1
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Stelloo S, Alejo-Vinogradova MT, van Gelder CAGH, Zijlmans DW, van Oostrom MJ, Valverde JM, Lamers LA, Rus T, Sobrevals Alcaraz P, Schäfers T, Furlan C, Jansen PWTC, Baltissen MPA, Sonnen KF, Burgering B, Altelaar MAFM, Vos HR, Vermeulen M. Deciphering lineage specification during early embryogenesis in mouse gastruloids using multilayered proteomics. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1072-1090.e8. [PMID: 38754429 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gastrulation is a critical stage in embryonic development during which the germ layers are established. Advances in sequencing technologies led to the identification of gene regulatory programs that control the emergence of the germ layers and their derivatives. However, proteome-based studies of early mammalian development are scarce. To overcome this, we utilized gastruloids and a multilayered mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to investigate the global dynamics of (phospho) protein expression during gastruloid differentiation. Our findings revealed many proteins with temporal expression and unique expression profiles for each germ layer, which we also validated using single-cell proteomics technology. Additionally, we profiled enhancer interaction landscapes using P300 proximity labeling, which revealed numerous gastruloid-specific transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. Subsequent degron-based perturbations combined with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified a critical role for ZEB2 in mouse and human somitogenesis. Overall, this study provides a rich resource for developmental and synthetic biology communities endeavoring to understand mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Stelloo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Teresa Alejo-Vinogradova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick W Zijlmans
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marek J van Oostrom
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Manuel Valverde
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke A Lamers
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Teja Rus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tilman Schäfers
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Furlan
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal W T C Jansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke P A Baltissen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Burgering
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A F M Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R Vos
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Bell I, Khan H, Stutt N, Horn M, Hydzik T, Lum W, Rea V, Clapham E, Hoeg L, Van Raay TJ. Nkd1 functions downstream of Axin2 to attenuate Wnt signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar93. [PMID: 38656801 PMCID: PMC11244159 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0059-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a crucial developmental pathway involved in early development as well as stem-cell maintenance in adults and its misregulation leads to numerous diseases. Thus, understanding the regulation of this pathway becomes vitally important. Axin2 and Nkd1 are widely utilized negative feedback regulators in Wnt signaling where Axin2 functions to destabilize cytoplasmic β-catenin, and Nkd1 functions to inhibit the nuclear localization of β-catenin. Here, we set out to further understand how Axin2 and Nkd1 regulate Wnt signaling by creating axin2gh1/gh1, nkd1gh2/gh2 single mutants and axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 double mutant zebrafish using sgRNA/Cas9. All three Wnt regulator mutants were viable and had impaired heart looping, neuromast migration defects, and behavior abnormalities in common, but there were no signs of synergy in the axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 double mutants. Further, Wnt target gene expression by qRT-PCR and RNA-seq, and protein expression by mass spectrometry demonstrated that the double axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 mutant resembled the nkd1gh2/gh2 phenotype demonstrating that Nkd1 functions downstream of Axin2. In support of this, the data further demonstrates that Axin2 uniquely alters the properties of β-catenin-dependent transcription having novel readouts of Wnt activity compared with nkd1gh2/gh2 or the axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 double mutant. We also investigated the sensitivity of the Wnt regulator mutants to exacerbated Wnt signaling, where the single mutants displayed characteristic heightened Wnt sensitivity, resulting in an eyeless phenotype. Surprisingly, this phenotype was rescued in the double mutant, where we speculate that cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity pathways could lead to altered Wnt signaling in some scenarios. Collectively, the data emphasizes both the commonality and the complexity in the feedback regulation of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Haider Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Stutt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew Horn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Teesha Hydzik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Whitney Lum
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Clapham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoeg
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Terence J. Van Raay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
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3
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Iglesias Ollé L, Perruchoud C, Sanchez PGL, Vogg MC, Galliot B. The Wnt/β-catenin/TCF/Sp5/Zic4 Gene Network That Regulates Head Organizer Activity in Hydra Is Differentially Regulated in Epidermis and Gastrodermis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1274. [PMID: 38927481 PMCID: PMC11201823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydra head formation depends on an organizing center in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling, that plays an inductive role, positively regulates Sp5 and Zic4, with Sp5 limiting Wnt3/β-catenin expression and Zic4 triggering tentacle formation. Using transgenic lines in which the HySp5 promoter drives eGFP expression in either the epidermis or gastrodermis, we show that Sp5 promoter activity is differentially regulated in each epithelial layer. In intact animals, epidermal HySp5:GFP activity is strong apically and weak along the body column, while in the gastrodermis, it is maximal in the tentacle ring region and maintained at a high level along the upper body column. During apical regeneration, HySp5:GFP is activated early in the gastrodermis and later in the epidermis. Alsterpaullone treatment induces a shift in apical HySp5:GFP expression towards the body column where it forms transient circular figures in the epidermis. Upon β-catenin(RNAi), HySp5:GFP activity is down-regulated in the epidermis while bud-like structures expressing HySp5:GFP in the gastrodermis develop. Sp5(RNAi) reveals a negative Sp5 autoregulation in the epidermis, but not in the gastrodermis. These differential regulations in the epidermis and gastrodermis highlight the distinct architectures of the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF/Sp5/Zic4 network in the hypostome, tentacle base and body column of intact animals, as well as in the buds and apical and basal regenerating tips.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brigitte Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland (C.P.); (P.G.L.S.)
