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Dos Santos Leal K, Pinto da Costa M, Vilela S. Socioeconomic and household framework influences in school-aged children's eating habits: understanding the parental roles. Appetite 2024:107605. [PMID: 39029528 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Maternal influences on children's diet have been widely studied, while paternal and household frameworks require further research. This study aimed to evaluate how individual, socioeconomic and household characteristics at birth and 7 years (y) impact children's fruit and vegetable (FV) and energy-dense foods (EDF) intake at 10y, distinguishing maternal and paternal effects. The sample included 2750 children evaluated at 7 and 10y in the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI. The children's food intake was assessed through a Food Frequency Questionnaire at both ages, where 4 food groups were defined: FV, 'Sweet foods', 'Salty snacks', and 'Soft drinks'. The associations between food intake at 7y, parents' and children's characteristics, and food intake at 10y were evaluated via binary logistic regression models. Offspring of older mothers with higher age and education, who live with siblings and had higher family income were likelier to have 5 servings of FV daily at 10y. Children eating 5 portions/day of FV at 7y had higher odds of keeping this pattern at 10y. Higher maternal age and education, and father's education decreased the odds of having soft drinks daily at 10y. Higher family income was linked with lower odds of weekly salty snacks and daily sweet foods at 10y. In conclusion, parental education, maternal age, living with siblings, and higher family income influenced children's FV and EDF intake at 10y. Mothers' effects appear to impact children's food intake more than fathers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Dos Santos Leal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Pinto da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
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Ferreira P, Fraga S, Oliveira A. Association of adverse childhood experiences with dietary patterns of school-age children: evidence from the birth cohort Generation XXI. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00525-2. [PMID: 38857694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with health-risk behaviors and several chronic diseases in adulthood. However, the relationship between exposure to ACEs and dietary patterns at school age is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between ACEs and dietary patterns of 10-year-olds. METHODS The study included 5034 children from the Generation XXI cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. ACEs were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire covering the first 10 years (y) of life, quantified and grouped into 5 dimensions: "abuse," "school problems," "death/severe disease," "life changes," and "household dysfunction." Dietary patterns were identified by latent class analysis using data collected with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Five dietary patterns were studied: "low consumption," "energy-dense foods," "snacking," "intermediate consumption," and "healthier" (used as reference). Multinomial regression analyses were conducted, adjusted for the child's sex, household income, family structure, and mother's age [odds ratio (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs)]. RESULTS Most children were exposed to ≥1 ACE (96%), and ∼27% had reported 6 or more ACEs throughout life. Those reporting 4-5 and ≥6 ACEs were more likely to follow the "Energy-dense foods" dietary pattern compared with those with no ACEs (OR: 2.41; 99% CI: 1.00, 5.77 and OR: 2.65; 99% CI: 1.10, 6.39, respectively). Children exposed to "abuse" in the first 10 y showed 28% higher odds of following the "low consumption" dietary pattern when compared to children with no reported ACEs and using the "healthier" dietary pattern as a reference (OR: 1.28; 99% CI: 1.00, 1.63). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ACEs was associated with less healthy dietary patterns in school-aged children. Results suggest a cumulative effect of the adverse experiences resulting in a dietary pattern higher in energy-dense foods. Children with ACEs reported under the dimension of "abuse" seemed to have reduced food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Yang Y, Wang HL, Cheng RT, Zheng PR, Sun HP, Liu ZW, Yuan H, Liu XY, Gao WY, Li H. Determination of α-Dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105928. [PMID: 38548027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
α-DCs (α-dicarbonyls) have been proven to be closely related to aging and the onset and development of many chronic diseases. The wide presence of this kind of components in various foods and beverages has been unambiguously determined, but their occurrence in various phytomedicines remains in obscurity. In this study, we established and evaluated an HPLC-UV method and used it to measure the contents of four α-DCs including 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), and diacetyl (DA) in 35 Chinese herbs after they have been derivatized with 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine. The results uncover that 3-DG is the major component among the α-DCs, being detectable in all the selected herbs in concentrations ranging from 22.80 μg/g in the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai to 7032.75 μg/g in the fruit of Siraitia grosuenorii. The contents of the other three compounds are much lower than those of 3-DG, with GO being up to 22.65 μg/g, MGO being up to 55.50 μg/g, and DA to 18.75 μg/g, respectively. The data show as well the contents of the total four α-DCs in the herbs are generally in a comparable level to those in various foods, implying that herb medicines may have potential risks on human heath in view of the α-DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Rui-Tong Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Pei-Rong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui-Peng Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xue-Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Heng Li
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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da Costa MP, Severo M, Araújo J, Vilela S. Longitudinal tracking of diet quality from childhood to adolescence: The Interplay of individual and sociodemographic factors. Appetite 2024; 196:107279. [PMID: 38401601 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine diet tracking from childhood to adolescence, using 4 time-points, and the influence of socioeconomic and individual characteristics in this transition. The sample included 6893 children from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI with complete information on Food Frequency Questionnaire in at least one of the considered follow-ups. A Healthy Eating Index (HEI), previously developed to assess adherence to WHO's dietary recommendations, was applied at all ages (4, 7, 10 and 13y). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyse the tracking of diet quality. Linear mixed-effect models were performed to estimate the association of the child's socioeconomic and individual characteristics with the HEI score and respective trajectories over time. The overall diet quality decreased from childhood (22.2 ± 3.6 at 4y) to adolescence (18.2 ± 3.9 at 13y), with moderate tracking (ICC = 0.53), showing that children who start a healthy diet earlier might have a better diet quality as time goes by. Children of older mothers (β = 0.079, 95%CI = 0.061-0.097) and with higher education (β = 0.203, 95%CI = 0.178-0.229) and a higher household monthly income (β = 0.024,95%CI = 0.007-0.041) had a higher diet quality over time. Besides family characteristics, the child's sedentary activities (β = -0.009, 95%CI = -0.014--0.003) negatively influence diet quality throughout life. In contrast, being a girl (β = -0.094, 95%CI = -0.132--0.056) and having higher sleep duration (β = 0.039, 95%CI = 0.015-0.064) are associated with a higher diet quality over time. The presence of dietary tracking from childhood to adolescence implies that promoting healthy eating habits during the first years of life is crucial for a healthier diet quality during late childhood and early adolescence, focusing on maternal and individual child characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pinto da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº288, 4050-321, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
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Vilela S, Vaz A, Oliveira A. Sleep timing behaviour, sleep duration and adherence to obesogenic dietary patterns from pre-school to school age: results from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI. J Sleep Res 2024:e14172. [PMID: 38375691 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In an obesogenic environment, short sleeping may increase opportunistic eating. The timing of sleep might also influence the drive to eat. This study investigated the prospective association of sleep timing and duration with diet in 5286 children from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI, evaluated at 4 and 7 years of age. At 4 years, sleep duration was categorised into ≤10 and >10 h. Four sleep timing categories were generated based on the median split for sleep-onset and -offset times: 'Early Sleep-Early Wake'; 'Early Sleep-Late Wake'; 'Late Sleep-Early Wake'; 'Late Sleep-Late Wake'. At 7 years, diet was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire and three dietary patterns were included: 'Healthier', 'Energy-Dense Foods (EDF)' and 'Snacking'. The Healthy Eating Index was used to evaluate diet quality. Multinomial logistic regression models and generalised linear models were performed. Children who had a late sleep, independently of the time of waking up, had higher odds of following the 'EDF' pattern, compared with the 'Healthier'. Boys who had late sleep and/or late wake had also higher odds of following the 'Snacking' pattern and had poorer diet quality. In both sexes, a late sleep or late wake were associated with a lower diet quality, compared to the group 'Early Sleep-Early Wake', and independently of nap behaviour. In boys, shorter sleep duration was associated with a poorer diet. In conclusion, pre-schoolers with late bedtimes or wake-up times have worse dietary patterns and poorer diet quality at the age of 7 years, which seems to be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Vaz
