-specific neurogenic markers. METHODS We analyzed 26,189 nuclei from four human brains collected within 16 h of death. Clustering and annotation were performed to examine differential expression, gene ontology, and intercellular communication. DCX expression was validated by ddPCR. RESULTS Immature markers such as DCX, CALB2, NES, SOX2, PAX6, DPYSL3, and TUBB3 were expressed in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, with higher levels in the prefrontal cortex. ddPCR confirmed higher expression of DCX in the prefrontal cortex. DCX was involved in both neurogenesis and neuroprotection pathways. CONCLUSION Neurogenic markers are not definitive indicators of adult neurogenesis as their roles are more complex than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hyung Kim
- Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Eun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seung Yeo
- Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Mu Yang
- Translational Research Unit for Anatomy and Analgesia, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Surgical Anatomy Education Centre, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Alonso M, Petit AC, Lledo PM. The impact of adult neurogenesis on affective functions: of mice and men. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2527-2542. [PMID: 38499657 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In most mammals, new neurons are not only produced during embryogenesis but also after birth. Soon after adult neurogenesis was discovered, the influence of recruiting new neurons on cognitive functions, especially on memory, was documented. Likewise, the late process of neuronal production also contributes to affective functions, but this outcome was recognized with more difficulty. This review covers hypes and hopes of discovering the influence of newly-generated neurons on brain circuits devoted to affective functions. If the possibility of integrating new neurons into the adult brain is a commonly accepted faculty in the realm of mammals, the reluctance is strong when it comes to translating this concept to humans. Compiling data suggest now that new neurons are derived not only from stem cells, but also from a population of neuroblasts displaying a protracted maturation and ready to be engaged in adult brain circuits, under specific signals. Here, we discuss the significance of recruiting new neurons in the adult brain circuits, specifically in the context of affective outcomes. We also discuss the fact that adult neurogenesis could be the ultimate cellular process that integrates elements from both the internal and external environment to adjust brain functions. While we must be critical and beware of the unreal promises that Science could generate sometimes, it is important to continue exploring the potential of neural recruitment in adult primates. Reporting adult neurogenesis in humankind contributes to a new vision of humans as mammals whose brain continues to develop throughout life. This peculiar faculty could one day become the target of treatment for mental health, cognitive disorders, and elderly-associated diseases. The vision of an adult brain which never stops integrating new neurons is a real game changer for designing new therapeutic interventions to treat mental disorders associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and social costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alonso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Petit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Zhao R. Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 39049102 PMCID: PMC11271207 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is affected by multiple factors, such as enriched environment, exercise, ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders can impair AHN, leading to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Compelling evidence suggests that individuals engaged in regular exercise exhibit higher production of proteins that are essential for AHN and memory. Interestingly, specific molecules that mediate the effects of exercise have shown effectiveness in promoting AHN and cognition in different transgenic animal models. Despite these advancements, the precise mechanisms by which exercise mimetics induce AHN remain partially understood. Recently, some novel exercise molecules have been tested and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed, involving intercommunications between multiple organs such as muscle-brain crosstalk, liver-brain crosstalk, and gut-brain crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise mimetics on AHN and cognition in various neurological disorders. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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9
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Charou D, Rogdakis T, Latorrata A, Valcarcel M, Papadogiannis V, Athanasiou C, Tsengenes A, Papadopoulou MA, Lypitkas D, Lavigne MD, Katsila T, Wade RC, Cader MZ, Calogeropoulou T, Gravanis A, Charalampopoulos I. Comprehensive characterization of the neurogenic and neuroprotective action of a novel TrkB agonist using mouse and human stem cell models of Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:200. [PMID: 38971770 PMCID: PMC11227723 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation in the mammalian brain decreases to minimal levels postnatally. Nevertheless, neurogenic niches persist in the adult cortex and hippocampus in rodents, primates and humans, with adult NSC differentiation sharing key regulatory mechanisms with development. Adult neurogenesis impairments have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Addressing these impairments by using neurotrophic factors is a promising new avenue for therapeutic intervention based on neurogenesis. However, this possibility has been hindered by technical difficulties of using in-vivo models to conduct screens, including working with scarce NSCs in the adult brain and differences between human and mouse models or ethical limitations. METHODS Here, we use a combination of mouse and human stem cell models for comprehensive in-vitro characterization of a novel neurogenic compound, focusing on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway. The ability of ENT-A011, a steroidal dehydroepiandrosterone derivative, to activate the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor was tested through western blotting in NIH-3T3 cells and its neurogenic and neuroprotective action were assessed through proliferation, cell death and Amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity assays in mouse primary adult hippocampal NSCs, mouse embryonic cortical NSCs and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) differentiated from three human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from healthy and AD donors. RNA-seq profiling was used to assess if the compound acts through the same gene network as BDNF in human NPCs. RESULTS ENT-A011 was able to increase proliferation of mouse primary adult hippocampal NSCs and embryonic cortical NSCs, in the absence of EGF/FGF, while reducing Aβ-induced cell death, acting selectively through TrkB activation. The compound was able to increase astrocytic gene markers involved in NSC maintenance, protect hippocampal neurons from Αβ toxicity and prevent synapse loss after Aβ treatment. ENT-A011 successfully induces proliferation and prevents cell death after Aβ toxicity in human NPCs, acting through a core gene network shared with BDNF as shown through RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS Our work characterizes a novel BDNF mimetic with preferable pharmacological properties and neurogenic and neuroprotective actions in Alzheimer's disease via stem cell-based screening, demonstrating the promise of stem cell systems for short-listing competitive candidates for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Charou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thanasis Rogdakis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alessia Latorrata
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Valcarcel
- Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems SL (INNOPROT), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Vasileios Papadogiannis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Athanasiou
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandros Tsengenes
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Lypitkas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Matthieu D Lavigne
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
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10
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Zhang W, Sun HS, Wang X, Dumont AS, Liu Q. Cellular senescence, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:461-474. [PMID: 38729785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging may lead to low-level chronic inflammation that increases the susceptibility to age-related conditions, including memory impairment and progressive loss of brain volume. As brain health is essential to promoting healthspan and lifespan, it is vital to understand age-related changes in the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) that drive normal brain aging. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships, and hierarchical order of such changes and their impact on normal brain aging remain to be clarified. Here, we synthesize accumulating evidence that age-related DNA damage and cellular senescence in the immune system and CNS contribute to the escalation of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline during normal brain aging. Targeting cellular senescence and immune modulation may provide a logical rationale for developing new treatment options to restore immune homeostasis and counteract age-related brain dysfunction and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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11
