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Ju H, Cheng L, Li M, Mei K, He S, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Electrical Profiling of Peptides and Proteins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401877. [PMID: 38639403 PMCID: PMC11267281 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the application of single-molecule electrical analysis platforms in studying proteins and peptides. These advanced analysis methods have the potential for deep investigation of enzymatic working mechanisms and accurate monitoring of dynamic changes in protein configurations, which are often challenging to achieve in ensemble measurements. In this work, the prominent research progress in peptide and protein-related studies are surveyed using electronic devices with single-molecule/single-event sensitivity, including single-molecule junctions, single-molecule field-effect transistors, and nanopores. In particular, the successful commercial application of nanopores in DNA sequencing has made it one of the most promising techniques in protein sequencing at the single-molecule level. From single peptides to protein complexes, the correlation between their electrical characteristics, structures, and biological functions is gradually being established. This enables to distinguish different molecular configurations of these biomacromolecules through real-time electrical monitoring of their life activities, significantly improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying various life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Suhang He
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
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2
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Pankratov D, Hidalgo Martinez S, Karman C, Gerzhik A, Gomila G, Trashin S, Boschker HTS, Geelhoed JS, Mayer D, De Wael K, J R Meysman F. The organo-metal-like nature of long-range conduction in cable bacteria. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108675. [PMID: 38422765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cable bacteria are filamentous, multicellular microorganisms that display an exceptional form of biological electron transport across centimeter-scale distances. Currents are guided through a network of nickel-containing protein fibers within the cell envelope. Still, the mechanism of long-range conduction remains unresolved. Here, we characterize the conductance of the fiber network under dry and wet, physiologically relevant, conditions. Our data reveal that the fiber conductivity is high (median value: 27 S cm-1; range: 2 to 564 S cm-1), does not show any redox signature, has a low thermal activation energy (Ea = 69 ± 23 meV), and is not affected by humidity or the presence of ions. These features set the nickel-based conduction mechanism in cable bacteria apart from other known forms of biological electron transport. As such, conduction resembles that of an organic semi-metal with a high charge carrier density. Our observation that biochemistry can synthesize an organo-metal-like structure opens the way for novel bio-based electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Pankratov
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Silvia Hidalgo Martinez
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cheryl Karman
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Anastasia Gerzhik
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Nanoscale Bioelectric Characterization Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine S Geelhoed
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Filip J R Meysman
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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3
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López-Ortiz M, Zamora RA, Giannotti MI, Gorostiza P. The Protein Matrix of Plastocyanin Supports Long-Distance Charge Transport with Photosystem I and the Copper Ion Regulates Its Spatial Span and Conductance. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20334-20344. [PMID: 37797170 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge exchange is the fundamental process that sustains cellular respiration and photosynthesis by shuttling electrons in a cascade of electron transfer (ET) steps between redox cofactors. While intraprotein charge exchange is well characterized in protein complexes bearing multiple redox sites, interprotein processes are less understood due to the lack of suitable experimental approaches and the dynamic nature of the interactions. Proteins constrained between electrodes are known to support electron transport (ETp) through the protein matrix even without redox cofactors, as the charges housed by the redox sites in ET are furnished by the electrodes. However, it is unknown whether protein ETp mechanisms apply to the interprotein medium present under physiological conditions. We study interprotein charge exchange between plant photosystem I (PSI) and its soluble redox partner plastocyanin (Pc) and address the role of the Pc copper center. Using electrochemical scanning tunneling spectroscopy (ECSTS) current-distance and blinking measurements, we quantify the spatial span of charge exchange between individual Pc/PSI pairs and ETp through transient Pc/PSI complexes. Pc devoid of the redox center (Pcapo) can exchange charge with PSI at longer distances than with the copper ion (Pcholo). Conductance bursts associated with Pcapo/PSI complex formation are higher than in Pcholo/PSI. Thus, copper ions are not required for long-distance Pc/PSI ETp but regulate its spatial span and conductance. Our results suggest that the redox center that carries the charge in Pc is not necessary to exchange it in interprotein ET through the aqueous solution and question the canonical view of tight complex binding between redox protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel López-Ortiz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ricardo A Zamora
