1
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Cador A, Kahlal S, Richards GJ, Halet JF, Hill JP. Protic Processes in an Extended Pyrazinacene: The Case of Dihydrotetradecaazaheptacene. Molecules 2024; 29:2407. [PMID: 38792268 PMCID: PMC11124472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinacenes are linearly fused heteroaromatic rings, with N atoms replacing all apical CH moieties. Component rings may exist in a reduced state, having NH groups instead of N, causing cross-conjugation. These compounds have interesting optical and electronic properties, including strong fluorescence in the near-infrared region and photocatalytic properties, leading to diverse possible applications in bio-imaging and organic synthesis, as well as obvious molecular electronic uses. In this study, we investigated the behavior of seven-ring pyrazinacene 2,3,11,12-tetraphenyl-7,16-dihydro-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18-tetradecaazaheptacene (Ph4H2N14HEPT), with an emphasis on protic processes, including oxidation, tautomerism, deprotonation, and protonation, and the species resulting from those processes. We used computational methods to optimize the structures of the different species and generate/compare molecular orbital structures. The aromaticity of the species generated by the different processes was assessed using the nucleus-independent chemical shifts, and trends in the values were associated with the different transformations of the pyrazinacene core. The computational data were compared with experimental data obtained from synthetic samples of the molecule tBu8Ph4H2N14HEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aël Cador
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, CEA Saclay, DRF/IRAMIS/NIMBE/LSDRM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, F-35708 Rennes, France;
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, F-35708 Rennes, France;
| | - Gary J. Richards
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi 337-8570, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, F-35708 Rennes, France;
- CNRS–Saint-Gobain–NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Sun K, Kurki L, Silveira OJ, Nishiuchi T, Kubo T, Foster AS, Kawai S. On-Surface Synthesis of Silole and Disila-Cyclooctene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401027. [PMID: 38415373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of Si atoms into organic compounds significantly increases a variety of functionality, facilitating further applications. Recently, on-surface synthesis was introduced into organosilicon chemistry as 1,4-disilabenzene bridged nanostructures were obtained via coupling between silicon atoms and brominated phenyl groups at the ortho position on Au(111). Here, we demonstrate a high generality of this strategy via syntheses of silole derivatives and nanoribbon structures with eight-membered sila-cyclic rings from dibrominated molecules at the bay and peri positions on Au(111), respectively. Their structures and electronic properties were investigated by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This work demonstrates a great potential to deal with heavy group 14 elements in on-surface silicon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Lauri Kurki
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 11100, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Orlando J Silveira
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 11100, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 11100, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
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3
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Wang Y, Gong WW, Zhao Y, Xing GY, Kang LX, Sha F, Huang ZY, Liu JW, Han YJ, Li P, Li DY, Liu PN. Two-Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In-Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318142. [PMID: 38265124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Precisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π-electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two-dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in-situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides and Au adatom-directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy-derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
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4
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Chen C, Chang ZD, Guo YK, Huang YB, Wang XY. BN-Isosteres of Nonacene with Antiaromatic B 2 C 4 and N 2 C 4 Heterocycles: Synthesis and Strong Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316596. [PMID: 38216533 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Embedding both boron and nitrogen into the backbone of acenes to generate their isoelectronic structures has significantly enriched the acene chemistry to offer appealing properties. However, only small BN-heteroacenes have been extensively investigated, with BN-heptacenes as the hitherto longest homologue. Herein, we report the synthesis of three new nonacene BN-isosteres via incorporating a pair of antiaromatic B2 C4 and N2 C4 heterocycles, representing a new length record for BN-heteroacenes. The distance between the B2 C4 and N2 C4 rings affects the contribution of the charge-separated resonance forms, leading to tunable antiaromaticity of the two heterocycles. The adjusted local antiaromaticity manifests substantial influence on the molecular orbital arrangement, and consequently, the radiative transition rate of BN-3 is greatly enhanced compared with BN-1 and BN-2, realizing a high fluorescence quantum yield of 92 %. This work provides a novel design concept of large acene BN-isosteres and reveals the importance of BN/CC isosterism on their luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Kang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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5
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Wagner MS, Peisert H, Chassé T, Hemberger P, Bettinger HF. Gas Phase Ionization Energy of Heptacene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2332-2336. [PMID: 38386914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ionization energy is a fundamental property that is relevant to charge transport in organic semiconductors. We report adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of heptacene at 6.21 and 7.20 eV for the X̃+B2g and Ã+Au states, respectively, as the next larger member of the acene series using mass- and isomer-selective double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. The X̃+ state energy decreases monotonically with an increase in size within the homologous series of acenes and approaches an asymptotic limit [AIE(polyacene) = 5.94 ± 0.06 eV] based on a fit with an exponential decay function. As byproducts of heptacene formation from cycloreversion of diheptacenes, 5,18-, 7,16-, and 6,17-dihydroheptacene can be detected, and their AIE is similar to that of their largest acene subunit (anthracene and tetracene, respectively), in very good agreement with computational treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Zuzak R, Kumar M, Stoica O, Soler-Polo D, Brabec J, Pernal K, Veis L, Blieck R, Echavarren AM, Jelinek P, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis and Determination of the Open-Shell Singlet Ground State of Tridecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317091. [PMID: 38192200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The character of the electronic structure of acenes has been the subject of longstanding discussion. However, convincing experimental evidence of their open-shell character has so far been missing. Here, we present the on-surface synthesis of tridecacene molecules by thermal annealing of octahydrotridecacene on a Au(111) surface. We characterized the electronic structure of the tridecacene by scanning probe microscopy, which reveals the presence of an inelastic signal at 126 meV. We attribute the inelastic signal to spin excitation from the singlet diradical ground state to the triplet excited state. To rationalize the experimental findings, we carried out many-body ab initio calculations as well as model Hamiltonians to take into account the effect of the metallic substrate. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of how the dynamic electron correlation and virtual charge fluctuation between the molecule and metallic surface reduces the singlet-triplet band gap. Thus, this work provides the first experimental confirmation of the magnetic character of tridecacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Otilia Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Quımica Organica i Analıtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 219, 90924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Libor Veis