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4
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Wang Y, Wang M, He X, Dong R, Liu H, Yu G. Detection and Analysis of Genes Affecting the Number of Thoracic Vertebrae in Licha Black Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:477. [PMID: 38674411 PMCID: PMC11050242 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of thoracic vertebrae (NTV) in pigs is an important economic trait that significantly influences pork production. While the Licha black pig is a well-known Chinese pig breed with multiple thoracic vertebrae, the genetic mechanism is still unknown. Here, we performed a selective signal analysis on the genome of Licha black pigs, comparing individuals with 15 NTV versus those with 16 NTV to better understand functional genes associated with NTV. A total of 2265 selection signal regions were detected across the genome, including 527 genes and 1073 QTL that overlapped with the selection signal regions. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LRP5 and SP5 genes were involved in biological processes such as bone morphogenesis and Wnt protein binding. Furthermore, three genes, LRP8, DEF6, and SCUBE3, associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, were located within or close to the QTL related to bone development and vertebrae number. These five genes were hypothesized to be potential candidates for regulating the NTV trait in Licha black pigs. Our findings revealed several candidate genes that play crucial roles in NTV regulation and provide a theoretical foundation to understand the genetic mechanism of the NTV trait in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Xiaojin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Ruilan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiaozhou, Jiaozhou 266300, China;
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.W.); (M.W.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
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5
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Gautam S, Fenner JL, Wang B, Range RC. Evolutionarily conserved Wnt/Sp5 signaling is critical for anterior-posterior axis patterning in sea urchin embryos. iScience 2024; 27:108616. [PMID: 38179064 PMCID: PMC10765061 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies across a diverse group of metazoan embryos indicate that Wnt signaling often activates the transcription factor Sp5, forming a signaling 'cassette' that plays critical roles in many developmental processes. This study explores the role of Wnt/Sp5 signaling during the specification and patterning of the primary germ layers during early anterior-posterior axis formation in the deuterostome sea urchin embryo. Our functional analyses show that Sp5 is critical for endomesoderm specification downstream of Wnt/β-catenin in posterior cells as well as anterior neuroectoderm patterning downstream of non-canonical Wnt/JNK signaling in anterior cells. Interestingly, expression and functional data comparisons show that Wnt/Sp5 signaling often plays similar roles in posterior endomesoderm as well as neuroectoderm patterning along the AP axis of several deuterostome embryos, including vertebrates. Thus, our findings provide strong support for the idea that Wnt-Sp5 signaling cassettes were critical for the establishment of early germ layers in the common deuterostome ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Gautam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Fenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ryan C. Range
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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6
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Wang R, Bialas AL, Goel T, Collins EMS. Mechano-Chemical Coupling in Hydra Regeneration and Patterning. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1422-1441. [PMID: 37339912 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater cnidarian Hydra can regenerate from wounds, small tissue fragments and even from aggregated cells. This process requires the de novo development of a body axis and oral-aboral polarity, a fundamental developmental process that involves chemical patterning and mechanical shape changes. Gierer and Meinhardt recognized that Hydra's simple body plan and amenability to in vivo experiments make it an experimentally and mathematically tractable model to study developmental patterning and symmetry breaking. They developed a reaction-diffusion model, involving a short-range activator and a long-range inhibitor, which successfully explained patterning in the adult animal. In 2011, HyWnt3 was identified as a candidate for the activator. However, despite the continued efforts of both physicists and biologists, the predicted inhibitor remains elusive. Furthermore, the Gierer-Meinhardt model cannot explain de novo axis formation in cellular aggregates that lack inherited tissue polarity. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on Hydra symmetry breaking and patterning. We summarize the history of patterning studies and insights from recent biomechanical and molecular studies, and highlight the need for continued validation of theoretical assumptions and collaboration across disciplinary boundaries. We conclude by proposing new experiments to test current mechano-chemical coupling models and suggest ideas for expanding the Gierer-Meinhardt model to explain de novo patterning, as observed in Hydra aggregates. The availability of a fully sequenced genome, transgenic fluorescent reporter strains, and modern imaging techniques, that enable unprecedented observation of cellular events in vivo, promise to allow the community to crack Hydra's secret to patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 CA, USA
| | - April L Bialas
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, 19081 PA, USA
| | - Tapan Goel
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332 GA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 CA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria S Collins
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, 19081 PA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA
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7
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Tsubosaka A, Komura D, Kakiuchi M, Katoh H, Onoyama T, Yamamoto A, Abe H, Seto Y, Ushiku T, Ishikawa S. Stomach encyclopedia: Combined single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal cell diversity and homeostatic regulation of human stomach. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113236. [PMID: 37819756 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach is an important digestive organ with various biological functions. However, because of the complexity of its cellular and glandular composition, its precise cellular biology has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and subcellular-level spatial transcriptomics analysis of the human stomach and constructed the largest dataset to date: a stomach encyclopedia. This dataset consists of approximately 380,000 cells from scRNA-seq and the spatial transcriptome, enabling integrated analyses of transcriptional and spatial information of gastric and metaplastic cells. This analysis identified LEFTY1 as an uncharacterized stem cell marker, which was confirmed through lineage tracing analysis. A wide variety of cell-cell interactions between epithelial and stromal cells, including PDGFRA+BMP4+WNT5A+ fibroblasts, was highlighted in the developmental switch of intestinal metaplasia. Our extensive dataset will function as a fundamental resource in investigations of the stomach, including studies of development, aging, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Tsubosaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Onoyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Tottori, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Dpartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-kyu 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Dpartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
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8
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Tsuruta A, Kanetani D, Shiiba Y, Inoki T, Yoshida Y, Matsunaga N, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Modulation of cell physiology by bispecific nanobodies enabling changes in the intracellular localization of organelle proteins. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115708. [PMID: 37506923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins localize to their respective organelles in cells. This localization is changed by activation or repression in response to signal transduction. Therefore, the appropriate intracellular localization of proteins is important for their functions to be exerted. However, difficulties are associated with controlling the localization of endogenous proteins. In the present study, we developed a conceptually new method of controlling the intracellular localization of endogenous proteins using bispecific nanobodies (BiNbs). BiNbs recognize proteins expressed in the inner membrane, cytoskeleton, nucleus, and peroxisomes, but not in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. BiNbs designed to recognize β-CATENIN and the intrinsic cytosolic protein VIMENTIN (3 × Flag β-CAT-VIM BiNbs) decreased the β-CATENIN-mediated transactivation of target genes by preventing its nuclear localization. Furthermore, 3 × Flag β-CAT-VIM BiNbs suppressed the proliferation and invasion of the VIMENTIN-expressing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, but not MDA-MB-468, in which the expression of VIMENTIN was defective. The present results revealed that changes in the intracellular localization of specific proteins by BiNbs modulated the physiology and functions of cells. The development of BiNbs to recognize proteins specifically expressed in target cells may be a useful approach for eliciting cell-selective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiki Kanetani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiiba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuto Inoki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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9
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Pagella P, Söderholm S, Nordin A, Zambanini G, Ghezzi V, Jauregi-Miguel A, Cantù C. The time-resolved genomic impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Syst 2023; 14:563-581.e7. [PMID: 37473729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling orchestrates gene expression via its effector, β-catenin. However, it is unknown whether β-catenin binds its target genomic regions simultaneously and how this impacts chromatin dynamics to modulate cell behavior. Using a combination of time-resolved CUT&RUN against β-catenin, ATAC-seq, and perturbation assays in different cell types, we show that Wnt/β-catenin physical targets are tissue-specific, β-catenin "moves" on different loci over time, and its association to DNA accompanies changing chromatin accessibility landscapes that determine cell behavior. In particular, Wnt/β-catenin progressively shapes the chromatin of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as they undergo mesodermal differentiation, a behavior that we define as "plastic." In HEK293T cells, on the other hand, Wnt/β-catenin drives a transient chromatin opening, followed by re-establishment of the pre-stimulation state, a response that we define as "elastic." Future experiments shall assess whether other cell communication mechanisms, in addition to Wnt signaling, are ruled by time, cellular idiosyncrasies, and chromatin constraints. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Zambanini
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valeria Ghezzi
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
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10
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Wnt signaling in stem cells during development and cell lineage specification. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:121-143. [PMID: 36967192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
During embryo development, cell proliferation, cell fate specification and tissue patterning are coordinated and tightly regulated by a handful of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways activated by secreted growth factor families including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nodal/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog and Wnt. The spatial and temporal activation of these signaling pathways elicit context-specific cellular responses that ultimately shape the different tissues of the embryo. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways during embryo development, adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we first describe the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during early embryo development, axis specification and cell differentiation as a prelude to highlight how this knowledge is being leveraged to manipulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity with small molecules and biologics for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into various cell lineages that are physiologically relevant for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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11
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Wnt signaling and the regulation of pluripotency. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:95-119. [PMID: 36967203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of Wnt signaling in stem cells has been mired in seemingly contradictory findings. On one hand, Wnt has been heralded as a self-renewal factor. On the other hand, Wnt's association with differentiation and lineage commitment is indisputable. This apparent contradiction is particularly evident in pluripotent stem cells, where Wnt promotes self-renewal as well as differentiation. To resolve this discrepancy one must delve into fundamental principles of pluripotency and gain an appreciation for the concept of pluripotency states, which exist in a continuum with intermediate metastable states, some of which have been stabilized in vitro. Wnt signaling is a critical regulator of transitions between pluripotent states. Here, we will discuss Wnt's roles in maintaining pluripotency, promoting differentiation, as well as stimulating reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state.