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Liu R, Huang R, Gao Z, Tian L, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Lu C, Wu L. Lancao decoction alleviates cognitive dysfunction: A new therapeutic drug and its therapeutic mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155531. [PMID: 38492366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized primarily by the decline of learning and memory abilities. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of CD are very complex, which is mainly related to normal function of the hippocampus. Lancao decoction (LC) is a Chinese medicine formula, which has been used to treat neurodegenerative disorders. However, the potential of LC for the treatment of CD, as well as its underlying mechanisms, is unclear. PURPOSE In the study, we aimed to reveal the functional and neuronal mechanisms of LC's treatments for CD in scopolamine-induced mice. METHODS Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the stability of LC's extraction. CD model was established by the chronic induction of scopolamine (Scop, 1 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. Behavioral tests including morris water maze (MWM) and y-maze were used to evaluate learning and memory abilities of mice after LC's treatments. Immunofluorescence was used to detected the expressions of cFOS, Brdu and Ki67 after LC's treatments. Pharmacological blockade experiments explored the role of α-Amino-3‑hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in LC's treatments for CD and its relationships with regeneration, activities and differentiation of neurons. RESULTS The results showed that LC was capable of improving spatial learning and memory and spontaneous alternating abilities in Scop-induced mice, which was similar to donepezil. LC could increase the number of cFOS positive cells, which was used as a marker of neuronal activity to upregulate by neuronal activities in hippocampus, but donepezil did not. Moreover, LC could strengthen neurogenesis and neuro-differentiation by increasing the number of Brdu and Ki67 positive cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), meanwhile, donepezil could only enhance the number of Ki67 positive cells. Transient inhibition of AMPAR by NBQX blunted the function of LC's treatment for CD and inhibited the enhanced effect of LC on Scop-induced hippocampal neuronal excitability and neurogenesis in mice. CONCLUSION To sum up, our study demonstrated that LC had the function of treating CD by enhancing content of acetylcholine (ACh) to activate AMPAR, which further up-regulated neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation to strengthen neuroactivities in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China; College of Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders and School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders and School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Rumin Huang
- College of Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Liyuan Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Chao Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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12
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Boldrini M, Xiao Y, Sing T, Zhu C, Jabbi M, Pantazopoulos H, Gürsoy G, Martinowich K, Punzi G, Vallender EJ, Zody M, Berretta S, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Marenco S, Roussos P, Lewis DA, Turecki G, Lehner T, Mann JJ. Omics Approaches to Investigate the Pathogenesis of Suicide. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01352-0. [PMID: 38821194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in U.S. adolescents and young adults and is generally associated with a psychiatric disorder. Suicidal behavior has a complex etiology and pathogenesis. Moderate heritability suggests genetic causes. Associations between childhood and recent life adversity indicate contributions from epigenetic factors. Genomic contributions to suicide pathogenesis remain largely unknown. This article is based on a workshop held to design strategies to identify molecular drivers of suicide neurobiology that would be putative new treatment targets. The panel determined that while bulk tissue studies provide comprehensive information, single-nucleus approaches that identify cell type-specific changes are needed. While single-nuclei techniques lack information on cytoplasm, processes, spines, and synapses, spatial multiomic technologies on intact tissue detect cell alterations specific to brain tissue layers and subregions. Because suicide has genetic and environmental drivers, multiomic approaches that combine cell type-specific epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome provide a more complete picture of pathogenesis. To determine the direction of effect of suicide risk gene variants on RNA and protein expression and how these interact with epigenetic marks, single-nuclei and spatial multiomics quantitative trait loci maps should be integrated with whole-genome sequencing and genome-wide association databases. The workshop concluded with a recommendation for the formation of an international suicide biology consortium that will bring together brain banks and investigators with expertise in cutting-edge omics technologies to delineate the biology of suicide and identify novel potential treatment targets to be tested in cellular and animal models for drug and biomarker discovery to guide suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tarjinder Sing
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mbemba Jabbi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mulva Clinics for the Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gamze Gürsoy
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York; Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Giovanna Punzi
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric J Vallender
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Sabina Berretta
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) Division of Intramural Research Programs, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Panagiotis Roussos
- Center for Precision Medicine and Translational Therapeutics, Mental Illness Research Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - David A Lewis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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13
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Simard S, Matosin N, Mechawar N. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Human Brain: Updates, Challenges, and Perspectives. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241252581. [PMID: 38757781 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241252581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The existence of neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus has been under considerable debate within the past three decades due to the diverging conclusions originating mostly from immunohistochemistry studies. While some of these reports conclude that hippocampal neurogenesis in humans occurs throughout physiologic aging, others indicate that this phenomenon ends by early childhood. More recently, some groups have adopted next-generation sequencing technologies to characterize with more acuity the extent of this phenomenon in humans. Here, we review the current state of research on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the human brain with an emphasis on the challenges and limitations of using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing technologies for its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Simard
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Natalie Matosin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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14
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Cao Y, Liu P, Bian H, Jin S, Liu J, Yu N, Cui H, Sun F, Qian X, Qiu W, Ma C. Reduced neurogenesis in human hippocampus with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13225. [PMID: 38012054 PMCID: PMC11007046 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), essential for the plasticity of hippocampal structure and function, may be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between the changes in AHN and AD-related pathology in humans remains uncertain. By utilizing advanced immunostaining techniques, we could identify multiple biomarkers representing different stages of AHN in postmortem human hippocampal tissue that exhibited various AD-related neuropathological changes. In this study, we observed a significant presence of neurogenic cells in the hippocampus's dentate gyrus (DG) region in 30 individuals, including 14 individuals diagnosed with AD-related neuropathological changes and the remaining 16 individuals without any neurological diseases. Further investigation revealed that patients with AD exhibited pronounced astrogliosis and reduced neurogenesis. Specifically, the number of neuroblasts, immature and early mature granule cells decreased significantly as AD advanced. Although the number of neural stem cells (NSCs) remained unchanged in AD patients compared with mentally healthy individuals, they tended to be more quiescent state regulated by Notch and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. These abnormalities were strongly associated with the neuropathological alterations in AD patients. These research findings provide potential insights into the underlying mechanisms that underpin the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pan Liu
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongfei Bian
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Sixuan Jin
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ning Yu
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Huan Cui
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fengrun Sun
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojing Qian
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wenying Qiu
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chao Ma
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
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15
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Kaise T, Kageyama R. Transcriptional control of neural stem cell activity. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:617-626. [PMID: 38477464 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the adult brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) are under the control of various molecular mechanisms to produce an appropriate number of neurons that are essential for specific brain functions. Usually, the majority of adult NSCs stay in a non-proliferative and undifferentiated state known as quiescence, occasionally transitioning to an active state to produce newborn neurons. This transition between the quiescent and active states is crucial for the activity of NSCs. Another significant state of adult NSCs is senescence, in which quiescent cells become more dormant and less reactive, ceasing the production of newborn neurons. Although many genes involved in the regulation of NSCs have been identified using genetic manipulation and omics analyses, the entire regulatory network is complicated and ambiguous. In this review, we focus on transcription factors, whose importance has been elucidated in NSCs by knockout or overexpression studies. We mainly discuss the transcription factors with roles in the active, quiescent, and rejuvenation states of adult NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kaise
