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Chauhan A, Patzner MS, Bhattacharyya A, Borch T, Fischer S, Obst M, ThomasArrigo LK, Kretzschmar R, Mansor M, Bryce C, Kappler A, Joshi P. Interactions between iron and carbon in permafrost thaw ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174321. [PMID: 38942322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Thawing permafrost forms "thaw ponds" that accumulate and transport organic carbon (OC), redox-active iron (Fe), and other elements. Although Fe has been shown to act as a control on the microbial degradation of OC in permafrost soils, the role of iron in carbon cycling in thaw ponds remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated Fe-OC interactions in thaw ponds in partially and fully thawed soils ("bog" and "fen" thaw ponds, respectively) in a permafrost peatland complex in Abisko, Sweden, using size separation (large particulate fraction (LPF), small particulate fraction (SPF), and dissolved fraction (DF)), acid extractions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The bulk total Fe (total suspended Fe) in the bogs ranged from 135 mg/L (mean = 13 mg/L) whereas the fens exhibited higher total Fe (1.5 to 212 mg/L, mean = 30 mg/L). The concentration of bulk total OC (TOC) in the bog thaw ponds ranged from 50 to 352 mg/L (mean = 170 mg/L), higher than the TOC concentration in the fen thaw ponds (8.5 to 268 mg/L, mean = 17 mg/L). The concentration of 1 M HCl-extractable Fe in the bog ponds was slightly lower than that in the fens (93 ± 1.2 and 137 ± 3.5 mg/L Fe, respectively) with Fe predominantly (>75 %) in the DF in both thaw stages. Fe K-edge XAS analysis showed that while Fe(II) was the predominant species in LPF, Fe(III) was more abundant in the DF, indicating that the stage of thawing and particle size may control Fe redox state. Furthermore, Fe(II) and Fe(III) were partially complexed with natural organic matter (NOM, 8 to 80 %) in both thaw ponds. Results of our work suggest that Fe and OC released during permafrost thaw into thaw ponds (re-)associate, potentially protecting OC from microbial decomposition while also stabilizing the redox state of Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chauhan
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monique S Patzner
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, United States
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Tübingen Structural Microscopy Core Facility, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Obst
- Experimental Biogeochemistry, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Laurel K ThomasArrigo
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Kretzschmar
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Muammar Mansor
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Casey Bryce
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Chen L, Yang G, Bai Y, Chang J, Qin S, Liu F, He M, Song Y, Zhang F, Peñuelas J, Zhu B, Zhou G, Yang Y. Permafrost carbon cycle and its dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1833-1848. [PMID: 38951429 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge on permafrost carbon (C) cycle is crucial for understanding its feedback to climate warming and developing nature-based solutions for mitigating climate change. To understand the characteristics of permafrost C cycle on the Tibetan Plateau, the largest alpine permafrost region around the world, we summarized recent advances including the stocks and fluxes of permafrost C and their responses to thawing, and depicted permafrost C dynamics within this century. We find that this alpine permafrost region stores approximately 14.1 Pg (1 Pg=1015 g) of soil organic C (SOC) in the top 3 m. Both substantial gaseous emissions and lateral C transport occur across this permafrost region. Moreover, the mobilization of frozen C is expedited by permafrost thaw, especially by the formation of thermokarst landscapes, which could release significant amounts of C into the atmosphere and surrounding water bodies. This alpine permafrost region nevertheless remains an important C sink, and its capacity to sequester C will continue to increase by 2100. For future perspectives, we would suggest developing long-term in situ observation networks of C stocks and fluxes with improved temporal and spatial coverage, and exploring the mechanisms underlying the response of ecosystem C cycle to permafrost thaw. In addition, it is essential to improve the projection of permafrost C dynamics through in-depth model-data fusion on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Futing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yutong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC- UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry (CREAF), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Walter Anthony KM, Anthony P, Hasson N, Edgar C, Sivan O, Eliani-Russak E, Bergman O, Minsley BJ, James SR, Pastick NJ, Kholodov A, Zimov S, Euskirchen E, Bret-Harte MS, Grosse G, Langer M, Nitzbon J. Upland Yedoma taliks are an unpredicted source of atmospheric methane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6056. [PMID: 39025864 PMCID: PMC11258132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Landscape drying associated with permafrost thaw is expected to enhance microbial methane oxidation in arctic soils. Here we show that ice-rich, Yedoma permafrost deposits, comprising a disproportionately large fraction of pan-arctic soil carbon, present an alternate trajectory. Field and laboratory observations indicate that talik (perennially thawed soils in permafrost) development in unsaturated Yedoma uplands leads to unexpectedly large methane emissions (35-78 mg m-2 d-1 summer, 150-180 mg m-2 d-1 winter). Upland Yedoma talik emissions were nearly three times higher annually than northern-wetland emissions on an areal basis. Approximately 70% emissions occurred in winter, when surface-soil freezing abated methanotrophy, enhancing methane escape from the talik. Remote sensing and numerical modeling indicate the potential for widespread upland talik formation across the pan-arctic Yedoma domain during the 21st and 22nd centuries. Contrary to current climate model predictions, these findings imply a positive and much larger permafrost-methane-climate feedback for upland Yedoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Walter Anthony
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - P Anthony
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - N Hasson
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - C Edgar
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - O Sivan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - E Eliani-Russak
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - O Bergman
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - B J Minsley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S R James
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - N J Pastick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - A Kholodov
- Geophysical Research Institute, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - S Zimov
- Pacific Geographical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northeast Science Station, Cherskiy, Russia
| | - E Euskirchen
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - M S Bret-Harte
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - G Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Langer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Nitzbon
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
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Wen Z, Han J, Shang Y, Tao H, Fang C, Lyu L, Li S, Hou J, Liu G, Song K. Spatial variations of DOM in a diverse range of lakes across various frozen ground zones in China: Insights into molecular composition. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121204. [PMID: 38301526 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in aquatic biogeochemical processes and the carbon cycle. As global climate warming continues, it is anticipated that the composition of DOM in lakes will be altered. This could have significant ecological and environmental implications, particularly in frozen ground zones. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the spatial variations and molecular composition of DOM in lakes within various frozen ground zones. In this study, we examined the spatial variations of in-lake DOM both quantitatively, focusing on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and qualitatively, by evaluating optical properties and conducting molecular characterization using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Lakes in cold regions retained more organic carbon compared to those in warmer regions, the comparison of the mean value of DOC concentration of all sampling sites in the same frozen ground zone showed that the highest mean lake DOC concentration found in the permafrost zone at 21.4 ± 19.3 mg/L. We observed decreasing trends in E2:E3 and MLBL, along with increasing trends in SUVA254 and AImod, along the gradually warming ground. These trends suggest lower molecular weight, reduced aromaticity, and increased molecular lability of in-lake DOM in the permafrost zone compared to other frozen ground zones. Further FT-ICR MS characterization revealed significant molecular-level heterogeneity of DOM, with the lowest abundance of assigned DOM molecular formulas found in lakes within permafrost zones. In all studied zones, the predominant molecular formulas in-lake DOM were compounds consisted by CHO elements, accounting for 40.1 % to 63.1 % of the total. Interestingly, the percentage of CHO exhibited a gradual decline along the warming ground, while there was an increasing trend in nitrogen-containing compounds (CHON%). Meanwhile, a substantial number of polyphenols were identified, likely due to the higher rates of DOM mineralization and the transport of terrestrial DOM derived from vascular plants under the elevated temperature and precipitation conditions in the warming region. In addition, sulfur-containing compounds (CHOS and CHNOS) associated with synthetic surfactants and agal derivatives were consistently detected, and their relative abundances exhibited higher values in seasonal and short-frozen ground zones. This aligns with the increased anthropogenic disturbances to the lake's ecological environment in these two zones. This study reported the first description of in-lake DOM at the molecular level in different frozen ground zones. These findings underline that lakes in the permafrost zone serve as significant hubs for carbon processing. Investigating them may expand our understanding of carbon cycling in inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Junbin Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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5
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Ren Z, Zhang C, Li X, Luo W. Thermokarst lakes are hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123334. [PMID: 38218544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are natural products and emerging pollutants in remote environments, including permafrost regions that are rapidly thawing due to climate warming. We investigated the role of thermokarst lakes (including sediment and water) in reserving ARGs compared to permafrost soils across the permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As intrinsically connected distinct environments, permafrost soil, lake sediment, and lake water harbored 1239 ARGs in total, while a considerable number of same ARGs (683 out of 1239) concurrently presented in all these environments. Soil and sediment had a higher number of ARGs than water. Multidrug resistance genes were the most diverse and abundant in all three environments, where cls, ropB, mdfA, fabI, and macB were the top five most abundant ARGs while with different orders. Soil and sediment had similar ARG profiles, and the alpha and beta diversity of ARGs in sediment were positively correlated with that in soil. The beta diversity of ARG profiles between sediment and soil was highly contributed by turnover component (89%). However, turnover and nestedness components were almost equality contributed (46%-54%) to the beta diversity of ARG profiles between soil and water as well as between sediment and water. The results suggested that thermokarst lake sediments might inherit the ARGs in permafrost soils. Water ARGs are the subset of soil ARGs and sediment ARGs to a certain degree with species turnover playing a significant role. When accounting the ARGs in sediment and water together, thermokarst lakes had a significantly higher number of ARGs than permafrost soils, suggesting that thermokarst lakes act as the hotspots of ARGs in permafrost regions. These findings are disturbing especially due to the fact that tremendous number of thermokarst lakes are forming under accelerating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; School of Engineering Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Xia Li