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12
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Niazi Y, Paramasivam N, Blocka J, Kumar A, Huhn S, Schlesner M, Weinhold N, Sijmons R, De Jong M, Durie B, Goldschmidt H, Hemminki K, Försti A. Investigation of Rare Non-Coding Variants in Familial Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010096. [PMID: 36611892 PMCID: PMC9818386 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy whereby a single clone of plasma cells over-propagates in the bone marrow, resulting in the increased production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the complex genetic architecture of MM is well characterized, much less is known about germline variants predisposing to MM. Genome-wide sequencing approaches in MM families have started to identify rare high-penetrance coding risk alleles. In addition, genome-wide association studies have discovered several common low-penetrance risk alleles, which are mainly located in the non-coding genome. Here, we further explored the genetic basis in familial MM within the non-coding genome in whole-genome sequencing data. We prioritized and characterized 150 upstream, 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' UTR variants from 14 MM families, including 20 top-scoring variants. These variants confirmed previously implicated biological pathways in MM development. Most importantly, protein network and pathway enrichment analyses also identified 10 genes involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which have previously been established as important MM pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Niazi
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanna Blocka
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Sijmons
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam De Jong
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Durie
- Cedars Sinai Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Tan AL, Mohanty S, Guo J, Lekven AC, Riley BB. Pax2a, Sp5a and Sp5l act downstream of Fgf and Wnt to coordinate sensory-neural patterning in the inner ear. Dev Biol 2022; 492:139-153. [PMID: 36244503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In zebrafish, sensory epithelia and neuroblasts of the inner ear form simultaneously in abutting medial and lateral domains, respectively, in the floor of the otic vesicle. Previous studies support regulatory roles for Fgf and Wnt, but how signaling is coordinated is poorly understood. We investigated this problem using pharmacological and transgenic methods to alter Fgf or Wnt signaling from early placodal stages to evaluate later changes in growth and patterning. Blocking Fgf at any stage reduces proliferation of otic tissue and terminates both sensory and neural specification. Wnt promotes proliferation in the otic vesicle but is not required for sensory or neural development. However, sustained overactivation of Wnt laterally expands sensory epithelia and blocks neurogenesis. pax2a, sp5a and sp5l are coregulated by Fgf and Wnt and show overlapping expression in the otic placode and vesicle. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that these genes are together required for Wnt's suppression of neurogenesis, as well as some aspects of sensory development. Thus, pax2a, sp5a and sp5l are critical for mediating Fgf and Wnt signaling to promote spatially localized sensory and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Tan
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Saurav Mohanty
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jinbai Guo
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Arne C Lekven
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bruce B Riley
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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14
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Yadav S, Garrido A, Hernández MC, Oliveros JC, Pérez-García V, Fraga MF, Carrera AC. PI3Kβ-regulated β-catenin mediates EZH2 removal from promoters controlling primed human ESC stemness and primitive streak gene expression. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2239-2255. [PMID: 36179694 PMCID: PMC9561645 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism governing the transition of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward differentiated cells is only partially understood. To explore this transition, the activity and expression of the ubiquitous phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα and PI3Kβ) were modulated in primed hESCs. The study reports a pathway that dismantles the restraint imposed by the EZH2 polycomb repressor on an essential stemness gene, NODAL, and on transcription factors required to trigger primitive streak formation. The primitive streak is the site where gastrulation begins to give rise to the three embryonic cell layers from which all human tissues derive. The pathway involves a PI3Kβ non-catalytic action that controls nuclear/active RAC1 levels, activation of JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase) and nuclear β-catenin accumulation. β-Catenin deposition at promoters triggers release of the EZH2 repressor, permitting stemness maintenance (through control of NODAL) and correct differentiation by allowing primitive streak master gene expression. PI3Kβ epigenetic control of EZH2/β-catenin might be modulated to direct stem cell differentiation. PI3Kβ directs epigenetic control of stemness and primitive streak (PS) essential genes PI3Kβ directs RAC1/JNK/β-catenin activation and induces EZH2 promoter displacement β-Catenin/EZH2 control NODAL, a gene essential for stemness and the master PS genes PI3Kβ/PI3K activities cooperate at stemness; PI3Kβ directs PS gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Yadav
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Hernández
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Oliveros
- Department of Systems Biology, Bioinformatics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center/CSIC, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Research Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana C Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Mukherjee S, Luedeke DM, McCoy L, Iwafuchi M, Zorn AM. SOX transcription factors direct TCF-independent WNT/β-catenin responsive transcription to govern cell fate in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111247. [PMID: 36001974 PMCID: PMC10123531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling controls gene expression across biological contexts from development and stem cell homeostasis to diseases including cancer. How β-catenin is recruited to distinct enhancers to activate context-specific transcription is unclear, given that most WNT/ß-catenin-responsive transcription is thought to be mediated by TCF/LEF transcription factors (TFs). With time-resolved multi-omic analyses, we show that SOX TFs can direct lineage-specific WNT-responsive transcription during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into definitive endoderm and neuromesodermal progenitors. We demonstrate that SOX17 and SOX2 are required to recruit β-catenin to lineage-specific WNT-responsive enhancers, many of which are not occupied by TCFs. At TCF-independent enhancers, SOX TFs establish a permissive chromatin landscape and recruit a WNT-enhanceosome complex to activate SOX/ß-catenin-dependent transcription. Given that SOX TFs and the WNT pathway are critical for specification of most cell types, these results have broad mechanistic implications for the specificity of WNT responses across developmental and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Mukherjee
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - David M Luedeke
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leslie McCoy
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Makiko Iwafuchi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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16
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Decomposing a deterministic path to mesenchymal niche formation by two intersecting morphogen gradients. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1053-1067.e5. [PMID: 35421372 PMCID: PMC9050909 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ formation requires integrating signals to coordinate proliferation, specify cell fates, and shape tissue. Tracing these events and signals remains a challenge, as intermediate states across many critical transitions are unresolvable over real time and space. Here, we designed a unique computational approach to decompose a non-linear differentiation process into key components to resolve the signals and cell behaviors that drive a rapid transition, using the hair follicle dermal condensate as a model. Combining scRNA sequencing with genetic perturbation, we reveal that proliferative Dkk1+ progenitors transiently amplify to become quiescent dermal condensate cells by the mere spatiotemporal patterning of Wnt/β-catenin and SHH signaling gradients. Together, they deterministically coordinate a rapid transition from proliferation to quiescence, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis. Moreover, genetically repatterning these gradients reproduces these events autonomously in "slow motion" across more intermediates that resolve the process. This analysis unravels two morphogen gradients that intersect to coordinate events of organogenesis.