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Pública e Ciências Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Figueira M, Santos AC, Gregório MJ, Araújo J. Changes in screen time from 4 to 7 years of age, dietary patterns and obesity: Findings from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2508-2516. [PMID: 37580233 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased screen exposure is associated with unhealthy eating behaviours and obesity. Screen time (ST) changes from pre-school to school age, and associations with dietary patterns (DP) and obesity remain unknown. We, therefore, analysed ST changes from 4 to 7 years of age, associated factors, and the relation with DP and obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 4531 children evaluated at 4 and 7 years, as part of the Generation XXI birth cohort (Porto, Portugal). ST was assessed for weekdays and weekend, and average daily time was estimated. Associations between covariates and ST changes, and between ST changes and 3 DP previously identified (Energy-dense foods, Snacking, and Healthier) were estimated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI), using adjusted multinomial regression models. From 4 to 7 years, 31.5% of the children decreased their ST, 21.8% increased, 16.5% maintained low (≤60 min), and 30.2% maintained high (61-120 min or >120 min) ST. After adjustment, lower maternal education (OR = 2.33, 95%CI:1.82-2.99) and lower family income (OR = 1.72, 95%CI:1.35-2.21) were associated with higher odds of increasing ST, while being a girl was associated with 35% decreased odds of increasing ST. Children that increased and those that maintained high ST showed greater odds of presenting a Snacking DP at 7 years (OR = 2.34, 95%CI:1.64-3.35) and (OR = 2.65, 95%CI:1.89-3.72), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found regarding changes in ST and the child's BMI. CONCLUSION Children increasing screen exposure during this period were more frequently from lower socioeconomic strata and presented unhealthier DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Figueira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica -Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gregório
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica -Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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Zagkos L, Drenos F, Emmett P, Blakemore AI, Nordström T, Hurtig T, Jarvelin MR, Dovey TM. Associations of adolescents' diet and meal patterns with school performance in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986: A Mendelian randomisation study. Appetite 2023; 190:107036. [PMID: 37734238 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies indicate that dietary habits in children and adolescents are associated with school performance. These associations are heavily confounded by socio-economic characteristics, such as household income and parents' educational attainment, amongst other factors. The objective of this study was to explore the association between diet and school performance in adolescents from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). METHODS Dietary and school performance data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from adolescents in the NFBC1986 cross-sectional, 16-year follow-up study. In this work we derived exploratory factors for the dietary variables, frequency of skipping main meals and school performance variables, performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) against these factors to obtain genetic association data and conducted one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using individual level data for up to 9220 adolescents in NFBC1986 and GWAS results from external cohorts. We report observational and MR effects of diet on school performance and cognition-related phenotypes. RESULTS The observational study and the one-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that high fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) consumption was associated with poor school performance in general/science subjects (-0.080, -0.128 to -0.033) and staple food consumption with better school performance in general/science subjects (0.071, 0.024 to 0.119) and physical education (0.065, 0.021 to 0.110). Findings from our two-sample MR analysis identified dietary principal components described best as whole brain bread, wheat, cheese, oat cereal and red wine to be associated with higher educational attainment and other cognition-related phenotypes. CONCLUSION Using genetics, we highlighted the potential role of HFSS food consumption and consumption of the components of a staple food diet for school performance. However, further research is required to find conclusive evidence that could support a causal role of diet on school performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Pauline Emmett
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 69 St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, 90570, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, 90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland; Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90230, Peltolantie 13-15, 90210, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terence M Dovey
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
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Ferreira P, Warkentin S, Oliveira A. Appetitive traits and food groups consumption in school-aged children: prospective associations from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:67. [PMID: 37542554 PMCID: PMC10404169 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Appetite can influence children's dietary choices; however, this relationship in school-aged children is still unclear. We aimed to explore the prospective associations between child appetitive traits at age 7 and food consumption at 10 years of age. METHODS The study included 3860 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire was used to evaluate children's appetitive traits at 7 years. Food consumption was measured at 10 years through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed and adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS Children with greater Enjoyment of Food at 7 years were 36% more likely to eat fruits ≥ 2 times/day and 54% more likely to eat vegetables > 2.5 times/day at 10 years compared to those with less frequent consumption. Children who ate more in response to negative emotions had higher odds of consuming energy-dense foods (OR = 1.33; 99% CI 1.13-1.58) and salty snacks (OR = 1.28; 99% CI 1.08-1.51) 3 years later. Those with less ability to adjust intake (higher Satiety Responsiveness) and more selective about foods (higher Food Fussiness) at 7 years were less likely to consume vegetables frequently, and were more likely to consume energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS Children's appetitive traits at 7 years were associated with the consumption of several food groups at 10 years of age. Eating more in response to negative emotions (Emotional Eating), with less ability to adjust intake (Satiety Responsiveness) and more food selectivity (Food Fussiness) were associated with worse dietary choices (in general, lower fruit and vegetables, and higher energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Barbosa C, Lopes C, Costa A, Warkentin S, Oliveira A. Parental child-feeding practices at 4 years of age are associated with dietary patterns of 7-year-olds. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1339-1348. [PMID: 36794574 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental child-feeding practices have been associated with child body mass index (BMI) and specific food group consumption; however, their role in the development of dietary patterns is less understood. We aim to study the association between parental child-feeding practices at 4 years old and dietary patterns at 7 years that explain BMI z-scores at age 10. METHODS Participants were children from the Generation XXI birth cohort (n = 3272). Three patterns of feeding practices at 4 years were previously identified: 'Perceived monitoring', 'Restriction' and 'Pressure to eat'. At 7 years, two dietary patterns were derived: 'Energy-dense foods', higher consumption of energy-dense foods and drinks and processed meats and lower consumption of vegetable soup (significantly associated with BMI z-scores at 10 years) and 'Fish-based', higher in fishery intake and lower in energy-dense food intake. Associations were estimated by linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders (mother's age, education and pre-pregnancy BMI). RESULTS Girls whose parents used more Restriction, Perceived monitoring and Pressure to eat at 4 years were less likely to follow the 'Energy-dense foods' dietary pattern at 7 years (β̂ = -0.082; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.134; -0.029; β̂ = -0.093; 95% CI: -0.146; -0.039; β̂ = -0.079; 95% CI: -0.135; -0.04, respectively). In both sexes, children whose parents used more Restriction and Perceived monitoring at 4 years were more likely to follow the 'Fish-based' dietary pattern at 7 years (girls: β̂ = 0.143; 95% CI: 0.077; 0.210; β̂ = 0.079; 95% CI: 0.011; 0.148; boys: β̂ = 0.157; 95% CI: 0.090; 0.224; β̂ = 0.104; 95% CI: 0.041; 0.168). CONCLUSIONS Children whose parents used more Restriction and Perceived monitoring at preschool age were more likely to follow healthier dietary patterns at age 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Barbosa