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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16
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Yao J, Dai S, Zhu R, Tan J, Zhao Q, Yin Y, Sun J, Du X, Ge L, Xu J, Hou C, Li N, Li J, Ji W, Zhu C, Zhang R, Li T. Deciphering molecular heterogeneity and dynamics of human hippocampal neural stem cells at different ages and injury states. eLife 2024; 12:RP89507. [PMID: 38607670 PMCID: PMC11014727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While accumulated publications support the existence of neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus, the homeostasis and developmental potentials of neural stem cells (NSCs) under different contexts remain unclear. Based on our generated single-nucleus atlas of the human hippocampus across neonatal, adult, aging, and injury, we dissected the molecular heterogeneity and transcriptional dynamics of human hippocampal NSCs under different contexts. We further identified new specific neurogenic lineage markers that overcome the lack of specificity found in some well-known markers. Based on developmental trajectory and molecular signatures, we found that a subset of NSCs exhibit quiescent properties after birth, and most NSCs become deep quiescence during aging. Furthermore, certain deep quiescent NSCs are reactivated following stroke injury. Together, our findings provide valuable insights into the development, aging, and reactivation of the human hippocampal NSCs, and help to explain why adult hippocampal neurogenesis is infrequently observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Shaoxing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Ran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Ju Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Yu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jiansen Sun
- Zhong-Zhi- Yi-Gu Research InstituteChongqingChina
| | - Xuewei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Longjiao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunli Hou
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Tianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
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17
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Shen Y, Shao M, Hao ZZ, Huang M, Xu N, Liu S. Multimodal Nature of the Single-cell Primate Brain Atlas: Morphology, Transcriptome, Electrophysiology, and Connectivity. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:517-532. [PMID: 38194157 PMCID: PMC11003949 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primates exhibit complex brain structures that augment cognitive function. The neocortex fulfills high-cognitive functions through billions of connected neurons. These neurons have distinct transcriptomic, morphological, and electrophysiological properties, and their connectivity principles vary. These features endow the primate brain atlas with a multimodal nature. The recent integration of next-generation sequencing with modified patch-clamp techniques is revolutionizing the way to census the primate neocortex, enabling a multimodal neuronal atlas to be established in great detail: (1) single-cell/single-nucleus RNA-seq technology establishes high-throughput transcriptomic references, covering all major transcriptomic cell types; (2) patch-seq links the morphological and electrophysiological features to the transcriptomic reference; (3) multicell patch-clamp delineates the principles of local connectivity. Here, we review the applications of these technologies in the primate neocortex and discuss the current advances and tentative gaps for a comprehensive understanding of the primate neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mingting Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Nana Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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18
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Alderman PJ, Saxon D, Torrijos-Saiz LI, Sharief M, Page CE, Baroudi JK, Biagiotti SW, Butyrkin VA, Melamed A, Kuo CT, Vicini S, García-Verdugo JM, Herranz-Pérez V, Corbin JG, Sorrells SF. Delayed maturation and migration of excitatory neurons in the juvenile mouse paralaminar amygdala. Neuron 2024; 112:574-592.e10. [PMID: 38086370 PMCID: PMC10922384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The human amygdala paralaminar nucleus (PL) contains many immature excitatory neurons that undergo prolonged maturation from birth to adulthood. We describe a previously unidentified homologous PL region in mice that contains immature excitatory neurons and has previously been considered part of the amygdala intercalated cell clusters or ventral endopiriform cortex. Mouse PL neurons are born embryonically, not from postnatal neurogenesis, despite a subset retaining immature molecular and morphological features in adults. During juvenile-adolescent ages (P21-P35), the majority of PL neurons undergo molecular, structural, and physiological maturation, and a subset of excitatory PL neurons migrate into the adjacent endopiriform cortex. Alongside these changes, PL neurons develop responses to aversive and appetitive olfactory stimuli. The presence of this homologous region in both humans and mice points to the significance of this conserved mechanism of neuronal maturation and migration during adolescence, a key time period for amygdala circuit maturation and related behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia J Alderman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David Saxon
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20011, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Lucía I Torrijos-Saiz
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Comparative Neurobiology, University of Valencia, CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Malaz Sharief
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Chloe E Page
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jude K Baroudi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sean W Biagiotti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Vladimir A Butyrkin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20011, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anna Melamed
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Chay T Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Jose M García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Comparative Neurobiology, University of Valencia, CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia 46980, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Comparative Neurobiology, University of Valencia, CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia 46980, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Joshua G Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20011, USA
| | - Shawn F Sorrells
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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19
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Xiang Q, Tao JS, Dong S, Liu XL, Yang L, Liu LN, Deng J, Li XH. Heterogeneity and synaptic plasticity analysis of hippocampus based on db -/- mice induced diabetic encephalopathy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106412. [PMID: 37898037 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia can cause changes in synaptic plasticity of hippocampal cells, which has accelerated the pathological process of cognitive dysfunction. However, the heterogeneity of the hippocampal cell populations under long term high glucose statement remains largely unknown. To mimic chronic hyperglycemia induced cognitive function deficit in vivo, db-/- diabetic mice was selected and Novel Object Recognition(NOR) behavior tests were performed. Based on diabetic induced cognitive impairment(CI) animal model, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed in the hippocampus of CI group (21,379 cells) or control group (20,045 cells), and single cell RNA sequencing was applied, and then the single cell atlas of gene expression was profiled. The comprehensive analysis explicated 18 nerve cell clusters, including 9 distinct sub-clusters, More in-depth analysis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) showed five distinct OPCs sub-clusters including expressing marker gene Lingo2-OPCs, Kcnc1-OPCs, Sst-OPCs, Slc6a1-OPCs and Lhfpl3-OPCs, which seems to be able to proliferate, migrate, and finally differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and produce myelin. To be noted, differentially expressed genes(DEGs) of the Sst-OPCs sub-cluster indicated that the genes participating in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, nervous system development and inflammatory process were up-regulated in diabetic induced cognitive impairment(DCI) groups compared to normal control groups. Integrating the data of neuroplasticity regulation, the 20th top-enriched biological process was associated with neuroplasticity regulation in CI groups compared to control groups. Among these neuroplasticity-related genes, the intersectional gene Sstr2 may play an important role in neuroplasticity regulation. Focused on neuroplasticity regulation and its related specific genes may provide potential new clues for the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with cognitive impairment. In summary, we showed the comprehensively transcriptional landscape of hippocampal cells in the db-/- diabetic mice with cognitive dysfunction, distinctive cell sub-clusters and the gene expression characteristics were identified, and also their special functions were proposed, which may give new clues and potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tao
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Ni Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jishou University, Hunan, China.
