1
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Drake GA, Keating LP, Huang C, Shim M. Colloidal Multi-Dot Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9074-9083. [PMID: 38517010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal nanorod heterostructures consisting of multiple quantum dots within a nanorod (n-DNRs, where n is the number of quantum dots within a nanorod) are synthesized with alternating segments of CdSe "dot" and CdS "rod" via solution heteroepitaxy. The reaction temperature, time dependent ripening, and asymmetry of the wurtzite lattice and the resulting anisotropy of surface ligand steric hindrance are exploited to vary the morphology of the growing quantum dot segments. The alternating CdSe and CdS growth steps can be easily repeated to increment the dot number in unidirectional or bidirectional growth regimes. As an initial exploration of electron occupation effects on their optical properties, asymmetric 2-DNRs consisting of two dots of different lengths and diameters are synthesized and are shown to exhibit a change in color and an unusual photoluminescence quantum yield increase upon photochemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gryphon A Drake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Logan P Keating
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Conan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Watkins NE, Diroll BT, Williams KR, Liu Y, Greene CL, Wasielewski MR, Schaller RD. Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Electron-Hole Quantum Droplets in Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9605-9612. [PMID: 38497777 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional cadmium selenide nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit large absorption cross sections and homogeneously broadened band-edge transitions that offer utility in wide-ranging optoelectronic applications. Here, we examine the temperature-dependence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in 4- and 5-monolayer thick NPLs and show that the threshold for close-packed (neat) films decreases with decreasing temperature by a factor of 2-10 relative to ambient temperature owing to extrinsic (trapping) and intrinsic (phonon-derived line width) factors. Interestingly, for pump intensities that exceed the ASE threshold, we find development of intense emission to lower energy in particular provided that the film temperature is ≤200 K. For NPLs diluted in an inert polymer, both biexcitonic ASE and low-energy emission are suppressed, suggesting that described neat-film observables rely upon high chromophore density and rapid, collective processes. Transient emission spectra reveal ultrafast red-shifting with the time of the lower energy emission. Taken together, these findings indicate a previously unreported process of amplified stimulated emission from polyexciton states that is consistent with quantum droplets and constitutes a form of exciton condensate. For studied samples, quantum droplets form provided that roughly 17 meV or less of thermal energy is available, which we hypothesize relates to polyexciton binding energy. Polyexciton ASE can produce pump-fluence-tunable red-shifted ASE even 120 meV lower in energy than biexciton ASE. Our findings convey the importance of biexciton and polyexciton populations in nanoplatelets and show that quantum droplets can exhibit light amplification at significantly lower photon energies than biexcitonic ASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas E Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kali R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chelsie L Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Kurtina DA, Zaytsev VB, Vasiliev RB. Chirality in Atomically Thin CdSe Nanoplatelets Capped with Thiol-Free Amino Acid Ligands: Circular Dichroism vs. Carboxylate Group Coordination. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:237. [PMID: 38204090 PMCID: PMC10779562 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chiral semiconductor nanostructures and nanoparticles are promising materials for applications in biological sensing, enantioselective separation, photonics, and spin-polarized devices. Here, we studied the induction of chirality in atomically thin only two-monolayer-thick CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) grown using a colloidal method and exchanged with L-alanine and L-phenylalanine as model thiol-free chiral ligands. We have developed a novel two-step approach to completely exchange the native oleic acid ligands for chiral amino acids at the basal planes of NPLs. We performed an analysis of the optical and chiroptical properties of the chiral CdSe nanoplatelets with amino acids, which was supplemented by an analysis of the composition and coordination of ligands. After the exchange, the nanoplatelets retained heavy-hole, light-hole, and spin-orbit split-off exciton absorbance and bright heavy-hole exciton luminescence. Capping with thiol-free enantiomer amino acid ligands induced the pronounced chirality of excitons in the nanoplatelets, as proven by circular dichroism spectroscopy, with a high dissymmetry g-factor of up to 3.4 × 10-3 achieved for heavy-hole excitons in the case of L-phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Kurtina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir B. Zaytsev
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Roman B. Vasiliev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Tang L, Zhang C, Liao C, Liu Y, Cheng Y. In Situ Sintering of CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals under Electron Beam Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3082. [PMID: 38132980 PMCID: PMC10745287 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted widespread attention due to their tremendous electrical and optical properties. Nanoparticles exhibit a strong tendency to aggregate and sinter in a short period of time during processing or use due to their large surface area-to-volume ratio, which may lead to significant changes in their required performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on the sintering process and mechanism of nanoparticles to maintain their stability. Here, the sintering process of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals under continuous electron beam irradiation was studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the early stages of sintering, CdSe/CdS nanocrystals approached each other at a distance of approximately 1-2 nm. As the exposure time to the electron beam increased, the movement of surface atoms on the nanocrystals led to contact between them. Subsequently, the atoms on the contact surfaces underwent rapid motion, resulting in the rapid formation of the neck between the particles. The neck formation between adjacent particles provides strong evidence of a sintering mechanism dominated by surface atom diffusion rather than Ostwald ripening. Further research in this area could lead to the development of improved methods to prevent sintering and enhance the stability of nanocrystals, ultimately contributing to the advancement of nanomaterial-based devices and materials with long-lasting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chen Liao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yonghao Cheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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5
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Tanghe I, Samoli M, Wagner I, Cayan SA, Khan AH, Chen K, Hodgkiss J, Moreels I, Thourhout DV, Hens Z, Geiregat P. Optical gain and lasing from bulk cadmium sulfide nanocrystals through bandgap renormalization. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1423-1429. [PMID: 37798564 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Strongly confined colloidal quantum dots have been investigated for low-cost light emission and lasing for nearly two decades. However, known materials struggle to combine technologically relevant metrics of low-threshold and long inverted-state lifetime with a material gain coefficient fit to match cavity losses, particularly under electrical excitation. Here we show that bulk nanocrystals of CdS combine an exceptionally large material gain of 50,000 cm-1 with best-in-class gain thresholds below a single exciton per nanocrystal and 3 ns gain lifetimes not limited by non-radiative Auger processes. We quantitatively account for these findings by invoking a strong bandgap renormalization effect, unobserved in nanocrystals to date, to the best of our knowledge. Next, we demonstrate broadband amplified spontaneous emission and lasing under quasi-continuous-wave conditions. Our results highlight the prospects of bulk nanocrystals for lasing from solution-processable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Tanghe
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- NoLIMITS Center For Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Margarita Samoli
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Isabella Wagner
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Servet Ataberk Cayan
- NoLIMITS Center For Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ali Hossain Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
- Ghent University, Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Justin Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dries Van Thourhout
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- NoLIMITS Center For Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- NoLIMITS Center For Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- NoLIMITS Center For Non-Linear Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
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6
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Liu L, Bai B, Yang X, Du Z, Jia G. Anisotropic Heavy-Metal-Free Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3625-3692. [PMID: 36946890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb)-containing semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been explored widely due to their unique optical and electrical properties. However, the toxicity risks of heavy metals can be a drawback of heavy-metal-containing NCs in some applications. Anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs are desirable replacements and can be realized following the establishment of anisotropic growth mechanisms. These anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs can possess lower toxicity risks, while still exhibiting unique optical and electrical properties originating from both the morphological and compositional anisotropy. As a result, they are promising light-emitting materials in use various applications. In this review, we provide an overview on the syntheses, properties, and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs. In the first section, we discuss hazards of heavy metals and introduce the typical heavy-metal-containing and heavy-metal-free NCs. In the next section, we discuss anisotropic growth mechanisms, including solution-liquid-solid (SLS), oriented attachment, ripening, templated-assisted growth, and others. We discuss mechanisms leading both to morphological anisotropy and to compositional anisotropy. Examples of morphological anisotropy include growth of nanorods (NRs)/nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanoplatelets (NPLs)/nanosheets, nanocubes, and branched structures. Examples of compositional anisotropy, including heterostructures and core/shell structures, are summarized. Third, we provide insights into the properties of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including optical polarization, fast electron transfer, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), and so on, which originate from the NCs' anisotropic morphologies and compositions. Finally, we summarize some applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including catalysis, solar cells, photodetectors, lighting-emitting diodes (LEDs), and biological applications. Despite the huge progress on the syntheses and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs, some issues still exist in the novel anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs and the corresponding energy conversion applications. Therefore, we also discuss the challenges of this field and provide possible solutions to tackle these challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guohua Jia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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7