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Costa
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abrahamyan A, Soares S, Correia D, Oliveira A, Fraga S. Childhood social adversity and clustering of health risk behaviours during early adolescence in a population-based birth cohort. Public Health 2023; 220:80-87. [PMID: 37276777 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to prospectively explore the association between early lifetime exposure to psychosocial adversity and engagement in health risk behaviours (HRBs) during early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective study. METHODS This study used data from the baseline (2005-2006), third (2016-2017) and fourth waves (2018-2020) of the Generation XXI birth cohort. Socio-economic circumstances (SECs) at baseline, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g. abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) at age 10 years and HRBs (i.e. alcohol consumption, smoking, physical exercise level, sedentary behaviours, sleep duration and eating behaviours) at age 13 years were measured. Patterns of HRBs were obtained using latent class analysis. Latent class regression analysis was used to estimate the likelihood of being engaged in HRBs according to the extent of exposure to ACEs (i.e. 0 ACEs, 1-3 ACEs, 4-5 ACEs and ≥6 ACEs) and negative family SECs. RESULTS Adolescents whose mothers had a low level of education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.72 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.33-3.18]), low occupational status (aOR = 3.21 [95% CI, 2.68-3.85]) and low income (aOR = 2.70 [95% CI, 2.23-3.28]) were more likely to be engaged in HRBs than their peers with higher SECs. Adolescents who experienced more ACEs were at a significantly increased risk of involvement in HRBs (aOR = 1.86 [95% CI, 1.33-2.63] for 4-5 ACEs vs aOR 2.41 [95% CI, 1.72-3.43] for ≥6 ACEs). No significant gender differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents from families with low SECs were more likely than their more affluent counterparts to be engaged in HRBs. Furthermore, more ACEs contributed to widening health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abrahamyan
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Soares
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Correia
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Özdemir A, Hall R, Lovell A, Ellahi B. Nutrition knowledge and influence on diet in the carer-client relationship in residential care settings for people with intellectual disabilities. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:74-90. [PMID: 36647738 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual disabilities generally have poorer health outcomes compared with those who do not, including outcomes related to nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. Carers support people with intellectual disabilities in many aspects including habitual shopping and preparation of food, but their own nutrition knowledge and the influence this may have on dietary intakes of clients is unknown. We explored the nutrition knowledge of carers of people with intellectual disabilities in residential care settings, their dietary habits and their influence on clients' food shopping and preparation and therefore the diet consumed by their clients. Ninety-seven carers belonging to a large independent care sector organisation specialising in the care of people with an intellectual disability completed a validated general nutrition knowledge and behaviour questionnaire. Seventeen carers from the residential care settings were interviewed to contextualise practice. Knowledge about key dietary recommendations scored highly. Carers who had more work experience were found to have higher scores in 'making everyday food choices' (p = 0.034). Daily consumption of fruit and vegetables (at least one portion per day) was observed (for fruit by 46% of the carers and for vegetables by 60% of the carers), whilst most carers reported avoiding consuming full-fat dairy products, sugary foods and fried foods. The concept of a healthy diet; typical dietary habits of clients; role in food acquisition; and training in nutrition emerged as themes from the interviews. Carers discussed various topics including the importance of a balanced diet, cooking fresh foods and control of food portion sizes for clients relative to the care philosophy of a client-centred approach, which encapsulates client autonomy. Gaps in knowledge around specific nutrients, making healthy choices and cooking skills remain. Carers have an influence on clients' dietary choices; they are able to provide healthy meals and share good dietary habits with clients. Further training in nutrition is recommended for impact on clients' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Özdemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rebecca Hall
- Department of Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew Lovell
- Department of Social Work and Interprofessional Studies, Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Department of Social Work and Interprofessional Studies, Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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12
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Bellows LL, Lou Y, Nelson R, Reyes LI, Brown RC, Mena NZ, Boles RE. A Narrative Review of Dietary Assessment Tools for Preschool-Aged Children in the Home Environment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224793. [PMID: 36432478 PMCID: PMC9694043 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preschool-aged children in the U.S. have suboptimal diets. Interventions to improve child nutrition focus on parents and their role in shaping social and physical home environments, which influence children's eating behaviors. Dietary assessment tools selected to measure intervention objectives, and how results are interpreted in key findings, are essential when examining children's diets. The objectives of this review were to (1) describe dietary assessment tools used in intervention studies in young children focused within the home environment; and (2) examine how the application of these dietary assessment tools addressed intervention objectives. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for English-language nutrition intervention studies that included children aged 2-5 years, had a home environment component, used a dietary assessment tool, and reported on diet-related outcomes. Seventeen studies were included. Intervention objectives focused on overall diet, specific food groups, eating occasions, and obesity prevention/treatment. Concordance of key findings with intervention objectives, type of tool used, and multiple tools within the same study varied with 8 studies aligning in objective and tool, 1 discordant in both, and 8 partially concordant or too broad to determine. This review highlights current challenges in measuring dietary intake in preschoolers and provides recommendations for alternative applications and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Bellows
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuanying Lou
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rachel Nelson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ligia I. Reyes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Renae C. Brown
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noereem Z. Mena
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03842, USA
| | - Richard E. Boles
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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13
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Effect of the food processing degree on cardiometabolic health outcomes: A prospective approach in childhood. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2235-2243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Associations between children's reports of food insecurity and dietary patterns: findings from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1776-1785. [PMID: 35854661 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the association between children's food insecurity (FI) and dietary patterns (DPs) is scarce. This study assessed the association between children's FI and a priori and a posteriori-defined DPs in a Portuguese population-based sample of children. A cross-sectional study including 2800 children from the 10-year-old follow-up of the Generation XXI birth cohort was performed. Data on food security status, assessed by the Self-administered Food Security Survey Module for children (SAFSSMC), dietary intake and socio-demographics were collected. A previously developed Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was adapted for this study. Using the HEI score and its food groups, linear and logistic regression models were performed. Using latent class analysis, five a posteriori-defined DPs were identified. The DPs names considered an overall picture of the DP. Food security status as a categorical (food security/FI) and continuous variable (SAFSSMC raw score: higher scores representing higher FI) was used. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association between food security status and DPs. Children's FI (9·4 %) was inversely associated with the HEI score (β=-0·695;95%CI:-1·154,-0·235), representing worse diet quality. A higher SAFSSMC raw score was associated with low fruit and vegetables (OR=1·089;95%CI:1·023,1·159) and seafood and eggs consumption (OR=1·073;95%CI:1·009,1·142) and high consumption of meat and meat products (OR=1·091;95%CI:1·026,1·160), salty snacks (OR=1·067;95%CI:1·003,1·136) and soft drinks (OR=1·097;95%CI:1·031,1·168). The SAFSSMC raw score was positively associated with 'Low consumption' (OR=1·119;95%CI:1·016,1·232), 'Energy-dense foods' (OR=1·155;95%CI:1·028,1·298) and 'Snacking' (OR=1·119;95%CI:1·006,1·245) DPs. FI was associated with worse dietary choices. Intervention strategies targeting food insecure children should be developed to promote healthy dietary habits.