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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4
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Afsari S, Mukherjee S, Halloran N, Ghirlanda G, Ryan E, Wang X, Lindsay S. Heavy Water Reduces the Electronic Conductance of Protein Wires via Deuteron Interactions with Aromatic Residues. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8907-8913. [PMID: 37772726 PMCID: PMC11177565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are versatile, self-assembling nanoelectronic components, but their hopping conductivity is expected to be influenced by solvent fluctuations. The role of the solvent was investigated by measuring the single molecule conductance of several proteins in both H2O and D2O. The conductance of a homologous series of protein wires decreases more rapidly with length in D2O, indicating a 6-fold decrease in carrier diffusion constant relative to the same protein in H2O. The effect was found to depend on the specific aromatic amino acid composition. A tryptophan zipper protein showed a decrease in conductance similar to that of the protein wires, whereas a phenylalanine zipper protein was insensitive to solvent changes. Tryptophan contains an indole amine, whereas the phenylalanine aromatic ring has no exchangeable protons, so the effect of heavy water on conductance is a consequence of specific D- or H-interactions with the aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Afsari
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Sohini Mukherjee
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Nicholas Halloran
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | | | - Eathen Ryan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Stuart Lindsay
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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5
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Jiang T, Zeng BF, Zhang B, Tang L. Single-molecular protein-based bioelectronics via electronic transport: fundamentals, devices and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5968-6002. [PMID: 37498342 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular electronics is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that combines biology, nanoscience, and engineering to bridge the two important fields of life sciences and molecular electronics. Proteins are remarkable for their ability to recognize molecules and transport electrons, making the integration of proteins into electronic devices a long sought-after goal and leading to the emergence of the field of protein-based bioelectronics, also known as proteotronics. This field seeks to design and create new biomolecular electronic platforms that allow for the understanding and manipulation of protein-mediated electronic charge transport and related functional applications. In recent decades, there have been numerous reports on protein-based bioelectronics using a variety of nano-gapped electrical devices and techniques at the single molecular level, which are not achievable with conventional ensemble approaches. This review focuses on recent advances in physical electron transport mechanisms, device fabrication methodologies, and various applications in protein-based bioelectronics. We discuss the most recent progress of the single or few protein-bridged electrical junction fabrication strategies, summarise the work on fundamental and functional applications of protein bioelectronics that enable high and dynamic electron transport, and highlight future perspectives and challenges that still need to be addressed. We believe that this specific review will stimulate the interdisciplinary research of topics related to protein-related bioelectronics, and open up new possibilities for single-molecule biophysics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Bintian Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Longhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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6
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Selvarajan S, Shim H, Byun E, Kim A, Song SH. Protein redox by a piezoelectric acousto-nanodevice. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12889-12893. [PMID: 37477602 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein redox is responsible for many crucial biological processes; thus, the ability to modulate the redox proteins through external stimuli presents a unique opportunity to tune the system. In this work, we present an acousto-nanodevice that is capable of oxidizing redox protein under ultrasonic irradiation via surface-engineered barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles with a gold half-coating. Using cytochrome c as the model protein, we demonstrate nanodevice-mediated protein oxidation. BINased on our experimental observations, we reveal that the electron transfer occurs in one direction due to the alternating electrical polarization of BTO under ultrasound. Such unique unidirectional electron transfer is enabled by modulating the work function of the gold surface with respect to the redox center. The new class of ultrasonically powered nano-sized protein redox agents could be a modulator for biological processes with high selectivity and deeper treatment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Selvarajan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