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Diroll BT, Guzelturk B, Po H, Dabard C, Fu N, Makke L, Lhuillier E, Ithurria S. 2D II-VI Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Material Synthesis to Optoelectronic Integration. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3543-3624. [PMID: 36724544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of colloidal synthesis of semiconductors emerged 40 years ago and has reached a certain level of maturity thanks to the use of nanocrystals as phosphors in commercial displays. In particular, II-VI semiconductors based on cadmium, zinc, or mercury chalcogenides can now be synthesized with tailored shapes, composition by alloying, and even as nanocrystal heterostructures. Fifteen years ago, II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets injected new ideas into this field. Indeed, despite the emergence of other promising semiconductors such as halide perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, colloidal II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets remain among the narrowest room-temperature emitters that can be synthesized over a wide spectral range, and they exhibit good material stability over time. Such nanoplatelets are scientifically and technologically interesting because they exhibit optical features and production advantages at the intersection of those expected from colloidal quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. In organic solvents, gram-scale syntheses can produce nanoparticles with the same thicknesses and optical properties without inhomogeneous broadening. In such nanoplatelets, quantum confinement is limited to one dimension, defined at the atomic scale, which allows them to be treated as quantum wells. In this review, we discuss the synthetic developments, spectroscopic properties, and applications of such nanoplatelets. Covering growth mechanisms, we explain how a thorough understanding of nanoplatelet growth has enabled the development of nanoplatelets and heterostructured nanoplatelets with multiple emission colors, spatially localized excitations, narrow emission, and high quantum yields over a wide spectral range. Moreover, nanoplatelets, with their large lateral extension and their thin short axis and low dielectric surroundings, can support one or several electron-hole pairs with large exciton binding energies. Thus, we also discuss how the relaxation processes and lifetime of the carriers and excitons are modified in nanoplatelets compared to both spherical quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. Finally, we explore how nanoplatelets, with their strong and narrow emission, can be considered as ideal candidates for pure-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), strong gain media for lasers, or for use in luminescent light concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hong Po
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ningyuan Fu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Makke
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Gökbulut B. A hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator based on a partially encapsulated 1D photonic crystal waveguide and a plasmonic nanoparticle. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12346. [PMID: 36582706 PMCID: PMC9792738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator is proposed. The device consists of a partially encapsulated 1D photonic crystal waveguide and a plasmonic nanoparticle to yield high radiation efficiency for integrated photonic platforms, owing to a high Q-factor and a small mode volume. The design of the resonator is accomplished in two consecutive steps: first of all, a partially encapsulated photonic crystal nanobeam with a robust mechanical stability and a high-Q factor is prepared; secondly, a plasmonic nanoparticle is placed on the surface of the nanobeam to interact the optical mode with the localized surface plasmons of the gold nanoparticle which is being present in the vicinity of the radiating dipole. Strongly enhanced electromagnetic field, regenerated through the optical mode field inside the hybrid resonator, enables to reduce the optical mode volume of the device and significantly enhance the Purcell factor.
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9
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Anand A, Zaffalon ML, Cova F, Pinchetti V, Khan AH, Carulli F, Brescia R, Meinardi F, Moreels I, Brovelli S. Optical and Scintillation Properties of Record-Efficiency CdTe Nanoplatelets toward Radiation Detection Applications. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8900-8907. [PMID: 36331389 PMCID: PMC9706671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdTe nanoplatelets featuring a large absorption coefficient and ultrafast tunable luminescence coupled with heavy-metal-based composition present themselves as highly desirable candidates for radiation detection technologies. Historically, however, these nanoplatelets have suffered from poor emission efficiency, hindering progress in exploring their technological potential. Here, we report the synthesis of CdTe nanoplatelets possessing a record emission efficiency of 9%. This enables us to investigate their fundamental photophysics using ultrafast transient absorption, temperature-controlled photoluminescence, and radioluminescence measurements, elucidating the origins of exciton- and defect-related phenomena under both optical and ionizing excitation. For the first time in CdTe nanoplatelets, we report the cumulative effects of a giant oscillator strength transition and exciton fine structure. Simultaneously, thermally stimulated luminescence measurements reveal the presence of both shallow and deep trap states and allow us to disclose the trapping and detrapping dynamics and their influence on the scintillation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo L. Zaffalon
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cova
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Carulli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000Ghent, Belgium
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163Genova, Italy
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10
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Wang L, Yang M, Zhang S, Niu C, Lv Y. Perovskite Random Lasers, Process and Prospects. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2040. [PMID: 36557338 PMCID: PMC9783485 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Random lasers (RLs) are a kind of coherent light source with optical feedback based on disorder-induced multiple scattering effects instead of a specific cavity. The unique feedback mechanism makes RLs different from conventional lasers. They have the advantages of small volume, flexible shape, omnidirectional emission, etc., and have broad application prospects in the fields of laser illumination, speckle-free imaging, display, and sensing. Colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanomaterials are a hot research field in light sources. They have been considered as desired gain media owing to their superior properties, such as high photoluminescence, tunable emission wavelengths, and easy fabrication processes. In this review, we summarize the research progress of RLs based on perovskite nanomaterials. We first present the evolution of the RLs based on the perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and perovskite films. The fabrication process of perovskite nano-/microstructures and lasers is discussed in detail. After that, the frontier applications of perovskite RLs are discussed. Finally, the challenges are discussed, and the prospects for further development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Lv
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Y.L.)
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11
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Belitsch M, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Pichler K, Rotter S, Ghalgaoui A, Ditlbacher H, Hohenau A, Krenn JR. Gain and lasing from CdSe/CdS nanoplatelet stripe waveguides. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Hu A, Bai P, Zhu Y, Tang Z, Xiao L, Gao Y. Controlled Core/Crown Growth Enables Blue-Emitting Colloidal Nanoplatelets with Efficient and Pure Photoluminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204120. [PMID: 36135780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) feature ultranarrow and anisotropic emissions. However, the optical performance of blue-emitting NPLs is deteriorated by trap states, currently exhibiting tainted emissions and inferior photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Here, near trap-free blue-emitting NPLs are achieved by the controlled growth of the core/crown. Deep trap states in NPLs can be partially suppressed with the asymmetrical crown growth and are further suppressed with the growth of the small core and the alloyed symmetrical crown, yielding NPLs with pure blue emissions and near-unity PLQYs. Exciton dynamic research based on these NPLs indicates that the trap emission stems from surface traps. Besides, light-emitting diodes exhibiting ultranarrow emission centered around 461 nm with full-width-at-half-maximums down to 11 nm are fabricated using these NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunke Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, P. R. China
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13
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Bai P, Hu A, Deng Y, Tang Z, Yu W, Hao Y, Yang S, Zhu Y, Xiao L, Jin Y, Gao Y. CdSe/CdSeS Nanoplatelet Light-Emitting Diodes with Ultrapure Green Color and High External Quantum Efficiency. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9051-9057. [PMID: 36153736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal II-VI group nanoplatelets (NPLs) possess ultranarrow emission line widths, for which they have great promise in achieving the purest display color in solution-processed light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Red NPL-LEDs have shown extremely saturated red color with high efficiency, while the green and blue ones lag far behind. Herein, we report green NPL-LEDs with the purest color in accordance with the Rec. 2020 standard and the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.78%. By carefully controlling the aspect ratio, capping ligands, and purifications of CdSe/CdSeS core/alloyed-crown NPLs, NPL films with excellent flatness and unity photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are realized, laying a solid foundation for improving LED performance. Furthermore, via tuning the carrier injection balance, the record-high EQE for green NPL-LEDs is achieved. The electroluminescence (EL) exhibits an extremely saturated green color with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.163 0.786), which demonstrates their great potential in applications of ultrahigh-definition display technology. Our findings would help to further improve the performance of all NPL-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - An Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunzhou Deng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanlei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunke Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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14
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Jiang Z, Tang Y, Antu AD, Premathilaka SM, Cayer ML, Heckman CA, Moroz P, Zamkov M, Sun L. Colloidal Nanoribbons: From Infrared to Visible. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8987-8992. [PMID: 36149015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using the cation-exchange method, colloidal PbS nanoribbons are converted completely into CdS nanoribbons. This process expands the emission spectrum of the nanoribbons from infrared to visible. The morphology of nanoribbons remains the same after cation exchange, but the crystal structure changes from rock salt to zincblende. CdS nanoribbons exhibit blue band-edge photoluminescence under ultraviolet-light excitation. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of the CdS nanoribbons shows multicolor (blue, green, and red) emissions. Further time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy studies show that the lifetime of the midgap states is more than 2 orders of magnitude longer than that of the band-edge states.