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20
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Davies MR, Greenberg Z, van Vuurden DG, Cross CB, Zannettino ACW, Bardy C, Wardill HR. More than a small adult brain: Lessons from chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment for modelling paediatric brain disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:229-247. [PMID: 37858741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood is recognised as a period of immense physical and emotional development, and this, in part, is driven by underlying neurophysiological transformations. These neurodevelopmental processes are unique to the paediatric brain and are facilitated by augmented rates of neuroplasticity and expanded neural stem cell populations within neurogenic niches. However, given the immaturity of the developing central nervous system, innate protective mechanisms such as neuroimmune and antioxidant responses are functionally naïve which results in periods of heightened sensitivity to neurotoxic insult. This is highly relevant in the context of paediatric cancer, and in particular, the neurocognitive symptoms associated with treatment, such as surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. The vulnerability of the developing brain may increase susceptibility to damage and persistent symptomology, aligning with reports of more severe neurocognitive dysfunction in children compared to adults. It is therefore surprising, given this intensified neurocognitive burden, that most of the pre-clinical, mechanistic research focuses exclusively on adult populations and extrapolates findings to paediatric cohorts. Given this dearth of age-specific research, throughout this review we will draw comparisons with neurodevelopmental disorders which share comparable pathways to cancer treatment related side-effects. Furthermore, we will examine the unique nuances of the paediatric brain along with the somatic systems which influence neurological function. In doing so, we will highlight the importance of developing in vitro and in vivo paediatric disease models to produce age-specific discovery and clinically translatable research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R Davies
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Zarina Greenberg
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory of Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the weNetherlands
| | - Courtney B Cross
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cedric Bardy
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory of Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Xu C, Prete M, Webb S, Jardine L, Stewart BJ, Hoo R, He P, Meyer KB, Teichmann SA. Automatic cell-type harmonization and integration across Human Cell Atlas datasets. Cell 2023; 186:5876-5891.e20. [PMID: 38134877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Harmonizing cell types across the single-cell community and assembling them into a common framework is central to building a standardized Human Cell Atlas. Here, we present CellHint, a predictive clustering tree-based tool to resolve cell-type differences in annotation resolution and technical biases across datasets. CellHint accurately quantifies cell-cell transcriptomic similarities and places cell types into a relationship graph that hierarchically defines shared and unique cell subtypes. Application to multiple immune datasets recapitulates expert-curated annotations. CellHint also reveals underexplored relationships between healthy and diseased lung cell states in eight diseases. Furthermore, we present a workflow for fast cross-dataset integration guided by harmonized cell types and cell hierarchy, which uncovers underappreciated cell types in adult human hippocampus. Finally, we apply CellHint to 12 tissues from 38 datasets, providing a deeply curated cross-tissue database with ∼3.7 million cells and various machine learning models for automatic cell annotation across human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Simone Webb
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Regina Hoo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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22
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Luo X, Xu M, Guo W. Adult neurogenesis research in China. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:534-545. [PMID: 37899611 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are multipotent stem cells that generate functional newborn neurons through a process called neurogenesis. Neurogenesis in the adult brain is tightly regulated and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of brain function. Disruption of adult neurogenesis impairs cognitive function and is correlated with numerous neurologic disorders. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis not only advances our understanding of how the brain functions, but also offers new insight into neurologic diseases and potentially contributes to the development of effective treatments. The field of adult neurogenesis is experiencing significant growth in China. Chinese researchers have demonstrated a multitude of factors governing adult neurogenesis and revealed the underlying mechanisms of and correlations between adult neurogenesis and neurologic disorders. Here, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of adult neurogenesis due to Chinese scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Morselli M, Bennett R, Shaidani NI, Horb M, Peshkin L, Pellegrini M. Age-associated DNA methylation changes in Xenopus frogs. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2201517. [PMID: 37092296 PMCID: PMC10128463 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2201517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes in DNA methylation have been characterized across various animals, but not yet in amphibians, which are of particular interest because they include widely studied model organisms. In this study, we present clear evidence that the aquatic vertebrate species Xenopus tropicalis displays patterns of age-associated changes in DNA methylation. We have generated whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) profiles from skin samples of nine frogs representing young, mature, and old adults and characterized the gene- and chromosome-scale DNA methylation changes with age. Many of the methylation features and changes we observe are consistent with what is known in mammalian species, suggesting that the mechanism of age-related changes is conserved. Moreover, we selected a few thousand age-associated CpG sites to build an assay based on targeted DNA methylation analysis (TBSseq) to expand our findings in future studies involving larger cohorts of individuals. Preliminary results of a pilot TBSeq experiment recapitulate the findings obtained with WGBS setting the basis for the development of an epigenetic clock assay. The results of this study will allow us to leverage the unique resources available for Xenopus to study how DNA methylation relates to other hallmarks of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morselli
- Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronan Bennett
- Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikko-Ideen Shaidani
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Marko Horb
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Zanirati G, Shetty PA, Shetty AK. Neural stem cells persist to generate new neurons in the hippocampus of adult and aged human brain - Fiction or accurate? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102133. [PMID: 38000512 PMCID: PMC10843673 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, comprising the generation, differentiation and integration of new neurons in the mature brain, has emerged as a dynamic area of research over decades. The discovery of adult neurogenesis was a paradigm shift to comprehend mechanisms underlying brain plasticity, cognitive function, and neurological disorders. This review deliberates significant findings from articles published over four decades on adult neurogenesis, highlighting key milestones, methodological advances, and controversies that have shaped our comprehension of the phenomenon of adult neurogenesis. Early skepticism gave way to a rich body of evidence via various reliable approaches. Studies on neurogenic niches, microenvironmental factors, molecular regulators, and functional implications have uncovered the involvement of adult neurogenesis in learning, memory, mood, and even neurological and neurodegenerative conditions. Despite significant progress, several questions still need to be answered, including the exact contributions of new neurons to brain function, their integration into existing circuits, and the impact of enhancing adult neurogenesis in the human hippocampus. While the existence of robust neurogenesis in the adult and aged human hippocampus is yet to be confirmed, this review highlights evidence from a significant number of studies supporting the persistence of hippocampal neurogenesis during adulthood and aging in humans, including in some neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, additional large-scale studies using single cell-RNA-seq, single nucleus-RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics are critical to validate the presence and contribution of hippocampal neurogenesis in the pathophysiology of various neurological and neurodegenerative conditions at different stages of the disease. There is also a need to develop standardized protocols for analyzing postmortem hippocampal tissues for cellular and molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Zanirati
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Padmashri A Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
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25
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Berdugo‐Vega G, Dhingra S, Calegari F. Sharpening the blades of the dentate gyrus: how adult-born neurons differentially modulate diverse aspects of hippocampal learning and memory. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113524. [PMID: 37743770 PMCID: PMC11059975 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above-mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into "supra-pyramidal" and "infra-pyramidal". Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Berdugo‐Vega
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Shonali Dhingra
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Federico Calegari
- CRTD‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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26