| | - Hyunji Shim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjeong Byun
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Albert Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
| | - Seung Hyun Song
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lagunas A, Belloir C, Briand L, Gorostiza P, Samitier J. Determination of the nanoscale electrical properties of olfactory receptor hOR1A1 and their dependence on ligand binding: Towards the development of capacitance-operated odorant biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114755. [PMID: 36191583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transduction of odorant binding into cellular signaling by olfactory receptors (ORs) is not understood and knowing its mechanism would enable developing new pharmacology and biohybrid electronic detectors of volatile organic compounds bearing high sensitivity and selectivity. The electrical characterization of ORs in bulk experiments is subject to microscopic models and assumptions. We have directly determined the nanoscale electrical properties of ORs immobilized in a fixed orientation, and their change upon odorant binding, using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) in near-physiological conditions. Recordings of current versus time, distance, and electrochemical potential allows determining the OR impedance parameters and their dependence with odorant binding. Our results allow validating OR structural-electrostatic models and their functional activation processes, and anticipating a novel macroscopic biosensor based on ORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lagunas
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, c/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Christine Belloir
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Loïc Briand
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, c/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, c/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), c/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Phosphorylation disrupts long-distance electron transport in cytochrome c. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7100. [PMID: 36402842 PMCID: PMC9675734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently shown that electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and the cytochrome c1 subunit of the cytochrome bc1 can proceed at long-distance through the aqueous solution. Cytochrome c is thought to adjust its activity by changing the affinity for its partners via Tyr48 phosphorylation, but it is unknown how it impacts the nanoscopic environment, interaction forces, and long-range electron transfer. Here, we constrain the orientation and separation between cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c or the phosphomimetic Y48pCMF cytochrome c, and deploy an array of single-molecule, bulk, and computational methods to investigate the molecular mechanism of electron transfer regulation by cytochrome c phosphorylation. We demonstrate that phosphorylation impairs long-range electron transfer, shortens the long-distance charge conduit between the partners, strengthens their interaction, and departs it from equilibrium. These results unveil a nanoscopic view of the interaction between redox protein partners in electron transport chains and its mechanisms of regulation.
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Zamora RA, López-Ortiz M, Sales-Mateo M, Hu C, Croce R, Maniyara RA, Pruneri V, Giannotti MI, Gorostiza P. Light- and Redox-Dependent Force Spectroscopy Reveals that the Interaction between Plastocyanin and Plant Photosystem I Is Favored when One Partner Is Ready for Electron Transfer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15155-15164. [PMID: 36067071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that converts photons into chemical energy, driven by large protein complexes at the thylakoid membranes of plants, cyanobacteria, and algae. In plants, water-soluble plastocyanin (Pc) is responsible for shuttling electrons between cytochrome b6f complex and the photosystem I (PSI) complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC). For an efficient turnover, a transient complex must form between PSI and Pc in the PETC, which implies a balance between specificity and binding strength. Here, we studied the binding frequency and the unbinding force between suitably oriented plant PSI and Pc under redox control using single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). The binding frequency (observation of binding-unbinding events) between PSI and Pc depends on their respective redox states. The interaction between PSI and Pc is independent of the redox state of PSI when Pc is reduced, and it is disfavored in the dark (reduced P700) when Pc is oxidized. The frequency of interaction between PSI and Pc is higher when at least one of the partners is in a redox state ready for electron transfer (ET), and the post-ET situation (PSIRed-PcOx) leads to lower binding. In addition, we show that the binding of ET-ready PcRed to PSI can be regulated externally by Mg2+ ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Zamora
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Ortiz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sales-Mateo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis. Dep. Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis. Dep. Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinu Abraham Maniyara