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17
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Holstein TW. The role of cnidarian developmental biology in unraveling axis formation and Wnt signaling. Dev Biol 2022; 487:74-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Correia C, Weiskittel TM, Ung CY, Villasboas Bisneto JC, Billadeau DD, Kaufmann SH, Li H. Uncovering Pharmacological Opportunities for Cancer Stem Cells-A Systems Biology View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:752326. [PMID: 35359437 PMCID: PMC8962639 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.752326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small fraction of the total cancer cell population, yet they are thought to drive disease propagation, therapy resistance and relapse. Like healthy stem cells, CSCs possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate. These stemness phenotypes of CSCs rely on multiple molecular cues, including signaling pathways (for example, WNT, Notch and Hedgehog), cell surface molecules that interact with cellular niche components, and microenvironmental interactions with immune cells. Despite the importance of understanding CSC biology, our knowledge of how neighboring immune and tumor cell populations collectively shape CSC stemness is incomplete. Here, we provide a systems biology perspective on the crucial roles of cellular population identification and dissection of cell regulatory states. By reviewing state-of-the-art single-cell technologies, we show how innovative systems-based analysis enables a deeper understanding of the stemness of the tumor niche and the influence of intratumoral cancer cell and immune cell compositions. We also summarize strategies for refining CSC systems biology, and the potential role of this approach in the development of improved anticancer treatments. Because CSCs are amenable to cellular transitions, we envision how systems pharmacology can become a major engine for discovery of novel targets and drug candidates that can modulate state transitions for tumor cell reprogramming. Our aim is to provide deeper insights into cancer stemness from a systems perspective. We believe this approach has great potential to guide the development of more effective personalized cancer therapies that can prevent CSC-mediated relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Taylor M Weiskittel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Hu Li,
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19
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Hyperforin and Myrtucommulone Derivatives Act as Natural Modulators of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062984. [PMID: 35328403 PMCID: PMC8954631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic activities of natural plant extracts have been well known for centuries. Many of them, in addition to antiviral and antibiotic effects, turned out to have anti-tumor activities by targeting different signaling pathways. The canonical Wnt pathway represents a major tumorigenic pathway deregulated in numerous tumor entities, including colon cancer. Here, we investigated the acylphloroglucinols hyperforin (HF) from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and myrtucommulone A (MC A) from myrtle (Myrtus communis) and semi-synthetic derivatives thereof (HM 177, HM 297, HM298) for their effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. None of these substances revealed major cytotoxicity on STF293 embryonic kidney and HCT116 colon carcinoma cells at concentrations up to 10 μM. At this concentration, HF and HM 177 showed the strongest effect on cell proliferation, whereas MC A and HM 177 most prominently inhibited anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 cells. Western blot analyses of active β-catenin and β-catenin/TCF reporter gene assays in STF293 cells revealed inhibitory activities of HF, MC A and HM 177. In line with this, the expression of endogenous Wnt target genes, Axin and Sp5, in HCT116 cells was significantly reduced. Our data suggest that the acylphloroglucinols hyperforin, myrtucommulone A and its derivative HM 177 represent potential new therapeutic agents to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon cancer.
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20
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Sonavane PR, Willert K. Enrichment and Detection of Wnt Proteins from Cell Culture Media. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2438:123-131. [PMID: 35147939 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid-modified growth factors with a wide range of activities across all metazoan species. Their production, secretion, and signaling range are under tight cellular control such that detection of Wnt proteins in biological samples is often extremely difficult. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to detect secreted Wnt proteins in the culture medium of cell lines that ectopically or endogenously express Wnt genes. This protocol uses an affinity resin, called Blue Sepharose, that binds and thereby enriches Wnt proteins, followed by immunoblotting for the Wnt protein of interest. This method for detecting Wnt proteins will aid in the isolation of biologically active Wnt proteins, provide an assay to study the molecular basis of Wnt secretion, and potentially offer a means to detect trace amounts of Wnt proteins associated with pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Sonavane
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Le MNT, Takahi M, Ohnuma K. Auto/paracrine factors and early Wnt inhibition promote cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells at initial low cell density. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21426. [PMID: 34728657 PMCID: PMC8563935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have received increasing attention for their clinical use. Many protocols induce cardiomyocytes at an initial high cell density (confluence) to utilize cell density effects as hidden factors for cardiomyocyte differentiation. Previously, we established a protocol to induce hiPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes using a defined culture medium and an initial low cell density (1% confluence) to minimize the hidden factors. Here, we investigated the key factors promoting cardiomyocyte differentiation at an initial low cell density to clarify the effects of cell density. Co-culture of hiPSCs at an initial low cell density with those at an initial high cell density showed that signals secreted from cells (auto/paracrine factors) and not cell–cell contact signals, played an important role in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Moreover, although cultures with initial low cell density showed higher expression of anti-cardiac mesoderm genes, earlier treatment with a Wnt production inhibitor efficiently suppressed the anti-cardiac mesoderm gene expression and promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation by up to 80% at an initial low cell density. These results suggest that the main effect of cell density on cardiomyocyte differentiation is inhibition of Wnt signaling at the early stage of induction, through auto/paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Tuyet Le
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Mika Takahi
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohnuma
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan. .,Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
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22
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Sharma A, Mir R, Galande S. Epigenetic Regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:681053. [PMID: 34552611 PMCID: PMC8450413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past four decades have elucidated the role of Wnt/β-catenin mediated regulation in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. These processes are fundamental to embryonic development, regeneration potential of tissues, as well as cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic players which influence the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulation of its components and coordinated regulation of the Wnt target genes. The role played by crosstalk with other signaling pathways mediating tumorigenesis is also elaborated. The Hippo/YAP pathway is particularly emphasized due to its extensive crosstalk via the Wnt destruction complex. Further, we highlight the recent advances in developing potential therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenetic machinery based on the characterization of these regulatory networks for effective treatment of various cancers and also for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Rafeeq Mir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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23
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Hammelman J, Gifford DK. Discovering differential genome sequence activity with interpretable and efficient deep learning. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009282. [PMID: 34370721 PMCID: PMC8376110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering sequence features that differentially direct cells to alternate fates is key to understanding both cellular development and the consequences of disease related mutations. We introduce Expected Pattern Effect and Differential Expected Pattern Effect, two black-box methods that can interpret genome regulatory sequences for cell type-specific or condition specific patterns. We show that these methods identify relevant transcription factor motifs and spacings that are predictive of cell state-specific chromatin accessibility. Finally, we integrate these methods into framework that is readily accessible to non-experts and available for download as a binary or installed via PyPI or bioconda at https://cgs.csail.mit.edu/deepaccess-package/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hammelman