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200136, China; Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200030, China; The Technology and Equipment Engineering Centre for Polar Observations, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
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6
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Yang S, Wen X, Wagner D, Strauss J, Kallmeyer J, Anthony SE, Liebner S. Microbial assemblages in Arctic coastal thermokarst lakes and lagoons. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae014. [PMID: 38308515 PMCID: PMC10883142 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated changes in microbial community composition in thawing permafrost landscapes, but microbial assemblages in the transient ecosystems of the Arctic coastline remain poorly understood. Thermokarst lakes, abrupt permafrost thaw features, are widespread along the pan-Arctic coast and transform into thermokarst lagoons upon coastal erosion and sea-level rise. This study looks at the effect of marine water inundation (imposing a sulfate-rich, saline environment on top of former thermokarst lake sediments) on microbial community composition and the processes potentially driving microbial community assembly. In the uppermost lagoon sediment influenced from marine water inflow, the microbial structures were significantly different from those deeper in the lagoon sediment and from those of the lakes. In addition, they became more similar along depth compared with lake communities. At the same time, the diversity of core microbial consortia community decreased compared with the lake sediments. This work provides initial observational evidence that Arctic thermokarst lake to lagoon transitions do not only substantially alter microbial communities but also that this transition has a larger effect than permafrost thaw and lake formation history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhong Yang
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
- Cyrosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Wen
- College of Electrical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Xibei Xincun 1, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Strauss
- Permafrost Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Kallmeyer
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara E Anthony
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Liebner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Zhou G, Liu W, Xie C, Song X, Zhang Q, Li Q, Liu G, Li Q, Luo B. Accelerating thermokarst lake changes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2985. [PMID: 38316850 PMCID: PMC10844240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As significant evidence of ice-rich permafrost degradation due to climate warming, thermokarst lake was developing and undergoing substantial changes. Thermokarst lake was an essential ecosystem component, which significantly impacted the global carbon cycle, hydrology process and the stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor. In this paper, based on Sentinel-2 (2021) and Landsat (1988-2020) images, thermokarst lakes within a 5000 m range along both sides of Qinghai-Tibet Highway were extracted to analyse the spatio-temporal variations. The results showed that the number and area of thermokarst lake in 2021 were 3965 and 4038.6 ha (1 ha = 10,000 m[Formula: see text]), with an average size of 1.0186 ha. Small thermokarst lakes ([Formula: see text]1 ha) accounted for 85.65% of the entire lake count, and large thermokarst lakes ([Formula: see text]10 ha) occupied for 44.92% of the whole lake area. In all sub-regions, the number of small lake far exceeds 75% of the total lake number in each sub-region. R1 sub-region (around Wudaoliang region) had the maximum number density of thermokarst lakes with 0.0071, and R6 sub-region (around Anduo region) had the minimum number density with 0.0032. Thermokarst lakes were mainly distributed within elevation range of 4300 m-5000 m a.s.l. (94.27% and 97.13% of the total number and size), on flat terrain with slopes less than 3[Formula: see text] (99.17% and 98.47% of the total number and surface) and in the north, south, and southeast aspects (51.98% and 50.00% of the total number and area). Thermokarst lakes were significantly developed in warm permafrost region with mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) > - 1.5 [Formula: see text]C, accounting for 47.39% and 54.38% of the total count and coverage, respectively. From 1988 to 2020, in spite of shrinkage or even drain of small portion of thermokarst lake, there was a general expansion trend of thermokarst lake with increase in number of 195 (8.58%) and area of 1160.19 ha (41.36%), which decreased during 1988-1995 (- 702 each year and - 706.27 ha/yr) and then increased during 1995-2020 (184.96-702 each year and 360.82 ha/yr). This significant expansion was attributed to ground ice melting as rising air temperature at a rate of 0.03-0.04 [Formula: see text]C/yr. Followed by the increasing precipitation (1.76-3.07 mm/yr) that accelerated the injection of water into lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Zhou
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Changwei Xie
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cry-osphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xianteng Song
- Xining Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Qingpeng Li
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Guangyue Liu
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cry-osphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Bingnan Luo
- Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
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8
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Leddin D, Montgomery H. The fundamentals: understanding the climate change crisis. Gut 2023; 72:2196-2198. [PMID: 37977583 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Wang R, Guo L, Yang Y, Zheng H, Jia H, Diao B, Li H, Liu J. Thermokarst lake susceptibility assessment using machine learning models in permafrost landscapes of the Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165709. [PMID: 37516190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Ice-rich permafrost thaws in response to rapid Arctic warming, and ground subsidence facilitates the formation of thermokarst lakes. Thermokarst lakes transform the surface energy balance of permafrost, affecting geomorphology, hydrology, ecology, and infrastructure stability, which can further contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, the spatial distribution of thermokarst lakes at large scales remains a challenging task. Based on multiple high-resolution environmental factors and thermokarst lake inventories, we used machine learning methods to estimate the spatial distributions of present and future thermokarst lake susceptibility (TLS) maps. We also identified key environmental factors of the TLS map. At 1.8 × 106 km2, high and very high susceptible regions were estimated to cover about 10.4 % of the region poleward of 60°N, which were mainly distributed in permafrost-dominated lowland regions. At least 23.9 % of the area of TLS maps was projected to disappear under representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCPs), with increased susceptibility levels in northern Canada. The slope was the key conditioning factor for the occurrence of thermokarst lakes in Arctic permafrost regions. Compared with similar studies, the reliability of the TLS map was further evaluated using probability calibration curve and coefficient of variation (CV). Our results provide a means for assessing the spatial distribution of thermokarst lakes at the circum-Arctic scale but also improve the understanding of their dynamics in response to the climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanlan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baijian Diao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jifu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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10
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Chen Y, Cheng X, Liu A, Chen Q, Wang C. Tracking lake drainage events and drained lake basin vegetation dynamics across the Arctic. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7359. [PMID: 37968270 PMCID: PMC10652023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread lake drainage can lead to large-scale drying in Arctic lake-rich areas, affecting hydrology, ecosystems and permafrost carbon dynamics. To date, the spatio-temporal distribution, driving factors, and post-drainage dynamics of lake drainage events across the Arctic remain unclear. Using satellite remote sensing and surface water products, we identify over 35,000 (~0.6% of all lakes) lake drainage events in the northern permafrost zone between 1984 and 2020, with approximately half being relatively understudied non-thermokarst lakes. Smaller, thermokarst, and discontinuous permafrost area lakes are more susceptible to drainage compared to their larger, non-thermokarst, and continuous permafrost area counterparts. Over time, discontinuous permafrost areas contribute more drained lakes annually than continuous permafrost areas. Following drainage, vegetation rapidly colonizes drained lake basins, with thermokarst drained lake basins showing significantly higher vegetation growth rates and greenness levels than their non-thermokarst counterparts. Under warming, drained lake basins are likely to become more prevalent and serve as greening hotspots, playing an important role in shaping Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Aobo Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Yellow River Civilization by Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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11
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Hu J, Kang L, Li Z, Feng X, Liang C, Wu Z, Zhou W, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen L. Photo-produced aromatic compounds stimulate microbial degradation of dissolved organic carbon in thermokarst lakes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3681. [PMID: 37344478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical and biological degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and their interactions jointly contribute to the carbon dioxide released from surface waters in permafrost regions. However, the mechanisms that govern the coupled photochemical and biological degradation of DOC are still poorly understood in thermokarst lakes. Here, by combining Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and microbial high-throughput sequencing, we conducted a sunlight and microbial degradation experiment using water samples collected from 10 thermokarst lakes along a 1100-km permafrost transect. We demonstrate that the enhancement of sunlight on DOC biodegradation is not associated with the low molecular weight aliphatics produced by sunlight, but driven by the photo-produced aromatics. This aromatic compound-driven acceleration of biodegradation may be attributed to the potential high abilities of the microbes to decompose complex compounds in thermokarst lakes. These findings highlight the importance of aromatics in regulating the sunlight effects on DOC biodegradation in permafrost-affected lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Luyao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caifan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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12