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Barbosa C, Costa A, Hetherington MM, Oliveira A. Association of early feeding practices with dietary patterns of 7-year-olds from the birth cohort Generation XXI. Appetite 2022; 171:105909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Durão C, Severo M, Oliveira A, Lopes C. Sex-Heterogeneity on the Association between Dietary Patterns at 4 Years of Age with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors at 10 Years of Age. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030540. [PMID: 35276899 PMCID: PMC8839534 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association of dietary patterns (DP) at 4 years with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors at 10 years, considering sex-heterogeneity. This prospective analysis included 3823 children enrolled in the population-based birth cohort, Generation XXI (Porto-Portugal, 2005-2006). Diet at 4 years was assessed by FFQ, with three DP being identified: high in energy-dense foods (EDF), intermediate in snacks (snacking), and healthier (reference). BMI at 10 years was considered as the Z-score according to the WHO. Other adiposity indicators-fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)-were converted to z-scores using the sample's sex-specific means and standard deviations, as were the cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance). The associations of DP at 4 years with later adiposity or cardiometabolic factors were estimated by linear regression or by multinomial logistic regression models. In fully adjusted models, the EDF DP was significantly positively associated with the BMI (EDF vs. healthier: β = 0.139; 95% CI: 0.031, 0.246, P-interaction = 0.042) and obesity (OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.55, 4.63, P-interaction = 0.005) only in girls, among whom, it increased insulin (β = 0.165; 95% CI: 0.020, 0.311) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.159; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.306) at 10 years. An EDF DP at 4 years is associated with later adiposity, insulin, and HOMA-IR in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Durão
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (M.S.); (A.O.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (M.S.); (A.O.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, University of Porto Medical School, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (M.S.); (A.O.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, University of Porto Medical School, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (M.S.); (A.O.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, University of Porto Medical School, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+351-220-426-640
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Marinho AR, Severo M, Vilela S, Costa R, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Torres D, Lopes C. Is the association between dietary patterns and cognition mediated by children's adiposity? A longitudinal approach in Generation XXI birth cohort. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:231-237. [PMID: 34915274 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is a consistent body of evidence on the association between single nutrients and cognition, but the role of a healthful dietary pattern on cognition in children has been seldomly studied. This study aims to assess the association between dietary patterns at 4 years (y) and cognitive abilities at 10-13y and examine whether adiposity mediated these associations. METHODS This study used data from a sub-sample of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with complete information on diet and cognition (n = 3575). At 4y, data on dietary intake was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived by latent class analysis, namely Energy-dense food (EDF) pattern, Snacking pattern and Healthier pattern (Reference). At 10-13y, the Portuguese Version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children®-Third Edition was administered by trained psychologists and age-adjusted composite scores were computed: a Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ), plus a Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and Processing Speed IQ. Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z-scores, body fat percentage from bioimpedance, and waist-to-weight ratio and waist-to-hip ratio were used as measures of adiposity. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using linear regression models (adjusted for maternal age and education, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking and alcohol intake during pregnancy, child's sex, birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding duration and having siblings at 4y). Mediation analysis was conducted using path analysis. RESULTS After adjustment, children classified in the EDF or a Snacking patterns at 4y were more likely to have lower scores on total IQ (β = -0.116; 95%CI:-0.192,-0.039 and β = -0.148; 95%CI -0.252,-0.044, respectively), Verbal IQ (β = -0.104; 95%CI -0.177, -0.031 and β = -0.163; 95%CI -0.262,-0.064, respectively) and Performance IQ (β = -0.116 95%CI -0.193,-0.040 and β = -0.147; 95%CI -0.250,-0.042, respectively) at 10-13y, when compared to those classified in the Healthier pattern. None of the adiposity measures seemed to explain the associations between dietary patterns and IQ. CONCLUSION This study supports that early unhealthy dietary patterns were associated with lower child's cognitive ability, but this effect did not seem to be mediated by adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Marinho
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lusófona, Portugal
| | | | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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18
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da Costa MP, Severo M, Oliveira A, Lopes C, Hetherington M, Vilela S. Longitudinal bidirectional relationship between children's appetite and diet quality: A prospective cohort study. Appetite 2021; 169:105801. [PMID: 34774668 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between eating behaviours and diet quality, from 7 to 10y. The sample included 3879 children evaluated, from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI, with complete information on Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). A healthy eating index (HEI) (range: 9-31) was developed to evaluate the child's diet quality. The eight CEBQ's eating behaviours were included in the analysis. Generalised linear models were used to estimate the associations. Adjusted structural equation modelling was performed to study the direction of the associations. Eating behaviours measured at age 7y tracked to age 10y. A bidirectional inverse association between the food fussiness trait and diet quality was found, with a similar magnitude (p < 0.001), thus a higher score on food fussiness predicted a lower quality of the diet. A higher HEI score at 7y was associated with lower satiety responsiveness at 10y (βstandardized = -0.039), and a higher HEI score at age 10y was associated with higher enjoyment of food at 7y (βstandardized = 0.046). Eating behaviours were linked to diet quality in children with high enjoyment of food and low food fussiness at age 7y linked to a high-quality diet at 10y. In addition, children with high-quality diets at 7y were more likely to have lower food fussiness and satiety responsiveness at 10y. Given the stability of eating behaviours and the bidirectional nature of effects between eating behaviours and dietary quality in the long term, tailored interventions may be needed to encourage the acquisition of healthy eating behaviours and habits in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pinto da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Gibson K, Stanley S, Agarwal S, Groetch M, Bunyavanich S. Comparison of dietary intake between milk-allergic and non-food-allergic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1872-1876. [PMID: 34155703 PMCID: PMC8560552 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Gibson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Stanley
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shradha Agarwal
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marion Groetch
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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20
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The effect of sugar-sweetened beverages at 4 years of age on appetitive behaviours of 7-year-olds from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:790-800. [PMID: 33161915 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000447x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of energy-dense sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and its low satiating effects may influence the development of child eating behaviours. We aimed to investigate the association of SSB consumption at 4 years on appetitive behaviours at age 7 years. Children from the Generation XXI birth cohort were included (n 3880). SSB consumption was evaluated through a FFQ and appetitive behaviours were evaluated through the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, which includes eight subscales. Two composite factors, derived by principal component analysis (Appetite Restraint - related to Food Fussiness, Enjoyment of Food, Slowness in Eating and Satiety Responsiveness - and Appetite Disinhibition - related to Food Responsiveness, Emotional Under- and Overeating and Desire to Drink), were also investigated. The dose-response relationship between SSB consumption and appetitive behaviours was examined using multivariable linear regression (continuous eating behaviour scores) and multinomial logistic regression (tertile categories of eating behaviour scores). Child SSB consumption at 4 years was associated with higher Appetite Disinhibition and Desire to Drink and lower Food Fussiness and Slowness in Eating at 7 years. Consuming SSB ≥1 times/d (compared with a lower intake) was associated with 29 % increase in the odds of Desire to Drink (3rd v. 1st tertile). Pre-schoolers' SSB consumption was associated with higher food approach and less food avoidant behaviours later in childhood. Family characteristics, particularly maternal SSB consumption, explained part of these associations. It is essential to promote the intake of water, instead of sugary drinks, and make parents and caregivers aware of the importance of this exposure, since they have a pivotal role in shaping children's eating behaviours.