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels 08860, Spain
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels 08860, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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10
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López-Ortiz M, Zamora RA, Giannotti MI, Hu C, Croce R, Gorostiza P. Distance and Potential Dependence of Charge Transport Through the Reaction Center of Individual Photosynthetic Complexes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104366. [PMID: 34874621 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge separation and transport through the reaction center of photosystem I (PSI) is an essential part of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. A strategy is developed to immobilize and orient PSI complexes on gold electrodes allowing to probe the complex's electron acceptor side, the chlorophyll special pair P700. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) imaging and current-distance spectroscopy of single protein complex shows lateral size in agreement with its known dimensions, and a PSI apparent height that depends on the probe potential revealing a gating effect in protein conductance. In current-distance spectroscopy, it is observed that the distance-decay constant of the current between PSI and the ECSTM probe depends on the sample and probe electrode potentials. The longest charge exchange distance (lowest distance-decay constant β) is observed at sample potential 0 mV/SSC (SSC: reference electrode silver/silver chloride) and probe potential 400 mV/SSC. These potentials correspond to hole injection into an electronic state that is available in the absence of illumination. It is proposed that a pair of tryptophan residues located at the interface between P700 and the solution and known to support the hydrophobic recognition of the PSI redox partner plastocyanin, may have an additional role as hole exchange mediator in charge transport through PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel López-Ortiz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ricardo A Zamora
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Inés Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Chen Hu
- Biophysics of PhotosynthesisDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of PhotosynthesisDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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11
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Zhang B, Ryan E, Wang X, Song W, Lindsay S. Electronic Transport in Molecular Wires of Precisely Controlled Length Built from Modular Proteins. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1671-1680. [PMID: 35029115 PMCID: PMC9279515 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA molecular wires have been studied extensively because of the ease with which molecules of controlled length and composition can be synthesized. The same has not been true for proteins. Here, we have synthesized and studied a series of consensus tetratricopeptide repeat (CTPR) proteins, spanning 4 to 20 nm in length, in increments of 4 nm. For lengths in excess of 6 nm, their conductance exceeds that of the canonical molecular wire, oligo(phenylene-ethylenene), because of the more gradual decay of conductance with length in the protein. We show that, while the conductance decay fits an exponential (characteristic of quantum tunneling) and not a linear increase of resistance with length (characteristic of hopping transport), it is also accounted for by a square-law dependence on length (characteristic of weakly driven hopping). Measurements of the energy dependence of the decay length rule out the quantum tunneling case. A resonance in the carrier injection energy shows that allowed states in the protein align with the Fermi energy of the electrodes. Both the energy of these states and the long-range of hopping suggest that the reorganization induced by hole formation is greatly reduced inside the protein. We outline a model for calculating the molecular-electronic properties of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintian Zhang
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Eathen Ryan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Weisi Song
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Stuart Lindsay
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- Corresponding Author: Stuart Lindsay: Phone 480 205 6432
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12
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Pérez-Mejías G, Díaz-Quintana A, Guerra-Castellano A, Díaz-Moreno I, De la Rosa MA. Novel insights into the mechanism of electron transfer in mitochondrial cytochrome c. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Babcock N, Kattnig DR. Radical Scavenging Could Answer the Challenge Posed by Electron-Electron Dipolar Interactions in the Cryptochrome Compass Model. JACS AU 2021; 1:2033-2046. [PMID: 34841416 PMCID: PMC8611662 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many birds are endowed with a visual magnetic sense that may exploit magnetosensitive radical recombination processes in the protein cryptochrome. In this widely accepted but unproven model, geomagnetic sensitivity is suggested to arise from variations in the recombination rate of a pair of radicals, whose unpaired electron spins undergo coherent singlet-triplet interconversion in the geomagnetic field by coupling to nuclear spins via hyperfine interactions. However, simulations of this conventional radical pair mechanism (RPM) predicted only tiny magnetosensitivities for realistic conditions because the RPM's directional sensitivity is strongly suppressed by the intrinsic electron-electron dipolar (EED) interactions, casting doubt on its viability as a magnetic sensor. We show how this RPM-suppression problem is overcome in a three-radical system in which a third "scavenger" radical reacts with one member of the primary pair. We use this finding to predict substantial magnetic field effects that exceed those of the RPM in the presence of EED interactions in animal cryptochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