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Remi Blieck
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Quımica Organica i Analıtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30348, Krakow, Poland
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7
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Okba A, Simón Marqués P, Matsuo K, Aratani N, Yamada H, Rapenne G, Kammerer C. Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:287-305. [PMID: 38379731 PMCID: PMC10877077 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The "precursor approach" has proved particularly valuable for the preparation of insoluble and unstable π-conjugated polycyclic compounds (π-CPCs), which cannot be synthesized via in-solution organic chemistry, for their improved processing, as well as for their electronic investigation both at the material and single-molecule scales. This method relies on the synthesis and processing of soluble and stable direct precursors of the target π-CPCs, followed by their final conversion in situ, triggered by thermal activation, photoirradiation or redox control. Beside well-established reactions involving the elimination of carbon-based small molecules, i.e., retro-Diels-Alder and decarbonylation processes, the late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments has emerged as a highly promising synthetic tool to access a wider variety of π-conjugated polycyclic structures and thus to expand the potentialities of the "precursor approach" for further improvements of molecular materials' performances. This review gives an overview of synthetic strategies towards π-CPCs involving the ultimate elimination of chalcogen fragments upon thermal activation, photoirradiation and electron exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissam Okba
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Pablo Simón Marqués
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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8
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Ruan Z, Schramm J, Bauer JB, Naumann T, Bettinger HF, Tonner-Zech R, Gottfried JM. Synthesis of Tridecacene by Multistep Single-Molecule Manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3700-3709. [PMID: 38216144 PMCID: PMC10870776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Acenes represent a unique class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have fascinated chemists and physicists due to their exceptional potential for use in organic electronics. While recent advances in on-surface synthesis have resulted in higher acenes up to dodecacene, a comprehensive understanding of their fundamental properties necessitates their expansion toward even longer homologues. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of tridecacene via atom-manipulation-induced conformational preparation and dissociation of a trietheno-bridged precursor on a Au(111) surface. The generated tridecacene has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), combined with first-principles calculations. We observe that the STS transport gap (1.09 eV) shrinks again following the gap reopening of dodecacene (1.4 eV). Spin-polarized density functional theory calculations confirm an antiferromagnetic open-shell ground-state electronic configuration for tridecacene in the gas phase. Interestingly, tridecacene's open-shell character is significantly reduced upon interaction with the Au(111) surface despite being only physisorbed. The interaction with the surface leads to a lowering of the magnetization of tridecacene, a reduced gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), compared to the gas phase, and a reduced relative energy to the nonmagnetic state, making it nearly isoenergetic. These observations show qualitatively that the influence of the Au(111) substrate on the properties of long acenes is significant, which is important for interpreting the measured STS transport gaps. Our work contributes to a fundamental understanding of the electronic properties of long acenes, confirming a nonmonotonous length-dependent HOMO-LUMO gap, and to the development of multistep tip-assisted synthesis of elusive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Ruan
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schramm
- Universität
Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John B. Bauer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Naumann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Universität
Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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9
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Frezza F, Matěj A, Sánchez-Grande A, Carrera M, Mutombo P, Kumar M, Curiel D, Jelínek P. On-Surface Synthesis of a Radical 2D Supramolecular Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3531-3538. [PMID: 38269436 PMCID: PMC10859929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The design of supramolecular organic radical cages and frameworks is one of the main challenges in supramolecular chemistry. Their interesting material properties and wide applications make them very promising for (photo)redox catalysis, sensors, or host-guest spin-spin interactions. However, the high reactivity of radical organic systems makes the design of such supramolecular radical assemblies challenging. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of a purely organic supramolecular radical framework on Au(111), by combining supramolecular and on-surface chemistry. We employ a tripodal precursor, functionalized with 7-azaindole groups that, catalyzed by a single gold atom on the surface, forms a radical molecular product constituted by a π-extended fluoradene-based radical core. The radical products self-assemble through hydrogen bonding, leading to extended 2D domains ordered in a Kagome-honeycomb lattice. This approach demonstrates the potential of on-surface synthesis for developing 2D supramolecular radical organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Frezza
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7,11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Carrera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia,
Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- Département
de Raffinage et Pétrochimie, Faculté de Pétrole,
Gaz et Énergies Renouvelables, Université
de Kinshasa, BP 127 Kinshasa XI, République
Démocratique du Congo
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
| | - David Curiel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia,
Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- CATRIN-RCPTM, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu° 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Padniuk I, Stoica O, Zuzak R, Blieck R, Krawiec M, Godlewski S, Echavarren AM. On surface synthesis of an eleven-ring sulfur-doped nonacene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:858-861. [PMID: 38131529 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Dithienoacenes with a heptacene core, heptaceno[2,3-b:11,12-b']bis[1]benzothiophene, have been synthesized through the combination of solution and surface assisted chemistry. The atomic composition, structural arrangement and electronic properties of the molecules on the Au(111) surface have been deeply explored by non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy (BR-STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our combined experiments reveal modifications induced by sulfur substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Padniuk
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow PL 30-348, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Prof. St. Łojasiewicza St 11, PL30348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Otilia Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcell·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow PL 30-348, Poland.
| | - Remi Blieck
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcell·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, Lublin 20-031, Poland.
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow PL 30-348, Poland.