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Zhang R, Quan H, Wang Y, Luo F. Neurogenesis in primates versus rodents and the value of non-human primate models. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad248. [PMID: 38025664 PMCID: PMC10659238 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the process of generating neurons from neural stem cells, occurs during both embryonic and adult stages, with each stage possessing distinct characteristics. Dysfunction in either stage can disrupt normal neural development, impair cognitive functions, and lead to various neurological disorders. Recent technological advancements in single-cell multiomics and gene-editing have facilitated investigations into primate neurogenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of neurogenesis across rodents, non-human primates, and humans, covering embryonic development to adulthood and focusing on the conservation and diversity among species. While non-human primates, especially monkeys, serve as valuable models with closer neural resemblance to humans, we highlight the potential impacts and limitations of non-human primate models on both physiological and pathological neurogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongxin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fucheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
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27
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Gu Y, Ge S. Hypothalamic-Modified New Hippocampal Neurons for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1735-1737. [PMID: 37414984 PMCID: PMC10602973 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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28
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Mendez-David I, David DJ, Deloménie C, Tritschler L, Beaulieu JM, Colle R, Corruble E, Gardier AM, Hen R. A complex relation between levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of the immature neuron marker doublecortin. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1075-1093. [PMID: 37421207 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine on behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). After confirming our earlier report that the signaling molecule β-arrestin-2 (β-Arr2) is required for the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine, we found that the effects of fluoxetine on proliferation of neural progenitors and survival of adult-born granule cells are absent in the β-Arr2 knockout (KO) mice. To our surprise, fluoxetine induced a dramatic upregulation of the number of doublecortin (DCX)-expressing cells in the β-Arr2 KO mice, indicating that this marker can be increased even though AHN is not. We discovered two other conditions where a complex relationship occurs between the number of DCX-expressing cells compared to levels of AHN: a chronic antidepressant model where DCX is upregulated and an inflammation model where DCX is downregulated. We concluded that assessing the number of DCX-expressing cells alone to quantify levels of AHN can be complex and that caution should be applied when label retention techniques are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Mendez-David
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team Moods, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Denis Joseph David
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team Moods, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claudine Deloménie
- UMS-IPSIT ACTAGen, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Tritschler
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team Moods, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Martin Beaulieu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romain Colle
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Alain Michel Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team Moods, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Gallardo-Caballero M, Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Álvarez-Méndez L, Terreros-Roncal J, Flor-García M, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Prolonged fixation and post-mortem delay impede the study of adult neurogenesis in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:978. [PMID: 37741930 PMCID: PMC10517969 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) gives rise to new neurons throughout life. This phenomenon takes place in more than 120 mammalian species, including humans, yet its occurrence in the latter was questioned after one study proposed the putative absence of neurogenesis markers in the adult human hippocampus. In this regard, we showed that prolonged fixation impedes the visualization of Doublecortin+ immature neurons in this structure, whereas other authors have suggested that a dilated post-mortem delay (PMD) underlies these discrepancies. Nevertheless, the individual and/or additive contribution of fixation and the PMD to the detection (or lack thereof) of other AHN markers has not been studied to date. To address this pivotal question, we used a tightly controlled experimental design in mice, which allowed the dissection of the relative contribution of the aforementioned factors to the visualization of markers of individual AHN stages. Fixation time emerged as the most prominent factor globally impeding the study of this process in mice. Moreover, the visualization of other particularly sensitive epitopes was further prevented by prolonged PMD. These results are crucial to disambiguate current controversies related to the occurrence of AHN not only in humans but also in other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallardo-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Álvarez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Zhang L, Yang Q, Yuan R, Li M, Lv M, Zhang L, Xie X, Liang W, Chen X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic mapping of blast-induced traumatic brain injury in mice hippocampus. Sci Data 2023; 10:638. [PMID: 37730716 PMCID: PMC10511629 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a significant type of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) frequently results in severe neurological and psychological impairments. Due to its unique mechanistic and clinical features, bTBI presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges compared to other TBI forms. The hippocampus, an important site for secondary injury of bTBI, serves as a key niche for neural regeneration and repair post-injury, and is closely associated with the neurological outcomes of bTBI patients. Nonetheless, the pathophysiological alterations of hippocampus underpinning bTBI remain enigmatic, and a corresponding transcriptomic dataset for research reference is yet to be established. In this investigation, the single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) technique was employed to sequence individual hippocampal nuclei of mice from bTBI and sham group. Upon stringent quality control, gene expression data from 17,278 nuclei were obtained, with the dataset's reliability substantiated through various analytical methods. This dataset holds considerable potential for exploring secondary hippocampal injury and neurogenesis mechanisms following bTBI, with important reference value for the identification of specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets for bTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiuyun Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruixuan Yuan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manrui Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meili Lv
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiameng Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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31
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Bao J, Yang S. ScRNA analysis and ferroptosis-related ceRNA regulatory network investigation in microglia cells at different time points after spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:701. [PMID: 37726826 PMCID: PMC10507978 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are usually caused by mechanical trauma that leads to serious physical and psychological damage to the patient as well as a huge economic burden to the whole society. The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries have become a major issue for the medical community today due to the enormous social and economic expenditure induced via spinal cord injuries. Therefore, in-depth research into SCI is necessary. Microglia have been shown to be the key player in the immune inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, but the mechanisms of immune regulation at different time points after spinal cord injury remain unclear. To investigate the inflammatory biomarkers associated with microglia at different time points after SCI, we downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse spinal cords 3- and 14-days after the injury and identified subpopulations associated with microglia. Further functional enrichment analysis also confirmed that microglia are associated with immune system regulation at different time points and that both can modulate cytokine production. As ferroptosis is a newly identified non-apoptotic programmed cell death, microglia establish a bridge between ferroptosis and CNS inflammation and may play an important role in spinal cord injury. We then screened for genes differentially expressed in microglia during 3- and 14-days after spinal cord injury and associated with iron death, named Stmn1 and Fgfbr1, respectively, and verified that these pivotal genes are closely related to the immune cells. Finally, we also screened for drug fractions associated with these pivotal genes. Our results predict key genes in the immune inflammatory process associated with microglia at different time points after spinal cord injury at the single-cell level and provide a molecular basis for better treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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32
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Ogushi K, Yokobori T, Nobusawa S, Shirakura T, Hirato J, Erkhem-Ochir B, Okami H, Dorjkhorloo G, Nishi A, Suzuki M, Otake S, Saeki H, Shirabe K. High Tumoral STMN1 Expression Is Associated with Malignant Potential and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4482. [PMID: 37760452 PMCID: PMC10526320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stathmin 1 (STMN1), a marker for immature neurons and tumors, controls microtubule dynamics by destabilizing tubulin. It plays an essential role in cancer progression and indicates poor prognosis in several cancers. This potential protein has not been clarified in clinical patients with neuroblastoma. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical significance and STMN1 function in neuroblastoma with and without MYCN amplification. METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, STMN1 expression was examined in 81 neuroblastoma samples. Functional analysis revealed the association among STMN1 suppression, cellular viability, and endogenous or exogenous MYCN expression in neuroblastoma cell lines. RESULT High levels of STMN1 expression were associated with malignant potential, proliferation potency, and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. STMN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, STMN1 knockdown inhibited neuroblastoma cell growth regardless of endogenous and exogenous MYCN overexpression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that assessing STMN1 expression in neuroblastoma could be a powerful indicator of prognosis and that STMN1 might be a promising therapeutic candidate against refractory neuroblastoma with and without MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ogushi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Takahiro Shirakura