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Zhao B, Hu Y, Yu H, Chen S, Xing T, Guo S, Zhang H. A method for researching the eutrophication and N/P loads of plateau lakes: Lugu Lake as a case. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162747. [PMID: 36906015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lugu Lake is one of the best plateau lakes in China in terms of water quality, but in recent years the eutrophication of Lugu Lake has accelerated due to high nitrogen and phosphorus loads. This study aimed to determine the eutrophication state of Lugu Lake. Specifically, the spatio-temporal variations of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution during the wet and dry seasons were investigated in Lianghai and Caohai, and the primary environmental effect factors were defined. Adopting the endogenous static release experiments and the exogenous improved export coefficient model, a novel approach (a combination of internal and external sources) was developed for the estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in Lugu Lake. It was indicated that the order of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Lugu Lake was Caohai > Lianghai and dry season > wet season. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) were the main environmental factors causing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Endogenous nitrogen and phosphorus release rates in Lugu Lake were 668.7 and 42.0 t/a, respectively, and exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus input rates were 372.7 and 30.8 t/a, respectively. The contributions of pollution sources, in descending order, were sediment > land-use categories > residents and livestock breeding > plant decay, of which sediment nitrogen and phosphorus loads accounted for 64.3 % and 57.4 %, respectively. Regulating the endogenous release of sediment and obstructing the exogenous input from shrubland and woodland are emphasized for the management of nitrogen and phosphorus contamination in Lugu Lake. Thus, this study can serve as a theoretical foundation and technical guide for eutrophication control in plateau lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yuansi Hu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Haoran Yu
- Municipal Environmental Construction Co., Ltd of Crec, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Sikai Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Tao Xing
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Science, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- China 19th Metallurgical Corporation, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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13
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Yang G, Zheng Z, Abbott BW, Olefeldt D, Knoblauch C, Song Y, Kang L, Qin S, Peng Y, Yang Y. Characteristics of methane emissions from alpine thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3121. [PMID: 37253726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding methane (CH4) emission from thermokarst lakes is crucial for predicting the impacts of abrupt thaw on the permafrost carbon-climate feedback. However, observational evidence, especially from high-altitude permafrost regions, is still scarce. Here, by combining field surveys, radio- and stable-carbon isotopic analyses, and metagenomic sequencing, we present multiple characteristics of CH4 emissions from 120 thermokarst lakes in 30 clusters along a 1100 km transect on the Tibetan Plateau. We find that thermokarst lakes have high CH4 emissions during the ice-free period (13.4 ± 1.5 mmol m-2 d-1; mean ± standard error) across this alpine permafrost region. Ebullition constitutes 84% of CH4 emissions, which are fueled primarily by young carbon decomposition through the hydrogenotrophic pathway. The relative abundances of methanogenic genes correspond to the observed CH4 fluxes. Overall, multiple parameters obtained in this study provide benchmarks for better predicting the strength of permafrost carbon-climate feedback in high-altitude permafrost regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhihu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Benjamin W Abbott
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - David Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | | | - Yutong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Luyao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Ren Z, Ma K, Jia X, Wang Q, Zhang C, Li X. Metagenomics Unveils Microbial Diversity and Their Biogeochemical Roles in Water and Sediment of Thermokarst Lakes in the Yellow River Source Area. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:904-915. [PMID: 35650293 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermokarst lakes have long been recognized as biogeochemical hotspots, especially as sources of greenhouse gases. On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, thermokarst lakes are experiencing extensive changes due to faster warming. For a deep understanding of internal lake biogeochemical processes, we applied metagenomic analyses to investigate the microbial diversity and their biogeochemical roles in sediment and water of thermokarst lakes in the Yellow River Source Area (YRSA). Sediment microbial communities (SMCs) had lower species and gene richness than water microbial communities (WMCs). Bacteria were the most abundant component in both SMCs and WMCs with significantly different abundant genera. The functional analyses showed that both SMCs and WMCs had low potential in methanogenesis but strong in aerobic respiration, nitrogen assimilation, exopolyphosphatase, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases, and polyphosphate kinase. Moreover, SMCs were enriched in genes involved in anaerobic carbon fixation, aerobic carbon fixation, fermentation, most nitrogen metabolism pathways, dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, polysulfide reduction, 2-phosphonopropionate transporter, and phosphate regulation. WMCs were enriched in genes involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfur mineralization, phosphonoacetate hydrolase, and phosphonate transport. Functional potentials suggest the differences of greenhouse gas emission, nutrient cycling, and living strategies between SMCs and WMCs. This study provides insight into the main biogeochemical processes and their properties in thermokarst lakes in YRSA, improving our understanding of the roles and fates of these lakes in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ren
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 18 Jinfeng Road, Xiangzhou Distract, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China.
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Kang Ma
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuan Jia
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 18 Jinfeng Road, Xiangzhou Distract, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 18 Jinfeng Road, Xiangzhou Distract, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
- School of Engineering Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Xia Li
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 18 Jinfeng Road, Xiangzhou Distract, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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15
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Permafrost in the Cretaceous supergreenhouse. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7946. [PMID: 36572668 PMCID: PMC9792593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth's climate during the last 4.6 billion years has changed repeatedly between cold (icehouse) and warm (greenhouse) conditions. The hottest conditions (supergreenhouse) are widely assumed to have lacked an active cryosphere. Here we show that during the archetypal supergreenhouse Cretaceous Earth, an active cryosphere with permafrost existed in Chinese plateau deserts (astrochonological age ca. 132.49-132.17 Ma), and that a modern analogue for these plateau cryospheric conditions is the aeolian-permafrost system we report from the Qiongkuai Lebashi Lake area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Significantly, Cretaceous plateau permafrost was coeval with largely marine cryospheric indicators in the Arctic and Australia, indicating a strong coupling of the ocean-atmosphere system. The Cretaceous permafrost contained a rich microbiome at subtropical palaeolatitude and 3-4 km palaeoaltitude, analogous to recent permafrost in the western Himalayas. A mindset of persistent ice-free greenhouse conditions during the Cretaceous has stifled consideration of permafrost thaw as a contributor of C and nutrients to the palaeo-oceans and palaeo-atmosphere.
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16
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A globally relevant stock of soil nitrogen in the Yedoma permafrost domain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6074. [PMID: 36241637 PMCID: PMC9568517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen regulates multiple aspects of the permafrost climate feedback, including plant growth, organic matter decomposition, and the production of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Despite its importance, current estimates of permafrost nitrogen are highly uncertain. Here, we compiled a dataset of >2000 samples to quantify nitrogen stocks in the Yedoma domain, a region with organic-rich permafrost that contains ~25% of all permafrost carbon. We estimate that the Yedoma domain contains 41.2 gigatons of nitrogen down to ~20 metre for the deepest unit, which increases the previous estimate for the entire permafrost zone by ~46%. Approximately 90% of this nitrogen (37 gigatons) is stored in permafrost and therefore currently immobile and frozen. Here, we show that of this amount, ¾ is stored >3 metre depth, but if partially mobilised by thaw, this large nitrogen pool could have continental-scale consequences for soil and aquatic biogeochemistry and global-scale consequences for the permafrost feedback.
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17
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The Role of Thermokarst Lake Expansion in Altering the Microbial Community and Methane Cycling in Beiluhe Basin on Tibetan Plateau. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081620. [PMID: 36014037 PMCID: PMC9412574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant environmental changes across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the rapid lake expansion. The expansion of thermokarst lakes affects the global biogeochemical cycles and local climate regulation by rising levels, expanding area, and increasing water volumes. Meanwhile, microbial activity contributes greatly to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon in the thermokarst lakes, including organic matter decomposition, soil formation, and mineralization. However, the impact of lake expansion on distribution patterns of microbial communities and methane cycling, especially those of water and sediment under ice, remain unknown. This hinders our ability to assess the true impact of lake expansion on ecosystem services and our ability to accurately investigate greenhouse gas emissions and consumption in thermokarst lakes. Here, we explored the patterns of microorganisms and methane cycling by investigating sediment and water samples at an oriented direction of expansion occurred from four points under ice of a mature-developed thermokarst lake on TP. In addition, the methane concentration of each water layer was examined. Microbial diversity and network complexity were different in our shallow points (MS, SH) and deep points (CE, SH). There are differences of microbial community composition among four points, resulting in the decreased relative abundances of dominant phyla, such as Firmicutes in sediment, Proteobacteria in water, Thermoplasmatota in sediment and water, and increased relative abundance of Actinobacteriota with MS and SH points. Microbial community composition involved in methane cycling also shifted, such as increases in USCγ, Methylomonas, and Methylobacter, with higher relative abundance consistent with low dissolved methane concentration in MS and SH points. There was a strong correlation between changes in microbiota characteristics and changes in water and sediment environmental factors. Together, these results show that lake expansion has an important impact on microbial diversity and methane cycling.