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcell·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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11
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Hendra, Witek HA. Energy Decomposition Scheme for Rectangular Graphene Flakes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38251146 PMCID: PMC11154492 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We show-to our own surprise-that total electronic energies for a family of m × n rectangular graphene flakes can be very accurately represented by a simple function of the structural parameters m and n with errors not exceeding 1 kcal/mol. The energies of these flakes, usually referred to as multiple zigzag chains Z(m,n), are computed for m, n < 21 at their optimized geometries using the DFTB3 methodology. We have discovered that the structural parameters m and n (and their simple algebraic functions) provide a much better basis for the energy decomposition scheme than the various topological invariants usually used in this context. Most terms appearing in our energy decomposition scheme seem to have simple chemical interpretations. Our observation goes against the well-established knowledge stating that many-body energies are complicated functions of molecular parameters. Our observations might have far-reaching consequences for building accurate machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Henryk A. Witek
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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12
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Jiang H, He Y, Lu J, Zheng F, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Sun Q. Unraveling the Mechanisms of On-Surface Photoinduced Reaction with Polarized Light Excitations. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1118-1125. [PMID: 38117979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
On-surface reaction has been shown as a powerful strategy to achieve atomically precise nanostructures. Numerous reactions have been realized on surfaces with thermal annealing as the primary excitation. In contrast, far fewer reactions have been triggered by light on surfaces despite its advantages due to the nonthermal process. This is possibly ascribed to our limited understanding on the excitation mechanisms of on-surface photoinduced reactions. In this work, we have studied the photoinduced debrominated coupling by using a linearly polarized light. We successfully achieved the reaction with no annealing process and obtained oligomers as the primary reaction products, which is in contrast with the formation of polymers with traditional thermal treatments. By exploring the dependence of reaction yield on the angle of incidence, we demonstrate an experimental method that can provide fundamental insights. The comparison with the theoretical approximation suggests indirect hot carrier excitation as the leading excitation mechanism. Our results not only provide fundamental insight into the surface photochemical reactions but also set the basis for harnessing light to construct unconventional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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13
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Pratakshya P, Xu C, Dibble DJ, Mukazhanova A, Liu P, Burke AM, Kurakake R, Lopez R, Dennison PR, Sharifzadeh S, Gorodetsky AA. Octopus-inspired deception and signaling systems from an exceptionally-stable acene variant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8528. [PMID: 38135683 PMCID: PMC10746719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional platforms that can dynamically modulate their color and appearance have attracted attention for applications as varied as displays, signaling, camouflage, anti-counterfeiting, sensing, biomedical imaging, energy conservation, and robotics. Within this context, the development of camouflage systems with tunable spectroscopic and fluorescent properties that span the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral regions has remained exceedingly challenging because of frequently competing materials and device design requirements. Herein, we draw inspiration from the unique blue rings of the Hapalochlaena lunulata octopus for the development of deception and signaling systems that resolve these critical challenges. As the active material, our actuator-type systems incorporate a readily-prepared and easily-processable nonacene-like molecule with an ambient-atmosphere stability that exceeds the state-of-the-art for comparable acenes by orders of magnitude. Devices from this active material feature a powerful and unique combination of advantages, including straightforward benchtop fabrication, competitive baseline performance metrics, robustness during cycling with the capacity for autonomous self-repair, and multiple dynamic multispectral operating modes. When considered together, the described exciting discoveries point to new scientific and technological opportunities in the areas of functional organic materials, reconfigurable soft actuators, and adaptive photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Pratakshya
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David J Dibble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Aliya Mukazhanova
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Panyiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anthony M Burke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Philip R Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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14
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Conrad L, Alcón I, Tremblay JC, Paulus B. Mechanistic Insights into Electronic Current Flow through Quinone Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3085. [PMID: 38132983 PMCID: PMC10745510 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches based on functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are of great interest in the development of nanoelectronics. In experiment, it was found that a significant difference in the conductance of an anthraquinone derivative can be achieved by altering the pH value of the environment. Building on this, in this work we investigate the underlying mechanism behind this effect and propose a general design principle for a pH based GNR-based switch. The electronic structure of the investigated systems is calculated using density functional theory and the transport properties at the quasi-stationary limit are described using nonequilibrium Green's function and the Landauer formalism. This approach enables the examination of the local and the global transport through the system. The electrons are shown to flow along the edges of the GNRs. The central carbonyl groups allow for tunable transport through control of the oxidation state via the pH environment. Finally, we also test different types of GNRs (zigzag vs. armchair) to determine which platform provides the best transport switchability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Conrad
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine, 1 Bd Arago, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Boné T, Windischbacher A, Scheucher L, Presel F, Schnabl P, Wagner MS, Bettinger HF, Peisert H, Chassé T, Puschnig P, Ramsey MG, Sterrer M, Koller G. Orientation, electronic decoupling and band dispersion of heptacene on modified and nanopatterned copper surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:475003. [PMID: 37586386 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acf105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of heptacene (7 A) on Cu(110) and Cu(110)-(2 × 1)-O was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission orbital tomography and density functional calculations to reveal the influence of surface passivation on the molecular geometry and electronic states. We found that the charge transfer into the 7 A molecules on Cu(110) is completely suppressed for the oxygen-modified Cu surface. The molecules are aligned along the Cu-O rows and uncharged. They are tilted due to the geometry enforced by the substrate and the ability to maximize intermolecular π-π overlap, which leads to strong π-band dispersion. The HOMO-LUMO gap of these decoupled molecules is significantly larger than that reported on weakly interacting metal surfaces. Finally, the Cu-O stripe phase was used as a template for nanostructured molecular growth and to assess possible confinement effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boné
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Scheucher
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Presel
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Schnabl
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marie S Wagner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael G Ramsey
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
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16
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Yan Y, Zheng F, Qie B, Lu J, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Sun Q. Triangle Counting Rule: An Approach to Forecast the Magnetic Properties of Benzenoid Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3193-3198. [PMID: 36971433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell benzenoid polycyclic hydrocarbons (BPHs) are promising materials for future quantum applications. However, the search for and realization of open-shell BPHs with desired properties is a challenging task due to the gigantic chemical space of BPHs, requiring new strategies for both theoretical understanding and experimental advancement. In this work, by building a structure database of BPHs through graphical enumeration, performing data-driven analysis, and combining tight-binding and mean-field Hubbard calculations, we discovered that the number of the internal vertices of the BPH graphs is closely correlated to their open-shell characters. We further established a simple rule, the triangle counting rule, to predict the magnetic ground states of BPHs. These findings not only provide a database of open-shell BPHs, but also extend the well-known Lieb's theorem and Ovchinnikov's rule and provide a straightforward method for designing open-shell carbon nanostructures. These insights may aid in the exploration of emerging quantum phases and the development of magnetic carbon materials for technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Boyu Qie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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17
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Impact of Di- and Poly-Radical Characters on the Relative
Energy of the Doubly Excited and La States of Linear Acenes and Cyclacenes. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear and cyclic acenes are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can be viewed as building blocks of graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes, respectively. While short linear acenes demonstrated remarkable efficiency in several optoelectronic applications, the longer members are unstable and difficult to synthesize as their cyclic counterparts. Recent progress in on-surface synthesis, a powerful tool to prepare highly reactive species, opens promising perspectives and motivates the computational investigations of these potentially functional molecules. Owing to their di- and poly-radical character, low-lying excited states dominated by doubly excited configurations are expected to become more important for longer members of both linear and cyclic molecules. In this work, we investigate the lowest-lying La and the doubly excited (DE) state of linear acenes and cyclacenes, with different computational approaches, to assess the influence of the di-/poly-radical characters (increasing with the molecular dimensions) on their relative order. We show that DFT/MRCI calculations correctly reproduce the crossing of the two states for longer linear acenes, while TDUDFT calculations fail to predict the correct excitation energy trend of the DE state. The study suggests a similarity in the excited electronic state pattern of long linear and cyclic acenes leading ultimately to a lowest lying dark DE state for both.