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Pathology, Public Tomioka General Hospital, Tomioka 370-2393, Japan;
| | - Bilguun Erkhem-Ochir
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Haruka Okami
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Gendensuren Dorjkhorloo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Akira Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Gunma Children’s Medical Center, Shibukawa 377-8577, Japan;
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka 028-3695, Japan
| | - Sayaka Otake
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (K.O.); (H.O.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
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Zhang SQ, Deng Q, Zhu Q, Hu ZL, Long LH, Wu PF, He JG, Chen HS, Yue Z, Lu JH, Wang F, Chen JG. Cell type-specific NRBF2 orchestrates autophagic flux and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic stress-induced depression. Cell Discov 2023; 9:90. [PMID: 37644025 PMCID: PMC10465581 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) each contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether dysfunctional autophagy is linked to aberrant AHN underlying MDD remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the expression of nuclear receptor binding factor 2 (NRBF2), a component of autophagy-associated PIK3C3/VPS34-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, is attenuated in the dentate gyrus (DG) under chronic stress. NRBF2 deficiency inhibits the activity of the VPS34 complex and impairs autophagic flux in adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). Moreover, loss of NRBF2 disrupts the neurogenesis-related protein network and causes exhaustion of aNSC pool, leading to the depression-like phenotype. Strikingly, overexpressing NRBF2 in aNSCs of the DG is sufficient to rescue impaired AHN and depression-like phenotype of mice. Our findings reveal a significant role of NRBF2-dependent autophagy in preventing chronic stress-induced AHN impairment and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting NRBF2 in MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Organismal aging exhibits wide-ranging hallmarks in divergent cell types across tissues, organs, and systems. The advancement of single-cell technologies and generation of rich datasets have afforded the scientific community the opportunity to decode these hallmarks of aging at an unprecedented scope and resolution. In this review, we describe the technological advancements and bioinformatic methodologies enabling data interpretation at the cellular level. Then, we outline the application of such technologies for decoding aging hallmarks and potential intervention targets and summarize common themes and context-specific molecular features in representative organ systems across the body. Finally, we provide a brief summary of available databases relevant for aging research and present an outlook on the opportunities in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ,
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China;
| | - Yusheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ,
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhejun Ji
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ,
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Rieskamp JD, Rosado-Burgos I, Christofi JE, Ansar E, Einstein D, Walters AE, Valentini V, Bruno JP, Kirby ED. Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 supports adult hippocampal neural stem cell self-renewal. iScience 2023; 26:107068. [PMID: 37534178 PMCID: PMC10391730 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the adult mammalian dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, glutamate stimulates neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewing proliferation, providing a link between adult neurogenesis and local circuit activity. Here, we show that glutamate-induced self-renewal of adult DG NSCs requires glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) to stimulate lipogenesis. Loss of EAAT1 prevented glutamate-induced self-renewing proliferation of NSCs in vitro and in vivo, with little role evident for canonical glutamate receptors. Transcriptomics and further pathway manipulation revealed that glutamate simulation of NSCs relied on EAAT1 transport-stimulated lipogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a critical, direct role for EAAT1 in stimulating NSCs to support neurogenesis in adulthood, thereby providing insights into a non-canonical mechanism by which NSCs sense and respond to their niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Rieskamp
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Jacob E. Christofi
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eliza Ansar
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dalia Einstein
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashley E. Walters
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Valentina Valentini
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - John P. Bruno
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Kirby
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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36
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Tosoni G, Ayyildiz D, Bryois J, Macnair W, Fitzsimons CP, Lucassen PJ, Salta E. Mapping human adult hippocampal neurogenesis with single-cell transcriptomics: Reconciling controversy or fueling the debate? Neuron 2023; 111:1714-1731.e3. [PMID: 37015226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The notion of exploiting the regenerative potential of the human brain in physiological aging or neurological diseases represents a particularly attractive alternative to conventional strategies for enhancing or restoring brain function. However, a major first question to address is whether the human brain does possess the ability to regenerate. The existence of human adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has been at the center of a fierce scientific debate for many years. The advent of single-cell transcriptomic technologies was initially viewed as a panacea to resolving this controversy. However, recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies in the human hippocampus yielded conflicting results. Here, we critically discuss and re-analyze previously published AHN-related single-cell transcriptomic datasets. We argue that, although promising, the single-cell transcriptomic profiling of AHN in the human brain can be confounded by methodological, conceptual, and biological factors that need to be consistently addressed across studies and openly discussed within the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Tosoni
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dilara Ayyildiz
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Bryois
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Will Macnair
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Meng H, Li Q, Wang J, Yue W, Zhang D, Sun X, Wang L, Li J. The expansion of newborn neurons in hippocampus improves social recognition deficit in a mouse model of autism. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1162179. [PMID: 37215664 PMCID: PMC10196005 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1162179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core symptoms of impaired social interaction and communication. The pathological mechanism and treatment are not clear and need further study. Our previous study found that the deletion of high-risk gene Autism Susceptibility 2 (AUTS2) in mice led to dentate gyrus (DG) hypoplasia that highly associated with impaired social novelty recognition. Here we aim to improve the social deficit through increasing the neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and expanding the newborn granule neurons in DG. Methods Three approaches including repeated oxytocin administration, feeding in enriched environment and overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4)-CyclinD1 complex in DG neural stem cells (NSCs) at the post-weaning stage were conducted. Results We found that the number of EdU labeled proliferative NSCs or retrovirus labeled newborn neurons was significantly increased after manipulations. The social recognition deficit was also significantly improved. Discussion Our findings suggested a possible strategy to restore the social deficit through expansion of newborn neurons in hippocampus, which might provide a new insight into the treatment of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Meng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Qiongwei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Denninger JK, Miller LN, Walters AE, Hosawi M, Sebring G, Rieskamp JD, Ding T, Rindani R, Chen KS, Senthilvelan S, Volk A, Zhao F, Askwith C, Kirby ED. Neural stem and progenitor cells support and protect adult hippocampal function via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.537801. [PMID: 37163097 PMCID: PMC10168272 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.537801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) reside in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus throughout the lifespan of most mammalian species. In addition to generating new neurons, NSPCs may alter their niche via secretion of growth factors and cytokines. We recently showed that adult DG NSPCs secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is critical for maintaining adult neurogenesis. Here, we asked whether NSPC-derived VEGF alters hippocampal function independent of adult neurogenesis. We found that loss of NSPC-derived VEGF acutely impaired hippocampal memory, caused neuronal hyperexcitability and exacerbated excitotoxic injury. We also found that NSPCs generate substantial proportions of total DG VEGF and VEGF disperses broadly throughout the DG, both of which help explain how this anatomically-restricted cell population could modulate function broadly. These findings suggest that NSPCs actively support and protect DG function via secreted VEGF, thereby providing a non-neurogenic functional dimension to endogenous NSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa N. Miller
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley E. Walters
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Manal Hosawi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sebring
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Tianli Ding
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raina Rindani
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Current affiliation: UC Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly S. Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Abigail Volk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Kirby
