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Dobrowolski H, Szumigaj B, Włodarek D, Kazimierczak R, Obidzińska J, Rembiałkowska E. Dietary intake of polish organic and conventional fruit growers and their life partners - a pilot study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345402. [PMID: 38686036 PMCID: PMC11056513 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is one of the elements that contribute to health and quality of life. There are significant discrepancies between the diets of people living in different regions, with different beliefs, or with different approaches to sustainability and ecology. There is a lack of research on dietary intake among organic and conventional fruit growers. The aim of our study was to examine the diets of orchardists and their immediate life partners in terms of meeting energy requirements, nutrient intake and fulfillment of dietary recommendations in this group. Fifty-three participants (28 in the organic group and 25 in the conventional group) took part in the study. Dietary data were obtained using the 3-day dietary record. Body mass and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Physical activity was estimated using a questionnaire method. The study group was aged 44 ± 8 years, with a body weight of 84 ± 16 kg and a height of 172 ± 9 cm. The mean BMI was 28 ± 4 kg/m2. Mean energy intake with diet was 2170 ± 606 kcal/day with needs of 3002 (1991-5144) kcal/day. A significant proportion of the study group did not fulfill their calcium and vitamin D requirements. In addition, a significant proportion of the conventional fruit growers did not cover their needs for potassium, magnesium and vitamins: E, C, and folate. Both groups had too high an intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, and too low an intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, the orchardists' diets mostly provided adequate amounts of nutrients, with inadequate intakes of calcium, vitamin D, cholesterol, and fatty acids. The diets of organic fruit growers were significantly richer in selected nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szumigaj
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Włodarek
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Kazimierczak
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Obidzińska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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Ru Y, Zhang X, Shen B, Yang C, Yu H, Liu Z, Wu X, Li F, Cui J, Lai C, Wang Y, Gao Y. Delayed Reaction of Radiation on the Central Nervous System and Bone System in C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:337. [PMID: 38203507 PMCID: PMC10779003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a suitable mouse model of radiation-induced delayed reaction and identify potential targets for drug development related to the prevention and treatment of radiation injury. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to singular (109 cGy/min, 5 Gy*1) and fractional (109 cGy/min, 5 Gy*2) total body irradiation. The behavior and activity of mice were assessed 60 days after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. After that, the pathological changes and mechanism of the mouse brain and femoral tissues were observed by HE, Nissl, Trap staining micro-CT scanning and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and Western blot. The results show that singular or fractional IR exposure led to a decrease in spatial memory ability and activity in mice, and the cognitive and motor functions gradually recovered after singular 5 Gy IR in a time-dependent manner, while the fractional 10 Gy IR group could not recover. The decrease in bone density due to the increase in osteoclast number may be relative to the down-regulation of RUNX2, sclerostin, and beta-catenin. Meanwhile, the brain injury caused by IR exposure is mainly linked to the down-regulation of BNDF and Tau. IR exposure leads to memory impairment, reduced activity, and self-recovery, which are associated with time and dose. The mechanism of cognitive and activity damage was mainly related to oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by DNA damage. The damage caused by fractional 10 Gy TBI is relatively stable and can be used as a stable multi-organ injury model for radiation mechanism research and anti-radiation medicine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.R.); (X.Z.); (B.S.); (C.Y.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.R.); (X.Z.); (B.S.); (C.Y.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
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Jeong C, Kim J, Lee J, Lim Y, Lim DJ, Baek KH, Ha J. Effect of Denosumab on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comparison with and without Calcium Supplementation in Patients on Standard Diets in Korea. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6904. [PMID: 37959369 PMCID: PMC10649665 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The side effects and safety issues tied to calcium supplementation raise questions about its necessity in osteoporosis treatment. We retrospectively evaluated 189 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab for 12 months. Patients exhibited neither renal dysfunction nor compromised general dietary intake. Patients were divided into three groups as follows: group A, weekly vitamin D 7000 IU; group B, daily vitamin D 1000 IU with elemental calcium 100 mg; and group C, daily vitamin D 1000 IU with elemental calcium 500 mg. All groups showed significant increases in bone density: +6.4 ± 4.7% for the lumbar spine, +2.2 ± 3.5% for the femoral neck, and +2.4 ± 3.8% for the total hip in group A; +7.0 ± 10.9% for the lumbar spine, +2.3 ± 5.2% for the femoral neck, and +2.4 ± 3.8% for the total hip in group B; and + 6.7 ± 8.7% for the lumbar spine, +2.5 ± 8.4% for the femoral neck, and +2.3 ± 4.0% for the total hip in group C. Serum calcium levels increased over time in all three groups with no significant difference. Changes in CTX and P1NP levels did not differ between the groups (all p > 0.05). With regular dietary intake, calcium supplementation levels showed no significant effect on bone density, bone marker changes, or hypocalcemia incidence during denosumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiho Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yejee Lim