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18
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Abstract
Belonging to the enyne family, enetriynes comprise a distinct electron-rich all-carbon bonding scheme. However, the lack of convenient synthesis protocols limits the associated application potential within, e.g., biochemistry and materials science. Herein we introduce a pathway for highly selective enetriyne formation via tetramerization of terminal alkynes on a Ag(100) surface. Taking advantage of a directing hydroxyl group, we steer molecular assembly and reaction processes on square lattices. Induced by O2 exposure the terminal alkyne moieties deprotonate and organometallic bis-acetylide dimer arrays evolve. Upon subsequent thermal annealing tetrameric enetriyne-bridged compounds are generated in high yield, readily self-assembling into regular networks. We combine high-resolution scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to examine the structural features, bonding characteristics and the underlying reaction mechanism. Our study introduces an integrated strategy for the precise fabrication of functional enetriyne species, thus providing access to a distinct class of highly conjugated π-system compounds.
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19
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Real-space imaging of a phenyl group migration reaction on metal surfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:970. [PMID: 36810857 PMCID: PMC9944283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The explorations to extend present chemical synthetic methods are of great importance to simplify synthetic routes of chemical species. Additionally, understanding the chemical reaction mechanisms is critical to achieve controllable synthesis for applications. Here, we report the on-surface visualization and identification of a phenyl group migration reaction of 1,4-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetraphenyl benzene (DMTPB) precursor on Au(111), Cu(111) and Ag(110) substrates. With the combination of bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (BR-STM), noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the phenyl group migration reaction of DMTPB precursor is observed, forming various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the substrates. DFT calculations reveal that the multiple-step migrations are facilitated by the hydrogen radical attack, inducing cleavage of phenyl groups and subsequent rearomatization of the intermediates. This study provides insights into complex surface reaction mechanisms at the single molecule level, which may guide the design of chemical species.
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20
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Steering Large Magnetic Exchange Coupling in Nanographenes near the Closed-Shell to Open-Shell Transition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2968-2974. [PMID: 36708335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The design of open-shell carbon-based nanomaterials is at the vanguard of materials science, steered by their beneficial magnetic properties like weaker spin-orbit coupling than that of transition metal atoms and larger spin delocalization, which are of potential relevance for future spintronics and quantum technologies. A key parameter in magnetic materials is the magnetic exchange coupling (MEC) between unpaired spins, which should be large enough to allow device operation at practical temperatures. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally explore three distinct families of nanographenes (NGs) (A, B, and C) featuring majority zigzag peripheries. Through many-body calculations, we identify a transition from a closed-shell ground state to an open-shell ground state upon an increase of the molecular size. Our predictions indicate that the largest MEC for open-shell NGs occurs in proximity to the transition between closed-shell and open-shell states. Such predictions are corroborated by the on-surface syntheses and structural, electronic, and magnetic characterizations of three NGs (A[3,5], B[4,5], and C[4,3]), which are the smallest open-shell systems in their respective chemical families and are thus located the closest to the transition boundary. Notably, two of the NGs (B[4,5] and C[4,3]) feature record values of MEC (close to 200 meV) measured on the Au(111) surface. Our strategy for maximizing the MEC provides perspectives for designing carbon nanomaterials with robust magnetic ground states.
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21
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Sandoval-Salinas ME, Brémond E, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, Adamo C, Sancho-García JC. Excitation energies of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons by double-hybrid functionals: Assessing the PBE0-DH and PBE-QIDH models and their range-separated versions. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044105. [PMID: 36725511 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A family of non-empirical double-hybrid (DH) density functionals, such as Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE)0-DH, PBE-QIDH, and their range-separated exchange (RSX) versions RSX-0DH and RSX-QIDH, all using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof(PBE) exchange and correlationfunctionals, is applied here to calculate the excitation energies for increasingly longer linear and cyclic acenes as part of their intense benchmarking for excited states of all types. The energies for the two lowest-lying singlet 1La and 1Lb states of linear oligoacenes as well as the triplet 3La and 3Lb states, are calculated and compared with experimental results. These functionals clearly outperform the results obtained from hybrid functionals and favorably compare with other double-hybrid expressions also tested here, such as B2-PLYP, B2GP-PLYP, ωB2-PLYP, and ωB2GP-PLYP. The study is complemented by the computation of adiabatic S0-T1 singlet-triplet energy difference for linear acenes as well as the extension of the study to strained cyclic oligomers, showing how the family of non-empirical expressions robustly leads to competitive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sandoval-Salinas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - E Brémond
- ITODYS, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A J Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - C Adamo
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), UMR8060, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J C Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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22
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de Oteyza DG, Frederiksen T. Carbon-based nanostructures as a versatile platform for tunable π-magnetism. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:443001. [PMID: 35977474 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8a7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emergence ofπ-magnetism in open-shell nanographenes has been theoretically predicted decades ago but their experimental characterization was elusive due to the strong chemical reactivity that makes their synthesis and stabilization difficult. In recent years, on-surface synthesis under vacuum conditions has provided unprecedented opportunities for atomically precise engineering of nanographenes, which in combination with scanning probe techniques have led to a substantial progress in our capabilities to realize localized electron spin states and to control electron spin interactions at the atomic scale. Here we review the essential concepts and the remarkable advances in the last few years, and outline the versatility of carbon-basedπ-magnetic materials as an interesting platform for applications in spintronics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas G de Oteyza
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, E-33940 El Entrego, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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23
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Hayashi H, Chan YS, Sato S, Kasahara S, Matsuo K, Aratani N, Yamada H. Polyazaacene and Cyclazaacene Precursors Synthesized by Dehydration Condensation from a Versatile Bis‐α‐diketone Unit Having an Anthracene Skeleton. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hayashi
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Materials Science 8916-5 Takayama-cho 630-0192 Ikoma JAPAN
| | - Yee Seng Chan
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Science JAPAN
| | - Shizuka Sato
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Science JAPAN
| | - Shoma Kasahara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Science JAPAN
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Science JAPAN
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Science JAPAN
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Science JAPAN
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24
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Sánchez‐Grande A, Urgel JI, García‐Benito I, Santos J, Biswas K, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Rosen J, Miranda R, Björk J, Martín N, Écija D. Surface-Assisted Synthesis of N-Containing π-Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200407. [PMID: 35604199 PMCID: PMC9259725 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N-containing pentacene-based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex-professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2 ) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N-containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 °C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole-bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 °C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N-containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - Inés García‐Benito