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21
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Carvalho Silva C, Gavinha S, Vilela S, Rodrigues R, Manso MC, Severo M, Lopes C, Melo P. Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Behaviours Associated with Caries Development from 4 to 7 Years of Age. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070609. [PMID: 34202656 PMCID: PMC8305377 DOI: 10.3390/life11070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between modifiable risk factors and caries in children has been documented; however, most studies have been cross-sectional and have not considered the complexity of dietary factors and oral health habits. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary patterns and oral health behaviours at 4 years of age and the development of new decayed, missing, and filled teeth (d3–6mft/D3–6MFT) over a period of three years. Participants were children from the Generation XXI population-based birth cohort. At 4 years of age, diet patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, with three dietary patterns being identified. For the purpose of capturing the new development of caries between 4 and 7 years of age, two dental outcomes were defined in the mixed dentition: “dental caries development” and “severe dental caries development” in the mixed dentition. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used. From 4 to 7 years of age, 51.2% of the children had at least one new d3–6mft/D3–6MFT and 27.4% had more than two new d3–6mft/D3–6MFT. Children belonging to the “energy-dense foods” (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20–4.00) and “snacking” (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.41–3.41) dietary patterns at 4 years old were associated with severe dental caries development three years later. Preventive strategies should be implemented in an attempt to reduce snacking and the consumption of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods to promote children’s oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Carvalho Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto (U. Porto), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-220901100
| | - Sandra Gavinha
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Rita Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Environmental and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa Energy, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto (U. Porto), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
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22
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Pinto A, Severo M, Oliveira A. Use of a hybrid method to derive dietary patterns in 7 years olds with explanatory ability of body mass index at age 10. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1598-1606. [PMID: 33674774 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The usual definition of dietary patterns only accounts for the explanation of dietary choices and not a specific health outcome. This could partially explain the lack of consistent associations between diet and related diseases. This study aims to identify dietary patterns in 7 years olds explaining body mass index (BMI) at age 10 and to assess their association with early-life factors (sociodemographic, birth, and infancy characteristics). METHODS Children from the birth cohort Generation XXI at ages 7 and 10 were included (n = 4698). Diet was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Measured BMI z-scores (zBMI) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were run to derive dietary patterns. RESULTS The component scores of PCA was able to explain 13.0% of food groups and only 0.2% of zBMI, while the PLS scores explained the variance of both food groups (10.1%) and zBMI at age 10 (4.2%). By using PLS, two dietary patterns were derived, but only one, higher in processed meats and energy-dense foods and lower in vegetable soup consumption, was significantly associated with an increased zBMI in 10 years olds (adjusted β̂ 0.032; 95% CI:0.017; 0.047). It was more likely followed by children from younger and less educated mothers and who were born heavier. CONCLUSIONS A dietary pattern higher in processed and energy-dense foods and with lower vegetable soup intake in 7 years olds significantly explained zBMI of 10 years olds, and was predicted by early-life characteristics. The other dietary patterns were not significantly associated with zBMI at age 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Pinto
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Portoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Portoa, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Portoa, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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23
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Amato A, Proia P, Caldara GF, Alongi A, Ferrantelli V, Baldassano S. Analysis of Body Perception, Preworkout Meal Habits and Bone Resorption in Child Gymnasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042184. [PMID: 33672264 PMCID: PMC7926894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of physical activity on body image perception and bone are debated among artistic gymnasts. Gymnasts seem to be at greater risk of developing body dissatisfaction, eating disorders and osteoporosis due to inadequate nutrition and attention to the appearance of the body. The objective of this work was to investigate the association between the artistic gymnast and a more favorable body image compared to their sedentary peers and if a preworkout high-carbohydrate meal (HCM; 300 kcal, 88% carbohydrates, 9% protein, 3% fat) or high-protein meal (HPM; 300 kcal, 55% carbohydrates, 31% protein, 13% fat) is able to attenuate bone resorption in young rhythmic gymnasts. Twenty-eight preadolescent female gymnasts were examined. Self-esteem tests were used to analyze body image perception. Preworkout eating habits were examined by short food frequency questions (FFQ) validated for children. The biomarker of the bone resorption C-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (CTX) was measured in the urine (fasting, postmeal and postworkout). Gymnasts reported higher satisfaction with their body appearance compared to sedentary peers. Of the gymnasts, 30% did not have a preworkout meal regularly, and the timing of the consumption was variable. Bone resorption was decreased by the HCM, consumed 90 min before the training, with respect to the HPM. The study suggests that playing artistic gymnastics is associated with a positive body self-perception in a child. The variability in preworkout meal frequency and timing need attention to prevent inadequate eating habits in light of the ability of the HCM to reduce acute bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amato
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Gaetano Felice Caldara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.F.)
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelina Alongi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.F.)
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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24
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Hörmann-Wallner M, Krause R, Alfaro B, Jilani H, Laureati M, Almli VL, Sandell M, Sandvik P, Zeinstra GG, Methven L. Intake of Fibre-Associated Foods and Texture Preferences in Relation to Weight Status Among 9-12 Years Old Children in 6 European Countries. Front Nutr 2021; 8:633807. [PMID: 33681278 PMCID: PMC7935542 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant foods, rich in fibre, can offer textures that children find difficult to orally manipulate, resulting in low preferences but are important for a healthy diet and prevention of overweight in children. Our aim was to investigate preferences for food texture, intake of fibre-associated foods and the relation to BMI. Three hundred thirty European children (9-12 years, 54% female) indicated their texture preferences using the Child-Food-Texture-Preference- Questionnaire (CFTPQ), and their parents responded on fibre-associated food consumption and anthropometric information. BMI was significantly lower for children with higher intake of wholegrain alternatives of common foods; in addition to being significantly influenced by country and the wearing of a dental brace. Overall BMI-for-age-percentiles (BMI_pct) were negatively associated with the consumption of wholegrain cereals, white pasta and wholemeal products and positively associated with the intake of legumes and white biscuits. In males, BMI_pct were negatively associated with wholegrain products and dried fruits, and in females, positively with legume consumption. A few country-related associations were found for BMI_pct and wholegrain biscuits, seeds and nuts and refined products. No overall correlation was found between BMI_pct and the texture preference of soft/hard foods by CFTPQ, except in Austria. We conclude that this study revealed evidence of a connection between fibre-associated foods and children's BMI at a cross-cultural level and that sex is an important determinant of fibre-associated food intake and the development of overweight in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Hörmann-Wallner
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Raphaela Krause
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Begoña Alfaro
- Food Research Division, Expert Technology Centre in Marine and Food Innovation (AZTI), Derio Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hannah Jilani
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research– Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, University of Bremen and Institute for Preventions Research and Epidemiology– Instituts für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Bremen, Germany
| | - Monica Laureati
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valérie L. Almli
- Department of Innovation, Consumer and Sensory Sciences, Nofima, Aas, Norway
| | - Mari Sandell
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Sandvik
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gertrude G. Zeinstra
- Food, Health & Consumer Research Group, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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25
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Ferrero G, Carpi S, Polini B, Pardini B, Nieri P, Impeduglia A, Grioni S, Tarallo S, Naccarati A. Intake of Natural Compounds and Circulating microRNA Expression Levels: Their Relationship Investigated in Healthy Subjects With Different Dietary Habits. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619200. [PMID: 33519486 PMCID: PMC7840481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has a strong influence on many physiological processes, which in turn have important implications on a variety of pathological conditions. In this respect, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs playing a relevant epigenetic role in controlling gene expression, may represent mediators between the dietary intake and the healthy status. Despite great advances in the field of nutri-epigenomics, it remains unclear how miRNA expression is modulated by the diet and, specifically, the intake of specific nutrients. We investigated the whole circulating miRNome by small RNA-sequencing performed on plasma samples of 120 healthy volunteers with different dietary habits (vegans, vegetarians, and omnivores). Dietary intakes of specific nutrients were estimated for each subject from the information reported in the food-frequency questionnaire previously validated in the EPIC study. We focused hereby on the intake of 23 natural compounds (NCs) of the classes of lipids, micro-elements, and vitamins. We identified 78 significant correlations (rho > 0.300, p-value < 0.05) among the estimated daily intake of 13 NCs and the expression levels of 58 plasma miRNAs. Overall, vitamin D, sodium, and vitamin E correlated with the largest number of miRNAs. All the identified correlations were consistent among the three dietary groups and 22 of them were confirmed as significant (p-value < 0.05) by age-, gender-, and body-mass index-adjusted Generalized Linear regression Model analysis. miR-23a-3p expression levels were related with different NCs including a significant positive correlation with sodium (rho = 0.377) and significant negative correlations with lipid-related NCs and vitamin E. Conversely, the estimated intake of vitamin D was negatively correlated with the expression of the highest number of circulating miRNAs, particularly miR-1277-5p (rho = −0.393) and miR-144-3p (rho = −0.393). Functional analysis of the targets of sodium intake-correlated miRNAs highlighted terms related to cardiac development. A similar approach on targets of those miRNAs correlated with vitamin D intake showed an enrichment in genes involved in hormone metabolisms, while the response to chronic inflammation was among the top enriched processes involving targets of miRNAs negatively related with vitamin E intake. Our findings show that nutrients through the habitual diet influence circulating miRNA profiles and highlight that this aspect must be considered in the nutri-epigenomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
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26
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Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Dental Caries in 7-Year-Old Children in Porto Metropolitan Area. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010166. [PMID: 33430295 PMCID: PMC7825719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with significant changes in dental structures. In children, it can induce enamel and dentin defects, which have been identified as risk factors for caries. This study aimed to assess the association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels (<30 ng/mL) and the prevalence of caries in the permanent teeth and mixed dentition of 7-year-old children. A sample of 335 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI (Porto, Portugal) was included. Data on children’s demographic and social conditions, health status, dental health behaviours, dental examination including erupted permanent first molars, and blood samples available for vitamin D analysis were collected. Dental outcomes included the presence of caries, including non-cavitated lesions (d1–6mft/D1–6MFT > 0), and advanced caries (d3–6mft/D3–6MF > 0). Serum 25(OH) D was measured using a competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay protein-binding assay. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used. Advanced caries in permanent teeth was significantly associated with children’s vitamin D levels <30 ng/mL, gastrointestinal disorders, higher daily intake of cariogenic food, and having had a dental appointment at ≤7 years old. Optimal childhood levels of vitamin D may be considered an additional preventive measure for dental caries in the permanent dentition.