- Computational and Systems Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David K. Gifford
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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24
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Mishra S, Taelman J, Popovic M, Tilleman L, Duthoo E, van der Jeught M, Deforce D, van Nieuwerburgh F, Menten B, de Sutter P, Boel A, Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM, Heindryckx B. Activin A-derived human embryonic stem cells show increased competence to differentiate into primordial germ cell-like cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:551-563. [PMID: 33470497 PMCID: PMC8248136 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for specifying human primordial germ cell‐like cells (hPGCLCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remain hindered by differences between hESC lines, their derivation methods, and maintenance culture conditions. This poses significant challenges for establishing reproducible in vitro models of human gametogenesis. Here, we investigated the influence of activin A (ActA) during derivation and maintenance on the propensity of hESCs to differentiate into PGCLCs. We show that continuous ActA supplementation during hESC derivation (from blastocyst until the formation of the post‐inner cell mass intermediate [PICMI]) and supplementation (from the first passage of the PICMI onwards) is beneficial to differentiate hESCs to PGCLCs subsequently. Moreover, comparing isogenic primed and naïve states prior to differentiation, we showed that conversion of hESCs to the 4i‐state improves differentiation to (TNAP [tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase]+/PDPN [podoplanin]+) PGCLCs. Those PGCLCs expressed several germ cell markers, including TFAP2C (transcription factor AP‐2 gamma), SOX17 (SRY‐box transcription factor 17), and NANOS3 (nanos C2HC‐type zinc finger 3), and markers associated with germ cell migration, CXCR4 (C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4), LAMA4 (laminin subunit alpha 4), ITGA6 (integrin subunit alpha 6), and CDH4 (cadherin 4), suggesting that the large numbers of PGCLCs obtained may be suitable to differentiate further into more mature germ cells. Finally, hESCs derived in the presence of ActA showed higher competence to differentiate to hPGCLC, in particular if transiently converted to the 4i‐state. Our work provides insights into the differences in differentiation propensity of hESCs and delivers an optimized protocol to support efficient human germ cell derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasin Taelman
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mina Popovic
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evi Duthoo
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margot van der Jeught
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra de Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susana M Chuva De Sousa Lopes
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Azambuja AP, Simoes-Costa M. A regulatory sub-circuit downstream of Wnt signaling controls developmental transitions in neural crest formation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009296. [PMID: 33465092 PMCID: PMC7846109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of cell fate commitment involves sequential changes in the gene expression profiles of embryonic progenitors. This is exemplified in the development of the neural crest, a migratory stem cell population derived from the ectoderm of vertebrate embryos. During neural crest formation, cells transition through distinct transcriptional states in a stepwise manner. The mechanisms underpinning these shifts in cell identity are still poorly understood. Here we employ enhancer analysis to identify a genetic sub-circuit that controls developmental transitions in the nascent neural crest. This sub-circuit links Wnt target genes in an incoherent feedforward loop that controls the sequential activation of genes in the neural crest lineage. By examining the cis-regulatory apparatus of Wnt effector gene AXUD1, we found that multipotency factor SP5 directly promotes neural plate border identity, while inhibiting premature expression of specification genes. Our results highlight the importance of repressive interactions in the neural crest gene regulatory network and illustrate how genes activated by the same upstream signal become temporally segregated during progressive fate restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azambuja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Marcos Simoes-Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Sonavane PR, Willert K. Controlling Wnt Signaling Specificity and Implications for Targeting WNTs Pharmacologically. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:3-28. [PMID: 34463853 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is critical for proper development of the embryo and for tissue homeostasis in the adult. Activation of this signaling cascade is initiated by binding of the secreted Wnts to their receptors. With the mammalian genome encoding multiple Wnts and Wnt receptors, a longstanding question in the field has been how Wnt-receptor specificities are achieved. Emerging from these studies is a picture of exquisite control over Wnt protein production, secretion, distribution, and receptor interactions, culminating in activation of downstream signaling cascades that control a myriad of biological processes. Here we discuss mechanisms by which Wnt protein activities are tuned and illustrate how the multiple layers of regulation can be leveraged for therapeutic interventions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Sonavane
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Gumber D, Do M, Suresh Kumar N, Sonavane PR, Wu CCN, Cruz LS, Grainger S, Carson D, Gaasterland T, Willert K. Selective activation of FZD7 promotes mesendodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. eLife 2020; 9:e63060. [PMID: 33331818 PMCID: PMC7759383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT proteins are secreted symmetry breaking signals that interact with cell surface receptors of the FZD family to regulate a multitude of developmental processes. Studying selectivity between WNTs and FZDs has been hampered by the paucity of purified WNT proteins and by their apparent non-selective interactions with the FZD receptors. Here, we describe an engineered protein, called F7L6, comprised of antibody-derived single-chain variable fragments, that selectively binds to human FZD7 and the co-receptor LRP6. F7L6 potently activates WNT/β-catenin signaling in a manner similar to Wnt3a. In contrast to Wnt3a, F7L6 engages only FZD7 and none of the other FZD proteins. Treatment of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells with F7L6 initiates transcriptional programs similar to those observed during primitive streak formation and subsequent gastrulation in the mammalian embryo. This demonstrates that selective engagement and activation of FZD7 signaling is sufficient to promote mesendodermal differentiation of hPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gumber
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Myan Do
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Neya Suresh Kumar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Pooja R Sonavane
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Christina C N Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Luisjesus S Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Dennis Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Terry Gaasterland
- University of California San Diego and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Scripps Genome CenterLa JollaUnited States
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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28
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Vriend J, Rastegar M. Ubiquitin ligases and medulloblastoma: genetic markers of the four consensus subgroups identified through transcriptome datasets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165839. [PMID: 32445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system regulates key cellular processes in normal and in cancer cells. Herein, we review published data on the role of ubiquitin ligases in the four major subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB). While conventional literature serves as an initial source of information on cellular pathways in MB, large publicly available datasets of gene expression can be used to add information not previously identified in the literature. By analysing the publicly available Cavalli dataset, we show that increased expression of ZNRF3 characterizes the WNT subgroup of MB. The ZNRF3 gene codes for an E3 ligase associated with WNT receptors. Loss of a copy of chromosome 6 in a subtype of the WNT group was associated with decreased expression of the gene encoding the E3 ligase RNF146. While the E3 ligase SMURF regulates SHH receptors, increased expression of the gene encoding the Cullin Ring E3 adaptor PPP2R2C was statistically a better genetic marker of the SHH group. Genes whose expression was statistically strongly related to Group 3 included the E3 ligase gene TRIM58, and the gene for the E3 ligase adaptor, PPP2R2B. Group 4 MB was associated with expression of genes encoding several E3 ligases and E3 ligase adaptors involved in ribosome biogenesis. Increased expression of the genes encoding the E3 ligase adaptors and transcription repressors ZBTB18 and ZBTB38 were also noted in subgroup 4. These data suggest that several E3 ligases and their adaptors should be investigated as therapeutic targets for subgroup specific MB brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