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18
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Wei Z, Du Z, Wang L, Zhong W, Lin J, Xu Q, Xiao C. Sedimentary organic carbon storage of thermokarst lakes and ponds across Tibetan permafrost region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154761. [PMID: 35339557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentary soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in thermokarst lakes and ponds (hereafter referred to as thaw lakes) across high-latitude/altitude permafrost areas is of global significance due to increasing thaw lake numbers and their high C vulnerability under climate warming. However, to date, little is known about the SOC storage in these lakes, which limits our better understanding of the fate of these active carbon in a warming future. Here, by combining large-scale field observation data and published deep (e.g., 0-300 cm) permafrost SOC data with a random forest (RF) machine learning technique, we provided the first comprehensive estimation of thaw lake SOC stocks to 3 m depth on the Tibetan Plateau. This study demonstrated that combining multiple environmental factors with the RF model could effectively predict the spatial distributions of the thaw lake SOC density values (SOCDs). The model results revealed that the soil respiration, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and mean annual precipitation (MAP) were the most influential factors for predicting thaw lake SOCDs. In total, the sedimentary SOC stocks in the thaw lakes were approximately 52.62 Tg in the top 3 m, with 53% of the SOC stored in the upper layers (0-100 cm). The SOCDs generally exhibited high values in eastern Tibetan Plateau, and low values in mid- and western Tibetan Plateau, which were similar to the patterns of the land cover types that affected the SOCDs. We further found that the SOCDs of thaw lakes were generally higher than those of their surrounding permafrost soils at different layer depths, which could be ascribed to the erosion of soil particles or leaching solution from the thawing permafrost soils to lakes and/or enhanced vegetation growth at the lake bottom. This research highlights the necessity of explicitly considering the thaw lake SOC stocks in Earth system models for more comprehensive future projections of the carbon dynamics on the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wei
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Zhiheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- School of Geography Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cunde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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19
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Pellerin A, Lotem N, Walter Anthony K, Eliani Russak E, Hasson N, Røy H, Chanton JP, Sivan O. Methane production controls in a young thermokarst lake formed by abrupt permafrost thaw. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3206-3221. [PMID: 35243729 PMCID: PMC9310722 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) release to the atmosphere from thawing permafrost contributes significantly to global CH4 emissions. However, constraining the effects of thaw that control the production and emission of CH4 is needed to anticipate future Arctic emissions. Here are presented robust rate measurements of CH4 production and cycling in a region of rapidly degrading permafrost. Big Trail Lake, located in central Alaska, is a young, actively expanding thermokarst lake. The lake was investigated by taking two 1 m cores of sediment from different regions. Two independent methods of measuring microbial CH4 production, long term (CH4 accumulation) and short term (14 C tracer), produced similar average rates of 11 ± 3.5 and 9 ± 3.6 nmol cm-3 d-1 , respectively. The rates had small variations between the different lithological units, indicating homogeneous CH4 production despite heterogeneous lithology in the surface ~1 m of sediment. To estimate the total CH4 production, the CH4 production rates were multiplied through the 10-15 m deep talik (thaw bulb). This estimate suggests that CH4 production is higher than emission by a maximum factor of ~2, which is less than previous estimates. Stable and radioactive carbon isotope measurements showed that 50% of dissolved CH4 in the first meter was produced further below. Interestingly, labeled 14 C incubations with 2-14 C acetate and 14 C CO2 indicate that variations in the pathway used by microbes to produce CH4 depends on the age and type of organic matter in the sediment, but did not appear to influence the rates at which CH4 was produced. This study demonstrates that at least half of the CH4 produced by microbial breakdown of organic matter in actively expanding thermokarst is emitted to the atmosphere, and that the majority of this CH4 is produced in the deep sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pellerin
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeershevaIsrael
| | - Noam Lotem
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeershevaIsrael
| | - Katey Walter Anthony
- Water and Environmental Research CenterUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaskaUSA
- International Arctic Research CenterFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | - Efrat Eliani Russak
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeershevaIsrael
| | - Nicholas Hasson
- Water and Environmental Research CenterUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | - Hans Røy
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jeffrey P. Chanton
- Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Orit Sivan
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeershevaIsrael
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20
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Chen Y, Liu A, Cheng X. Detection of thermokarst lake drainage events in the northern Alaska permafrost region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150828. [PMID: 34627883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly warming Arctic climate is reducing the stability of near-surface permafrost, and the thawing of ice-rich permafrost causes landscape changes known as thermokarst processes. Growing evidence suggests an increasing trend in the frequency and magnitude of thermokarst lake drainage events, which would significantly alter topography and hydrology, affecting ecosystem stability and carbon cycling. Dynamic monitoring of thermokarst lakes through satellite imagery remains a challenging task, as current temporal trend analysis methods have difficulty in accurately detecting when thermokarst lake drainage events occur. In this study, to improve the detection of time series breakpoints, an advanced temporal segmentation and change detection algorithm developed for forest change detection was, for the first time, transposed to monitor thermokarst lake dynamics. Moreover, to filter out spurious signals caused by fluctuations in lake area, we developed a hybrid algorithm to validate the detected thermokarst lake drainage events at the pixel-level and lake object-level, respectively. The method developed in this study demonstrates its effectiveness in detecting thermokarst lake drainage events in Arctic permafrost ecosystems and the potential to monitor the evolution of thermokarst landscapes using Landsat archive. A time-series analysis of changes in the thermokarst lake region of northern Alaska since 2000 using all available Landsat continuous data was performed on the Google Earth Engine platform. In total, 90 drainage lakes larger than 5 ha in size were detected in our study area, nearly a third of which were almost completely drained. As thermokarst lakes drainage represent hotspots of permafrost degradation, we publicly share information on these drained lakes to help select more targeted sites for costly fieldwork and validation activities. This study provides a basis for understanding and quantifying thermokarst lake dynamics in the Arctic permafrost region, which will contribute to the goal of integrating thermokarst processes into earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Aobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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21
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Chen Y, Liu A, Cheng X. Vegetation grows more luxuriantly in Arctic permafrost drained lake basins. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5865-5876. [PMID: 34411382 PMCID: PMC9291482 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As Arctic warming, permafrost thawing, and thermokarst development intensify, increasing evidence suggests that the frequency and magnitude of thermokarst lake drainage events are increasing. Presently, we lack a quantitative understanding of vegetation dynamics in drained lake basins, which is necessary to assess the extent to which plant growth in thawing ecosystems will offset the carbon released from permafrost. In this study, continuous satellite observations were used to detect thermokarst lake drainage events in northern Alaska over the past 20 years, and an advanced temporal segmentation and change detection algorithm allowed us to determine the year of drainage for each lake. Quantitative analysis showed that the greenness (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) of tundra vegetation growing on wet and nutrient-rich lake sediments increased approximately 10 times faster than that of the peripheral vegetation. It takes approximately 5 years (4-6 years for the 25%-75% range) for the drainage lake area to reach the greenness level of the peripheral vegetation. Eventually, the NDVI values of the drained lake basins were 0.15 (or 25%) higher than those of the surrounding areas. In addition, we found less lush vegetation in the floodplain drained lake basins, possibly due to water logging. We further explored the key environmental drivers affecting vegetation dynamics in and around the drained lake basins. The results showed that our multivariate regression model well simulated the growth dynamics of the drainage lake ecosystem ( Radj2=.73 , p < .001) and peripheral vegetation ( Radj2=.68 , p < .001). Among climate variables, moisture variables were more influential than temperature variables, indicating that vegetation growth in this area is susceptible to water stress. Our study provides valuable information for better modeling of vegetation dynamics in thermokarst lake areas and provides new insights into Arctic greening and carbon balance studies as thermokarst lake drainage intensifies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, and College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Geospatial Engineering and ScienceSun Yat‐Sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Aobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, and College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Geospatial Engineering and ScienceSun Yat‐Sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Xiao Cheng
- School of Geospatial Engineering and ScienceSun Yat‐Sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
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22
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Montgomery H, Hughes F. Who cares about climate? Med J Aust 2021; 215:410-411. [PMID: 34719026 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Anisimov O, Zimov S. Thawing permafrost and methane emission in Siberia: Synthesis of observations, reanalysis, and predictive modeling. AMBIO 2021; 50:2050-2059. [PMID: 33140207 PMCID: PMC8497670 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost has been warming in the last decade at rates up to 0.39 °C 10 year-1, raising public concerns about the local and global impacts, such as methane emission. We used satellite data on atmospheric methane concentrations to retrieve information about methane emission in permafrost and non-permafrost environments in Siberia with different biogeochemical conditions in river valleys, thermokarst lakes, wetlands, and lowlands. We evaluated the statistical links with air temperature, precipitation, depth of seasonal thawing, and freezing and developed a statistical model. We demonstrated that by the mid-21st century methane emission in Siberian permafrost regions will increase by less than 20 Tg year-1, which is at the lower end of other estimates. Such changes will lead to less than 0.02 °C global temperature rise. These findings do not support the "methane bomb" concept. They demonstrate that the feedback between thawing Siberian wetlands and the global climate has been significantly overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Anisimov
- State Hydrological Institute, 23 Second Line V.O., St. Petersburg, Russia 199053
| | - Sergei Zimov
- p/b 18, Cherskiy, Republic of Sakha – Yakutia, Russia
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24
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Impacts of Permafrost Degradation on Carbon Stocks and Emissions under a Warming Climate: A Review. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A huge amount of carbon (C) is stored in permafrost regions. Climate warming and permafrost degradation induce gradual and abrupt carbon emissions into both the atmosphere and hydrosphere. In this paper, we review and synthesize recent advances in studies on carbon stocks in permafrost regions, biodegradability of permafrost organic carbon (POC), carbon emissions, and modeling/projecting permafrost carbon feedback to climate warming. The results showed that: (1) A large amount of organic carbon (1460–1600 PgC) is stored in permafrost regions, while there are large uncertainties in the estimation of carbon pools in subsea permafrost and in clathrates in terrestrial permafrost regions and offshore clathrate reservoirs; (2) many studies indicate that carbon pools in Circum-Arctic regions are on the rise despite the increasing release of POC under a warming climate, because of enhancing carbon uptake of boreal and arctic ecosystems; however, some ecosystem model studies indicate otherwise, that the permafrost carbon pool tends to decline as a result of conversion of permafrost regions from atmospheric sink to source under a warming climate; (3) multiple environmental factors affect the decomposability of POC, including ground hydrothermal regimes, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, organic carbon contents, and microbial communities, among others; and (4) however, results from modeling and projecting studies on the feedbacks of POC to climate warming indicate no conclusive or substantial acceleration of climate warming from POC emission and permafrost degradation over the 21st century. These projections may potentially underestimate the POC feedbacks to climate warming if abrupt POC emissions are not taken into account. We advise that studies on permafrost carbon feedbacks to climate warming should also focus more on the carbon feedbacks from the rapid permafrost degradation, such as thermokarst processes, gas hydrate destabilization, and wildfire-induced permafrost degradation. More attention should be paid to carbon emissions from aquatic systems because of their roles in channeling POC release and their significant methane release potentials.