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15
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Zhao Y, Feng J, Chen G, Wu JJ, Wang XD, Jiang L, Wu Y. Deterministic Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots for Multifunctional Integrated Photonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110695. [PMID: 35411618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising for photonic applications toward lasers, waveguides, and photodetectors. However, integration of high-quality photonic elements into multifunctional devices is still restricted by optical losses stemming from the accumulation of defects and disorder in the solution process. Herein, a platform with a directional Laplace pressure is created for eliminating undesired pinning of liquid fronts in the solution process and boosting ordered assembly of CQDs into designable micro-/nanostructures. The versatility and robustness of this method are demonstrated by deterministic patterning of CQDs with different components and photoluminescence spectra onto various substrates. On the basis of this platform, microring lasers with tunable emission modes, low-loss waveguides, and their coupled structures have been reached for direct on-chip generation and propagation of coherent light. A proof-of-concept demonstration of integrated circuits is also conducted by combining microcavity lasers with waveguides for encoding photonic outputs into information bits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Gaosong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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16
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Diroll BT, Brumberg A, Schaller RD. Gain roll-off in cadmium selenide colloidal quantum wells under intense optical excitation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8016. [PMID: 35577869 PMCID: PMC9110332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum wells, or nanoplatelets, show among the lowest thresholds for amplified spontaneous emission and lasing among solution-cast materials and among the highest modal gains of any known materials. Using solution measurements of colloidal quantum wells, this work shows that under photoexcitation, optical gain increases with pump fluence before rolling off due to broad photoinduced absorption at energies lower than the band gap. Despite the common occurrence of gain induced by an electron–hole plasma found in bulk materials and epitaxial quantum wells, under no measurement conditions was the excitonic absorption of the colloidal quantum wells extinguished and gain arising from a plasma observed. Instead, like gain, excitonic absorption reaches a minimum intensity near a photoinduced carrier sheet density of 2 × 1013 cm−2 above which the absorption peak begins to recover. To understand the origins of these saturation and reversal effects, measurements were performed with different excitation energies, which deposit differing amounts of excess energy above the band gap. Across many samples, it was consistently observed that less energetic excitation results in stronger excitonic bleaching and gain for a given carrier density. Transient and static optical measurements at elevated temperatures, as well as transient X-ray diffraction of the samples, suggest that the origin of gain saturation and reversal is a heating and disordering of the colloidal quantum wells which produces sub-gap photoinduced absorption.
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17
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Enhanced Reflection of GaAs Nanowire Laser Using Short-Period, Symmetric Double Metal Grating Reflectors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091482. [PMID: 35564191 PMCID: PMC9104391 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the high contrast of the refractive indices at the end facets of a nanowire, lasing emission can be achieved in an individual nanowire without external, reflected feedback. However, the reflection provided by the end facet is not high enough to lower the threshold gain, especially for nanowires with smaller diameters. This work proposes a novel structure of nanowire laser partially sandwiched in double Ag gratings. Compared to a nanowire with a single metal grating or without a grating, the parallel double metal gratings play the reflector role with higher reflectivity to enhance the round-trip feedback and reduce the threshold gain. The reflective properties are calculated using the finite elements method. Simulation results show that a high reflectivity of more than 90% can be achieved when the number of periods is more than 8. The reflectivity of double gratings is 2.4 times larger than that of the nanowire end facet for large nanowire diameters. When the nanowire has a small diameter of 150 nm, the reflectivity of double gratings is 17 times larger than that of the nanowire end facet. Compared to a single grating, the reflective performance of double gratings is much better. Owing to the highly reflective properties of the double gratings, nanowires partially sandwiched in the double gratings can realize lasing emission at a very low threshold gain, and the period of the grating can be very short to benefit on-chip interconnection systems.
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18
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Duan R, Zhang Z, Xiao L, Zhao X, Thung YT, Ding L, Liu Z, Yang J, Ta VD, Sun H. Ultralow-Threshold and High-Quality Whispering-Gallery-Mode Lasing from Colloidal Core/Hybrid-Shell Quantum Wells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108884. [PMID: 34997633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The realization of efficient on-chip microlasers with scalable fabrication, ultralow threshold, and stable single-frequency operation is always desired for a wide range of miniaturized photonic systems. Herein, an effective way to fabricate nanostructures- whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasers by drop-casting CdSe/CdS@Cd1- x Znx S core/buffer-shell@graded-shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) dispersion onto silica microspheres is presented. Benefiting from the excellent gain properties from the interface engineered core/hybrid shell NPLs and high-quality factor WGM resonator from excellent optical field confinement, the proposed room-temperature NPLs-WGM microlasers show a record-low lasing threshold of 3.26 µJ cm-2 under nanosecond laser pumping among all colloidal NPLs-based lasing demonstrations. The presence of sharp discrete transverse electric- and magnetic-mode spikes, the inversely proportional dependence of the free spectra range on microsphere sizes and the polarization anisotropy of laser output represent the first direct experimental evidence for NPLs-WGM lasing nature, which is verified theoretically by the computed electric-field distribution inside the microcavity. Remarkably, a stable single-mode lasing output with an ultralow lasing threshold of 3.84 µJ cm-2 is achieved by the Vernier effect through evanescent field coupling. The results highlight the significance of interface engineering on the optimization of gain properties of heterostructured nanomaterials and shed light on developing future miniaturized tunable coherent light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Lian Xiao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Tian Thung
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Jun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, College of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Van Duong Ta
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Department of Optical Devices, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Handong Sun
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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19
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Cassidy J, Diroll BT, Mondal N, Berkinsky DB, Zhao K, Harankahage D, Porotnikov D, Gately R, Khon D, Proppe A, Bawendi MG, Schaller RD, Malko AV, Zamkov M. Quantum Shells Boost the Optical Gain of Lasing Media. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3017-3026. [PMID: 35129951 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auger decay of multiple excitons represents a significant obstacle to photonic applications of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). This nonradiative process is particularly detrimental to the performance of QD-based electroluminescent and lasing devices. Here, we demonstrate that semiconductor quantum shells with an "inverted" QD geometry inhibit Auger recombination, allowing substantial improvements to their multiexciton characteristics. By promoting a spatial separation between multiple excitons, the quantum shell geometry leads to ultralong biexciton lifetimes (>10 ns) and a large biexciton quantum yield. Furthermore, the architecture of quantum shells induces an exciton-exciton repulsion, which splits exciton and biexciton optical transitions, giving rise to an Auger-inactive single-exciton gain mode. In this regime, quantum shells exhibit the longest optical gain lifetime reported for colloidal QDs to date (>6 ns), which makes this geometry an attractive candidate for the development of optically and electrically pumped gain media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kehui Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | | | | | - Reagan Gately
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas 78228, United States
| | - Dmitriy Khon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas 78228, United States
| | - Andrew Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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20
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Tanghe I, Butkus J, Chen K, Tamming RR, Singh S, Ussembayev Y, Neyts K, van Thourhout D, Hodgkiss JM, Geiregat P. Broadband Optical Phase Modulation by Colloidal CdSe Quantum Wells. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:58-64. [PMID: 34965360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are primed to realize a variety of photonic devices that rely on the transient properties of photogenerated charges, yet little is known on the change of the refractive index. The associated optical phase changes can be beneficial or undesired depending on the application, but require proper quantification. Measuring optical phase modulation of dilute 2D materials is, however, not trivial with common methods. Here, we demonstrate that 2D colloidal CdSe quantum wells, a useful model system, can modulate the phase of light across a broad spectrum using a femtosecond interferometry method. Next, we develop a toolbox to calculate the time-dependent refractive index of colloidal 2D materials from widely available transient absorption experiments using a modified effective medium algorithm. Our results show that the excitonic features of 2D materials result in broadband, ultrafast, and sizable phase modulation, even extending to the near infrared because of intraband transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Tanghe