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27
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Feng N, Zhu M, Tian J. Potentially toxic element (PTE) levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water and health risks through maize consumption in northern Ningxia, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1729. [PMID: 33198713 PMCID: PMC7670719 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial and agricultural activities result in elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the local environment. PTEs can enter the human body through the food chain and pose severe health risks to inhabitants. In this study, PTE levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water were detected, and health risks through maize consumption were evaluated. METHODS Maize, soil, and irrigation water samples were collected in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was applied to determine the contents of six PTEs. Bioaccumulation factor was used to reflect the transfer potential of a metal from soil to maize. Health risks associated with maize consumption were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine variables that pose the greatest effect on health risk results. RESULTS The levels of Pb and Cr in maize exceeded the standards, while the PTE levels in soil and irrigation water did not exceed the corresponding standards. The bioaccumulation factor values of the six PTEs in maize were all lower than 1 and followed the order of Cd > Zn = As > Cr > Cu > Pb. The hazard index (0.0986) was far less than 1 for all inhabitants implying no obvious non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk value was 3.261 × 10- 5, which was lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10- 4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Females were at greater risk than males, and the age group of below 20 years had the greater risk among all the groups evaluated. Approximately 0.62% of inhabitants exceeded the level for non-carcinogenic risk, while 8.23% exceeded the level for carcinogenic risk. The As concentration and daily intake of maize contributed 35.8, and 29.4% for non-carcinogenic risk results as well as 61.0 and 18.5% for carcinogenic risk results. CONCLUSIONS Maize was contaminated by Pb and Cr, whereas the associated soil and irrigation water were not contaminated by PTEs. Inhabitants would not suffer obvious harmful health risks through maize consumption. Arsenic level and daily intake of maize were the most sensitive factors that impact health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ningchuan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. .,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juncang Tian
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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28
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Liu D, He Y, Xiao J, Zhou Q, Wang M. The occurrence and stability of Maillard reaction products in various traditional Chinese sauces. Food Chem 2020; 342:128319. [PMID: 33067040 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese sauces, especially soy sauce, vinegar, and oyster sauce, provide foods with special color, flavor, and taste. However, during their manufacturing process, Maillard reaction products (MRPs) might be formed and cause adverse effects on human health. This study detected the levels of some typical MRPs in these sauces. Results showed that dark soy sauce and some vinegar products were high in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Moreover, dark soy sauce was significantly higher in 5-methylfurfural (MF) and methylglyoxal (MGO) than oyster sauce but lower in glyoxal (GO) than vinegar and oyster sauce, while light soy sauce had significantly higher advanced glycation end products (AGEs) than the rest three types of sauces. Besides, storage stability results indicated that MRPs increased obviously in vinegar and dark soy sauce. Finally, concentration limits/regulations of MRPs in traditional Chinese sauces should be established in the future considering their high frequency of usage and high potential of insalubrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcheng Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yulu He
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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29
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Sharma S, Akhtar F, Singh RK, Mehra S. Dietary Intakes, Patterns, and Determinants of Children Under 5 Years from Marginalized Communities in Odisha: A Cross-sectional Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 10:315-325. [PMID: 32959613 PMCID: PMC7758846 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200515.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-school age (3–5 years) children are vulnerable to malnutrition due to poor dietary intake, dietary habits, and socio-economic conditions. Children from marginalized families are more vulnerable than non-marginalized families due to limited access to health- and nutrition-related services, besides other socio-economic factors. This study was done to assess the dietary intakes, patterns, and determinants of pre-school age (3–5 years) children from marginalized populations in two districts of Odisha. We used three different questionnaires, namely general demographic information, single 24-h recall dietary survey, and food frequency questionnaire, to collect data. Dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis, and the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) method was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake. A general linear model of regression was used to investigate the relationship of dietary patterns scores with independent variables. A total of 86 boys (57.3%) and 64 girls (42.7%) were recruited for the study. The majority (more than two-third) of the children had <70% of RDA of iron, vitamin C, and zinc. The three dietary components that best described the dietary patterns among children in the study were vegetarian, non-vegetarian, and mixed patterns. They explained 54.9% of the variability. The ‘vegetarian’ dietary pattern was inversely associated with children whose mothers were illiterate (p = 0.005), who lived in families having per capita family monthly income less than INR 786 (10.3 US$) (p = 0.007), and who were first born (p = 0.04). The dietary patterns may help interventionists in designing programs aimed at preventing malnutrition and chronic diseases among children in marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Sharma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Division, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Faiyaz Akhtar
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Division, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Division, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Mehra
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Division, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
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Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:1427-1436. [PMID: 32962770 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food consumption at 4 and 7 years of age with appetitive traits at 7 years and BMI at 10 years of age. Participants were 1175 children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, who provided food diaries and complete data on socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measures and the Portuguese Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (P-CEBQ). Foods were grouped according to NOVA classification into: 'unprocessed, minimally or moderately processed, and culinary preparations'; 'processed' and 'ultra-processed'. To assess tracking of groups' consumption, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Generalised linear models were fitted to test main associations, mediators and interactions among the variables. Ultra-processed consumption exhibited a fair level of stability between ages 4 and 7 years (r 0·34; ICC = 0·32; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·39), corresponding, respectively, to 27·3 % (1881·9 (SD 908·8) kJ/d) and 29·3 % (2204·5 (SD 961·1) kJ/d) of total energy intake. After adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, higher ultra-processed consumption at 4 years was associated directly with 'Food Responsiveness' (β = 0·019; 95 % CI 0·007, 0·037) and indirectly through energy intake with avoidant traits: 'Food Fussiness' (β = -0·007; 95 % CI 0·002, 0·012) and 'Satiety Responsiveness' (β = -0·007; 95 % CI 0·003, 0·012). Ultra-processed consumption at 4 years old was associated with BMI at 10 years old, but appetitive behaviours were not powerful mediators of this association. The results suggest a path by which ultra-processed products may impact on later appetitive traits and higher BMI in children.