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25
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Vulis L, Tejedor A, Zaliapin I, Rowland JC, Foufoula‐Georgiou E. Climate Signatures on Lake And Wetland Size Distributions in Arctic Deltas. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 48:e2021GL094437. [PMID: 35844629 PMCID: PMC9285363 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl094437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how thermokarst lakes on arctic river deltas will respond to rapid warming is critical for projecting how carbon storage and fluxes will change in those vulnerable environments. Yet, this understanding is currently limited partly due to the complexity of disentangling significant interannual variability from the longer-term surface water signatures on the landscape, using the short summertime window of optical spaceborne observations. Here, we rigorously separate perennial lakes from ephemeral wetlands on 12 arctic deltas and report distinct size distributions and climate trends for the two waterbodies. Namely, we find a lognormal distribution for lakes and a power-law distribution for wetlands, consistent with a simple proportionate growth model and inundated topography, respectively. Furthermore, while no trend with temperature is found for wetlands, a statistically significant decreasing trend of mean lake size with warmer temperatures is found, attributed to colder deltas having deeper and thicker permafrost preserving larger lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Vulis
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Alejandro Tejedor
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Science and EngineeringSorbonne University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ilya Zaliapin
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Joel C. Rowland
- Earth and Environmental Sciences DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | - Efi Foufoula‐Georgiou
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Earth System ScienceUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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26
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Emerging mosquitoes (Aedes nigripes) as a resource subsidy for wolf spiders (Pardosa glacialis) in western Greenland. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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de Vrese P, Brovkin V. Timescales of the permafrost carbon cycle and legacy effects of temperature overshoot scenarios. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2688. [PMID: 33976172 PMCID: PMC8113593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing the risks and impacts of climate change requires limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels, while the difficulty of reducing carbon emissions at the necessary rate increases the likelihood of temporarily overshooting this climate target. Using simulations with the land surface model JSBACH, we show that it takes high-latitude ecosystems and the state of permafrost-affected soils several centuries to adjust to the atmospheric conditions that arise at the 1.5 °C-target. Here, a temporary warming of the Arctic entails important legacy effects and we show that feedbacks between water-, energy- and carbon cycles allow for multiple steady-states in permafrost regions, which differ with respect to the physical state of the soil, the soil carbon concentrations and the terrestrial carbon uptake and -release. The steady-states depend on the soil organic matter content at the point of climate stabilization, which is significantly affected by an overshoot-induced soil carbon loss. In this study, the authors investigate a scenario where global temperature increase is limited to 1.5 °C. They find that Arctic ecosystems will need centuries to adapt to such an increase and that the ensuing steady-state depends on the preceding climate trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp de Vrese
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, The Land in the Earth System, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Victor Brovkin
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, The Land in the Earth System, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Bartosiewicz M, Rzepka P, Lehmann MF. Tapping Freshwaters for Methane and Energy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4183-4189. [PMID: 33666422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy supply limits development through fuel constraints and climatic effects. Production of renewable energy is a central pillar of sustainability but will need to play an increasingly important role in energy generation in order to mitigate fossil-fuel based greenhouse-gas emissions. Global freshwaters represent a vast reservoir of biomass and biogenic CH4. Here we demonstrate the great potential for the optimized use of this nonfossil carbon as a source of energy that is replenishable within a human lifetime. The feasibility of up-scaled adsorption-driven technologies to capture and refine aqueous CH4 still awaits verification, yet recent estimates of global freshwater CH4 production imply that the worldwide energy demand could be satisfied by using the "biofuel" building up in lakes and wetlands. Biogenic CH4 is mostly generated from biomass produced through atmospheric CO2 uptake. Its exploitation in freshwaters can thus secure large amounts of carbon-neutral energy, helping to sustain the planetary equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bartosiewicz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz F Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Wang Y, Tang Y, Xu Y, Yu H, Cao X, Duan G, Bi L, Peng J. Isotopic dynamics of precipitation and its regional and local drivers in a plateau inland lake basin, Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143043. [PMID: 33131882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shrinkage of plateau lakes under climate strength has drawn growing attention. Because of its intricate implication to hydro-meteorological condition and climate system, stable isotopes in precipitation (e.g. δ2Hp and δ18Op) provide us a powerful tool to understand the climate-hydrologic dynamics in shrinking lakes. However, how the regional atmospheric circulation, moisture sources and local fractionation processes drive isotopic variability from temporal to spatial scale has rarely been reported for remote plateau lakes. Hence, we collected a total of 98 rainfall samples at the south and the north shores of Chenghai lake, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to study the potential driving forces of precipitation isotope variability during the wet season of 2019. Based on backward trajectories of air masses obtained from HYSPLIT model, 68% of moisture came from δ18O depleted ocean (Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and Pacific Ocean), and the rainout process promoted the isotopic depletion when moisture arrived at the study basin. Evapotranspiration increased the heavy isotope ratios in precipitation originated from continents (northern China inland and western continents). The temporal dynamics of δ18Op and δ2Hp were in phase with the convection activities intensity underlined the influence from large-scale atmospheric circulation. Local meteorological factors played a secondary role in isotope variability. Precipitation amount-effect strongly affected isotope ratios while mild anti-temperature effect was observed at daily scale. Interestingly, the rainfall isotope ratios showed different mechanisms in govern at lake south shore and north shore, with a distance of 19 km in between. This south-to-north difference can be explained by either lower 1.03% sub-evaporation in the south shore or 7% of recycled moisture contributing to precipitation in the north shore. Our findings discover the driving forces for δ18Op variation and provide solid interpretations for hydro-climate change in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUCK), Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaoqi Duan
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijiao Bi
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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30
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Beel CR, Heslop JK, Orwin JF, Pope MA, Schevers AJ, Hung JKY, Lafrenière MJ, Lamoureux SF. Emerging dominance of summer rainfall driving High Arctic terrestrial-aquatic connectivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1448. [PMID: 33664252 PMCID: PMC7933336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrological transformations induced by climate warming are causing Arctic annual fluvial energy to shift from skewed (snowmelt-dominated) to multimodal (snowmelt- and rainfall-dominated) distributions. We integrated decade-long hydrometeorological and biogeochemical data from the High Arctic to show that shifts in the timing and magnitude of annual discharge patterns and stream power budgets are causing Arctic material transfer regimes to undergo fundamental changes. Increased late summer rainfall enhanced terrestrial-aquatic connectivity for dissolved and particulate material fluxes. Permafrost disturbances (<3% of the watersheds’ areal extent) reduced watershed-scale dissolved organic carbon export, offsetting concurrent increased export in undisturbed watersheds. To overcome the watersheds’ buffering capacity for transferring particulate material (30 ± 9 Watt), rainfall events had to increase by an order of magnitude, indicating the landscape is primed for accelerated geomorphological change when future rainfall magnitudes and consequent pluvial responses exceed the current buffering capacity of the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Climate warming is causing annual Arctic fluvial energy budgets to shift seasonality from snowmelt-dominated to snowmelt- and rainfall-dominated hydrological regimes, enhancing late summer and fall terrestrial-aquatic connectivity and higher material fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Beel
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. .,Water Management and Monitoring, Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada.
| | - J K Heslop
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Section 3.7 Geomicrobiology, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J F Orwin
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Resource Stewardship Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M A Pope
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A J Schevers
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J K Y Hung
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M J Lafrenière
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S F Lamoureux
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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31
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Hashimoto S, Hikichi M, Maruoka S, Gon Y. Our future: Experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic. Respir Investig 2021; 59:169-179. [PMID: 33386293 PMCID: PMC7832026 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of the novel coronavirus disease (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) remind us once again of the mechanisms of zoonotic outbreaks. Climate change and the expansion of agricultural lands and infrastructures due to population growth will ultimately reduce or eliminate wildlife and avian habitats and increase opportunities for wildlife and birds to come into contact with livestock and humans. Consequently, infectious pathogens are transmitted from wildlife and birds to livestock and humans, promoting zoonotic diseases. In addition, the spread of diseases has been associated with air pollution and social inequities, such as racial discrimination, gender inequality, and racial, economic, and educational disparities. The COVID-19 pandemic is a fresh reminder of the significance of excessive greenhouse gas excretion and air pollution, highlighting social inequities and distortions. This provides us with an opportunity to reflect on the appropriateness of our trajectory. Therefore, this review glances through the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses our future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hashimoto
- Japan Clean Air Association, 2-2-3 Hibiyakokusai Bud. Uchisaiwaichou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0001, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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32
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Geomorphological and Climatic Drivers of Thermokarst Lake Area Increase Trend (1999–2018) in the Kolyma Lowland Yedoma Region, North-Eastern Siberia. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermokarst lakes are widespread in Arctic lowlands. Under a warming climate, landscapes with highly ice-rich Yedoma Ice Complex (IC) deposits are particularly vulnerable, and thermokarst lake area dynamics serve as an indicator for their response to climate change. We conducted lake change trend analysis for a 44,500 km2 region of the Kolyma Lowland using Landsat imagery in conjunction with TanDEM-X digital elevation model and Quaternary Geology map data. We delineated yedoma–alas relief types with different yedoma fractions, serving as a base for geospatial analysis of lake area dynamics. We quantified lake changes over the 1999–2018 period using machine-learning-based classification of robust trends of multi-spectral indices of Landsat data and object-based long-term lake detection. We analyzed the lake area dynamics separately for 1999–2013 and 1999–2018 periods, including the most recent five years that were characterized by very high precipitation. Comparison of drained lake basin area with thermokarst lake extents reveal the overall limnicity decrease by 80% during the Holocene. Current climate warming and wetting in the region led to a lake area increase by 0.89% for the 1999–2013 period and an increase by 4.15% for the 1999–2018 period. We analyzed geomorphological factors impacting modern lake area changes for both periods such as lake size, elevation, and yedoma–alas relief type. We detected a lake area expansion trend in high yedoma fraction areas indicating ongoing Yedoma IC degradation by lake thermokarst. Our concept of differentiating yedoma–alas relief types helps to characterize landscape-scale lake area changes and could potentially be applied for refined assessments of greenhouse gas emissions in Yedoma regions. Comprehensive geomorphological inventories of Yedoma regions using geospatial data provide a better understanding of the extent of thermokarst processes during the Holocene and the pre-conditioning of modern thermokarst lake area dynamics.