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29
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Pangeni RP, Yang L, Zhang K, Wang J, Li W, Guo C, Yun X, Sun T, Wang J, Raz DJ. G9a regulates tumorigenicity and stemness through genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:88. [PMID: 32552834 PMCID: PMC7302379 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic histone methyltransferases 2 (EHMT2 or G9A) has been regarded as a potential target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. This study investigated the regulatory roles of G9A in tumorigenesis and stemness in NSCLC. We isolated and enriched tumor-initiating cells (TIC) from surgically resected NSCLC tissues by FACS and sphere formation assays. We then knocked down G9A using shRNA and carried out genome-wide 850K methylation array and RNA sequencing analyses. We carried out in vivo tumorigenecity asssay using mice xenografts and examined G9A interactions with its novel target using chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results We identified 67 genes hypomethylated and 143 genes upregulated following G9A knockdown of which 43 genes were both hypomethylated and upregulated. We selected six genes (CDYL2, DPP4, SP5, FOXP1, STAMBPL1, and ROBO1) for validation. In addition, G9A expression was higher in TICs and targeting G9a by shRNA knockdown or by selective inhibitor UNC0642 significantly inhibited the expression of cancer stem cell markers and sphere forming capacity, in vitro proliferation, and in vivo growth. Further, transient overexpression of FOXP1, a protein may promote normal stem cell differentiation, in TICs resulted in downregulation of stem cell markers and sphere forming capacity and cell proliferation in vitro indicating that the genes we identified are directly regulated by G9A through aberrant DNA methylation and subsequent expression. Similarly, ChIP assay has shown that G9a interacts with its target genes through H3K9me2 and downregulation of H3K9me2 following G9a knockdown disrupts its interaction with its target genes. Conclusions These data suggest that G9A is involved in lung cancer stemness through epigenetic mechanisms of maintaining DNA methylation of multiple lung cancer stem cell genes and their expression. Further, targeting G9A or its downstream genes could be a novel therapeutic approach in treating NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Pangeni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of System Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Centre, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wendong Li
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Chao Guo
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Frey Medical Laboratory, Maoling Rd, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwei Yun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jami Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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30
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Ghorbani-Dalini S, Azarpira N, Sangtarash MH, Soleimanpour-Lichaei HR, Yaghobi R, Lorzadeh S, Sabet A, Sarshar M, Al-Abdullah IH. Optimization of activin-A: a breakthrough in differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell into definitive endoderm. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:215. [PMID: 32355589 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The first step in differentiation of pluripotent stem cell toward endoderm-derived cell/organ is differentiation to definitive endoderm (DE) which is the central issue in developmental biology. Based on several evidences, we hypothesized that activin-A optimization as well as replacement of fetal bovine serum (FBS) with knockout serum replacement (KSR) is important for differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line into DE. Therefore, a stepwise differentiation protocol was applied on R1-hiPSC1 cell line. At first, activin-A concentration (30, 50, 70 and 100 ng/ml) was optimized. Then, substitution of FBS with KSR was evaluated across four treatment groups. The amount of differentiation of iPSC toward DE was determined by quantitative gene expression analyses of pluripotency (NANOG and OCT4), definitive endoderm (SOX17 and FOXA2) and endoderm-derived organs (PDX1, NEUROG3, and PAX6). Based on gene expression analyses, the more decrease in concentrations of activin-A can increase the differentiation of iPSC into DE, therefore, 30 ng/ml activin-A was chosen as the best concentration for the differentiation of R1-hiPSC1 line toward endoderm-derived organ. Moreover, complete replacement of FBS with gradually increased KSR improved the differentiation of iPSC toward DE. For this reason, the addition of 0% KSR at day 1, 0.2% at day 2 and 2% for the next 3 days was the best optimal protocol of the differentiation of iPSC toward DE. Overall, our results demonstrate that optimization of activin-A is important for differentiation of iPSC line. Furthermore, the replacement of FBS with KSR can improve the efficiency of iPSC differentiation toward DE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Negar Azarpira
- 1Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Soleimanpour-Lichaei
- 3Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- 1Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- 1Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alice Sabet
- 1Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- 4Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- 5Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- 6Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, USA
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31
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Matsuda M, Yamanaka Y, Uemura M, Osawa M, Saito MK, Nagahashi A, Nishio M, Guo L, Ikegawa S, Sakurai S, Kihara S, Maurissen TL, Nakamura M, Matsumoto T, Yoshitomi H, Ikeya M, Kawakami N, Yamamoto T, Woltjen K, Ebisuya M, Toguchida J, Alev C. Recapitulating the human segmentation clock with pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2020; 580:124-129. [PMID: 32238941 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are increasingly used to model different aspects of embryogenesis and organ formation1. Despite recent advances in in vitro induction of major mesodermal lineages and cell types2,3, experimental model systems that can recapitulate more complex features of human mesoderm development and patterning are largely missing. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cells for the stepwise in vitro induction of presomitic mesoderm and its derivatives to model distinct aspects of human somitogenesis. We focused initially on modelling the human segmentation clock, a major biological concept believed to underlie the rhythmic and controlled emergence of somites, which give rise to the segmental pattern of the vertebrate axial skeleton. We observed oscillatory expression of core segmentation clock genes, including HES7 and DKK1, determined the period of the human segmentation clock to be around five hours, and demonstrated the presence of dynamic travelling-wave-like gene expression in in vitro-induced human presomitic mesoderm. Furthermore, we identified and compared oscillatory genes in human and mouse presomitic mesoderm derived from pluripotent stem cells, which revealed species-specific and shared molecular components and pathways associated with the putative mouse and human segmentation clocks. Using CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing technology, we then targeted genes for which mutations in patients with segmentation defects of the vertebrae, such as spondylocostal dysostosis, have been reported (HES7, LFNG, DLL3 and MESP2). Subsequent analysis of patient-like and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells revealed gene-specific alterations in oscillation, synchronization or differentiation properties. Our findings provide insights into the human segmentation clock as well as diseases associated with human axial skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Matsuda
- Laboratory for Reconstitutive Developmental Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (RIKEN BDR), Kobe, Japan.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maya Uemura
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Nishio
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN IMS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakurai
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kihara
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thomas L Maurissen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawakami
- Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical-Risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Ebisuya
- Laboratory for Reconstitutive Developmental Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (RIKEN BDR), Kobe, Japan. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Junya Toguchida
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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32