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Li YD, Luo YJ, Xie L, Tart DS, Sheehy RN, Zhang L, Coleman LG, Chen X, Song J. Activation of hypothalamic-enhanced adult-born neurons restores cognitive and affective function in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:415-432.e6. [PMID: 37028406 PMCID: PMC10150940 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit progressive memory loss, depression, and anxiety, accompanied by impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Whether AHN can be enhanced in impaired AD brain to restore cognitive and affective function remains elusive. Here, we report that patterned optogenetic stimulation of the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) enhances AHN in two distinct AD mouse models, 5×FAD and 3×Tg-AD. Strikingly, the chemogenetic activation of SuM-enhanced adult-born neurons (ABNs) rescues memory and emotion deficits in these AD mice. By contrast, SuM stimulation alone or activation of ABNs without SuM modification fails to restore behavioral deficits. Furthermore, quantitative phosphoproteomics analyses reveal activation of the canonical pathways related to synaptic plasticity and microglia phagocytosis of plaques following acute chemogenetic activation of SuM-enhanced (vs. control) ABNs. Our study establishes the activity-dependent contribution of SuM-enhanced ABNs in modulating AD-related deficits and informs signaling mechanisms mediated by the activation of SuM-enhanced ABNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dalton S Tart
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan N Sheehy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Pharmacology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Terreros-Roncal J, Flor-García M, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Márquez-Valadez B, Gallardo-Caballero M, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Methods to study adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans and across the phylogeny. Hippocampus 2023; 33:271-306. [PMID: 36259116 PMCID: PMC7614361 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus hosts the continuous addition of new neurons throughout life-a phenomenon named adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Here we revisit the occurrence of AHN in more than 110 mammalian species, including humans, and discuss the further validation of these data by single-cell RNAseq and other alternative techniques. In this regard, our recent studies have addressed the long-standing controversy in the field, namely whether cells positive for AHN markers are present in the adult human dentate gyrus (DG). Here we review how we developed a tightly controlled methodology, based on the use of high-quality brain samples (characterized by short postmortem delays and ≤24 h of fixation in freshly prepared 4% paraformaldehyde), to address human AHN. We review that the detection of AHN markers in samples fixed for 24 h required mild antigen retrieval and chemical elimination of autofluorescence. However, these steps were not necessary for samples subjected to shorter fixation periods. Moreover, the detection of labile epitopes (such as Nestin) in the human hippocampus required the use of mild detergents. The application of this strictly controlled methodology allowed reconstruction of the entire AHN process, thus revealing the presence of neural stem cells, proliferative progenitors, neuroblasts, and immature neurons at distinct stages of differentiation in the human DG. The data reviewed here demonstrate that methodology is of utmost importance when studying AHN by means of distinct techniques across the phylogenetic scale. In this regard, we summarize the major findings made by our group that emphasize that overlooking fundamental technical principles might have consequences for any given research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berenice Márquez-Valadez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gallardo-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Neuropathology Department, CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Chang C, Zuo H, Li Y. Recent advances in deciphering hippocampus complexity using single-cell transcriptomics. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106062. [PMID: 36878328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq) technologies have emerged as revolutionary and powerful tools, which have helped in achieving significant progress in biomedical research over the last decade. scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq resolve heterogeneous cell populations from different tissues and help reveal the function and dynamics at the single-cell level. The hippocampus is an essential component for cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and emotion regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of hippocampus have not been fully elucidated. The development of scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq technologies provides strong support for attaining an in-depth understanding of hippocampal cell types and gene expression regulation from the single-cell transcriptome profiling perspective. This review summarizes the applications of scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq in the hippocampus to further expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to hippocampal development, health, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Chang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Li YD, Luo YJ, Song J. Optimizing memory performance and emotional states: multi-level enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102693. [PMID: 36822141 PMCID: PMC10023407 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays a key role in modulating memory and emotion processing. A fundamental question remains on how to effectively modulate AHN to improve hippocampal function. Here, we review recent work on how distinct aspects of hippocampal neurogenesis, including the number, maturation state, and activity of adult-born neurons (ABNs), contribute to overall hippocampal function. We propose multi-level enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis with the combination of increased number, elevated activity, and enhanced maturation of ABNs as a potential strategy to optimize overall hippocampal performance. In addition, integration of ABNs induces significant remodeling of the local hippocampal circuits, which may in turn modulates brain-wide network dynamics. We discuss recent progress on how integration of ABNs contributes to local hippocampal circuit and brain-wide network dynamics during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. https://twitter.com/yadlee2
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Salta E, Lazarov O, Fitzsimons CP, Tanzi R, Lucassen PJ, Choi SH. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease: A roadmap to clinical relevance. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:120-136. [PMID: 36736288 PMCID: PMC10082636 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) drops sharply during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), via unknown mechanisms, and correlates with cognitive status in AD patients. Understanding AHN regulation in AD could provide a framework for innovative pharmacological interventions. We here combine molecular, behavioral, and clinical data and critically discuss the multicellular complexity of the AHN niche in relation to AD pathophysiology. We further present a roadmap toward a better understanding of the role of AHN in AD by probing the promises and caveats of the latest technological advancements in the field and addressing the conceptual and methodological challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, McCance Center for Brain Health, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 404, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, McCance Center for Brain Health, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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Tsujioka H, Yamashita T. Utilization of ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase as a unique astrocytic marker. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1097512. [PMID: 36794261 PMCID: PMC9922850 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1097512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play diverse roles in the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies have identified many markers of astrocytes to analyze their complicated roles. Recently, closure of the critical period by mature astrocytes has been revealed, and the need for finding mature astrocyte-specific markers has been growing. We previously found that Ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase (Etnppl) was almost not expressed in the developing neonatal spinal cord, and its expression level slightly decreased after pyramidotomy in adult mice, which showed weak axonal sprouting, suggesting that its expression level negatively correlates with axonal elongation. Although the expression of Etnppl in astrocytes in adult is known, its utility as an astrocytic marker has not yet been investigated in detail. Here, we showed that Etnppl was selectively expressed in astrocytes in adult. Re-analyses using published RNA-sequencing datasets revealed changes in Etnppl expression in spinal cord injury, stroke, or systemic inflammation models. We produced high-quality monoclonal antibodies against ETNPPL and characterized ETNPPL localization in neonatal and adult mice. Expression of ETNPPL was very weak in neonatal mice, except in the ventricular and subventricular zones, and it was heterogeneously expressed in adult mice, with the highest expression in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and hypothalamus and the lowest in white matter. Subcellular localization of ETNPPL was dominant in the nuclei with weak expression in the cytosol in the minor population. Using the antibody, astrocytes in adult were selectively labeled in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord, and changes in astrocytes were detected in the spinal cord after pyramidotomy. ETNPPL is expressed in a subset of Gjb6 + astrocytes in the spinal cord. The monoclonal antibodies we created, as well as fundamental knowledge characterized in this study, will be valuable resources in the scientific community and will expand our understanding of astrocytes and their complicated responses in many pathological conditions in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsujioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,*Correspondence: Hiroshi Tsujioka,
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Toshihide Yamashita,