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Pedrazas MN, Cardenas MB, Demir C, Watson JA, Connolly CT, McClelland JW. Absence of ice-bonded permafrost beneath an Arctic lagoon revealed by electrical geophysics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eabb5083. [PMID: 33097537 PMCID: PMC7608830 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relict permafrost is ubiquitous throughout the Arctic coastal shelf, but little is known about it near shore. The presence and thawing of subsea permafrost are vital information because permafrost stores an atmosphere's worth of carbon and protects against coastal erosion. Through electrical resistivity imaging across a lagoon on the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast in summer, we found that the subsurface is not ice-bonded down to ~20 m continually from within the lagoon, across the beach, and underneath an ice-wedge polygon on the tundra. This contrasts with the broadly held idea of a gently sloping ice-bonded permafrost table extending from land to offshore. The extensive unfrozen zone is a marine talik connected to on-land cryopeg. This zone is a potential source and conduit for water and dissolved organic matter, is vulnerable to physical degradation, and is liable to changes in biogeochemical processes that affect carbon cycling and climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela N Pedrazas
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - M Bayani Cardenas
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cansu Demir
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeffery A Watson
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Craig T Connolly
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78373, USA
| | - James W McClelland
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78373, USA
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Jiang H, Yi Y, Zhang W, Yang K, Chen D. Sensitivity of soil freeze/thaw dynamics to environmental conditions at different spatial scales in the central Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139261. [PMID: 32454333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of environmental controls on soil freeze/thaw (F/T) dynamics at different spatial scales is critical for projecting permafrost responses to future climate conditions. In this study, a 1-D soil thermal model and multi-scale observation networks were used to investigate the sensitivity of soil F/T dynamics in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) to environmental conditions at local (~10 km)-, medium- (~30 km), and large (~100 km)- scales. Model simulated soil temperature profile generally agrees well with the observations, with root-mean-square errors (RMSE) lower than 1.3 °C and 2.0 °C for two in-situ networks, respectively. Model simulated maximum frozen depths (MFD) closely related to elevation (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01), soil moisture content (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.01), and soil organic carbon (SOC) content (R2 = 0.18, p < 0.01); however, the impact of SOC on MFD may be due to the close correlation between SOC and soil moisture. The main factors affecting MFD vary with scale. Among the environmental factors examined, topography (especially elevation) is the first-order factor controlling the MFD at the large-scale, indicating the dominance of thermal control. Aspect shows sizeable impacts at the medium-scale, while soil moisture plays an important role at the local-scale. Soil thaw onset shows a close correlation with the examined environmental factors including soil moisture, while freeze onset seems to be influenced more by other factors. Besides the well-known thermal effect, our study highlights the importance of soil moisture in affecting soil F/T dynamics at different scales in the central TP region, and reliable soil moisture products are critical to better project the response of the TP frozen ground to future warming at finer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Jiang
- Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yonghong Yi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Wenjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deliang Chen
- Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Over many millennia, northern peatlands have accumulated large amounts of carbon and nitrogen, thus cooling the global climate. Over shorter timescales, peatland disturbances can trigger losses of peat and release of greenhouses gases. Despite their importance to the global climate, peatlands remain poorly mapped, and the vulnerability of permafrost peatlands to warming is uncertain. This study compiles over 7,000 field observations to present a data-driven map of northern peatlands and their carbon and nitrogen stocks. We use these maps to model the impact of permafrost thaw on peatlands and find that warming will likely shift the greenhouse gas balance of northern peatlands. At present, peatlands cool the climate, but anthropogenic warming can shift them into a net source of warming. Northern peatlands have accumulated large stocks of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), but their spatial distribution and vulnerability to climate warming remain uncertain. Here, we used machine-learning techniques with extensive peat core data (n > 7,000) to create observation-based maps of northern peatland C and N stocks, and to assess their response to warming and permafrost thaw. We estimate that northern peatlands cover 3.7 ± 0.5 million km2 and store 415 ± 150 Pg C and 10 ± 7 Pg N. Nearly half of the peatland area and peat C stocks are permafrost affected. Using modeled global warming stabilization scenarios (from 1.5 to 6 °C warming), we project that the current sink of atmospheric C (0.10 ± 0.02 Pg C⋅y−1) in northern peatlands will shift to a C source as 0.8 to 1.9 million km2 of permafrost-affected peatlands thaw. The projected thaw would cause peatland greenhouse gas emissions equal to ∼1% of anthropogenic radiative forcing in this century. The main forcing is from methane emissions (0.7 to 3 Pg cumulative CH4-C) with smaller carbon dioxide forcing (1 to 2 Pg CO2-C) and minor nitrous oxide losses. We project that initial CO2-C losses reverse after ∼200 y, as warming strengthens peatland C-sinks. We project substantial, but highly uncertain, additional losses of peat into fluvial systems of 10 to 30 Pg C and 0.4 to 0.9 Pg N. The combined gaseous and fluvial peatland C loss estimated here adds 30 to 50% onto previous estimates of permafrost-thaw C losses, with southern permafrost regions being the most vulnerable.
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Abstract
Clusters consisting of 20 water molecules and a single cesium ion are especially stable due to their clathrate structure that is composed exclusively of three-coordinate water molecules. Clathrate stability was investigated using infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in the free-OH stretching region (∼3600-3800 cm-1) at ion cell temperatures between 135 and 355 K. At 275 K and colder, IRPD spectra of Cs+(H2O)20 have just one acceptor-acceptor-donor band. At higher temperatures, a higher-energy acceptor-donor band emerges and grows in intensity. Non-clathrate Na+(H2O)20 structures contain both of these bands, which do not change significantly in intensity over the temperature range. These results indicate a rapid onset in the conversion from clathrate to non-clathrate structures with temperature and suggest that some clathrate population remains even at the highest temperatures investigated. These results provide new insights into the role of entropy in clathrate stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane N Stachl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Evan R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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Gagné KR, Ewers SC, Murphy CJ, Daanen R, Walter Anthony K, Guerard JJ. Composition and photo-reactivity of organic matter from permafrost soils and surface waters in interior Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1525-1539. [PMID: 32567618 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yedoma permafrost soils are especially susceptible to abrupt thaw due to their exceptional thickness and high ice content. Compared to other mineral soils, yedoma has a high organic carbon content, which has shown to be particularly biolabile. The organic carbon in these deposits needs to be characterised to provide an identification toolkit for detecting and monitoring the thaw, mobilisation and mineralisation of yedoma permafrost. This study characterised organic carbon isolates from thermokarst lakes (either receiving inputs from thaw of original yedoma or refrozen-thermokarst deposits, or lacking recent thaw) during winter and summer seasons within the Goldstream Creek watershed, a discontinuous permafrost watershed in interior Alaska, to identify the extent to which thermokarst-lake environments are impacted by degradation of yedoma permafrost. Waters from lakes of varied age and thermokarst activity, as well as active layer and undisturbed yedoma permafrost soils were isolated and characterised by functional group abundance (multiCP-MAS 13C and SPR-W5-WATERGATE 1H NMR), absorbance and fluorescence, and photobleaching ability. DOM isolated from winter and summer seasons revealed differing composition and photoreactivity, suggesting varied active layer and permafrost influence under differing ground water flow regimes. Water extractable organic matter isolates from permafrost leachates revealed variation in terms of photoreactivity and photolability, with the youngest sampled permafrost isolate being the most photoreactive and photolabile. As temperatures increase, release of permafrost organic matter is inevitable. Obtaining a holistic understanding of DOM composition and photoreactivity will allow for a better prediction of permafrost thaw impacts in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R Gagné
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA.
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Bernhard GH, Neale RE, Barnes PW, Neale PJ, Zepp RG, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bais AF, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Young PJ, Liley JB, Lucas RM, Yazar S, Rhodes LE, Byrne SN, Hollestein LM, Olsen CM, Young AR, Robson TM, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Williamson CE, Rose KC, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Wängberg SÅ, Austin AT, Hou WC, Paul ND, Madronich S, Sulzberger B, Solomon KR, Li H, Schikowski T, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM, White CC. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:542-584. [PMID: 32364555 PMCID: PMC7442302 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp90011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595-828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University, New Orleans, USA
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - R G Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A L Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - A F Bais
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R L McKenzie
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - P J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - L E Rhodes
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - S N Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L M Hollestein
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Manchester, The Netherlands
| | - C M Olsen
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, London, UK
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - C L Ballaré
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C E Williamson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - K C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D -P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - S -Å Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A T Austin
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W -C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, China
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - H Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Schikowski
- Research Group of Environmental Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Longstreth
- Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - K K Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C C White
- , 5409 Mohican Rd, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Fast response of cold ice-rich permafrost in northeast Siberia to a warming climate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2201. [PMID: 32366820 PMCID: PMC7198584 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ice- and organic-rich permafrost of the northeast Siberian Arctic lowlands (NESAL) has been projected to remain stable beyond 2100, even under pessimistic climate warming scenarios. However, the numerical models used for these projections lack processes which induce widespread landscape change termed thermokarst, precluding realistic simulation of permafrost thaw in such ice-rich terrain. Here, we consider thermokarst-inducing processes in a numerical model and show that substantial permafrost degradation, involving widespread landscape collapse, is projected for the NESAL under strong warming (RCP8.5), while thawing is moderated by stabilizing feedbacks under moderate warming (RCP4.5). We estimate that by 2100 thaw-affected carbon could be up to three-fold (twelve-fold) under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5), of what is projected if thermokarst-inducing processes are ignored. Our study provides progress towards robust assessments of the global permafrost carbon–climate feedback by Earth system models, and underlines the importance of mitigating climate change to limit its impacts on permafrost ecosystems. Siberian Arctic permafrost contains vast stores of carbon, the fate of which is dependent on the climate. Here the authors use models of future scenarios to show that under the direst climate changes up to 2/3 of the stored organic carbon could thaw.