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad ComplutenseMadrid28040Spain
| | - José Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad ComplutenseMadrid28040Spain
| | - Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridCSICCantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - Johanna Rosen
- Department of PhysicsChemistry and BiologyIFMLinköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of PhysicsChemistry and BiologyIFMLinköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad ComplutenseMadrid28040Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
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25
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Wang D, Lu X, Cai L, Zhang L, Feng S, Zhang W, Yang M, Wu J, Wang Z, Wee ATS. Low-Dimensional Porous Carbon Networks Using Single-/Triple-Coupling Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Precursors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9843-9851. [PMID: 35657207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) share the same hexagonal structure of sp2 carbons as graphene but possess an energy gap due to quantum confinement effect. PHs can be synthesized by a bottom-up strategy starting from small building blocks covalently bonded into large 2D organic sheets. Further investigation of the role of the covalent bonding/coupling ways on their electronic properties is needed. Here, we demonstrate a surface-mediated synthesis of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and its extended HBC oligomers (dimers, trimers, and tetramers) via single- and triple-coupling ways and reveal the implication of different covalent bonding on their electronic properties. High-resolution low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy are employed to in situ determine the atomic structures of as-synthesized HBC oligomers. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show that the length extension of HBC oligomers narrows the energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Furthermore, the energy gaps of triple-coupling HBC oligomers are smaller and decrease more significantly than that of the single-coupling ones. We hypothesize that the triple coupling promotes a more effective delocalization of π-electrons than the single coupling, according to density functional theory calculations. We also demonstrate that the HBC oligomers can further extend across the substrate steps to achieve conjugated polymers and large-area porous carbon networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Shuo Feng
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhuo Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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26
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Biswas K, Urgel JI, Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. Synthesis and Characterization of peri-Heptacene on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114983. [PMID: 35170842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of long n-peri-acenes (n-PAs) is challenging as a result of their inherent open-shell radical character, which arises from the presence of parallel zigzag edges beyond a certain n value. They are considered as π-electron model systems to study magnetism in graphene nanostructures; being potential candidates in the fabrication of optoelectronic and spintronic devices. Here, we report the on-surface formation of the largest pristine member of the n-PA family, i.e. peri-heptacene (n=7, 7-PA), obtained on an Au(111) substrate under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Our high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy investigations, complemented by theoretical simulations, provide insight into the chemical structure of this previously elusive compound. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals the antiferromagnetic open-shell singlet ground state of 7-PA, exhibiting singlet-triplet spin-flip inelastic excitations with an effective exchange coupling (Jeff ) of 49 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Synthesis of oligoacenes using precursors for evaluation of their electronic structures. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1511-1532. [PMID: 35670917 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, which are hydrocarbons comprising linearly fused benzene rings, have attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic structures and utility as organic electronic materials. However, the ease with which oligoacenes undergo oxidation increases with the number of linearly fused benzene rings owing to the increased energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital. The synthesis of naked oligoacenes with seven or more benzene rings is difficult because their open-shell structure renders them unstable. The recent development of a precursor method has enabled the in situ synthesis of oligoacenes under specific conditions and the spectroscopic observation of oligoacene in single crystals, in film matrices and under cryogenic conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions have also made significant advances in the study of oligoacenes and oligoazaacenes. This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis of oligoacenes using precursors, with a particular focus on the chemical structures, synthesis, and reactivity of the precursors. The electronic properties of oligoacenes are also discussed in relation to the number of fused benzene rings, including their energy levels and spin states. These results will contribute to the synthesis and development of carbon nanomaterials with applications in the field of organic electronics.
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28
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Chen C, Wang MW, Zhao XY, Yang S, Chen XY, Wang XY. Pushing the Length Limit of Dihydrodiboraacenes: Synthesis and Characterizations of Boron-Embedded Heptacene and Nonacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200779. [PMID: 35253330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Boron-embedded heteroacenes (boraacenes) have attracted enormous interest in organic chemistry and materials science. However, extending the skeleton of boraacenes to higher acenes (N≥6) is synthetically challenging because of their limited stability under ambient conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis of boron-embedded heptacene (DBH) and nonacene (DBN) as the hitherto longest boraacenes. The former is highly stable (even after 240 h in tetrahydrofuran), while the latter is air-sensitive with the half-life (t1/2 ) of 11.8 min. The structures of both compounds are verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a linear backbone with an antiaromatic C4 B2 core. Photophysical characterizations associated with theoretical calculations indicate that both compounds exhibit highly efficient anti-Kasha emissions. Remarkably, the air-stable DBH manifests an ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 98±2 % and can be chemically reduced to its radical anion and dianion states, implying the value of boron-doped higher acenes as novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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29
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Biswas K, Urgel JI, Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Sánchez‐Grande A, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. Synthesis and Characterization of
peri
‐Heptacene on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez‐Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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30
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Ji P, Dettmann D, Liu YH, Berti G, Preetha Genesh N, Cui D, MacLean O, Perepichka DF, Chi L, Rosei F. Tandem Desulfurization/C-C Coupling Reaction of Tetrathienylbenzenes on Cu(111): Synthesis of Pentacene and an Exotic Ladder Polymer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6506-6514. [PMID: 35363486 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined reactions represent a powerful approach for the precise synthesis of low-dimensional organic materials. A complete understanding of the pathways of surface reactions would enable the rational synthesis of a wide range of molecules and polymers. Here, we report different reaction pathways of tetrathienylbenzene (T1TB) and its extended congener tetrakis(dithienyl)benzene (T2TB) on Cu(111), investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Both T1TB and T2TB undergo desulfurization when deposited on Cu(111) at room temperature. Deposition of T1TB at 453 K yields pentacene through desulfurization, hydrogen transfer, and a cascade of intramolecular cyclization. In contrast, for T2TB the intramolecular cyclization stops at anthracene and the following intermolecular C-C coupling produces a conjugated ladder polymer. We show that tandem desulfurization/C-C coupling provides a versatile approach for growing carbon-based nanostructures on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Dominik Dettmann
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Ying-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Giulia Berti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Navathej Preetha Genesh
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
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31