Sean Babcock
- Quantum
Biology Laboratory, Howard University, 2400 Sixth Street NW, Washington District of Columbia, 20059, United States of America
- Living
Systems Institute and Department of Physics University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Kattnig
- Living
Systems Institute and Department of Physics University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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14
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Pattiya Arachchillage KGG, Chandra S, Piso A, Qattan T, Artes Vivancos JM. RNA BioMolecular Electronics: towards new tools for biophysics and biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6994-7006. [PMID: 34494636 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The last half-century has witnessed the birth and development of a new multidisciplinary field at the edge between materials science, nanoscience, engineering, and chemistry known as Molecular Electronics. This field deals with the electronic properties of individual molecules and their integration as active components in electronic circuits and has also been applied to biomolecules, leading to BioMolecular Electronics and opening new perspectives for single-molecule biophysics and biomedicine. Herein, we provide a brief introduction and overview of the BioMolecular electronics field, focusing on nucleic acids and potential applications for these measurements. In particular, we review the recent demonstration of the first single-molecule electrical detection of a biologically-relevant nucleic acid. We also show how this could be used to study biomolecular interactions and applications in liquid biopsy for early cancer detection, among others. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and challenges in the applications of this fascinating research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subrata Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA.
| | - Angela Piso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA.
| | - Tiba Qattan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA.
| | - Juan M Artes Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA.
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15
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D'Ugo E, Bertuccini L, Spadaro F, Giuseppetti R, Iosi F, Santavenere F, Giuliani F, Gricia M, Rodomonte A, Lovecchio N, Mukherjee A, Bucci P, Bruno M, Stellacci E, Bernardo A, Magurano F. Electrogenic and hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm at the oil-water interface as microbial responses to oil spill. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 197:117092. [PMID: 33831774 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oil-water interface formed during an oil spill represents a challenging environment for pelagic communities living in aquatic ecosystems. At this anoxic barrier, we report the formation of a microbial hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm capable of electron transfer along the water column. This biofilm generated a membrane of surface-active compounds that allowed the spontaneous separation of electrical charges, causing the establishment of an anodic and a cathodic region and, as a result, the spontaneous creation of a liquid microbial fuel cell. Such floating biofilm was connected to the water column underneath by floating filaments that could contribute to oxygen reduction at distance. The filaments revealed an unusual lipid content induced by anoxic conditions, with prominent ultrastructural features similar to myelin found in oligodendrocytes of the vertebrate nervous system. Furthermore, these filaments showed an interesting cross-reactivity towards different epitopes of the myelin basic protein (MBP) and Claudin 11 (O4) of human oligodendrocytes. The presence of a network of filaments similar to myelin suggests the probable existence of evolutionary connections between very distant organisms. Collectively these results suggest a possible mechanism for how lake microbial communities can adapt to oil spills while offering an interesting starting point for technological developments of liquid microbial fuel cells related to the study of hydrocarbon-water interfaces. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in figshare at https://figshare.com/s/72bc73ae14011dc7920d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio D'Ugo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Roberto Giuseppetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Iosi
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Santavenere
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Giuliani
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gricia
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Rodomonte
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arghya Mukherjee
- Centre for Genetic Engineering and the Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Paola Bucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Bruno
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Magurano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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16