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40
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Wang T, Yang D, Yang Y, Piao S, Li X, Cheng G, Fu B. Permafrost thawing puts the frozen carbon at risk over the Tibetan Plateau. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3513. [PMID: 32494710 PMCID: PMC7202872 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in permafrost across the high-latitude/altitude Northern Hemisphere represents an important potential carbon source under future warming. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOC over the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP), which has received less attention compared with the circum-Arctic region. The permafrost region covers ~42% of the entire TP and contains ~37.21 Pg perennially frozen SOC at the baseline period (2006-2015). With continuous warming, the active layer is projected to further deepen, resulting in ~1.86 ± 0.49 Pg and ~3.80 ± 0.76 Pg permafrost carbon thawing by 2100 under moderate and high representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), respectively. This could largely offset the regional carbon sink and even potentially turn the region into a net carbon source. Our findings also highlight the importance of deep permafrost thawing that is generally ignored in current Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dawen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- *Corresponding author. (D.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- *Corresponding author. (D.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Urban Study, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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In 't Zandt MH, Liebner S, Welte CU. Roles of Thermokarst Lakes in a Warming World. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:769-779. [PMID: 32362540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Permafrost covers a quarter of the northern hemisphere land surface and contains twice the amount of carbon that is currently present in the atmosphere. Future climate change is expected to reduce its near-surface cover by over 90% by the end of the 21st century, leading to thermokarst lake formation. Thermokarst lakes are point sources of carbon dioxide and methane which release long-term carbon stocks into the atmosphere, thereby initiating a positive climate feedback potentially contributing up to a 0.39°C rise of surface air temperatures by 2300. This review describes the potential role of thermokarst lakes in a warming world and the microbial mechanisms that underlie their contributions to the global greenhouse gas budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel H In 't Zandt
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Netherlands Earth System Science Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Liebner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.7 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia U Welte
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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42
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Liu Z, Kimball JS, Parazoo NC, Ballantyne AP, Wang WJ, Madani N, Pan CG, Watts JD, Reichle RH, Sonnentag O, Marsh P, Hurkuck M, Helbig M, Quinton WL, Zona D, Ueyama M, Kobayashi H, Euskirchen ES. Increased high-latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:682-696. [PMID: 31596019 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arctic and boreal ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) budget, and whether they act as a future net C sink or source depends on climate and environmental change. Here, we used complementary in situ measurements, model simulations, and satellite observations to investigate the net carbon dioxide (CO2 ) seasonal cycle and its climatic and environmental controls across Alaska and northwestern Canada during the anomalously warm winter to spring conditions of 2015 and 2016 (relative to 2010-2014). In the warm spring, we found that photosynthesis was enhanced more than respiration, leading to greater CO2 uptake. However, photosynthetic enhancement from spring warming was partially offset by greater ecosystem respiration during the preceding anomalously warm winter, resulting in nearly neutral effects on the annual net CO2 balance. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements showed that air temperature has a primary influence on net CO2 exchange in winter and spring, while soil moisture has a primary control on net CO2 exchange in the fall. The net CO2 exchange was generally more moisture limited in the boreal region than in the Arctic tundra. Our analysis indicates complex seasonal interactions of underlying C cycle processes in response to changing climate and hydrology that may not manifest in changes in net annual CO2 exchange. Therefore, a better understanding of the seasonal response of C cycle processes may provide important insights for predicting future carbon-climate feedbacks and their consequences on atmospheric CO2 dynamics in the northern high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Nicholas C Parazoo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ashley P Ballantyne
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Wen J Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Caleb G Pan
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de géographie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip Marsh
- Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam Hurkuck
- Département de géographie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Helbig
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William L Quinton
- Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Donatella Zona
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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A Complex Interplay between Nitric Oxide, Quorum Sensing, and the Unique Secondary Metabolite Tundrenone Constitutes the Hypoxia Response in Methylobacter. mSystems 2020; 5:5/1/e00770-19. [PMID: 31964770 PMCID: PMC6977074 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00770-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel and complex hypoxia response system in a methanotrophic bacterium that involves modules of central carbon metabolism, denitrification, quorum sensing, and a secondary metabolite, tundrenone. This intricate stress response system, so far unique to Methylobacter species, may be responsible for the persistence and activity of these species across gradients of dioxygen tensions and for the cosmopolitan distribution of these organisms in freshwater and soil environments in the Northern Hemisphere, including the fast-melting permafrosts. Methylobacter species, members of the Methylococcales, have recently emerged as some of the globally widespread, cosmopolitan species that play a key role in the environmental consumption of methane across gradients of dioxygen tensions. In this work, we approached the question of how Methylobacter copes with hypoxia, via laboratory manipulation. Through comparative transcriptomics of cultures grown under high dioxygen partial pressure versus cultures exposed to hypoxia, we identified a gene cluster encoding a hybrid cluster protein along with sensing and regulatory functions. Through mutant analysis, we demonstrated that this gene cluster is involved in the hypoxia stress response. Through additional transcriptomic analyses, we uncovered a complex interconnection between the NO-mediated stress response, quorum sensing, the secondary metabolite tundrenone, and methanol dehydrogenase functions. This novel and complex hypoxia stress response system is so far unique to Methylobacter species, and it may play a role in the environmental fitness of these organisms and in their cosmopolitan environmental distribution. IMPORTANCE Here, we describe a novel and complex hypoxia response system in a methanotrophic bacterium that involves modules of central carbon metabolism, denitrification, quorum sensing, and a secondary metabolite, tundrenone. This intricate stress response system, so far unique to Methylobacter species, may be responsible for the persistence and activity of these species across gradients of dioxygen tensions and for the cosmopolitan distribution of these organisms in freshwater and soil environments in the Northern Hemisphere, including the fast-melting permafrosts.
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Jones BM, Arp CD, Grosse G, Nitze I, Lara MJ, Whitman MS, Farquharson LM, Kanevskiy M, Parsekian AD, Breen AL, Ohara N, Rangel RC, Hinkel KM. Identifying historical and future potential lake drainage events on the western Arctic coastal plain of Alaska. PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES 2020; 31:110-127. [PMID: 32194312 PMCID: PMC7074070 DOI: 10.1002/ppp.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arctic lakes located in permafrost regions are susceptible to catastrophic drainage. In this study, we reconstructed historical lake drainage events on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska between 1955 and 2017 using USGS topographic maps, historical aerial photography (1955), and Landsat Imagery (ca. 1975, ca. 2000, and annually since 2000). We identified 98 lakes larger than 10 ha that partially (>25% of area) or completely drained during the 62-year period. Decadal-scale lake drainage rates progressively declined from 2.0 lakes/yr (1955-1975), to 1.6 lakes/yr (1975-2000), and to 1.2 lakes/yr (2000-2017) in the ~30,000-km2 study area. Detailed Landsat trend analysis between 2000 and 2017 identified two years, 2004 and 2006, with a cluster (five or more) of lake drainages probably associated with bank overtopping or headward erosion. To identify future potential lake drainages, we combined the historical lake drainage observations with a geospatial dataset describing lake elevation, hydrologic connectivity, and adjacent lake margin topographic gradients developed with a 5-m-resolution digital surface model. We identified ~1900 lakes likely to be prone to drainage in the future. Of the 20 lakes that drained in the most recent study period, 85% were identified in this future lake drainage potential dataset. Our assessment of historical lake drainage magnitude, mechanisms and pathways, and identification of potential future lake drainages provides insights into how arctic lowland landscapes may change and evolve in the coming decades to centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Jones
- Water and Environmental Research CenterUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska
| | - Christopher D. Arp
- Water and Environmental Research CenterUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska
| | - Guido Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
| | - Ingmar Nitze
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdamGermany
| | - Mark J. Lara
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
- Department of GeographyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
| | | | | | - Mikhail Kanevskiy
- Institute of Northern EngineeringUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska
| | - Andrew D. Parsekian
- Department of Geology & GeophysicsUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyoming
- Department of Civil & Architectural EngineeringUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyoming
| | - Amy L. Breen
- International Arctic Research CenterUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska
| | - Nori Ohara
- Department of Civil & Architectural EngineeringUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyoming
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Zhang Q, Yang G, Song Y, Kou D, Wang G, Zhang D, Qin S, Mao C, Feng X, Yang Y. Magnitude and Drivers of Potential Methane Oxidation and Production across the Tibetan Alpine Permafrost Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14243-14252. [PMID: 31718180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) dynamics across permafrost regions is critical in determining the magnitude and direction of permafrost carbon (C)-climate feedback. However, current studies are mainly derived from the Arctic area, with limited evidence from other permafrost regions. By combining large-scale laboratory incubation across 51 sampling sites with machine learning techniques and bootstrap analysis, here, we determined regional patterns and dominant drivers of CH4 oxidation potential in alpine steppe and meadow (CH4 sink areas) and CH4 production potential in swamp meadow (CH4 source areas) across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region. Our results showed that both CH4 oxidation potential (in alpine steppe and meadow) and CH4 production potential (in swamp meadow) exhibited large variability across various sampling sites, with the median value being 8.7, 9.6, and 11.5 ng g-1 dry soil h-1, respectively. Our results also revealed that methanotroph abundance and soil moisture were two dominant factors regulating CH4 oxidation potential, whereas CH4 production potential was mainly affected by methanogen abundance and the soil organic carbon content, with functional gene abundance acting as the best explaining variable. These results highlight the crucial role of microbes in regulating CH4 dynamics, which should be considered when predicting the permafrost C cycle under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yutong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xuehui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Cooling down the world oceans and the earth by enhancing the North Atlantic Ocean current. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe world is going through intensive changes due to global warming. It is well known that the reduction in ice cover in the Arctic Ocean further contributes to increasing the atmospheric Arctic temperature due to the reduction of the albedo effect and increase in heat absorbed by the ocean’s surface. The Arctic ice cover also works like an insulation sheet, keeping the heat in the ocean from dissipating into the cold Arctic atmosphere. Increasing the salinity of the Arctic Ocean surface would allow the warmer and less salty North Atlantic Ocean current to flow on the surface of the Arctic Ocean considerably increasing the temperature of the Arctic atmosphere and release the ocean heat trapped under the ice. This paper argues that if the North Atlantic Ocean current could maintain the Arctic Ocean ice-free during the winter, the longwave radiation heat loss into space would be larger than the increase in heat absorption due to the albedo effect. This paper presents details of the fundamentals of the Arctic Ocean circulation and presents three possible approaches for increasing the salinity of the surface water of the Arctic Ocean. It then discusses that increasing the salinity of the Arctic Ocean would warm the atmosphere of the Arctic region, but cool down the oceans and possibly the Earth. However, it might take thousands of years for the effects of cooling the oceans to cool the global average atmospheric temperature.