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Cao M, Deng Y, Deng Y, Wu J, Yang C, Wang Z, Hou Q, Fu H, Ren Z, Xia X, Li Y, Wang W, Xu H, Liao X, Shu Y. Characterization of immature ovarian teratomas through single-cell transcriptome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131814. [PMID: 36936909 PMCID: PMC10020330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immature ovarian teratomas are a type of malignant germ cell tumor composed of complicated cell types and are characterized by pathological features of immature neuroectodermal tubules/rosettes. However, there is a lack of understanding of patient-derived immature ovarian teratomas (PDT) at the single cell level. Moreover, whether stem cell lines derived from immature teratomas (CDT) can be used as models for research on PDT remains to be elucidated. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and subsequent bioinformatic analysis was performed on three patient-derived immature ovarian teratomas (PDT) samples to reveal the heterogeneity, evolution trajectory, and cell communication within the tumor microenvironment of PDT. Validations were conducted in additional seven samples through multiplex immunofluorescence. Result A total of qualified 22,153 cells were obtained and divided into 28 clusters, which can match to the scRNA-seq annotation of CDT as well as human fetal Cell Atlas, but with higher heterogeneity and more prolific cell-cell crosstalk. Radial glia cells (tagged by SOX2) and immature neuron (tagged by DCX) exhibited mutually exclusive expression and differentiated along distinct evolutionary trajectory from cycling neural progenitors. Proportions of these neuroectodermal cell subtypes may play important roles in PDT through contributing to the internal heterogeneity of PDTs. Moreover, the immune cells in PDTs were infiltrated rather than teratoma-derived, with more abundant macrophage in immature neuron than those in radial glia cells, and the infiltrated macrophage subtypes (i.e., M1 and M2) were significantly correlated to clinical grade. Overall, suppressed evolution process and transcriptome regulation in neuroectodermal cells, reduced cell-cell crosstalk, higher M1/M2 proportion ratio, and enhanced T cell effects in tumor microenvironment are enriched in patients with favorable prognosis. Discussion This study provides a comprehensive profile of PDT at the single cell level, shedding light on the heterogeneity and evolution of neuroectodermal cells within PDTs and the role of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Also, our findings highlight the potential usage of CDTs as a model for research on PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiqi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huancheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuyang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Shu, ; Xin Liao, ; Heng Xu,
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Shu, ; Xin Liao, ; Heng Xu,
| | - Yang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Shu, ; Xin Liao, ; Heng Xu,
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Wolter JM, Le BD, Matoba N, Lafferty MJ, Aygün N, Liang D, Courtney K, Song J, Piven J, Zylka MJ, Stein JL. Cellular Genome-wide Association Study Identifies Common Genetic Variation Influencing Lithium-Induced Neural Progenitor Proliferation. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:8-17. [PMID: 36307327 PMCID: PMC9982734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric condition affecting more than 1% of the human population. Lithium salts are commonly prescribed as a mood stabilizer for individuals with bipolar disorder. Lithium is clinically effective in approximately half of treated individuals, and their genetic backgrounds are known to influence treatment outcomes. While the mechanism of lithium's therapeutic action is unclear, it stimulates adult neural progenitor cell proliferation, similar to some antidepressant drugs. METHODS To identify common genetic variants that modulate lithium-induced proliferation, we conducted an EdU incorporation assay in a library of 80 genotyped human neural progenitor cells treated with lithium. These data were used to perform a genome-wide association study to identify common genetic variants that influence lithium-induced neural progenitor cell proliferation. We manipulated the expression of a putatively causal gene using CRISPRi/a (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference/activation) constructs to experimentally verify lithium-induced proliferation effects. RESULTS We identified a locus on chr3p21.1 associated with lithium-induced proliferation. This locus is also associated with bipolar disorder risk, schizophrenia risk, and interindividual differences in intelligence. We identified a single gene, GNL3, whose expression temporally increased in an allele-specific fashion following lithium treatment. Experimentally increasing the expression of GNL3 led to increased proliferation under baseline conditions, while experimentally decreasing GNL3 expression suppressed lithium-induced proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments reveal that common genetic variation modulates lithium-induced neural progenitor proliferation and that GNL3 expression is necessary for the full proliferation-stimulating effects of lithium. These results suggest that performing genome-wide associations in genetically diverse human cell lines is a useful approach to discover context-specific pharmacogenomic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Wolter
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brandon D Le
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nana Matoba
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Lafferty
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nil Aygün
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dan Liang
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kenan Courtney
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Juan Song
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mark J Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason L Stein
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Fan H, Duan H, Hao P, Gao Y, Zhao W, Hao F, Li X, Yang Z. Cellular regeneration treatments for traumatic brain injury. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kot M, Neglur PK, Pietraszewska A, Buzanska L. Boosting Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus Using Antidepressants and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203234. [PMID: 36291101 PMCID: PMC9600461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the few privileged regions (neural stem cell niche) of the brain, where neural stem cells differentiate into new neurons throughout adulthood. However, dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis with aging, injury, depression and neurodegenerative disease leads to debilitating cognitive impacts. These debilitating symptoms deteriorate the quality of life in the afflicted individuals. Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis is especially difficult to rescue with increasing age and neurodegeneration. However, the potential to boost endogenous Wnt signaling by influencing pathway modulators such as receptors, agonists, and antagonists through drug and cell therapy-based interventions offers hope. Restoration and augmentation of hampered Wnt signaling to facilitate increased hippocampal neurogenesis would serve as an endogenous repair mechanism and contribute to hippocampal structural and functional plasticity. This review focuses on the possible interaction between neurogenesis and Wnt signaling under the control of antidepressants and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to overcome debilitating symptoms caused by age, diseases, or environmental factors such as stress. It will also address some current limitations hindering the direct extrapolation of research from animal models to human application, and the technical challenges associated with the MSCs and their cellular products as potential therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kot
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-60-86-563
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Márquez-Valadez B, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Progression of Alzheimer's disease parallels unusual structural plasticity of human dentate granule cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:125. [PMID: 36038918 PMCID: PMC9426249 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in industrialized countries, severely targets the hippocampal formation in humans and mouse models of this condition. The adult hippocampus hosts the continuous addition of new dentate granule cells (DGCs) in numerous mammalian species, including humans. Although the morphology and positioning of DGCs within the granule cell layer (GCL) match their developmental origin in rodents, a similar correlation has not been reported in humans to date. Our data reveal that DGCs located in inner portions of the human GCL show shorter and less complex dendrites than those found in outer portions of this layer, which are presumably generated developmentally. Moreover, in AD patients, DGCs show early morphological alterations that are further aggravated as the disease progresses. An aberrantly increased number of DGCs with several primary apical dendrites is the first morphological change detected in patients at Braak-Tau I/II stages. This alteration persists throughout AD progression and leads to generalized dendritic atrophy at late stages of the disease. Our data reveal the distinct vulnerability of several morphological characteristics of DGCs located in the inner and outer portions of the GCL to AD and support the notion that the malfunction of the hippocampus is related to cognitive impairments in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Márquez-Valadez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Rábano
- Neuropathology Department, CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Avaro V, Hummel T, Calegari F. Scent of stem cells: How can neurogenesis make us smell better? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:964395. [PMID: 35992908 PMCID: PMC9381839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.964395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the animal kingdom, olfaction underlies the ability to perceive chemicals in the environment as a fundamental adaptation with a plethora of functions. Unique among senses, olfaction is characterized by the integration of adult born neurons at the level of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. In fact, over the course of life, Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) reside within the peripheral Olfactory Epithelium (OE) and the brain’s subventricular zone that generate Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSNs) and interneurons of the Olfactory Bulb (OB), respectively. Despite this unique hallmark, the role(s) of adult neurogenesis in olfactory function remains elusive. Notably, while the molecular signature and lineage of both peripheral and central NSC are being described with increasing detail and resolution, conflicting evidence about the role of adult born neurons in olfactory sensitivity, discrimination and memory remains. With a currently increasing prevalence in olfactory dysfunctions due to aging populations and infections such as COVID-19, these limited and partly controversial reports highlight the need of a better understanding and more systematic study of this fascinating sensory system. Specifically, here we will address three fundamental questions: What is the role of peripheral adult neurogenesis in sustaining olfactory sensitivity? How can newborn neurons in the brain promote olfactory discrimination and/or memory? And what can we learn from fundamental studies on the biology of olfaction that can be used in the clinical treatment of olfactory dysfunctions?
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Avaro
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Federico Calegari,
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