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Justinas Butkus
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ronnie R Tamming
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Yera Ussembayev
- Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Neyts
- Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Dries van Thourhout
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
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21
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Prins PT, Alimoradi Jazi M, Killilea NA, Evers WH, Geiregat P, Heiss W, Houtepen AJ, Delerue C, Hens Z, Vanmaekelbergh D. The Fine-Structure Constant as a Ruler for the Band-Edge Light Absorption Strength of Bulk and Quantum-Confined Semiconductors. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9426-9432. [PMID: 34780185 PMCID: PMC8631736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional semiconductors have found numerous applications in optoelectronics. However, a quantitative comparison of the absorption strength of low-dimensional versus bulk semiconductors has remained elusive. Here, we report generality in the band-edge light absorptance of semiconductors, independent of their dimensions. First, we provide atomistic tight-binding calculations that show that the absorptance of semiconductor quantum wells equals mπα (m = 1 or 2 with α as the fine-structure constant), in agreement with reported experimental results. Then, we show experimentally that a monolayer (superlattice) of quantum dots has similar absorptance, suggesting an absorptance quantum of mπα per (confined) exciton diameter. Extending this idea to bulk semiconductors, we experimentally demonstrate that an absorptance quantum equal to mπα per exciton Bohr diameter explains their widely varying absorption coefficients. We thus provided compelling evidence that the absorptance quantum πα per exciton diameter rules the band-edge absorption of all direct semiconductors, regardless of their dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tim Prins
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Alimoradi Jazi
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niall A. Killilea
- Institute
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Materials Science
Department, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 250, Nürnberg 90429, Germany
| | - Wiel H. Evers
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Institute
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Materials Science
Department, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 250, Nürnberg 90429, Germany
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Delerue
- University
of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Junia, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Wu M, Ding L, Sabatini RP, Sagar LK, Bappi G, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Sargent EH, Kuznetsov AI. Bound State in the Continuum in Nanoantenna-Coupled Slab Waveguide Enables Low-Threshold Quantum-Dot Lasing. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9754-9760. [PMID: 34780696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are a promising gain material for solution-processed, wavelength-tunable lasers, with potential application in displays, communications, and biomedical devices. In this work, we combine a CQD film with an array of nanoantennas, made of titanium dioxide cylinders, to achieve lasing via bound states in the continuum (BICs). Here, the BICs are symmetry-protected cavity modes with giant quality factors, arising from slab waveguide modes in the planar CQD film, coupled to the periodic nanoantenna array. We engineer the thickness of the CQD film and size of the nanoantennas to achieve a BIC with good spatial and spectral overlap with the CQDs, based on a second-order transverse-electric (TE)-polarized waveguide mode. We obtain room-temperature lasing with a low threshold of approximately 11 kW/cm2 (peak intensity) under 5-ns-pulsed optical excitation. This work sheds light on the optical modes in solution-processed, distributed-feedback lasers and highlights BICs as effective, versatile, surface-emitting lasing modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Randy P Sabatini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Laxmi Kishore Sagar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Golam Bappi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
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23
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Keitel RC, Aellen M, Feber BL, Rossinelli AA, Meyer SA, Cui J, Norris DJ. Active Mode Switching in Plasmonic Microlasers by Spatial Control of Optical Gain. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8952-8959. [PMID: 34723554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of miniaturized optical sources for on-chip applications has led to the development of surface plasmon polariton lasers (plasmonic lasers). While applications in spectroscopy and information technology would greatly benefit from the facile and active tuning of the output wavelength from such devices, this topic remains underexplored. Here, we demonstrate optically controlled switching between predefined wavelengths within a plasmonic microlaser. After fabricating Fabry-Pérot plasmonic cavities that consist of two curved block reflectors on an ultrasmooth flat Ag surface, we deposit a thin film of CdSe/CdxZn1-xS/ZnS colloidal core/shell/shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) as the gain medium. Our cavity geometry allows the spatial and energetic separation of transverse modes. By spatially modulating the gain profile within this device, we demonstrate active selection and switching between four transverse modes within a single plasmonic laser. The fast buildup and decay of the plasmonic modes promises picosecond switching times, given sufficiently rapid changes in the structured illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Keitel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Aellen
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris le Feber
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan A Meyer
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jian Cui
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Malama K, Sagaon Teyssier L, Parker R, Tichacek A, Sharkey T, Kilembe W, Inambao M, Price MA, Spire B, Allen S. Client-Initiated Violence Against Zambian Female Sex Workers: Prevalence and Associations With Behavior, Environment, and Sexual History. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP9483-NP9500. [PMID: 31268388 PMCID: PMC8366593 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519860083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women is a known risk factor for HIV and affects female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa. Little is known about the magnitude and determinants of violence against FSW in Zambia, where HIV and gender-based violence prevalence are high. We conducted a cross-sectional study, using multivariable logistic regression, to determine the prevalence and correlates of client-initiated physical violence among 419 FSW in Lusaka and Ndola. The prevalence of client-initiated physical violence was 39%. The odds of violence were higher for FSW who: lived in Lusaka, recruited clients from the street, serviced clients in the clients' homes, had a physically forced sexual debut, and had a higher client volume. Our results call for safer working spaces for FSW and violence prevention interventions for their male clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalonde Malama
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ORS PACA), Marseille, France
| | - Luis Sagaon Teyssier
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ORS PACA), Marseille, France
| | - Rachel Parker
- Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amanda Tichacek
- Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tyronza Sharkey
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - William Kilembe
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mubiana Inambao
- Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Matt A Price
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, IRD, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (ORS PACA), Marseille, France
| | - Susan Allen
- Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Gheshlaghi N, Foroutan-Barenji S, Erdem O, Altintas Y, Shabani F, Humayun MH, Demir HV. Self-Resonant Microlasers of Colloidal Quantum Wells Constructed by Direct Deep Patterning. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4598-4605. [PMID: 34028277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, the first account of self-resonant fully colloidal μ-lasers made from colloidal quantum well (CQW) solution is reported. A deep patterning technique is developed to fabricate well-defined high aspect-ratio on-chip CQW resonators made of grating waveguides and in-plane reflectors. The fabricated waveguide-coupled laser, enabling tight optical confinement, assures in-plane lasing. CQWs of the patterned layers are closed-packed with sharp edges and residual-free lifted-off surfaces. Additionally, the method is successfully applied to various nanoparticles including colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles. It is observed that the patterning process does not affect the nanocrystals (NCs) immobilized in the attained patterns and the different physical and chemical properties of the NCs remain pristine. Thanks to the deep patterning capability of the proposed method, patterns of NCs with subwavelength lateral feature sizes and micron-scale heights can possibly be fabricated in high aspect ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Gheshlaghi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sina Foroutan-Barenji
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Hamza Humayun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Centre of Optical Fiber Technology, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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26