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Afonso L, Rodrigues R, Castro J, Parente N, Teixeira C, Fraga A, Torres S. A Mobile-Based Tailored Recommendation System for Parents of Children with Overweight or Obesity: A New Tool for Health Care Centers. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:779-794. [PMID: 34542511 PMCID: PMC8314285 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with unbalanced lifestyle patterns, and new strategies are needed to support parents in the compliance with the guidelines for children's age. Tailored automatic recommendations mimic interpersonal counseling and are promising strategies to be considered for health promotion programs. This study aimed to develop and test a mobile recommendation system for parents of preschool children identified with overweight/obesity at health care centers. Evidence-based recommendations related to children's eating, drinking, moving, and sleeping habits were developed and tested using a questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted in a health care center to test how using an app with those tailored recommendations, in video format, influenced parents' perceptions of the child's weight status and their knowledge about the guidelines, compared to a control group. The chi-squared test was used for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables (p < 0.05). A high proportion of parents were already informed about the guidelines, but their children were not meeting them. After watching the tailored recommendations, there was an increased knowledge of the guideline on water intake, but there was no improvement in the perception of the child's excessive weight. Parents may benefit from a mobile-based tailored recommendation system to improve their knowledge about the guidelines. However, there is a need to work with parents on motivation to manage the child's weight with additional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Afonso
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rui Rodrigues
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, and INESC TEC, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana Castro
- Maia-Valongo Health Centre Group, Avenida Luís de Camões, n.º 290, 3.º Andar, 4474-004 Maia, Portugal; (J.C.); (N.P.); (C.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Nuno Parente
- Maia-Valongo Health Centre Group, Avenida Luís de Camões, n.º 290, 3.º Andar, 4474-004 Maia, Portugal; (J.C.); (N.P.); (C.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Carina Teixeira
- Maia-Valongo Health Centre Group, Avenida Luís de Camões, n.º 290, 3.º Andar, 4474-004 Maia, Portugal; (J.C.); (N.P.); (C.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Ana Fraga
- Maia-Valongo Health Centre Group, Avenida Luís de Camões, n.º 290, 3.º Andar, 4474-004 Maia, Portugal; (J.C.); (N.P.); (C.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Sandra Torres
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
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Warkentin S, Santos AC, Oliveira A. Associations of appetitive behaviors in 7-year-old children with their cardiometabolic health at 10 years of age. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:810-821. [PMID: 32143895 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis begins early in life, thus optimal cardiovascular health needs to be promoted early. We investigated whether appetitive behaviors among 7 year olds are associated with their cardiometabolic health years later. METHODS AND RESULTS A sample of 2951 children from a Portuguese birth cohort was analyzed. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessed eating behaviors, and a measure of cardiometabolic risk (higher risk group: those in the upper quartile of triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure and in the lower quartile of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol z-scores) was created. Linear and logistic regressions were run. Children with more food avoidant behaviors had lower cardiometabolic risk (Satiety Responsiveness - boys: OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16; 0.93, girls: OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.17; 0.82 and Slowness in eating - boys: OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25; 0.95, girls: OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27; 0.91). Food approach behaviors (Food responsiveness (CEBQ-FR), Enjoyment of food (CEBQ-EF) and Emotional overeating (CEBQ-EOE)) increased cardiometabolic risks (e.g. CEBQ-FR: boys: OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.45; 4.32, girls: OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.46; 3.71). CEBQ-EF had stronger effects in boys, while CEBQ-EOE was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk among girls. When adjusting for BMIz at 7y, associations did not remain significant. Appetitive behaviors were also associated with isolated cardiometabolic parameters; the strongest association being with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Appetitive behaviors at 7-years are associated with cardiometabolic risk at age 10. While 'food avoidant' behaviors protect against cardiometabolic risk and 'food approach' behaviors increase cardiometabolic risk, these associations are largely dependent of child's adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Theocharidis A, McKinlay BJ, Vlachopoulos D, Josse AR, Falk B, Klentrou P. Effects of post exercise protein supplementation on markers of bone turnover in adolescent swimmers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32293471 PMCID: PMC7158004 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of whey protein supplementation, compared with an isocaloric carbohydrate beverage and water, consumed immediately following an intense swimming trial on bone turnover in adolescent swimmers. METHODS Fifty-eight (31 female, 27 male) swimmers (14.1 ± 0.4 years) were stratified into three groups matched for age, sex and body mass. The protein and carbohydrate groups consumed two isocaloric post-exercise beverages each containing 0.3 g.kg- 1 of whey protein (with ~ 6 mg of calcium) or maltodextrin while the control group consumed water. Participants provided a morning, fasted, resting blood sample, then performed an intense swimming trial consisting of a maximal 200 m swim followed by a high intensity interval swimming protocol (5x100m, 5x50m and 5x25m; 1:1 work-to-rest ratio). Following swimming, they consumed their first respective post-exercise beverage, and 2 h later, they performed a second maximal swim immediately followed by the second beverage. Approximately 3 h after the second beverage, two post-consumption blood samples were collected at 8 h and 24 h from baseline. Procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTXI) were measured in serum. The multiples of medians of PINP and CTXI were also used to calculate bone turnover rate and balance. RESULTS No significant changes were observed in PINP. CTXI increased (+ 11%) at 8 h in all groups, but then significantly decreased (- 22%) at 24 h in the protein group only. The protein group also had a significantly higher calculated rate of bone turnover at 8 h and 24 h compared to baseline, which was not observed in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the potential importance of protein consumed shortly after intense swimming in promoting positive bone turnover responses up to 24 h following exercise in adolescent athletes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov PRS; NCT04114045. Registered 1 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Theocharidis
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brandon J McKinlay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrea R Josse
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada. .,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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Doustmohammadian A, Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Omidvar N, Abtahi M, Dadkhah-Piraghaj M, Nikooyeh B, Neyestani TR. Validity and reliability of a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of energy and nutrient intake among Iranian adults. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:95. [PMID: 32093755 PMCID: PMC7038538 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a dish-based, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DFFQ) for epidemiological studies in Iran. The DFFQ included 142 items (84 foods and 58 mixed dishes) which was filled in by 230 adults (110 men). All participants completed two separate DFFQs with a 6 months interval as well as six 24-h recalls, each month. Dietary biomarkers and anthropometric measurements were made. The validity was evaluated by comparing the DFFQ against 24-h dietary recalls and dietary biomarkers, including serum retinol and beta-carotene. Reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and validity was determined by unadjusted and energy adjusted correlation coefficients (CC), de-attenuated CC, and cross-classification analyses. RESULTS ICC for reliability ranged between 0.42 and 0.76. De-attenuated CC for the FFQ and the 24-h recalls ranged between 0.13 and 0.54 (Mean = 0.38). The de-attenuated CC between the DFFQ and plasma levels of retinol and beta-carotene were 0.58 (P = 0.0001) and 0.40 (P = 0.0001), respectively. Cross-classification analysis revealed that on average 73% were correctly classified into same or adjacent quartiles and 5% were classified in opposite quartiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7., Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573 Iran
| | - Maryam Amini
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7., Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573 Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Abtahi
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7., Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573 Iran
| | - Monireh Dadkhah-Piraghaj
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7., Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573 Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7., Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573 Iran
| | - Tirang R. Neyestani
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7., Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573 Iran
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Afonso L, Castro J, Parente N, Torres S. A Comprehensive Assessment of Food Parenting Practices: Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the HomeSTEAD Family Food Practices Survey and Associations with Children's Weight and Food Intake. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:424-440. [PMID: 34542495 PMCID: PMC8314235 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Home Self-Administered Tool for Environmental Assessment of Activity and Diet (HomeSTEAD) survey evaluates a broad spectrum of food parenting practices related to parental use of control, autonomy support, and structure. This study aims to test the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the HomeSTEAD family food practices survey in parents of 3–12 year old children. Data were collected from 184 parents/caregivers. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), calculated the internal consistency coefficients of each subscale, and tested for associations with children’s food intake and weight. Based on the EFA, 61 items were included in the Portuguese version of the HomeSTEAD family food practices survey, and were distributed among four Coercive Control Practices (16 items); five Autonomy Support Practices (17 items); and nine Structure Practices (28 items). All scales demonstrated an acceptable level of internal consistency. A higher body mass index (BMI) SD score in children was associated with higher levels of restriction and weight talk by parents and distractions during meals. Higher levels of distractions during meals were also associated with higher sweets intake in children. Additionally, higher levels of parental modeling and the establishment of rules and limits were associated with lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. These associations provide preliminary evidence of the HomeSTEAD family food practices survey’s construct validity and attest to its potential to assess parental strategies and provide useful information to improve children’s eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Afonso
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Joana Castro
- Viver Mais Family Health Unit, Maia-Valongo Health Centre Group, Avenida Luís de Camões, n.º 290, 3.º andar, 4474-004 Maia, Portugal; (J.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Nuno Parente
- Viver Mais Family Health Unit, Maia-Valongo Health Centre Group, Avenida Luís de Camões, n.º 290, 3.º andar, 4474-004 Maia, Portugal; (J.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Sandra Torres
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
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Gutiérrez-Camacho C, Méndez-Sánchez L, Klünder-Klünder M, Clark P, Denova-Gutiérrez E. Association between Sociodemographic Factors and Dietary Patterns in Children Under 24 Months of Age: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2006. [PMID: 31454895 PMCID: PMC6770717 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding early-life complementary feeding dietary patterns and their determining factors could lead to better ways of improving nutrition in early childhood. The purpose of this review was to evaluate evidence of the association between sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns (DPs) in children under 24 months. METHODS Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central, NICE guidelines, and Trip database were searched for observational studies that evaluated sociodemographic factors and their associations with DP. RESULTS Seven studies were selected for the present review. High education level among mothers was inversely associated with unhealthy DPs and positively associated with healthy DPs. Higher household income was negatively associated with unhealthy DPs. Four studies showed a positive association between low household income and unhealthy DPs and three studies showed a positive association between higher household income and healthy DPs. Additionally, in younger mothers, body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and number of children were positively associated with unhealthy DPs. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence of a positive association between mothers' higher education level, higher household income, higher maternal age, and healthy dietary patterns as well as a negative association between these factors and unhealthy dietary patterns. Further studies from low- and middle-income countries are needed for comparison with associations showed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gutiérrez-Camacho
- Physical Therapy Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, and Medicine Faculty of Autonomous National University, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Lucia Méndez-Sánchez
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, and Medicine Faculty of Autonomous National University, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Research Headmaster's Office, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Patricia Clark
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, and Medicine Faculty of Autonomous National University, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos.