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Jiang V, Khare SD, Banta S. Computational structure prediction provides a plausible mechanism for electron transfer by the outer membrane protein Cyc2 from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1640-1652. [PMID: 33969560 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyc2 is the key protein in the outer membrane of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans that mediates electron transfer between extracellular inorganic iron and the intracellular central metabolism. This cytochrome c is specific for iron and interacts with periplasmic proteins to complete a reversible electron transport chain. A structure of Cyc2 has not yet been characterized experimentally. Here we describe a structural model of Cyc2, and associated proteins, to highlight a plausible mechanism for the ferrous iron electron transfer chain. A comparative modeling protocol specific for trans membrane beta barrel (TMBB) proteins in acidophilic conditions (pH ~ 2) was applied to the primary sequence of Cyc2. The proposed structure has three main regimes: Extracellular loops exposed to low-pH conditions, a TMBB, and an N-terminal cytochrome-like region within the periplasmic space. The Cyc2 model was further refined by identifying likely iron and heme docking sites. This represents the first computational model of Cyc2 that accounts for the membrane microenvironment and the acidity in the extracellular matrix. This approach can be used to model other TMBBs which can be critical for chemolithotrophic microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sagar D Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Scott Banta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Freier R, Aragón E, Bagiński B, Pluta R, Martin-Malpartida P, Ruiz L, Condeminas M, Gonzalez C, Macias MJ. Structures of the germline-specific Deadhead and thioredoxin T proteins from Drosophila melanogaster reveal unique features among thioredoxins. IUCRJ 2021; 8:281-294. [PMID: 33708404 PMCID: PMC7924233 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous enzymes that regulate the redox state in cells. In Drosophila, there are two germline-specific Trxs, Deadhead (Dhd) and thioredoxin T (TrxT), that belong to the lethal(3)malignant brain tumor signature genes and to the 'survival network' of genes that mediate the cellular response to DNA damage. Dhd is a maternal protein required for early embryogenesis that promotes protamine-histone exchange in fertilized eggs and midblastula transition. TrxT is testis-specific and associates with the lampbrush loops of the Y chromosome. Here, the first structures of Dhd and TrxT are presented, unveiling new features of these two thioredoxins. Dhd has positively charged patches on its surface, in contrast to the negatively charged surfaces commonly found in most Trxs. This distinctive charge distribution helps to define initial encounter complexes with DNA/RNA that will lead to final specific interactions with cofactors to promote chromatin remodeling. TrxT contains a C-terminal extension, which is mostly unstructured and highly flexible, that wraps the conserved core through a closed conformation. It is believed that these new structures can guide future work aimed at understanding embryo development and redox homeostasis in Drosophila. Moreover, due to their restricted presence in Schizophora (a section of the true flies), these structures can help in the design of small-molecular binders to modulate native redox homeostasis, thereby providing new applications for the control of plagues that cause human diseases and/or bring about economic losses by damaging crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Freier
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Aragón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Błażej Bagiński
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Radoslaw Pluta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Martin-Malpartida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Condeminas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cayetano Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Direct Electrochemical Enzyme Electron Transfer on Electrodes Modified by Self-Assembled Molecular Monolayers. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) have long been recognized as crucial “bridges” between redox enzymes and solid electrode surfaces, on which the enzymes undergo direct electron transfer (DET)—for example, in enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) and biosensors. SAMs possess a wide range of terminal groups that enable productive enzyme adsorption and fine-tuning in favorable orientations on the electrode. The tunneling distance and SAM chain length, and the contacting terminal SAM groups, are the most significant controlling factors in DET-type bioelectrocatalysis. In particular, SAM-modified nanostructured electrode materials have recently been extensively explored to improve the catalytic activity and stability of redox proteins immobilized on electrochemical surfaces. In this report, we present an overview of recent investigations of electrochemical enzyme DET processes on SAMs with a focus on single-crystal and nanoporous gold electrodes. Specifically, we consider the preparation and characterization methods of SAMs, as well as SAM applications in promoting interfacial electrochemical electron transfer of redox proteins and enzymes. The strategic selection of SAMs to accord with the properties of the core redox protein/enzymes is also highlighted.