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Sabbagh MF, Nathans J. A genome-wide view of the de-differentiation of central nervous system endothelial cells in culture. eLife 2020; 9:e51276. [PMID: 31913116 PMCID: PMC6948952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) derived from the central nervous system (CNS) variably lose their unique barrier properties during in vitro culture, hindering the development of robust assays for blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, including drug permeability and extrusion assays. In previous work (Sabbagh et al., 2018) we characterized transcriptional and accessible chromatin landscapes of acutely isolated mouse CNS ECs. In this report, we compare transcriptional and accessible chromatin landscapes of acutely isolated mouse CNS ECs versus mouse CNS ECs in short-term in vitro culture. We observe that standard culture conditions are associated with a rapid and selective loss of BBB transcripts and chromatin features, as well as a greatly reduced level of beta-catenin signaling. Interestingly, forced expression of a stabilized derivative of beta-catenin, which in vivo leads to a partial conversion of non-BBB CNS ECs to a BBB-like state, has little or no effect on gene expression or chromatin accessibility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of OphthalmologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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33
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Wang L, Su Y, Huang C, Yin Y, Chu A, Knupp A, Tang Y. NANOG and LIN28 dramatically improve human cell reprogramming by modulating LIN41 and canonical WNT activities. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/12/bio047225. [PMID: 31806618 PMCID: PMC6918770 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient and the underlying mechanisms by different reprogramming factors are elusive. We found that NANOG and LIN28 (NL) synergize to improve OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM)-mediated reprogramming by ∼76-fold and shorten reprogramming latency by at least 1 week. This synergy is inhibited by GLIS1 but reinforced by an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) to a ∼127-fold increase in TRA-1-60-positive (+) iPSC colonies. Mechanistically, NL serve as the main drivers of reprogramming in cell epithelialization, the expression of Let-7 miRNA target LIN41, and the activation of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling, which can be further enhanced by iDOT1L treatment. LIN41 overexpression in addition to OSKM similarly promoted cell epithelialization and WNT activation in reprogramming, and a dominant-negative LIN41 mutation significantly blocked NL- and iDOT1L-enhanced reprogramming. We also found that NL- and iDOT1L-induced canonical WNT activation facilitates the initial development kinetics of iPSCs. However, a substantial increase in more mature, homogeneous TRA-1-60+ colony formation was achieved by inhibiting WNT activity at the middle-to-late-reprogramming stage. We further found that LIN41 can replace LIN28 to synergize with NANOG, and that the coexpression of LIN41 with NL further enhanced the formation of mature iPSCs under WNT inhibition. Our study established LIN41 and canonical WNT signaling as the key downstream effectors of NL for the dramatic improvement in reprogramming efficiency and kinetics, and optimized a condition for the robust formation of mature human iPSC colonies from primary cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alec Knupp
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Ye Z, Mittag S, Schmidt M, Simm A, Horstkorte R, Huber O. Wnt Glycation Inhibits Canonical Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111320. [PMID: 31731544 PMCID: PMC6912562 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation occurs as a non-enzymatic reaction between amino and thiol groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides with reducing sugars or α-dicarbonyl metabolites. The chemical reaction underlying is the Maillard reaction leading to the formation of a heterogeneous group of compounds named advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Deleterious effects have been observed to accompany glycation such as alterations of protein structure and function resulting in crosslinking and accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates. A substantial body of evidence associates glycation with aging. Wnt signaling plays a fundamental role in stem cell biology as well as in regeneration and repair mechanisms. Emerging evidence implicates that changes in Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity contribute to the aging process. Here, we investigated the effect of glycation of Wnt3a on its signaling activity. Methods: Glycation was induced by treatment of Wnt3a-conditioned medium (CM) with glyoxal (GO). Effects on Wnt3a signaling activity were analyzed by Topflash/Fopflash reporter gene assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Our data show that GO-treatment results in glycation of Wnt3a. Glycated Wnt3a suppresses β-catenin transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays, reduced binding of β-catenin to T-cell factor 4 (TCF-4) and extenuated transcription of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Conclusions: GO-induced glycation impairs Wnt3a signaling function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Ye
- Department of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Sonnhild Mittag
- Department of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Otmar Huber
- Department of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9396400
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35
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Tewari AG, Owen JH, Petersen CP, Wagner DE, Reddien PW. A small set of conserved genes, including sp5 and Hox, are activated by Wnt signaling in the posterior of planarians and acoels. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008401. [PMID: 31626630 PMCID: PMC6821139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates primary body axis formation across the Metazoa, with high Wnt signaling specifying posterior identity. Whether a common Wnt-driven transcriptional program accomplishes this broad role is poorly understood. We identified genes acutely affected after Wnt signaling inhibition in the posterior of two regenerative species, the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and the acoel Hofstenia miamia, which are separated by >550 million years of evolution. Wnt signaling was found to maintain positional information in muscle and regional gene expression in multiple differentiated cell types. sp5, Hox genes, and Wnt pathway components are down-regulated rapidly after β-catenin RNAi in both species. Brachyury, a vertebrate Wnt target, also displays Wnt-dependent expression in Hofstenia. sp5 inhibits trunk gene expression in the tail of planarians and acoels, promoting separate tail-trunk body domains. A planarian posterior Hox gene, Post-2d, promotes normal tail regeneration. We propose that common regulation of a small gene set–Hox, sp5, and Brachyury–might underlie the widespread utilization of Wnt signaling in primary axis patterning across the Bilateria. How animals form and maintain their body axes is a fundamental topic in developmental biology. Wnt signaling is an important regulator of head-tail axis formation across animals, with high Wnt signaling specifying tail identity. In this study, we use two species that are separated by more than 550 million years of evolution, planarians and acoels, to find genes regulated by Wnt signaling in the tail broadly in the Bilateria. We identified a small conserved set of Wnt-regulated genes, including the transcription factor-encoding genes sp5 and Hox. This suggests that regulation of this gene set might be a key function of Wnt signaling in the tails of bilaterally symmetric animals. Inhibition of a planarian posterior Hox gene, Post-2d, by RNAi caused tail-regeneration defects. Inhibition of sp5 by RNAi revealed that it functions to restrict the expression of trunk genes in the tail of planarians and acoels. Since Wnt signaling activates both trunk and tail patterning gene expression in planarians, this suggests a mechanism by which Wnt signaling can establish separate trunk-tail body domains through regulation of sp5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha G. Tewari
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jared H. Owen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian P. Petersen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Wagner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Reddien
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Grainger S, Nguyen N, Richter J, Setayesh J, Lonquich B, Oon CH, Wozniak JM, Barahona R, Kamei CN, Houston J, Carrillo-Terrazas M, Drummond IA, Gonzalez D, Willert K, Traver D. EGFR is required for Wnt9a-Fzd9b signalling specificity in haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:721-730. [PMID: 31110287 PMCID: PMC6559346 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling drives a plethora of processes in development, homeostasis, and disease; however, the role and mechanism of individual ligand/receptor (Wnt/Frizzled, Fzd) interactions in specific biological processes remain poorly understood. Wnt9a is specifically required for the amplification of blood progenitor cells during development. Using genetic studies in zebrafish and human embryonic stem cells, paired with in vitro cell biology and biochemistry, we have determined that Wnt9a signals specifically through Fzd9b to elicit β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling that regulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence. We demonstrate that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is required as a co-factor for Wnt9a/Fzd9b signalling. EGFR-mediated phosphorylation of one tyrosine residue on the Fzd9b intracellular tail in response to Wnt9a promotes internalization of the Wnt9a/Fzd9b/LRP signalosome and subsequent signal transduction. These findings provide mechanistic insights for specific Wnt/Fzd signals, which will be crucial for specific therapeutic targeting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jenna Richter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Setayesh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Lonquich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chet Huan Oon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rocio Barahona