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Zhang H, Lu J, Zhang Y, Gao L, Zhao XJ, Tan YZ, Cai J. Magnetism engineering of nanographene: an enrichment strategy by co-depositing diverse precursors on Au(111). CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Izydorczyk I, Stoica O, Krawiec M, Blieck R, Zuzak R, Stępień M, Echavarren AM, Godlewski S. On-surface synthesis of a phenylene analogue of nonacene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4063-4066. [PMID: 35262162 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00479h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobuta[1,2-b:3,4-b']ditetracene - an analogue of nonacene with a cyclobutadiene unit embedded in the central part has been synthesized by the combination of solution and on-surface chemistry. The atomic structure and electronic properties of the product on Au(111) have been determined by high resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Structural and magnetic parameters derived from theoretical calculations reveal that π conjugation is dominated by radialene-type contribution, with an admixture of cyclobutadiene-like antiaromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Izydorczyk
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Otilia Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcell·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Rémi Blieck
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcell·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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33
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Chen C, Wang M, Zhao X, Yang S, Chen X, Wang X. Pushing the Length Limit of Dihydrodiboraacenes: Synthesis and Characterizations of Boron‐Embedded Heptacene and Nonacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming‐Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xing‐Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xing‐Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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34
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Sättele MS, Windischbacher A, Greulich K, Egger L, Haags A, Kirschner H, Ovsyannikov R, Giangrisostomi E, Gottwald A, Richter M, Soubatch S, Tautz FS, Ramsey MG, Puschnig P, Koller G, Bettinger HF, Chassé T, Peisert H. Hexacene on Cu(110) and Ag(110): Influence of the Substrate on Molecular Orientation and Interfacial Charge Transfer. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:5036-5045. [PMID: 35330758 PMCID: PMC8935373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexacene, composed of six linearly fused benzene rings, is an organic semiconductor material with superior electronic properties. The fundamental understanding of the electronic and chemical properties is prerequisite to any possible application in devices. We investigate the orientation and interface properties of highly ordered hexacene monolayers on Ag(110) and Cu(110) with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), photoemission orbital tomography (POT), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT). We find pronounced differences in the structural arrangement of the molecules and the electronic properties at the metal/organic interfaces for the two substrates. While on Cu(110) the molecules adsorb with their long molecular axis parallel to the high symmetry substrate direction, on Ag(110), hexacene adsorbs in an azimuthally slightly rotated geometry with respect to the metal rows of the substrate. In both cases, molecular planes are oriented parallel to the substrate. A pronounced charge transfer from both substrates to different molecular states affects the effective charge of different C atoms of the molecule. Through analysis of experimental and theoretical data, we found out that on Ag(110) the LUMO of the molecule is occupied through charge transfer from the metal, whereas on Cu(110) even the LUMO+1 receives a charge. Interface dipoles are determined to a large extent by the push-back effect, which are also found to differ significantly between 6A/Ag(110) and 6A/Cu(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Sättele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Greulich
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Larissa Egger
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Haags
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Experimental Physics IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Kirschner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Gottwald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Stefan Tautz
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Experimental Physics IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael G Ramsey
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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35
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Di Giovannantonio M, Fasel R. On‐surface synthesis and atomic scale characterization of unprotected indenofluorene polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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36
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Eimre K, Urgel JI, Hayashi H, Di Giovannantonio M, Ruffieux P, Sato S, Otomo S, Chan YS, Aratani N, Passerone D, Gröning O, Yamada H, Fasel R, Pignedoli CA. On-surface synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-substituted undecacenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:511. [PMID: 35082284 PMCID: PMC8791976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom substitution in acenes allows tailoring of their remarkable electronic properties, expected to include spin-polarization and magnetism for larger members of the acene family. Here, we present a strategy for the on-surface synthesis of three undecacene analogs substituted with four nitrogen atoms on an Au(111) substrate, by employing specifically designed diethano-bridged precursors. A similarly designed precursor is used to synthesize the pristine undecacene molecule. By comparing experimental features of scanning probe microscopy with ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that the ground state of the synthesized tetraazaundecacene has considerable open-shell character on Au(111). Additionally, we demonstrate that the electronegative nitrogen atoms induce a considerable shift in energy level alignment compared to the pristine undecacene, and that the introduction of hydro-aza groups causes local anti-aromaticity in the synthesized compounds. Our work provides access to the precise fabrication of nitrogen-substituted acenes and their analogs, potential building-blocks of organic electronics and spintronics, and a rich playground to explore π-electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shizuka Sato
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Satoru Otomo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yee Seng Chan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daniele Passerone
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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37
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Biswas K, Yang L, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Chen Q, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Feng X, Urgel JI. Defect-Induced π-Magnetism into Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:224. [PMID: 35055243 PMCID: PMC8780648 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanographenes (NGs) with open-shell ground states have recently attained increasing attention in view of their interesting physicochemical properties and great prospects in manifold applications as suitable materials within the rising field of carbon-based magnetism. A potential route to induce magnetism in NGs is the introduction of structural defects, for instance non-benzenoid rings, in their honeycomb lattice. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of three open-shell non-benzenoid NGs (A1, A2 and A3) on the Au(111) surface. A1 and A2 contain two five- and one seven-membered rings within their benzenoid backbone, while A3 incorporates one five-membered ring. Their structures and electronic properties have been investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy complemented with theoretical calculations. Our results provide access to open-shell NGs with a combination of non-benzenoid topologies previously precluded by conventional synthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic;
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
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38
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Jančařík A, Holec J, Nagata Y, Šámal M, Gourdon A. Preparative-scale synthesis of nonacene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:223. [PMID: 35017480 PMCID: PMC8752783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years we have witnessed progressive evolution of preparation of acenes with length up to dodecacene by on-surface synthesis in ultra-high vacuum or generation of acenes up to decacene in solid matrices at low temperatures. While these protocols with very specific conditions produce the acenes in amount of few molecules, the strategies leading to the acenes in large quantities dawdle behind. Only recently and after 70 years of synthetic attempts, heptacene has been prepared in bulk phase. However, the preparative scale synthesis of higher homologues still remains a formidable challenge. Here we report the preparation and characterisation of nonacene and show its excellent thermal and in-time stability. Acenes, or linearly fused benzene rings, have both fundamental scientific interest and potential for electronic and material utility, but synthesis of acenes with more than six rings are difficult due to dimerization and degradation. Here the authors prepare nonacene and demonstrate that it is stable in inert conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Jančařík
- GNS Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Jan Holec
- GNS Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Japan Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andre Gourdon
- GNS Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.