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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Nair P, Orford N, Kerschan-Schindl K. Micronutrient intake to protect against osteoporosis during and after critical illness. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:557-563. [PMID: 37650707 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improved survival from critical illness has enhanced the focus on ways to augment functional outcomes following discharge from the Intensive Care Unit. An area that is gaining increased attention is the effect of critical illness on bone health and fragility fractures following the episode. This review discusses the micronutrients that may play a role in bone metabolism and the potential benefits of their supplementation to prevent osteoporosis. These include calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin K, and certain trace elements. FINDINGS Although there is sound physiological basis for the involvement of these micronutrients in bone health and fracture prevention, there are few clinically relevant publications in this area with calcium and vitamin D being the best studied to date. SUMMARY In the absence of high-quality evidence in critically ill populations, attention to measurement and supplementation of these micronutrients as per current guidelines outlining micronutrient requirements in enteral and parenteral nutrition might mitigate bone loss and its sequelae in the recovery phase from critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Nair
- Intensive Care Unit, St. Vincents Hospital
- University of New South Wales
- Critical Care and Trauma Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil Orford
- Intensive Care Unit, Geelong University Hospital
- Deakin University
- ANZICS Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharina Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Martins MJ. Comment on: Abdalbary et al. Impact of urinary calcium excretion on kidney, bone, and cardiovascular systems in patients with bone biopsy proven osteoporosis: a longitudinal long-term follow-up study. Osteoporos Int. 2023 Apr;34(4):763-774. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1815-1816. [PMID: 37578511 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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Gan J, Xiao Z, Wang K, Kong X, Du M, Wang Z, Xu B, Cheng Y. Isolation, characterization, and molecular docking analyses of novel calcium-chelating peptide from soy yogurt and the study of its calcium chelation mechanism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2939-2948. [PMID: 36460619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential dietary mineral nutrient for humans. Digestive instability limits the bioavailability of calcium ions. Peptide-calcium chelate has been proven to excite higher calcium absorption than amino acid-calcium chelate, organic and inorganic calcium. Soy yogurt, which is produced via liquid-state fermentation using lactic acid bacteria, has a high amount of bioavailable calcium. In this study, a novel peptide with high calcium binding affinity was purified and identified from soy yogurt. The binding mechanism of peptide and calcium was then analyzed by bioinformatics and spectral analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the novel peptide on gastrointestinal stability by the Caco-2 cell model and calcium bioavailability in vivo were investigated by the zebrafish model. RESULTS The results showed that a novel peptide was purified and identified as DEDEQIPSHPPR (CBP). Calcium ions probably coordinate with Glu-2 and Glu-4 carboxyl groups via salt bridges and interact with Asp-1, Asp-3, and Arg-12 in CBP via charge pairing. The calcium binding activity of the CBP was 36.64 ± 0.04 mg g-1 . Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that calcium spontaneously bound to the amino group nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group. The binding mode is either bidentate or unidentate, depending on the circumstances. More importantly, the CBP peptide substantially increased the bone mass in a zebrafish osteoporosis model. CONCLUSION The more glutamic acid and aspartic acid, the high was the calcium affinity with peptide. Soy yogurt-derived peptides can be used as carriers of calcium ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract, which may be clinically useful for osteoporosis therapy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqun Xiao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuaitian Wang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengdi Du
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Suzuki K, Tsujiguchi H, Hara A, Miyagi S, Nguyen TTT, Kambayashi Y, Shimizu Y, Suzuki F, Takazawa C, Nakamura M, Tsuboi H, Kannon T, Tajima A, Nakamura H. Bone Strength of the Calcaneus Is Associated with Dietary Calcium Intake in Older Japanese Men, but Not Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245225. [PMID: 36558384 PMCID: PMC9781445 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between calcium intake and bone strength in older Asian individuals, including Japanese, is controversial; therefore, we herein investigated this relationship in older Japanese populations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 314 participants older than 65 years who voluntarily participated in a medical examination and responded to questionnaires. The osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) measured at the right calcaneus using a quantitative ultrasonic device was used as an indicator of bone strength. The daily dietary intake of calcium was assessed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. A two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between sex and calcium intake on the OSI (p < 0.01). A multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between calcium intake and the OSI in males (p < 0.01), but not females (p = 0.27). In females, grip strength divided by body weight positively correlated with the OSI (p = 0.04). The present results suggest that a higher calcium intake contributes to bone strength in older Japanese males. Although a higher grip strength may contribute to bone strength in females, the potential of estrogen as a confounding factor needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-265-2218
| | - Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sakae Miyagi
- Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Thao Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong 04000-05000, Vietnam
| | - Yasuhiro Kambayashi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-0085, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yukari Shimizu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu 923-8511, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Community Medicine Support Dentistry, Ohu University Hospital, Koriyama 963-8611, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chie Takazawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Human Nursing, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522-8533, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1101, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
- Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