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Adherence to a healthy eating index from pre-school to school age and its associations with sociodemographic and early life factors. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:220-230. [PMID: 31196225 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Childhood is considered an important period for the development of healthy eating behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of early life factors and sociodemographic characteristics, including early diet quality, on diet quality at 7 years. The sample includes 5013 children evaluated at the ages of 4 and 7 years from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI with complete information on FFQ. A healthy eating index was developed at both ages to assess adherence to the WHO's dietary recommendations, including eight food groups. Consumption quartiles were obtained for each group at 4 years and assigned a score between 1 and 4. A higher score represents a higher adherence to a better diet (range: 8 to 32). The associations between early life factors and sociodemographic characteristics and the score of the healthy eating index at 7 years were evaluated through linear regression models. The healthy eating index had an average score of 21⋅4 ± 3⋅53 (range: 12 to 32) at 4 years and 20⋅3 ± 3⋅36 (range: 11 to 31) at 7 years. After adjustment for confounders, a positive association was found between the healthy eating index at 4 and 7 years (β = 0⋅384, 95 % CI 0⋅356, 0⋅441). Maternal years of education (β = 0⋅094, 95 % CI 0⋅071, 0⋅116) and dietary score (β = 0⋅182, 95 % CI 0⋅155, 0⋅209) were positively associated with increasing dietary quality from 4 to 7 years. A healthier diet at preschool age, higher maternal education and a healthier diet increase the likelihood of maintaining a high healthy eating index score at school age.
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Pinto A, Santos AC, Lopes C, Oliveira A. Dietary patterns at 7 year-old and their association with cardiometabolic health at 10 year-old. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1195-1202. [PMID: 31133488 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diet is usually represented as single foods or dietary patterns not related with a specific outcome, and its cardiometabolic effects at early ages are not clearly understood. This study aims to assess whether dietary patterns derived at 7 years of age have an effect on cardiometabolic health at 10 year-old. METHODS This study uses data from the Generation XXI birth cohort (northern Portugal, 2005-2006). Dietary data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire at 7 year-old and dietary patterns were previously derived through partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis and latent class analysis. At 10 year-old, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured, and blood samples were drawn to analyze cardiometabolic parameters. Linear regression coefficients and 99% confidence intervals [βˆ (99% CI)] were computed (covariates: birth weight, gestational age, physical activity, maternal age and education) (n = 3350). RESULTS A dietary pattern that explains the BMI z-score at 10 year-old (PLS-1, characterized by the intake of processed meat, energy-dense foods and low in vegetables) was significantly associated with SBP (βˆ = 0.052, 99% CI:0.022; 0.082), DBP (βˆ = 0.043, 99% CI: 0.022; 0.065), triglycerides (βˆ = 0.065, 99% CI: 0.026; 0.104), HDL-cholesterol (βˆ = -0.059, 99% CI: -0.099; -0.019), LDL-cholesterol (βˆ = 0.040, 99% CI: 0.001; 0.080) and HOMA-IR (βˆ = 0.110, 99% CI: 0.071; 0.149). After further adjustment for BMI at 10 year-old, the magnitude of the associations was weakened. No associations were observed between the other derived dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health. CONCLUSIONS Adherence at 7 years of age to a dietary pattern rich in energy-dense foods, processed meat and low in vegetables, may increase several cardiometabolic parameters at 10 years of age. BMI at 10 year-old explained part of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Pinto
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Ciêncas da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Ciêncas da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Ciêncas da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Ciêncas da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Vilela S, Oliveira A, Severo M, Lopes C. Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight Status. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:332-342. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730419838908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The time of eating has been considered to have an important role in weight regulation. However, it is unknown if there are specific daily patterns of energy and macronutrient distribution that could be more beneficial for metabolic outcomes, especially obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of time-of-day energy and macronutrient intake at 4 y of age on the weight status at 7 y of age. The study sample included 1961 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with data on 3-day food diaries at 4 y and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 7 y. Dietary patterns based on the collected data were obtained for the distribution of energy and macronutrients across eating occasions. Having a relatively higher energy intake at lunch and supper (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) or at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) at 4 y was associated with higher odds of becoming overweight/obese at 7 y. A relatively higher intake of fat at lunch was positively associated with later children’s odds for being overweight or obese (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.32). These associations were independent of the effect on children’s eating behaviors related to appetite. Our results also show a detrimental relation between skipping breakfast and eating late in the day and children’s body weight. Considering all daily eating occasions, a higher proportion of energy and macronutrient intake at the main meals and a lower proportion during the afternoon and evening seems to be more beneficial for children’s weight. These results emphasize the important role of daily food intake rhythm on excessive weight gain in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Okuda M, Asakura K, Sasaki S. Protein Intake Estimated from Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire and Urinary Urea Nitrogen Level in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E319. [PMID: 30717308 PMCID: PMC6412261 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the validity of the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ15y) to estimate the protein intake in 248 Japanese secondary school students (mean age = 14.2 years), using urinary biomarkers as references. Participants provided three samples of overnight urine for measurement of urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, underwent anthropometric measurements, and answered the questionnaires. Additionally, 58 students provided 24-h urine specimens. A significant correlation was observed between excretion of urea nitrogen in overnight and 24-h urine specimens (ρ = 0.527; p < 0.001), with biases ≤5.8%. The mean daily protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers was 76.4 ± 20.4 g/d in males and 65.4 ± 16.9 g/d in females, and the mean protein intake estimated from the BDHQ15y (PRTbdhq) was 89.3 ± 33.7 g/d in males and 79.6 ± 24.6 g/d in females. Crude and energy-adjusted coefficients of correlation between PRTbdhq and protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers were 0.205 (p = 0.001; 0.247 for males and 0.124 for females), and 0.204 (p = 0.001; 0.302 for males and 0.109 for females), respectively. The BDHQ15y is a low-cost tool to assess protein intake of a large population, instead of a weakness of overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okuda
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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