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19
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Guerra-Castellano A, Márquez I, Pérez-Mejías G, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Post-Translational Modifications of Cytochrome c in Cell Life and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8483. [PMID: 33187249 PMCID: PMC7697256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, whilst their malfunction is related to several human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer. In mitochondrial metabolism, cytochrome c is a small soluble heme protein that acts as an essential redox carrier in the respiratory electron transport chain. However, cytochrome c is likewise an essential protein in the cytoplasm acting as an activator of programmed cell death. Such a dual role of cytochrome c in cell life and death is indeed fine-regulated by a wide variety of protein post-translational modifications. In this work, we show how these modifications can alter cytochrome c structure and functionality, thus emerging as a control mechanism of cell metabolism but also as a key element in development and prevention of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (I.M.); (G.P.-M.); (A.D.-Q.); (M.A.D.l.R.)
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20
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Zhang B, Song W, Brown J, Nemanich R, Lindsay S. Electronic Conductance Resonance in Non-Redox-Active Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6432-6438. [PMID: 32176496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronics research has mainly focused on redox-active proteins because of their role in biological charge transport. In these proteins, electronic conductance is a maximum when electrons are injected at the known redox potential of the protein. It has been shown recently that many non-redox-active proteins are good electronic conductors, though the mechanism of conduction is not yet understood. Here, we report single-molecule measurements of the conductance of three non-redox-active proteins, maintained under potential control in solution, as a function of electron injection energy. All three proteins show a conductance resonance at a potential ∼0.7 V removed from the nearest oxidation potential of their constituent amino acids. If this shift reflects a reduction of reorganization energy in the interior of the protein, it would account for the long-range conductance observed when carriers are injected into the interior of a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintian Zhang
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Weisi Song
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Jesse Brown
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Robert Nemanich
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Stuart Lindsay
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States.,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
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21
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OPA1 regulates respiratory supercomplexes assembly: The role of mitochondrial swelling. Mitochondrion 2019; 51:30-39. [PMID: 31870826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Optic atrophy type 1 protein (OPA1), a dynamin-related GTPase, that, in addition to mitochondrial fusion, plays an important role in maintaining the structural organization and integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). OPA1 exists in two forms: IMM-bound long-OPA1 (L-OPA1) and soluble short-OPA1 (S-OPA1), a product of L-OPA1 proteolytic cleavage localized in the intermembrane space. In addition to OPA1, the structural and functional integrity of IMM can be regulated by changes in the matrix volume due to the opening/closure of permeability transition pores (PTP). Herein, we investigated the crosstalk between the PTP and OPA1 to clarify whether PTP opening is involved in OPA1-mediated regulation of respiratory chain supercomplexes (RCS) assembly using cardiac mitochondria and cell line. We found that: 1) Proteolytic cleavage of L-OPA1 is stimulated by PTP-induced mitochondrial swelling, 2) OPA1 knockdown reduces PTP-induced mitochondrial swelling but enhances ROS production, 3) OPA1 deficiency impairs the RCS assembly associated with diminished ETC activity and oxidative phosphorylation, 4) OPA1 has no physical interaction with phospholipid scramblase 3 although OPA1 downregulation increases expression of the scramblase. Thus, this study demonstrates that L-OPA1 cleavage depends on the PTP-induced mitochondrial swelling suggesting a regulatory role of the PTP-OPA1 axis in RCS assembly and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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22
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Binhi VN. Nonspecific magnetic biological effects: A model assuming the spin-orbit coupling. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:204101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. N. Binhi
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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23
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González‐Arzola K, Velázquez‐Cruz A, Guerra‐Castellano A, Casado‐Combreras MÁ, Pérez‐Mejías G, Díaz‐Quintana A, Díaz‐Moreno I, De la Rosa MÁ. New moonlighting functions of mitochondrial cytochromecin the cytoplasm and nucleus. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3101-3119. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González‐Arzola
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Alejandro Velázquez‐Cruz
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra‐Castellano
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Casado‐Combreras
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pérez‐Mejías
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz‐Quintana
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Irene Díaz‐Moreno
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
| | - Miguel Á. De la Rosa
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ) Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja) University of Seville‐CSIC Spain