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Nawrot KC, Zareba JK, Toporkiewicz M, Chodaczek G, Wawrzynczyk D, Kulbacka J, Bazylinska U, Nyk M. Polymeric Nanocarriers with Luminescent Colloidal Nanoplatelets as Hydrophilic and Non-Toxic Two-Photon Bioimaging Agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3649-3660. [PMID: 34079255 PMCID: PMC8166280 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s298300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are promising materials for nonlinear optical microscopy since they feature good two-photon absorption (TPA) properties, narrow photoluminescence spectra and high quantum yields of luminescence. Nevertheless, the use of semiconductor NPLs is inevitably connected with concerns about heavy metal ion toxicity and their intrinsically hydrophobic character. Methods Our contribution focuses on the design and engineering of coloidal bionanomaterial consisting of two-dimensional highly luminescent CdSe semiconductor NPLs loaded into spherical and homogeneous polymeric nanocarriers (NCs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) block co-polymer. The biocompatibility and usefulness of the NPLs-loaded polymeric NCs in two-photon induced bioimaging was demonstrated invitroby cytotoxicity and two-photon microscopic studies using eukaryotic (normal fibroblasts and cancer ovarian) cells. Results The encapsulated NPLs maintain their intensive and spectrally narrow photoluminescence, as well as preserve good TPA properties, while the surrounding polymer shell imparts hydrophilic character and non-toxicity towards eukaryotic cells. Specifically, TPA cross-sections of the colloidal NCs loaded with NPLs show large values reaching up to 2.0 × 108 GM, with simultaneously two-photon brightness reaching 2.2 × 107 GM at 870 nm. MTT proliferation assay performed on cell lines treated with encapsulated NPLs revealed at least 70% viability of normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and cancer ovarian (MDAH-2774) cells, while the results of multiphoton imaging of murine (L-929) fibroblasts suggest that the encapsulated NPLs are capable of labelling the target cells enabling their visualization. Conclusion As a result, we obtained water dispersible and temporally stable hydrophilic NPLs-loaded NCs that offer excellent, both one- and two-photon excited fluorescence preserving optical properties of the raw hydrophobic and colloidal NPLs. The biological responses upon eukaryotic cells indicate that the encapsulation process protects cells from the toxic influence of cadmium simultaneously preserving the unique multiphoton properties of the active cargo which opens a promising perspective for its application in multiphoton cancer bioimaging excited at the “optical transmission window” of biological tissues in near-infrared range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Celina Nawrot
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Jan Kazimierz Zareba
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Monika Toporkiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, 54-066, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, 54-066, Poland
| | - Dominika Wawrzynczyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Urszula Bazylinska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Marcin Nyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
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Woznica H, Banski M, Podhorodecki A. CdS Dots, Rods and Platelets-How to Obtain Predefined Shapes in a One-Pot Synthesis of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:476. [PMID: 33498501 PMCID: PMC7864161 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous protocols for nanoplatelet synthesis have been developed. Here, we present a facile, one-pot method for controlling cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles' shape that allows for obtaining zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, or two-dimensional structures. The proposed synthesis protocol is a simple heating-up approach and does not involve any inconvenient steps such as injection and/or pouring the precursors at elevated temperatures. Because of this, the synthesis protocol is highly repeatable. A gradual increase in the zinc acetate concentration causes the particles' shape to undergo a transition from isotropic quantum dots through rods to highly anisotropic nanoplatelets. We identified conditions at which synthesized platelets were purely five monolayers thick. All samples acquired during different stages of the reaction were characterized via optical spectroscopy, which allowed for the identification of the presence of high-temperature, magic-size clusters prior to the platelets' formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateusz Banski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.W.); (A.P.)
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28
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Zhang Z, Thung YT, Chen X, Wang L, Fan W, Ding L, Sun H. Study of Complex Optical Constants of Neat Cadmium Selenide Nanoplatelets Thin Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:191-198. [PMID: 33325711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of tunability of complex optical constants of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) thin films is essential for accurate modeling and design of NPL-containing optoelectronic devices. Here, dielectric functions, complex optical conductivities, and absorption coefficients of a series of CdSe NPL films with a varying number of atomic layers were investigated in a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry techniques and transmittance measurements over a broad spectral range. Fine electronic structures were deciphered from the dielectric functions. Oscillator strengths at the lowest exciton resonance up to 0.62 for a series of CdSe NPL films were also determined. From our results, increasing the number of monolayers was found to boost the complex optical constants and the amplitude of the coupling strength of the fundamental exciton state mainly due to higher inorganic volume filling factors and pronounced surface passivation. Our work gives insights into both the interpretation and improvements of performance of CdSe NPL-based photoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yi Tian Thung
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lin Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lu Ding
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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29
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Gong Y, Guo L, Wong S, Bennett AJ, Oh SS. Tailoring topological edge states with photonic crystal nanobeam cavities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1055. [PMID: 33441731 PMCID: PMC7806710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The realization of topological edge states (TESs) in photonic systems has provided unprecedented opportunities for manipulating light in novel manners. The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model has recently gained significant attention and has been exploited in a wide range of photonic platforms to create TESs. We develop a photonic topological insulator strategy based on SSH photonic crystal nanobeam cavities. In contrast to the conventional photonic SSH schemes which are based on alternately tuned coupling strength in one-dimensional lattice, our proposal provides higher flexibility and allows tailoring TESs by manipulating mode coupling in a two-dimensional manner. We reveal that the proposed hole-array based nanobeams in a dielectric membrane can selectively tailor single or double TESs in the telecommunication region by controlling the coupling strength of the adjacent SSH nanobeams in both transverse and axial directions. Our finding provides an additional degree of freedom in exploiting the SSH model for integrated topological photonic devices and functionalities based on the well-established photonic crystal nanobeam cavity platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gong
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Liang Guo
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK ,grid.443314.50000 0001 0225 0773Department of Basic Science, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Stephan Wong
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Anthony J. Bennett
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Sang Soon Oh
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Melnychuk
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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31
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Porotnikov D, Diroll BT, Harankahage D, Obloy L, Yang M, Cassidy J, Ellison C, Miller E, Rogers S, Tarnovsky AN, Schaller RD, Zamkov M. Low-threshold laser medium utilizing semiconductor nanoshell quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17426-17436. [PMID: 32797122 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) represent a promising class of nanomaterials for lasing applications. Currently, one of the key challenges facing the development of high-performance NC optical gain media lies in enhancing the lifetime of biexciton populations. This usually requires the employment of charge-delocalizing particle architectures, such as core/shell NCs, nanorods, and nanoplatelets. Here, we report on a two-dimensional nanoshell quantum dot (QD) morphology that enables a strong delocalization of photoinduced charges, leading to enhanced biexciton lifetimes and low lasing thresholds. A unique combination of a large exciton volume and a smoothed potential gradient across interfaces of the reported CdSbulk/CdSe/CdSshell (core/shell/shell) nanoshell QDs results in strong suppression of Auger processes, which was manifested in this work though the observation of stable amplified stimulated emission (ASE) at low pump fluences. An extensive charge delocalization in nanoshell QDs was confirmed by transient absorption measurements, showing that the presence of a bulk-size core in CdSbulk/CdSe/CdSshell QDs reduces exciton-exciton interactions. Overall, present findings demonstrate unique advantages of the nanoshell QD architecture as a promising optical gain medium in solid-state lighting and lasing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Porotnikov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA.
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32
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Benjamin E, Yallapragada VJ, Amgar D, Yang G, Tenne R, Oron D. Temperature Dependence of Excitonic and Biexcitonic Decay Rates in Colloidal Nanoplatelets by Time-Gated Photon Correlation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6513-6518. [PMID: 32693606 PMCID: PMC7458474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are weakly confined in the lateral dimensions. This results in significantly smaller Auger rates and, consequently, larger biexciton quantum yields, when compared to spherical quantum dots (QDs). Here we report a study of the temperature dependence of the biexciton Auger rate in individual CdSe/CdS core-shell NPLs, through the measurement of time-gated second-order photon correlations in the photoluminescence. We also utilize this method to directly estimate the single-exciton radiative rate. We find that whereas the radiative lifetime of NPLs increases with temperature, the Auger lifetime is almost temperature-independent. Our findings suggest that Auger recombination in NPLs is qualitatively similar to that of semiconductor quantum wells. Time-gated photon correlation measurements offer the unique ability to study multiphoton emission events, while excluding effects of competing fast processes, and can provide significant insight into the photophysics of a variety of nanocrystal multiphoton emitters.