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Liu Y, Le S, Liu Y, Jiang H, Ruan B, Huang Y, Ao X, Shi X, Fu X, Wang S. The effect of calcium supplementation in people under 35 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. eLife 2022; 11:79002. [PMID: 36164828 PMCID: PMC9514846 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in people under 35 years old is inconclusive. To comprehensively summarize the evidence for the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in young populations (≤35 years). Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Pubmed, Embase, ProQuest, CENTRAL, WHO Global Index Medicus, Clinical Trials.gov, WHO ICTRP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data databases were systematically searched from database inception to April 25, 2021. Randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) in people under 35 years old. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified 43 studies involving 7,382 subjects. Moderate certainty of evidence showed that calcium supplementation was associated with the accretion of BMD and BMC, especially on femoral neck (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.627, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.338–0.915; SMD 0.364, 95% CI 0.134–0.595; respectively) and total body (SMD 0.330, 95% CI 0.163–0.496; SMD 0.149, 95% CI 0.006–0.291), also with a slight improvement effect on lumbar spine BMC (SMD 0.163, 95% CI 0.008–0.317), no effects on total hip BMD and BMC and lumbar spine BMD were observed. Very interestingly, subgroup analyses suggested that the improvement of bone at femoral neck was more pronounced in the peripeak bone mass (PBM) population (20–35 years) than the pre-PBM population (<20 years). Conclusions: Our findings provided novel insights and evidence in calcium supplementation, which showed that calcium supplementation significantly improves bone mass, implying that preventive calcium supplementation before or around achieving PBM may be a shift in the window of intervention for osteoporosis. Funding: This work was supported by Wenzhou Medical University grant [89219029]. Osteoporosis and bone fractures are common problems among older people, particularly older women. These conditions cause disability and reduce quality of life. Progressive loss of bone mineral density is usually the culprit. So far, strategies to prevent bone weakening with age have produced disappointing results. For example, taking calcium supplements in later life only slightly reduces the risk of osteoporosis or fracture. New approaches are needed. Bone mass increases gradually early in life and peaks and plateaus around 20-35 years of age. After that period, bone mass slowly declines. Some scientists suspect that increasing calcium intake during this period of peak bone mass may reduce osteoporosis or fracture risk later in life. A meta-analysis by Liu, Le et al. shows that boosting calcium intake in young adulthood strengthens bones. The researchers analyzed data from 43 randomized controlled trials that enrolled 7,382 participants. About half the studies looked at the effects of taking calcium supplements and the other half analyzed the effects of a high calcium diet. Boosting calcium intake in people younger than age 35 improved bone mineral density throughout the body. It also increased bone mineral density at the femoral neck, where most hip fractures occur. Calcium supplementation produced larger effects in individuals between the ages of 20 and 35 than in people younger than 20. Both high calcium diets and calcium supplements with doses less than 1000 mg/d boosted bone strength. Higher dose calcium supplements did not provide any extra benefits. The analysis suggests people should pay more attention to bone health during early adulthood. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the long-term benefits of boosting calcium intake during early adulthood. But if the results are validated, taking calcium supplements, or eating more calcium-rich foods between the ages of 20 and 35 may help individuals build healthier bones and prevent fractures and osteoporosis later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyu Le
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huinan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Binye Ruan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Ao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
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Wang L, Song P, Cheng C, Han P, Fu L, Chen X, Yu H, Yu X, Hou L, Zhang Y, Guo Q. The Added Value of Combined Timed Up and Go Test, Walking Speed, and Grip Strength on Predicting Recurrent Falls in Chinese Community-dwelling Elderly. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1801-1812. [PMID: 34675495 PMCID: PMC8502011 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s325930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether combined performance-based models could exert better predictive values toward discriminating community-dwelling elderly with high risk of any-falls or recurrent-falls. Participants and Methods This prospective cohort study included a total of 875 elderly participants (mean age: 67.10±5.94 years) with 513 females and 362 males, recruited from Hangu suburb area of Tianjin, China. All participants completed comprehensive assessments. Methods We documented information about sociodemographic information, behavioral characteristics and medical conditions. Three functional tests—timed up and go test (TUGT), walking speed (WS), and grip strength (GS) were used to create combined models. New onsets of any-falls and recurrent-falls were ascertained at one-year follow-up appointment. Results In total 200 individuals experienced falls over a one-year period, in which 66 individuals belonged to the recurrent-falls group (33%). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the cutoff points of TUGT, WS, and GS toward recurrent-falls were 10.31 s, 0.9467 m/s and 0.3742 kg/kg respectively. We evaluated good performance as “+” while poor performance as “–”. After multivariate adjustment, we found “TUGT >10.31 s” showed a strong correlation with both any-falls (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.025; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.425–2.877) and recurrent-falls (adjusted OR=2.150; 95%CI=1.169–3.954). Among combined functional models, “TUGT >10.31 s, GS <0.3742 kg/kg, WS >0.9467 m/s” showed strongest correlation with both any-falls (adjusted OR=5.499; 95%CI=2.982–10.140) and recurrent-falls (adjusted OR=8.260; 95%CI=3.880–17.585). And this combined functional model significantly increased discriminating abilities on screening recurrent-fallers than a single test (C-statistics=0.815, 95%CI=0.782–0.884, P<0.001), while not better than a single test in predicting any-fallers (P=0.083). Conclusion Elderly people with poor TUGT performance, weaker GS but quicker WS need to be given high priority toward fall prevention strategies for higher risks and frequencies. Meanwhile, the combined “TUGT–, GS–, WS+” model presents increased discriminating ability and could be used as a conventional tool to discriminate recurrent-fallers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Han
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairui Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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