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Heslop JK, Walter Anthony KM, Grosse G, Liebner S, Winkel M. Century-scale time since permafrost thaw affects temperature sensitivity of net methane production in thermokarst-lake and talik sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:124-134. [PMID: 31319250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost thaw subjects previously frozen soil organic carbon (SOC) to microbial degradation to the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Emission of these gases constitutes a positive feedback to climate warming. Among numerous uncertainties in estimating the strength of this permafrost carbon feedback (PCF), two are: (i) how mineralization of permafrost SOC thawed in saturated anaerobic conditions responds to changes in temperature and (ii) how microbial communities and temperature sensitivities change over time since thaw. To address these uncertainties, we utilized a thermokarst-lake sediment core as a natural chronosequence where SOC thawed and incubated in situ under saturated anaerobic conditions for up to 400 years following permafrost thaw. Initial microbial communities were characterized, and sediments were anaerobically incubated in the lab at four temperatures (0 °C, 3 °C, 10 °C, and 25 °C) bracketing those observed in the lake's talik. Net CH4 production in freshly-thawed sediments near the downward-expanding thaw boundary at the base of the talik were most sensitive to warming at the lower incubation temperatures (0 °C to 3 °C), while the overlying sediments which had been thawed for centuries had initial low abundant methanogenic communities (< 0.02%) and did not experience statistically significant increases in net CH4 production potentials until higher incubation temperatures (10 °C to 25 °C). We propose these observed differences in temperature sensitivities are due to differences in SOM quality and functional microbial community composition that evolve over time; however further research is necessary to better constrain the roles of these factors in determining temperature controls on anaerobic C mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Heslop
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA.
| | - K M Walter Anthony
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA
| | - G Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Liebner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.7 Geomicrobiology, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Germany
| | - M Winkel
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.7 Geomicrobiology, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Natali SM, Watts JD, Rogers BM, Potter S, Ludwig SM, Selbmann AK, Sullivan PF, Abbott BW, Arndt KA, Birch L, Björkman MP, Bloom AA, Celis G, Christensen TR, Christiansen CT, Commane R, Cooper EJ, Crill P, Czimczik C, Davydov S, Du J, Egan JE, Elberling B, Euskirchen ES, Friborg T, Genet H, Göckede M, Goodrich JP, Grogan P, Helbig M, Jafarov EE, Jastrow JD, Kalhori AAM, Kim Y, Kimball J, Kutzbach L, Lara MJ, Larsen KS, Lee BY, Liu Z, Loranty MM, Lund M, Lupascu M, Madani N, Malhotra A, Matamala R, McFarland J, McGuire AD, Michelsen A, Minions C, Oechel WC, Olefeldt D, Parmentier FJW, Pirk N, Poulter B, Quinton W, Rezanezhad F, Risk D, Sachs T, Schaefer K, Schmidt NM, Schuur EA, Semenchuk PR, Shaver G, Sonnentag O, Starr G, Treat CC, Waldrop MP, Wang Y, Welker J, Wille C, Xu X, Zhang Z, Zhuang Q, Zona D. Large loss of CO 2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2019; 9:852-857. [PMID: 35069807 PMCID: PMC8781060 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1-3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is highly uncertain and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or by empirically-based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1662 Tg C yr-1 from the permafrost region during the winter season (October through April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1032 Tg C yr-1). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions in 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-RCP 8.5. Our results provide a new baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan. M. Natali
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
- Correspondence to:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508. USA
| | - Benjamin W. Abbott
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Kyle A. Arndt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 460, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A. Anthony Bloom
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Gerardo Celis
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Roisin Commane
- Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT. The Arctic University of Norway, N9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patrick Crill
- Dept. of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Claudia Czimczik
- Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sergey Davydov
- Northeast Science Station, Pacific Geographical Institute, Cherskii, Russia
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jocelyn E. Egan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugenie S. Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Thomas Friborg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hélène Genet
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | - Jordan P. Goodrich
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Helbig
- McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, 520 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8
| | - Elchin E. Jafarov
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Julie D. Jastrow
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Aram A. M. Kalhori
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Yongwon Kim
- International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - John Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lars Kutzbach
- Institute of Soil Science, Universät Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark J. Lara
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Klaus S. Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bang-Yong Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea)
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Magnus Lund
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Roser Matamala
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jack McFarland
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. David McGuire
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | | | - Walter C. Oechel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David Olefeldt
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frans-Jan W. Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pirk
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA GSFC, Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | | | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Risk
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kevin Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Edward A.G. Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Philipp R. Semenchuk
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaius Shaver
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, 520 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8
| | - Gregory Starr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Claire C. Treat
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jeffrey Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland and UArctic
| | - Christian Wille
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Vigneron A, Cruaud P, Bhiry N, Lovejoy C, Vincent WF. Microbial Community Structure and Methane Cycling Potential along a Thermokarst Pond-Peatland Continuum. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110486. [PMID: 31652931 PMCID: PMC6920961 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thawing of ice-rich permafrost soils in northern peatlands leads to the formation of thermokarst ponds, surrounded by organic-rich soils. These aquatic ecosystems are sites of intense microbial activity, and CO2 and CH4 emissions. Many of the pond systems in northern landscapes and their surrounding peatlands are hydrologically contiguous, but little is known about the microbial connectivity of concentric habitats around the thermokarst ponds, or the effects of peat accumulation and infilling on the microbial communities. Here we investigated microbial community structure and abundance in a thermokarst pond-peatland system in subarctic Canada. Several lineages were ubiquitous, supporting a prokaryotic continuum from the thermokarst pond to surrounding peatlands. However, the microbial community structure shifted from typical aerobic freshwater microorganisms (Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria) in the pond towards acidophilic and anaerobic lineages (Acidobacteria and Choroflexi) in the connected peatland waters, likely selected by the acidification of the water by Sphagnum mosses. Marked changes in abundance and community composition of methane cycling microorganisms were detected along the thermokarst pond-peatland transects, suggesting fine tuning of C-1 carbon cycling within a highly connected system, and warranting the need for higher spatial resolution across the thermokarst landscape to accurately predict net greenhouse gas emissions from northern peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Vigneron
- Centre d'études Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Perrine Cruaud
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Najat Bhiry
- Centre d'études Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Connie Lovejoy
- Centre d'études Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Warwick F Vincent
- Centre d'études Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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50
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Ye L, Deng Y, Wang L, Xie H, Su F. Bismuth-Based Photocatalysts for Solar Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Conversion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3671-3701. [PMID: 31107595 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into solar fuels is an effective means for simultaneously solving both the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. In the past ten years, bismuth-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation have experienced a golden period of development. However, solar photocatalytic CO2 conversion has only been developed over the past five years and, until now, no reviews have been published on bismuth-based photocatalysts for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 . For the first time, solar photocatalytic CO2 conversion systems are reviewed herein. Synthetic methods and photocatalytic CO2 performances of bismuth-based photocatalysts, including Sillén-structured BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I); Aurivillius-structured Bi2 MO6 (M=Mo, W); and Scheelite-structured BiVO4 , Bi2 S3 , BiYO3 , and BiOIO3 , are summarized. In addition, activity-enhancing strategies for this photocatalyst family, including oxygen vacancies, bismuth-rich strategy, facet control, conventional type II heterojunction, Z-scheme heterojunction, and cocatalyst deposition, are reviewed. Finally, the main mechanistic research methods, such as in situ FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, are presented. Challenges and research trends reported in studies of bismuth-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 conversion are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ye
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Haiquan Xie
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Fengyun Su
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
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