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caramai N Kamei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Nephrology Division, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jack Houston
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Massachusetts General Hospital Nephrology Division, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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37
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Mucenski ML, Mahoney R, Adam M, Potter AS, Potter SS. Single cell RNA-seq study of wild type and Hox9,10,11 mutant developing uterus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4557. [PMID: 30872674 PMCID: PMC6418183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterus is a remarkable organ that must guard against infections while maintaining the ability to support growth of a fetus without rejection. The Hoxa10 and Hoxa11 genes have previously been shown to play essential roles in uterus development and function. In this report we show that the Hoxa9,10,11, Hoxc9,10,11, Hoxd9,10,11 genes play a redundant role in the formation of uterine glands. In addition, we use single cell RNA-seq to create a high resolution gene expression atlas of the developing wild type mouse uterus. Cell types and subtypes are defined, for example dividing endothelial cells into arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic, while epithelial cells separate into luminal and glandular subtypes. Further, a surprising heterogeneity of stromal and myocyte cell types are identified. Transcription factor codes and ligand/receptor interactions are characterized. We also used single cell RNA-seq to globally define the altered gene expression patterns in all developing uterus cell types for two Hox mutants, with 8 or 9 mutant Hox genes. The mutants show a striking disruption of Wnt signaling as well as the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 ligand/receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Mucenski
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert Mahoney
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andrew S Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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38
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Vogg MC, Beccari L, Iglesias Ollé L, Rampon C, Vriz S, Perruchoud C, Wenger Y, Galliot B. An evolutionarily-conserved Wnt3/β-catenin/Sp5 feedback loop restricts head organizer activity in Hydra. Nat Commun 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 30659200 PMCID: PMC6338789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyps of the cnidarian Hydra maintain their adult anatomy through two developmental organizers, the head organizer located apically and the foot organizer basally. The head organizer is made of two antagonistic cross-reacting components, an activator, driving apical differentiation and an inhibitor, preventing ectopic head formation. Here we characterize the head inhibitor by comparing planarian genes down-regulated when β-catenin is silenced to Hydra genes displaying a graded apical-to-basal expression and an up-regulation during head regeneration. We identify Sp5 as a transcription factor that fulfills the head inhibitor properties: leading to a robust multiheaded phenotype when knocked-down in Hydra, acting as a transcriptional repressor of Wnt3 and positively regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Hydra and zebrafish Sp5 repress Wnt3 promoter activity while Hydra Sp5 also activates its own expression, likely via β-catenin/TCF interaction. This work identifies Sp5 as a potent feedback loop inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a function conserved across eumetazoan evolution. Hydra regenerate various body parts on amputation by activation of the appropriate organiser, but how head formation is controlled is unclear. Here, the authors identify the transcription factor Sp5 as restricting head formation, by being activated by beta-catenin and then acting as a repressor of Wnt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Vogg
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Beccari
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laura Iglesias Ollé
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Christine Rampon
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB), CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biology Department, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.,PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB), CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biology Department, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.,PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Perruchoud
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Wenger
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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39
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Grainger S, Willert K. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1422. [PMID: 29600540 PMCID: PMC6165711 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved system that regulates complex biological processes across all metazoan species. At the cellular level, secreted Wnt proteins serve to break symmetry and provide cells with positional information that is critical to the patterning of the entire body plan. At the organismal level, Wnt signals are employed to orchestrate fundamental developmental processes, including the specification of the anterior-posterior body axis, induction of the primitive streak and ensuing gastrulation movements, and the generation of cell and tissue diversity. Wnt functions extend into adulthood where they regulate stem cell behavior, tissue homeostasis, and damage repair. Disruption of Wnt signaling activity during embryonic development or in adults results in a spectrum of abnormalities and diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the myriad of Wnt-regulated biological effects have been the subject of intense research for over three decades. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of how Wnt signals are generated and interpreted. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
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40
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Roberto VP, Gavaia P, Nunes MJ, Rodrigues E, Cancela ML, Tiago DM. Evidences for a New Role of miR-214 in Chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3704. [PMID: 29487295 PMCID: PMC5829070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-214 is known to play a role in mammalian skeletal development through inhibition of osteogenesis and stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, but data regarding other vertebrates, as well as a possible role in chondrogenesis, remain unknown. Here, we show that miR-214 expression is detected in bone and cartilage of zebrafish skeleton, and is downregulated during murine ATDC5 chondrocyte differentiation. Additionally, we observed a conservation of the transcriptional regulation of miR-214 primary transcript Dnm3os in vertebrates, being regulated by Ets1 in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-214 in vitro and in vivo mitigated chondrocyte differentiation probably by targeting activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4). Indeed, miR-214 overexpression in vivo hampered cranial cartilage formation of zebrafish and coincided with downregulation of atf4 and of the key chondrogenic players sox9 and col2a1. We show that miR-214 overexpression exerts a negative role in chondrogenesis by impacting on chondrocyte differentiation possibly through conserved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Palma Roberto
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, DCBM, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Martins Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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41
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Modeling the Role of Wnt Signaling in Human and Drosophila Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020101. [PMID: 29462894 PMCID: PMC5852597 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, barely more than a decade ago, dramatically transformed the study of stem cells and introduced a completely new way to approach many human health concerns. Although advances have pushed the field forward, human application remains some years away, in part due to the need for an in-depth mechanistic understanding. The role of Wnts in stem cells predates the discovery of iPS cells with Wnts established as major pluripotency promoting factors. Most work to date has been done using mouse and tissue culture models and few attempts have been made in other model organisms, but the recent combination of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing with iPS cell technology provides a perfect avenue for exploring iPS cells in model organisms. Drosophila is an ideal organism for such studies, but fly iPS cells have not yet been made. In this opinion article, we draw parallels between Wnt signaling in human and Drosophila stem cell systems, propose ways to obtain Drosophila iPS cells, and suggest ways to exploit the versatility of the Drosophila system for future stem cell studies.
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