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33
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Wu M, Ha ST, Shendre S, Durmusoglu EG, Koh WK, Abujetas DR, Sánchez-Gil JA, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Demir HV, Kuznetsov AI. Room-Temperature Lasing in Colloidal Nanoplatelets via Mie-Resonant Bound States in the Continuum. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6005-6011. [PMID: 32584048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state room-temperature lasing with tunability in a wide range of wavelengths is desirable for many applications. To achieve this, besides an efficient gain material with a tunable emission wavelength, a high quality-factor optical cavity is essential. Here, we combine a film of colloidal CdSe/CdZnS core-shell nanoplatelets with square arrays of nanocylinders made of titanium dioxide to achieve optically pumped lasing at visible wavelengths and room temperature. The all-dielectric arrays support bound states in the continuum (BICs), which result from lattice-mediated Mie resonances and boast infinite quality factors in theory. In particular, we demonstrate lasing from a BIC that originates from out-of-plane magnetic dipoles oscillating in phase. By adjusting the diameter of the cylinders, we tune the lasing wavelength across the gain bandwidth of the nanoplatelets. The spectral tunability of both the cavity resonance and nanoplatelet gain, together with efficient light confinement in BICs, promises low-threshold lasing with wide selectivity in wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sushant Shendre
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Emek G Durmusoglu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Weon-Kyu Koh
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Diego R Abujetas
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Gil
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
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34
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Taghipour N, Delikanli S, Shendre S, Sak M, Li M, Isik F, Tanriover I, Guzelturk B, Sum TC, Demir HV. Sub-single exciton optical gain threshold in colloidal semiconductor quantum wells with gradient alloy shelling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3305. [PMID: 32620749 PMCID: PMC7335098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum wells have emerged as a promising material platform for use in solution-processable lasers. However, applications relying on their optical gain suffer from nonradiative Auger decay due to multi-excitonic nature of light amplification in II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals. Here, we show sub-single exciton level of optical gain threshold in specially engineered CdSe/CdS@CdZnS core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell quantum wells. This sub-single exciton ensemble-averaged gain threshold of (Ng)≈ 0.84 (per particle) resulting from impeded Auger recombination, along with a large absorption cross-section of quantum wells, enables us to observe the amplified spontaneous emission starting at an ultralow pump fluence of ~ 800 nJ cm-2, at least three-folds better than previously reported values among all colloidal nanocrystals. Finally, using these gradient shelled quantum wells, we demonstrate a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser operating at a low lasing threshold of 7.5 μJ cm-2. These results represent a significant step towards the realization of solution-processable electrically-driven colloidal lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taghipour
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sushant Shendre
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mustafa Sak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mingjie Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Tanriover
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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35
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Yadav RK, Bourgeois MR, Cherqui C, Juarez XG, Wang W, Odom TW, Schatz GC, Basu JK. Room Temperature Weak-to-Strong Coupling and the Emergence of Collective Emission from Quantum Dots Coupled to Plasmonic Arrays. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7347-7357. [PMID: 32453547 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) assemblies exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties when coupled to optical resonators ranging from Purcell-enhanced emission to the emergence of hybrid electronic and photonic polariton states in the weak and strong coupling limits, respectively. Here, experiments exploring the weak-to-strong coupling transition in CQD-plasmonic lattice hybrid devices at room temperature are presented for varying CQD concentrations. To interpret these results, generalized retarded Fano-Anderson and effective medium models are developed. Individual CQDs are found to interact locally with the lattice yielding Purcell-enhanced emission. At high CQD densities, polariton states emerge as two-peak structures in the photoluminescence, with a third polariton peak, due to collective CQD emission, appearing at still higher CQD concentrations. Our results demonstrate that CQD-lattice plasmon devices represent a highly flexible platform for the manipulation of collective spontaneous emission using lattice plasmons, which could find applications in optoelectronics, ultrafast optical switches, and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charles Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xitlali G Juarez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Weijia Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jaydeep Kumar Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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36
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Bai P, Hu A, Liu Y, Jin Y, Gao Y. Printing and In Situ Assembly of CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets as Uniform Films with Unity In-Plane Transition Dipole Moment. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4524-4529. [PMID: 32432888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of the transition dipole moments (TDMs) of light emitters can intrinsically affect the light out-coupling efficiency of planar light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Lacking the control of TDM distribution has limited the efficiency of nanocrystal-based LEDs to 20%. Here, we present a method that deposits uniform nanocrystal films with unity in-plane TDM distribution. Combining an inkjet printing technique and colloidal nanocrystal self-assembly, we achieved direct printing and in situ assembly of colloidal CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets to all orient "face-down" on various substrates. With motorized translation stages, pattern printing is realized, which demonstrates the potential for integration in industrial-scale fabrication. The method is applied to achieve uniform nanoplatelet films with unity in-plane TDM distribution on zinc-oxide films, a commonly used electron-transport layer. Thus, our work paves the way to break the light out-coupling efficiency limitation of 20% in state-of-the-art nanocrystal-based LEDs, which exclusively possess an isotropic TDM distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - An Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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37
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Piveteau L, Dirin DN, Gordon CP, Walder BJ, Ong TC, Emsley L, Copéret C, Kovalenko MV. Colloidal-ALD-Grown Core/Shell CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets as Seen by DNP Enhanced PASS-PIETA NMR Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3003-3018. [PMID: 32078332 PMCID: PMC7227022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange and CdS shell growth onto colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) using colloidal atomic layer deposition (c-ALD) were investigated by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, in particular, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced phase adjusted spinning sidebands-phase incremented echo-train acquisition (PASS-PIETA). The improved sensitivity and resolution of DNP enhanced PASS-PIETA permits the identification and study of the core, shell, and surface species of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs heterostructures at all stages of c-ALD. The cadmium chemical shielding was found to be proportionally dependent on the number and nature of coordinating chalcogen-based ligands. DFT calculations permitted the separation of the the 111/113Cd chemical shielding into its different components, revealing that the varying strength of paramagnetic and spin-orbit shielding contributions are responsible for the chemical shielding trend of cadmium chalcogenides. Overall, this study points to the roughening and increased chemical disorder at the surface during the shell growth process, which is not readily captured by the conventional characterization tools such as electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piveteau
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse
129, Zurich CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse
129, Zurich CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Brennan J. Walder
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse
129, Zurich CH-8600, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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38
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Cassidy J, Zamkov M. Nanoshell quantum dots: Quantum confinement beyond the exciton Bohr radius. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:110902. [PMID: 32199442 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoshell quantum dots (QDs) represent a novel class of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), which supports tunable optoelectronic properties over the extended range of particle sizes. Traditionally, the ability to control the bandgap of colloidal semiconductor NCs is limited to small-size nanostructures, where photoinduced charges are confined by Coulomb interactions. A notorious drawback of such a restricted size range concerns the fact that assemblies of smaller nanoparticles tend to exhibit a greater density of interfacial and surface defects. This presents a potential problem for device applications of semiconductor NCs where the charge transport across nanoparticle films is important, as in the case of solar cells, field-effect transistors, and photoelectrochemical devices. The morphology of nanoshell QDs addresses this issue by enabling the quantum-confinement in the shell layer, where two-dimensional excitons can exist, regardless of the total particle size. Such a geometry exhibits one of the lowest surface-to-volume ratios among existing QD architectures and, therefore, could potentially lead to improved charge-transport and multi-exciton characteristics. The expected benefits of the nanoshell architecture were recently demonstrated by a number of reports on the CdSbulk/CdSe nanoshell model system, showing an improved photoconductivity of solids and increased lifetime of multi-exciton populations. Along these lines, this perspective will summarize the recent work on CdSbulk/CdSe nanoshell colloids and discuss the possibility of employing other nanoshell semiconductor combinations in light-harvesting and lasing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cassidy