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24
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López‐Martínez M, López‐Ortiz M, Antinori ME, Wientjes E, Nin‐Hill A, Rovira C, Croce R, Díez‐Pérez I, Gorostiza P. Electrochemically Gated Long‐Distance Charge Transport in Photosystem I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse López‐Martínez
- Department of Material Science and Physical ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona Martí i Franquès, 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
- Present address: Institut für Angewandte PhysikTU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Manuel López‐Ortiz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Elena Antinori
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Present address: Smart Materials, NanophysicsIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of BiophysicsWageningen University 6700 ET Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Alba Nin‐Hill
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB)University of Barcelona (UB) Martí i Franquès, 1 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB)University of Barcelona (UB) Martí i Franquès, 1 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis. Dep. Physics and AstronomyFaculty of SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1081 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of Material Science and Physical ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona Martí i Franquès, 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London London UK
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac 10–12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) 08010 Barcelona Spain
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25
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López-Martínez M, López-Ortiz M, Antinori ME, Wientjes E, Nin-Hill A, Rovira C, Croce R, Díez-Pérez I, Gorostiza P. Electrochemically Gated Long-Distance Charge Transport in Photosystem I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13280-13284. [PMID: 31310425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transport of electrons along photosynthetic and respiratory chains involves a series of enzymatic reactions that are coupled through redox mediators, including proteins and small molecules. The use of native and synthetic redox probes is key to understanding charge transport mechanisms and to the design of bioelectronic sensors and solar energy conversion devices. However, redox probes have limited tunability to exchange charge at the desired electrochemical potentials (energy levels) and at different protein sites. Herein, we take advantage of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) to control the Fermi level and nanometric position of the ECSTM probe in order to study electron transport in individual photosystem I (PSI) complexes. Current-distance measurements at different potentiostatic conditions indicate that PSI supports long-distance transport that is electrochemically gated near the redox potential of P700, with current extending farther under hole injection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse López-Martínez
- Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Present address: Institut für Angewandte Physik, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel López-Ortiz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Antinori
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Present address: Smart Materials, Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Nin-Hill
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis. Dep. Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The measured electronic properties of proteins are known to depend critically on contacts, although little is known at the single-molecule level. Here, we have measured the conductance of single-protein molecules in their natural aqueous environment, but in conditions where no ion current flows, finding large conductances (nanosiemens) over long paths (many nanometers) when the protein is tethered by chemical contacts formed by binding-specific ligands. This provides a method for forming reliable contacts to proteins, and for the specific detection of single molecules. Thus, single antibodies, such as anti-Ebola IgG, can be detected electrically when they bind a peptide epitope tethered to electrodes, with no background signal from molecules that do not bind specifically. Proteins are widely regarded as insulators, despite reports of electrical conductivity. Here we use measurements of single proteins between electrodes, in their natural aqueous environment to show that the factor controlling measured conductance is the nature of the electrical contact to the protein, and that specific ligands make highly selective electrical contacts. Using six proteins that lack known electrochemical activity, and measuring in a potential region where no ion current flows, we find characteristic peaks in the distributions of measured single-molecule conductances. These peaks depend on the contact chemistry, and hence, on the current path through the protein. In consequence, the measured conductance distribution is sensitive to changes in this path caused by ligand binding, as shown with streptavidin–biotin complexes. Measured conductances are on the order of nanosiemens over distances of many nanometers, orders of magnitude more than could be accounted for by electron tunneling. The current is dominated by contact resistance, so the conductance for a given path is independent of the distance between electrodes, as long as the contact points on the protein can span the gap between electrodes. While there is no currently known biological role for high electronic conductance, its dependence on specific contacts has important technological implications, because no current is observed at all without at least one strongly bonded contact, so direct electrical detection is a highly selective and label-free single-molecule detection method. We demonstrate single-molecule, highly specific, label- and background free-electronic detection of IgG antibodies to HIV and Ebola viruses.
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