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39
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Chen S, Cai Z, Ou Z, Wang Z, Guo D, Zhong D. Direct aryl-aryl coupling of pentacene on Au(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22155-22159. [PMID: 34580696 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective C-H bond activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is challenging due to the relatively high bond dissociation energy and the existence of multiple equivalent C-H sites. Herein, we report a scanning tunneling microscopy study on the covalent coupling of pentacene molecules on Au(110) surfaces. The missing-row reconstruction of Au(110) surfaces strengthens the molecule-substrate interactions. At elevated temperatures (470-520 K), pentacenes undergo direct aryl-aryl coupling via C-H bond activation. Due to the anisotropic feature of the reconstructed Au(110) surface, pentacenes are preferentially oriented parallel or perpendicular, making the linear and T-shaped dimers the predominant products. Based on density functional theory calculations, the aryl C-H bond activation barrier is reduced to 1.42 eV on Au(110)-(1 × 3) reconstructed surfaces, at which the extra row of gold atoms located in the (1 × 3) reconstructed grooves plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenwei Chen
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeying Cai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, 523803 Dongguan, China
| | - Zengfu Ou
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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40
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Turco E, Mishra S, Melidonie J, Eimre K, Obermann S, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R, Feng X, Ruffieux P. On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of Super-nonazethrene. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8314-8319. [PMID: 34428064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beginning with the early work of Clar et al. in 1955, zethrenes and their laterally extended homologues, super-zethrenes, have been intensively studied in the solution phase and widely investigated as optical and charge transport materials. Superzethrenes are also considered to exhibit an open-shell ground state and may thus serve as model compounds to investigate nanoscale π-magnetism. However, their synthesis is extremely challenging due to their high reactivity. We report here the on-surface synthesis of the hitherto largest zethrene homologue-super-nonazethrene-on Au(111). Using single-molecule scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we show that super-nonazethrene exhibits an open-shell singlet ground state featuring a large spin polarization-driven electronic gap of 1 eV. Consistent with the emergence of an open-shell ground state, high-resolution tunneling spectroscopy reveals singlet-triplet spin excitations in super-nonazethrene, characterized by a strong intramolecular magnetic exchange coupling of 51 meV. Given the paucity of zethrene chemistry on surfaces, our results therefore provide unprecedented access to large, open-shell zethrene compounds amenable to scanning probe measurements, with potential application in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Turco
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jason Melidonie
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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41
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Ayani CG, Pisarra M, Urgel JI, Navarro JJ, Díaz C, Hayashi H, Yamada H, Calleja F, Miranda R, Fasel R, Martín F, Vázquez de Parga AL. Efficient photogeneration of nonacene on nanostructured graphene. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:744-750. [PMID: 34165121 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface photogeneration of nonacene from α-bisdiketone precursors deposited on nanostructured epitaxial graphene grown on Ru(0001) has been studied by means of low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The presence of an unoccupied surface state, spatially localized in the regions where the precursors are adsorbed, and energetically accessible in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum where n-π* transitions take place, allows for a 100% conversion of the precursors into nonacenes. With the help of state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, we show that such a high yield is due to the effective population of the surface state by the incoming light and the ensuing electron transfer to the unoccupied states of the precursors through an inelastic scattering mechanism. Our findings are the experimental confirmation that surface states can play a prominent role in the surface photochemistry of complex molecular systems, in accordance with early theoretical predictions made on small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme G Ayani
- Dep Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Sun K, Sagisaka K, Peng L, Watanabe H, Xu F, Pawlak R, Meyer E, Okuda Y, Orita A, Kawai S. Head-to-Tail Oligomerization by Silylene-Tethered Sonogashira Coupling on Ag(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19598-19603. [PMID: 33955126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is a powerful method for the fabrication of π-conjugated nanomaterials. Herein, we demonstrate chemoselective Sonogashira coupling between (trimethylsilyl)ethynyl and chlorophenyl groups in silylethynyl- and chloro-substituted partially fluorinated phenylene ethynylenes (SiCPFPEs) on Ag(111). The desilylative Sonogashira coupling occurred with high chemoselectivity up to 75 %, while the competing Ullmann and desilylative Glaser homocoupling reactions were suppressed. A combination of bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy/atomic force microscopy (STM/AFM) and DFT calculations revealed that the oligomers were obtained by the formation of intermolecular silylene tethers (-Me2 Si-) through CH3 -Si bond activation at 130 °C and subsequent elimination of the tethers at an elevated temperature of 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sagisaka
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Lifen Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
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43
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Wang Y. Extension and Quantification of the Fries Rule and Its Connection to Aromaticity: Large-Scale Validation by Wave-Function-Based Resonance Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:5136-5148. [PMID: 34428367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Fries rule is a simple, intuitive tool to predict the most dominant Kekulé structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which is valuable for understanding the structure, stability, reactivity, and aromaticity of these conjugated compounds. However, it still remains an empirical hypothesis, with limited qualitative applications. Herein, we verify, generalize, and quantify the Fries rule based on the recently developed resonance analysis of the DFT wave functions of over 1500 PAH and fullerene molecules with over a billion Kekulé structures. The extended rules, counting the numbers of electrons within all rings (not just sextets), are able to rank the relative importance of all Kekulé structures for all considered systems. The statistically meaningful quantification also opens a way to evaluate ring aromaticity based on the resonance theory, which generally agrees well with conventional aromaticity descriptors. Furthermore, we propose a purely graph-based aromaticity indicator nicely applicable to PAHs and fullerenes, with no need of any quantum chemistry calculations, so that it can make valuable predictions for molecular properties that are related to local aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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44
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Abstract
Pyrazinacenes are a class of nitrogen-containing heteroacene molecules composed of linearly fused pyrazine units, which might also include dihydropyrazine groups leading to different reduced states of the compounds. While they are structurally similar to hydrocarbon acenes (e.g., pentacene) the presence of increasing numbers of N-heteroatoms introduces several different additional features of the compounds so that they can be considered for investigations beyond those suggested for acenes (i.e., organic field-effect transistors, solar cell components). Pyrazinacenes are in several ways complementary to C-H-only acenes based on the increasing stability of reduced states of the compounds with increasing numbers of fused pyrazine rings, although an acene-like electronic structure persists in the compounds so far studied. However, the introduction of multiple N atoms leads to properties that depart from C-H-only acenes. In particular, the compounds exhibit a delocalization of NH protons in extended reduced compounds and oxidation state switchability in solution and at interfaces. The presence of NH groups also allows an easy introduction of solubilizing groups at the pyrazinacene chromophore. In this Account, we will describe the preparation of extended pyrazinacenes from dipyrazino[2,3-b:2',3'-e]pyrazine (1,4,5,8,9,10-hexaazaanthracene; N6) derivatives up to 1,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18-tetradecaazaheptacene (N14) and also assess