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Mikhail Zamkov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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Dong H, Zhang C, Liu X, Yao J, Zhao YS. Materials chemistry and engineering in metal halide perovskite lasers. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:951-982. [PMID: 31960011 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00598f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The invention and development of the laser have revolutionized science, technology, and industry. Metal halide perovskites are an emerging class of semiconductors holding promising potential in further advancing the laser technology. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of metal halide perovskite lasers from the viewpoint of materials chemistry and engineering. After an introduction to the materials chemistry and physics of metal halide perovskites, we present diverse optical cavities for perovskite lasers. We then comprehensively discuss various perovskite lasers with particular functionalities, including tunable lasers, multicolor lasers, continuous-wave lasers, single-mode lasers, subwavelength lasers, random lasers, polariton lasers, and laser arrays. Following this a description of the strategies for improving the stability and reducing the toxicity of metal halide perovskite lasers is provided. Finally, future research directions and challenges toward practical technology applications of perovskite lasers are provided to give an outlook on this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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40
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Fainblat R, Delikanli S, Spee L, Czerny T, Isik F, Sharma VK, Demir HV, Bacher G. Impurity incorporation and exchange interactions in Co2+-doped CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fainblat
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Leon Spee
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Tamara Czerny
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057, Germany
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41
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Antolinez FV, Rabouw FT, Rossinelli AA, Cui J, Norris DJ. Observation of Electron Shakeup in CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8495-8502. [PMID: 31686517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While ensembles of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) show remarkably narrow photoluminescence line widths at room temperature, adding a CdS shell to increase their fluorescence efficiency and photostability causes line width broadening. Moreover, ensemble emission spectra of CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs become strongly asymmetric at cryogenic temperatures. If the origin of these effects were understood, this could potentially lead to stable core/shell NPLs with narrower emission, which would be advantageous for applications. To move in this direction, we report time-resolved emission spectra of individual CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs at 4 K. We observe surprisingly complex emission spectra that contain multiple spectrally narrow emission features that change during the experiment. With machine-learning algorithms, we can extract characteristic peak energy differences in these spectra. We show that they are consistent with electron "shakeup lines" from negatively charged trions. In this process, an electron-hole pair recombines radiatively but gives part of its energy to the remaining electron by exciting it into a higher single-electron level. This "shakeup" mechanism is enabled in our NPLs due to strong exciton binding and weak lateral confinement of the charge carriers. Time-resolved single-photon-counting measurements and numerical calculations suggest that spectral jumps in the emission features originate from fluctuations in the confinement potential caused by microscopic structural changes on the NPL surface (e.g., due to mobile surface charges). Our results provide valuable insights into line width broadening mechanisms in colloidal NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Antolinez
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jian Cui
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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42
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Amgar D, Yang G, Tenne R, Oron D. Higher-Order Photon Correlation as a Tool To Study Exciton Dynamics in Quasi-2D Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8741-8748. [PMID: 31692360 PMCID: PMC7659036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, in which carriers are strongly confined only along one dimension, present fundamentally different excitonic properties than quantum dots, which support strong confinement in all three dimensions. In particular, multiple excitons strongly confined in just one dimension are free to rearrange in the lateral plane, reducing the probability for multibody collisions. Thus, while simultaneous multiple photon emission is typically quenched in quantum dots, in nanoplatelets its probability can be tuned according to size and shape. Here, we focus on analyzing multiexciton dynamics in individual CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets of various sizes through the measurement of second-, third-, and fourth-order photon correlations. For the first time, we can directly probe the dynamics of the two, three, and four exciton states at the single nanocrystal level. Remarkably, although higher orders of correlation vary substantially among the synthesis' products, they strongly correlate with the value of second order antibunching. The scaling of the higher-order moments with the degree of antibunching presents a small yet clear deviation from the accepted model of Auger recombination through binary collisions. Such a deviation suggests that many-body contributions are present already at the level of triexcitons. These findings highlight the benefit of high-order photon correlation spectroscopy as a technique to study multiexciton dynamics in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals.
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43
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Altintas Y, Gungor K, Gao Y, Sak M, Quliyeva U, Bappi G, Mutlugun E, Sargent EH, Demir HV. Giant Alloyed Hot Injection Shells Enable Ultralow Optical Gain Threshold in Colloidal Quantum Wells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10662-10670. [PMID: 31436957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As an attractive materials system for high-performance optoelectronics, colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) benefit from atomic-level precision in thickness, minimizing emission inhomogeneous broadening. Much progress has been made to enhance their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and photostability. However, to date, layer-by-layer growth of shells at room temperature has resulted in defects that limit PLQY and thus curtail the performance of NPLs as an optical gain medium. Here, we introduce a hot-injection method growing giant alloyed shells using an approach that reduces core/shell lattice mismatch and suppresses Auger recombination. Near-unity PLQY is achieved with a narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (20 nm), accompanied by emission tunability (from 610 to 650 nm). The biexciton lifetime exceeds 1 ns, an order of magnitude longer than in conventional colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). Reduced Auger recombination enables record-low amplified spontaneous emission threshold of 2.4 μJ cm-2 under one-photon pumping. This is lower by a factor of 2.5 than the best previously reported value in nanocrystals (6 μJ cm-2 for CdSe/CdS NPLs). Here, we also report single-mode lasing operation with a 0.55 mJ cm-2 threshold under two-photoexcitation, which is also the best among nanocrystals (compared to 0.76 mJ cm-2 from CdSe/CdS CQDs in the Fabry-Pérot cavity). These findings indicate that hot-injection growth of thick alloyed shells makes ultrahigh performance NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering , Abdullah Gül University , Kayseri TR-38080 , Turkey
| | - Kivanc Gungor
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , ON M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mustafa Sak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Ulviyya Quliyeva
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Golam Bappi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , ON M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Evren Mutlugun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering , Abdullah Gül University , Kayseri TR-38080 , Turkey
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , ON M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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44
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Li Q, Lian T. Exciton Spatial Coherence and Optical Gain in Colloidal Two-Dimensional Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanoplatelets. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2684-2693. [PMID: 31433164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cadmium chalcogenide (CdX, X = Se, S, Te) colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) make up an emerging class of quantum well materials that exhibit many unique properties including uniform quantum confinement, narrow thickness distribution, large exciton binding energy, giant oscillator strength, long Auger lifetime, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. These properties have led to their great performances in optoelectrical applications such as lasing materials with a low threshold and large gain coefficient. Many of these properties are determined by the structure and dynamics of band-edge excitons in these 2D materials. Motivated by fundamental understanding of both 2D nanomaterials and their applications, the properties of 2D excitons have received intense recent interest. This Account provides an overview of three key properties of 2D excitons: how big is the 2D exciton (i.e., exciton center-of-mass coherent area); how the exciton moves in 2D NPLs (i.e., exciton in-plane transport mechanism); how multiple excitons interact with each other (i.e., biexciton Auger recombination); and their effects on the optical gain mechanism and threshold of colloidal NPLs. After a brief introduction in Section 1, the current understandings of 2D electronic structures of cadmium chalcogenide NPLs, and type-I CdSe/CdS and type-II CdSe/CdTe core/crown NPL heterostructures are summarized in Section 2. Section 3 discusses the direct measurement of exciton center-of-mass coherent area in 2D CdSe NPLs, its dependence on NPL parameters (thickness, lateral area, dielectric environment, and temperature), and the resulting giant oscillator strength transition (GOST) effect in 2D NPLs. 2D exciton diffusive in-plane transport in CdX NPLs and the comparison of exciton transport mechanisms in 2D NPLs and 1D nanorods are reviewed in Section 4. How Auger recombination lifetime depends on nanocrystal dimensions in NPLs, quantum dots, and nanorods is discussed in Section 5. The lateral area and thickness dependent Auger recombination rates of NPLs are shown to be well described by a model that accounts for the different dependence of the Auger recombination rates on the quantum confined and nonconfined dimensions. It is shown that Auger recombination rates do not follow the "universal volume scaling" law in 1D and 2D nanocrystals. Section 6 describes optical gain mechanisms in CdSe NPLs and the dependence of optical gain threshold on NPL lateral size, optical density, and temperature. The differences of optical gain properties in 0D-2D and the bulk materials are also discussed, highlighting the unique gain properties of 2D NPLs. At last, the Account ends with a summary and perspective of key remaining challenges in this field in Section 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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45
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Rong K, Liu H, Shi K, Chen J. Pattern-assisted stacking colloidal quantum dots for photonic integrated circuits. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13885-13893. [PMID: 31304499 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In photonic integrated circuits (PICs), on-chip light sources and other photonic devices are usually made of different materials. The complexity and compatibility brought about by different materials and various structures in a single chip considerably increase the fabrication and integration difficulties. Here, we propose to stack the same nanoscale building blocks [colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with both large gains and high refractive indices] in predefined trench patterns to address the fabrication and integration problems of PICs. By employing this simple approach of using the same material (CdSe/ZnS CQDs), the on-chip integration of more than 10 CQD-based photonic components (including the laser, low-noise amplifier, bending waveguide, Y-splitter, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and grating) is experimentally demonstrated. In particular, the integrated low-noise amplifier (net gain coefficient >600 cm-1) addresses the absorption loss problem brought about by the utilization of the same material. Moreover, the little influence of the CQD layer on the CQD nanophotonic components facilitates the fabrication and is beneficial for large-scale integration. This simple fabrication approach with a flexible integration strategy may provide a possible platform to construct functional PICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiu Rong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kebin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education (NFC-MOE) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education (NFC-MOE) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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46
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Anni M. Polymer-II-VI Nanocrystals Blends: Basic Physics and Device Applications to Lasers and LEDs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1036. [PMID: 31331048 PMCID: PMC6669662 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid thin films that combine organic conjugated molecules and semiconductors nanocrystals (NCs) have been deeply investigated in the previous years, due to their capability to provide an extremely broad tuning of their electronic and optical properties. In this paper we review the main aspects of the basic physics of the organic-inorganic interaction and the actual state of the art of lasers and light emitting diodes based on hybrid active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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47
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Wang L, Meng L, Chen L, Huang S, Wu X, Dai G, Deng L, Han J, Zou B, Zhang C, Zhong H. Ultralow-Threshold and Color-Tunable Continuous-Wave Lasing at Room-Temperature from In Situ Fabricated Perovskite Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3248-3253. [PMID: 31084011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature-operated continuous-wave lasers have been intensively pursed in the field of on-chip photonics. The realization of a continuous-wave laser strongly relies on the development of gain materials. To date, there is still a huge gap between the current gain materials and commercial requirements. In this work, we demonstrate continuous-wave lasers at room temperature using rationally designed in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots in polyacrylonitrile films on a distributed feedback cavity. The achieved threshold values are 15, 24, and 58 W/cm2 for green, red, and blue lasers, respectively, which are one order lower than the reported values for the conventional CdSe quantum dot-based continuous-wave laser. Except for the high photoluminescence quantum yields, smooth surface, and high thermal conductivity of the resulting films, the key success of an ultralow laser threshold can be explained by the interaction of polyacrylonitrile and perovskite induced "charge spatial separation" effects. This progress opens up a door to achieve on-chip continuous-wave lasers for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Linghai Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiangang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Guang Dai
- School of Physics , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Luogen Deng
- School of Physics , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Junbo Han
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Department of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- School of Physics , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
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48
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Pang Y, Zhang M, Chen D, Chen W, Wang F, Anwar SJ, Saunders M, Rowles MR, Liu L, Liu S, Sitt A, Li C, Jia G. Why Do Colloidal Wurtzite Semiconductor Nanoplatelets Have an Atomically Uniform Thickness of Eight Monolayers? J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3465-3471. [PMID: 31184156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we employed a first-principles method based on density functional theory to investigate the surface energy and growth kinetics of wurtzite nanoplatelets to elucidate why nanoplatelets exhibit a uniform thickness of eight monolayers. We synthesized a series of wurtzite nanoplatelets (ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, and CdSe) with an atomically uniform thickness of eight monolayers. As a representative example, the growth mechanism of 1.39 nm thick (eight monolayers) wurtzite ZnSe nanoplatelets was studied to substantiate the proposed growth kinetics. The results show that the growth of the seventh and eighth layers along the [112̅0] direction of 0.99 nm (six monolayers) ZnSe magic-size nanoclusters is accessible, whereas the growth of the ninth layer is unlikely to occur because the formation energy is large. This work not only gives insights into the synthesis of atomically uniform thick wurtzite semiconductor nanoplatelets but also opens up new avenues to their applications in light-emitting diodes, catalysis, detectors, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Pang
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Minyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Dechao Chen
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Wei Chen
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Fei Wang
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Shaghraf Javaid Anwar
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis (CMCA) and School of Molecular Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA 6009 , Australia
| | - Matthew R Rowles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Lihong Liu
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
| | - Amit Sitt
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Chunsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Xiamen , Fujian 361005 , China
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , Bentley , WA 6102 , Australia
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49
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Zelewski SJ, Nawrot KC, Zak A, Gladysiewicz M, Nyk M, Kudrawiec R. Exciton Binding Energy of Two-Dimensional Highly Luminescent Colloidal Nanostructures Determined from Combined Optical and Photoacoustic Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3459-3464. [PMID: 31180226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reduced dimensionality of structures such as 0D quantum dots, 1D nanorods, and 2D nanoplatelets is predicted to favor the creation of tightly bound excitons stable at room temperature, making experimental determination of the exciton binding energy ( R x) crucial for evaluating the performance of semiconductor nanoparticles. We propose a fully optical approach for R x determination based on a complementary combination of photoacoustic and transmission spectra, using 5.5, 4.5, and 3.5 ML CdSe nanoplatelets as a benchmark system. The absence of excitonic features in photoacoustic spectra allows for probing the band-to-band transition, leading to the band gap determination. Such an unusual effect is explained by efficient re-emission of the absorbed radiation typical for high quantum yield structures, keeping the crystal lattice from excess phonon generation. The determined exciton binding energy for CdSe nanoplatelets ranges from 130 to 230 meV, confirming the presence of robust excitons in highly confined 2D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon J Zelewski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna C Nawrot
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Zak
- Department of Material Science, Welding and Strength of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Marta Gladysiewicz
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Marcin Nyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Robert Kudrawiec
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
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50
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Liu Y, Rowell N, Willis M, Zhang M, Wang S, Fan H, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Photoluminescent Colloidal Nanohelices Self-Assembled from CdSe Magic-Size Clusters via Nanoplatelets. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2794-2801. [PMID: 31084015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reports on photoluminescent colloidal semiconductor two-dimensional (2D) helical nanostructures with one-dimensional quantum confinement are relatively rare. Here, we discuss the formation of such photoluminescent nanostructures for CdSe. We show that when as-synthesized unpurified zero-dimensional (0D) CdSe magic-size clusters (MSCs) (passivated by carboxylate ligands with three-dimensional quantum confinement) are dispersed in a solvent (such as toluene or chloroform) containing hexadecylamine and then subjected to sonication, helical nanostructures are obtained, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate that the formation involves the self-assembly of 0D MSCs into 2D nanoplatelets, which act as intermediates. The CdSe MSCs and their self-assembled 2D nanostructures display almost identical static optical properties, namely, a sharp absorption doublet with peaks at 433 and 460 nm and a narrow emission peak at 465 nm; this is a subject for further study. This study introduces new methods for fabricating photoluminescent helical nanostructures via the self-assembly of photoluminescent MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Maureen Willis
- School of Physical Science and Technology , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , 610065 Sichuan , P. R. China
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