structures of the relevant compounds based on X-ray crystallographic studies. Emergent properties of the molecules include highly unusual linear tautomeric processes based on a delocalization of protons (and the corresponding formation of orbitals based on multiple adjacent N lone electron pair interactions), which suggest special transport properties based on molecular protonics. Molecules such as decazapentacene (N10) exhibit multistability of oxidation state, and this is predicted to promote the redox catalytic properties of the compounds. The oxidation-state switching of on-surface processes is also described and has been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The longest known pyrazinacene chromophore (N14) exhibits amphiprotism with its state of protonation being strongly coupled to its fluorescence emission properties in the near-infrared region indicating possible uses in pH-coupled bioimaging applications. The synthesis of the pyrazinacenes is flexible and allows the preparation of symmetrically or unsymmetrically substituted derivatives for the development of more complex molecules and for control of the electronic structure of the acene unit. Overall, the pyrazinacenes represent an emerging class of highly nitrogenous heteroacenes with unique properties and excellent potential for development in different applications based on their special supramolecular properties including guest binding or interactions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Richards
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- Functional Chromophores Group, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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45
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Minkin VI, Starikov AG, Starikova AA. Acene-Linked Zethrenes and Bisphenalenyls: A DFT Search for Organic Tetraradicals. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6562-6570. [PMID: 34310142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are of special interest due to their promising nonlinear optical and magnetic properties. A series of acene-linked zethrenes and bisphenalenyls comprising from five to nine benzene rings in the linker group have been computationally studied by the DFT UB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) quantum-chemical modeling of their electronic structure, possible spin states, and exchange interactions. The zethrenes with octacene and nonacene linkers as well as bisphenalenyls comprising heptacene, octacene, and nonacene linker groups have been revealed to possess tetraradicaloid nature, which makes them promising building blocks for organic optoelectronic and spintronic devices. The results obtained open a way of constructing tetraradicaloid organic molecules characterized by the presence of two types of paramagnetic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G Starikov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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46
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Sun K, Sagisaka K, Peng L, Watanabe H, Xu F, Pawlak R, Meyer E, Okuda Y, Orita A, Kawai S. Head‐to‐Tail Oligomerization by Silylene‐Tethered Sonogashira Coupling on Ag(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Keisuke Sagisaka
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Lifen Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Okayama University of Science 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan 411201 China
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Okayama University of Science 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Okayama University of Science 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Okayama University of Science 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Okayama University of Science 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8571 Japan
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47
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Synthesis of the [11]Cyclacene Framework by Repetitive Diels-Alder Cycloadditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103047. [PMID: 34065279 PMCID: PMC8161356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diels–Alder cycloaddition between bisdienes and bisdienophile incorporating the 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane unit are well known to show high diastereoselectivity that can be exploited for the synthesis of molecular belts. The related bisdiene 5,6,7,8-tetramethylidene-2-bicyclo[2.2.2]octene is a valuable building block for the synthesis of photoprecursors for acenes, but it has not been employed for the synthesis of molecular belts. The present work investigates by computational means the Diels–Alder reaction between these bisdiene building blocks with syn-1,4,5,8-tetrahydro-1,4:5,8-diepoxyanthracene, which shows that the diastereoselectivity of the Diels–Alder reaction of the etheno-bridged bisdiene is lower than that of the epoxy-bridged bisdiene. The reaction of the etheno-bridged bisdiene and syn-1,4,5,8-tetrahydro-1,4:5,8-diepoxyanthracene in 2:1 ratio yields two diastereomers that differ in the orientation of the oxa and etheno bridges based on NMR and X-ray crystallography. The all-syn diastereomer can be transformed into a molecular belt by inter- and intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions with a bifunctional building block. The molecular belt could function as a synthetic intermediate en route to a [11]cyclacene photoprecursor.
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48
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Sun K, Sugawara K, Lyalin A, Ishigaki Y, Uosaki K, Taketsugu T, Suzuki T, Kawai S. Heterocyclic Ring‐Opening of Nanographene on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Andrey Lyalin
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kohei Uosaki
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8571 Japan
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49
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Sun K, Sugawara K, Lyalin A, Ishigaki Y, Uosaki K, Taketsugu T, Suzuki T, Kawai S. Heterocyclic Ring-Opening of Nanographene on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9427-9432. [PMID: 33576120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-dehydrogenation is of importance to induce the planarization of molecules on noble surfaces upon annealing. In contrast to a number of successful syntheses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by forming carbon-carbon bonds, it is still rare to conduct conjugation and cleavage of carbon-nitrogen bonds in molecules. Here, we present a systematic transformation of the C-N bonds in11,11,12,12-tetraphenyl-1,4,5,8-tetraazaanthraquinodimethane as well as three other derivatives on Au(111). With bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we discovered novel the "heterocyclic segregation" reaction of one pyrazine ring with two nitrogen atoms to form two quinoline rings with one nitrogen each. Density functional theory calculations showed that the intramolecular ring-forming and -opening of N-heterocycles are strongly affected by the initial hydrogen-substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Andrey Lyalin
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kohei Uosaki
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
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50
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Holec J, Cogliati B, Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Herrero P, Nagata Y, Banasiewicz M, Kozankiewicz B, Corso M, de Oteyza DG, Jancarik A, Gourdon A. A Large Starphene Comprising Pentacene Branches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7752-7758. [PMID: 33460518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Starphenes are attractive compounds due to their characteristic physicochemical properties that are inherited from acenes, making them interesting compounds for organic electronics and optics. However, the instability and low solubility of larger starphene homologs make their synthesis extremely challenging. Herein, we present a new strategy leading to pristine [16]starphene in preparative scale. Our approach is based on a synthesis of a carbonyl-protected starphene precursor that is thermally converted in a solid-state form to the neat [16]starphene, which is then characterised with a variety of analytical methods, such as 13 C CP-MAS NMR, TGA, MS MALDI, UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, high-resolution STM experiments unambiguously confirm its expected structure and reveal a moderate electronic delocalisation between the pentacene arms. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts NICS(1) are also calculated to survey its aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holec
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Beatrice Cogliati
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Current address: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pablo Herrero
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Japan Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boleslaw Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrej Jancarik
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Science, IOCB CAS, Flemingovo nám. 542, 160 00, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andre Gourdon
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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